758 Copyright © 2023 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 11, Number 1, June 2023 pp. 758 - 773 Figurative Language Used in Children’s Songs in the 1990s and 2000s Wisran1 Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo wisranss@iainpalopo.ac.id1 Received: 2023-07-09 Accepted: 2023-07-09 DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v11i1.4055 Abstract This study aims to: (1) To find out the types of figurative languages used in children's songs in the 1990s and 2000s (2) To analyze the contextual meanings of figurative language used in children's songs in the 1990s and 2000s. The data in this study are in the form of words. Data obtained by using the method of observation and documentation method. The data analysis used is descriptive qualitative. Data is presented in formal and informal forms. The results of data analysis in this study found the types of figurative language in children's songs in the 1990s, namely simile, metaphor, personification, symbolic, paradox and hyperbole. While in children's songs in the 2000s, the types of figurative language used are simile, metaphor, personification, metonymy, symbolic, paradox, hyperbole and irony. Keywords: Figurative Language, Song, Contextual Meaning Introduction Language is a means of communication which, people use to express their ideas, thought and feelings. Language is a system of sounds used as a means to communicate human’s feelings and thoughts with others. Regarding the use of language, the researcher can say that the role of language is very important in human life as the part of social community. The study of language is known as linguistics. Linguistics has several branches of study, thus are phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics and historical linguistics. For the purpose of this research, the researcher chooses figurative language which is under the semantic branch. Figurative language refers to language that deviates from standard order and significance in order to express complex meanings, creative prose, clarification, or associations that are evocative. In recent years, in the study of literature, figurative language has been commonly studied by linguists, since it has the meaning of elegance and beauty. Abrams (1999:96) suggested that figurative language is used for the purpose of acquiring unique meaning of words as an indication or word utterance. This implies that it is not possible to grasp and http://u.lipi.go.id/1457703302 mailto:wisranss@iainpalopo.ac.id1 IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 759 2interpret terms with figurative language in literal form. It utilizes speech figures to be more powerful, convincing and impactful. On the other hand, Keraf (1985: 113) said that "figurative expression is the characteristic way of expressing the mind through language that shows the spirit and personality of the writer (language user)." It is generally used by authors to show their hearts. The writers want readers or listeners to experience the emotion through their hearts, not just their eyes or ears. In addition, figurative language is a language expression technique, a discussion style whose meaning does not refer to the literal meaning of the words that support it, but to the added meaning, the implied meaning and use of certain varieties to obtain certain effects, the overall language characteristics of a group of literary writers and the distinctive way of expressing thought and feelings both orally and in writing. Music comes as a language that can be used for communicate that brings satisfaction and certain feelings against cultural values. Apart from musical elements, the tone, theme, lyrics are also included as an essential element of the beauty of a song. In fact, sometimes the lyrics can also affect the feelings of those who hear it. Every song writers always conveys the meaning and message contained in the song lyrics in each verse. Song lyrics have the form of a message in the form of written words and sentences that can be used to create atmosphere and a certain imaginary image to the listener so that it can create various meanings. So that through song lyrics, a songwriter can communicate with the audience. Music in its development is adapted to people's tastes so that music is different from other arts has its own charm and gives a new feel to the development of art in Indonesia. As far as researcher knows that not all the songs can be said to be literary works because songs can be said to be literary works if the songs have lyrics that contain a lot of meaning in it, beautiful language and implied messages. Sometimes people have difficulty understanding what a composer means in a song because of what the songwriters said conventinally not always what the songwriters want to say. A composer usually means implicitly. In an effort to understand the meaning of what the songwriter meant, further knowledge is needed. This study will analyze what types of figurative language were used in children’s songs in the 1990s and 2000s and the contextual meaning of figurative language used in children’s songs in the 1990s and 2000s. According to Nurita (2011), teaches a character that has a good influence on their growth. In other words, the positive impact of children’s songs that teach about an act of courtesy that can affect their mind, soul and body. This is important to know so that the adults can direct children to listen to children’s songs more than the adult songs which are more dominant in this era. Based on this explanation, the researcher is interested in making children’s songs as the object of her research. With regard to this semiotics, the verses of the Qur’an have always described something in a parable. The descriptions of how beautiful life in heaven, the pain of retribution in hell and the enormity of the Doomsday are all displayed with tamtsil or methaphors said Nurcholish Madjid in his book on scholars and community religiosity which is used as a language that is understood by humans to describe something that is really indescribable. 2. Method 2.1. Research Method Design Descriptive qualitative method will be used in this research. According to (Kothari, 1990: 18) qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomenon, i.e. phenomenon relating to or involving quality or kind, such as investigating the reasons for human behavior. This type of research aims that discovering the underlying motives and desires, using in Wisran1 Figurative Language Used in Children’s Songs in the 1990s and 2000s 760 depth interviews for the purpose. Qualitative research is especially important in the behavioral sciences where the aim is to discover the factors which motivate people to behave in a particular manner or which make people like or dislike thing. It means that figures do not quantify the data, but describe it by counting each sentence that indicates figurative language expressions. This study focused on every type of figurative language and it is done by identifying, classifying, describing, and explaining the meaning of every figurative language. 2.2. Data Sources In the 1990s and 2000s, the data of this analysis will be taken from the children's song and based on analyzing each lyric. The sources of the object are website, YouTube, journal, etc. Therefore, the explanation for selecting the children's song as the data in the 1990s and 2000s is that today children's songs are becoming gradually extinct. 2.3. Instrument of Research In collecting data, researcher used to note-take as a research instrument. Note taking is used to take notes and write them down on paper. The researcher made notes to find and classify each of the lyrics contained in the song, and explain it in written form. Researchers get data from the song after listening to and rewriting the lyrics from YouTube, websites and others then reading other relevant references such as journals, articles, research, theses, etc. 2.4. Procedure of Collecting Data The researcher will use this following procedure in collecting the data: 1. Selecting songs from the internet 2. Searching for the popular children's songs in 1990s and 2000s 3. Choosing twenty of the recommended song list 4. Listening carefully and deeply that has been recommended 5. Identifying the lyrics, phrases and sentences in the song 2.5. Technique of Analyzing Data After finding the figurative language in the data source, The first, researcher will explain the reason to choose the data collection. Then figurative language in the data source will explain the reason to choose the data collection. And the data will be analyzed using the theory of figurative language. Second, identifying the types of figurative language, then analyzing the contextual meaning of each figurative language. Last, making some conclusions based on the result of the research in findings and discussions. 3. Results The results should summarize (scientific) findings of the study. It should be written in clear and concise. The separation or com-bination of Results and Discussion is accepted. If the result is separated into some subheadings, the subheading should be numbered as following example: 3.1. Findings After doing research on songs for children, the findings of this study show the types of figurative language were found in children's songs in the 1990s and 2000s and the contextual meanings contained in the lyrics. The theory of figurative language used belongs to Perrine (1988:565). Based on this theory, the researchers found seven out of twelve types of figurative language, those were simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, paradox, symbolic, and irony. IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 761 1. Types of figurative languages used in children’s songs in the 1990s and 2000s Table 1. Songs in 1990s NO Song Title 1990s Types of Figurative Language Sim Meta Per Ap Syne Meto Sym All Par Hyp Und Iro 1 Reflection - - 2 - - - - - - 1 - - 2 Colors of the wind - 1 3 - - - 1 - - 1 - - 3 You’ve got a friend in me - - 1 - - - - - - 1 - - 4 Heaven light/Hellfire 1 1 1 - - - - - 1 - - - 5 When She Loved me - - 1 - - - - - - - - - 6 Stand out 1 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - TOTAL 2 3 8 - - - 2 - 1 3 - - Table 2. Songs in 2000s NO Song Title 2000s Types of Figurative Language Sim Meta Per Ap Syne Meto Sym All Par Hyp Und Iro 1 Firework 4 1 3 - - - 1 - 1 10 - 1 2 Remember me - - 2 - - 1 - - - 1 - - 3 A million dreams 1 - 1 - - - - - 1 3 - - 4 A dream is a wish your heart makes - 4 2 - - - - - - - - - 5 How does a moment last forever 1 - 2 - - - - - - 1 - - 6 Let it go 3 - 3 - - - - - - 3 - - TOTAL 9 5 13 0 0 1 1 0 2 18 0 1 Based on the findings above, the researcher gives analyze the contextual meanings of figurative language used in children’s songs in the 1990s and 2000s. 2. Analysis of the contextual meanings of figurative language used in children’s songs in the 1990s and 2000s Wisran1 Figurative Language Used in Children’s Songs in the 1990s and 2000s 762 a) Contextual meanings of figurative language used in children’s songs in the 2000s 1. Miguel (2017) – Remember me a) Hyperbole The researcher explains the hyperbole-containing line in this part. According to Perrine, the hyperbole is clearly an exaggeration in the name of reality. It made the reader think in a different way than most people do. There is line that contain hyperbole, according to the researcher. Datum 8 I hold you in my heart This lyric includes hyperbole because the expression of someone who wants to hug, but through his heart. while according to psychology, hug is simple body language that people always need when feeling any emotion. Whether it's happy, sad, or when experiencing other emotional conditions. From this definition, it doesn't make sense if someone wants to hug through the heart, this doesn't show as body language. The meaning of this line is hugging the heart is an expression of someone who has each different world that can only be felt indirectly. b) Personification In this part, the researcher delves deeper into the meaning of the sentence that includes personification. Personification, as discussed in Chapter 2, is figurative language that assigns human characteristics to an animal, an object, or an idea. In Miguel’s "Remember me" there is a sentence that can classified as personification. Datum 9 Each time you hear a sad guitar In this lyric, the personification can be seen in the words "Every time you hear a sad guitar". According to the Oxford learner’s dictionaries, guitar is a musical instrument that usually has six strings and is played with the fingers or with a plectrum which is an inanimate object and does not have human feelings. guitar is just a rhythm or accompaniment of a song, meaning that by playing the notes on the guitar, people can accompany or give a rhythm pattern to the song according to the feelings that someone wants. This can make listeners feel happy, sad, and other feelings. the meaning of the lyrics is someone who shows his sad feelings through the musical instrument he plays. Datum 10 let the love we have live on In this lyric, the personification can be seen in the words "let the love we have live". Meanwhile, according to Oxford Learner's Dictionaries, love is a form of inanimate object which means a very strong feeling of love and care for someone or something. this means that it is as if you are in love with one of the characteristics of humans, namely life. the meaning of the lyrics above is someone who wants to keep the love they have forever. c) Metonymy In this section, the researcher digs deeper into the meaning of sentences containing metonymy. Based on Perrine's theory, metonymy is a name change. As a literary device, it is a way of replacing an object or idea with something identical to it. In Miguel's "Remember me" there is sentence that belong to metonymy. Datum 11 IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 763 Until you're in my arms again In this lyric, metonymy can be seen in the words "until you’re in my arms again". the word arm in the lyrics does not mean a real arm but a hug. 2. Michelle Williams (2017) – A Million Dreams a) Hyperbole In this part the researcher gives the explanation about the meaning of a sentence in the song lyric containing hyperbole. The researcher found three hyperbole sentence. Datum 12 I close my eyes and I can see This lyric includes a hyperbole because a person can't see anything in a closed eyes, but it means that when someone close their eyes and can see it means that many things can be imagined. Datum 13 A million dreams are keeping me awake This lyric is hyperbole because dreams are things that can only be felt in a state of sleep. what is meant here is a dream as a hope that is being pursued by someone. Datum 14 The brightest colors fill my head The lyrics of the song is a hyperbole which is clearly unreasonable, because the bright colors that fill a person's head are an idea or dream meaning that many have thought of in that person's head. b) Personification In this part, the researcher delves deeper into the meaning of the sentence that includes personification. Personification, as discussed in Chapter 2, is figurative language that assigns human characteristics to an animal, an object, or an idea. In Michelle Williams’s "A million dreams" there is sentence that can have classified as personification. Datum 15 The world that's waiting up for me In this lyric, the personification can be seen in the words "the world that’s waiting up for me". The world can’t wait for a person, because the world is the whole world of the universe. the meaning of this lyric is to motivate oneself to keep going and believe in the dream that will be achieved as if the world is waiting for it to achieve that dream. c) Paradox In this part the researcher gives the explanation about the meaning of a sentence in the song lyric containing paradox. The researcher found a paradox sentence. Datum 16 We can live in a world that we design In this lyric, the paradox is seen in the words “we can live in a world that we design”. as the view of people in general, who can design the world is only God, not humans. this is very contrary to the general view or the existing truth. d) Simile In Michelle Williams's "A million dreams" there is sentence that is classified as simile. In this part, the researcher delves deeper into the meaning of the statement that include simile. As described in Chapter two, Wisran1 Figurative Language Used in Children’s Songs in the 1990s and 2000s 764 simile is a figurative language that compares two completely distinct things. Datum 17 Through where no one's been before, but it feels like home It has an expression using the word “like” followed by the word “home” as a parable. The meaning of the word “home” from the sentence, the house is the most comfortable place. 3. Brian Wilson (2015) – A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes a) Metaphor In this part the researcher gives further analysis about the meaning of the sentence contains metaphor. As mentioned by Perrine, metaphor is comparison holds merely in the realm of imagination. There are sentences categorized as metaphor in Brian Wilson’s “A dream is a wish your heart makes “. Datum 18 A dream is a wish your heart makes When you're fast asleep In dreams you will lose your heartaches Whatever you wish for, you keep Some of the lyrics above are a kind of metaphor because compares dream with a strong desire. The extended metaphor of the entire lyrics above means that when a person has a dream which turns into desire, one must never give up. The lyrics also expresses that all the disappointments are lost in the dreams, hence at times, dreams are better than realities. b) Personification In this part, the researcher delves deeper into the meaning of the sentence that includes personification. Personification, as discussed in Chapter 2, is figurative language that assigns human characteristics to an animal, an object, or an idea. In Brian Wilson’s "A dream is a wish your heart makes," there are two sentences that might be classified as personification. Datum 19 Your rainbow will come smiling through In this lyric, the personification can be seen in the words "your rainbow will come smiling through". According to Sir Isaac Newton, a rainbow is a spectrum that results from the bending of incoming light through a prism. It contains seven basic colors. it can be said that a rainbow is an inanimate object that will not be possible to smile as it is known that a smile is an expression of lip movements that only living things can do. The meaning of this lyric is that one must believe that a day of happiness will come when the time has come. Datum 20 To find fortune that is smiling on you In this lyric, the personification can be seen in the words "To find fortune smiling at you". the meaning of this lyric is how one will find luck, or success, and good things will happen. 4. Celine Dion (2017) – How Does a Moment Last Forever a) Personification In this part, the researcher delves deeper into the meaning of the sentence that includes personification. Personification, as discussed in Chapter 2, is figurative language that assigns human characteristics to an animal, an object, or an idea. In Celine Dion’s "How does a moment last IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 765 forever," there is a sentence that might be classified as personification. Datum 21 Then when the shadows overtake us The personification in this lyric can be seen in the sentence "then when the shadow chases us". This is personification because the shadow will not be able to chase like a human. Shadows can't do anything that humans do like running, walking, and so on. So this personifies the image as if it were human and nonsensical. the meaning of this lyric is someone who is afraid to be haunted by his past memories. Datum 22 How can a story never die? The sentence above is personification because a story is something considered as humans who also experience death. Meanwhile, according to Oxford Learners Dictionaries, stories are events and people created by writers or speakers to entertain people. So this personifies the story as if it were a human who experienced death. The meaning of this lyric is to want a story that will never end and last forever b) Hyperbole In this part the researcher gives the explanation about the meaning of a sentence in the song lyric containing hyperbole. The researcher found hyperbole in a sentence. Datum 23 How does a moment last forever? Hyperbole can be seen in this sentence when someone wants to have a moment that will not end and wants to last forever, this shows that the person is so happy that he doesn't want to feel the end of the moment he feels. but in reality every moment will surely find the end either a sad or happy ending. c) Simile In Celine Dion's "How does a moment last forever," there is a sentence that are classified as simile. In this part, the researcher delves deeper into the meaning of the statement that includes simile. As described in Chapter two, simile is a figurative language that compares two completely distinct things. Datum 24 Love pays no mind to desolation It flows like a river through the soul In the above lyrics "Love doesn't care about sadness" It flows like a river through the soul. The parable of the lyrics can be seen referring to love which is an abstract noun, on the other hand love compares to a river of different things which are concrete nouns. the meaning of the lyrics is the feeling of someone who, even though he feels sad, is disappointed with the person he loves but still loves his partner. Don't care about any sorrow but see the power of love that the person lives. b) Contextual meanings of figurative language used in children’s songs in the 1990s 1. Christina Aguilera (1998) – Reflection a) Hyperbole The researcher explains the hyperbole-containing line in this part. According to Perrine, the hyperbole is clearly an exaggeration in the name https://www.definitions.net/definition/shadows https://www.definitions.net/definition/story https://www.definitions.net/definition/moment https://www.definitions.net/definition/flows https://www.definitions.net/definition/river Wisran1 Figurative Language Used in Children’s Songs in the 1990s and 2000s 766 of reality. It made the reader think in a different way than most people do. There is a line that contain hyperbole, according to the researcher. Datum 33 I can fool the world But I cannot fool my heart The lyrics are hyperbole because it seems that one person can fool the world. Oxford learner's dictionaries define stupid as someone who behaves or speaks in a way that lacks intelligence or good judgment. while the world according to Oxford learner's dictionaries is the earth, with all its countries, societies and natural features. It clearly doesn't make sense if one person can fool the world, because it is impossible for humans to be able to fool entire countries, even nature itself. The meaning of this lyric is a girl who feels sad and ashamed because she wants to show who she really is to the world but the girl is afraid to disappoint anyone. b) Personification In this part, the researcher delves deeper into the meaning of the sentence that includes personification. Personification, as discussed in Chapter 2, is figurative language that assigns human characteristics to an animal, an object, or an idea. In Christina Aguilera’s "Reflection," there are sentences that might be classified as personification. Datum 34 There's a heart that must be free to fly The personification in this lyric can be seen in the sentence "There is a heart that must be free to fly". It personifies the heart as if it were a bird whereas the heart is an inanimate object that cannot do anything like a bird. the meaning of this lyric is someone who wants to have freedom. Datum 35 In a world where I have to hide my heart The personification in this lyric can be seen in the sentence "In a world where I have to hide my heart". The Oxford learner's dictionaries definition hide is a verb to place or keep someone/something in a place where they/the thing cannot be seen and found. it can be concluded that the heart is an inanimate object that cannot hide like a human or a living object. the meaning of this lyric is someone who feels pain and disappointment. 2. Pocahontas (1995) – Colors of The Wind a) Personification In this part, the researcher delves deeper into the meaning of the sentence that includes personification. Personification, as discussed in Chapter 2, is figurative language that assigns human characteristics to an animal, an object, or an idea. Pocahontas’s "Colors of the wind," there are three sentences that might be classified as personification. Datum 36 But I know every rock and tree and creature Has a life, has a spirit, has a name The first personification can be seen in the sentence “but I know every rock and tree and creature It has life, has spirit, has a name”. The sentence personifies stone living things like humans, and plants that has life, spirit, and a name. but in fact, according to Oxford learner's dictionaries rock is an inanimate object that has a hard solid material that IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 767 forms part of the surface of the earth and several other planets. So the sentence that stones have life, spirit and names makes no sense. Subjects are inanimate objects that cannot do human things and clearly contain personification. the meaning of this lyric is that every object, and living being is the same which has life, soul, and name. Datum 37 Can you sing with all the voices of the mountain? The second personification can be seen in the sentence “Can you sing with all the voices of the mountain?”. The fact is that mountains do not have voices like humans and animals even though they are living things, but mountains cannot sound like humans. The meaning of this lyric is someone who wants to tell everyone that there is a mountain sound that people actually don't know but it's not like a human voice. but only a sound is issued when the mountain is experiencing an explosion, eruption and other things. Datum 38 The rainstorm and the river are my brothers The heron and the otter are my friends The third personification can be seen in the sentence “Rainstorms and rivers are my brothers, the heron and the otter are my friends”. The fact is that rainstorm and rivers are not humans who can be made friends, nor are heron and otters who can be friends. Brothers and friends are very closely related to the characteristics of humans. The meaning of this lyric is someone who is comfortable with the life of the universe so that everything he goes through is seen as a brother and friend who always accompanies around him. b) Metaphor In this part the researcher gives further analysis about the meaning of the sentence contains metaphor. As mentioned by Perrine, metaphor is comparison holds merely in the realm of imagination. There is a sentence categorized as metaphor in Pocahontas’s “Colors of the wind.” Datum 39 The Earth is just a dead thing you can claim In this line, the songwriter uses a metaphor to compare “earth” to an inanimate object. The word “earth” in this sentence represents the world, the planet where we live. this is in accordance with the earth which is an inanimate object as a place to live also has a lot of natural beauty that can be enjoyed so as to provide a sense of comfort for everyone. the meaning of the lyrics is to tell that the earth is a place that must be recognized by all creatures in it. c) Symbol In this part, researcher provides further analysis of the meaning of sentences containing symbols. As mentioned by Perrine, Symbolism is the use of symbols to signify concepts and qualities, giving them a symbolic meaning that is different from the literal meaning. In the lyrics of this song, there is one lyric that is categorized as a symbol in Katy Perry's "Firework". Datum 40 Can you paint with all the colors of the wind? In the lyrics there is a parable symbol that show that the colors of the wind are symbols of the diversity of cultures, people, landscapes and others Wisran1 Figurative Language Used in Children’s Songs in the 1990s and 2000s 768 that make the world colorful and beautiful. This lyric means that people should realize how vast the world is, the breadth of what one knows about the earth that one knows, how rich the diversity of nature and culture one finds, and how many flavors one can absorb and kiss deeply through all of his senses. d) Hyperbole The researcher explains the hyperbole-containing line in this part. According to Perrine, the hyperbole is clearly an exaggeration in the name of reality. It made the reader think in a different way than most people do. There is a line that contain hyperbole, according to the researcher. Datum 41 You can own the Earth and still The lyrics of the song are hyperbole that clearly doesn't make sense, because it conveys a person's sense of comfort for what he feels and experiences as if he could own the earth with all its natural wealth. The meaning of the lyrics above is that a person must be aware of what is around him, and take care of all the natural wealth owned by the earth. 3. Randy Newman (1995) – You’ve Got a Friend in Me a) Hyperbole The researcher explains the hyperbole-containing line in this part. According to Perrine, the hyperbole is clearly an exaggeration in the name of reality. It made the reader think in a different way than most people do. There is a line that contain hyperbole, according to the researcher. Datum 43 When the road looks rough ahead And you're miles and miles The lyrics above include hyperbole because someone who expresses a difficult road becomes rough and a long distance is exaggerated into miles. The meaning of this lyric is a person who tells the story of his friendship about what they will face and what they are going through. b) Personification In this part, the researcher delves deeper into the meaning of the sentence that includes personification. Personification, as discussed in Chapter 2, is figurative language that assigns human characteristics to an animal, an object, or an idea. Randy Newman’s "you’ve got a friend in me," there is a sentence that might be classified as personification. Datum 44 Our friendship will never die The lyrics of the song above personify friendly relations with human characteristics, namely death. In fact, friendship according to Oxford learner's dictionaries is a relationship between friends which means an object that is not living so it can not die like a human. The meaning of this lyric is someone who wants friendship forever. 4. Alan Menken (1996)– Heaven’s Light/Hellfire a) Simile In Alan Menken's "Heaven’s light/hellfire," there is a sentence that is classified as simile. In this part, the researcher delves deeper into the meaning of the statement that includes simile. As described in Chapter two, simile is a figurative language that compares two completely distinct things. Datum 45 IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 769 They had a kind of glow around them It almost looked like heaven's light The parable in the lyrics above is an explicit comparison that compares glow to the light of heaven. in this line the songwriter uses figurative language with the word "light of heaven". According to the Oxford student dictionary, glow is something hot or warm to produce a steady light that is not too bright, while light is energy from the sun, lamps, etc. that makes it possible to see something. This clearly equates one thing with another. the meaning of this poem the author describes someone who sees the light of love and wants to get happiness like heaven's happiness. b) Metaphor In this part the researcher gives further analysis about the meaning of the sentence contains metaphor. As mentioned by Perrine, metaphor is comparison holds merely in the realm of imagination. There is a sentence categorized as metaphor in Alan Menken’s “heaven’s light/hellfire”. Datum 46 He made the devil so much Stronger than a man In the above lyric "he made the devil so much stronger than a man" it describes a demon who has a higher level of power than a man. According to Oxford learner's dictionaries, the devil is the most powerful evil creature, while the male is only a human with limitations. the meaning of the lyric is to express the devil as a temptation or a power of desire that he cannot deny his love for the girl he wants. c) Personification In this part, the researcher delves deeper into the meaning of the sentence that includes personification. Personification, as discussed in Chapter 2, is figurative language that assigns human characteristics to an animal, an object, or an idea. In Alan Menken’s "heaven’s light/hellfire," there is a sentence that might be classified as personification. Datum 47 Don't let this siren cast her spell The song lyrics above personify the siren with human language, namely speaking or speaking. while the siren in Oxford learner’s dictionaries is a device or device that emits a long loud sound as a signal or warning. In this case the siren does make a sound but does not speak or speak like a human. the meaning of the lyrics is someone who wants to stick with what is right and wants to fight the desires that always bother him. d) Paradox In this part the researcher gives the explanation about the meaning of a sentence in the song lyric containing paradox. The researcher found a paradox sentence. Datum 48 My cold dark tower seems so bright In this lyric, the paradox is seen in the words “My cold dark tower looks so bright”. In this sentence the word dark with light is a contradiction, although the statement is true but false at the same time because dark and light will not occur together. the meaning of this lyric is a place so dark has Wisran1 Figurative Language Used in Children’s Songs in the 1990s and 2000s 770 light. Discussion This discussion describes the data that the researcher has found and analyzed in the previous chapter, also answers the researcher's questions in chapter one. First, this discussion is about the types of figurative language in children's songs in the 1990s and 2000s, and the second explanation the contextual meaning of figurative language used in children's songs in the 1990s and 2000s. There are several types of figurative language used in the lyrics of children's songs in the 1990s and 2000s such as simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, paradox, symbolic, and irony. The most dominant figurative language found in 1990s children's songs is the type of personification, while the most dominant figurative language found in 2000s children's songs is hyperbole. Personification is a figurative language that gives human attributes to animals, objects or concepts. Personification is the depiction in other literary works of objects or non- humans (inanimate objects) both observable and abstract which are seen as if they were human (Perrine 1988:565). Researchers found the most dominant type of personification in 1990s children's songs. Some writers express their feelings in song lyrics by giving human attributes to the items that are highlighted. And then hyperbole is a figurative language using words that has a greater meaning than the actual sense or context, not necessarily stating something or a situation (Perrine 1988:565). Researchers found the most types of hyperbole in the 2000s children's songs analyzed. Some songwriters use hyperbole to emphasize an overstatement, to exaggerate an event rather than a fact, and to show strong feelings to convince listeners. Then, the listener can be convinced through the description of the word itself. After analyzing and explaining the data in children's songs in the 1990s and 2000s, the researcher tries to understand the contextual meaning of each lyric which belongs to the figurative language type. The researcher selected twelve songs each consisting of 6 songs in the 1990s and 2000s. The 1990s song titles included in the research data include: Reflection, Colors of the wind, You've got a friend in me, Heaven's light, When she loved me, and Stand out. The 2000s song titles included in the research data include: Firework, Remember me, A million dreams, A dream is a wish your heart makes, How does a moment last forever, and Let it go. In addition, the researchers compared the results of the study with similar previous studies. The first researcher is Damayanti. Damayanti in 2018 has analyzed the figurative language in the novel The Book of Forbidden Feelings written by Lala Bohang. This research focuses on simile, metaphor, personification, apostrophe, hyperbole, metonymy, symbol, and irony. In analyzing the data, he used a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study indicate that the researcher found that there are 5 types of figurative language used in the novel. They are simile, personification, metaphor, apostrophe, and hyperbole. The meaning of figurative language is described based on the clues of each sentence that goes into its type and the contextual meaning of figurative language. The second study was taken from Juniartini. Juniartini in 2014 has also analyzed the figurative language used in the lyrics of Paramore's songs in Brand New Eyes. After the data is analyzed and discussed, it can be ascertained that there are types of figurative language used in the lyrics of their five songs: hyperbole, metaphor, personification, simile. In addition, there are seven types of meaning analyzed in this study, namely: conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, collocative meaning, and thematic meaning. Another study is a 2014 study by Yulidar which analyzes the figurative language used in Owl City's Albums: A Pragmatics Perspective. This research uses pragmatics approach to find out the illocutionary act. The objects of the research are lyrics in the Owl City’s album entitled Ocean Eyes and Maybe I’m Dreaming which consist of 19 songs. In collecting data, IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 771 writer uses the document. The data in this research are figurative language, they are metaphor, simile, personification, symbol, paradox, and hyperbole. The illocutionary meanings are thanking, asserting, stating, suggesting, boasting, complaining, ordering, requesting, advising, recommending, blaming, praising, and condoling. From the collected data, the writer finds 50 data. Based on the research finding, the writer found that figurative language of hyperbole is the most appeared in the lyric of Owl City’s albums. Then, Personification, Simile, Metaphor, Symbol and the last is Paradox. The figurative language of hyperbole is most appearing in the Owl City’s song because the characteristic of the song- writer uses excessive words to express his feel to be a song. The next research finding is the illocution of the figurative language. Meanwhile, in this study, the researcher conducted the same research or analysis as the previous researcher. However, the researcher aims to find certain things that are different from previous research. Research was conducted on children's songs in the 1990s and 2000s. The focus of this research focuses on twelve types of figurative language, but the researcher only found seven of the twelve types of figurative language in the analyzed song lyrics. In contrast to previous studies, this study focuses on examining the meaning of figurative language contextually. Contextual meaning arises as a result of the relationship between utterances with context. The word context includes the part of the description or sentence that support or add to the meaning of a word. A speech the same person can understand the different if the context different. Based on the data that has been obtained, the meaning of each figurative language in the discussion in this study will be described. 4. Conclusion Based on the research findings, the figurative languages used in children’s songs in the 1990s and 2000s include, Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Hyperbole, Paradox, Irony. 1. Simile In this study, this type of figurative language can be found in the songs Heaven light/Hellfire and Stand Out for children's songs in the 1990s and in the songs Firework, A million dreams, How does a moment last forever and Let it Go for children's songs in the 2000s. In this type of figurative language, a situation is described by comparing it to something else. One example, in the song Let it Go in the sentence The wind is howling like this swirling storm inside, the meaning contained in it is an explicit comparison that compares the wind to a swirling storm. In this line the songwriter uses figurative language in the word “swirling storm”. According to the Oxford Learner's Online Dictionary, the definition of a storm is severe weather with strong winds and rain, and is often accompanied by thunder and lightning. In other words, someone who is experiencing chaos. 2. Metaphor Metaphor is used to help the writer describe things clearly, by comparing one thing with other things that have the same characteristics and characteristics. The difference between metaphor and simile is that metaphorical figurative language is implicit. While the simile is explicit. In this study, this type of figurative Language can be found in the songs Colors of the wind, Heaven light/Hellfire and stand out for the 1990s children's song and Firework, and A dream is a wish your heart makes for the 2000s children's song. The contextual meaning contained in this type of figurative language can be seen in one of the stanzas in the song Colors of the wind. In the sentence The Earth is just a dead thing you can claim, the songwriter uses a metaphor to compare “earth” to an inanimate object. The word “earth” in this sentence represents the world, the planet where we live. this is in accordance with the earth which is an inanimate object as a place to live also has a lot of natural beauty Wisran1 Figurative Language Used in Children’s Songs in the 1990s and 2000s 772 that can be enjoyed so as to provide a sense of comfort for everyone. the meaning of the lyrics is to tell that the earth is a place that must be recognized by all creatures in it. 3. Personification Personification is a figurative language that attaches the characteristics of living things to inanimate objects. In this study, this type of figurative language can be found in the songs Reflection, Colors of the wind, You've got a friend in me, Heaven light/Hellfire and When She Loved me for children's songs in the 1990s and in the song Firework, Remember me, A million. dreams, How does a moment last forever, Let it Go and A dream is a wish your heart makes for a 2000s children's song. In the sentence Let the storm rage on in the song let it go it can be interpreted that this storm equates nature with living things. the meaning of the lyric is someone who is experiencing uncontrollable anger and let it go through inner turmoil, feelings of anxiety and restlessness. 4. Hyperbole This figurative language aims to suppress, intensify, or give an exaggerated impression in this study. This type of figurative language can be found in the songs Reflection, Colors of the wind, You've got a friend in me, for the 1990s children's song and in the song Firework, Remember me, A million dreams, How does a moment last forever, Let it Go and for the 2000s children's song. In the sentence I hold you in my heart in the song Remember me, it can be interpreted simply that someone who wants to hug, but through his heart. 5. Paradox In this study, this type of figurative language can be found in the song Heaven light/Hellfire for a children's song in the 1990s and in the song Firework, A million dreams for a children's song in the 2000s. A simile that compares the real situation or fact with the opposite situation can be seen in the verse My cold dark tower seems so bright in the song Heaven light/Hellfire. 6. Symbol Symbol using language styles that compare humans with the attitudes of other living creatures in the form of expressions in this study this type of figurative language can be found in the Colors of the wind song, and stand out for the 1990s children's song and Firework for the 2000s children's song. In the sentence Like the Fourth of July in the song Firework it can be interpreted that there is a parable symbol which shows that like the fourth of July is the date of independence of the United States of America. Where the lyrics mean that make that night a day of independence for yourself and light the fire of passion to make it shine as bright as possible. 7. Irony Used to hide facts and say otherwise. In this study, this type of figurative language can be found in the song Colors of the wind, and stand out for the 1990s children's song and Firework for the 2000s children's song. 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