id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ideas-8101	1	1	microsoft	microsoft	PROPN
ideas-8101	1	2	word	word	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	3	8101	8101	NUM
ideas-8101	1	4	6032	6032	NUM
ideas-8101	1	5	copyright	copyright	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	6	©	©	PROPN
ideas-8101	1	7	2025	2025	NUM
ideas-8101	1	8	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	1	9	author	author	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	10	ideas	idea	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	11	is	be	AUX
ideas-8101	1	12	licensed	license	VERB
ideas-8101	1	13	under	under	ADP
ideas-8101	1	14	cc	cc	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	15	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	1	16	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	1	17	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	1	18	sa	sa	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	19	4.0	4.0	NUM
ideas-8101	1	20	license	license	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	21	issued	issue	VERB
ideas-8101	1	22	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	1	23	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	1	24	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	25	program	program	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	26	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	1	27	iain	iain	PROPN
ideas-8101	1	28	palopo	palopo	PROPN
ideas-8101	1	29	ideas	ideas	PROPN
ideas-8101	1	30	journal	journal	PROPN
ideas-8101	1	31	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	1	32	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	33	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	34	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	1	35	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	36	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	1	37	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	38	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	1	39	literature	literature	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	40	issn	issn	PROPN
ideas-8101	1	41	2338	2338	NUM
ideas-8101	1	42	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	1	43	4778	4778	NUM
ideas-8101	1	44	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	1	45	print	print	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	46	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	1	47	issn	issn	VERB
ideas-8101	1	48	2548	2548	NUM
ideas-8101	1	49	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	1	50	4192	4192	NUM
ideas-8101	1	51	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	1	52	online	online	ADJ
ideas-8101	1	53	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	1	54	volume	volume	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	55	13	13	NUM
ideas-8101	1	56	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	1	57	number	number	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	58	2	2	NUM
ideas-8101	1	59	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	1	60	december	december	PROPN
ideas-8101	1	61	2025	2025	NUM
ideas-8101	1	62	pp	pp	NOUN
ideas-8101	1	63	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	2	1	6049	6049	NUM
ideas-8101	2	2	6058	6058	NUM
ideas-8101	2	3	exploring	explore	VERB
ideas-8101	2	4	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	5	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	6	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	2	7	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	8	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	2	9	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	10	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	2	11	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	2	12	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	13	ayu	ayu	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	14	andira1	andira1	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	15	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	2	16	hariadi	hariadi	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	17	syam2	syam2	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	18	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	2	19	alifia	alifia	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	20	pratiwi3	pratiwi3	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	21	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	2	22	ray	ray	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	23	suryadi4	suryadi4	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	24	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	2	25	rais	rais	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	26	abin5	abin5	X
ideas-8101	2	27	1,2,3,4,5	1,2,3,4,5	NUM
ideas-8101	2	28	ilmu	ilmu	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	29	pendidikan	pendidikan	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	30	bahasa	bahasa	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	31	inggris	inggris	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	32	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	2	33	universitas	universita	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	34	sembilanbelas	sembilanbelas	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	35	november	november	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	36	kolaka	kolaka	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	37	corresponding	correspond	VERB
ideas-8101	2	38	e	e	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	39	-	-	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	40	mail	mail	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	41	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	2	42	ayuandiraa953@gmail.com	ayuandiraa953@gmail.com	X
ideas-8101	2	43	received	receive	VERB
ideas-8101	2	44	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	2	45	2025	2025	NUM
ideas-8101	2	46	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	2	47	10	10	NUM
ideas-8101	2	48	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	2	49	01	01	NUM
ideas-8101	2	50	accepted	accept	VERB
ideas-8101	2	51	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	2	52	2025	2025	NUM
ideas-8101	2	53	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	2	54	11	11	NUM
ideas-8101	2	55	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	2	56	03	03	NUM
ideas-8101	2	57	doi	doi	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	58	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	2	59	10.24256	10.24256	NUM
ideas-8101	2	60	/	/	SYM
ideas-8101	2	61	ideas.v13i2.8101	ideas.v13i2.8101	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	62	abstract	abstract	ADV
ideas-8101	2	63	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	2	64	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	65	explores	explore	VERB
ideas-8101	2	66	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	67	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	68	’	’	PART
ideas-8101	2	69	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	70	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	2	71	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	2	72	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	2	73	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	2	74	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	2	75	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	76	application	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	2	77	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	3	1	employing	employ	VERB
ideas-8101	3	2	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	3	3	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ideas-8101	3	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
ideas-8101	3	5	design	design	NOUN
ideas-8101	3	6	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	3	7	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	3	8	research	research	NOUN
ideas-8101	3	9	involved	involve	VERB
ideas-8101	3	10	15	15	NUM
ideas-8101	3	11	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	3	12	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	3	13	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	3	14	at	at	ADP
ideas-8101	3	15	universitas	universita	NOUN
ideas-8101	3	16	sembilanbelas	sembilanbelas	PROPN
ideas-8101	3	17	november	november	PROPN
ideas-8101	3	18	kolaka	kolaka	PROPN
ideas-8101	3	19	over	over	ADP
ideas-8101	3	20	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	3	21	sixweek	sixweek	ADJ
ideas-8101	3	22	data	data	NOUN
ideas-8101	3	23	collection	collection	NOUN
ideas-8101	3	24	period	period	NOUN
ideas-8101	3	25	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	4	1	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	4	2	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	4	3	gathered	gather	VERB
ideas-8101	4	4	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	4	5	semi	semi	ADJ
ideas-8101	4	6	-	-	ADJ
ideas-8101	4	7	structured	structured	ADJ
ideas-8101	4	8	interviews	interview	NOUN
ideas-8101	4	9	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	4	10	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ideas-8101	4	11	observations	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	4	12	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	4	13	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	4	14	then	then	ADV
ideas-8101	4	15	analyzed	analyze	VERB
ideas-8101	4	16	thematically	thematically	ADV
ideas-8101	4	17	using	use	VERB
ideas-8101	4	18	braun	braun	NOUN
ideas-8101	4	19	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	4	20	clarke	clarke	PROPN
ideas-8101	4	21	’s	’s	PART
ideas-8101	4	22	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	4	23	2006	2006	NUM
ideas-8101	4	24	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	4	25	six	six	NUM
ideas-8101	4	26	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	4	27	phase	phase	NOUN
ideas-8101	4	28	approach	approach	NOUN
ideas-8101	4	29	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	4	30	guided	guide	VERB
ideas-8101	4	31	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	4	32	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	4	33	constructivist	constructivist	ADJ
ideas-8101	4	34	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	4	35	framework	framework	NOUN
ideas-8101	4	36	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	5	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	5	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ideas-8101	5	3	identified	identify	VERB
ideas-8101	5	4	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	5	5	’	’	PART
ideas-8101	5	6	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ideas-8101	5	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	5	8	perceived	perceive	VERB
ideas-8101	5	9	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ideas-8101	5	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	5	11	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	5	12	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ideas-8101	5	13	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	5	14	using	use	VERB
ideas-8101	5	15	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	5	16	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	5	17	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	5	18	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	5	19	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	5	20	tool	tool	NOUN
ideas-8101	5	21	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	6	1	findings	finding	NOUN
ideas-8101	6	2	revealed	reveal	VERB
ideas-8101	6	3	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	6	4	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	6	5	enhanced	enhance	VERB
ideas-8101	6	6	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	6	7	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	6	8	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
ideas-8101	6	9	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
ideas-8101	6	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	6	11	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	6	12	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	6	13	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	6	14	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	6	15	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
ideas-8101	6	16	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	6	17	habits	habit	NOUN
ideas-8101	6	18	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	7	1	however	however	ADV
ideas-8101	7	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	7	3	participants	participant	NOUN
ideas-8101	7	4	also	also	ADV
ideas-8101	7	5	reported	report	VERB
ideas-8101	7	6	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ideas-8101	7	7	such	such	ADJ
ideas-8101	7	8	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	7	9	repetitive	repetitive	ADJ
ideas-8101	7	10	exercises	exercise	NOUN
ideas-8101	7	11	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	7	12	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
ideas-8101	7	13	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ideas-8101	7	14	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	7	15	communicative	communicative	ADJ
ideas-8101	7	16	speaking	speaking	NOUN
ideas-8101	7	17	practice	practice	NOUN
ideas-8101	7	18	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	7	19	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	7	20	reliance	reliance	NOUN
ideas-8101	7	21	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	7	22	internet	internet	NOUN
ideas-8101	7	23	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
ideas-8101	7	24	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	8	1	results	result	NOUN
ideas-8101	8	2	indicate	indicate	VERB
ideas-8101	8	3	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	8	4	while	while	SCONJ
ideas-8101	8	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	8	6	can	can	AUX
ideas-8101	8	7	effectively	effectively	ADV
ideas-8101	8	8	supplement	supplement	VERB
ideas-8101	8	9	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	8	10	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	8	11	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	8	12	it	it	PRON
ideas-8101	8	13	is	be	AUX
ideas-8101	8	14	most	most	ADV
ideas-8101	8	15	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ
ideas-8101	8	16	when	when	SCONJ
ideas-8101	8	17	integrated	integrate	VERB
ideas-8101	8	18	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	8	19	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ideas-8101	8	20	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	8	21	based	base	VERB
ideas-8101	8	22	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ideas-8101	8	23	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	8	24	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ideas-8101	8	25	guidance	guidance	NOUN
ideas-8101	8	26	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	9	1	overall	overall	ADV
ideas-8101	9	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	9	3	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	9	4	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	9	5	underscores	underscore	VERB
ideas-8101	9	6	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	9	7	importance	importance	NOUN
ideas-8101	9	8	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	9	9	combining	combine	VERB
ideas-8101	9	10	digital	digital	ADJ
ideas-8101	9	11	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	9	12	applications	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	9	13	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	9	14	formal	formal	ADJ
ideas-8101	9	15	educational	educational	ADJ
ideas-8101	9	16	contexts	context	NOUN
ideas-8101	9	17	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	9	18	maximize	maximize	VERB
ideas-8101	9	19	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	9	20	development	development	NOUN
ideas-8101	9	21	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	9	22	learner	learner	NOUN
ideas-8101	9	23	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	9	24	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	10	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
ideas-8101	10	2	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	10	3	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	10	4	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	10	5	efl	efl	PROPN
ideas-8101	10	6	language	language	PROPN
ideas-8101	10	7	learning	learning	PROPN
ideas-8101	10	8	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	10	9	student	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	10	10	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	10	11	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	11	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ideas-8101	11	2	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	11	3	today	today	NOUN
ideas-8101	11	4	’s	’s	PART
ideas-8101	11	5	digital	digital	ADJ
ideas-8101	11	6	era	era	NOUN
ideas-8101	11	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	11	8	mobile	mobile	ADJ
ideas-8101	11	9	technology	technology	NOUN
ideas-8101	11	10	has	have	AUX
ideas-8101	11	11	become	become	VERB
ideas-8101	11	12	an	an	DET
ideas-8101	11	13	integral	integral	ADJ
ideas-8101	11	14	part	part	NOUN
ideas-8101	11	15	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	11	16	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	11	17	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	11	18	transforming	transform	VERB
ideas-8101	11	19	how	how	SCONJ
ideas-8101	11	20	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	11	21	learn	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	11	22	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	11	23	interact	interact	VERB
ideas-8101	11	24	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	11	25	information	information	NOUN
ideas-8101	11	26	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	12	1	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	12	2	recent	recent	ADJ
ideas-8101	12	3	survey	survey	NOUN
ideas-8101	12	4	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	12	5	statista	statista	NOUN
ideas-8101	12	6	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	12	7	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	12	8	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	12	9	revealed	reveal	VERB
ideas-8101	12	10	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	12	11	over	over	ADP
ideas-8101	12	12	80	80	NUM
ideas-8101	12	13	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	12	14	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	12	15	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	12	16	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	12	17	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	12	18	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
ideas-8101	12	19	use	use	VERB
ideas-8101	12	20	mobile	mobile	ADJ
ideas-8101	12	21	applications	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	12	22	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	12	23	support	support	VERB
ideas-8101	12	24	their	their	PRON
ideas-8101	12	25	studies	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	12	26	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	12	27	including	include	VERB
ideas-8101	12	28	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	12	29	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	12	30	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	13	1	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	13	2	growing	grow	VERB
ideas-8101	13	3	reliance	reliance	NOUN
ideas-8101	13	4	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	13	5	technology	technology	NOUN
ideas-8101	13	6	highlights	highlight	NOUN
ideas-8101	13	7	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	13	8	increasing	increase	VERB
ideas-8101	13	9	importance	importance	NOUN
ideas-8101	13	10	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	13	11	digital	digital	ADJ
ideas-8101	13	12	platforms	platform	NOUN
ideas-8101	13	13	such	such	ADJ
ideas-8101	13	14	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	13	15	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	13	16	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	13	17	which	which	PRON
ideas-8101	13	18	has	have	AUX
ideas-8101	13	19	revolutionized	revolutionize	VERB
ideas-8101	13	20	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	13	21	process	process	NOUN
ideas-8101	13	22	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	13	23	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	13	24	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	13	25	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	13	26	interactive	interactive	ADJ
ideas-8101	13	27	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	13	28	game	game	NOUN
ideas-8101	13	29	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	13	30	based	base	VERB
ideas-8101	13	31	activities	activity	NOUN
ideas-8101	13	32	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	14	1	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	14	2	recent	recent	ADJ
ideas-8101	14	3	years	year	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	4	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	14	5	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	14	6	integration	integration	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	7	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	14	8	digital	digital	ADJ
ideas-8101	14	9	technology	technology	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	10	into	into	ADP
ideas-8101	14	11	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	12	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	13	ayu	ayu	PROPN
ideas-8101	14	14	andira	andira	PROPN
ideas-8101	14	15	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	14	16	hariadi	hariadi	ADJ
ideas-8101	14	17	syam	syam	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	18	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	14	19	alifia	alifia	ADJ
ideas-8101	14	20	pratiwi	pratiwi	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	21	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	14	22	ray	ray	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	23	suryadi	suryadi	PROPN
ideas-8101	14	24	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	14	25	rais	rais	PROPN
ideas-8101	14	26	abin	abin	PROPN
ideas-8101	14	27	exploring	explore	VERB
ideas-8101	14	28	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	29	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	30	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	14	31	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	32	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	14	33	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	14	34	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	14	35	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	14	36	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	37	6050	6050	NUM
ideas-8101	14	38	has	have	AUX
ideas-8101	14	39	brought	bring	VERB
ideas-8101	14	40	significant	significant	ADJ
ideas-8101	14	41	changes	change	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	42	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	14	43	how	how	SCONJ
ideas-8101	14	44	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	45	acquire	acquire	VERB
ideas-8101	14	46	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	14	47	skills	skill	NOUN
ideas-8101	14	48	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	15	1	mobileassisted	mobileassiste	VERB
ideas-8101	15	2	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	15	3	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	15	4	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	15	5	mall	mall	NOUN
ideas-8101	15	6	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	15	7	provides	provide	VERB
ideas-8101	15	8	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	15	9	highly	highly	ADV
ideas-8101	15	10	flexible	flexible	ADJ
ideas-8101	15	11	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	15	12	personalized	personalized	ADJ
ideas-8101	15	13	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	15	14	environment	environment	NOUN
ideas-8101	15	15	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	15	16	allowing	allow	VERB
ideas-8101	15	17	learners	learner	NOUN
ideas-8101	15	18	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	15	19	access	access	VERB
ideas-8101	15	20	materials	material	NOUN
ideas-8101	15	21	anytime	anytime	ADV
ideas-8101	15	22	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	15	23	anywhere	anywhere	ADV
ideas-8101	15	24	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	15	25	hasan	hasan	PROPN
ideas-8101	15	26	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	15	27	zarifa	zarifa	PROPN
ideas-8101	15	28	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	15	29	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	15	30	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	15	31	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	16	1	among	among	ADP
ideas-8101	16	2	these	these	DET
ideas-8101	16	3	tools	tool	NOUN
ideas-8101	16	4	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	16	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	16	6	has	have	AUX
ideas-8101	16	7	gained	gain	VERB
ideas-8101	16	8	widespread	widespread	ADJ
ideas-8101	16	9	popularity	popularity	NOUN
ideas-8101	16	10	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	16	11	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	16	12	free	free	ADJ
ideas-8101	16	13	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	16	14	accessible	accessible	ADJ
ideas-8101	16	15	platform	platform	NOUN
ideas-8101	16	16	designed	design	VERB
ideas-8101	16	17	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	16	18	enhance	enhance	VERB
ideas-8101	16	19	users	user	NOUN
ideas-8101	16	20	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	16	21	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
ideas-8101	16	22	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	16	23	grammar	grammar	NOUN
ideas-8101	16	24	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	16	25	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	16	26	reading	read	VERB
ideas-8101	16	27	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
ideas-8101	16	28	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	16	29	gamified	gamifie	VERB
ideas-8101	16	30	exercises	exercise	NOUN
ideas-8101	16	31	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	17	1	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	17	2	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	17	3	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	17	4	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	17	5	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ideas-8101	17	6	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	17	7	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	17	8	efl	efl	NOUN
ideas-8101	17	9	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	17	10	learners	learner	NOUN
ideas-8101	17	11	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	17	12	such	such	ADJ
ideas-8101	17	13	applications	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	17	14	offer	offer	VERB
ideas-8101	17	15	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ideas-8101	17	16	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	17	17	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
ideas-8101	17	18	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	17	19	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	17	20	increased	increase	VERB
ideas-8101	17	21	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	17	22	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	17	23	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	17	24	frequent	frequent	ADJ
ideas-8101	17	25	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	17	26	exposure	exposure	NOUN
ideas-8101	17	27	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	18	1	according	accord	VERB
ideas-8101	18	2	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	18	3	amin	amin	PROPN
ideas-8101	18	4	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	18	5	2021	2021	NUM
ideas-8101	18	6	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	18	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	18	8	duolingo	duolingo	PROPN
ideas-8101	18	9	’s	’s	PART
ideas-8101	18	10	gamification	gamification	NOUN
ideas-8101	18	11	features	feature	NOUN
ideas-8101	18	12	—	—	PUNCT
ideas-8101	18	13	such	such	ADJ
ideas-8101	18	14	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	18	15	leaderboards	leaderboard	NOUN
ideas-8101	18	16	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	18	17	achievements	achievement	NOUN
ideas-8101	18	18	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	18	19	points	point	NOUN
ideas-8101	18	20	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	18	21	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	18	22	levels	level	NOUN
ideas-8101	18	23	—	—	PUNCT
ideas-8101	18	24	significantly	significantly	ADV
ideas-8101	18	25	enhance	enhance	VERB
ideas-8101	18	26	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	18	27	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	18	28	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	18	29	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	18	30	turning	turn	VERB
ideas-8101	18	31	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	18	32	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	18	33	into	into	ADP
ideas-8101	18	34	an	an	DET
ideas-8101	18	35	enjoyable	enjoyable	ADJ
ideas-8101	18	36	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	18	37	rewarding	rewarding	ADJ
ideas-8101	18	38	experience	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	18	39	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	19	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ideas-8101	19	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	19	3	hawa	hawa	PROPN
ideas-8101	19	4	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	19	5	roslaini	roslaini	PROPN
ideas-8101	19	6	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	19	7	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	19	8	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	19	9	as	as	ADV
ideas-8101	19	10	well	well	ADV
ideas-8101	19	11	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	19	12	suryanto	suryanto	NOUN
ideas-8101	19	13	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	19	14	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	19	15	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	19	16	found	find	VERB
ideas-8101	19	17	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	19	18	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	19	19	maintains	maintain	VERB
ideas-8101	19	20	learners	learner	NOUN
ideas-8101	19	21	’	’	PART
ideas-8101	19	22	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	19	23	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	19	24	supports	support	VERB
ideas-8101	19	25	skill	skill	NOUN
ideas-8101	19	26	development	development	NOUN
ideas-8101	19	27	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	19	28	though	though	SCONJ
ideas-8101	19	29	its	its	PRON
ideas-8101	19	30	potential	potential	NOUN
ideas-8101	19	31	can	can	AUX
ideas-8101	19	32	be	be	AUX
ideas-8101	19	33	further	far	ADV
ideas-8101	19	34	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
ideas-8101	19	35	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	19	36	promoting	promote	VERB
ideas-8101	19	37	authentic	authentic	ADJ
ideas-8101	19	38	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	19	39	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	19	40	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	19	41	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
ideas-8101	19	42	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ideas-8101	19	43	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ideas-8101	19	44	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ideas-8101	20	2	these	these	DET
ideas-8101	20	3	advantages	advantage	NOUN
ideas-8101	20	4	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	5	many	many	ADJ
ideas-8101	20	6	indonesian	indonesian	ADJ
ideas-8101	20	7	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	20	8	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	20	9	continue	continue	VERB
ideas-8101	20	10	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	20	11	struggle	struggle	VERB
ideas-8101	20	12	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	20	13	mastering	master	VERB
ideas-8101	20	14	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	20	15	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	16	facing	face	VERB
ideas-8101	20	17	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ideas-8101	20	18	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ideas-8101	20	19	related	relate	VERB
ideas-8101	20	20	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	20	21	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
ideas-8101	20	22	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	23	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	20	24	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	25	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	20	26	preferences	preference	NOUN
ideas-8101	20	27	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	28	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
ideas-8101	20	29	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	30	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	20	31	socio	socio	NOUN
ideas-8101	20	32	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	33	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ideas-8101	20	34	factors	factor	NOUN
ideas-8101	20	35	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	36	grana	grana	NOUN
ideas-8101	20	37	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	38	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	20	39	;	;	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	40	pratiwi	pratiwi	NOUN
ideas-8101	20	41	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	20	42	sunardi	sunardi	PROPN
ideas-8101	20	43	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	44	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	20	45	;	;	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	46	ali	ali	PROPN
ideas-8101	20	47	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	20	48	faisal	faisal	PROPN
ideas-8101	20	49	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	50	2025	2025	NUM
ideas-8101	20	51	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	20	52	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	21	1	at	at	ADP
ideas-8101	21	2	universitas	universita	NOUN
ideas-8101	21	3	sembilanbelas	sembilanbelas	PROPN
ideas-8101	21	4	november	november	PROPN
ideas-8101	21	5	kolaka	kolaka	PROPN
ideas-8101	21	6	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	21	7	these	these	DET
ideas-8101	21	8	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ideas-8101	21	9	are	be	AUX
ideas-8101	21	10	particularly	particularly	ADV
ideas-8101	21	11	evident	evident	ADJ
ideas-8101	21	12	among	among	ADP
ideas-8101	21	13	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	21	14	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	21	15	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	21	16	who	who	PRON
ideas-8101	21	17	must	must	AUX
ideas-8101	21	18	balance	balance	VERB
ideas-8101	21	19	academic	academic	ADJ
ideas-8101	21	20	requirements	requirement	NOUN
ideas-8101	21	21	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	21	22	limited	limited	ADJ
ideas-8101	21	23	exposure	exposure	NOUN
ideas-8101	21	24	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	21	25	authentic	authentic	ADJ
ideas-8101	21	26	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	21	27	communication	communication	NOUN
ideas-8101	21	28	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	22	1	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	22	2	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	22	3	context	context	NOUN
ideas-8101	22	4	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	22	5	mobile	mobile	ADJ
ideas-8101	22	6	applications	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	22	7	like	like	ADP
ideas-8101	22	8	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	22	9	have	have	VERB
ideas-8101	22	10	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	22	11	potential	potential	NOUN
ideas-8101	22	12	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	22	13	supplement	supplement	VERB
ideas-8101	22	14	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ideas-8101	22	15	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ideas-8101	22	16	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	22	17	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	22	18	providing	provide	VERB
ideas-8101	22	19	engaging	engage	VERB
ideas-8101	22	20	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	22	21	self	self	NOUN
ideas-8101	22	22	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	22	23	paced	pace	VERB
ideas-8101	22	24	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	22	25	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	22	26	easily	easily	ADV
ideas-8101	22	27	accessible	accessible	ADJ
ideas-8101	22	28	practice	practice	NOUN
ideas-8101	22	29	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ideas-8101	22	30	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	23	1	however	however	ADV
ideas-8101	23	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	23	3	while	while	SCONJ
ideas-8101	23	4	duolingo	duolingo	PROPN
ideas-8101	23	5	’s	’s	PART
ideas-8101	23	6	popularity	popularity	NOUN
ideas-8101	23	7	has	have	AUX
ideas-8101	23	8	grown	grow	VERB
ideas-8101	23	9	substantially	substantially	ADV
ideas-8101	23	10	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	23	11	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
ideas-8101	23	12	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	23	13	there	there	PRON
ideas-8101	23	14	remains	remain	VERB
ideas-8101	23	15	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	23	16	lack	lack	NOUN
ideas-8101	23	17	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	23	18	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	23	19	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	23	20	depth	depth	NOUN
ideas-8101	23	21	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ideas-8101	23	22	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	23	23	how	how	SCONJ
ideas-8101	23	24	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	23	25	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	23	26	actually	actually	ADV
ideas-8101	23	27	experience	experience	VERB
ideas-8101	23	28	using	use	VERB
ideas-8101	23	29	it	it	PRON
ideas-8101	23	30	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	23	31	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	23	32	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	23	33	—	—	PUNCT
ideas-8101	23	34	especially	especially	ADV
ideas-8101	23	35	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	23	36	higher	high	ADJ
ideas-8101	23	37	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	23	38	settings	setting	NOUN
ideas-8101	23	39	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	24	1	previous	previous	ADJ
ideas-8101	24	2	studies	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	24	3	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	24	4	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ideas-8101	24	5	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	24	6	azizah	azizah	NOUN
ideas-8101	24	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	24	8	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	24	9	;	;	PUNCT
ideas-8101	24	10	hia	hia	PROPN
ideas-8101	24	11	et	et	PROPN
ideas-8101	24	12	al	al	PROPN
ideas-8101	24	13	.	.	PROPN
ideas-8101	24	14	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	24	15	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	24	16	;	;	PUNCT
ideas-8101	24	17	andini	andini	PROPN
ideas-8101	24	18	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	24	19	salmiah	salmiah	PROPN
ideas-8101	24	20	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	24	21	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	24	22	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	24	23	have	have	AUX
ideas-8101	24	24	primarily	primarily	ADV
ideas-8101	24	25	examined	examine	VERB
ideas-8101	24	26	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	24	27	application	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	24	28	’s	’s	PART
ideas-8101	24	29	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ideas-8101	24	30	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	24	31	improving	improve	VERB
ideas-8101	24	32	specific	specific	ADJ
ideas-8101	24	33	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	24	34	skills	skill	NOUN
ideas-8101	24	35	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	24	36	but	but	CCONJ
ideas-8101	24	37	have	have	AUX
ideas-8101	24	38	paid	pay	VERB
ideas-8101	24	39	less	less	ADJ
ideas-8101	24	40	attention	attention	NOUN
ideas-8101	24	41	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	24	42	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	24	43	’	’	PART
ideas-8101	24	44	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ideas-8101	24	45	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	24	46	motivations	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	24	47	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	24	48	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	24	49	lived	live	VERB
ideas-8101	24	50	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	24	51	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	24	52	authentic	authentic	ADJ
ideas-8101	24	53	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	24	54	contexts	contexts	NOUN
ideas-8101	24	55	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	25	1	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	25	2	bridge	bridge	VERB
ideas-8101	25	3	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	25	4	gap	gap	NOUN
ideas-8101	25	5	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	25	6	it	it	PRON
ideas-8101	25	7	is	be	AUX
ideas-8101	25	8	important	important	ADJ
ideas-8101	25	9	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	25	10	explore	explore	VERB
ideas-8101	25	11	how	how	SCONJ
ideas-8101	25	12	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	25	13	engage	engage	VERB
ideas-8101	25	14	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	25	15	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	25	16	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	25	17	perceive	perceive	VERB
ideas-8101	25	18	its	its	PRON
ideas-8101	25	19	role	role	NOUN
ideas-8101	25	20	within	within	ADP
ideas-8101	25	21	their	their	PRON
ideas-8101	25	22	formal	formal	ADJ
ideas-8101	25	23	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	25	24	environment	environment	NOUN
ideas-8101	25	25	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	26	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ideas-8101	26	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	26	3	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	26	4	present	present	ADJ
ideas-8101	26	5	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	26	6	aims	aim	VERB
ideas-8101	26	7	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	26	8	explore	explore	VERB
ideas-8101	26	9	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	26	10	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	26	11	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	26	12	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	26	13	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	26	14	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	26	15	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	26	16	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	26	17	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	26	18	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	26	19	application	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	26	20	at	at	ADP
ideas-8101	26	21	universitas	universita	NOUN
ideas-8101	26	22	sembilanbelas	sembilanbelas	PROPN
ideas-8101	26	23	november	november	PROPN
ideas-8101	26	24	kolaka	kolaka	PROPN
ideas-8101	26	25	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	27	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
ideas-8101	27	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	27	3	it	it	PRON
ideas-8101	27	4	seeks	seek	VERB
ideas-8101	27	5	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	27	6	answer	answer	VERB
ideas-8101	27	7	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	27	8	following	follow	VERB
ideas-8101	27	9	research	research	NOUN
ideas-8101	27	10	question	question	NOUN
ideas-8101	27	11	namely	namely	ADV
ideas-8101	27	12	what	what	DET
ideas-8101	27	13	experience	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	27	14	do	do	AUX
ideas-8101	27	15	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	27	16	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	27	17	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	27	18	universitas	universita	NOUN
ideas-8101	27	19	sembilanbelas	sembilanbelas	PROPN
ideas-8101	27	20	november	november	PROPN
ideas-8101	27	21	kolaka	kolaka	PROPN
ideas-8101	27	22	have	have	VERB
ideas-8101	27	23	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	27	24	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	27	25	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	27	26	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	27	27	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	27	28	application	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	27	29	?	?	PUNCT
ideas-8101	28	1	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	28	2	addressing	address	VERB
ideas-8101	28	3	these	these	DET
ideas-8101	28	4	questions	question	NOUN
ideas-8101	28	5	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	28	6	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	28	7	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	28	8	seeks	seek	VERB
ideas-8101	28	9	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	28	10	contribute	contribute	VERB
ideas-8101	28	11	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	28	12	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	28	13	clearer	clear	ADJ
ideas-8101	28	14	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ideas-8101	28	15	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	28	16	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	28	17	role	role	NOUN
ideas-8101	28	18	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	28	19	mobile	mobile	NOUN
ideas-8101	28	20	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	28	21	assisted	assist	VERB
ideas-8101	28	22	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	28	23	tools	tool	NOUN
ideas-8101	28	24	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	28	25	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ideas-8101	28	26	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	28	27	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	28	28	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	28	29	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	28	30	indonesian	indonesian	ADJ
ideas-8101	28	31	higher	high	ADJ
ideas-8101	28	32	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	28	33	contexts	contexts	NOUN
ideas-8101	28	34	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	29	1	ideas	idea	NOUN
ideas-8101	29	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	29	3	vol	vol	NOUN
ideas-8101	29	4	.	.	PROPN
ideas-8101	29	5	13	13	NUM
ideas-8101	29	6	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	29	7	no	no	INTJ
ideas-8101	29	8	.	.	NOUN
ideas-8101	29	9	2	2	NUM
ideas-8101	29	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	29	11	december	december	PROPN
ideas-8101	29	12	2025	2025	NUM
ideas-8101	29	13	issn	issn	VERB
ideas-8101	29	14	2338	2338	NUM
ideas-8101	29	15	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	29	16	4778	4778	NUM
ideas-8101	29	17	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	29	18	print	print	NOUN
ideas-8101	29	19	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	29	20	issn	issn	VERB
ideas-8101	29	21	2548	2548	NUM
ideas-8101	29	22	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	29	23	4192	4192	NUM
ideas-8101	29	24	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	29	25	online	online	ADJ
ideas-8101	29	26	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	29	27	6051	6051	NUM
ideas-8101	29	28	method	method	NOUN
ideas-8101	29	29	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	29	30	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	29	31	employed	employ	VERB
ideas-8101	29	32	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	29	33	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ideas-8101	29	34	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
ideas-8101	29	35	design	design	NOUN
ideas-8101	29	36	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	29	37	explore	explore	VERB
ideas-8101	29	38	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	29	39	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	29	40	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	29	41	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	29	42	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	29	43	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	29	44	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	29	45	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	29	46	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	29	47	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	29	48	application	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	29	49	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	30	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	30	2	participants	participant	NOUN
ideas-8101	30	3	consisted	consist	VERB
ideas-8101	30	4	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	30	5	15	15	NUM
ideas-8101	30	6	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	30	7	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	30	8	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	30	9	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	30	10	9	9	NUM
ideas-8101	30	11	females	female	NOUN
ideas-8101	30	12	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	30	13	6	6	NUM
ideas-8101	30	14	males	male	NOUN
ideas-8101	30	15	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	30	16	from	from	ADP
ideas-8101	30	17	universitas	universita	NOUN
ideas-8101	30	18	sembilanbelas	sembilanbelas	PROPN
ideas-8101	30	19	november	november	PROPN
ideas-8101	30	20	kolaka	kolaka	PROPN
ideas-8101	30	21	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	30	22	selected	select	VERB
ideas-8101	30	23	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	30	24	purposive	purposive	ADJ
ideas-8101	30	25	sampling	sampling	NOUN
ideas-8101	30	26	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	30	27	ensure	ensure	VERB
ideas-8101	30	28	they	they	PRON
ideas-8101	30	29	had	have	VERB
ideas-8101	30	30	prior	prior	ADJ
ideas-8101	30	31	experience	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	30	32	using	use	VERB
ideas-8101	30	33	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	30	34	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	30	35	at	at	ADV
ideas-8101	30	36	least	least	ADV
ideas-8101	30	37	three	three	NUM
ideas-8101	30	38	months	month	NOUN
ideas-8101	30	39	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	31	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	31	2	participants	participant	NOUN
ideas-8101	31	3	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	31	4	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	31	5	their	their	PRON
ideas-8101	31	6	second	second	ADJ
ideas-8101	31	7	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	31	8	third	third	ADJ
ideas-8101	31	9	year	year	NOUN
ideas-8101	31	10	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	31	11	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	31	12	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	31	13	representing	represent	VERB
ideas-8101	31	14	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	31	15	range	range	NOUN
ideas-8101	31	16	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	31	17	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	31	18	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
ideas-8101	31	19	levels	level	NOUN
ideas-8101	31	20	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	32	1	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	32	2	collection	collection	NOUN
ideas-8101	32	3	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	32	4	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	32	5	gathered	gather	VERB
ideas-8101	32	6	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	32	7	semi	semi	ADJ
ideas-8101	32	8	-	-	ADJ
ideas-8101	32	9	structured	structured	ADJ
ideas-8101	32	10	interviews	interview	NOUN
ideas-8101	32	11	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	32	12	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ideas-8101	32	13	observations	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	32	14	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	33	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	33	2	interviews	interview	NOUN
ideas-8101	33	3	included	include	VERB
ideas-8101	33	4	10	10	NUM
ideas-8101	33	5	open	open	ADV
ideas-8101	33	6	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	33	7	ended	end	VERB
ideas-8101	33	8	questions	question	NOUN
ideas-8101	33	9	designed	design	VERB
ideas-8101	33	10	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	33	11	elicit	elicit	VERB
ideas-8101	33	12	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	33	13	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	33	14	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ideas-8101	33	15	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	33	16	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ideas-8101	33	17	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	33	18	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	33	19	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ideas-8101	33	20	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	33	21	using	use	VERB
ideas-8101	33	22	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	33	23	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	34	1	sample	sample	NOUN
ideas-8101	34	2	questions	question	NOUN
ideas-8101	34	3	included	include	VERB
ideas-8101	34	4	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	34	5	“	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	34	6	how	how	SCONJ
ideas-8101	34	7	often	often	ADV
ideas-8101	34	8	do	do	AUX
ideas-8101	34	9	you	you	PRON
ideas-8101	34	10	use	use	VERB
ideas-8101	34	11	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	34	12	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	34	13	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	34	14	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	34	15	?	?	PUNCT
ideas-8101	34	16	”	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	34	17	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	34	18	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	34	19	“	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	34	20	what	what	PRON
ideas-8101	34	21	features	feature	NOUN
ideas-8101	34	22	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	34	23	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	34	24	do	do	AUX
ideas-8101	34	25	you	you	PRON
ideas-8101	34	26	find	find	VERB
ideas-8101	34	27	most	most	ADV
ideas-8101	34	28	or	or	CCONJ
ideas-8101	34	29	least	least	ADV
ideas-8101	34	30	useful	useful	ADJ
ideas-8101	34	31	?	?	PUNCT
ideas-8101	34	32	”	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	35	1	each	each	DET
ideas-8101	35	2	interview	interview	NOUN
ideas-8101	35	3	lasted	last	VERB
ideas-8101	35	4	approximately	approximately	ADV
ideas-8101	35	5	30–45	30–45	NUM
ideas-8101	35	6	minutes	minute	NOUN
ideas-8101	35	7	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	35	8	was	be	AUX
ideas-8101	35	9	conducted	conduct	VERB
ideas-8101	35	10	individually	individually	ADV
ideas-8101	35	11	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	35	12	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	35	13	quiet	quiet	ADJ
ideas-8101	35	14	setting	setting	NOUN
ideas-8101	35	15	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	35	16	allow	allow	VERB
ideas-8101	35	17	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	35	18	focused	focused	ADJ
ideas-8101	35	19	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ideas-8101	35	20	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	36	1	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	36	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ideas-8101	36	3	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	36	4	five	five	NUM
ideas-8101	36	5	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ideas-8101	36	6	observation	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	36	7	sessions	session	NOUN
ideas-8101	36	8	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	36	9	conducted	conduct	VERB
ideas-8101	36	10	over	over	ADP
ideas-8101	36	11	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	36	12	fourweek	fourweek	ADJ
ideas-8101	36	13	period	period	NOUN
ideas-8101	36	14	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	37	1	each	each	DET
ideas-8101	37	2	session	session	NOUN
ideas-8101	37	3	lasted	last	VERB
ideas-8101	37	4	about	about	ADV
ideas-8101	37	5	60	60	NUM
ideas-8101	37	6	minutes	minute	NOUN
ideas-8101	37	7	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	37	8	focused	focus	VERB
ideas-8101	37	9	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	37	10	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	37	11	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	37	12	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	37	13	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	37	14	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	37	15	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	37	16	related	relate	VERB
ideas-8101	37	17	activities	activity	NOUN
ideas-8101	37	18	during	during	ADP
ideas-8101	37	19	class	class	NOUN
ideas-8101	37	20	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	38	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	38	2	observations	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	38	3	examined	examine	VERB
ideas-8101	38	4	specific	specific	ADJ
ideas-8101	38	5	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
ideas-8101	38	6	such	such	ADJ
ideas-8101	38	7	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	38	8	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ideas-8101	38	9	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	38	10	app	app	NOUN
ideas-8101	38	11	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	38	12	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	38	13	level	level	NOUN
ideas-8101	38	14	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	38	15	participation	participation	NOUN
ideas-8101	38	16	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	38	17	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ideas-8101	38	18	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	38	19	peers	peer	NOUN
ideas-8101	38	20	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	38	21	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	38	22	task	task	NOUN
ideas-8101	38	23	completion	completion	NOUN
ideas-8101	38	24	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	39	1	field	field	NOUN
ideas-8101	39	2	notes	note	NOUN
ideas-8101	39	3	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	39	4	used	use	VERB
ideas-8101	39	5	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	39	6	capture	capture	VERB
ideas-8101	39	7	contextual	contextual	ADJ
ideas-8101	39	8	details	detail	NOUN
ideas-8101	39	9	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	39	10	nonverbal	nonverbal	ADJ
ideas-8101	39	11	responses	response	NOUN
ideas-8101	39	12	during	during	ADP
ideas-8101	39	13	observation	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	39	14	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	40	1	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	40	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ideas-8101	40	3	all	all	DET
ideas-8101	40	4	collected	collect	VERB
ideas-8101	40	5	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	40	6	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	40	7	analyzed	analyze	VERB
ideas-8101	40	8	using	use	VERB
ideas-8101	40	9	thematic	thematic	ADJ
ideas-8101	40	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ideas-8101	40	11	following	follow	VERB
ideas-8101	40	12	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	40	13	procedures	procedure	NOUN
ideas-8101	40	14	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	40	15	braun	braun	NOUN
ideas-8101	40	16	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	40	17	clarke	clarke	PROPN
ideas-8101	40	18	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	40	19	2006	2006	NUM
ideas-8101	40	20	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	40	21	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	41	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	41	2	process	process	NOUN
ideas-8101	41	3	began	begin	VERB
ideas-8101	41	4	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	41	5	familiarization	familiarization	NOUN
ideas-8101	41	6	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	41	7	repeated	repeat	VERB
ideas-8101	41	8	reading	reading	NOUN
ideas-8101	41	9	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	41	10	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	41	11	transcripts	transcript	NOUN
ideas-8101	41	12	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	41	13	followed	follow	VERB
ideas-8101	41	14	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	41	15	initial	initial	ADJ
ideas-8101	41	16	coding	coding	NOUN
ideas-8101	41	17	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	41	18	identify	identify	VERB
ideas-8101	41	19	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
ideas-8101	41	20	units	unit	NOUN
ideas-8101	41	21	related	relate	VERB
ideas-8101	41	22	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	41	23	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	41	24	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	41	25	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	41	26	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	42	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	42	2	codes	code	NOUN
ideas-8101	42	3	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	42	4	then	then	ADV
ideas-8101	42	5	grouped	group	VERB
ideas-8101	42	6	into	into	ADP
ideas-8101	42	7	potential	potential	ADJ
ideas-8101	42	8	themes	theme	NOUN
ideas-8101	42	9	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	42	10	which	which	PRON
ideas-8101	42	11	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	42	12	refined	refine	VERB
ideas-8101	42	13	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	42	14	named	name	VERB
ideas-8101	42	15	based	base	VERB
ideas-8101	42	16	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	42	17	recurring	recur	VERB
ideas-8101	42	18	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ideas-8101	42	19	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	43	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	43	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ideas-8101	43	3	was	be	AUX
ideas-8101	43	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
ideas-8101	43	5	manually	manually	ADV
ideas-8101	43	6	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	43	7	supported	support	VERB
ideas-8101	43	8	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	43	9	careful	careful	ADJ
ideas-8101	43	10	cross	cross	NOUN
ideas-8101	43	11	-	-	ADJ
ideas-8101	43	12	checking	checking	ADJ
ideas-8101	43	13	among	among	ADP
ideas-8101	43	14	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	43	15	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ideas-8101	43	16	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	43	17	ensure	ensure	VERB
ideas-8101	43	18	consistency	consistency	NOUN
ideas-8101	43	19	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	44	1	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	44	2	saturation	saturation	NOUN
ideas-8101	44	3	was	be	AUX
ideas-8101	44	4	achieved	achieve	VERB
ideas-8101	44	5	when	when	SCONJ
ideas-8101	44	6	no	no	DET
ideas-8101	44	7	new	new	ADJ
ideas-8101	44	8	themes	theme	NOUN
ideas-8101	44	9	emerged	emerge	VERB
ideas-8101	44	10	from	from	ADP
ideas-8101	44	11	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	44	12	final	final	ADJ
ideas-8101	44	13	interviews	interview	NOUN
ideas-8101	44	14	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	44	15	observations	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	44	16	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	45	1	ethical	ethical	ADJ
ideas-8101	45	2	considerations	consideration	NOUN
ideas-8101	45	3	ethical	ethical	ADJ
ideas-8101	45	4	approval	approval	NOUN
ideas-8101	45	5	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	45	6	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	45	7	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	45	8	was	be	AUX
ideas-8101	45	9	obtained	obtain	VERB
ideas-8101	45	10	from	from	ADP
ideas-8101	45	11	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	45	12	research	research	NOUN
ideas-8101	45	13	ethics	ethic	NOUN
ideas-8101	45	14	committee	committee	PROPN
ideas-8101	45	15	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	45	16	universitas	universita	NOUN
ideas-8101	45	17	sembilanbelas	sembilanbelas	PROPN
ideas-8101	45	18	november	november	PROPN
ideas-8101	45	19	kolaka	kolaka	PROPN
ideas-8101	45	20	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	46	1	all	all	DET
ideas-8101	46	2	participants	participant	NOUN
ideas-8101	46	3	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	46	4	informed	inform	VERB
ideas-8101	46	5	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	46	6	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	46	7	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	46	8	’s	’s	PART
ideas-8101	46	9	purpose	purpose	NOUN
ideas-8101	46	10	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	46	11	procedures	procedure	NOUN
ideas-8101	46	12	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	46	13	signed	sign	VERB
ideas-8101	46	14	informed	informed	ADJ
ideas-8101	46	15	consent	consent	NOUN
ideas-8101	46	16	forms	form	NOUN
ideas-8101	46	17	prior	prior	ADV
ideas-8101	46	18	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	46	19	participation	participation	NOUN
ideas-8101	46	20	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	47	1	their	their	PRON
ideas-8101	47	2	identities	identity	NOUN
ideas-8101	47	3	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	47	4	responses	response	NOUN
ideas-8101	47	5	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	47	6	kept	keep	VERB
ideas-8101	47	7	confidential	confidential	ADJ
ideas-8101	47	8	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	47	9	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	47	10	used	use	VERB
ideas-8101	47	11	solely	solely	ADV
ideas-8101	47	12	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	47	13	academic	academic	ADJ
ideas-8101	47	14	purposes	purpose	NOUN
ideas-8101	47	15	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	48	1	participation	participation	NOUN
ideas-8101	48	2	was	be	AUX
ideas-8101	48	3	voluntary	voluntary	ADJ
ideas-8101	48	4	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	48	5	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	48	6	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	48	7	could	could	AUX
ideas-8101	48	8	withdraw	withdraw	VERB
ideas-8101	48	9	at	at	ADP
ideas-8101	48	10	any	any	DET
ideas-8101	48	11	time	time	NOUN
ideas-8101	48	12	without	without	ADP
ideas-8101	48	13	penalty	penalty	NOUN
ideas-8101	48	14	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	49	1	timeline	timeline	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	2	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	3	collection	collection	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	4	took	take	VERB
ideas-8101	49	5	place	place	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	6	over	over	ADP
ideas-8101	49	7	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	49	8	six	six	NUM
ideas-8101	49	9	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	49	10	week	week	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	11	period	period	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	12	from	from	ADP
ideas-8101	49	13	march	march	PROPN
ideas-8101	49	14	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	49	15	april	april	PROPN
ideas-8101	49	16	2025	2025	NUM
ideas-8101	49	17	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	49	18	including	include	VERB
ideas-8101	49	19	scheduling	scheduling	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	20	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	49	21	interviews	interview	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	22	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	49	23	observations	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	24	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	49	25	transcription	transcription	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	26	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	49	27	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	49	28	member	member	PROPN
ideas-8101	49	29	ayu	ayu	PROPN
ideas-8101	49	30	andira	andira	PROPN
ideas-8101	49	31	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	49	32	hariadi	hariadi	ADJ
ideas-8101	49	33	syam	syam	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	34	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	49	35	alifia	alifia	ADJ
ideas-8101	49	36	pratiwi	pratiwi	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	37	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	49	38	ray	ray	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	39	suryadi	suryadi	PROPN
ideas-8101	49	40	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	49	41	rais	rais	PROPN
ideas-8101	49	42	abin	abin	PROPN
ideas-8101	49	43	exploring	explore	VERB
ideas-8101	49	44	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	45	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	46	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	49	47	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	48	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	49	49	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	49	50	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	49	51	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	49	52	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	49	53	6052	6052	NUM
ideas-8101	49	54	checking	check	VERB
ideas-8101	49	55	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	50	1	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	50	2	enhance	enhance	VERB
ideas-8101	50	3	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	50	4	trustworthiness	trustworthiness	NOUN
ideas-8101	50	5	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	50	6	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	50	7	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	50	8	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	50	9	triangulation	triangulation	NOUN
ideas-8101	50	10	was	be	AUX
ideas-8101	50	11	achieved	achieve	VERB
ideas-8101	50	12	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	50	13	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	50	14	combination	combination	NOUN
ideas-8101	50	15	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	50	16	interviews	interview	NOUN
ideas-8101	50	17	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	50	18	observations	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	50	19	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	50	20	while	while	SCONJ
ideas-8101	50	21	member	member	NOUN
ideas-8101	50	22	checking	checking	NOUN
ideas-8101	50	23	was	be	AUX
ideas-8101	50	24	used	use	VERB
ideas-8101	50	25	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	50	26	validate	validate	VERB
ideas-8101	50	27	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	50	28	interpretations	interpretation	NOUN
ideas-8101	50	29	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	51	1	field	field	NOUN
ideas-8101	51	2	notes	note	NOUN
ideas-8101	51	3	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	51	4	meticulous	meticulous	ADJ
ideas-8101	51	5	documentation	documentation	NOUN
ideas-8101	51	6	supported	support	VERB
ideas-8101	51	7	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	51	8	credibility	credibility	NOUN
ideas-8101	51	9	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	51	10	dependability	dependability	NOUN
ideas-8101	51	11	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	51	12	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	51	13	overall	overall	ADJ
ideas-8101	51	14	research	research	NOUN
ideas-8101	51	15	process	process	NOUN
ideas-8101	51	16	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	1	results	result	VERB
ideas-8101	52	2	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	52	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	4	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	52	5	interviews	interview	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	6	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	52	7	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	8	observations	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	9	revealed	reveal	VERB
ideas-8101	52	10	four	four	NUM
ideas-8101	52	11	main	main	ADJ
ideas-8101	52	12	themes	theme	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	13	related	relate	VERB
ideas-8101	52	14	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	52	15	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	16	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	17	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	18	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	52	19	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	20	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	21	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	22	1	1	X
ideas-8101	52	23	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	24	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
ideas-8101	52	25	enrichment	enrichment	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	26	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	52	27	skill	skill	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	28	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	29	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	30	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	31	2	2	X
ideas-8101	52	32	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	33	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	34	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	52	35	gamified	gamifie	VERB
ideas-8101	52	36	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	37	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	38	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	39	3	3	X
ideas-8101	52	40	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	41	perceived	perceive	VERB
ideas-8101	52	42	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	43	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	52	44	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	52	45	app	app	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	46	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	47	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	52	48	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	49	4	4	X
ideas-8101	52	50	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	52	51	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
ideas-8101	52	52	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	53	alongside	alongside	ADP
ideas-8101	52	54	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	55	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	52	56	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	53	1	these	these	DET
ideas-8101	53	2	themes	theme	NOUN
ideas-8101	53	3	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	53	4	identified	identify	VERB
ideas-8101	53	5	based	base	VERB
ideas-8101	53	6	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	53	7	recurring	recur	VERB
ideas-8101	53	8	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ideas-8101	53	9	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	53	10	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	53	11	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	53	12	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	53	13	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	53	14	supported	support	VERB
ideas-8101	53	15	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	53	16	both	both	DET
ideas-8101	53	17	participants	participant	NOUN
ideas-8101	53	18	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	53	19	statements	statement	NOUN
ideas-8101	53	20	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	53	21	observation	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	53	22	checklist	checklist	NOUN
ideas-8101	53	23	results	result	NOUN
ideas-8101	53	24	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	54	1	these	these	DET
ideas-8101	54	2	themes	theme	NOUN
ideas-8101	54	3	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	54	4	identified	identify	VERB
ideas-8101	54	5	based	base	VERB
ideas-8101	54	6	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	54	7	recurring	recur	VERB
ideas-8101	54	8	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ideas-8101	54	9	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	54	10	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	54	11	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	54	12	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	54	13	supported	support	VERB
ideas-8101	54	14	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	54	15	both	both	DET
ideas-8101	54	16	participants	participant	NOUN
ideas-8101	54	17	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	54	18	statements	statement	NOUN
ideas-8101	54	19	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	54	20	observation	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	54	21	checklist	checklist	NOUN
ideas-8101	54	22	results	result	NOUN
ideas-8101	54	23	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	55	1	observations	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	55	2	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	55	3	conducted	conduct	VERB
ideas-8101	55	4	over	over	ADP
ideas-8101	55	5	three	three	NUM
ideas-8101	55	6	consecutive	consecutive	ADJ
ideas-8101	55	7	weeks	week	NOUN
ideas-8101	55	8	during	during	ADP
ideas-8101	55	9	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	55	10	classes	class	NOUN
ideas-8101	55	11	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	55	12	individual	individual	ADJ
ideas-8101	55	13	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	55	14	sessions	session	NOUN
ideas-8101	55	15	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	55	16	allowing	allow	VERB
ideas-8101	55	17	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	55	18	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ideas-8101	55	19	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	55	20	record	record	VERB
ideas-8101	55	21	authentic	authentic	ADJ
ideas-8101	55	22	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
ideas-8101	55	23	related	relate	VERB
ideas-8101	55	24	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	55	25	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	55	26	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	55	27	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	56	1	1	1	X
ideas-8101	56	2	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	56	3	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
ideas-8101	56	4	enrichment	enrichment	NOUN
ideas-8101	56	5	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	56	6	skill	skill	NOUN
ideas-8101	56	7	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ideas-8101	56	8	most	most	ADJ
ideas-8101	56	9	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	56	10	agreed	agree	VERB
ideas-8101	56	11	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	56	12	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	56	13	helped	help	VERB
ideas-8101	56	14	them	they	PRON
ideas-8101	56	15	increase	increase	VERB
ideas-8101	56	16	their	their	PRON
ideas-8101	56	17	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
ideas-8101	56	18	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	56	19	supported	support	VERB
ideas-8101	56	20	their	their	PRON
ideas-8101	56	21	basic	basic	ADJ
ideas-8101	56	22	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	56	23	skills	skill	NOUN
ideas-8101	56	24	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	57	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	57	2	short	short	ADJ
ideas-8101	57	3	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	57	4	repetitive	repetitive	ADJ
ideas-8101	57	5	tasks	task	NOUN
ideas-8101	57	6	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	57	7	daily	daily	ADJ
ideas-8101	57	8	reminders	reminder	NOUN
ideas-8101	57	9	encouraged	encourage	VERB
ideas-8101	57	10	regular	regular	ADJ
ideas-8101	57	11	practice	practice	NOUN
ideas-8101	57	12	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	57	13	improved	improved	ADJ
ideas-8101	57	14	memory	memory	NOUN
ideas-8101	57	15	retention	retention	NOUN
ideas-8101	57	16	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	58	1	as	as	SCONJ
ideas-8101	58	2	one	one	NUM
ideas-8101	58	3	participant	participant	NOUN
ideas-8101	58	4	noted	note	VERB
ideas-8101	58	5	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	58	6	“	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	58	7	i	i	PRON
ideas-8101	58	8	can	can	AUX
ideas-8101	58	9	learn	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	58	10	new	new	ADJ
ideas-8101	58	11	words	word	NOUN
ideas-8101	58	12	anywhere	anywhere	ADV
ideas-8101	58	13	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	58	14	even	even	ADV
ideas-8101	58	15	between	between	ADP
ideas-8101	58	16	classes	class	NOUN
ideas-8101	58	17	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	59	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	59	2	repetition	repetition	NOUN
ideas-8101	59	3	helps	help	VERB
ideas-8101	59	4	me	i	PRON
ideas-8101	59	5	remember	remember	VERB
ideas-8101	59	6	better	well	ADV
ideas-8101	59	7	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	59	8	”	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	60	1	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	60	2	p3	p3	NOUN
ideas-8101	60	3	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	60	4	observation	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	60	5	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	60	6	confirmed	confirm	VERB
ideas-8101	60	7	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	60	8	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	60	9	used	use	VERB
ideas-8101	60	10	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	60	11	actively	actively	ADV
ideas-8101	60	12	during	during	ADP
ideas-8101	60	13	breaks	break	NOUN
ideas-8101	60	14	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	60	15	self	self	NOUN
ideas-8101	60	16	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	60	17	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	60	18	hours	hour	NOUN
ideas-8101	60	19	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	60	20	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	60	21	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
ideas-8101	60	22	before	before	SCONJ
ideas-8101	60	23	class	class	NOUN
ideas-8101	60	24	began	begin	VERB
ideas-8101	60	25	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	61	1	table	table	NOUN
ideas-8101	61	2	1	1	NUM
ideas-8101	61	3	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	62	1	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	2	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	62	3	reported	report	VERB
ideas-8101	62	4	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	5	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	62	6	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	7	skills	skill	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	8	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	62	9	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	10	skill	skill	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	11	area	area	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	12	number	number	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	13	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	62	14	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	15	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	16	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	62	17	%	%	INTJ
ideas-8101	62	18	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	62	19	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	20	10	10	NUM
ideas-8101	62	21	83.3	83.3	NUM
ideas-8101	62	22	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	23	grammar	grammar	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	24	7	7	NUM
ideas-8101	62	25	58.3	58.3	NUM
ideas-8101	62	26	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	27	reading	reading	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	28	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	29	6	6	NUM
ideas-8101	62	30	50.0	50.0	NUM
ideas-8101	62	31	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	32	speaking	speaking	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	33	practice	practice	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	34	3	3	NUM
ideas-8101	62	35	25.0	25.0	NUM
ideas-8101	62	36	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	37	these	these	DET
ideas-8101	62	38	results	result	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	39	indicate	indicate	VERB
ideas-8101	62	40	that	that	DET
ideas-8101	62	41	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	42	was	be	AUX
ideas-8101	62	43	particularly	particularly	ADV
ideas-8101	62	44	effective	effective	ADJ
ideas-8101	62	45	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	62	46	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ideas-8101	62	47	receptive	receptive	ADJ
ideas-8101	62	48	skills	skill	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	49	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	62	50	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	51	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	62	52	reading	reading	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	53	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	62	54	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	62	55	but	but	CCONJ
ideas-8101	62	56	less	less	ADV
ideas-8101	62	57	effective	effective	ADJ
ideas-8101	62	58	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	62	59	productive	productive	ADJ
ideas-8101	62	60	skills	skill	NOUN
ideas-8101	62	61	like	like	ADP
ideas-8101	62	62	speaking	speak	VERB
ideas-8101	62	63	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	63	1	ideas	idea	NOUN
ideas-8101	63	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	63	3	vol	vol	NOUN
ideas-8101	63	4	.	.	PROPN
ideas-8101	63	5	13	13	NUM
ideas-8101	63	6	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	63	7	no	no	INTJ
ideas-8101	63	8	.	.	NOUN
ideas-8101	63	9	2	2	NUM
ideas-8101	63	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	63	11	december	december	PROPN
ideas-8101	63	12	2025	2025	NUM
ideas-8101	63	13	issn	issn	VERB
ideas-8101	63	14	2338	2338	NUM
ideas-8101	63	15	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	63	16	4778	4778	NUM
ideas-8101	63	17	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	63	18	print	print	NOUN
ideas-8101	63	19	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	63	20	issn	issn	VERB
ideas-8101	63	21	2548	2548	NUM
ideas-8101	63	22	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	63	23	4192	4192	NUM
ideas-8101	63	24	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	63	25	online	online	ADJ
ideas-8101	63	26	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	63	27	6053	6053	NUM
ideas-8101	64	1	2	2	NUM
ideas-8101	64	2	.	.	X
ideas-8101	64	3	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	64	4	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	64	5	gamified	gamifie	VERB
ideas-8101	64	6	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	64	7	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	64	8	strong	strong	ADJ
ideas-8101	64	9	motivational	motivational	ADJ
ideas-8101	64	10	factor	factor	NOUN
ideas-8101	64	11	emerged	emerge	VERB
ideas-8101	64	12	from	from	ADP
ideas-8101	64	13	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	64	14	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	64	15	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	64	16	using	use	VERB
ideas-8101	64	17	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	64	18	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	65	1	most	most	ADJ
ideas-8101	65	2	participants	participant	NOUN
ideas-8101	65	3	described	describe	VERB
ideas-8101	65	4	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	65	5	app	app	PROPN
ideas-8101	65	6	’s	’s	PART
ideas-8101	65	7	gamification	gamification	NOUN
ideas-8101	65	8	features	feature	NOUN
ideas-8101	65	9	—	—	PUNCT
ideas-8101	65	10	such	such	ADJ
ideas-8101	65	11	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	65	12	points	point	NOUN
ideas-8101	65	13	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	65	14	streaks	streak	NOUN
ideas-8101	65	15	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	65	16	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	65	17	badges	badge	NOUN
ideas-8101	65	18	—	—	PUNCT
ideas-8101	65	19	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	65	20	encouraging	encourage	VERB
ideas-8101	65	21	them	they	PRON
ideas-8101	65	22	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	65	23	practice	practice	VERB
ideas-8101	65	24	regularly	regularly	ADV
ideas-8101	65	25	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	66	1	“	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	66	2	it	it	PRON
ideas-8101	66	3	feels	feel	VERB
ideas-8101	66	4	like	like	ADP
ideas-8101	66	5	playing	play	VERB
ideas-8101	66	6	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	66	7	game	game	NOUN
ideas-8101	66	8	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	66	9	so	so	CCONJ
ideas-8101	66	10	i	i	PRON
ideas-8101	66	11	keep	keep	VERB
ideas-8101	66	12	coming	come	VERB
ideas-8101	66	13	back	back	ADV
ideas-8101	66	14	every	every	DET
ideas-8101	66	15	day	day	NOUN
ideas-8101	66	16	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	66	17	”	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	67	1	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	67	2	p6	p6	PROPN
ideas-8101	67	3	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	67	4	“	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	67	5	i	i	PRON
ideas-8101	67	6	do	do	AUX
ideas-8101	67	7	n’t	not	PART
ideas-8101	67	8	want	want	VERB
ideas-8101	67	9	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	67	10	lose	lose	VERB
ideas-8101	67	11	my	my	PRON
ideas-8101	67	12	streak	streak	NOUN
ideas-8101	67	13	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	67	14	so	so	SCONJ
ideas-8101	67	15	i	i	PRON
ideas-8101	67	16	make	make	VERB
ideas-8101	67	17	sure	sure	ADJ
ideas-8101	67	18	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	67	19	practice	practice	VERB
ideas-8101	67	20	even	even	ADV
ideas-8101	67	21	when	when	SCONJ
ideas-8101	67	22	i	i	PRON
ideas-8101	67	23	’m	’m	VERB
ideas-8101	67	24	tired	tired	ADJ
ideas-8101	67	25	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	67	26	”	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	68	1	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	68	2	p9	p9	PROPN
ideas-8101	68	3	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	68	4	these	these	DET
ideas-8101	68	5	elements	element	NOUN
ideas-8101	68	6	transformed	transform	VERB
ideas-8101	68	7	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	68	8	into	into	ADP
ideas-8101	68	9	an	an	DET
ideas-8101	68	10	enjoyable	enjoyable	ADJ
ideas-8101	68	11	experience	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	68	12	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	68	13	increasing	increase	VERB
ideas-8101	68	14	both	both	CCONJ
ideas-8101	68	15	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	68	16	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	68	17	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ideas-8101	68	18	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	68	19	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	68	20	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	69	1	observation	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	69	2	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	69	3	also	also	ADV
ideas-8101	69	4	showed	show	VERB
ideas-8101	69	5	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	69	6	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	69	7	tended	tend	VERB
ideas-8101	69	8	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	69	9	complete	complete	VERB
ideas-8101	69	10	at	at	ADP
ideas-8101	69	11	least	least	ADV
ideas-8101	69	12	one	one	NUM
ideas-8101	69	13	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	69	14	activity	activity	NOUN
ideas-8101	69	15	during	during	ADP
ideas-8101	69	16	short	short	ADJ
ideas-8101	69	17	breaks	break	NOUN
ideas-8101	69	18	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	69	19	even	even	ADV
ideas-8101	69	20	without	without	ADP
ideas-8101	69	21	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ideas-8101	69	22	prompting	prompt	VERB
ideas-8101	69	23	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	70	1	table	table	NOUN
ideas-8101	70	2	2	2	NUM
ideas-8101	70	3	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	71	1	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	2	indicators	indicator	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	3	related	relate	VERB
ideas-8101	71	4	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	71	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	6	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	7	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	8	indicator	indicator	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	9	number	number	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	10	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	71	11	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	12	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	13	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	71	14	%	%	INTJ
ideas-8101	71	15	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	71	16	gamification	gamification	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	17	perceived	perceive	VERB
ideas-8101	71	18	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	71	19	motivating	motivate	VERB
ideas-8101	71	20	9	9	NUM
ideas-8101	71	21	75.0	75.0	NUM
ideas-8101	71	22	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	23	maintained	maintain	VERB
ideas-8101	71	24	daily	daily	ADJ
ideas-8101	71	25	streaks	streak	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	26	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	71	27	≥7	≥7	PROPN
ideas-8101	71	28	consecutive	consecutive	ADJ
ideas-8101	71	29	days	day	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	30	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	71	31	8	8	NUM
ideas-8101	71	32	66.7	66.7	NUM
ideas-8101	71	33	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	34	increased	increase	VERB
ideas-8101	71	35	practice	practice	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	36	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	37	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	71	38	≥3	≥3	PROPN
ideas-8101	71	39	times	time	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	40	per	per	ADP
ideas-8101	71	41	week	week	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	42	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	71	43	7	7	NUM
ideas-8101	71	44	58.3	58.3	NUM
ideas-8101	71	45	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	46	3	3	NUM
ideas-8101	71	47	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	71	48	perceived	perceive	VERB
ideas-8101	71	49	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	50	despite	despite	SCONJ
ideas-8101	71	51	its	its	PRON
ideas-8101	71	52	advantages	advantage	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	53	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	71	54	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	55	also	also	ADV
ideas-8101	71	56	identified	identify	VERB
ideas-8101	71	57	several	several	ADJ
ideas-8101	71	58	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ideas-8101	71	59	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	72	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	72	2	most	most	ADV
ideas-8101	72	3	frequent	frequent	ADJ
ideas-8101	72	4	issue	issue	NOUN
ideas-8101	72	5	was	be	AUX
ideas-8101	72	6	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	72	7	lack	lack	NOUN
ideas-8101	72	8	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	72	9	real	real	ADJ
ideas-8101	72	10	speaking	speak	VERB
ideas-8101	72	11	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ideas-8101	72	12	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	72	13	followed	follow	VERB
ideas-8101	72	14	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	72	15	repetitive	repetitive	ADJ
ideas-8101	72	16	exercises	exercise	NOUN
ideas-8101	72	17	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	72	18	unstable	unstable	ADJ
ideas-8101	72	19	internet	internet	NOUN
ideas-8101	72	20	connections	connection	NOUN
ideas-8101	72	21	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	73	1	“	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	73	2	it	it	PRON
ideas-8101	73	3	’s	’	VERB
ideas-8101	73	4	helpful	helpful	ADJ
ideas-8101	73	5	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	73	6	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
ideas-8101	73	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	73	8	but	but	CCONJ
ideas-8101	73	9	i	i	PRON
ideas-8101	73	10	ca	can	AUX
ideas-8101	73	11	n’t	not	PART
ideas-8101	73	12	really	really	ADV
ideas-8101	73	13	practice	practice	VERB
ideas-8101	73	14	speaking	speak	VERB
ideas-8101	73	15	like	like	ADP
ideas-8101	73	16	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	73	17	class	class	NOUN
ideas-8101	73	18	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	73	19	”	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	74	1	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	74	2	p5	p5	PROPN
ideas-8101	74	3	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	74	4	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	74	5	few	few	ADJ
ideas-8101	74	6	participants	participant	NOUN
ideas-8101	74	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	74	8	however	however	ADV
ideas-8101	74	9	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	74	10	viewed	view	VERB
ideas-8101	74	11	repetition	repetition	NOUN
ideas-8101	74	12	positively	positively	ADV
ideas-8101	74	13	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	74	14	stating	state	VERB
ideas-8101	74	15	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	74	16	it	it	PRON
ideas-8101	74	17	helped	help	VERB
ideas-8101	74	18	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
ideas-8101	74	19	memory	memory	NOUN
ideas-8101	74	20	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	75	1	table	table	NOUN
ideas-8101	75	2	3	3	NUM
ideas-8101	76	1	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	76	2	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	3	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	76	4	reported	report	VERB
ideas-8101	76	5	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	6	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	76	7	using	use	VERB
ideas-8101	76	8	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	9	reported	report	VERB
ideas-8101	76	10	limitation	limitation	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	11	number	number	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	12	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	76	13	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	14	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	15	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	76	16	%	%	INTJ
ideas-8101	76	17	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	76	18	lack	lack	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	19	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	76	20	speaking	speak	VERB
ideas-8101	76	21	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	22	9	9	NUM
ideas-8101	76	23	75.0	75.0	NUM
ideas-8101	76	24	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	25	repetitive	repetitive	ADJ
ideas-8101	76	26	tasks	task	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	27	8	8	NUM
ideas-8101	76	28	66.7	66.7	NUM
ideas-8101	76	29	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	30	internet	internet	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	31	connection	connection	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	32	issues	issue	VERB
ideas-8101	76	33	7	7	NUM
ideas-8101	76	34	58.3	58.3	NUM
ideas-8101	76	35	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	36	interestingly	interestingly	ADV
ideas-8101	76	37	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	76	38	two	two	NUM
ideas-8101	76	39	participants	participant	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	40	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	76	41	p2	p2	PROPN
ideas-8101	76	42	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	76	43	p8	p8	PROPN
ideas-8101	76	44	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	76	45	mentioned	mention	VERB
ideas-8101	76	46	that	that	DET
ideas-8101	76	47	repetition	repetition	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	48	“	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	76	49	helps	help	VERB
ideas-8101	76	50	memorization	memorization	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	51	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	76	52	”	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	76	53	illustrating	illustrate	VERB
ideas-8101	76	54	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	76	55	contradictory	contradictory	ADJ
ideas-8101	76	56	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	57	that	that	DET
ideas-8101	76	58	repetition	repetition	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	59	can	can	AUX
ideas-8101	76	60	be	be	AUX
ideas-8101	76	61	both	both	CCONJ
ideas-8101	76	62	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	76	63	limitation	limitation	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	64	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	76	65	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	76	66	benefit	benefit	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	67	depending	depend	VERB
ideas-8101	76	68	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	76	69	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	76	70	preferences	preference	NOUN
ideas-8101	76	71	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	77	1	4	4	X
ideas-8101	77	2	.	.	X
ideas-8101	77	3	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
ideas-8101	77	4	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	77	5	alongside	alongside	ADP
ideas-8101	77	6	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ideas-8101	77	7	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	77	8	observation	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	77	9	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	77	10	indicated	indicate	VERB
ideas-8101	77	11	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	77	12	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	77	13	treated	treat	VERB
ideas-8101	77	14	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	77	15	mainly	mainly	ADV
ideas-8101	77	16	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	77	17	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	77	18	complement	complement	NOUN
ideas-8101	77	19	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	77	20	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ideas-8101	77	21	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ideas-8101	77	22	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	78	1	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	78	2	increased	increase	VERB
ideas-8101	78	3	when	when	SCONJ
ideas-8101	78	4	duolingo	duolingo	PROPN
ideas-8101	78	5	ayu	ayu	PROPN
ideas-8101	78	6	andira	andira	PROPN
ideas-8101	78	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	78	8	hariadi	hariadi	ADJ
ideas-8101	78	9	syam	syam	NOUN
ideas-8101	78	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	78	11	alifia	alifia	ADJ
ideas-8101	78	12	pratiwi	pratiwi	NOUN
ideas-8101	78	13	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	78	14	ray	ray	NOUN
ideas-8101	78	15	suryadi	suryadi	PROPN
ideas-8101	78	16	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	78	17	rais	rais	PROPN
ideas-8101	78	18	abin	abin	PROPN
ideas-8101	78	19	exploring	explore	VERB
ideas-8101	78	20	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	78	21	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	78	22	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	78	23	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	78	24	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	78	25	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	78	26	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	78	27	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	78	28	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	78	29	6054	6054	NUM
ideas-8101	78	30	content	content	NOUN
ideas-8101	78	31	was	be	AUX
ideas-8101	78	32	related	relate	VERB
ideas-8101	78	33	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	78	34	current	current	ADJ
ideas-8101	78	35	class	class	NOUN
ideas-8101	78	36	topics	topic	NOUN
ideas-8101	78	37	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	79	1	“	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	79	2	when	when	SCONJ
ideas-8101	79	3	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	79	4	topic	topic	NOUN
ideas-8101	79	5	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	79	6	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	79	7	is	be	AUX
ideas-8101	79	8	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	79	9	same	same	ADJ
ideas-8101	79	10	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	79	11	what	what	PRON
ideas-8101	79	12	we	we	PRON
ideas-8101	79	13	study	study	VERB
ideas-8101	79	14	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	79	15	class	class	NOUN
ideas-8101	79	16	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	79	17	it	it	PRON
ideas-8101	79	18	helps	help	VERB
ideas-8101	79	19	me	i	PRON
ideas-8101	79	20	remember	remember	VERB
ideas-8101	79	21	more	more	ADV
ideas-8101	79	22	easily	easily	ADV
ideas-8101	79	23	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	79	24	”	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	80	1	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	80	2	p1	p1	NOUN
ideas-8101	80	3	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	80	4	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	81	1	“	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	81	2	i	i	PRON
ideas-8101	81	3	usually	usually	ADV
ideas-8101	81	4	use	use	VERB
ideas-8101	81	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	81	6	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	81	7	review	review	VERB
ideas-8101	81	8	what	what	PRON
ideas-8101	81	9	we	we	PRON
ideas-8101	81	10	’ve	’ve	AUX
ideas-8101	81	11	learned	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	81	12	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	81	13	class	class	NOUN
ideas-8101	81	14	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	81	15	”	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	82	1	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	82	2	p7	p7	PROPN
ideas-8101	82	3	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	82	4	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	82	5	observation	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	82	6	checklist	checklist	NOUN
ideas-8101	82	7	included	include	VERB
ideas-8101	82	8	four	four	NUM
ideas-8101	82	9	indicators	indicator	NOUN
ideas-8101	82	10	—	—	PUNCT
ideas-8101	82	11	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ideas-8101	82	12	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	82	13	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	82	14	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	82	15	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	82	16	level	level	NOUN
ideas-8101	82	17	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	82	18	task	task	NOUN
ideas-8101	82	19	completion	completion	NOUN
ideas-8101	82	20	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	82	21	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	82	22	peer	peer	NOUN
ideas-8101	82	23	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ideas-8101	82	24	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	83	1	observations	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	83	2	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	83	3	conducted	conduct	VERB
ideas-8101	83	4	during	during	ADP
ideas-8101	83	5	class	class	NOUN
ideas-8101	83	6	activities	activity	NOUN
ideas-8101	83	7	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	83	8	informal	informal	ADJ
ideas-8101	83	9	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	83	10	sessions	session	NOUN
ideas-8101	83	11	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	83	12	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	83	13	each	each	DET
ideas-8101	83	14	criterion	criterion	NOUN
ideas-8101	83	15	was	be	AUX
ideas-8101	83	16	rated	rate	VERB
ideas-8101	83	17	based	base	VERB
ideas-8101	83	18	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	83	19	predefined	predefined	ADJ
ideas-8101	83	20	levels	level	NOUN
ideas-8101	83	21	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	84	1			NOUN
ideas-8101	84	2	high	high	ADJ
ideas-8101	84	3	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	84	4	observed	observe	VERB
ideas-8101	84	5	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	84	6	>	>	X
ideas-8101	84	7	70	70	NUM
ideas-8101	84	8	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	84	9	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	84	10	sessions	session	NOUN
ideas-8101	84	11	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	84	12	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	84	13			NOUN
ideas-8101	84	14	moderate	moderate	ADJ
ideas-8101	84	15	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	84	16	observed	observe	VERB
ideas-8101	84	17	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	84	18	40–70	40–70	NUM
ideas-8101	84	19	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	84	20	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	84	21	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	84	22			NOUN
ideas-8101	84	23	low	low	ADJ
ideas-8101	84	24	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	84	25	observed	observe	VERB
ideas-8101	84	26	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	84	27	<	<	X
ideas-8101	84	28	40	40	NUM
ideas-8101	84	29	%	%	NOUN
ideas-8101	84	30	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	84	31	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	85	1	table	table	NOUN
ideas-8101	85	2	4	4	NUM
ideas-8101	85	3	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	86	1	summary	summary	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	2	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	86	3	observation	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	4	checklist	checklist	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	5	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	6	observation	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	7	indicators	indicator	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	8	high	high	ADJ
ideas-8101	86	9	moderate	moderate	ADJ
ideas-8101	86	10	low	low	ADJ
ideas-8101	86	11	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	12	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	86	13	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	14	use	use	VERB
ideas-8101	86	15	7	7	NUM
ideas-8101	86	16	2	2	NUM
ideas-8101	86	17	1	1	NUM
ideas-8101	86	18	student	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	19	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	20	during	during	ADP
ideas-8101	86	21	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	22	8	8	NUM
ideas-8101	86	23	1	1	NUM
ideas-8101	86	24	1	1	NUM
ideas-8101	86	25	task	task	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	26	completion	completion	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	27	rate	rate	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	28	8	8	NUM
ideas-8101	86	29	2	2	NUM
ideas-8101	86	30	0	0	NUM
ideas-8101	86	31	peer	peer	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	32	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	33	during	during	ADP
ideas-8101	86	34	activity	activity	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	35	5	5	NUM
ideas-8101	86	36	3	3	NUM
ideas-8101	86	37	2	2	NUM
ideas-8101	86	38	these	these	DET
ideas-8101	86	39	results	result	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	40	suggest	suggest	VERB
ideas-8101	86	41	high	high	ADJ
ideas-8101	86	42	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	43	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	86	44	task	task	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	45	completion	completion	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	46	rates	rate	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	47	overall	overall	ADV
ideas-8101	86	48	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	86	49	but	but	CCONJ
ideas-8101	86	50	varying	vary	VERB
ideas-8101	86	51	peer	peer	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	52	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	53	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	54	—	—	PUNCT
ideas-8101	86	55	some	some	DET
ideas-8101	86	56	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	57	preferred	prefer	VERB
ideas-8101	86	58	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	59	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	86	60	while	while	SCONJ
ideas-8101	86	61	others	other	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	62	chose	choose	VERB
ideas-8101	86	63	independent	independent	ADJ
ideas-8101	86	64	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	86	65	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	87	1	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ideas-8101	87	2	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	87	3	findings	finding	NOUN
ideas-8101	87	4	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	87	5	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	87	6	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	87	7	indicate	indicate	VERB
ideas-8101	87	8	that	that	DET
ideas-8101	87	9	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	87	10	provides	provide	VERB
ideas-8101	87	11	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
ideas-8101	87	12	support	support	NOUN
ideas-8101	87	13	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	87	14	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	87	15	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	87	16	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	87	17	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	87	18	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	87	19	particularly	particularly	ADV
ideas-8101	87	20	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	87	21	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
ideas-8101	87	22	development	development	NOUN
ideas-8101	87	23	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	87	24	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	87	25	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	87	26	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	87	27	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
ideas-8101	87	28	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	87	29	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	88	1	these	these	DET
ideas-8101	88	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	3	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
ideas-8101	88	4	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ideas-8101	88	5	contributions	contribution	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	6	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	88	7	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	88	8	field	field	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	9	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	88	10	mobile	mobile	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	11	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	88	12	assisted	assist	VERB
ideas-8101	88	13	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	14	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	15	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	88	16	mall	mall	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	17	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	88	18	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	88	19	gamification	gamification	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	20	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	88	21	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
ideas-8101	88	22	how	how	SCONJ
ideas-8101	88	23	game	game	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	24	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	88	25	like	like	ADJ
ideas-8101	88	26	features	feature	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	27	can	can	AUX
ideas-8101	88	28	enhance	enhance	VERB
ideas-8101	88	29	learners	learner	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	30	’	’	PART
ideas-8101	88	31	self	self	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	32	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	88	33	regulation	regulation	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	34	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	88	35	persistence	persistence	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	36	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	88	37	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	88	38	enjoyment	enjoyment	NOUN
ideas-8101	88	39	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	89	1	duolingo	duolingo	PROPN
ideas-8101	89	2	’s	’s	PART
ideas-8101	89	3	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	89	4	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	89	5	streaks	streak	NOUN
ideas-8101	89	6	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	89	7	points	point	NOUN
ideas-8101	89	8	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	89	9	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	89	10	badges	badge	NOUN
ideas-8101	89	11	aligns	align	VERB
ideas-8101	89	12	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	89	13	self	self	NOUN
ideas-8101	89	14	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	89	15	determination	determination	NOUN
ideas-8101	89	16	theory	theory	NOUN
ideas-8101	89	17	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	89	18	deci	deci	PROPN
ideas-8101	89	19	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	89	20	ryan	ryan	PROPN
ideas-8101	89	21	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	89	22	1985	1985	NUM
ideas-8101	89	23	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	89	24	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	89	25	which	which	PRON
ideas-8101	89	26	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
ideas-8101	89	27	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	89	28	roles	role	NOUN
ideas-8101	89	29	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	89	30	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ideas-8101	89	31	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	89	32	competence	competence	NOUN
ideas-8101	89	33	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	89	34	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	89	35	relatedness	relatedness	NOUN
ideas-8101	89	36	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	89	37	sustaining	sustain	VERB
ideas-8101	89	38	intrinsic	intrinsic	ADJ
ideas-8101	89	39	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	89	40	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	90	1	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	90	2	instant	instant	ADJ
ideas-8101	90	3	feedback	feedback	NOUN
ideas-8101	90	4	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	90	5	visible	visible	ADJ
ideas-8101	90	6	progress	progress	NOUN
ideas-8101	90	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	90	8	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	90	9	helps	help	VERB
ideas-8101	90	10	learners	learner	NOUN
ideas-8101	90	11	feel	feel	VERB
ideas-8101	90	12	competent	competent	ADJ
ideas-8101	90	13	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	90	14	self	self	NOUN
ideas-8101	90	15	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	90	16	directed	direct	VERB
ideas-8101	90	17	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	90	18	thereby	thereby	ADV
ideas-8101	90	19	promoting	promote	VERB
ideas-8101	90	20	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	90	21	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ideas-8101	90	22	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	90	23	little	little	ADJ
ideas-8101	90	24	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	90	25	1991	1991	NUM
ideas-8101	90	26	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	90	27	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	91	1	these	these	DET
ideas-8101	91	2	results	result	NOUN
ideas-8101	91	3	are	be	AUX
ideas-8101	91	4	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ideas-8101	91	5	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	91	6	andini	andini	NOUN
ideas-8101	91	7	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	91	8	salmiah	salmiah	PROPN
ideas-8101	91	9	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	91	10	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	91	11	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	91	12	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	91	13	azizah	azizah	NOUN
ideas-8101	91	14	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	91	15	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	91	16	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	91	17	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	91	18	who	who	PRON
ideas-8101	91	19	found	find	VERB
ideas-8101	91	20	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	91	21	mobile	mobile	NOUN
ideas-8101	91	22	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	91	23	assisted	assist	VERB
ideas-8101	91	24	applications	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	91	25	improve	improve	VERB
ideas-8101	91	26	receptive	receptive	ADJ
ideas-8101	91	27	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	91	28	skills	skill	NOUN
ideas-8101	91	29	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	91	30	structured	structured	ADJ
ideas-8101	91	31	repetition	repetition	NOUN
ideas-8101	91	32	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	91	33	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ideas-8101	91	34	exposure	exposure	NOUN
ideas-8101	91	35	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	92	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	92	2	short	short	ADJ
ideas-8101	92	3	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	92	4	interactive	interactive	ADJ
ideas-8101	92	5	activities	activity	NOUN
ideas-8101	92	6	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	92	7	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	92	8	promote	promote	VERB
ideas-8101	92	9	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
ideas-8101	92	10	retention	retention	NOUN
ideas-8101	92	11	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	92	12	foster	foster	ADJ
ideas-8101	92	13	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ideas-8101	92	14	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	92	15	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	92	16	hia	hia	PROPN
ideas-8101	92	17	et	et	PROPN
ideas-8101	92	18	al	al	PROPN
ideas-8101	92	19	.	.	PROPN
ideas-8101	92	20	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	92	21	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	92	22	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	92	23	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ideas-8101	93	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	3	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	93	4	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	5	supports	support	VERB
ideas-8101	93	6	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	93	7	claims	claim	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	8	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	93	9	amin	amin	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	10	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	11	2021	2021	NUM
ideas-8101	93	12	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	13	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	14	hawa	hawa	PROPN
ideas-8101	93	15	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	93	16	roslaini	roslaini	PROPN
ideas-8101	93	17	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	18	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	93	19	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	20	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	21	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	93	22	suryanto	suryanto	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	23	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	24	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	93	25	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	26	that	that	PRON
ideas-8101	93	27	gamified	gamifie	VERB
ideas-8101	93	28	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	29	platforms	platform	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	30	effectively	effectively	ADV
ideas-8101	93	31	increase	increase	VERB
ideas-8101	93	32	student	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	33	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	34	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	93	35	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	36	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	93	37	transforming	transform	VERB
ideas-8101	93	38	ideas	idea	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	39	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	40	vol	vol	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	41	.	.	PROPN
ideas-8101	93	42	13	13	NUM
ideas-8101	93	43	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	44	no	no	INTJ
ideas-8101	93	45	.	.	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	46	2	2	NUM
ideas-8101	93	47	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	48	december	december	PROPN
ideas-8101	93	49	2025	2025	NUM
ideas-8101	93	50	issn	issn	VERB
ideas-8101	93	51	2338	2338	NUM
ideas-8101	93	52	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	93	53	4778	4778	NUM
ideas-8101	93	54	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	55	print	print	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	56	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	57	issn	issn	VERB
ideas-8101	93	58	2548	2548	NUM
ideas-8101	93	59	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	93	60	4192	4192	NUM
ideas-8101	93	61	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	62	online	online	ADJ
ideas-8101	93	63	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	93	64	6055	6055	NUM
ideas-8101	93	65	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	93	66	into	into	ADP
ideas-8101	93	67	an	an	DET
ideas-8101	93	68	enjoyable	enjoyable	ADJ
ideas-8101	93	69	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	93	70	rewarding	rewarding	ADJ
ideas-8101	93	71	process	process	NOUN
ideas-8101	93	72	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	94	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	94	2	observation	observation	NOUN
ideas-8101	94	3	data	datum	NOUN
ideas-8101	94	4	further	far	ADV
ideas-8101	94	5	revealed	reveal	VERB
ideas-8101	94	6	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	94	7	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	94	8	used	use	VERB
ideas-8101	94	9	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	94	10	voluntarily	voluntarily	ADV
ideas-8101	94	11	during	during	ADP
ideas-8101	94	12	their	their	PRON
ideas-8101	94	13	leisure	leisure	NOUN
ideas-8101	94	14	time	time	NOUN
ideas-8101	94	15	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	94	16	reflecting	reflect	VERB
ideas-8101	94	17	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	94	18	motivational	motivational	ADJ
ideas-8101	94	19	power	power	NOUN
ideas-8101	94	20	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	94	21	gamification	gamification	NOUN
ideas-8101	94	22	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	94	23	maintaining	maintain	VERB
ideas-8101	94	24	independent	independent	ADJ
ideas-8101	94	25	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	94	26	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
ideas-8101	94	27	beyond	beyond	ADP
ideas-8101	94	28	formal	formal	ADJ
ideas-8101	94	29	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ideas-8101	94	30	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	95	1	however	however	ADV
ideas-8101	95	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	95	3	some	some	DET
ideas-8101	95	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ideas-8101	95	5	also	also	ADV
ideas-8101	95	6	reveal	reveal	VERB
ideas-8101	95	7	contrasts	contrast	NOUN
ideas-8101	95	8	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	95	9	earlier	early	ADJ
ideas-8101	95	10	research	research	NOUN
ideas-8101	95	11	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	96	1	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	96	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ideas-8101	96	3	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	96	4	fanni	fanni	PROPN
ideas-8101	96	5	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	96	6	maharani	maharani	PROPN
ideas-8101	96	7	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	96	8	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	96	9	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	96	10	observed	observe	VERB
ideas-8101	96	11	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	96	12	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	96	13	’s	’s	PART
ideas-8101	96	14	repetitive	repetitive	ADJ
ideas-8101	96	15	structure	structure	NOUN
ideas-8101	96	16	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	96	17	“	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	96	18	lives	life	NOUN
ideas-8101	96	19	”	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	96	20	system	system	NOUN
ideas-8101	96	21	could	could	AUX
ideas-8101	96	22	reduce	reduce	VERB
ideas-8101	96	23	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	96	24	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	96	25	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ideas-8101	96	26	participants	participant	NOUN
ideas-8101	96	27	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	96	28	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	96	29	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	96	30	perceived	perceive	VERB
ideas-8101	96	31	repetition	repetition	NOUN
ideas-8101	96	32	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	96	33	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	96	34	helpful	helpful	ADJ
ideas-8101	96	35	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
ideas-8101	96	36	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	96	37	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
ideas-8101	96	38	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	96	39	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	97	1	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	97	2	inconsistency	inconsistency	NOUN
ideas-8101	97	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
ideas-8101	97	4	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	97	5	gamification	gamification	NOUN
ideas-8101	97	6	may	may	AUX
ideas-8101	97	7	affect	affect	VERB
ideas-8101	97	8	learners	learner	NOUN
ideas-8101	97	9	differently	differently	ADV
ideas-8101	97	10	depending	depend	VERB
ideas-8101	97	11	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	97	12	their	their	PRON
ideas-8101	97	13	goals	goal	NOUN
ideas-8101	97	14	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	97	15	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
ideas-8101	97	16	levels	level	NOUN
ideas-8101	97	17	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	97	18	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	97	19	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	97	20	contexts	contexts	NOUN
ideas-8101	97	21	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	98	1	likewise	likewise	ADV
ideas-8101	98	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	98	3	yundayani	yundayani	PROPN
ideas-8101	98	4	et	et	PROPN
ideas-8101	98	5	al	al	PROPN
ideas-8101	98	6	.	.	PROPN
ideas-8101	98	7	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	98	8	2023	2023	NUM
ideas-8101	98	9	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	98	10	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ideas-8101	98	11	several	several	ADJ
ideas-8101	98	12	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ideas-8101	98	13	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	98	14	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	98	15	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	98	16	such	such	ADJ
ideas-8101	98	17	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	98	18	unrealistic	unrealistic	ADJ
ideas-8101	98	19	visual	visual	ADJ
ideas-8101	98	20	materials	material	NOUN
ideas-8101	98	21	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	98	22	limited	limited	ADJ
ideas-8101	98	23	interactivity	interactivity	NOUN
ideas-8101	98	24	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	98	25	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	98	26	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ideas-8101	98	27	—	—	PUNCT
ideas-8101	98	28	issues	issue	NOUN
ideas-8101	98	29	that	that	PRON
ideas-8101	98	30	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	98	31	echoed	echo	VERB
ideas-8101	98	32	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	98	33	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	98	34	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	98	35	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	98	36	particularly	particularly	ADV
ideas-8101	98	37	regarding	regard	VERB
ideas-8101	98	38	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	98	39	lack	lack	NOUN
ideas-8101	98	40	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	98	41	authentic	authentic	ADJ
ideas-8101	98	42	speaking	speak	VERB
ideas-8101	98	43	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ideas-8101	98	44	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	98	45	dependency	dependency	NOUN
ideas-8101	98	46	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	98	47	internet	internet	NOUN
ideas-8101	98	48	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
ideas-8101	98	49	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	99	1	contextual	contextual	ADJ
ideas-8101	99	2	factors	factor	NOUN
ideas-8101	99	3	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	99	4	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	99	5	indonesian	indonesian	ADJ
ideas-8101	99	6	higher	high	ADJ
ideas-8101	99	7	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	99	8	environment	environment	NOUN
ideas-8101	99	9	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	99	10	particularly	particularly	ADV
ideas-8101	99	11	at	at	ADP
ideas-8101	99	12	universitas	universita	NOUN
ideas-8101	99	13	sembilanbelas	sembilanbelas	PROPN
ideas-8101	99	14	november	november	PROPN
ideas-8101	99	15	kolaka	kolaka	PROPN
ideas-8101	99	16	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	99	17	appear	appear	VERB
ideas-8101	99	18	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	99	19	play	play	VERB
ideas-8101	99	20	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	99	21	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ideas-8101	99	22	role	role	NOUN
ideas-8101	99	23	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	99	24	shaping	shape	VERB
ideas-8101	99	25	these	these	DET
ideas-8101	99	26	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	99	27	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	100	1	limited	limit	VERB
ideas-8101	100	2	digital	digital	ADJ
ideas-8101	100	3	resources	resource	NOUN
ideas-8101	100	4	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	100	5	unstable	unstable	ADJ
ideas-8101	100	6	internet	internet	NOUN
ideas-8101	100	7	access	access	NOUN
ideas-8101	100	8	may	may	AUX
ideas-8101	100	9	explain	explain	VERB
ideas-8101	100	10	why	why	SCONJ
ideas-8101	100	11	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	100	12	value	value	VERB
ideas-8101	100	13	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	100	14	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	100	15	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	100	16	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
ideas-8101	100	17	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	100	18	aid	aid	NOUN
ideas-8101	100	19	rather	rather	ADV
ideas-8101	100	20	than	than	ADP
ideas-8101	100	21	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	100	22	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ideas-8101	100	23	platform	platform	NOUN
ideas-8101	100	24	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	101	1	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	101	2	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	101	3	context	context	NOUN
ideas-8101	101	4	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	101	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	101	6	compensates	compensate	NOUN
ideas-8101	101	7	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	101	8	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	101	9	lack	lack	NOUN
ideas-8101	101	10	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	101	11	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ideas-8101	101	12	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	101	13	exposure	exposure	NOUN
ideas-8101	101	14	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	101	15	offering	offer	VERB
ideas-8101	101	16	accessible	accessible	ADJ
ideas-8101	101	17	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	101	18	selfpaced	selfpace	VERB
ideas-8101	101	19	practice	practice	NOUN
ideas-8101	101	20	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	101	21	which	which	PRON
ideas-8101	101	22	aligns	align	VERB
ideas-8101	101	23	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	101	24	bhat	bhat	PROPN
ideas-8101	101	25	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	101	26	2023	2023	NUM
ideas-8101	101	27	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	101	28	who	who	PRON
ideas-8101	101	29	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
ideas-8101	101	30	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	101	31	importance	importance	NOUN
ideas-8101	101	32	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	101	33	thoughtful	thoughtful	ADJ
ideas-8101	101	34	technological	technological	ADJ
ideas-8101	101	35	integration	integration	NOUN
ideas-8101	101	36	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	101	37	fostering	foster	VERB
ideas-8101	101	38	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
ideas-8101	101	39	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	101	40	engaging	engage	VERB
ideas-8101	101	41	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	101	42	environments	environment	NOUN
ideas-8101	101	43	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	102	1	pedagogically	pedagogically	ADV
ideas-8101	102	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	102	3	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	102	4	results	result	NOUN
ideas-8101	102	5	underscore	underscore	VERB
ideas-8101	102	6	that	that	DET
ideas-8101	102	7	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	102	8	should	should	AUX
ideas-8101	102	9	be	be	AUX
ideas-8101	102	10	integrated	integrate	VERB
ideas-8101	102	11	into	into	ADP
ideas-8101	102	12	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	102	13	blended	blend	VERB
ideas-8101	102	14	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	102	15	framework	framework	NOUN
ideas-8101	102	16	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	102	17	where	where	SCONJ
ideas-8101	102	18	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ideas-8101	102	19	link	link	VERB
ideas-8101	102	20	its	its	PRON
ideas-8101	102	21	content	content	NOUN
ideas-8101	102	22	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	102	23	classroom	classroom	VERB
ideas-8101	102	24	objectives	objective	NOUN
ideas-8101	102	25	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	102	26	communicative	communicative	ADJ
ideas-8101	102	27	tasks	task	NOUN
ideas-8101	102	28	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	103	1	educators	educator	NOUN
ideas-8101	103	2	can	can	AUX
ideas-8101	103	3	leverage	leverage	VERB
ideas-8101	103	4	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	103	5	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	103	6	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	103	7	from	from	ADP
ideas-8101	103	8	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	103	9	app	app	NOUN
ideas-8101	103	10	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	103	11	designing	design	VERB
ideas-8101	103	12	follow	follow	NOUN
ideas-8101	103	13	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	103	14	up	up	NOUN
ideas-8101	103	15	speaking	speak	VERB
ideas-8101	103	16	or	or	CCONJ
ideas-8101	103	17	writing	write	VERB
ideas-8101	103	18	activities	activity	NOUN
ideas-8101	103	19	that	that	PRON
ideas-8101	103	20	transfer	transfer	VERB
ideas-8101	103	21	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
ideas-8101	103	22	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	103	23	structures	structure	NOUN
ideas-8101	103	24	into	into	ADP
ideas-8101	103	25	authentic	authentic	ADJ
ideas-8101	103	26	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	103	27	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	104	1	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	104	2	approach	approach	NOUN
ideas-8101	104	3	bridges	bridge	VERB
ideas-8101	104	4	digital	digital	ADJ
ideas-8101	104	5	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	104	6	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	104	7	communicative	communicative	ADJ
ideas-8101	104	8	competence	competence	NOUN
ideas-8101	104	9	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	104	10	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ideas-8101	104	11	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	104	12	gamified	gamifie	VERB
ideas-8101	104	13	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	104	14	contributes	contribute	VERB
ideas-8101	104	15	meaningfully	meaningfully	ADV
ideas-8101	104	16	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	104	17	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	104	18	development	development	NOUN
ideas-8101	104	19	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	105	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ideas-8101	105	2	its	its	PRON
ideas-8101	105	3	contributions	contribution	NOUN
ideas-8101	105	4	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	105	5	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	105	6	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	105	7	has	have	VERB
ideas-8101	105	8	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ideas-8101	105	9	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	106	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	106	2	sample	sample	NOUN
ideas-8101	106	3	was	be	AUX
ideas-8101	106	4	small	small	ADJ
ideas-8101	106	5	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	106	6	drawn	draw	VERB
ideas-8101	106	7	from	from	ADP
ideas-8101	106	8	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	106	9	single	single	ADJ
ideas-8101	106	10	institution	institution	NOUN
ideas-8101	106	11	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	106	12	which	which	PRON
ideas-8101	106	13	constrains	constrain	VERB
ideas-8101	106	14	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	106	15	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
ideas-8101	106	16	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	106	17	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	106	18	findings	finding	NOUN
ideas-8101	106	19	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	107	1	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ideas-8101	107	2	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
ideas-8101	107	3	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	107	4	reliance	reliance	NOUN
ideas-8101	107	5	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	107	6	self	self	NOUN
ideas-8101	107	7	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	107	8	reported	report	VERB
ideas-8101	107	9	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	107	10	may	may	AUX
ideas-8101	107	11	also	also	ADV
ideas-8101	107	12	introduce	introduce	VERB
ideas-8101	107	13	bias	bias	NOUN
ideas-8101	107	14	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	108	1	future	future	ADJ
ideas-8101	108	2	studies	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	108	3	should	should	AUX
ideas-8101	108	4	adopt	adopt	VERB
ideas-8101	108	5	mixed	mixed	ADJ
ideas-8101	108	6	methods	method	NOUN
ideas-8101	108	7	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	108	8	larger	large	ADJ
ideas-8101	108	9	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	108	10	more	more	ADV
ideas-8101	108	11	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ideas-8101	108	12	participants	participant	NOUN
ideas-8101	108	13	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	108	14	validate	validate	VERB
ideas-8101	108	15	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	108	16	results	result	NOUN
ideas-8101	108	17	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	108	18	explore	explore	VERB
ideas-8101	108	19	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
ideas-8101	108	20	effects	effect	NOUN
ideas-8101	108	21	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	108	22	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	108	23	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	108	24	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	109	1	finally	finally	ADV
ideas-8101	109	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	109	3	alternative	alternative	ADJ
ideas-8101	109	4	explanations	explanation	NOUN
ideas-8101	109	5	should	should	AUX
ideas-8101	109	6	be	be	AUX
ideas-8101	109	7	considered	consider	VERB
ideas-8101	109	8	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	110	1	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	110	2	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	110	3	perceived	perceive	VERB
ideas-8101	110	4	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ideas-8101	110	5	—	—	PUNCT
ideas-8101	110	6	such	such	ADJ
ideas-8101	110	7	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	110	8	boredom	boredom	NOUN
ideas-8101	110	9	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	110	10	repetition	repetition	NOUN
ideas-8101	110	11	or	or	CCONJ
ideas-8101	110	12	lack	lack	NOUN
ideas-8101	110	13	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	110	14	speaking	speak	VERB
ideas-8101	110	15	practice	practice	NOUN
ideas-8101	110	16	—	—	PUNCT
ideas-8101	110	17	may	may	AUX
ideas-8101	110	18	result	result	VERB
ideas-8101	110	19	not	not	PART
ideas-8101	110	20	only	only	ADV
ideas-8101	110	21	from	from	ADP
ideas-8101	110	22	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	110	23	app	app	NOUN
ideas-8101	110	24	design	design	NOUN
ideas-8101	110	25	but	but	CCONJ
ideas-8101	110	26	also	also	ADV
ideas-8101	110	27	from	from	ADP
ideas-8101	110	28	their	their	PRON
ideas-8101	110	29	low	low	ADJ
ideas-8101	110	30	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
ideas-8101	110	31	levels	level	NOUN
ideas-8101	110	32	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	110	33	limited	limited	ADJ
ideas-8101	110	34	real	real	ADJ
ideas-8101	110	35	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	110	36	world	world	NOUN
ideas-8101	110	37	communication	communication	NOUN
ideas-8101	110	38	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ideas-8101	110	39	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	111	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	111	2	“	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	111	3	novelty	novelty	NOUN
ideas-8101	111	4	effect	effect	NOUN
ideas-8101	111	5	”	"	PUNCT
ideas-8101	111	6	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	111	7	gamification	gamification	NOUN
ideas-8101	111	8	might	might	AUX
ideas-8101	111	9	also	also	ADV
ideas-8101	111	10	diminish	diminish	VERB
ideas-8101	111	11	over	over	ADP
ideas-8101	111	12	time	time	NOUN
ideas-8101	111	13	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	111	14	reducing	reduce	VERB
ideas-8101	111	15	long	long	ADJ
ideas-8101	111	16	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	111	17	term	term	NOUN
ideas-8101	111	18	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	111	19	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	112	1	overall	overall	ADV
ideas-8101	112	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	112	3	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	112	4	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	5	contributes	contribute	VERB
ideas-8101	112	6	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	112	7	both	both	DET
ideas-8101	112	8	theory	theory	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	9	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	112	10	practice	practice	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	11	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	112	12	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
ideas-8101	112	13	ayu	ayu	PROPN
ideas-8101	112	14	andira	andira	PROPN
ideas-8101	112	15	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	112	16	hariadi	hariadi	ADJ
ideas-8101	112	17	syam	syam	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	18	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	112	19	alifia	alifia	ADJ
ideas-8101	112	20	pratiwi	pratiwi	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	21	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	112	22	ray	ray	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	23	suryadi	suryadi	PROPN
ideas-8101	112	24	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	112	25	rais	rais	PROPN
ideas-8101	112	26	abin	abin	PROPN
ideas-8101	112	27	exploring	explore	VERB
ideas-8101	112	28	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	29	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	30	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	112	31	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	32	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	112	33	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	112	34	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	112	35	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	112	36	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	37	6056	6056	NUM
ideas-8101	112	38	that	that	PRON
ideas-8101	112	39	gamification	gamification	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	40	can	can	AUX
ideas-8101	112	41	enhance	enhance	VERB
ideas-8101	112	42	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	43	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	112	44	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	45	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	112	46	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	112	47	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	48	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	112	49	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	50	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	51	when	when	SCONJ
ideas-8101	112	52	properly	properly	ADV
ideas-8101	112	53	contextualized	contextualize	VERB
ideas-8101	112	54	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	112	55	integrated	integrate	VERB
ideas-8101	112	56	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	112	57	formal	formal	ADJ
ideas-8101	112	58	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ideas-8101	112	59	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	113	1	it	it	PRON
ideas-8101	113	2	highlights	highlight	VERB
ideas-8101	113	3	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	113	4	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	113	5	works	work	VERB
ideas-8101	113	6	best	good	ADJ
ideas-8101	113	7	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	113	8	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	113	9	supportive	supportive	ADJ
ideas-8101	113	10	element	element	NOUN
ideas-8101	113	11	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	113	12	blended	blended	ADJ
ideas-8101	113	13	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	113	14	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	113	15	where	where	SCONJ
ideas-8101	113	16	digital	digital	ADJ
ideas-8101	113	17	gamification	gamification	NOUN
ideas-8101	113	18	complements	complement	VERB
ideas-8101	113	19	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ideas-8101	113	20	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	113	21	guided	guide	VERB
ideas-8101	113	22	communicative	communicative	ADJ
ideas-8101	113	23	practice	practice	NOUN
ideas-8101	113	24	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	113	25	create	create	VERB
ideas-8101	113	26	an	an	DET
ideas-8101	113	27	effective	effective	ADJ
ideas-8101	113	28	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	113	29	motivating	motivating	NOUN
ideas-8101	113	30	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	113	31	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN
ideas-8101	113	32	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	114	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ideas-8101	114	2	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	114	3	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	114	4	examined	examine	VERB
ideas-8101	114	5	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	114	6	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	114	7	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	114	8	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	114	9	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	114	10	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	114	11	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	114	12	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	114	13	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	114	14	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	114	15	application	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	114	16	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	115	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	115	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ideas-8101	115	3	reveal	reveal	VERB
ideas-8101	115	4	that	that	PRON
ideas-8101	115	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	115	6	effectively	effectively	ADV
ideas-8101	115	7	supports	support	VERB
ideas-8101	115	8	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
ideas-8101	115	9	development	development	NOUN
ideas-8101	115	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	115	11	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	115	12	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	115	13	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	115	14	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	115	15	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
ideas-8101	115	16	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	115	17	habits	habit	NOUN
ideas-8101	115	18	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	115	19	its	its	PRON
ideas-8101	115	20	interactive	interactive	ADJ
ideas-8101	115	21	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	115	22	gamified	gamified	ADJ
ideas-8101	115	23	features	feature	NOUN
ideas-8101	115	24	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	116	1	however	however	ADV
ideas-8101	116	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	116	3	several	several	ADJ
ideas-8101	116	4	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ideas-8101	116	5	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	116	6	identified	identify	VERB
ideas-8101	116	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	116	8	including	include	VERB
ideas-8101	116	9	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	116	10	lack	lack	NOUN
ideas-8101	116	11	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	116	12	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ideas-8101	116	13	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	116	14	authentic	authentic	ADJ
ideas-8101	116	15	speaking	speaking	NOUN
ideas-8101	116	16	practice	practice	NOUN
ideas-8101	116	17	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	116	18	repetitive	repetitive	ADJ
ideas-8101	116	19	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	116	20	activities	activity	NOUN
ideas-8101	116	21	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	116	22	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	116	23	unstable	unstable	ADJ
ideas-8101	116	24	internet	internet	NOUN
ideas-8101	116	25	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
ideas-8101	116	26	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	117	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ideas-8101	117	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	117	3	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	117	4	was	be	AUX
ideas-8101	117	5	primarily	primarily	ADV
ideas-8101	117	6	used	use	VERB
ideas-8101	117	7	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	117	8	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	117	9	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
ideas-8101	117	10	tool	tool	NOUN
ideas-8101	117	11	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	117	12	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
ideas-8101	117	13	greater	great	ADJ
ideas-8101	117	14	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ideas-8101	117	15	when	when	SCONJ
ideas-8101	117	16	its	its	PRON
ideas-8101	117	17	activities	activity	NOUN
ideas-8101	117	18	were	be	AUX
ideas-8101	117	19	aligned	align	VERB
ideas-8101	117	20	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	117	21	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ideas-8101	117	22	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ideas-8101	117	23	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	118	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	118	2	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	118	3	’s	’s	PART
ideas-8101	118	4	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ideas-8101	118	5	should	should	AUX
ideas-8101	118	6	be	be	AUX
ideas-8101	118	7	interpreted	interpret	VERB
ideas-8101	118	8	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	118	9	care	care	NOUN
ideas-8101	118	10	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	119	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	119	2	small	small	ADJ
ideas-8101	119	3	number	number	NOUN
ideas-8101	119	4	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	119	5	participants	participant	NOUN
ideas-8101	119	6	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	119	7	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	119	8	focus	focus	NOUN
ideas-8101	119	9	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	119	10	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	119	11	single	single	ADJ
ideas-8101	119	12	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ideas-8101	119	13	context	context	NOUN
ideas-8101	119	14	limit	limit	NOUN
ideas-8101	119	15	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	119	16	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
ideas-8101	119	17	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	119	18	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	119	19	findings	finding	NOUN
ideas-8101	119	20	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	120	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ideas-8101	120	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	120	3	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	120	4	research	research	NOUN
ideas-8101	120	5	did	do	AUX
ideas-8101	120	6	not	not	PART
ideas-8101	120	7	examine	examine	VERB
ideas-8101	120	8	long	long	ADJ
ideas-8101	120	9	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	120	10	term	term	NOUN
ideas-8101	120	11	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	120	12	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
ideas-8101	120	13	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ideas-8101	120	14	or	or	CCONJ
ideas-8101	120	15	compare	compare	VERB
ideas-8101	120	16	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	120	17	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	120	18	other	other	ADJ
ideas-8101	120	19	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	120	20	platforms	platform	NOUN
ideas-8101	120	21	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	121	1	these	these	DET
ideas-8101	121	2	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ideas-8101	121	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
ideas-8101	121	4	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	121	5	future	future	ADJ
ideas-8101	121	6	research	research	NOUN
ideas-8101	121	7	should	should	AUX
ideas-8101	121	8	employ	employ	VERB
ideas-8101	121	9	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
ideas-8101	121	10	designs	design	NOUN
ideas-8101	121	11	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	121	12	broader	broad	ADJ
ideas-8101	121	13	participant	participant	ADJ
ideas-8101	121	14	samples	sample	NOUN
ideas-8101	121	15	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	121	16	provide	provide	VERB
ideas-8101	121	17	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	121	18	more	more	ADV
ideas-8101	121	19	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ideas-8101	121	20	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ideas-8101	121	21	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	121	22	mobile	mobile	NOUN
ideas-8101	121	23	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	121	24	assisted	assist	VERB
ideas-8101	121	25	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	121	26	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	121	27	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	121	28	mall	mall	NOUN
ideas-8101	121	29	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	121	30	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	121	31	higher	high	ADJ
ideas-8101	121	32	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	121	33	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	122	1	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ideas-8101	122	2	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	122	3	implications	implication	NOUN
ideas-8101	122	4	1	1	NUM
ideas-8101	122	5	.	.	X
ideas-8101	123	1	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	123	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ideas-8101	123	3	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ideas-8101	123	4	are	be	AUX
ideas-8101	123	5	encouraged	encourage	VERB
ideas-8101	123	6	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	123	7	integrate	integrate	VERB
ideas-8101	123	8	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	123	9	strategically	strategically	ADV
ideas-8101	123	10	within	within	ADP
ideas-8101	123	11	blended	blended	ADJ
ideas-8101	123	12	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	123	13	environments	environment	NOUN
ideas-8101	123	14	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	124	1	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	124	2	aligning	align	VERB
ideas-8101	124	3	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	124	4	exercises	exercise	NOUN
ideas-8101	124	5	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	124	6	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ideas-8101	124	7	content	content	NOUN
ideas-8101	124	8	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	124	9	communicative	communicative	ADJ
ideas-8101	124	10	tasks	task	NOUN
ideas-8101	124	11	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	124	12	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ideas-8101	124	13	can	can	AUX
ideas-8101	124	14	extend	extend	VERB
ideas-8101	124	15	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	124	16	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ideas-8101	124	17	beyond	beyond	ADP
ideas-8101	124	18	class	class	NOUN
ideas-8101	124	19	hours	hour	NOUN
ideas-8101	124	20	while	while	SCONJ
ideas-8101	124	21	maintaining	maintain	VERB
ideas-8101	124	22	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
ideas-8101	124	23	coherence	coherence	NOUN
ideas-8101	124	24	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	125	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ideas-8101	125	2	might	might	AUX
ideas-8101	125	3	also	also	ADV
ideas-8101	125	4	use	use	VERB
ideas-8101	125	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	125	6	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	125	7	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	125	8	formative	formative	ADJ
ideas-8101	125	9	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ideas-8101	125	10	tool	tool	NOUN
ideas-8101	125	11	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	125	12	track	track	VERB
ideas-8101	125	13	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
ideas-8101	125	14	progress	progress	NOUN
ideas-8101	125	15	or	or	CCONJ
ideas-8101	125	16	encourage	encourage	VERB
ideas-8101	125	17	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
ideas-8101	125	18	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	125	19	habits	habit	NOUN
ideas-8101	125	20	among	among	ADP
ideas-8101	125	21	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	125	22	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	126	1	2	2	X
ideas-8101	126	2	.	.	X
ideas-8101	126	3	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	126	4	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ideas-8101	126	5	designers	designer	NOUN
ideas-8101	126	6	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ideas-8101	126	7	designers	designer	NOUN
ideas-8101	126	8	should	should	AUX
ideas-8101	126	9	consider	consider	VERB
ideas-8101	126	10	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
ideas-8101	126	11	mobile	mobile	ADJ
ideas-8101	126	12	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	126	13	applications	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	126	14	such	such	ADJ
ideas-8101	126	15	as	as	ADP
ideas-8101	126	16	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	126	17	into	into	ADP
ideas-8101	126	18	official	official	ADJ
ideas-8101	126	19	syllabi	syllabus	NOUN
ideas-8101	126	20	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	126	21	particularly	particularly	ADV
ideas-8101	126	22	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	126	23	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
ideas-8101	126	24	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	126	25	grammar	grammar	NOUN
ideas-8101	126	26	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
ideas-8101	126	27	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	127	1	doing	do	VERB
ideas-8101	127	2	so	so	ADV
ideas-8101	127	3	could	could	AUX
ideas-8101	127	4	enhance	enhance	VERB
ideas-8101	127	5	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
ideas-8101	127	6	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	127	7	learner	learner	NOUN
ideas-8101	127	8	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ideas-8101	127	9	while	while	SCONJ
ideas-8101	127	10	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ideas-8101	127	11	that	that	SCONJ
ideas-8101	127	12	digital	digital	ADJ
ideas-8101	127	13	tools	tool	NOUN
ideas-8101	127	14	complement	complement	NOUN
ideas-8101	127	15	—	—	PUNCT
ideas-8101	127	16	not	not	PART
ideas-8101	127	17	replace	replace	NOUN
ideas-8101	127	18	—	—	PUNCT
ideas-8101	127	19	core	core	ADJ
ideas-8101	127	20	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ideas-8101	127	21	objectives	objective	NOUN
ideas-8101	127	22	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	128	1	clear	clear	ADJ
ideas-8101	128	2	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
ideas-8101	128	3	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	128	4	balancing	balance	VERB
ideas-8101	128	5	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	128	6	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	128	7	app	app	NOUN
ideas-8101	128	8	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	128	9	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	128	10	interactive	interactive	ADJ
ideas-8101	128	11	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ideas-8101	128	12	activities	activity	NOUN
ideas-8101	128	13	are	be	AUX
ideas-8101	128	14	essential	essential	ADJ
ideas-8101	128	15	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	128	16	maximizing	maximize	VERB
ideas-8101	128	17	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ideas-8101	128	18	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	129	1	3	3	X
ideas-8101	129	2	.	.	X
ideas-8101	129	3	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	129	4	app	app	NOUN
ideas-8101	129	5	developers	developer	NOUN
ideas-8101	129	6	duolingo	duolingo	VERB
ideas-8101	129	7	developers	developer	NOUN
ideas-8101	129	8	could	could	AUX
ideas-8101	129	9	enhance	enhance	VERB
ideas-8101	129	10	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	129	11	platform	platform	NOUN
ideas-8101	129	12	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	129	13	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
ideas-8101	129	14	more	more	ADV
ideas-8101	129	15	interactive	interactive	ADJ
ideas-8101	129	16	speaking	speaking	NOUN
ideas-8101	129	17	tasks	task	NOUN
ideas-8101	129	18	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	129	19	contextualized	contextualized	ADJ
ideas-8101	129	20	dialogues	dialogue	NOUN
ideas-8101	129	21	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	129	22	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	129	23	localized	localized	ADJ
ideas-8101	129	24	content	content	NOUN
ideas-8101	129	25	relevant	relevant	ADJ
ideas-8101	129	26	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	129	27	indonesian	indonesian	ADJ
ideas-8101	129	28	learners	learner	NOUN
ideas-8101	129	29	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	130	1	improved	improve	VERB
ideas-8101	130	2	offline	offline	ADJ
ideas-8101	130	3	functionality	functionality	NOUN
ideas-8101	130	4	would	would	AUX
ideas-8101	130	5	also	also	ADV
ideas-8101	130	6	benefit	benefit	VERB
ideas-8101	130	7	users	user	NOUN
ideas-8101	130	8	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	130	9	ideas	idea	NOUN
ideas-8101	130	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	130	11	vol	vol	NOUN
ideas-8101	130	12	.	.	PROPN
ideas-8101	130	13	13	13	NUM
ideas-8101	130	14	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	130	15	no	no	INTJ
ideas-8101	130	16	.	.	NOUN
ideas-8101	130	17	2	2	NUM
ideas-8101	130	18	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	130	19	december	december	PROPN
ideas-8101	130	20	2025	2025	NUM
ideas-8101	130	21	issn	issn	VERB
ideas-8101	130	22	2338	2338	NUM
ideas-8101	130	23	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	130	24	4778	4778	NUM
ideas-8101	130	25	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	130	26	print	print	NOUN
ideas-8101	130	27	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	130	28	issn	issn	VERB
ideas-8101	130	29	2548	2548	NUM
ideas-8101	130	30	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	130	31	4192	4192	NUM
ideas-8101	130	32	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	130	33	online	online	ADJ
ideas-8101	130	34	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	130	35	6057	6057	NUM
ideas-8101	130	36	regions	region	NOUN
ideas-8101	130	37	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	130	38	limited	limited	ADJ
ideas-8101	130	39	internet	internet	NOUN
ideas-8101	130	40	access	access	NOUN
ideas-8101	130	41	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	130	42	supporting	support	VERB
ideas-8101	130	43	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ideas-8101	130	44	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	130	45	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ideas-8101	130	46	across	across	ADP
ideas-8101	130	47	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ideas-8101	130	48	settings	setting	NOUN
ideas-8101	130	49	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	131	1	4	4	X
ideas-8101	131	2	.	.	X
ideas-8101	131	3	policy	policy	NOUN
ideas-8101	131	4	implications	implication	NOUN
ideas-8101	131	5	at	at	ADP
ideas-8101	131	6	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	131	7	policy	policy	NOUN
ideas-8101	131	8	level	level	NOUN
ideas-8101	131	9	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	131	10	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	131	11	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	131	12	highlights	highlight	VERB
ideas-8101	131	13	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	131	14	growing	grow	VERB
ideas-8101	131	15	importance	importance	NOUN
ideas-8101	131	16	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	131	17	integrating	integrate	VERB
ideas-8101	131	18	educational	educational	ADJ
ideas-8101	131	19	technology	technology	NOUN
ideas-8101	131	20	into	into	ADP
ideas-8101	131	21	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
ideas-8101	131	22	’s	’s	PART
ideas-8101	131	23	higher	high	ADJ
ideas-8101	131	24	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	131	25	system	system	NOUN
ideas-8101	131	26	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	132	1	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
ideas-8101	132	2	should	should	AUX
ideas-8101	132	3	support	support	VERB
ideas-8101	132	4	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ideas-8101	132	5	training	training	NOUN
ideas-8101	132	6	programs	program	NOUN
ideas-8101	132	7	focused	focus	VERB
ideas-8101	132	8	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	132	9	digital	digital	ADJ
ideas-8101	132	10	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
ideas-8101	132	11	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	132	12	allocate	allocate	ADJ
ideas-8101	132	13	resources	resource	NOUN
ideas-8101	132	14	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	132	15	mobile	mobile	NOUN
ideas-8101	132	16	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	132	17	based	base	VERB
ideas-8101	132	18	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	132	19	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ideas-8101	132	20	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	132	21	promote	promote	VERB
ideas-8101	132	22	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
ideas-8101	132	23	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	132	24	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
ideas-8101	132	25	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	132	26	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	132	27	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	133	1	contribution	contribution	NOUN
ideas-8101	133	2	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	133	3	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	133	4	field	field	NOUN
ideas-8101	133	5	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	133	6	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	133	7	contributes	contribute	VERB
ideas-8101	133	8	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	133	9	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	133	10	growing	grow	VERB
ideas-8101	133	11	body	body	NOUN
ideas-8101	133	12	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	133	13	research	research	NOUN
ideas-8101	133	14	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	133	15	mobile	mobile	NOUN
ideas-8101	133	16	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	133	17	assisted	assist	VERB
ideas-8101	133	18	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	133	19	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	133	20	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	133	21	offering	offer	VERB
ideas-8101	133	22	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ideas-8101	133	23	insights	insight	NOUN
ideas-8101	133	24	into	into	ADP
ideas-8101	133	25	how	how	SCONJ
ideas-8101	133	26	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	133	27	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	133	28	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	133	29	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
ideas-8101	133	30	engage	engage	VERB
ideas-8101	133	31	with	with	ADP
ideas-8101	133	32	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	133	33	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	134	1	it	it	PRON
ideas-8101	134	2	underscores	underscore	VERB
ideas-8101	134	3	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	134	4	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
ideas-8101	134	5	potential	potential	NOUN
ideas-8101	134	6	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	134	7	gamified	gamifie	VERB
ideas-8101	134	8	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	134	9	applications	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	134	10	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	134	11	foster	foster	VERB
ideas-8101	134	12	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	134	13	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	134	14	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ideas-8101	134	15	while	while	SCONJ
ideas-8101	134	16	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
ideas-8101	134	17	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	134	18	need	need	NOUN
ideas-8101	134	19	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	134	20	thoughtful	thoughtful	ADJ
ideas-8101	134	21	integration	integration	NOUN
ideas-8101	134	22	within	within	ADP
ideas-8101	134	23	formal	formal	ADJ
ideas-8101	134	24	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	134	25	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	135	1	by	by	ADP
ideas-8101	135	2	highlighting	highlight	VERB
ideas-8101	135	3	both	both	CCONJ
ideas-8101	135	4	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	135	5	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ideas-8101	135	6	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	135	7	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	135	8	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ideas-8101	135	9	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	135	10	such	such	ADJ
ideas-8101	135	11	tools	tool	NOUN
ideas-8101	135	12	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	135	13	this	this	DET
ideas-8101	135	14	research	research	NOUN
ideas-8101	135	15	provides	provide	VERB
ideas-8101	135	16	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	135	17	foundation	foundation	NOUN
ideas-8101	135	18	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	135	19	future	future	ADJ
ideas-8101	135	20	innovations	innovation	NOUN
ideas-8101	135	21	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	135	22	digital	digital	ADJ
ideas-8101	135	23	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	135	24	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	135	25	practices	practice	NOUN
ideas-8101	135	26	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	136	1	references	reference	NOUN
ideas-8101	136	2	ali	ali	PROPN
ideas-8101	136	3	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	136	4	bay	bay	PROPN
ideas-8101	136	5	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	136	6	w.	w.	PROPN
ideas-8101	136	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	136	8	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	136	9	faisal	faisal	PROPN
ideas-8101	136	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	136	11	n.	n.	PROPN
ideas-8101	136	12	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	136	13	2025	2025	NUM
ideas-8101	136	14	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	136	15	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	137	1	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ideas-8101	137	2	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	137	3	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	137	4	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	137	5	speaking	speak	VERB
ideas-8101	137	6	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
ideas-8101	137	7	among	among	ADP
ideas-8101	137	8	indonesian	indonesian	ADJ
ideas-8101	137	9	efl	efl	PROPN
ideas-8101	137	10	learners	learner	NOUN
ideas-8101	137	11	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	138	1	international	international	ADJ
ideas-8101	138	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ideas-8101	138	3	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	138	4	integrative	integrative	ADJ
ideas-8101	138	5	sciences	science	NOUN
ideas-8101	138	6	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	138	7	4(6	4(6	NUM
ideas-8101	138	8	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	138	9	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	138	10	1185–1194	1185–1194	NUM
ideas-8101	138	11	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	139	1	https://doi.org/10.55927/ijis.v4i6.327	https://doi.org/10.55927/ijis.v4i6.327	PROPN
ideas-8101	139	2	amin	amin	PROPN
ideas-8101	139	3	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	139	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ideas-8101	139	5	n.	n.	PROPN
ideas-8101	139	6	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	139	7	2021	2021	NUM
ideas-8101	139	8	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	139	9	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	140	1	gamification	gamification	NOUN
ideas-8101	140	2	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	140	3	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	140	4	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	140	5	rising	rise	VERB
ideas-8101	140	6	student	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	140	7	’s	’s	PART
ideas-8101	140	8	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	140	9	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	140	10	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	140	11	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	140	12	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	141	1	jurnal	jurnal	ADJ
ideas-8101	141	2	bahasa	bahasa	PROPN
ideas-8101	141	3	lingua	lingua	PROPN
ideas-8101	141	4	scientia	scientia	PROPN
ideas-8101	141	5	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	141	6	13(2	13(2	PROPN
ideas-8101	141	7	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	141	8	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	141	9	191–213	191–213	NUM
ideas-8101	141	10	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	141	11	https://doi.org/10.21274/ls.2021.13.2.191-213	https://doi.org/10.21274/ls.2021.13.2.191-213	NOUN
ideas-8101	141	12	andini	andini	NOUN
ideas-8101	141	13	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	141	14	j.	j.	PROPN
ideas-8101	141	15	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	141	16	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	141	17	salmiah	salmiah	PROPN
ideas-8101	141	18	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	141	19	m.	m.	NOUN
ideas-8101	141	20	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	141	21	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	141	22	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	141	23	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	142	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	142	2	effect	effect	NOUN
ideas-8101	142	3	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	142	4	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	142	5	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	142	6	student	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	142	7	’s	’s	PART
ideas-8101	142	8	vocabulary	vocabulary	PROPN
ideas-8101	142	9	mastery	mastery	PROPN
ideas-8101	142	10	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	143	1	indonesian	indonesian	PROPN
ideas-8101	143	2	efl	efl	PROPN
ideas-8101	143	3	journal	journal	PROPN
ideas-8101	143	4	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	143	5	10(2	10(2	NUM
ideas-8101	143	6	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	143	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	143	8	247–254	247–254	NUM
ideas-8101	143	9	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	143	10	https://doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v10i2.10089	https://doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v10i2.10089	PROPN
ideas-8101	143	11	azizah	azizah	PROPN
ideas-8101	143	12	palupi	palupi	PROPN
ideas-8101	143	13	cahyoningtyas	cahyoningtyas	PROPN
ideas-8101	143	14	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	144	1	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	144	2	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	144	3	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	144	4	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	145	1	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	145	2	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	145	3	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	145	4	perception	perception	NOUN
ideas-8101	145	5	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	145	6	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	145	7	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	145	8	improve	improve	VERB
ideas-8101	145	9	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
ideas-8101	145	10	mastery	mastery	NOUN
ideas-8101	145	11	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	145	12	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	145	13	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	145	14	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	146	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ideas-8101	146	2	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	146	3	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	146	4	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	146	5	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	146	6	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	146	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	146	8	9(6	9(6	NUM
ideas-8101	146	9	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	146	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	146	11	104–113	104–113	NUM
ideas-8101	146	12	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	147	1	https://doi.org/10.31004/jele.v9i6.595	https://doi.org/10.31004/jele.v9i6.595	PROPN
ideas-8101	147	2	bani	bani	PROPN
ideas-8101	147	3	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	147	4	m.	m.	NOUN
ideas-8101	147	5	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	147	6	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	147	7	masruddin	masruddin	PROPN
ideas-8101	147	8	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	147	9	m.	m.	NOUN
ideas-8101	147	10	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	147	11	2021	2021	NUM
ideas-8101	147	12	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	147	13	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	148	1	development	development	NOUN
ideas-8101	148	2	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	148	3	android	android	PROPN
ideas-8101	148	4	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	148	5	based	base	VERB
ideas-8101	148	6	harmonic	harmonic	ADJ
ideas-8101	148	7	oscillation	oscillation	NOUN
ideas-8101	148	8	pocket	pocket	NOUN
ideas-8101	148	9	book	book	NOUN
ideas-8101	148	10	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	148	11	senior	senior	ADJ
ideas-8101	148	12	high	high	ADJ
ideas-8101	148	13	school	school	NOUN
ideas-8101	148	14	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	148	15	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	149	1	jotse	jotse	PROPN
ideas-8101	149	2	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	149	3	journal	journal	NOUN
ideas-8101	149	4	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	149	5	technology	technology	NOUN
ideas-8101	149	6	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	149	7	science	science	NOUN
ideas-8101	149	8	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	149	9	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	149	10	11(1	11(1	NUM
ideas-8101	149	11	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	149	12	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	149	13	93	93	NUM
ideas-8101	149	14	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	149	15	103	103	NUM
ideas-8101	149	16	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	150	1	bhat	bhat	PROPN
ideas-8101	150	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	150	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ideas-8101	150	4	a.	a.	PROPN
ideas-8101	150	5	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	150	6	2023	2023	NUM
ideas-8101	150	7	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	150	8	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	151	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	151	2	impact	impact	NOUN
ideas-8101	151	3	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	151	4	technology	technology	NOUN
ideas-8101	151	5	integration	integration	NOUN
ideas-8101	151	6	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	151	7	student	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	151	8	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	151	9	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ideas-8101	151	10	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	151	11	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	151	12	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ideas-8101	151	13	study	study	NOUN
ideas-8101	151	14	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	152	1	international	international	ADJ
ideas-8101	152	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ideas-8101	152	3	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	152	4	social	social	ADJ
ideas-8101	152	5	science	science	NOUN
ideas-8101	152	6	educational	educational	ADJ
ideas-8101	152	7	economics	economic	NOUN
ideas-8101	152	8	agriculture	agriculture	PROPN
ideas-8101	152	9	research	research	NOUN
ideas-8101	152	10	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	152	11	technology	technology	NOUN
ideas-8101	152	12	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	152	13	ijset	ijset	NOUN
ideas-8101	152	14	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	152	15	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	152	16	2(9	2(9	NUM
ideas-8101	152	17	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	152	18	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	152	19	592	592	NUM
ideas-8101	152	20	–	–	PUNCT
ideas-8101	152	21	596	596	NUM
ideas-8101	152	22	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	152	23	https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v2i9.218	https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v2i9.218	PROPN
ideas-8101	152	24	fanni	fanni	PROPN
ideas-8101	152	25	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	152	26	s.	s.	PROPN
ideas-8101	152	27	m.	m.	PROPN
ideas-8101	152	28	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	152	29	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	152	30	maharani	maharani	PROPN
ideas-8101	152	31	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	152	32	m.	m.	NOUN
ideas-8101	152	33	m.	m.	NOUN
ideas-8101	152	34	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	152	35	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	152	36	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	152	37	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	153	1	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	153	2	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	153	3	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ideas-8101	153	4	regarding	regard	VERB
ideas-8101	153	5	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	153	6	use	use	NOUN
ideas-8101	153	7	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	153	8	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	153	9	to	to	PART
ideas-8101	153	10	enhance	enhance	VERB
ideas-8101	153	11	grammar	grammar	NOUN
ideas-8101	153	12	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	153	13	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	154	1	indonesian	indonesian	ADJ
ideas-8101	154	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ideas-8101	154	3	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	154	4	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	154	5	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	154	6	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
ideas-8101	154	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	154	8	1(3	1(3	NUM
ideas-8101	154	9	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	154	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	154	11	185–193	185–193	NUM
ideas-8101	154	12	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	1	https://doi.org/10.61251/ijoep.v1i3.98	https://doi.org/10.61251/ijoep.v1i3.98	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	2	ayu	ayu	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	3	andira	andira	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	4	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	5	hariadi	hariadi	ADJ
ideas-8101	155	6	syam	syam	NOUN
ideas-8101	155	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	8	alifia	alifia	ADJ
ideas-8101	155	9	pratiwi	pratiwi	NOUN
ideas-8101	155	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	11	ray	ray	NOUN
ideas-8101	155	12	suryadi	suryadi	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	13	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	14	rais	rais	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	15	abin	abin	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	16	exploring	explore	VERB
ideas-8101	155	17	university	university	NOUN
ideas-8101	155	18	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	155	19	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	20	experiences	experience	NOUN
ideas-8101	155	21	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	155	22	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	23	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	155	24	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	155	25	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	155	26	6058	6058	NUM
ideas-8101	155	27	furwana	furwana	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	28	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	29	d.	d.	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	30	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	31	muin	muin	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	32	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	33	f.	f.	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	34	r.	r.	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	35	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	36	zainuddin	zainuddin	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	37	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	38	a.	a.	NOUN
ideas-8101	155	39	a.	a.	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	40	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	41	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	155	42	mulyani	mulyani	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	43	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	44	a.	a.	NOUN
ideas-8101	155	45	g.	g.	PROPN
ideas-8101	155	46	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	47	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	155	48	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	155	49	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	156	1	unlocking	unlock	VERB
ideas-8101	156	2	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	156	3	potential	potential	NOUN
ideas-8101	156	4	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	156	5	exploring	explore	VERB
ideas-8101	156	6	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	156	7	impact	impact	NOUN
ideas-8101	156	8	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	156	9	online	online	ADJ
ideas-8101	156	10	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ideas-8101	156	11	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	156	12	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	156	13	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	156	14	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ideas-8101	156	15	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	157	1	ideas	idea	NOUN
ideas-8101	157	2	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	157	3	journal	journal	NOUN
ideas-8101	157	4	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	157	5	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	157	6	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	157	7	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ideas-8101	157	8	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	157	9	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	157	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	157	11	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN
ideas-8101	157	12	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	157	13	literature	literature	NOUN
ideas-8101	157	14	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	157	15	12(1	12(1	NUM
ideas-8101	157	16	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	157	17	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	157	18	653	653	NUM
ideas-8101	157	19	-	-	SYM
ideas-8101	157	20	662	662	NUM
ideas-8101	157	21	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	158	1	grana	grana	PROPN
ideas-8101	158	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	158	3	e.	e.	PROPN
ideas-8101	158	4	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	158	5	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	158	6	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	158	7	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	159	1	exploring	explore	VERB
ideas-8101	159	2	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	159	3	factors	factor	NOUN
ideas-8101	159	4	behind	behind	ADP
ideas-8101	159	5	low	low	ADJ
ideas-8101	159	6	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	159	7	proficiencyfocused	proficiencyfocused	ADJ
ideas-8101	159	8	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	159	9	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	160	1	vox	vox	PROPN
ideas-8101	160	2	edukasi	edukasi	PROPN
ideas-8101	160	3	jurnal	jurnal	ADJ
ideas-8101	160	4	ilmiah	ilmiah	PROPN
ideas-8101	160	5	ilmu	ilmu	PROPN
ideas-8101	160	6	pendidikan	pendidikan	X
ideas-8101	160	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	160	8	15(2	15(2	NUM
ideas-8101	160	9	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	160	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	160	11	300–315	300–315	NUM
ideas-8101	160	12	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	161	1	https://doi.org/10.31932/ve.v15i2.4010	https://doi.org/10.31932/ve.v15i2.4010	PROPN
ideas-8101	161	2	hasan	hasan	PROPN
ideas-8101	161	3	alisoy	alisoy	PROPN
ideas-8101	161	4	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	161	5	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	161	6	zarifa	zarifa	PROPN
ideas-8101	161	7	sadiqzade	sadiqzade	NOUN
ideas-8101	161	8	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	162	1	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	162	2	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	162	3	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	162	4	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	163	1	mobile	mobile	NOUN
ideas-8101	163	2	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	163	3	assisted	assist	VERB
ideas-8101	163	4	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	163	5	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	163	6	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	163	7	mall	mall	NOUN
ideas-8101	163	8	):	):	PUNCT
ideas-8101	163	9	revolutionizing	revolutionize	VERB
ideas-8101	163	10	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	163	11	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	163	12	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	164	1	luminis	luminis	PROPN
ideas-8101	164	2	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	164	3	applied	apply	VERB
ideas-8101	164	4	science	science	NOUN
ideas-8101	164	5	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	164	6	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ideas-8101	164	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	164	8	1(1	1(1	NUM
ideas-8101	164	9	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	164	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	164	11	60–72	60–72	NOUN
ideas-8101	164	12	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	165	1	https://doi.org/10.69760/lumin.202400002	https://doi.org/10.69760/lumin.202400002	PROPN
ideas-8101	165	2	hawa	hawa	PROPN
ideas-8101	165	3	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	165	4	z.	z.	PROPN
ideas-8101	165	5	l.	l.	PROPN
ideas-8101	165	6	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	165	7	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	165	8	roslaini	roslaini	ADJ
ideas-8101	165	9	roslaini	roslaini	NOUN
ideas-8101	165	10	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	165	11	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	165	12	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	165	13	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	165	14	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	166	1	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	166	2	’	’	PART
ideas-8101	166	3	perception	perception	NOUN
ideas-8101	166	4	toward	toward	ADP
ideas-8101	166	5	using	use	VERB
ideas-8101	166	6	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	166	7	for	for	ADP
ideas-8101	166	8	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	166	9	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	166	10	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	167	1	klasikal	klasikal	PROPN
ideas-8101	167	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ideas-8101	167	3	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	167	4	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	167	5	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	167	6	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ideas-8101	167	7	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	167	8	science	science	NOUN
ideas-8101	167	9	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	167	10	6(3	6(3	NUM
ideas-8101	167	11	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	167	12	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	167	13	604–611	604–611	NUM
ideas-8101	167	14	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	168	1	https://doi.org/10.52208/klasikal.v6i3.1213	https://doi.org/10.52208/klasikal.v6i3.1213	X
ideas-8101	168	2	hia	hia	PROPN
ideas-8101	168	3	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	168	4	m.	m.	NOUN
ideas-8101	168	5	m.	m.	NOUN
ideas-8101	168	6	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	168	7	muhyidin	muhyidin	NOUN
ideas-8101	168	8	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	168	9	m.	m.	NOUN
ideas-8101	168	10	s.	s.	PROPN
ideas-8101	168	11	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	168	12	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	168	13	setyawan	setyawan	PROPN
ideas-8101	168	14	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	168	15	w.	w.	PROPN
ideas-8101	168	16	h.	h.	PROPN
ideas-8101	168	17	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	168	18	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	168	19	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	168	20	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	169	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	169	2	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ideas-8101	169	3	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	169	4	using	use	VERB
ideas-8101	169	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	169	6	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	169	7	teaching	teach	VERB
ideas-8101	169	8	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
ideas-8101	169	9	to	to	ADP
ideas-8101	169	10	camp	camp	NOUN
ideas-8101	169	11	class	class	NOUN
ideas-8101	169	12	at	at	ADP
ideas-8101	169	13	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	169	14	center	center	NOUN
ideas-8101	169	15	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	170	1	celtic	celtic	ADJ
ideas-8101	170	2	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	170	3	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	170	4	journal	journal	NOUN
ideas-8101	170	5	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	170	6	culture	culture	NOUN
ideas-8101	170	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	170	8	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	170	9	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	170	10	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ideas-8101	170	11	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	170	12	literature	literature	NOUN
ideas-8101	170	13	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	170	14	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN
ideas-8101	170	15	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	170	16	11(2	11(2	NOUN
ideas-8101	170	17	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	170	18	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	171	1	293–305	293–305	NUM
ideas-8101	171	2	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	171	3	https://doi.org/10.22219/celtic.v11i2.37562	https://doi.org/10.22219/celtic.v11i2.37562	NOUN
ideas-8101	171	4	pratiwi	pratiwi	NOUN
ideas-8101	171	5	nindyah	nindyah	PROPN
ideas-8101	171	6	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	171	7	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	171	8	sunardi	sunardi	PROPN
ideas-8101	171	9	andhina	andhina	PROPN
ideas-8101	171	10	ika	ika	PROPN
ideas-8101	171	11	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	172	1	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	172	2	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	172	3	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	172	4	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	173	1	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	173	2	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	173	3	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ideas-8101	173	4	in	in	ADP
ideas-8101	173	5	achieving	achieve	VERB
ideas-8101	173	6	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	173	7	learning	learning	NOUN
ideas-8101	173	8	skills	skill	NOUN
ideas-8101	173	9	effectively	effectively	ADV
ideas-8101	173	10	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	174	1	lingua	lingua	PROPN
ideas-8101	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	174	3	20(1	20(1	NUM
ideas-8101	174	4	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	174	5	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	174	6	105–121	105–121	NUM
ideas-8101	174	7	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	174	8	https://doi.org/10.34005/lingua.v20i1.3831	https://doi.org/10.34005/lingua.v20i1.3831	NUM
ideas-8101	174	9	suryanto	suryanto	PROPN
ideas-8101	174	10	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	174	11	t.b	t.b	PROPN
ideas-8101	174	12	.	.	PROPN
ideas-8101	174	13	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	174	14	2024	2024	NUM
ideas-8101	174	15	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	174	16	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	175	1	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	175	2	impact	impact	NOUN
ideas-8101	175	3	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	175	4	using	use	VERB
ideas-8101	175	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	175	6	application	application	NOUN
ideas-8101	175	7	on	on	ADP
ideas-8101	175	8	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	175	9	’	'	PUNCT
ideas-8101	175	10	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	175	11	learning	learn	VERB
ideas-8101	175	12	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ideas-8101	175	13	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	176	1	international	international	ADJ
ideas-8101	176	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ideas-8101	176	3	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	176	4	english	english	PROPN
ideas-8101	176	5	education	education	NOUN
ideas-8101	176	6	and	and	CCONJ
ideas-8101	176	7	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN
ideas-8101	176	8	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	176	9	ijoeel	ijoeel	NOUN
ideas-8101	176	10	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	176	11	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	176	12	6(2	6(2	NUM
ideas-8101	176	13	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	176	14	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	176	15	200–211	200–211	NUM
ideas-8101	176	16	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	177	1	https://doi.org/10.33650/ijoeel.v6i2.9700	https://doi.org/10.33650/ijoeel.v6i2.9700	NOUN
ideas-8101	177	2	yundayani	yundayani	PROPN
ideas-8101	177	3	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	177	4	a.	a.	PROPN
ideas-8101	177	5	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	177	6	suseno	suseno	PROPN
ideas-8101	177	7	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	177	8	m.	m.	NOUN
ideas-8101	177	9	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	177	10	&	&	CCONJ
ideas-8101	177	11	herlina	herlina	PROPN
ideas-8101	177	12	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	177	13	e.	e.	PROPN
ideas-8101	177	14	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	177	15	2023	2023	NUM
ideas-8101	177	16	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	177	17	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	178	1	a	a	DET
ideas-8101	178	2	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
ideas-8101	178	3	-	-	PUNCT
ideas-8101	178	4	based	base	VERB
ideas-8101	178	5	english	english	ADJ
ideas-8101	178	6	language	language	NOUN
ideas-8101	178	7	skills	skill	NOUN
ideas-8101	178	8	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ideas-8101	178	9	:	:	PUNCT
ideas-8101	178	10	through	through	ADP
ideas-8101	178	11	the	the	DET
ideas-8101	178	12	eyes	eye	NOUN
ideas-8101	178	13	of	of	ADP
ideas-8101	178	14	vocational	vocational	ADJ
ideas-8101	178	15	students	student	NOUN
ideas-8101	178	16	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	179	1	jurnal	jurnal	ADJ
ideas-8101	179	2	ilmu	ilmu	PROPN
ideas-8101	179	3	pendidikan	pendidikan	X
ideas-8101	179	4	(	(	PUNCT
ideas-8101	179	5	jip	jip	NOUN
ideas-8101	179	6	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	179	7	stkip	stkip	VERB
ideas-8101	179	8	kusuma	kusuma	PROPN
ideas-8101	179	9	negara	negara	PROPN
ideas-8101	179	10	jakarta	jakarta	PROPN
ideas-8101	179	11	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	179	12	15(1	15(1	NUM
ideas-8101	179	13	)	)	PUNCT
ideas-8101	179	14	,	,	PUNCT
ideas-8101	179	15	9–23	9–23	PROPN
ideas-8101	179	16	.	.	PUNCT
ideas-8101	180	1	https://doi.org/10.37640/jip.v15i1.1683	https://doi.org/10.37640/jip.v15i1.1683	PROPN