The particular dialect or language that a person chooses to use on any occasion is called a code Copyright © 2019 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo Expressive Speech Act in The Novel Dialogue The Perfect Husband Selviyani aniselvi72@gmail.com Program Studi Sastra Indonesia, Universitas Pamulang,Indonesia Tri Pujiati dosen00356@unpam.ac.id Program Studi Sastra Indonesia, Universitas Pamulang,Indonesia Received : 2 Oktober 2019; Accepted : 30 November 2019 Abstract This research is aimed at describing the forms and the function of expressive utterances in the dialogue The Perfect Husband by Indah Riyana by using qualitative descriptive method. Based on data analysis, it is found that the forms and the function of expressive speech act in the novel dialogue The Perfect Husband by Indah Riyana consist of literal direct forms is 40 data (83,3%), the literal indirect form is 2 data (4,17%), the illiteral direct forms 4 data (8,3%), and the illiteral inderct form is 2 data (4,17%). The function of expressive speech act consist of thanks is 2 data (4,1%), asking for apology is 13 data (27,08%), praising is 5 data (10,41%), blaming is 9 data (18,75%), criticizing is 4 data (8,4%), quipping is 11 data (22,91%), and complaining is 4 data (8,4%). Keywords: forms and function of expressive speech act, pragmatics, the novel The Perfect Husband. Introduction Conveying messages through communication activities can be found in a literary work, for example a novel. Nurgiyantoro (1995: 310) explains that a fictional text is generally developed in two forms of narrative, namely narration and dialogue. The two forms are present alternately so that the story displayed is not monotonous, feels varied, and fresh. The novel contains a lot of conversations can be analyzed speech acts. This research will discuss speech 343 IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 7, Number 2, December 2019 pp. 343– 353 http://u.lipi.go.id/1457703302 mailto:dosen00356@unpam.ac.id Selviyani, Tri Pujiati Expressive Speech Act in the Novel Dialogue the Perfect Husband acts contained in literary works with a pragmatic approach. Searle (1968: 15) classifies illocutionary speech acts into five forms of speech, each of which has a communicative function, namely assertive, directive, expressive, commissive and declarative speech. Searle (1968: 15-16) states that expressive speech acts are part of illocutionary speech acts. Expressive speech acts are speech acts meant by the speaker so that the speech can be interpreted as an evaluation of the things mentioned in the speech and has several functions in it. Some previous studies on expressive speech that have been done by previous research, Rahayu (2012) conducted a research entitled "Form and Function of Expressive Speech in French", Susmiati, Andianto, Husniah (2013) conducted a study entitled "Teacher Expressive Speech Acts Against Students in Indonesian Language Learning Class VIII State Junior High School 7 Jember ". Komariyah (2017) conducted a study entitled "Expressive Speech Acts in the Samba Film by Nacache and Eric Toledano". Researchers are interested in conducting research using the novel The Perfect Husband by Indah Riyana as its object. This novel tells about an immortal student who is struggling with her thesis. There are many problems and conflicts in the story cause many expressive utterances in the story. This study seeks to see the expressive utterances contained in the novel to see the forms of expressive speech used by the characters and their functions. Research Method The focus of this research was expressive speech acts in the novel the perfect husband. In this study the writer used qualitative and descriptive methods. The data in this study were the expressive utterances obtained from the characters contained in the novel The Perfect Husband by Indah Riyana. The primary data source in this data was a novel book by The Perfect Husband by Indah Riyana, the first printed in 2016 with 576 pages thick; 10.5 x 19 cm, editor, ISBN code: 978-602-6922-31-1. .Result In accordance with the focus of the author's research, the findings in this study include the form and function of expressive speech contained in the novel. The following table shows the researcher's findings 344 IDEAS, Vol. 7, No. 2, December 2019 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Tabel 1 Forms of Expressive Speech Act in the Novel The Perfect Husband By Indah Riyana Forms Frequency Percentage Literal Direct 40 83,3% Literal Indirect 2 4,17% Illiteral Direct 4 8,3% Illiteral Indirect 2 4,17% Total Data Keseluruhan 48 100% Based on table 1, it can be seen that expressive speech is spoken in the direct form of 40 data literals with a percentage of 83.3%, indirect data literals as much as 2 data with a percentage of 4.17%, 4 data directly in a literal form with a percentage of 8.3%, and indirect indirect literal 2 data with a percentage of 4.17%. So it appears that the form of speech that is widely used in the novel The Perfect Husband, namely direct literal speech acts. Tabel 2 Fuctions of Expressive Speech Act in the Novel The Perfect Husband by Indah Riyana Based on table 4.2, it can be seen that expressive speech is said in the thank you function, there are 2 data with a percentage of 4.1%, apologizing there are 13 data with a percentage of 27.08%, flattering / praising there are 5 data with a percentage of 10.41%, blaming there 9 data with a percentage of 18.75%, criticizing there are 4 data with a percentage of 8.4%, insinuating there are 11 data with a percentage of 22.91%, and complaining there are 4 data with a percentage of 8.4%. So it appears that the speech function that is widely used in the novel The Perfect Husband, namely the function of apologizing. Discussion 1. The forms of expressive speech act literal direct The following are the function of expressive in the literal direct speech act which are found in the novel The Perfect Husband. 345 Fungsi Tuturan eskpresif Frekuensi Persentase Thanking 2 4,17% Apologizing 13 27,08% Flattering/ Praising 5 10,41% Blaming 9 18,75% Criticizing 4 8,4% Insinuating 11 22,91% Complaining 4 8,4% Total Data Keseluruhan 48 100% Selviyani, Tri Pujiati Expressive Speech Act in the Novel Dialogue the Perfect Husband a. Thanking Function Data (001) Bunda Lika :”Makasih banyak loh, Nak Arsen, minggu kemarin kamu Ngirim beberapa peralatan sekolah untuk anak- anak. Mereka kelihatan seneng banget.” Arsen :”Hehe, iya , sama-sama, Bun, aku juga seneng bisa berbagi dengan mereka.”(TPH: 534) Data (001) in the dialogue above, occurred on Sunday morning in the orphanage. The conversation took place between Mother Lika and Arsen. At that time, Mother Lika was grateful for the help from Arsen who had sent some school equipment for the orphans. Then Mother Lika said "thank you very much, Nak Arsen. Last week you sent some school equipment for children." The utterance was expressed to express thanks to Arsen. Mother Lika thanked by saying "thank you very much, Nak Arsen, last week you sent some school equipment for children." By using the news sentence mode. Mother Lika said her thanks to Arsen using a happy tone. Speech delivered by Mother Lika to Arsen through the written language contained in the dialogue of the novel. Speech is pronounced using the norm of politeness in communicating the speaker to the speech partner. As in the data dialogue above, Mother Lika has received assistance (school equipment) from Arsen. Expressive speech in the novel The Perfect Husband is realized in the dialogue of the novel. a. Apologizing Function Data (003) Ayla :”Ah, sudahlah Pa. Ay lelah setiap hari harus berdebat dengan pembahasan yang sama. Intinya, malam ini Ay harus ngizinin Ay untuk pergi!” Papa Ayla :”Maaf, Ay untuk kali ini papa tegaskan. Kamu tidak boleh keluar dari rumah!”(TPH: 15) Data (003) in the dialogue above, occurred at night in the house. The conversation took place between Ayla and Papa Ayla. At that time, Papa Ayla forbade Ayla to leave the house at night. Then Papa Ayla said "sorry, Ay for this time my father stressed. You can't leave the house! ”The speech was expressed to convey apology to Ayla. Papa Ayla apologized by saying "sorry, Ay this time papa stressed. You can't leave the house! ”By using news and exclamation sentence mode. Papa Ayla uses a firm tone to warn Ayla not to go out at night. Speech delivered by Papa Ayla to Ayla through written language. Speech is pronounced using the norm of politeness in communicating the speaker to the speech partner. As a dialogue on the data above Papa Ayla 346 IDEAS, Vol. 7, No. 2, December 2019 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) using a firm tone to warn Ayla not to go out at night. Expressive speech in the novel The Perfect Husband is realized in the dialogue of the novel. b. Blaming Function Data (018) Papa Ayla :”Kamu benar-benar udah buat Papa malu, Ayla! Bagaimana bisa kamu muntah di depan Arsen?” Ayla :”Habisnya mau gimana lagi? Jelas-jelas muntahnya keluar sendiri, kok. Tadi itu kepala dan perut Ayla memang lagi sakit, Pa.”(TPH: 33) Data (018) in the dialog above occurred in the morning in the house. The conversation took place between Papa Ayla and Ayla at that time, Papa Ayla blamed Ayla because he thought Ayla had made her father ashamed. Then Papa Ayla said "You have really embarrassed Papa, Ayla!" Because he felt Ayla had embarrassed her father in front of the Arsen family. Papa Ayla blamed by saying "You really have made Papamalu, Ayla!" By using the exclamative sentence mode. The speech was revealed by Papa Ayla to convey the mistakes made by Ayla in a serious and disappointed tone. Speech delivered by Papa Ayla to Ayla through written language. Speech is pronounced using the norm of politeness in communicating the speaker to the speech partner. As in the data above Papa Ayla blamed Ayla for feeling that Ayla had embarrassed her father in front of the Arsen family. Expressive speech in the novel The Perfect Husband is realized in the dialogue of the novel. c. Criticizing Function Data (027) Viana :”Makanya, Ay, lain kali itu jangan berfikir negatif dulu sebelum tahu apa yang sebenarnya terjadi. Lagian omongan Dilan terlalu dimasukin ke hati, sih. Jadi kebawa perasaankan lo.” Ayla :”Terus gue mesti gimana, Vi? Dia pasti bakal ngetawain gue, karena selama ini gue ngeremehin dia. Hancur harga diri gue, Vi.” (TPH: 313) Data (027) in the dialogue above, occurred during the day in the room. Conversation takes place between Viana and Ayla. At that time, Viana criticized Ayla for always thinking negatively. Then Viana said "That's why, Ay, next time don't think negatively before you know what really happened." Because Viana felt that Ayla always had negative thoughts about Arsen which actually wasn't necessarily what Arsen did. Viana criticized Ayla by saying "So, Ay, next time 347 Selviyani, Tri Pujiati Expressive Speech Act in the Novel Dialogue the Perfect Husband don't think negatively before you know what really happened." By using the news sentence mode. Viana said the utterance to convey her criticism to Ayla in a serious tone. Speech delivered by Viana to Ayla through written language. Speeches that are spoken using norms of politeness in communicating the speaker to the speech partner. As in the data above, Viana criticized Ayla for having negative thoughts before knowing what really happened. Expressive speech in the novel The Perfect Husband is realized in the dialogue of the novel. d. Insinuating function Data (030) Papa Ayla :”Ayla, Ayla. Ternyata kamu lebih stress karena tidak bisa keluar rumah daripada tidak kelar kuliah? Sebenarnya,pemikiran kamu itu ada di mana sih, Nak?” Ayla :”Oh, Papa mau bilang kalo Ayla ini gak punya pemikiran dan bodoh. Makanya Ay gak selesai-selesai kuliah, gitu?” (TPH:14) Data (030) in the dialogue above, occurred at night in the house. The conversation took place between Papa Ayla and Ayla at the time, her father insinuating her son because he felt more stressed if he did not come out of the house. Then Papa Ayla said "Ayla, Ayla. It turns out you are more stressed out because you can't go out of your house instead of not finishing college? Papa Ayla insinuated Ayla by saying "Ayla, Ayla. It turns out you are more stressed out because you can't leave the house than not finish college? "By using the question sentence mode. The speech was revealed by Papa Ayla to convey a satire to Ayla using a mocking tone. Speech delivered by Arsen to Ayla through written language. Speech is pronounced using the norm of politeness in communicating the speaker to the speech partner. As in the data above, Papa Ayla, who cursed Ayla, according to him, his son prefers to go out at night rather than thinking about his studies which until now have not graduated either. Expressive speech in the novel The Perfect Husband is realized in the dialogue of the novel. e. Complaining Function Data (037) Ayla :”Kenapa sin Tuhan nggak adil? Kenapa Tuhan tega menaruh aku diposisi sesulit ini?” Arsen :”Kamu nggak boleh bicara kaya gitu, Sayang. Mungkin ini cobaan untuk kamu. Allah nggak akan memberikan cobaan di luar batas kemampuan umatnya. Cepat atau 348 IDEAS, Vol. 7, No. 2, December 2019 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) lambat Dion akan bisa pulih kembali.”(TPH: 227) Data (037) in the dialogue above, occurred during the day at the hospital. The conversation took place between Ayla and Arsen. At that time, Ayla complained to God why God was unfair and put her position this difficult. Then Ayla said "Why is God unfair? Why does God have the heart to put me in such a difficult position? ”Ayla complained to God for the trials she was going through. Ayla complained to Arsen by saying "Why is God unfair? Why does God have the heart to put me in such a difficult position? "By using the question sentence mode. The speech was expressed for Ayla's complaints in a sad tone. Speech delivered by Ayla to Arsen through written language. Speeches that are spoken using norms of politeness in communicating the speaker to the speech partner. As in the data above, Ayla said that she complained to God for the trials she endured. In the novel The Perfect Husband in the form of a dialogue novel. 2. The Form of literal indirect expressive speech act Apologizing Function Data (041) Arsen :”Maaf, Sayang, Maaf sini biar aku ajarin berenang. Jadi kapan-kapan kalau aku ajak kamu berenang lagi, nggak malu-maluin.” Ayla :Memukul dan mendorong Arsen.(TPH: 190) Data (041) in the dialog above, occurs during the day in the pool. The conversation takes place between Arsen and Ayla. At that time, Arsen apologized for making Ayla drown. Then Arsen said "Sorry, honey, I'm sorry, let me teach swimming." Arsen apologized to Ayla because he felt guilty for making Ayla drown. Arsen expressed these words to apologize to Ayla. Arsen complained to Ayla by saying "Sorry, dear, sorry here let me teach you to swim." Using the command sentence mode. Arsen expressed these words to apologize to Ayla in a mocking tone. Speech delivered by Arsen to Ayla through written language. Speech is pronounced using the norm of politeness in communicating the speaker to the speech partner. As in the data above Arsen apologizes because he feels guilty for making Ayla upset because Arsen he drowned. Expressive speech in the novel The Perfect Husband is realized in the dialogue of the novel. 1. The form of Iliteral direct expressive speech act a. Quipping Function Data (043) 349 Selviyani, Tri Pujiati Expressive Speech Act in the Novel Dialogue the Perfect Husband Ayla :”Selama lima hari tidurku nyenyak, karena penggangu di apartemen ini lagi minggat!” Arsen :”Bukan minggat, Sayangku, tapi lagi tugas. Kamu nggak mau tahu aku lagi di mana? Sedang apa dan bersama siapa?”(TPH: 196) Data (043) in the dialogue above, occurred at night Ayla was in Arsen Apartment who was communicating with Arsen by telephone. The conversation took place between Ayla and Arsen. At that time, Ayla was insinuating that Arsen had not returned home for five days. Then Ayla said "For five days I slept soundly, because the intruders in this apartment are running away again!" Ayla quipped Arsen in annoyance due to being left by Arsen for five days. Ayla quipped Arsen by saying "For five days I slept soundly, because the intruders in this apartment are running away!" By using the exclamative news sentence mode. Ayla expressed the words to satirize Arsen in a mocking tone. Speech delivered by Ayla to Arsen through written language. Speech is pronounced using the norm of politeness in communicating the speaker to the speech partner. As in the data above, Ayla quipped Arsen because Arsen casually left Ayla for days in her apartment. Expressive speech in the novel The Perfect Husband is realized in the dialogue of the novel. a. Criticizing Function Data (045) Vanila :”Ternyata benar ya, Mbak. Seseorang memang harus mendapatkan karma, balasan dan sentakan dulu dari Tuhan. Baru mereka bisa taubat.” Ayla :merasa tersindir oleh ucapan Vanila (TPH: 258) Data (045) in the dialog above occurred during the day when Vanilla was in Arsen Apartments. The conversation takes place between Vanilla and Ayla. At that time, Vanilla was criticizing someone who had gotten karma to Ayla. Then Vanilla said "One must get karma, retribution and touch first from God. Only then can they repent. ”Vanila criticizes someone who must get their karma and that person will repent. Vanilla criticized someone by talking to Ayla by saying "One must get karma, retribution and touch first from God. Only then can they repent. ”The speech uses news sentence mode. The speech was expressed by Vanila to criticize someone and tell Ayla in a serious tone. Speech delivered by Vanila to Ayla through written language. Speech is pronounced using the norm of politeness in communicating the speaker with the speech partner. As in the data above Vanila criticizes someone by telling Ayla about someone who must be able to karma first and then that person will repent. 350 IDEAS, Vol. 7, No. 2, December 2019 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Expressive speech in the novel The Perfect Husband is realized in the dialogue of the novel. b. Apologizing Function Data (046) Ayla :”Maafkan saya, Bu. Semua ini karena kelalaian saya. Terima kasih juga tidak membawa masalah ini ke jalur hukum.” Bu Mirna :Menangis (TPH: 234) Data (046) in the dialogue above, occurred in the morning in the hospital. The conversation took place between Ayla and Mrs. Mirna. At that time, Ayla was apologizing to Mrs. Mirna. Then Ayla said "I'm sorry, ma'am. All of this is due to my negligence. ”Ayla apologized to Mrs. Mirna because she felt guilty about bumping into her child. Ayla quipped Arsen by saying "I'm sorry, ma'am. All of this is due to my negligence. "Said using the sentence mode news. Said Ayla expressed to apologize to Mrs. Mirna with a sad tone. Speech delivered by Ayla to Mrs. Mirna through written language. Speech is pronounced using the norm of politeness in communicating the speaker to the speech partner. As in the data above, Ayla apologized to Mrs. Mirna because her negligence caused Ayla to crash into her child. Expressive speech in the novel The Perfect Husband is realized in the dialogue of the novel. 3. The form of illiteral indirect expressive speech act Quipping Function Data (047) Arsen :”Kamu tidak kedinginan, Ay?” Ayla :”Nggak!”(TPH: 87) Data (047) in the dialog above, occurred at night Ayla was in Arsen's car. The conversation takes place between Arsen and Ayla. At that time, Arsen was insinuating that Ayla said that the clothes Ayla was wearing were too exposed. Then Arsen said "You are not cold, Ay?" Arsen quipped Ayla because the clothes she was wearing were too exposed and it made Arsen dislike. Arsen quipped Ayla by saying "Are you not cold, Ay?" By using the question sentence mode. Arsen expressed these words to satirize Ayla in a mocking tone. Speech delivered by Ayla to Arsen through written language. Speech is pronounced using the norm of politeness in communicating the speaker to the speech 351 Selviyani, Tri Pujiati Expressive Speech Act in the Novel Dialogue the Perfect Husband partner. As in the data above, Arsen quips Ayla because Arsen does not like Ayla who is dressed openly. Expressive speech in the novel The Perfect Husband is realized in the dialogue of the novel. Conclusion and Limitations From the explanation above it can be concluded that the speech in the novel The Perfect Husband by Indah Riyana found four forms of expressive speech acts, namely the direct form of literal 40 data with a percentage of 83.3%, the form of indirect acts of literal 2 data with a percentage of 4.17%, the form of indirect speech act literal 4 with a percentage of 8.3%, and the form of indirect speech act literal 2 with a percentage of data 4.17%. This shows that the speaker (the characters) in the novel The Perfect Husband prefers to express something / things directly so that the speech partner understands faster with the intention conveyed by the speaker. In expressive speech functions found in the novel The Perfect Husband, namely: thank you amounted to 2 data with a percentage of 4.17%, apologized amounted to 13 data with a percentage of 27.08%, flattering / praising amounted to 5 data with a percentage of 10.41% , blame amounted to 9 data with a percentage of 18.75%, criticized amounted to 4 data with a percentage of 8.4%, insinuated amounted to 11 data with a percentage of 22.91%, and complained amounted to 4 data with a percentage of 8.4%. Can be seen these functions, the function of speech that is expressed a lot that is the function of apologizing (to express guilt). This shows that the characters (speakers) in the novel The Perfect Husband are emotional figures (like expressing mistakes to the interlocutors). References Chaer.Abdul. (2010). Kesantunan Berbahasa. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Ibrahim, Abd. Syuku. (1993). Kajian Tindak Tutur. 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