The particular dialect or language that a person chooses to use on any occasion is called a code Copyright © 2021 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 9, Number 1, June 2021 pp. 188 - 196 The Effective Way To Develop Speaking Skills Angela M. Sihotang 1, Friskila Sitanggang 2, Novitriani Hasugian 3, Erikson Saragih 4 English Language Study Program Faculty Of Teacher Training And Education Universitas Prima Indonesia Angelhotang23@gmail.com , friskilasitanggang99@gmail.com, novitrianihasugian54@gmail.com , erikson.saragih@unprimdn.ac.id Received: 19 December 2020 Accepted: 21 May 2021 DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v9i1.1777 Abstract Speaking is the skill of conveying messages through spoken language, by speaking so that the fulfillment of the need to communicate with the surrounding, environment based on initial observations with people around speaking skills is still lacking. The low ability to speak with the results of interviews with people around it’s caused by internal factors and external factors that come from their techniques in obtaining and applying theories regarding speaking skills. Interview techniques with certain topics are an attempt to improve speaking skills to describe something, give opinions and tell stories is the way to approach the object. The benefits of this research include theoretical and practical benefits, theoretically the results of this study are expected to contribute knowledge related to the use of appropriate techniques in learning to speak, practically the results of this study are expected to be useful for the author as the development of knowledge in the field of speaking skills. This study used a random design with people around, data collection was done by interviewing the non-test data collection tools used were interviews and observation. The data analysis was done qualitativel. The conclusion of this research is to add the knowledge about what is the effective way to develop speaking skillsand author hope all the readers can get the aim from this research. Keywords: Effective, Speaking, Skill Introduction Speaking is a basic skill that should be possessed to comunicate. Speaking have a level of ability and to be a good speak we must have expertise in speaking both 1 http://u.lipi.go.id/1457703302 mailto:Angelhotang23@gmail.com mailto:erikson.saragih@unprimdn.ac.id mailto:novitrianihasugian54@gmail.com mailto:friskilasitanggang99@gmail.com Angela M. Sihotang 1, Friskila Sitanggang 2, Novitriani Hasugian 3, Erikson Saragih 4 THE EFFECTIVE WAY TO DEVELOP SPEAKING SKILLS pronounciation when speaking when speaking and using grammar when we have communication. According to Siahaan(2008;95) speaking is a produvtive language skills, it means that speaking is the skill possessed by someone where speaking can get a voice from within a person. The naturally speaking guidebook provides many benevits and ways to develop speaking skills to make communication better, with some conversation examples and materials for comunication, the naturally speaking guidebook provide knowledge with material, examples and provides evaluation for users. This book contents material that is easy for many people to understand because the material is not long-winded. The material given can increase the level of ability to speak with good and correct grammar. According to the research results, the researcher found that there were weaknesses, some of which were the lack of explanatory material, where in each topic there was little explanation material and less examples so that the reader found it difficult to understand the contents. This book also has a message that readers connot understand, it also does not leave a trail that is interesting enough for readers to remember. This research focus in this student book focuses on the languagefunctions of asking for information, soliciting, and inviting while the reading explains the cultural “rules” the students need to know to communicate naturally and effectively. According to the researcher, what needs to be updated is there that there is a need for additional suctured training, as well as freer play, including in pairs or small groups in order to encourage interaction in the classroom. That the researcher uses, it talks about: openings and closings; introductions and address systems; invitations; thanking people and replying to thanks; apologizing; expressing anger and resolving conflict; giving compliments and replying compliments; getting peoples’s attention and interrupting; agreeing and disagreeing; controlling conversation, and getting information. With all the material topics, it really supports student interaction in socializing. From speaking naturally textbook the students activities made in speaking materials by short conversation and listen for some audio than make some dialogue not only listen for audio this book give some way as like as look for some picture and discuss to make conversation, make a dialogue from looking situation and this book make a easy way to speak English. In accordance with the results of the study, the author found the compatibility of the book material with the process of running activities of students in the material in the book carefully. Students are thought how the develop the speaking skills that are owened like how to introduce ourselves, how to invide someone, apologine, how to provide a rebuttal an in this book the authors find that speaking material is significant with students activities. From speaking naturally text book to improve student speaking skills from this textbook with some exercise and try to make all new things to conversation and always try to speak up with some dialogue. Speaking is the art of speaking that one has. This art of speaking is owned by a person naturally or by using a productive language skill it means speaking is a 2 IDEAS, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) person’s skill to produce the sound that is on meaning and can be understood by others, so as to create good communication Chaney (1998:13) added speaking is the proses off building symbols, in a variety of contexts. It means verbal speaking is communication in oral written form, meanwhile,nonverbal, speaking is communication that generally uses body language. In speaking there are several aspect that we had need to understand, according to Brown (2004: 406-407) there are several descriptions of speaking  Fluency Fluency is the features which give speech the qualities of being natural normal, including native like use of pausing, rhythm, intonation, stress, rate of speaking and use of interjection and interruptions, Richards,Platt, and Weber (1985:108)  Grammar Defenition at grammar is the collection of grammatical structure of language. This collection of rules is very commonly known as grammar.  Pronounciation Is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. It is very important in speaking so that people understand what we said.  Comprehension Comprehension is the action or capability of understanding something. There are some effective ways how to improving speaking skills among others one:  Eye contact The most important thing in speaking is eye contact. It will help improve skill in communicating you should always maintain eye contact when talking to other people or while making presentation, maintaining eye contact can actually in crease other people’s trust in the discussion you are talking about.  Articulation Apart from maintaining eye contact, it is also important to speak clearly. The arculation of each word spoken must be clearly heard by the other person we must speak clearly and firmly.  Interlocutors Putting your self in the direction of talking to other people is another important thing to pay attention to people cannot find a different style of speaking to the other person.  Body language When someone is communicating we must also add body language to make it easier for thr other person to understand the conversation. Apart from expressions, hand movements and posture are also needed in communicating.  Empathy Communication will occcur when we understand the other person’s condition. The most effective way to understand what the other person means is to put your self in the position of the person we are talking too. 3 Angela M. Sihotang 1, Friskila Sitanggang 2, Novitriani Hasugian 3, Erikson Saragih 4 THE EFFECTIVE WAY TO DEVELOP SPEAKING SKILLS  Atmosphere We should always speak in relaxed manner so that the person we are talking to will better understand what is mean, put our mental state in a relaxed and calm position when speaking.  Emotion When we talk about something that evokes feelings of emotion in our self we have to keep our emotions in order to stablize them. When emotions are involved in the conversation the sentences spoken tend to become unclear. Method The research used the descriptive qualitative approach according to Mukhtar(2013:10) the qualitative descriptive research method is a method used by researchers to find knowledge or theories about research at a certain time. The subject of this study was speaking naturally textbook (1985 first publihes) by Cambridge university press. This research using stationery instrument, with a pen and paper note, setting this time, depending on the time that utilizes the time of time, it can be planned forr how many hours a day. This research used documentation method to collect the data. The source data is in document from which collected from speaking naturally textbook (1985 first publihes) by Cambridge university press. Data analysis was carried out by the author to determine the ways to develop speaking skills. Then the findings data are analyzed to describe everything clearly.In analyzing speaking skills, there are several procedures that the author does, namely as follows:  Checking correct and incorrect pronunciations.  Identify mistakes in speaking (pronunciation, expression, etc.).  Classify the ways to develop speaking skills: such as good pronunciation, use of facial expressions, listening to music, then applying them to everyday vocabulary wherever or whenever. This effective method will make us skilled at speaking and correctly that have been determined. Results In speaking naturally textbook published by Cambridge university press the results of the data analysis are presented in the table below: Tabel 1.1 No. Aspect Percentage Of Fulfil Menscore 1. Relevance forward standartd and basic competence 90% 2. Comunicativeness 100% 4 IDEAS, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 3. Level of material accuracy 90% 4. The unity and cohorence of ideas 95% 5. The relevance of language for the development of learners 90% 6. Completeness of the presentation 90% 7. Format of book 80% 8. Design of content 90% 9. Design of cover 75% The everage percentage 88% Discussion Based on the table above, the result of the percentage of researchers get the following analysis:  The textbook relevance forward standartd and basic competence get 90 % which can be clasified into the best quality from this book it can be analyzed that waht is in the book is very relevant such as giving and receiving opinions, the way students introduce, invite, express gratittude, everything is written in the book and according to standart.  Communicativeness the material in this book is very communicative to readers or students, its look 100% full, where in every chapter or every discussion material there are always examples that attract students’ interest to learnand develop speaking skills. In fact this book teaches a variety of conversations that make it easier for students to learn and reach the ideal point of knowledge.  The Level of material accuracy obtained 90%, because the classification that is owned is very good. Where there is a easy question and answer expression used, such as expressions of thanking people and replying to thanks, expressing anger and resolving conflict, how to invite and so on. In linguistic concept the elements of structureand meaning in short functional text has complited the fulfillmen aspect.  The unity and coherence of ideas obtained 95% which was classified into very well, because all the material in the form of expressions in the textbook has coherence and unity of ideas meaning, as well as how to tell introduction and address systems is an example of coherence in the text of the textbook.  The relevance of language for the development of learners the language used the book is relevant to the language students are learning, making it easier for students to learn and their responsiveness is also higher, which is still 90% because there are 5 Angela M. Sihotang 1, Friskila Sitanggang 2, Novitriani Hasugian 3, Erikson Saragih 4 THE EFFECTIVE WAY TO DEVELOP SPEAKING SKILLS still 10 % who are still lacking in this case, where they are still having difficulty developing the language in book. Such as in the material controlling the conversation where some students find it difficult to control their speech, but is unfortunate that many understand the material in the book because there are clear examples to understand.  The completness of the precentation obatin 90% which was classified into very good quality. This textbook does not provide the glossary and indexes so make the students are difficult to find the source information of the textbook such as indexes to help the student to comprehend difficult words while they want to find out the learning topic from textbook.  The Format of book obtain 80% which was classified into very good, because the format of bookis quite complete by meeting the paperback standarts and it makes very simple and easy to carry every where. The type of English is the type of American English and fill in the textbook according to each other.  Design of content obtain 90% which was classified into verygood classification the content of this book easy to understand and give some exercise to add students knowledge, this book give the good material and example to create the new things when students try to speak Design of cover obtained 75% this a good classification, because this textbook compositions consist of same important elements, but its look so simple, like the simple colour for cover and a little less attractive and have a long title Conclusion Based on the results analysis of an textbook and titled “speaking naturraly” (1985) first published by Cambridge university press. The result conclude that the english textbook content that cambridge universiry press into “ Good” category by ganing 88% of the avvarage percentage. By analysing nine sup aspect in english textbook content that cambridge university press published, those are content, presentation, language, and graphic designs. And there is 12 % whic is not fulfil in the precentage of fulfillment. Spesifically, the researcers found in the textbook material relevance towards standard and basic competence than in the comprehensiveness of presentation because, there is no glossary and indexes, too have a simple cover and long title. Based on the conclutions result of this research, the researchers conclude the suggestions for those who relate the analysis and evaluation of using this English textbook as follows: 1. For English teacher Teacher is a mediator should know how to design the class and create the good material so that the student can get the knowledge and learn well, and from 6 IDEAS, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) this thextbook teacher can get some new materi to teach to achive the goals of development skill and students knowledge than teacher also used others supporting textbook material. 2. For students Students should have other supporting textbook so that they can get the new knowledge and to add the vocabulary, and to support their learning they shoukd have a different textbook so that can get much material eventhought have a different example. As a student they must more active to search the new information to support their way to study. 3. For aouthor/publisher For those who are involved in making this textbook such as: writers, publisher, and reviewers, should provide qualified book to fullfil the requirement of good textbook for students to develope students skill in language especially English which is published by Cambridge university press. 4. For future researchers in english department hopely from this study the next researchers can able to evaluate and develop the English textbook, and create it to a new evaluation in the future. References Darwis, N., & Hasanah, U. (2020). The Effectiveness of Using Teaching English for Young Learner (TEYL) Module for Pre-service Teacher Based on Teacher Training Approach. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 8(1), 164 - 174. doi:https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v8i1.1022 Sri Utami. 2014. Student Speaking Language through Communicative with Simulation Method in Indonesian Language Learning. Malang: Wisnuwardhana University. Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, 18 (2), 58-66. Wahyuni, Irene Fitriani, Prana Dwija Iswara, Cucun Sunaengsih. 2017. Efforts to Improve Students' Speaking Ability in Recounting the Events Experienced Using the Talking Stick Method with Media Picture Series. Journal of Scientific Pens, 2 (1), 1541-1550. Amalia Farhani. 2019. Effective Methods To Improve Public Speaking Skills. Accessed December 11, 2020, Sukarir Nuryanto, A. Zainal Abidin, Umi Setijowati. 2018. Improvement of PGSD Students' Speaking Skills in Lectures Based on the Conservation of Character 7 https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v8i1.1022 Angela M. Sihotang 1, Friskila Sitanggang 2, Novitriani Hasugian 3, Erikson Saragih 4 THE EFFECTIVE WAY TO DEVELOP SPEAKING SKILLS Values through the Application of the Task Based Activity Method with Audio Visual Media. Journal of Educational Research, 35 (1), 83-94. Kamonpan Boonkit. 2010. Enhancing the development of speaking skills for non- native speakers of English. Diakses pada 12 Desember 2020, Rivi Antoni, Ummi Rasyidah. 2015. An Analysis on Student's Speaking's Skill At Second Grade SMP 8 Rambah Hilir. Diakses pada 12 Desember 2020, Wahyuni, Ani Dwi. 2016. The Effectiveness Of Short Movie For Teaching Speaking. Diakses pada 12 Desember 2020, Ira Pratiwi. 2013. Improving The Speaking Skill Through Communicative Activities Of The Eight Grade Students Of MTs N 1 MLATI In The Academic Year Of 2012/2013. Diakses pada 12 Desember 2020, 8