APPENDIX A CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH ACT Number of Datum Time Staff Code Utterances Speech Act Classification and Requirements Declarations Representatives Expressives Directives Commissives Perform a declaration State what the speaker believes to be the case or not State speaker’s feeling Express to someone else to do something Commit to do action(s) S causes X S believes X S feels x S wants X S intends X Datum 1 14.48-16.24 Dr. A Question : Almost a week from now a g20 countries will be here in a meeting to discuss the COVID-19 and they have impact in a global economy. And the question is, now China no new cases since yesterday, so what does it mean what does it mean for China or doesn’t mean for the rest of the world? And what, what are the difficulties the lying ahead for China in combating this global pandemic? Thank You I think the simple in the Director General’s comment is it’s a message of hope it’s a message that this virus can be suppressed we can brake chains of transmission, so I think there is a message of hope there from China and that’s a message of hope to many countries around the world, who very low numbers of cases right now and who can turn this virus back. We’ve seen the damage this virus is doing in health system in, in, in a number of countries but we’ve also seen that this virus can be pushed back. So that’s the I suppose the implication that we see for, for this but it’s going to take time, it’s going to take effort, and it’s going to take solidarity, and it’s going to take coordination at community level, a government level, at international level to make this happen. · Datum 2 17.41-21.02 Dr. A Question : ask this question before, very first day of spring in northern Hemisphere spring equinox, many people in central asia or western asia they are celebrating it as a sign of renewal a new beginning in this claimed, what will be delegated show’s message to people who are celebrating “nowruz”, especially Iranian. Who are among people struggling the most with the outbreak of covid-19? hello? I think it’s it’s celebrations and gatherings particularly religious gatherings ones that celebrate renewal or are obviously very important, we may need to change the way we celebrate things for now and in countries like Iran. As we’ve seen and it’s not just any way in Iran, where we might have religious gatherings, we have other gatherings around the world. So, whatever reasons we have to come together and there can be very good reasons we need to listen to local authorities, we need to listen to national authorities, and if national authorities believe that those gatherings represent a risk to those individuals but more importantly to the vulnerable people, they will go to visit after the gathering. Then, I think we really do have to take it upon personal responsibility. This is not about the responsibility of government, this is about each individual making a decision to protect themselves and protect others. We shouldn’t always have to have a government telling us to do that this is about personal responsibility. · Dr. B But if I can just said, you may have heard us use the phrase “physical distancing” instead of “social distancing”, about keeping a physical distance from people, so that we could prevent the virus from transmitting to one another that’s absolutely essential, but it doesn’t mean that socially we have to disconnect from our loved ones, from our family. · Datum 3 21.50-26.00 Dr. A Question : I’d like to ask a question,I mean, how central and crucial is physical distancing at this point? when you have community transmission because there is a lot of debate going on around the world about the physical distance, he measures. so I would like the most accurate data and comment possible regarding the physical distancing measures. There are public health measures that focus on containment and that is identifying cases, identifying their contacts and the principle that you take the case of the confirm case and the contact away from everybody else, so you separate the virus from the population when disease has reached a certain level, especially in community transmission and it’s no longer possible to identify all the case or all of the contacts then you move to separating everybody from everybody else, you may create a physical distance between everybody because you don’t know exactly who might the virus. So, in some senses we need to slow down the virus then we need to suppress the virus and that we need to go after the virus and that takes different combinations of different measures, but social or physical distancing measures and movement restriction measures are very hard socially, and they’re very hard economically, and we need to use whatever time those measures are in place to put in place the public health architecture that can then go after the virus, because lifting those measures may result in the disease returning if you don’t have in place the public health measures to deal with the virus yeah. · Dr. B If you think of thinking of a large gathering or you think of some a crowded space and people are very close to one another, and if you have infected individuals in that clustering of people, the opportunity for the virus to pass between people it much greater because you are physically to one another. What physical distancing does is just that, it actually separates people out. · Datum 4 26.48-28.30 Dr. B Question : There have been some question about immortality rate in Europe for you know, Italy this is tragically really really high. Germany so far is is quite low. And the make some questions about how the cause of death is being recorded, for example is somebody an individual who already had serious underlying health conditions. Do you have any data from the different countries about how they’re recording cause of death? I don’t have any specific data about how each country is recording a cause of death whether it was associated with covid-19 or if there were the other reasons why people died we don’t know from the confirmed cases if those individuals have been reported as having recovered or who have died. We gave the comparison between the virus moving in older populations because we know that the virus can cause more death in older individuals as opposed to the virus circulating in younger populations where you would see less mortality. So there’s, there are a number of factors in which the mortality rate can vary b different populations. And we also discussed previously about the challenges of describing mortality as an epidemic unfold, as this pandemic unfolds. · Datum 5 29.07-30.25 Dr. B Question : India has tested a close to has contested close to 13.000 samples, WHO says test, test,test. She asks by not scalling up the tests, has India lost critical time? By having adequate testing and sample testing as part of your strategy will help reduce this down, but that isn’t enough. We know that finding those cases, isolating cases and caring for those cases is critical quarantine of your contact, so that, they cannot pass that virus onward. It’s absolutely critical to stopping transmission moving between people. · Datum 6 31.10-31.55 Dr. C Question : Hello this is a question to the DG, Dr Tedros i’d like to know how you are coping with the different pressures? You might have from member states who don’t really have the same priorities or ways to fight this virus. How do you cope with different appreciations coming from the larger member state? I think for WHO, whether it’s a small country or big, whether it’s a rich country or poor, it’s the same we treat them the same way and to treat the best principle is to actually be principled, and to help them, to give them advice or to respond to their queries based on principles. · Datum 7 32.22-40.31 Dr. A Question : What is the shortfall in the global supply of ppe and criticals say life saving medical equipment and in view of the surge of cases, how much production these supplies need to increase? We don’t know how much we’re going to need because we don’t know how fast this is going to develop, it’s safe to say that the supply chain is under huge pressure we’re working with the pandemic supply chain network to maximize the amount of flow of PPE into a protected supply chain for PPE for health workers around the world but, it’s now just the PPE itself, it’s getting the PPE now to countries we have issues with flight, we have issues with getting access, so we’re going to need a human architecture in effect, we’re going to need air bridges that allow us to bring stuff to countries to help in a system, and that stuff maybe lab tests that stuff maybe PPE, that stuff, maybe expertise, it’s coming increasingly difficult for us to move material around because even ships and cargo, I think as we speak over 100.000 merchant seamen are currently sitting in ports all over the world and can’t either come into the country they are in or move on in the ships they are on, so we have some serious issues within the supply chain. · Dr. C Shortage of supply of PPE could be addressed. And as a result, that because of lack of political commitment one. The supply is short to because the supply is short. Some countries are closing borders and burning exports and that cannot be a solution. And the solution with proposing if there is political commitment and we need political commitment. · Dr. B Members of our team are having teleconferences across our infection prevention and control networks where there is a very serious discussion about the use of medical and surgical masks. We need to ensure that we prioritize the use of these surgical masks for our Frontline workers. So please if you don't need to if you're not caring for a sick person at home, then there is then you don't need to be wearing a mask. So again, please prioritize the use of these masks for the our Frontline workers. · Datum 8 41.16-45.50 Dr. A Question : So, given that 10.000 deaths have been reported, and many researchers estimates that the mortality rates of Covid-19 is 1 %. Is there any reason not to estimate that 1 million people may have already been infected? We've been over 200,000 confirmed cases reported and we have 10,000 deaths so that can be calculated as a portion of those. We try to avoid that in general because very often your reported cases reflect infections up to 14 days before your debts can actually reflect people were exposed. Two weeks three weeks four weeks before so take it's not necessary thing to make that calculation but using that as a way of calculating how many people are infected is making an assumption that you actually you can make that calculation and unfortunately, we can't make that calculation what I think we need to focus on and many people we will have to wait for serology tests to really understand what the population attack rates are, but all of the data so far suggests that asymptomatic cases are relatively low proportion of symptomatic cases. We can worry about all of the other ways that we could possibly be infected theoretically and that's important and there are outliers in all of science, but the driving with regard to the death rather than trying to say 10,000 deaths and sounds like a loss in another people say well, you know people die of other things to take one look at what's happening in some Health Systems around the world. This is not normal. · Dr. B So mathematical models we WHO works with a large number of modeling groups across the globe statisticians and modelers. And this is really important for us to help work through scenarios and work through the what if what may happen if we don't do anything, what will the trajectory of this outbreak in each country and at the global level or by region look like if we do nothing and those numbers are scary. · Datum 9 46.27-53.40 Dr. B Question : I will have a question to the general. Give us please about an update of vacuum research so far away from the lucky first day to, we call it, COVID-19 (since the signal is low-connection, the moderator, the only one who can listen to the question, said “the question about releasing vaccine”) One of the areas that we are working on as the acceleration of vaccine development. Not just us we're working with people across the globe. There's at least 20 vaccines that are in development for covid-19. And you heard us report. We're still some time away before we would have a vaccine that could be used and they still need to go through the trials to look at efficacy. But this work is underway and we are very grateful for all of all of the partners that are working to get these trials on your way. · Dr. A I think beyond the scientific research the vaccine that's fantastic see the Innovation going on to develop vaccine candidate and take those kinds of waves through the necessary testing. We just make the vaccines and give them to people well world has learned many lessons at the mass use of vaccines and is only thing one thing more dangerous than a bad driver. So that's a bad vaccine. So we have to be very very very careful in developing any product that we're going to inject into potentially most of the world's population. So there's a lot of work to do the director-general will be leading a process with other organizations to address the issues of production scale up financing Advanced Mac commitments and the fair and equitable distribution of those vaccines and has already been reaching out to Major institutions and Global Health leaders on this. · Dr. C We have to prepare so that the vaccines can reach everybody who needs it because this vaccine should not be for the haps. It should be for those who cannot afford it to so we need to answer that question as early as possible. But the solidarity we are witnessing is very very encouraging. My colleagues were sending me a text about another solidarity, which we are saying is the solidarity of scientists who came together as you remember six weeks ago to find Solutions Diagnostics treatment and vaccines and then the other solidarity is the financing solidarity. I will give you one of some of the stories in New York theater group started a virtual singing challenge getting people to donate. It also gives us a chance to bring the best of us and that's what we need solidarity in everything and with that kind of solidarity which is decided last week, which is more infectious than the virus itself. We will be able to stop this virus. · APPENDIX B FUNCTION OF SPEECH ACT Number of Datum Representatives Assertion Definition Statement Datum 1 · Datum 2 · Datum 3 · Datum 4 · Datum 5 · Datum 6 · Datum 7 · · Datum 8 · · Datum 9 · · Total 3 5 4 APPENDIX C Sociological Variables Number of Datum Staff’s Used Variables Social Distance (D) Relative Power (P) Rating of Imposition (R) Datum 1 Dr. A Datum 2 Dr. A Dr. B Datum 3 Dr. A Dr. B Datum 4 Dr. B Datum 5 Dr. B Datum 6 Dr. C Datum7 Dr. A ; Dr. C Dr. B Datum 8 Dr. A Dr. B Datum 9 Dr. A ; Dr. C Dr. B Total Politeness Number of Datum Staff Utterances Explanation Datum 1 Dr. A I think the simple in the Director General’s comment is it’s a message of hope it’s a message that this virus can be suppressed we can brake chains of transmission, so I think there is a message of hope there from China and that’s a message of hope to many countries around the world, who very low numbers of cases right now and who can turn this virus back. We’ve seen the damage this virus is doing in health system in, in, in a number of countries but we’ve also seen that this virus can be pushed back. So that’s the I suppose the implication that we see for, for this but it’s going to take time, it’s going to take effort, and it’s going to take solidarity, and it’s going to take coordination at community level, a government level, at international level to make this happen. · Generalize about the message of hope to other countries as well · Give resolution and enlighten that this pandemic can be pushed back Datum 2 Dr. A I think it’s it’s celebrations and gatherings particularly religious gatherings ones that celebrate renewal or are obviously very important, we may need to change the way we celebrate things for now and in countries like Iran. As we’ve seen and it’s not just any way in Iran, where we might have religious gatherings, we have other gatherings around the world. So, whatever reasons we have to come together and there can be very good reasons we need to listen to local authorities, we need to listen to national authorities, and if national authorities believe that those gatherings represent a risk to those individuals but more importantly to the vulnerable people, they will go to visit after the gathering. Then, I think we really do have to take it upon personal responsibility. This is not about the responsibility of government, this is about each individual making a decision to protect themselves and protect others. We shouldn’t always have to have a government telling us to do that this is about personal responsibility. · The use of “we” implies that this warning requires for everyone, including WHO · Generalize the responsibility to everyone, not the local authorities only Dr. B But if I can just said, you may have heard us use the phrase “physical distancing” instead of “social distancing”, about keeping a physical distance from people, so that we could prevent the virus from transmitting to one another that’s absolutely essential, but it doesn’t mean that socially we have to disconnect from our loved ones, from our family. · The use of “you” implies the imposition · Give another resolution about physical distancing not to be a reason for disconnecting from family Datum 3 Dr. A There are public health measures that focus on containment and that is identifying cases, identifying their contacts and the principle that you take the case of the confirm case and the contact away from everybody else, so you separate the virus from the population when disease has reached a certain level, especially in community transmission and it’s no longer possible to identify all the case or all of the contacts then you move to separating everybody from everybody else, you may create a physical distance between everybody because you don’t know exactly who might the virus. So, in some senses we need to slow down the virus then we need to suppress the virus and that we need to go after the virus and that takes different combinations of different measures, but social or physical distancing measures and movement restriction measures are very hard socially, and they’re very hard economically, and we need to use whatever time those measures are in place to put in place the public health architecture that can then go after the virus, because lifting those measures may result in the disease returning if you don’t have in place the public health measures to deal with the virus yeah. · Define of how the roles of physical distancing from socity can affect to the reduction of cases · The use of “you” implies the imposition Dr. B If you think of thinking of a large gathering or you think of some a crowded space and people are very close to one another, and if you have infected individuals in that clustering of people, the opportunity for the virus to pass between people it much greater because you are physically to one another. What physical distancing does is just that, it actually separates people out. · Restate another effect of physical distancing Datum 4 Dr. B I don’t have any specific data about how each country is recording a cause of death whether it was associated with covid-19 or if there were the other reasons why people died we don’t know from the confirmed cases if those individuals have been reported as having recovered or who have died. We gave the comparison between the virus moving in older populations because we know that the virus can cause more death in older individuals as opposed to the virus circulating in younger populations where you would see less mortality. So there’s, there are a number of factors in which the mortality rate can vary different populations. And we also discussed previously about the challenges of describing mortality as an epidemic unfold, as this pandemic unfolds. · Give another option in the form of comparison of why Dr. B said so Datum 5 Dr. B By having adequate testing and sample testing as part of your strategy will help reduce this down, but that isn’t enough. We know that finding those cases, isolating cases and caring for those cases is critical quarantine of your contact, so that, they cannot pass that virus onward. It’s absolutely critical to stopping transmission moving between people. · Restate another better effect of isolating cases Datum 6 Dr. C I think for WHO, whether it’s a small country or big, whether it’s a rich country or poor, it’s the same we treat them the same way and to treat the best principle is to actually be principled, and to help them, to give them advice or to respond to their queries based on principles. · Explain the credibility of WHO’s role to treat countries around the world at the same way Datum 7 Dr. A We don’t know how much we’re going to need because we don’t know how fast this is going to develop, it’s safe to say that the supply chain is under huge pressure we’re working with the pandemic supply chain network to maximize the amount of flow of PPE into a protected supply chain for PPE for health workers around the world but, it’s now just the PPE itself, it’s getting the PPE now to countries we have issues with flight, we have issues with getting access, so we’re going to need a human architecture in effect, we’re going to need air bridges that allow us to bring stuff to countries to help in a system, and that stuff maybe lab tests that stuff maybe PPE, that stuff, maybe expertise, it’s coming increasingly difficult for us to move material around because even ships and cargo, I think as we speak over 100.000 merchant seamen are currently sitting in ports all over the world and can’t either come into the country they are in or move on in the ships they are on, so we have some serious issues within the supply chain. · Give a depiction of how the process of supply chain is affected by the pandemic Dr. C Shortage of supply of PPE could be addressed. And as a result, that because of lack of political commitment one. The supply is short to because the supply is short. Some countries are closing borders and burning exports and that cannot be a solution. And the solution with proposing if there is political commitment and we need political commitment. · Only mention “some countries” without saying which exact countries closing the border and burning export Dr. B Members of our team are having teleconferences across our infection prevention and control networks where there is a very serious discussion about the use of medical and surgical masks. We need to ensure that we prioritize the use of these masses for our Frontline workers. So please if you don't need to if you're not caring for a sick person at home, then there is then you don't need to be wearing a mask. So again, please prioritize the use of these surgical masks for the our Frontline workers. · Say “please” to support his previous definition of how important surgical masks are for frontline workers Datum 8 Dr. A We've been over 200,000 confirmed cases reported and we have 10,000 deaths so that can be calculated as a portion of those. We try to avoid that in general because very often your reported cases reflect infections up to 14 days before your debts can actually reflect people were exposed. Two weeks three weeks four weeks before so take it's not necessary thing to make that calculation but using that as a way of calculating how many people are infected is making an assumption that you actually you can make that calculation and unfortunately, we can't make that calculation what I think we need to focus on and many people we will have to wait for serology tests to really understand what the population attack rates are, but all of the data so far suggests that asymptomatic cases are relatively low proportion of symptomatic cases. We can worry about all of the other ways that we could possibly be infected theoretically and that's important and there are outliers in all of science, but the driving with regard to the death rather than trying to say 10,000 deaths and sounds like a loss in another people say well, you know people die of other things to take one look at what's happening in some Health Systems around the world. This is not normal. · Give another option to which side the interlocutor needs to focus on Dr. B So mathematical models we WHO works with a large number of modeling groups across the globe statisticians and modelers. And this is really important for us to help work through scenarios and work through the what if what may happen if we don't do anything, what will the trajectory of this outbreak in each country and at the global level or by region look like if we do nothing and those numbers are scary. · Give a depiction of how the calculation functionable to the number of larger outbreak cases Datum 9 Dr. B One of the areas that we are working on as the acceleration of vaccine development. Not just us we're working with people across the globe. There's at least 20 vaccines that are in development for covid-19. And you heard us report. We're still some time away before we would have a vaccine that could be used and they still need to go through the trials to look at efficacy. But this work is underway and we are very grateful for all of all of the partners that are working to get these trials on your way. · Mention of how crucial of the accuracy and careful made the vaccine is Dr. A I think beyond the scientific research the vaccine that's fantastic see the Innovation going on to develop vaccine candidate and take those kinds of waves through the necessary testing. We just make the vaccines and give them to people well world has learned many lessons at the mass use of vaccines and is only thing one thing more dangerous than a bad driver. So that's a bad vaccine. So we have to be very very very careful in developing any product that we're going to inject into potentially most of the world's population. So there's a lot of work to do the director-general will be leading a process with other organizations to address the issues of production scale up financing Advanced Mac commitments and the fair and equitable distribution of those vaccines and has already been reaching out to Major institutions and Global Health leaders on this. · Mention of how crucial of the accuracy and careful made the vaccine is Dr. C We have to prepare so that the vaccines can reach everybody who needs it because this vaccine should not be for the haps. It should be for those who cannot afford it to so we need to answer that question as early as possible. But the solidarity we are witnessing is very very encouraging. My colleagues were sending me a text about another solidarity, which we are saying is the solidarity of scientists who came together as you remember six weeks ago to find Solutions Diagnostics treatment and vaccines and then the other solidarity is the financing solidarity. I will give you one of some of the stories in New York theater group started a virtual singing challenge getting people to donate. It also gives us a chance to bring the best of us and that's what we need solidarity in everything and with that kind of solidarity which is decided last week, which is more infectious than the virus itself. We will be able to stop this virus. · Give another idea of what should be done while waiting the vaccine released.