Copyright © 2021 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo 268 IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 9, Number 1, June 2021 pp. 268 - 279 An Analysis of Conjunction in Descriptive Text of English Textbook Used in Tenth Grade of Senior High School Julian Fransiskus Xaverius Sianturi, Ayu Santiya, Elis Arianti Panjaitan & Kartina Rahmadhani Rambe Julian.sianturi92@gmail.com, ayumedan591@gmail.com elispanjaitan1999@gmail.com, kartinarambe@gmail.com Fakultas keguruan dan ilmu pendidikan universitas prima indonesia Medan Received: 19 March 2021 Accepted: 1 June 2021 DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v9i1.1901 Abstract The purpose of this study was to look at conjunctions in a descriptive text from a Senior High School textbook for the tenth grade. The English Textbook for Tenth Grade was employed as the research sample, and we chose SMA N 20 Medan English Textbook. This study employed two instruments: the first was a search for all the conjunction meanings, functions, and types, and the second was an analysis of the conjunctions used in the English textbook for Senior High School's Tenth Grade. The results of this study revealed that the most common types of conjunctions in English textbooks. The table shows that the Coordinating Conjunction is the most common type of conjunction in a descriptive text used in the English Textbook. The results revealed that the Coordinating Conjunctions are most prominent in the English Textbook for Senior High School's tenth grade. Which, the word “and” is most shown on the descriptive text of the English Textbook used in the tenth grade of senior high school. Keywords: Analysis, Descriptive Text, Conjunctions, Types of Conjunctions. http://u.lipi.go.id/1457703302 mailto:Julian.sianturi92@gmail.com mailto:elispanjaitan1999@gmail.com IDEAS, Vol. 7 No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 269 INTRODUCTION As a component of people, language is essential in separating persons as well as different creatures on the planet. Individuals from all around the world can communicate with one another through language. Furthermore, language is the most important tool for people to use in order to express their thoughts, feelings, and conclusions. Smarapradhipa (2005:1) agrees with Keraf, resulting in a two- language comprehension. The main idea of language is that it is an image of the sound produced by a human being. Second, language is a correspondence system that employs discretionary vocal images (discourse sound). While Cecillia (1994) stated that the purpose behind writing is to impart thoughts and data, creating is more than merely placing importance to particular phrases in numerous random sentences. If the words aren't carefully chosen, the message will be muddled, and the correspondence will fall apart. According to Nunan (1989), writing is a complex intellectual activity that necessitates the author's knowledge of several aspects such as accentuation, linguistic framework, jargon, and letter development. Writing is thought to be the most difficult of the four language abilities for understudies to master. Composing is a challenging capacity in learning a language, according to Heaton (1975). Composing abilities are perplexing and difficult to teach, requiring mastery not only of grammatical and logical devices, but also of theoretical and critical components. It requires a portion of the practices to be documented as a tangible copy in order for someone to be capable of dominating it. Composing, according to Nunan (1991), is "the real evidence of committing words or concepts to a media." Composing is also a moment for journalists to ponder, play with ideas, and learn new and more in-depth information about what we can feel and accept. According to Bernards, writing is an excellent way for learners to fine-tune their desires to write until they become clear and justifiable correspondence (Bernard, 1991). When it comes to mastering English, there are four key skills that might determine whether or not students grasp the language. Composing, tuning in, perusing, and conversing are all examples of these activities. Listening and reading are referred to as'responsive' talents, whereas talking and writing are referred to as 'useful' abilities. One of the four abilities depicted above is syntax, which has a significant impact on language dominance. Punctuation may not be recalled for the four basic abilities of language acquisition, but sentence structure connects the four fundamental talents. Conjunction is one of the several viewpoints we acquire in sentence Julian Fransiskus Xaverius Sianturi, Ayu Santiya, Elis Arianti Panjaitan, Kartina Raahmadhani Rambe An Analysis of Conjunction in Descriptive Text of English Textbook Used in Tenth Grade of Senior High School 270 building. When communicating in your native tongue and need to connect two ideas in a single sentence, you may use a sort of word to connect the two ideas. Conjunctions are what we call connectors in English. We use a variety of techniques to shape a statement or text "The sentence/text is structured with the words "and, nonetheless, in, in, that, to, and so on." nonetheless, at, in, that, this, and so on "is a conjunctive word used between phrases or messages to make the statement or text full (without requiring a lot of guesswork or significance). The significance of a Conjunction word, according to the research group, is a word that connects sentences in a content and has the ability to operate on the content and sentence's meaning. Conjunctions connect two or more words, phrases, or clauses. Conjunctions permit you to shape unpredictable, exquisite sentences and keep away from the unevenness of different short sentences. Ensure that the expressions joined by conjunctions are equal (share a similar design). Conjunctions, according to the master, are words that are employed to connect words, statements, and sentences (Chaer, 1998:140). According to Dykes (2007:73), the word "conjunction" is derived from the Latin words "con" and "youngere," which mean "to join." As a result, Conjunction connects at least two grammatical forms of the same type or at least two sentences. Conjunctions, according to Bernard (1993:90), are words that connect various words or groups of words. Distinct content, according to Anderson (2003:26), depicts a specific person, place, or thing. It means that compelling information is created in an unusual way about a person, a place, or items. The Problem of the Study It can be phrased as follows, based on the foregoing context: 1. What are the different sorts of conjunctions that are utilized in the descriptive texts in the SMA grade X English textbook? 2. In the English textbook for SMA grade X, what are the most common types of conjunctions? The Objective of the Study The study's main goals are as follows: 1. Determine the most common types of conjunctions in descriptive texts in an English textbook for Senior High School students in the tenth grade. 2. to determine the most common types of conjunctions used in the SMA grade X English textbook The Scope of the Study Procedure, descriptive, recount, narrative, report, and other types of reading texts are among the options in the textbook. The researcher will focus on IDEAS, Vol. 7 No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 271 the examination of conjunction in descriptive text, particularly grammatical and lexical conjunction, in this study. The Significance of the Study The researcher hopes that this study will be useful for the following purposes: 1. Teacher The teacher can use the findings of this study to increase their knowledge and experience in selecting appropriate books, allowing pupils to develop their reading skills. 2. The pupils Because the teachers will have previously learned how to select fascinating textbooks for the teaching learning process, pupils will be more motivated to read. 3. Other researchers This study will ideally serve as a reference for other researchers interested in conducting similar research, particularly in the collect conjunction in descriptive text included in the English Material book for tenth grade. METHOD Research Design This study used subjective research in a unique way. Subjective approach, as defined by Bogdan and Taylor and cited by Lexy J. Moloeng, is "a research methodology that obtains unambiguous information in written or spoken form from individuals and their observed behavior." According to them, this methodology is designed to find a solution to a mystery or other specific issue by focusing on the whole picture rather than breaking it down into pieces. The Data The expressive material discovered in English course reading named "Buku Bahasa Inggris" for SMA/Mama/SMK/MAK Kelas X distributed by Service of Training and Julian Fransiskus Xaverius Sianturi, Ayu Santiya, Elis Arianti Panjaitan, Kartina Raahmadhani Rambe An Analysis of Conjunction in Descriptive Text of English Textbook Used in Tenth Grade of Senior High School 272 Culture of Indonesia, 2017 prepared by Utami widiati, Zuliati Rohmah, and Furaidah is the wellspring of information in this study. The Source of Data The researcher used a SMA N 20 Medan as the object of study in this study. The researcher is a significant instrument in this study. The study will be aided by the use of "Buku Bahasa Inggris" for SMA/Mama/SMK/MAK Kelas X, published by the Service of Training and Culture of Indonesia in 2017, and written by Utami widiati, Zuliati Rohmah, and Furaidah. The Technique of Collecting Data The researcher will do a few systems to gather the information. The methods are: 1. The researcher will take an English reading material for 10th grade 2. The researcher will peruse all the substance in English course book 3. The specialist will discover the kinds of conjunctions from the content that appeared in English reading material 4. The specialist will make a segments by the kinds of combination 5. The researcher will make a gathering of the combination The information research strategy was coordinated to react to the investigate query in subjective exploration. "Information research is a diversified interaction that occurs at the same time with information assortment, information comprehension, and report composing," said Creswell, Miles, and Huberman, as quoted by Teacher Denis. Results In this research, researchers directed exploration and finished the information by read the course book and search some data about the conjunctions type and mastermind the sorts of the conjunctions, also, give an imprint on the course reading that have a conjunctions appeared in an illustrative content and gather it into the sorts. Information assortment was done at SMA N 20 Medan and utilize their book to gather the information. In information assortment, the researchers directed two IDEAS, Vol. 7 No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 273 instruments, in particular examining the sorts of conjunctions and gather all the combination appeared in an illustrative content on the course reading and mastermind it into the table by the sorts of the conjunctions. The information research process was coordinated in subjective research to react to the investigation inquiry. "Information research is a various interplay that happens all the time with information assortment, information understanding, and report composing," said Creswell, Miles, and Huberman, as quoted by Educator Denis. The model of information research is depicted in the diagram above, exactly as information assortment is depicted in subjective research. In this vein, the researcher mentions Mathew B. Miles and A. Michael Huberman's information recovery measure in theory. They divided the investigation cycle into three stages: information decrease, information showcases, and conclusion. Drawing/Confirmation. We use a variety of techniques to shape a statement or text "The sentence/text is structured with the words "and, nonetheless, in, in, that, to, and so on." also, yet, at, in, that, this, and so on "is a conjunctive term used between sentences or messages to ensure that the statement or text is full (and so does not require much guesswork or significance). The researcher expressed that the importance of a Conjunction word is a word that is interconnected between sentences in a content which has the quality of improving on the significance of the content and sentence. For example, we can deduce that "and" is a Conjunction that implies that Richard and Megie are plural structures, and "to" is a Conjunction that completes the goal of "going to the office." Conjunctions, for the most part, are words that connect two or more words, phrases, or situations. For model : - I like cooking and eating, yet I don't care for washing dishes subsequently. - Sophie is plainly depleted, yet she demands moving till day break. Conjunctions allow you to create mind-boggling, beautiful sentences while avoiding the unevenness of multiple short phrases. Make sure the expressions connected by conjunctions are the same (share something very similar structure). Conjunctions are words that are utilized to associate the word by word, provision by statement, or sentence by phrase, as specified by the master (Chaer, 1998:140). According to Dykes (2007:73), the word "conjunction" is derived from the Latin words "con" and "youngere," which mean "to join." Conjunction connects at least two comparative grammatical characteristics or two sentences in this way. Conjunctions, according to Bernard (1993:90), are words that connect or group Julian Fransiskus Xaverius Sianturi, Ayu Santiya, Elis Arianti Panjaitan, Kartina Raahmadhani Rambe An Analysis of Conjunction in Descriptive Text of English Textbook Used in Tenth Grade of Senior High School 274 together various words. Also, as per Harris (2009) states that as their name suggests, conjunctions joins together component of thought: words, expressions, sentences, and parahraph. TANJUNG PUTING NATIONAL PARK (TEXT 1) NO KALIMAT CONJUCTION Coo rdin atin g Subordinating Correlative 1 This is a park, but it's not like any park you've seen in your city; it's a jungle! It's a true jungle, home to the world's most fascinating creature: orangutans. but - - 2 Orangutans spend the majority of their time in the trees, climbing or hanging from branch to branch using their long arms. Or - - 3 Camp Leakey is both a rehabilitation center and a preservation facility for orangutans who have been released from captivity. For, and - - 4 It is also a well-known center for orangutan study, which has been carried out by renowned primatologist Dr. BiruteGaldikas since 1971. For since - 5 It takes three days and two nights to get by boat to Camp Leakey. And - - 6 During your voyage into the jungle, you sleep, cook, and eat in the klotok at all hours of the day and night. and, and - - IDEAS, Vol. 7 No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 275 7 A group of 30 light- brown monkeys may leap into the river from branches 10 meters or higher and cross immediately in front of the boat. or,a nd - - 8 These monkeys are well aware that the boat's engine noise and the threat of its propeller frighten crocodiles, who eat these chubby monkeys. And - - 9 The only lighting for the night are a pristine sky and a dazzling array of stars. And As - Jumlah 12 2 0 TEXT 2: TAJ MAHAL No KALIMAT CONJUCTION Coor dinat ing Subordinating Correlative 1 The TajMahal, which stands magnificently on the banks of the Yamuna River, is synonymous with love and romance. And - - Julian Fransiskus Xaverius Sianturi, Ayu Santiya, Elis Arianti Panjaitan, Kartina Raahmadhani Rambe An Analysis of Conjunction in Descriptive Text of English Textbook Used in Tenth Grade of Senior High School 276 2 Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in honour of his beloved wife and queen. And - - 3 The Taj Mahal is the pinnacle of architectural and artistic achievement. And - - 4 Semi-precious stones (such as jade, crystal, lapis lazuli, amethyst, and turquoise) are inlaid into the white marble to create the exquisite motifs. And - - 5 At the corners, four thin towers, or minarets, stand. Or - - 6 The false tomb of MumtazMahal is housed in an octagonal marble chamber embellished with decorations and semi-precious stones inside the mausoleum. And - - 7 At dawn when the first rays of the sun hits the dome of this epic monument, it radiates like a heavenly pinkish palace. - when - 8 The Taj appears milky white throughout the day when the sky is bright and clear. And when - 9 When the full moon rays fall on the gleaming white marble on a moonlit night, the cold moon rays reflect back and give the TajMahal a tint of blue tint. And when - Jumlah 8 3 NIAGARA FALLS (TEXT 3) NO KALIMAT CONJUCTION Coordinating Subordinat ing Correlati ve 1 Three waterfalls that straddle the international border between the Canadian province of Ontario and the state of New York are known as Niagara Falls. for,and - - IDEAS, Vol. 7 No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 277 2 The Horseshoe Falls, American Falls, and Bridal Veil Falls are the three waterfalls, in order of their size. And - - 3 On the Canadian side, the Horseshoe Falls are located, while on the American side, the American Falls are there. And - - 4 This attraction allows visitors to get closer to the falls and experience the thundering waters firsthand. And - - 5 Sandals and waterproof clothing are given. And - - 6 A journey to the Falls at night, when they are lighted in a variety of colors, is very spectacular. - When - 7 It is a half-hour picturesque boat trip of the American and Canadian Falls that is world- famous. and,for - - 8 The trip can be accessed by the state park's observation tower elevator at Prospect Point. The boat runs from mid-May through late- October. - Until - 9 Tourists can take part in the most powerful and engaging cinema experience ever created, which brings reality to life on a 45-foot screen. And - - 10 Audience members are given the opportunity to fall over the thunderous Falls from an entirely unique and thrilling perspective. and,and - - 11 The theater has hourly shows and offers free multi-language headsets. And - - Julian Fransiskus Xaverius Sianturi, Ayu Santiya, Elis Arianti Panjaitan, Kartina Raahmadhani Rambe An Analysis of Conjunction in Descriptive Text of English Textbook Used in Tenth Grade of Senior High School 278 12 Another location to go is the Niagara Science Museum, which is a haven for the preservation and appreciation of historic scientific instruments and philosophical apparatus. for,and,and - - 13 They can witness images from Fort Niagara, an Indian village, a historic store, a blacksmith, and a barber business, as well as how electricity is generated. and,and - - 14 Wax figures of Julia Roberts, Princess Diana, and others are And - - RECAPITULATION OF CONJUNCTION USAGE DATA CONJUCTION No Coordinating Subordinating Korelative BUT OR FOR AND SINCE AS WHEN UNTIL - 1 1 2 2 7 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 7 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 4 20 1 0 2 2 0 Total 1 3 6 34 2 1 5 2 0 Discussion The findings revealed that there are three types of conjunctions in the descriptive text of the English textbook "Buku Bahasa Inggris" for SMA/Mama/SMK/MAK Kelas X, published by the Service of Training and Culture of Indonesia in 2017, and written by Utami widiati, Zuliati Rohmah, and Fujairah. The following is a description of the text: “Tanjung Putting National Park”, “Taj Mahal”, “Niagara Falls” consist of 37 Sentences, and 3 parts of the descriptive text used 2 kinds of 3 conjunctions are most shown in that text. In the first text entitled “Tanjung Putting National Park,” there are Coordinating Conjunctions ( divided into words: but “1 time”, or ”2 times”, for “2 times”, and “7 times” ) are most shown in that text and Subordinating Conjunctions ( divided into words: since “1 time”, as “1 time” ) is less shown in that text. In the second text entitled “Taj Mahal” there are Coordinating Conjunctions ( divided into words: or ”1 time”, and “7times” ) are most shown in that text, and IDEAS, Vol. 7 No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 279 Subordinating Conjunctions ( divided into words: when “3 times”) are less shown in that text. In the last text entitled “Niagara Falls” there are Coordinating Conjunctions (divided into words: for “4 times”, and “20 times” ), and Subordinating Conjunctions ( divided into words: since “1 time”, when “2 times”, until “2 times” ) are less shown in that text Conclusion The researcher found that the descriptive text in the English textbook "Buku Bahasa Inggris" for SMA/Mama/SMK/MAK Kelas X distributed by the Service of Training and Culture of Indonesia, 2017 produced by Utami widiati and Zuliati Rohmah was written by Utami widiati and Zuliati Rohmah. Furthermore, Furaidah is made up of 37 sentences and three pieces of descriptive text that use two types of three conjunctions in that text. The Coordinating Conjunctions ( divided into 44 words ) are displayed in the text, the Subordinating Conjunctions ( split into 10 words ) are seen in the text, and the Correlative Conjunctions ( divided into 10 words ) are the fewest conjunctions not visible in the text. 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