The particular dialect or language that a person chooses to use on any occasion is called a code 1 IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 9, Number 1, June 2021 pp. 169 - 188 Copyright © 2021 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo An Analysis of Affixes in Recount Text of English Text Book Use in Eight Grade of Junior High School Eva Wati Nainggolan, Lola Chandra Evanty Panggabean, Popy Sinaga, Kartina Rahmadhani Rambe, evanainggolan78@gmail.com, lolachandra80@gmail.com, Sinagapopy@gmail.com, kartinarambe@gmail.com English Language Study Program Faculty Of Training And Education Universitas Prima Indonesia Received: 19 April 2021 Accepted: 01 June 2021 DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v9i1. Abstract This research is a study of affixation in recount text stories in eight grade English books at SMP Sw Cendramata Medan. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of affixes contained in the story and where the affixes contained in a story in the form of recount text. This affixis can also be found in morphology where morphology is the study of word structure and studying changes in word changes that have their respective groups and have meaning changes in the word.Morphology has 2 types, namely from facies and fection, from facies. This is related to affixes, to recognize these affixes through 2 ways, namely prefix and suffix. The affix that is located at the beginning of the word is called the prefix while the affix that is located at the end of the word is called the suffix. Based on its location, the affix has 3 types, namely prefix, insertion, and suffix, and based on its function, the affix consists of affixes from facies and inflections.Affixes that cause a change in meaning,recall is often used in a story. This research analyzes and its object is the recount text story contained in the eighth grade reading book. With the title of the story The story of holiday at home. qualitative descriptive is the method used in this research.After the research was conducted, the results of the data analysis found that the use of a suffix was more significant in the recout text story .The result of this research is to find any the suffix affix that dominates the story and the result of the data is that there are 7 suffixes, namely 7 -s,-ed, -ing, -es, -ers, -ty and –ness. Keywords: Morphology, Affixes, Recount Text http://u.lipi.go.id/1457703302 mailto:evanainggolan78@gmail.com 2 Introduction 3 Eva Wati Nainggolan, Lola Chandra Evanty Panggabean, Popy Sinaga AN ANALYSIS OF AFFIXES IN RECOUNT TEXT OF ENGLISH TEXT BOOK USE IN EIGHT GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1.1. Background of the study Language is very broad to learn. In academics, language is studied in linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and others. language is one of the means of communication and human expression which is very important and also, ideas, thoughts, and feelings towards others through sounds, gestures or gestures. Gleason (1958:10) language is an arbitrary symbolic system used by members of a society to communicate with each other. Sciencethatstudieslanguage,form,meaningandcontextiscalledlinguistics.Linguistics is the study of language from the point of view of the branch of internal structure, including morphology. Nida (1949: 1), Morphology is the study of morphemes andtheir structure in word formation, and morphemes themselves are the smallest units that have dramaticmeaning. Affixation is a part of morphology and it is a morphological process. Morphology is science that studies word order or the internal structure of words, so that there is a relationship between these structures and changes in words and their meanings, also related to morphemes. These morphemes are divided into two types, namely: free morphemes and bound morphemes, related to derivatives and inflections. Derivational morphology discusses the ins and outs of word forms, where morphem is the smallest language unit with its own meaning, and where there is the formation of new words and the meaning of the word, as well as how the rules or principles will be learned in the construction of these new words and do not interfere with the role grammar, where the inflected morphology will be played on nouns, pronouns and verbs. Besides that, we will also learn how to vary words in the context of expressing grammatical contrasts in sentences such as singular, plular, or in the present / past tense. Affixes are useful for English learners to develop not only word knowledge but also knowledge of word structures, too; and moreover they are useful for being students succeeds in academic English by building a rich vocabulary. Besides,the use of recount text is the subject of reviewing the use of affixes in stories contained in the recall text from English books for grade 8 junior high school RecounttextisatypeoftextinEnglishthattellsaboutastory,action,oractivity,usually, recount text tells about someone'sexperience. 1.2. The Problem of the study 3 IDEAS, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Based on the research background above, the research problems have been stated as Following : The main point question that will be answered in this analysis researching is what is affixation in English. By this problem, it is hoped to be able to help the teacher in teaching English, especially in forming affixation of English and also for the students in adding their knowledge about English. The problem above will detail as follows: To what extend do the grade Eight students of Junior High School use the English Affixation in Recount writing? 1.3. The objective of study Based on the research problem, the researcher formulated the study objectives. The purpose of this research is to know how much use of affixes on recount text was dominant in the English text book eight grade of senior high school. 1.4. The scope of study This study discusses the use of affixes contained in the recount text. In this study, we will limit the discussion on the analysis of affixes in the recount text, especially prefix and suffix. 1.5 The significance of study This research is expected to provide several benefits for some of them. 1. Teachers Teachers can apply these learning outcomes as feedback in teaching process activities and provide experience in selecting suitable books and topics so that students can understand better. 2. Students. 4 Eva Wati Nainggolan, Lola Chandra Evanty Panggabean, Popy Sinaga AN ANALYSIS OF AFFIXES IN RECOUNT TEXT OF ENGLISH TEXT BOOK USE IN EIGHT GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Students get motivation to increase interest in learning because the teacher already knows how to choose interesting textbooks and provides some new terms to attract students' attention in the teaching and learning process. Other researchers Researchers hope that this research will be useful or used as additional reference material for other research who are interested in growing and having an impact on positive things Method RESEARCH DESIGN The participants this research were the Junior high school , The research data is generated from the results of analyzing the story which is the recount text that is exposed in the eighth grade junior high school book. Qualitative descriptive is the method used in this study. The data of this study were taken from the story recount text in the eighth grade reading book, where the text was analyzed to find affixations in the recount text. Such as exposure (Best & Kahn, 1995) explains that the descriptive method provides an explanation or explanation of the symptoms associated with the current state. The recording, analysis and interpretation of current symptoms have the following characteristics: Provide the best possible and direct facts on problems and variables which the researcher cannot manipulate. This is done to see the effectiveness of the use of stories in additive learning to students. The research objective was to determine that there are types of additives and how to use them as additives in a story. If affixation itself is part of morphology, which is a science that learns word order or word structure, there are two kinds of morphology, namely, deripation and inflection, and where the derivative morphology relates to the use of affixation, beyond the scope of itself the research limits the extent of analyzing prefix and suffix.Affixes can be recognized in two ways, namely prefix and suff. This chapter discusses the methods used and how the procedures are used in solving research problems and several theories that the authors wrote in the previous chapter.Based on the theories, the writer tries to describe methodology, research design, subject, object, participant observation, technique of collecting data, triangulation and data interpretation 2.2 Data And Source Of Data (Zuchdi, 1993: 29) explains that data is a unit of information recorded in a medium that can distinguish other data, and is also analyzed by existing techniques and is more relevant to the problem under study.The data collected and reviewed in this research is descriptive qualitative data. The source of the data in this study 5 IDEAS, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) was the eighth grade English textbook of the State Junior High School in Cendramata Medan 2.3 The Instrument of DataCollection There are many techniques for collecting data. In this study the authors use qualitative methodology in analyzing data. The research instrument was a data card used to record all the material contained in the textbook which was the source of this research data. The author collects data with observe, record, and interview data based on research subjects. That is, the author collects data about what he saw, what he heard, what he felt when they make narrative writing data. 2.4 The Procedure of Data Collection Researchers will carry out several procedures to collect data the procedure is: 1. Researchers will determine a book as the object ofresearch 2. Researchers will determine the object of study material in the textbook according tothe researchtitle 3. Researchers will review the researchmaterial 4. Researchers will record the results of thestudy 5. The researcher will write the results of the research in a structured manner 2.5 The Technique of Data analysis Data analysis technique is a most decisive stepfrom a study, because data analysis serves to conclude the resultsresearch. Data analysis can be done through the following stages: 1. Research Stage a. Planning At this research stage the activities carried out are as follows: 1) Researchers design reading books obtained from the research object to make samples. 2) Researchers make instruments to analyze data from reading books. b. Implementation At this research stage the activities carried out are as follows: 1) Researchers carry out learning on research samples. 2) Researchers test, analyze and assign instruments, research. c. Evaluation At this stage, the researcher analyzes and processes the existing data collected 6 Eva Wati Nainggolan, Lola Chandra Evanty Panggabean, Popy Sinaga AN ANALYSIS OF AFFIXES IN RECOUNT TEXT OF ENGLISH TEXT BOOK USE IN EIGHT GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL by a predetermined method. d. Preparation of reports The next stage carried out in this research activity is to compile and report the results of the research completely and accurately, according to the structure used. Results The researcher took the steps in conducting the research by directly reviewing the place of research, and determining the object of the research instrument, the researcher asked permission from the school and the teacher in the field of study being treated. The researcher then continued the stage of the research procedure stage as set out in the research proposal.. From the story excerpt tells the text taken from the eighth grade book, the story is an experience in describing activities on holidays. We can see that there are many affixations used in the story, where the 7 IDEAS, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) researcher found the use of the suffix affix that dominates the story. After the participants read the story,the the affixes were identified,classified and analyzed. Here are the affixes found in the sory. Tabel 1. Prefix Prefix Word Jumlah − − − Tabel 2. Suffix Suffix Word Jumlah 8 Eva Wati Nainggolan, Lola Chandra Evanty Panggabean, Popy Sinaga AN ANALYSIS OF AFFIXES IN RECOUNT TEXT OF ENGLISH TEXT BOOK USE IN EIGHT GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL S Friends Holidays Games Members Times Days 6 Ed Wanted Strated Played Continued Followed Gathered Asked Repearted Tried Accompanied 10 Ing Hanging Shopping Living Chatting Conducting Waiting Having Watching Relaxing Doing 10 Es Activities Stories 2 Ers Players 1 Ty Activity 1 Ness Togetherness 1 Based on the findings above,there is many suffixed found in the story. Suffix is the most usually in used and not only in the form of narrative stories or in other story forms, but in this recount text story only has a saffix and no prefix. There 7 suffixes found in the story recount text,they are;-s,-ed,-ing, -es, -ers, -ty and –ness. Discussion In the chapter, the research present the data and answer the research 9 IDEAS, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) problems. This research shows that the use of the affix that dominates the text of the recount story which is more directed toward the simple past tense. Data has been analyzed from document analysis and interviews. 3.1.1 The classification of Affixes The classification can be divided into two divisions from two points of view. English Affixation Affixation is a morphological process which adds to the bound morpheme (usually short) becomes free morpheme. According to McCarthy (2006: 84), Affixation is the process by which affixes are attached from ground to bottom, which may be simple (as in full,the ground where -ness attaches to the result of fullness), or is complex (such as meditating, grounding previously engaged to produce plans) In Useless Language affixation will be hard to find. In this case for the affixation process, we can add this three kinds of prefixes, namely: prefix, infix, and suffix. Where the affix occurs at the beginning of the word is called a prefix and the prefixes that appear at the end those words are called suffixes. Discussion The study of affixes is included in morphology where morphology is a learned science minimal sound elements and their combined patterns to make up words. English words are made from the morpheme, the smallest speech units with a grammatical meaning or function. An affix is a bond morphemes that are added to the stem for grammatical reasons and if not converted to different word classes. The free morpheme (sometimes called "stem" or "base") is one which can happen in person. for example books, pencils, elephants, love, happy, etc. The Prefixes Here are t Prefix is an affix (affix) that is placed before the root form or it can be called root. After root is added with a prefix, it cannot be broken down to modify its meaning because it is a word of its simplest form. Example: a-, anti-, be-, dis-, un-, im-, non-, il-, ex- (dislike, along, unbelievable, illegal, anti-lock, disable, important, exchange, impolite) 10 Eva Wati Nainggolan, Lola Chandra Evanty Panggabean, Popy Sinaga AN ANALYSIS OF AFFIXES IN RECOUNT TEXT OF ENGLISH TEXT BOOK USE IN EIGHT GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL he common English prefixes: tabel.1 N o Prefix Meaning Example 1. ambi- both, two Ambidextrous Ambiguous Ambivalence 2. ante- Before Antedencent Antepenultimate Antenatal Anteroom 3. anti- Against Anticlimax Anticommunist Antiseptic 4 . arch- Principal Archbishopl Archenemy Archangel 5 . auto- Self Autobiography Autodidactic Autotoxin 6 . be- around, all over, thoroughly, Becalm bewitch 11 IDEAS, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) cover with 7 . bene- Well Benediction Benefactor Benefit 8 . bi- twice/two Bicycle Bilateral Bimonthly 9 . bio- Life Biography Biological Biology 1 0. co-, company- join, with, accompany Coordinator co-operative 1 1. contra-, counter- againts, opposite Contradict Counterclaim Counteract 1 2. cent-, Centenary 12 Eva Wati Nainggolan, Lola Chandra Evanty Panggabean, Popy Sinaga AN ANALYSIS OF AFFIXES IN RECOUNT TEXT OF ENGLISH TEXT BOOK USE IN EIGHT GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL centi- Century Centigrade Centimeter 1 3. de- revesal of something , down Decompose Depopulated Defrost Depress 1 4. dia- through, across- Diameter Diagram Diaphragm 1 5. dis- not, opposite, of reverse, action Disloyal Disagree Disconnect 1 6. fore- Before Forearm Forefather Foreman 1 7. geo- relating to the earth Geography 13 IDEAS, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Geomorphology Geopolitics 1 8. hydro- relating to the water Hydroelectric Hydrogen Hydrology 1 9. hyper- above, excessive Hyperactive Hypercritical Hypersensitive 2 0. inter- among, between Interact Intercultural Interlinear 2 1. intra- inside, within intra-collegiate Intramural Intravenous 2 2. marco- Long Marcoclimate Macrobiotic Marcoeconomics 2 3. micro- Small Microfilm 14 Eva Wati Nainggolan, Lola Chandra Evanty Panggabean, Popy Sinaga AN ANALYSIS OF AFFIXES IN RECOUNT TEXT OF ENGLISH TEXT BOOK USE IN EIGHT GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Microscope Microorganism 2 4. neo- New Neocolonialism Neoclassical Neophyte 2 5. non- Not Noncombatant Nonexistent Nonsense 2 6. ortho- straight, correct Orthography Orthopedic 2 7. over- too much Overreact Overact Overpaid 2 8. pan- all, worldwide pan-African Panchromatic pan-Islam 2 9. peri- Around Perimeter Peripharse Periscope 3 0. quasi- half, almost quasi-liberal quasi-offical 15 IDEAS, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) quasi-scientific The Suffixes In this section the suffix is attached to the end of the root. in this case the suffix clearly contributes to the ending of words and also the importance of the origin of the word as well as its meaning: A suffix is a word addition that is placed after the root form, and the same as a prefix, a word that is already using a suffix cannot be decoded again. Suffixes are divided into two types, namely: A. Derivational suffix: changing not only the meaning of words but also the class of words (parts of speech). Noun suffix: addition of a word that causes the root to become a noun".-acy,- age,-al,-an,-ian,-ance,-ancy,-ary,-ate,-ation,-dom,-er,-ess,-ful,-hood,-ive,-ment,- ness,-ship Example in a sentence: "thank you for your kindness". Verb suffix: addition of words that cause the root word to become a verb. -ate, -en, -er, -ify, -ize. Example in a sentence: "the doctor socialize the danger of HIV AID". Adjective suffix: addition of a word that causes the root to be an adjective. - able, -less, -istic, -ish, -ful. Example in a sentence: "he is jobless right now". Adverbial suffix: to form an adverb. -ly, -wise, -ever, -ward. Example in a sentence: “she runs quickly”. B. Inflectional suffix: a suffix is located at the end of the word which forms the grammar. So it doesn't change the word class of root. Plural nouns and simple present tense: -s, -es. Example in a sentence: "andi washes his car". Progressive verb: -ing, talk becomes talking. Example in a sentence: "I am talking about politic". Comparative and superlative: -er, -est. Example in a sentence: "amy is taller than me". Simple past tense regular verb and past paerticiple: -ed, -ed. Example in a sentence: "her named is widia". Table.2 16 Eva Wati Nainggolan, Lola Chandra Evanty Panggabean, Popy Sinaga AN ANALYSIS OF AFFIXES IN RECOUNT TEXT OF ENGLISH TEXT BOOK USE IN EIGHT GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL No Suffix Function and meaning Example 1. -able, makes adjective meaning Accountable Adaptable Fashionable 2. -ible able to, likely to, etc Respoonsibel Eligible 3. -acy makes nouns of quality or condition from adjectives Aristocracy Diplomacy Privacy 4. -age makes noun meaning collection or service Acriage Coinage Storage 5. -al makes nouns and adjectives meaningful of,pertaining to.connected with Accindental Appraisal Conjectural 6. - cide Makes nouns meaning an act or killing Genocide Insecticide Suicide 7. -dom makes nouns meaning state of or rank Earldom 17 IDEAS, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Freedom Officialdom 8. -ed makes adjective meaning having, resembling, etc. Laughed hard-headed Talented 9. -ee makes nouns meaning one who Absentee Employee Trustee 10. -eer makes nouns and verbs meaning one who works with or one who makes Profilteer Mountaineer 11. -fold makes adjective meaning having x parts Hundredfold Manifold Tenfold No Suffix Function and Meaning Example 12. -hood makes nouns meaning the state of being Boyhood brotherhood 18 Eva Wati Nainggolan, Lola Chandra Evanty Panggabean, Popy Sinaga AN ANALYSIS OF AFFIXES IN RECOUNT TEXT OF ENGLISH TEXT BOOK USE IN EIGHT GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Manhood 13. -ic Makes adjectives meaning connected with Alcoholic Poetic 14. -ical Makes adjectives meaning connected Biolical Poetical Statistical 15. -less makes adjectives meaning free from, without Colorless Lawless Senseless 16. -let makes nouns meaning little, or an arrangement Booklet Piglet 17. -like makes adjectivies meaning resembling gentlemanlike Lifelike Warlike 18. -ling makes noun meaning young, little or a person Earthling Duckling Underling 19. -ify, -fy makes verbs meaning to cause to be or become Classify 19 IDEAS, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2021 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Conclusion This study was analyzed using the eighth grade English reading book by analyzing the use of affixes contained in the recount text story. In analyzing the researcher found the use of affixation in recount text stories contained in English reading books.the study was conducted following a qualitative approach (Chapter II), Methodology (Chapter III),Data Analysis (Chapter IV). Beautify Intensify Deify Apmplify 20. -logy makes noun meaning a branch of science Biology Geology Sociology Zoology 21. -ous makes adjectives denoting quality adventurous poisonous Jealous 22. -wise makes adverb meaning Clockwise Crosswise money-wise 20 Eva Wati Nainggolan, Lola Chandra Evanty Panggabean, Popy Sinaga AN ANALYSIS OF AFFIXES IN RECOUNT TEXT OF ENGLISH TEXT BOOK USE IN EIGHT GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL References Supraba, A., Wahyono, E., & Syukur, A. (2020). The Implementation of Reading Aloud in Developing Students' Speaking Skill. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 8(1), 145 - 153. doi:https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v8i1.1319 Kusumawardhani, P. (2020). 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