632 Copyright © 2022 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 10, Number 1, June 2022 pp. 632 – 647 Unhomeliness and Hybridity in Jung’s Shine: Postcolonial Study Putri Wahyuni*1, Pramudana Ihsan2, Sri Lestari3 *putriwahyuni552@gmail.com 1,2,3 Faculty of Education and Teacher, University of Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia Received: 2022-05-31 Accepted: 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v10i1.2739 Abstract This research used a qualitative method that prioritizes information on the novel text and interpretation it into the analysis. The data taken from a novel entitled Shine by Jessica Jung, journals and books. The focus of this study is the main character in the Shine novel, Rachel Kim. This study is about postcolonialism. Rachel Kim had experienced identity issues that occurred in her life. This research aims to describe how the identity issue occurred in Rachel. An overview of the identity issues experienced by Rachel is explained in the discussion of this article. Unhomeliness and hybridity are concepts described in the phenomena that occurred to Rachel. Unhomeliness is a sense of a person caught in two cultures. Hybridity is the strategy of colonized become the part of the colonizer. Both theories analyze the identity issues experienced by the main characters in the novel. The reference used is the theory of unhomeliness and hybridity is to use the concept of Homi. K. Bhaba. Unhomeliness analysis refers to the phenomenon of racism, discrimination, and rejection of the main character. As a result, the main character got mockery jokes and physical appearance toward her. The main character was sorrowful and upset being Korean in America. Furthermore, the analysis of hybridity described in the phenomenon Rachel wants to become a K-pop star. Along with her move from America to Korea, she also got rejected in Korea. The cause of rejection in Korea was because of her American background. Even though she got treated like that, she still struggles to achieve her dream as a K-pop star. The analysis proved the hybridity phenomenon had a relationship with the cause of Rachel's unhomeliness. The result of this study was the main character hybridized her identity. The first perceived experience phenomenon by the main character is unhomeliness and the second is hybridity. Being a K- pop star is made her proud as a Korean. As well as being a K-pop star who has Korean America would make her special in the entertainment industry. Thus, Rachel's identity is not fixed but hybridized. Keywords: Unhomeliness; Hybridity; Postcolonial (Alphabetical) IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 1, June 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 633 Introduction Shine is the first novel published in 2020. This novel is written by Jessica Jung. The author of the novel is the K-pop Star and former lead single of Korea's most famous girl group, Girls Generation. The story of this novel tells about the main character who namely Rachel Kim. She is seventeen years old Korean-American girl who wants to become a K-pop star. The struggle that she experienced becoming a DB Entertainment trainee is told in the novel. There is so much conflict that is existed in the story. Through the conflict with their parents, people surrounding her like the rejection and racism that happened to her in Korea and America. Also problem with her trainee friends. (Jung, 2020). Identity is very crucial to describe a person. The form of one's identity is name, gender, religion, age. National identity is also an important point to know which nation one is attached to. However, what if the national identity attached to a person makes her feel unwelcome in the environment which she lives. The thing that makes a person feel unaccepted by the surrounding community because of the race and ethnicity attached to her so that she does not feel the place where she belongs. It is reflected in the main character of Shine novel. The writer finds most issues that will be conducted in this study, that is the issue of identity which experienced by the main character, Rachel. Rachel was confused with her identity in her social environment. It is proven in the story that was written by the author of this novel, Jessica Jung. Rachel is confused with her existence in her world. She gets rejection in Korea and America. It can be concluded that the phenomena of Unhomeliness and Hybridity occurred in her life. The story of this novel is fascinating also conflict issues experienced by the main character against her identity is exist. This novel also contains of racism. That is the reason why the writer is interested to choose this novel for conducting the study. The benefit of this research in the present are: first, the readers can get the knowledge about what postcolonial studies are like. Second, this study is useful for the further research as a reference for those who want to study postcolonial studies. The issues of this study is related with racism and discrimination in now days that is still happened. For examples the Asian hates that still occur in the western country. A recent case of Asian hates in America last year is in 2021. News on the BBC Indonesia website informs that Asian hates are rife in America because of rhetoric blaming Asians as carriers of the covid-19 virus. The news article also provided evidence from the stop advocacy group AAPI Hate which said it received more than 2,800 reports aimed at Asian-Americans nationwide last year. The group set up an online self-reporting tool at the start of the pandemic. Local law enforcement is also paying attention to similar incidents: A New York City hate crime task force investigated 27 incidents in 2020, a figure that increased nine fold from the previous year. In Oakland, California, police have added patrols and set up command posts in Chinatown. BBC News (2021). As we know that most of American people are consist of the different races. Such as White, Black or African-American, American and Alaska Native, Asian-American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders. There is always an incident of racism and discrimination involving non-white people. Although those whose race is not Native to The United States, immigrants or minorities, they should also have rights and gain recognition that they are also civil society in that country. According to Bhaba The Putri Wahyuni, Pramudana Ihsan, Sri Lestari Unhomeliness and Hybridity in Jung’s Shine: Postcolonial Study 634 minoritarian will to live, to make, to introduce the act of poesies into the imagined life of the migrant or minority as part of civic and civil society emerges from a spirit of resistance and forbearance (Bhabha, 2004). Immigrants want to be considered so they want to bring out their sense of spirit to be recognized by the community around them. Horn in Bhabha stated Many member states proposed an amendment stating that immigrants, for example, should not be classified as minorities. It was held that "the very existence of unassimilated minorities would be a threat to national unity; thereby, the provisions relating to minority rights should not be applied in such a way as to encourage the emergence of new minority communities, or to thwart the process of assimilation and thus threaten the unity of the State (Bhabha, 2004). In the amendments it has been stated that immigrants cannot say as a minority, they need to assimilate so that the unity of the country cannot falter. If they are allowed to be unassimilated, the result will make the destruction of a country. Arendt said Minorities are part of the ongoing process of "human artifice," where we are not born equal, but become equitable as people on the strength of our judgment to ensure ourselves mutually equal rights (Arendt, 1973). Humans in this world are indeed born with different racial circumstances, with these differences humans in this world become unique. But with the racial differences we have we remain the same, based on the dignity that we have and we deserve the same rights as well. The writer also found the phenomenon of immigrant who live in Korea now. He is one of the K-pop idol members of boy group Seventeen, Vernon Chwe. He is an halfer a Korean-American. It proven in the video uploaded on YouTube when he was a child, he said that when he was in Korea, he traveled in public then people keep eyes on him because people in Korea concern his appearance more like western people. Vernon feel that Korean people consider that he is an outsider. He really hates about that, because he feels that he also does not have acceptances that he also Korean. Vernon also told that he has a halfer friends that is Korean-Irian and Korean- Pakistan. he told that his friends also get bad treatment because of their dark skin. Jaliyah A. (2016). It can be seen that Korean people also racist toward people that different of them. From this phenomenon can be assumed because of the attitude of supremacy. It contests genealogies of ‘origin’ that lead to claims for cultural supremacy and historical priority. Minority discourse acknowledges the status of national culture – and the people – as a contentious, performative space of the perplexity of the living in the midst of the pedagogical representations of the fullness of life (Bhabha, 2004). This happens because of the authenticity or origin of where a person can be different from most of the majority in the group. This gives rise to the supremacy and impact of a history. The emergence of this makes the majority of the community can give different treatment to immigrants. The cause of korean people can give racism attitudes towards them, it happens because of the supremacy that they do. These phenomena also related with the main character experienced in Shine novel story. Rachel is fully Korean blooded but she is does not get acceptance in Korea. This present study is an analysis of the study of postcolonialism. Postcolonialism is studies examine the bond between the colonizer and the colonized since the beginning of exploration and domination (Bertens, 2014). To analyze the issue identity, depict in the main character, the writer used unhomeliness and hybridity IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 1, June 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 635 theory concept by Homi K. Bhaba. The scope of this research is focused on the main character of the shine novel, Rachel. Based on the illustration above this study aims are: (a) to describe the Unhomeliness and Hybridity which is experienced by the main character in Shine Novel. (b) to describe the relation of Unhomeliness and Hybridity through Rachel's identity In a previous study, the writers found research that discussed the phenomenon of Unhomeliness dan Hybridity. Firstly, found in the writings of Amjad and Albusalih entitled "Hybridity and Unhomeliness in Fadia Faqir's Willow Trees Don't Weep: Analytical Study in Postcolonial Discourse." published in 2020. In their works is about cultural Hybridity and unhomely feeling. They discussed Jordanian Society culture which is traditionally considered a House without a man is a house without honor and can make affect the unhomely feeling toward the main character in the story (Amjad & Albusalih, 2020). Secondly, this is in Farahbakhsh and Ranjbar works with the title "Bhaba's Notion of Unhomeliness in J.M. Coetzee's Foe: A Postcolonial Reading published in 2016. Their works tell about the action, behaviors, and interaction of the main character based on Bhaba's concepts of hybridity, unhomeliness, and ambivalence. It told about Susan and Friday is migrating from a city to an island (Farahbakhsh, 2016). Third, is from Parvaneh the title of his work is "the notion of Unhomeliness in the pickup: Homi Bhaba Revisited in 2016. His works are explained about the pickup story in the two protagonist characters are feel unhomely. It is explained the characters are wandering and homeless because their looking for a true identity to pick up. In his works, the story was also based on the alienation concept (Parvaneh, 2015). In this study, the writer found for the previous study was dissimilar from the present study. The first reason in the data found by the writer states about cultural Hybridity and unhomely feeling that happened in Jordanian Society culture. The second data that the writer found is about hybridity, unhomeliness, and ambivalence that depicts the main character. The third data is about the two characters are feel unhomely and also based on the alienation concept. Thus, the present study has differences from the previous study. The present study will examine the identity issues experienced by the main character in Shine Novel. The writer will examine the unhomeliness and hybridity that depict in the main character in Shine Novel. Postcolonial Theory Postcolonial is the one of literary theories in English Literature. A postcolonial study is an approach to the study of culture and society that focuses on European imperialism's methods, products, and effects (Ryan et al., 2018). Postcolonial theory relates to colonization carried out by Europeans. All things such as style, commodities, and consequences obtained can change the cultural and community order that occurs in the colonies because of the former results of colonization carried out by Europe. Postcolonial studies also discuss the scope in politics, because it relates to efforts to be free from crimes committed by the colonizer. Postcolonial consists of the word post- and colonial, which means post is past and colonial is colonist. In other words, the old events that result from an occupation. Postcolonial studies can be interpreted into theories that explain the culture of a particular community or group that gets an impact from colonization. According by Ashcroft (Ashcroft et al., 2013), The impacts of colonization on cultures and communities are Putri Wahyuni, Pramudana Ihsan, Sri Lestari Unhomeliness and Hybridity in Jung’s Shine: Postcolonial Study 636 addressed by postcolonialism (or often post-colonialism). Ashcroft said in Fitriana, postcolonial is the result of the consequences or risks of colonialism associated with a larger group of people and a smaller group of people in colonialism. so that postcolonialism theory explains about a larger group of people having control over a smaller group of people (Fitriana, 2015). Large ethnic groups can have the greatest power to handle a small ethnic group that is somewhere they live. Therefore, a group with a large population has a greater influence on the place they live, rather than a group that does not have a great influence. This article discusses how the main character of Shine novel someone who has a Korean face but is an American citizen experiences racism and discrimination in the community. Therefore, the problem in the story of the novel shine contains the phenomenon of postcolonialism theory. Thus from explanation, the definition above is Postcolonialism is the study about cultural studies that discuss the impacts associated with colonization. This present study is focused on using Bhabha's theory. As we know that Homi K. Bhabha is a leading figure in postcolonial theory. The Location of Culture is arguably Bhabha's most important book and it is a collection of his writings published in 1994. Bhabha's work has given postcolonial theory numerous useful conceptual leads and catchphrases such as nation and narration, anticolonial agency, unhomeliness, third space or the place of hybridity, ambivalence and uncanny doubles, mimicry, pedagogic and performative nationality. This present study also used another reference which is based on Bhabha's theory. One of which the writer used Hudrat works entitled "Homi. K. Bhabha. In his works, is describes Bhabha's theory in the location of culture. The location theory that Bhaba writes about is difficult to understand. Therefore, the writer uses other references to connect theory with the data. In order to make it easier for the writer to write this study. So that one of Bhabha's concept theories used to analyze the identity issues contained in the main character of Shine's novel is Unhomeliness and Hybridity. Unhomeliness Unhomeliness is the concept of Bhaba theory which is in the study of postcolonialism. According to Bhaba To be unhomed is not to be homeless, nor can the 'unhomely' be easily accommodated in that familiar division of social life into private and public spheres (Bhabha, 2004). Unhomeliness or unhomely is the feeling of people who do not feel the ease for the freedom to be friendly in their social lives. They find it difficult to interact with those around them. Because the people around him do not interact well and warmly with him. Unhomeliness is a person who does not have an inconsistent cultural identity and exists in the majority, will be considered by the majority of cultures attached to themselves to be inferior or fringe culture. Having a sense of unhomely makes it difficult for someone to share their individual life with the people around them. The unhomely world, 'the halfway between . . . not defined world of the colored as the 'distorted place and time in which they – all of them (Bhabha, 2004). The person who feels unhomeliness will be IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 1, June 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 637 trapped in the lives of the two cultures he or she adheres to. They are confused as to how they should behave or act in such a distorted place. The described of Unhomely world is like the someone feeling in between two of identity culture. In addition, Bhaba, argue that unhomeliness is a sense of half of another part and also become a part of the other. 'halfway between . . . is not defined – and it was this lack of definition in itself that was never to be questioned, but observed like a taboo, something which no one, while following, could ever admit to (Bhabha, 2004). This Bhabha opinion is related to the phenomenon experienced by the main character in the novel shine studied. She questioned her confusion over her identity or existence in social life. Hybridity Hybridity is also the concept of Bhaba theory in postcolonialism. Homi K. Bhabha, who conceives hybridity as a "third space" in which cultural identity is negotiated in a way that subverts the power relations between colonizer and colonized (Ryan et al., 2018). The trigger of hybridization is when the colonizer represents the ugliness of the identity of a colonized ethnicity. From this hybridization is a way to negotiate in relation between the person who controls and the person who is controlled. Additionally, when one's identity and culture is experienced as a hybrid of two or more cultures, it is regarded to as 'hybridity,' which seems to be a positive alternative to unhomeliness (Padgate, 2021). Hybrids is the cause of the phenomenon of a person feeling unhomeliness, because it is a good way to mix two inherent identities in themselves. Bhaba argues that Hybridization is the third space that results from a negotiation made between the relationship between the colonial power and the colonized. More, Bhabha defines hybridity as 'a problematic of colonial representation … that reverses the effects of the colonialist disavowal, so that other "denied" knowledge enter upon the dominant discourse and estrange the basis of its authority (Brantlinger & Young, 1996). Hybridity is a matter of denial of invaders that gives poor representations of identity to colonized identities. Colonized people try to fabricate their identities to be the same as they are but still different. That statement stated hybridity is the problem of the colonizers so that the colonized rejects something that is represented to them. Hybridity thus makes difference into sameness, and sameness into difference, but in a way that makes the same no longer the same, the difference no longer simply different (Brantlinger & Young, 1996). From that statement hybridity is also made the identity is kept different but not the same, the same but also different. The main character in shine novels also made a hybridity way to answer or resuscitate about her identity in the story. The Relation of Unhomeliness and Hybridity There is a relation between unhomeliness and hybridity. Hybridity is also one aspect of unhomeliness. It is because according to Krishna, Bhaba writes Hybridity is a third space that is neither one nor the other. After all, the translation or encounter between different cultural forms occurs in a context where both these spaces are already preoccupied (Krishna, 2009). Hybridity is a sphere of being Putri Wahyuni, Pramudana Ihsan, Sri Lestari Unhomeliness and Hybridity in Jung’s Shine: Postcolonial Study 638 another but not of a thing else. So that this form of cultural differences mixes in a person's identity and finally both cultures play in a role. In other words, They, therefore, have a hybrid identity, something marked by an uncanny ability to be at home anywhere, an ability that always might become the burden of having no home whatsoever (Huddrat, 2006). Playing a role with hybridization identity becomes a wonderful thing when they are in two cultures attached to them. But with them playing such a role it can always feel like they don't have a sense of home (unhomely). As a result, we can define that Bhabha uses 'uncanny spaces' as a point of moment whereas a point between two oppositions, it is also a phenomenon of unhomeliness. 'Uncanny' has everyday uses, but is an enigmatic word. Das Unheimliche, the term that Freud discusses, can be translated as 'the unhomely', or the awkward but suggestive 'unhousedness' (Huddrat, 2006). Bhabha uses the term uncanny from Freud and developed it and then interpreted or translate the term into unhomely. As proven, The uncanny, Bhabha suggests, is also the unhomely (Huddrat, 2006). Therefore, from the term bhabha suggests that uncanny is also unhomely. In addition (Bhabha, 2004) states unhomeliness is the unhomely world, 'the halfway between . . . not defined' world of the colored as the 'distorted place and time in which they – all of them. From that definition, Bhabha refers to hybridity also as unhomely identity (feeling in between two cultures). Thus, the effects of unhomeliness can create a phenomenon for colonists to perform hybridity, which is the unhomeliness is made confused about the colonies presence. Hybridity is also the facet of unhomeliness. It is because according to Krishna, Bhaba writes Hybridity is a third space that is neither one nor the other. After all, the translation or encounter between different cultural forms occurs in a context where both these spaces are already preoccupied (Krishna, 2009). Method The methodology used in this study is descriptive qualitative research. This research is intended to explore or clarify an existing symptom, phenomenon, or social reality (Samsu, 2017). As stated by Punaji Setyosari in Mulyana explained that descriptive research is research that aims to explain or describe a situation, event, object, whether person or everything related to variables that can be explained either by numbers or words (Samsu, 2017). According to the above definition, this research design was appropriate for this study because the writer analyzed the identity issue, which was Unhomeliness and Hybridity contained in Shine novel. This research also used the postcolonialism approach to analyze the novel. 1. The Sample Population or Object of The Research The data in this study are dialogue and narration in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs from Jessica Jung's Shine Novel. The primary data source is Jessica Jung's Shine novel, which was published by Simon and Schuster in 2020. Secondary data sources include books, journals, articles, undergraduate theses, and other internet sources. 2. Data collection Technique and Instrument Development IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 1, June 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 639 The writer did some steps in collecting the data. The first step was for the researcher to read and understand the Shine novel to grasp the overall meaning of the story. The second was the writer searches for finds prominent phenomena or problems in the novel. The third is to read some related references from books, journals, articles, and essays, or other internet resources. The fourth was to take some important notes of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs that contain information relating to the issue in this research, those were Unhomeliness and Hybridity. 3. Data Analysis Technique Following data collection, the researchers conducted some data analysis. First, the data from the Shine novel was selected and classified based on the issue of identity, which is Unhomeliness and Hybridity. Second, the data was organized and presented based on Unhomeliness and Hybridity to make it easier for researchers to analyze the data. Then the writer describes the relation between Unhomeliness and Hybridity. Third, based on the findings of the analysis, the writer concluded. Results & Discussion To describe Homi Bhabha Hybridity and Unhomeliness in the Shine Novel by Jessica Jung. The writer uses Homi Bhabha Theory and some references which discuss the theory of Homi Bhabha. From that theory can be applied to connect the data with those theories. 1. Depiction of The Unhomeliness and Hybridity in Rachel. 1.1 The Unhomeliness Depiction in Rachel’s Identity The first unhomeliness experience that Rachel got is when the main character lived in America. During her life in America, Rachel had the experience that she felt rejected by the world. It can be seen from the quotation below: I wish I could say that time with Mrs. Li and the school nurse was the only time I ever felt rejected by the world, but it wasn’t. There were the kids who made fun of the kimchi Umma packed me for lunch; the woman who once came up to me in our corner bodega, screaming at me that I should “go home” (even though I lived around the block, I got the feeling that wasn’t what she meant); there was the time I dressed like Hermione Granger for Halloween and everyone insisted that I was Cho Chang. (Jung, 2020: P. 45) Rachel's physical appearance is considered Chinese by others. The storyline above is evidence of a racist act. Fanon stated in Nensilianti that one of the signs of colonialism is the problem of racism (Nensilianti et al., 2021). Rachel feels rejected by the world. This made her unsustainable and did not feel at home either. According to Ben Jelloun racism is a distinction action, this act intends to discriminate members from other members because of the difference in race (Pradivta & Lasman, 2021). Also, she gets racist treatment in the form of jokes. Some of its practices recognize the difference of race, culture, and history as elaborated by stereotypical knowledge, racial theories, administrative colonial experience, and on that basis Putri Wahyuni, Pramudana Ihsan, Sri Lestari Unhomeliness and Hybridity in Jung’s Shine: Postcolonial Study 640 institutionalize a range of political and cultural ideologies that are prejudicial, discriminatory, vestigial, archaic, 'mythical', and, crucially, are recognized as being so (Huddrat, 2006). From The stereotypical knowledge to recognize colonists by the colonizer, Rachel gets racial and discrimination treatment. The reason is that she is not the part of white people around her living in the States. When Rachel is accepted into DB, mocking and rejection of her also occurs in Korea. This feeling is depicted in this scene: When I first got recruited to DB, I was so excited—a whole program full of kids who felt the same way about K-pop and Korea as I did—or so I thought. It wasn’t long before the constant “Princess Rachel” insults and subtle comments about my American background made me feel just as rejected as I used to feel back home in the States. Their words were like this constant buzzing in my brain. (Jung, 2020: P. 86) Rachel gets the sobriquet from her trainee friends since the first day being a trainee, namely "Princess Rachel". Although the main character is Korean blood supposedly migrates from America to Korea make her life situation is better. Nevertheless, the experience or phenomenon that occurred in the main character is otherwise. The data above is related to the unhomeliness and the mental refugee that Rachel felt. As Bhabha said in Tyson To be unhomed is to sense no longer at home even in your private home due to the truth you are not at home in yourself: your cultural identity disaster has made you a mental refugee (Tyson, 2006). Since her movement in Korea and emerge the feeling of unhomeliness, disturbed her mentally. The mental refugee that Rachel felt is made her snagged and stressed to live in Korea. She has felt the pressure of her life because of the sobriquet that she gets. It feels the same as Rachel was rejected in America. Because of that makes she gets pressured and down. Rachel shared her deepest feelings to Jason that she was not even a halfer. Her presence in America does not get accepted because of his Korean descent. Along, when she is in Korea does not get acceptance because she is a Korean who is born in America. “I’m not half-white, but I feel the same way being Korean American. Sometimes it’s like Korea doesn’t fully accept me as Korean because I’m from America, but on the flip side, America doesn’t fully accept me as American because of my Korean heritage. It’s weird. It’s like I exist in the in-between.” (Jung, 2020: P .195- 196) This makes Rachel feel confused about her life depicted between the two cultures. The phenomenon of her life makes her feel like she is locked in with the adjustments she has to make in the two cultures that she experienced. As Bhabha writes in (Brantlinger & Young, 1996) there's no one, or right, concept of hybridity: it adjustments because it repeats, however it additionally repeats as it adjustments. It indicates that we are still locked into elements of the ideological community of a IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 1, June 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 641 tradition that we assume and presume that we have passed. As we know Korean- Americans are attached to herself, Rachel's adjustment experienced to the two cultures, she would use the mixing of cultures in her life. According to Bhaba in Hudrat (Huddrat, 2006) As a result, it has hybrid identification, something characterized by an uncanny ability to be at home. everywhere, a capacity that might normally be a burden does not get either way. The effect of hybrid identification makes people is felt unhomeliness. 1.2 The Hybridity That Used in Rachel’s Identity There is part of the story of the impact of Rachel's rejection experience. She is finally very proud to be Korean, it was because she saw the K-pop music video. Because of that, she was finally proud to be herself as a Korean native. The prove illustrated here: So she scooped me up and carried me home, and when we got there, she tucked me into bed and grabbed her laptop. That was the first time I saw a K-pop music video. We watched them for hours, and I marveled at the singers—all so unique and beautiful and talented. I was hooked. I watched K-pop music videos constantly, memorizing the lyrics to my favorite ones and putting on little shows for Leah on the weekends. The music made me feel proud to be Korean. (Jung, 2020: P .45) Rachel entertained herself by seeing the first K-pop music video. Hearing Korean music makes her very proud to be Korean. Getting discrimination treatment, she entertains herself with K-pop. She feels that she has a place she belongs to, and people need to know how to see her. There is the data that strengthens, that music or K-pop for Rachel is the part of her. It is connected with the quotation below: Since I was a kid, music has been my happy place. K-pop has always been there for me, showing me my place in the world, giving me a reason to be proud of who I was even when the world told me I shouldn’t be. Through everything, it has always felt right. Felt like a part of me. (Jung, 2020: P .69) Rachel labels herself that K-pop is her identity as Korean. It is stated by Homi Bhabha that The revaluation of the assumption of colonial identity through the repetition of discriminatory identity effects is referred to as hybridity (Bhabha, 2004). The effect of discrimination or racism Rachel got, makes her realize and recognized her identity. Rachel consider that K-pop is a part of her. Yujin is a coach trainee, who helps her turn Rachel's little dreams into reality. He points out that a lot of people out there feel the same way about K-pop music. Yujin informs that as a Korean-American Rachel can be considered special in the industry. The story is illustrated in this section: Yujin’s been by my side ever since. As a kid, I’d loved K-pop. But she helped me turn my small, seemingly unrealistic dream into a reality. She showed me that Putri Wahyuni, Pramudana Ihsan, Sri Lestari Unhomeliness and Hybridity in Jung’s Shine: Postcolonial Study 642 there was an entire world of people who felt the same way about this music that I did—and that’s why being a K-pop singer is so special. It’s about storytelling, connecting with audiences all around the world. She told me how being Korean American would make me special in this industry. She made me fall in love with K-pop in a whole new way. I can’t let her down. Not again. (Jung, 2020: P .92) It makes Rachel fall in love with k-pop for the first time is also inspired and more eager to pursue her dreams. From this part, Rachel can get a privilege from the identity of the crisis that she experienced that being a Korean-American idol is something special. In this case, Rachel wanted to take this opportunity to show her special identity, by hybridizing her identity as her nationality. It will also form an identity that it will accept in the eyes of the public. Hybridizing her identity can make a difference but equally, so the similarities are also different. As (Brantlinger & Young, 1996) state Hybridity makes differences into similarities but with differences, they do not make them is same anymore, different is no longer different. There was a promotional event for the song "Summer Heat" performed by the trio of Jason, Rachel, Mina in Toronto. Rachel gets compliments that her English is very good. Just yesterday during a radio show, a fan had called in to talk to us. “Rachel, your English is so good,” they had said. “You must be really proud of that!” “Well… I’m from America,” I had answered with a polite laugh in my voice, but inside I was boiling. If I had a dollar for every time I’ve heard “your English is so good!” on this tour, I’d probably have enough money to buy my own private plane. (Jung, 2020: P .248) Yet, in the context of this story, Rachel got racist treatment. The fan said to her that her English is good. Therefore, Rachel thought that the people who can speak English well are only western people. In this scene can be concluded Rachel uses hybridization with a form of language. Similar as Hybrids are not only double-voiced and double-accented, but also bilingual; because not even many people are aware of doing it (Jacobson et al., 1997). Rachel was lived in America since childhood. For that reason, she is unconsciously using English. The crowd is full of people filming our performance with their phones, but for the first time, I feel myself relaxing in front of all the cameras. A rush of warmth fills my body as I remember why I love K-pop so much. How special it is to be able to share my language and my culture with people all over the world and have them truly see it. Understand it. Love it. I feel my smile stretch on my face and my heart feels light and free for the first time since this tour started. I remember why I’m here. Why I love this. (Jung, 2020, P .269) In that scene Rachel success to take her chance by showing the existence of a culture attached to her in her yard at once to the world. According to (Jacobson et al., 1997). This is a great opportunity for marginalized voices to assert themselves and become active members of the larger community and that hybridity offers an opportunity IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 1, June 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 643 for the colonized to disseminate their culture. Rachel can prove to the world that this is herself by doing the hybrid process that she does. 2. Relation of Unhomeliness and Hybridity The cause of unhomeliness make role as the first cultural identity that attached to them and also become another half identity. The identities are the same but not quite same. Thus, the effects of unhomeliness can create a phenomenon for colonists to perform hybridity, which is the unhomeliness is made confused about the colonies presence. It is depicted in the main character of Shine's novel. The discussion in this section is about the relation of Hybridity and Unhomeliness. 2.1 From the life experience depicted by Rachel on unhomeliness, it can be seen that Rachel when she was in New York received discrimination and racism, as depicted in these two scenes: a) In the first scene, is about the first time Rachel get racism and makes she do not have acceptance in New York because her physical appearance, and white people around her stated Rachel is look alike her friend who is the Chinese girl. Actually they are different, Rachel feels get rejected by that incident. It can be seen in this scene: It all started when i was six years old. There was one other asian Girl in my class, Euginia Lia. Event though she was Chinese, everyone was always asking us if we were cousins or twin sisters. I didn’t think much of it until one day when i got stung by a bee during recess. I was sitting in the nurse’s office waiting for Umma to come and take me home, when mrs. Li through the door. The nurse didn’t realize she had done anything wrong and instead was all smiles as she told me that my mom was there to get me. For the first time, i realized the world didn’t see me the way i saw me, or the way family saw me. All the way saw my face; the shape of my eyes and my nose; my thick, straight black hair-and it made me interchangeable with girls like euginia, even though we looked nothing alike. When my mom finally picked me up at school, i couldn’t stop crying, the bee sting was still burning on my skin, but when umma asked me what was wrong, all i could think about was Mrs. Li. “i wish I wasn’t Korean”.(Jung, 2020,P. 44-45) The second scene is connected with the rejection by Rachel felt in New York. It can be seen in this scene: I wish I could say that time with Mrs. Li and the school nurse was the only time I ever felt rejected by the world, but it wasn’t. There were the kids who made fun of the kimchi Umma packed me for lunch; the woman who once came up to me in our corner bodega, screaming at me that I should “go home” (even though I lived around the block, I got the feeling that wasn’t what she meant); there was the time I dressed like Hermione Granger for Halloween and everyone insisted that I was Cho Chang. (Jung, 2020, P. 45) Putri Wahyuni, Pramudana Ihsan, Sri Lestari Unhomeliness and Hybridity in Jung’s Shine: Postcolonial Study 644 b.) In Korea Rachel also do not have acceptance same as when she lived in New York. It is because her American Background and she get sobriquet from her trainee friend in Korea. It is depicted in this scene: When I first got recruited to DB, I was so excited—a whole program full of kids who felt the same way about K-pop and Korea as I did—or so I thought. It wasn’t long before the constant “Princess Rachel” insults and subtle comments about my American background made me feel just as rejected as I used to feel back home in the States. Their words were like this constant buzzing in my brain. (Jung, 2020, P. 86) 2.2 When Rachel experienced the phenomenon of Unhomeliness in her life, she also experienced a phenomenon of hybridity that she experienced in her life. The hybridity he uses is depicted in the following scene: a) The hybridity that Rachel uses is K-pop. Rachel loves music and from the discrimination and racism events that she got on her life, K-Pop made her proud to be Korean. It is illustrated in this scene: So she scooped me up and carried me home, and when we got there, she tucked me into bed and grabbed her laptop. That was the first time I saw a K-pop music video. We watched them for hours, and I marveled at the singers—all so unique and beautiful and talented. I was hooked. I watched K-pop music videos constantly, memorizing the lyrics to my favorite ones and putting on little shows for Leah on the weekends. The music made me feel proud to be Korean. (Jung, 2020, P .45) K-pop make Rachel can understand and show where she needs to be. Scene above connected with this scene: Through it all, there was K-pop. It made me feel understood, like there was a place in the world where I belonged, where people would see me for me. (Jung, 2020, P .45) The evidence of the story above is strengthened by scene from the data below. Starting from Rachel when starting her trainee in Korea became a K-pop star. His coach told him that being Korean-American K-pop star is make her really special. It can read in this scene: Yujin’s been by my side ever since. As a kid, I’d loved K-pop. But she helped me turn my small, seemingly unrealistic dream into a reality. She showed me that there was an entire world of people who felt the same way about this music that I did—and that’s why being a K-pop singer is so special. It’s about storytelling, connecting with audiences all around the world. She told me how being Korean American would make me special in this industry. She made me fall in love with K-pop in a whole new way. I can’t let her down. Not again. (Jung, 2020, P .92) IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 1, June 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 645 b) Rachel also does hybridity on language. As we know white people using English as their main language. Since Rachel was lived in New York, so she can use English fluently. Although she was thought by people that she is orient people. Rachel get compliment from her fan. In the scene below Rachel feels humiliated, if she cannot speak English well. Therefore, Rachel using English for Hybridity because she can speak English well. It can read in this scene: Just yesterday during a radio show, a fan had called in to talk to us. “Rachel, your English is so good,” they had said. “You must be really proud of that!” “Well… I’m from America,” I had answered with a polite laugh in my voice, but inside I was boiling. If I had a dollar for every time I’ve heard “your English is so good!” on this tour, I’d probably have enough money to buy my own private plane. (Jung, 2020, P .248) To conclude the Unhomeliness and Hybridity in Rachel's life. Rachel experienced unhomeliness when she was in America, from which she got an inspiration that becomes a K-Pop star. She was proud of it, which is can allow her to be seen about her identity. Although she in Korea also did not get better treatment. She still struggled and managed to debut as a K-Pop Star. Being a K-Pop star is also her dream not only as her identity. As it proved that Hybridity is also the facet of unhomeliness. Bhabha evokes the uncanniness of the migrant experience through a series of familiar ideas. First, this is a half-life, like the partial presence of colonial identity; second, it repeats a life lived in the country of origin, but this repetition is not identical, introducing difference and transformation; further, this difference-in- repetition is a way of reviving that past life, of keeping it alive in the present. Through those theories, the phenomena experienced by Rachel is making her unhomeliness, also make find her true identity in public. Therefore, Rachel makes a difference in the way to lives the past life by keeping it alive in the present. With the result that Rachel used hybridity identity for her to be able to maintain these two identities in her past and present life, Korean-America. Thus, the effects of unhomeliness can create a phenomenon for colonists to perform hybridity, which is the unhomeliness is made confused about the colonies presence. Conclusion In the final analysis, the experienced life of the main character in Shine's novel was Unhomeliness and Hybridity based on Bhaba's concept theory. The first perceived experience phenomenon by the main character is unhomeliness and the second is hybridity. The aspect of unhomeliness that depicts in Rachel was caused by the discrimination and rejection that she has in America and Korea. In America, she got discrimination against by her appearance and mockery jokes toward her. Meanwhile, in Korea, she got a rejection because of her American background. The aspect hybridity that depicts in her was because of the effect of discrimination. She is recognized with her identity. Being a K-pop star is make her proud as a Korean. As well as being a K-pop star who has Korean America would make her special in the Putri Wahyuni, Pramudana Ihsan, Sri Lestari Unhomeliness and Hybridity in Jung’s Shine: Postcolonial Study 646 entertainment industry. The fact that she was caught in between in two cultures. For that reason, she hybridized her identity. Thus Rachel's identity is not fixed but hybridized. In this study the writer limited research only to study about unhomeliness and hybridity that depict in Rachel’s identity. For futher study can conduct about the gender that represented in the novel. References A, Jaliyah. (2016, Agustus 6) “Fetus Vernon Chwe” A, Jaliyah. https://youtu.be/z9F5VhPdhJw. Amjad, F. A., & Albusalih, S. (2020). HYBRIDITY AND UNHOMELINESS IN FADIA FAQIR ’ S WILLOW TREES DON ’ T WEEP : ANALYTICAL STUDY IN POSTCOLONIAL DISCOURSE. 17(6), 1221–1233. Arendt, H. (1973). The Origins of Totalitarianism. Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G., & Tiffin, H. (2013). Post-Colonial Studies_ The Key Concepts-Routledge. In Routledge. Bertens, H. (2014). Literary Theory. In Routledge: Vol. third edit (Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1093/ywes/67.1.17 Bhabha, K. (2004). The Location of Culture. Notes, 440. Brantlinger, P., & Young, R. J. C. (1996). Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture and Race. In The American Historical Review (Vol. 101, Issue 5). https://doi.org/10.2307/2170185 Cabral,S. (2021, Maret 4). Kejahatan Kebencian Terhadap Orang Asia-Amerika di AS Meningkat: Dari Penghinaan Hingga Pembunuhan. BBC Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-56249817 Fajar, M. (2013). SECULARISM IN PAMUK ’ S SNOW ; A POSTCOLONIALISM STUDY. OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 1, 1–10. Farahbakhsh, A. (2016). Bhabha’s Notion of Unhomeliness in J. M. Coetzee’s Foe: A Postcolonial Reading. International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, 3(6), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0306010 Fitriana, D. M. (2015). THE POSITIONING MATTERS OF THE DOLL’S HOUSE IN POSTCOLONIALISM. English Teaching Journal, 3 No. 2, 30–37. Huddrat, D. (2006). Homi K. Bhabha. Jacobson, J., Hall, S., & Gay, P. Du. (1997). Questions of Cultural Identity. The British Journal of Sociology, 48(1), 153. https://doi.org/10.2307/591920 https://youtu.be/z9F5VhPdhJw IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 1, June 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 647 Jung, J. (2020). Shine. Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=gvRgygEACAAJ Klages, M. (2011). Literary Theory: a Guide. In T&T Clark: Continuum. Krishna, S. (2009). Globalization and postcolonialism: Hegemony and resistance in the twenty-first century. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=ledh7FGU-PcC Nensilianti, N., Al-Khiyyed, S. F., & Fahrir, H. T. A. (2021). Colonial Racial Ethnocentrism Towards Indigenous People in a Short Story Collection “Semua untuk Hindia” by Iksaka Banu (A Postcolonial Study). OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 15(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v15i1.3982 Padgate, U. (2021). Unhomed at home: A postcolonial reading of Sherman Alexie’s “The Search Engine.” 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature, 27(3), 145–158. https://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2021-2703-09 Parvaneh, F. (2015). The Notion of Unhomeliness in the Pickup: Homi Bhabha Revisited. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.7n.1p.157 Pradivta, A. N., & Lasman, D. K. (2021). Ben Jelloun’s Point of View on Racism in the Essay Le Racisme Expliquee A Ma Fille. OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 15(1), 162–180. https://doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v15i1.4512 Ryan, M., Castle, G., Eagleston, R., & Broker, M. (2018). The Encyclopedia of Literary and Cultural Theory (Wiley-Blackwell Encycloped. Samsu. (2017). Metode Penelitian: Teori dan Aplikasi Penelitian, Kualitatif, Kuantiatif, Mixed Methods, serta Research and Development. In Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Tyson, L. (2006). Critical Theory Today_ A User-Friendly Guide.