956 Copyright © 2023 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 11, Number 1, June 2023 pp. 956 - 967 Types of Expressive Act Found in “Free Guy” Movie Desinta Sitohang1, Robby Satria2 pb191210078@upbatam.ac.id1 Robby@puterabatam.ac.id2 Universitas Putera Batam1 Universitas Putera Batam2 Received: 2023-01-10 Accepted: 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v11i1.3521 Abstract The goal of this research is to describe different types of expressive speaking acts in “Free Guy” movie. It is a part of the descriptive qualitative methodology. The observational approach and non-participatory technique were used in this study's data collection. As a method and approach for data analysis, the referential identity method and pragmatic competence-in-equalizing technique were used. This study employed the (Searle, 1969) theory of expressive acts. The study's findings indicate that “Free Guy” movie has three different types of expressive speech acts. There were 4 data for compliment, 3 data for thanking, and 4 data for greeting. Keywords: Expressive Act; “Free Guy” Movie; Types of expressive speaking Introduction Humans are social creatures where creatures always interact with others. Humans cannot achieve what they want without the help of other humans. http://u.lipi.go.id/1457703302 mailto:pb191210078@upbatam.ac.id1 mailto:Robby@puterabatam.ac.id2 IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 957 They carry out their role by using symbols. And it is used to communicate their thoughts and feelings. The communication tool used to express intentions and goals is language. By knowing a language, they can understand the meaning of what is conveyed by the speaker. The speaker's utterances are actions or behaviors that may include words that express their emotions. It is known as an expressive speech act in this instance. At this time the researcher found general phenomenon of expressive acts on social media. The expressive act was expressed at the beginning of the video entitled “These Popular Girls Humiliate Nice Girls, What Happens Next Will Shock You!” The video was published on 5th April 2021. In the video Trisha met with her old friend, Celine. They talked to each other and showing the jewelry that Trisha's boyfriend had given her. Celine tried to see the necklace and said that “feel so cheap, is this even real anything?” and said “because my man got me a real Tiffany’s necklace, now this is a pure cushion-cut diamond feel the difference?” the expression above explained that Celine boasted by expressing “because my man got me a real Tiffany’s necklace” Celine bragged that her boyfriend bought her the real necklace while Trisha didn't. Showing a sense of pride or arrogance, which includes the meaning of boasting The researchers used several previous research to support this research. The first from Tanjung (2021) set out to discover the most common type of illocutionary behavior. The movie "The Lovely Bones" provided as the data source for the researcher. Using the theory by Searle & Vanderveken (1985), the study identified the types in the movie. According to the research's conclusions, the movie used nine various kinds of expressive acts. The expressions included blaming, apologizing, doubting, praising, wishing, regretting, and thanking. Because the characters Desinta Sitohang1, Robby Satria2 Types of Expressive Act Found in “Free Guy” Movie 958 constantly complimented other movie elements and characters, praise was a frequent type. The second previous study by Virginia and Mubarak (2021) aimed to identify the different expressive acts and how they were used. These researchers used the Searle and Vanderveken theory (1985). The "I care a lot" movie was the data analysis primary source of data. In the characters' dialogue from the movie, the researchers discovered certain expressive acts data. Data about expressive acts were discovered in the earlier study. There were various ways to apologize, welcome, congratulate, express sympathy, thank you, criticize, compliment, and lament. The differences and similarities between the present and previous research were noticeable. The previous studies made use of different data sources than the present study. The research used as its data source was the "Free Guy" movie. The same subject was examined in both the present and previous research. The topic of the pragmatics discussion was expressive acts. To examine the utterances, the expressive acts theory from Searle & Vanderveken (1985) was used. This study set out to investigate the many types of expressive acts in the “Free Guy” movie. Literature Review Expressive Acts Speech acts is a topic discussed in pragmatics that largely concerns with the action in utterance. Furthermore, according to Searle (1969), speech acts are essential components of conversation. Speech acts are created in everyday lives as communicate with others. (Piscesco & Afriana, 2022) The speaker's psychological status can then be represented by expressive expressions such as congratulating, thanking, relief, expressing contempt, delight, and enthusiasm in expressive IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 959 illocution. A. Complaining A complaint act is when a person expresses her dissatisfaction with the actions of another person. Virginia and Mubarak (2021) A: “Wow. That’s crazy!” B: “Well, ma’am… You have to come with me.” (Virginia & Mubarak, 2021) B. Congratulate When something remarkable or delightful happens to the speaker, congratulating them is an act in which the speaker expresses delight for what the hearer has accomplished and sends them well wishes. (Rahmawati, 2021) A: “Is that real?” *show a ring B: “Yes”. A: “What? Yes, man, congratulations! That is frickin' amazing!” (Rahmawati, 2021) C. Greeting A greeting is an action that is performed to welcome or recognize someone. (Tanjung, 2021) “How was your day?" (Tanjung, 2021) D. Apologizing The speaker expresses sorrow or wrong doing for anything unpleasant by apologizing. (Ngasini, 2021) "I know. I am so sorry." (Ngasini, 2021) E. Thanking Is an acts a form of gratitude (Searle & Vanderveken, 1985) A: I want to thank you for stopping that man. B: Uh, forget it. So, uh, this is your first time in the marketplace, huh? (Sembiring & Ambalegin, 2019) Desinta Sitohang1, Robby Satria2 Types of Expressive Act Found in “Free Guy” Movie 960 A. Praising Praise acts is to express admiration (Searle & Vanderveken, 1985) “you’ve have really dressed up!” (Wati, 2018) B. Compliment An expression showing admiration without necessarily benefiting the person giving it. This expression shows that something is beautiful (Searle & Vanderveken, 1985) “Beautiful house, Mrs. Peterson.” (Wati, 2018) Research Method This research was descriptive qualitative research. The data were in the form, word, phrase, sentence, and paragraphs. According to (Creswell (2018), qualitative research is used to gain a detailed and comprehensive understanding of social phenomena. This research used Sudaryanto (2015) observational method to collect the data. The observational method was carried out by watching “Free Guy” movie. In terms of methodology, this research used Sudaryanto (2015) non- participatory strategy because the researchers were not involved in the data collection. In order to collect data, there were several actions to do, four steps were taken by the researchers. Firstly, the researchers watched “Free Guy” movie. Secondly the movie script is written based on the movie, in part two. Thirdly, while watching the movie, the researchers were reading the script. And also noted expressive acts that were expressed in speech. The indicated data from the collecting data was then evaluated by the researchers. In addition, the technique is pragmatic competence in equations proposed by Sudaryanto (2015). Regarding the steps, there are also three steps. First, identified the context of marked speech. Second, analyzes the types of expressive acts by applying theory from Searle and Vanderveken (1985). The final IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 961 outcome showed the several expressive acts that were accomplished in the “Free Guy" movie. Result and Discussion Result In the “Free Guy” movie, there were several various types of expressive acts. The research's results are compiled in the table below. Table 1. Expressive speech acts types in “” movie No Types of expressive speech acts Frequenc y 1 Compliment 4 2 Thanking 3 3 Greet 4 Total amount 11 According to the data, nine data that showed expressive acts were categorized into three types, as seen in the above table. Firstly, is a collection of three data from the act of compliment, secondly, is three data from the act of thanking, thirdly, lastly data that represents the act of greet. In the movie “Free Guy”, there were three different types of expressive acts. Here are the analysis's findings. Discussion a. Compliment Compliment is almost similar to praise, but compliment is a polite expression Desinta Sitohang1, Robby Satria2 Types of Expressive Act Found in “Free Guy” Movie 962 of admiration, when give a compliment for someone, compliment is given without anything or things being given first. Data 1 Girl (S): You are so hot Button (H): Oh, I know (00.01.15 – 00.01.18) The conversation above is taken when Buttons fly down to the car, which a girl was already waiting for him. The speaker’s utterance “You are so hot” is considered as the compliment type. The speaker just shows her admiration about the hearer’s persona and look without being done anything from the hearer. Data 2 Mouser (S): Nice skin. Guy (H): Thank you. That’s sweet. (00.16.30 – 00.16.32) The conversation above is taken when Keys and Mouser meet Guy in the railroad. The speaker’s utterance “Nice skin” is considered as the compliment type. The speaker just shows his admiration about the speaker’s suit. Data 3 Millie (S): Keys, you’re a goddamn genius. Keys (H): Really? I’m sitting on the toilet right now, stealing user codes, so I don’t exactly feel like one. (00.16.30 – 00.16.32) The conversation above is taken when Keys and Millie cooperate to hack the IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 963 secret room. The speaker’s utterance “Keys, you’re a goddamn genius.” is considered as the compliment type. The speaker just shows his admiration about the hearer’s intelligence in hacking and controlling the speaker even from the toilet. Data 4 Guy (S): That was so much better than ice cream Molotov Girl (H): Oh, really? (00.48.10 – 00.48.12) The conversation above is taken when Guy and Molotov Girl were walking through the park after having an ice cream. They were talking about personality, until Guy states that he wants to kiss the Molotov Girl. The speaker’s utterance “That was so much better than ice cream.” is considered as the compliment type. The speaker just shows his expression after kissing the Molotov Girl and shows how good it was. a. Thanking Thanking is used to express the speaker's gratitude to the recipient. The expression of thanking is also a type of expressive acts by the speaker in a way of thanking, gratitude or pleasure for everything that has been received. Data 1 Guy (S): Thank you for making this with such love. Waiter (H): You’re welcome. (00.03.16 – 00.03.19 The conversation above is taken when Guy comes to the coffeeshop where he always buys a cup of coffee every day. The speaker’s utterance “Thank you for Desinta Sitohang1, Robby Satria2 Types of Expressive Act Found in “Free Guy” Movie 964 making this with such love” is considered as the thanking type. The speaker expresses his pleasure because the hearer makes him a very good coffee every day. Data 2 Mouser (H): Nice skin. Guy (S): Thank you. That’s sweet. (00.16.30 – 00.16.32) The conversation above is taken when Keys and Mouser meet Guy in the railroad. The speaker’s utterance “Thank you” is considered as the thanking type. The speaker expresses his pleasure because the hearer gives a compliment about his suit. Data 3 Buddy (S): Here you go. Guy (H): Thank you. (00.58.40–00.58.42) The conversation above is taken when Guy and Buddy were in Buddy’s house. Buddy serves Guy with a cup of coffee. The hearer’s utterance “Thank you” is considered as the thanking type. The hearer expresses his pleasure because the speaker serves him nicely with a cup of coffee. a. Greet Greet is when meeting or welcoming someone, do or say something courteous or polite. Data 1 Guy (S): Officer Johnny! Officer Johnny (H): Have a good one, Guy. IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 965 (00.03.20 – 00.03.24) The conversation above is taken when Guy comes to the coffeeshop where he always buys a cup of coffee every day. After finishing his coffee, the speaker walks out from the coffeeshop and meet Officer Johnny who is sitting with his friend. The speaker’s utterance “Officer Johnny” is considered as the greet type. The speaker shows a polite act from meets and greet the hearer in the coffeeshop. Data 2 Keys (H): Hey, Mouser Mouser (S): What’s up, Keys (00.14.31 – 00.14.35) The conversation above is taken when Keys and Mouser are in their office. Seems like Keys find something new on the PC. The speaker’s utterance “What’s up, keys” is considered as the greet type. The speaker shows a polite act meets the hearer and greet the hearer in the office. Data 3 Mouser (H): There he is. Blue shirt guy. Guy (S): Blue shirt? Yes. Hello, Officer. Rabbit. (00.16.20 – 00.16.28) The conversation above is taken when Keys and Mouser as the officer are going to the Guy’s universe and while using the police uniform and rabbit custom and they meet Guy in the railroads. The speaker’s utterance “Hello, Officer” is considered as the greet type. The speaker shows a polite act from meets and greet the hearer. Data 4 Guy (S): Oh, hey, uh Buddy (H): Come in. (00.58.27 – 00.58.29) Desinta Sitohang1, Robby Satria2 Types of Expressive Act Found in “Free Guy” Movie 966 The conversation above is taken when Guy realizes that he is not real, he only a game character. Feeling upset, Guy comes to Buddy’s house. The speaker’s utterance “oh, hey, uh” is considered as the greet type. The speaker shows a polite act from meets and greet the hearer. Conclusion Considering on analysis above, it can be seen several points in this research. Expressive acts is one of the categories of illocutionary acts, which displays the speaker's thoughts and feelings in response to a certain idea. This research revealed that all of the three types of expressive act were found in “Free Guy” movie. Expressive acts in “Free Guy” movie was analyzing by using (Searle & Vanderveken, 1985) theory. There were three types of expressive acts found in “Free Guy” movie. They are compliment act, thanking act, and greeting act. Moreover, the act of greeting and thanking act tends to appear more in the movie. Considering that there are many classifications of pragmatics, the researcher suggests to further researchers to conduct research on pragmatics, especially expressive acts contained in different movie. References Creswell, W. J., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative adn Mixed Methods Approaches. In Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (Vol. 53, Issue 9). Ngasini, N., Senowarsito, S., & Nugrahani, D. (2021). An analysis of expressive speech act used in the Ellen Show " interview with Billie Eilish ”. 1(1), 53– 62. Piscesco, P. O., & Afriana, A. (2022). 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