The particular dialect or language that a person chooses to use on any occasion is called a code 1057 Copyright © 2023 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 11, Number 2, December 2023 pp. 1057 - 1063 Direct and Indirect Speech Acts of Apologizing in “Venom Let There Be Carnage” Movie Bagus Wahyu Utomo1, Zia Hisni Mubarak2 pb191210061@upbatam.ac.id, zia.hisni@puterabatam.ac.id Universitas Putera Batam1 Universitas Putera Batam2 Received: 2023-07-10 Accepted: 2023-9-10 DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v11i2.3546 Abstract The objective of this research is to identify direct and indirect apologizing speech acts in the utterances of the characters in the movie "Venom let there be carnage". The data source for this study was taken from a movie entitled "Venom let there be carnage" in which many apologizing speech acts are found in it. The method used is a qualitative method. The theory used to identify apologizing speech acts was put forward by Searle & Vanderveken (1985) while to identify the direct and indirect used by the characters in the film using the theory put forward by Yule (1996). The results of this research found 14 types of apologizing speech acts consisting of 12 direct uses and 2 indirect uses. Keyword: direct and indirect, speech act, movie I. Introduction In society, the use of language for communication is growing rapidly. Through language, people communicate their opinions, feelings and sentiments to others. In daily life, people often make mistakes so they express it with regret. According to Searle & Vanderveken (1985), the point of apologizing is the act of expressing regret for the bad things that have happened. An action is performed when an utterance is made. There are two options for performing speaking actions. Either directly or indirectly is a viable method of execution. http://u.lipi.go.id/1457703302 mailto:zia.hisni@puterabatam.ac.id Bagus Wahyu Utomo1, Zia Hisni Mubarak2 Direct and Indirect Speech Acts of Apologizing in “Venom Let There Be Carnage” Movie 1058 People can express expressions of apologizing through direct or indirect. According to Yule (1996), when the meaning and purpose of someone's speech is the same as their speech, it means that they are performing a direct speech act. Conversely, when people are speaking, the intent and purpose of conveying something indirectly is behind the speech, it means they are carrying out an indirect speech act. It is easier for speakers to understand the importance of direct speech acts because what the speaker says is the same as what the speaker does. Meanwhile, indirect speech acts are used to imply other meanings, to produce utterances whose purpose can be seen in the context and circumstances of the speakers and listeners of the utterances. Expressions of apologizing can occur anywhere in society. One example is through a common communication medium, movies. As revealed by Flick (2014), There are instances of social contact and communication in movies. It represents current societal and individual structures and conditions. Language usage includes social engagement in addition to verbal exchange. The study of pragmatics examines the use of language in various contexts. The following is a phenomenon of the indirect apologizing speech act that researchers found on social media YouTube from the Rudy Mancuso youtube channel. Larry (H) : You get my invite for my party are you coming? Rudy (S) : Yeah i wish i could i can't i have to finish this song The dialogue above occurs at the beginning of the video, when rudy (S) is about to enter his apartment and meets Larry (H). Hearer invited the speaker to come to his birthday party that day, but the speaker couldn't come and express his apologies. The speaker expresses his apology indirectly by saying "Yeah i wish i could", he wished he could come but that utterance means he's apologizing because he couldn't come. The researcher also found the phenomenon of expressive apologizing speech acts directly in the following data source, the "Venom Let There Be Carnage" movie. Women (H) : Hello, gorgeous. Venom (S) : Sorry, no, you’re not my type. The dialogue takes place when venom attends a halloween party in town. Many people praise him. One of them is a woman (H), interested in venom and having a dialogue with venom (S). Hearer greets speaker and says gergeous to get speaker's attention. Then, the speaker answered with the utterance "Sorry, no, you're not my type.". The meaning of the utterance speaker is he apologizes because the hearer is not a speaker type. The expression of apology is an expressive apologizing speech acts directly, because he directly says sorry to express his regrets. Research direct and indirect expressive speech act has been done by several people. Anak Agung Ratu Paratistha & Widiastuti, (2021) from Udayana University analyzed Direct and Indirect Expressive Illocutionary Acts in The “Onward” Movie. The aim of this study is to identifying the direct and indirect expressive types of IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 2, December 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 1059 illocutionary acts and explain and assess the meaning of the listeners' interpretations. This study used theory Searle (1976) to analyze the type of expressive illocutionary acts and Dell Hymes (1972) to analyze about situation contex. The results obtained, there are six types of direct and indirect expressive illocutionary acts found (Thanking, Apologizing, Congratulating, Greeting, Wishing, and Attitude). The listener interprets the meaning of the utterance depending on the context of the situation. Rahayu, Sudipa et. all., (2017) from Udayana University. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of expressive illocutionary acts and the meaning of utterances interpreted in the movie “Big Hero 6”. The theory used to identify the types of expressive illocutionary acts was put forward by Searle (1996) and to analyze the meaning of these utterances using the theory put forward by Hymes (1972). The results of the study show that there are six types of expressive speech (thank, apologize, congratulate, greet, wish, and express dissatisfaction) found both direct and indirect speech acts. By looking at previous research, it can be said that previous and present research have similarities. Researchers use the same type of data source for this study. Another similarity that can be found is that present research also identified direct and indirect expressive speech acts. Even though use the same type of data source that is movie, the tittle of the movie that researchers use is different. Another difference is that present research will focus more on one type of expressive speech act, namely the expressive speech act of apologizing. The present research takes a data source in the form of a movie entitled "Venom Let There Be Carnage". The purpose of present research is to analysis the direct and indirect of apologizing type of expressive speech act in the “Venom Let There Be Carnage” movie. II. Literature Review Expressive speech acts are utterances used by a speaker to describe everything he thinks and feels. Apologizing is one type of expressive speech acts. Apologizing is one of the utterances that the speaker uses when he feels regret. according to Searle & Vanderveken (1985), The act of apologizing conveys remorse, sadness, or regret about a situation. Meanwhile, for the way of delivery there are two ways, using direct or indirect. below will explain direct and indirect according to Yule (1996). A. Direct A direct speech act is whenever there is a direct relationship between structure and function. For example, "let's go! Get on the boat, kid!" (Oktadistio et al., 2018) judging from this example, pragmatically what the speaker uses is an imperative sentence and its function is to order, judging from the sentence, he orders to go to the boat. It is clear and precise that the speaker is giving orders to the listeners. Thus, from there it can be seen that there is a direct relationship between structures, sentences and functions which are called direct Bagus Wahyu Utomo1, Zia Hisni Mubarak2 Direct and Indirect Speech Acts of Apologizing in “Venom Let There Be Carnage” Movie 1060 speech acts. As a result, a speech act that is direct is one that is spoken in accordance with the purpose of the phrase. B. Indirect Using indirect speech acts is another approach to reporting people's words and thoughts. Indirect speech acts can be understood by interlocutors who understand contextual meaning. Example "Will you quit that noise now? Will you?" (Oktadistio et al., 2018). The sentence from this example is an indirect apeech act. The sentence is a sentence asking to stop making noise. The purpose of the sentence is not related to the type of utterance. Not asking the interlocutor to shut up but the sentence is about asking a question, the purpose of the sentence is for the interlocutor to stop making noise. III. Research Method The researchers analyzed the direct and indirect of apologizing types of expressive speech acts in the “Venom Let There Be Carnage” movie. The results of this study in the form of words and sentences, therefore this study will use Merriam (2009) descriptive qualitative research. Then, the observation method in this study used the observation method according to Creswell (2014). And for data retrieval, this study uses the note-taking technique proposed by Merriam (2009), according to which there are 5 steps to collect data. First, watch movie which are the data source over and over again. Second, pay attention to every utterance of the characters in the movie. Third, collect data by watching movie and focusing on the utterances that appear for each character in the movie. Fourth, find data containing expressive apologizing direct and indirect speech acts. And finally, categorizing the data collected into types of expressive apologizing direct and indirect speech acts in the movie "Venom Let There Be Carnage". IV. Findings and Discussion 4.1 Findings The findings from this investigation are presented in this chapter. Below is a table containing data from the results of the investigation of venom let there be carnage movie. The findings below are carried out using the research method in the previous sub-chapter. With the search results in the form of utterances containing direct and indirect of apologizing speech acts. With results in the table below. Table.1 No Apologizing Data 1 Direct 12 2 Indirect 2 Total 14 IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 2, December 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 1061 The table above shows the direct and indirect speech acts found in the venom let there be carnage movie. There were 14 utterances found, consisting of direct apology speech acts appearing 12 times, while indirect apology speech acts only appearing 2 times. The act of direct apology appears more dominant, because the characters in the venom let there be carnage movie use it more often to convey their apologies so that it is easier to understand. Whereas the speech act of apology appears less indirectly because the characters in the venom let there be carnage movie rarely use other expressions to express their apologies. For more detail and deeper understanding of the data that has been found in the table, some of the data will be described with an explanation in the discussion below. 4.2 Discussion After finding all the utterances that contain direct and indirect speech acts in the venom let there be carnage movie, next is a discussion. All of the data that has been found, some of the data will be explained below. A. Direct speech acts of apologizing The following is an explanation of some of the data on direct apologizing speech acts that appear in the Venom Let There Be Carnage movie. Data 1 Eddie Brock (S) : I’m… I-I am truly very sorry for everything that I said. Venom (H) : Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm the dialogue above occurs when the speaker wants to apologize for his mistake to the speaker. The apology was an act of direct apology, as he was directly apologizing by saying "sorry". The expression "sorry" is directly related to what the speaker intends to convey. Data 2 Kasady (S) : I wanted your friendship. Eddie brock (H) : I'm sorry, Cletus kasidy. After a great battle between speakers and hearers, a dialogue like the one above occurs. The speaker asked for a friendship, but the hearer apologized for that. The expression of apology is done directly by saying "sorry". In accordance with the intent of the direct, the hearer's apology is expressed according to what the hearer wants to express. Data 3 Eddie brock (S) : I’m sorry that we can’t do anything about the old “wind in your hair” situation Venom (H) : Osho says, when you love someone, you accept the whole person The incident above occurred when the speaker and hearer were relaxing on the beach. The speaker said something, that he apologized for something he couldn't do to the hearer. He expressed it with the word "i'm sorry" directly with the sentence. It was an expression of direct apology, because he said it directly with the utterance of what he wanted to express. Data 4 Bagus Wahyu Utomo1, Zia Hisni Mubarak2 Direct and Indirect Speech Acts of Apologizing in “Venom Let There Be Carnage” Movie 1062 Eddie Brock (S) : Oh…God, I’m so sorry. Dan (H) : Man, those two need some serious couples counseling. the conversation between speaker and hearer above took place on a street when the two of them met. The speaker hit the hearer once in annoyance and then left, before leaving he apologized first by saying "I'm so sorry". Judging from the case, the speaker apologized directly by expressing it through the words I'm so sorry. according to his understanding, apologizing directly means issuing utterances that are in accordance with the intentions you want to express. B. Indirect speech acts of apologizing There are two data which are considered Indirect speech acts of apologizing appear in the Venom Let There Be Carnage movie. Data 1 Venom(S) : I-I don't know what came over me, here, please, let me fix it Eddie brock(H) : I'm better now In the dialogue above, which occurs between the speaker and the hearer when an accidental event occurs. There are expressions of regret and apologies from the speakers. The apology is expressed in the utterance "here, please, let me fix it" which is also identified as an indirect apology speech act because the utterance has a different purpose but has an apology function. The speaker made a mistake to the listener and he expressed his apology by saying he wanted to fix it. Data 2 Venom(S) : I didn’t mean to. Eddie Brock(H) : You didn’t mean to? The dialogue above occurs after the speaker performs an action that makes the hearer angry. The speaker said he didn't mean that, as evidenced by his words "i didn't mean to". The speaker's utterance is an indirect apology strategy, because he uses utterances with different meanings but his function is to apologize. The meaning of the speech is he apologized for what happened, he didn't mean it that way. V. Conclusion Expressive speech act of apologizing is a speech act that expresses feelings of regret or bad things that have happened to something or someone. In this study, the researcher found a total of 14 data expressive speech acts of apologizing in the movie "venom let the be carnage". From a total of 14 data of expressive speech acts of apology that were found, it consisted of 12 direct expressions and 2 indirect expressions. The next point from the results of this study is the correct interpretation and meaning behind the utterance, the listener must see it from the context and situation to understand what the speaker is expressing. Context and situation really need to be considered considering that a speaker's utterances can IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 2, December 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 1063 have one meaning in different contexts. References Anak Agung Ratu Paratistha, W., & Widiastuti, N. M. A. (2021). Direct and Indirect Expressive Illocutionary Acts in The Movie Onward. E-Journal of Linguistics, 15(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.24843/e- jl.2021.v15.i02.p14 Alfatihah, A., Ismayanti, D., Syam, A., & Santaria, R. (2022). Teaching Speaking Skills through Project-Based Learning for the Eighth Graders of Junior High School. 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