Microsoft Word - 7362.docx 3086 Copyright © 2024 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 13, Number 1, June 2025 pp. 3098 - 3109 Structure Of Independent Clauses in Balantak Language Rifki Julyanto Madjid 1, Idris 2, Gusti Ketut Alit Saputra 3, Syamsuddin 4, 1,2,3,4 Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, FKIP Universitas Tadulako Corresponding E-Mail: madjidrifki8@gmail.com Received: 2025-07-01 Accepted: 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.24256/ideas. v13i1.7362 Abstract The main objective of this study is to explain the independent clause of Balantak language. This research is qualitative research with descriptive method. The data source of this study is based on interviews with the Mamping village community. Data were collected using Sudaryanto's theory (1993), namely the simik and katat techniques. To analyze the data in this study, the researcher used the equivalent and distributional methods. The results of this study found three internal structures of Balantak language, namely intransitive clauses, transitive clauses, and equative clauses. Balantak language clauses consist of three core constituents, namely subject, predicate, and object. Keywords: independent clause structure of Balantak language. IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 1, June 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 3099 Introduction In everyday life, humans and language cannot be separated, because language is very important in human life. Without language as a means of communication, nothing can be realized, therefore, each region has its own language. One of the regional languages in Indonesia is the Balantak language. The name of this language is in accordance with the name of the tribe that lives in the area, namely Balantak which consists of two words, namely bala which means fence and ntak means us. So Balantak means our fence or our fortress. This Balantak language is used as a means of oral communication in everyday life by residents who live in two sub-districts in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The two sub-districts are Balantak District and Lamala District which have a population of around 34,912 people. The Balantak language is still used as the language of instruction in elementary schools in the lower grades. Seeing the relatively large number of Balantak language users, and considering the importance of the position and function of the regional language, the Balantak language needs to be saved, maintained, and developed. Thus, future generations can know and use the language as a language of instruction in everyday life. Based on the description above, research on the Balantak language needs to be conducted. Through research, information data can be obtained about regional languages, especially about the structure of independent clauses in the Balantak language, the results of which are used for the development of the regional language itself and the development of the national language. Thus, in the study the author raised the title of the structure of independent clauses in the Balantak language. Information related to the Balantak language is still very lacking, especially in the field of clauses. So far, the clauses of the Balantak language have never been studied specifically. This can be seen from the documentation of previous research results, both group research and individual research. Therefore, the author is interested in researching the above, namely the structure of the independent clause of the Balantak language, so that through this research the description of the structure of the independent clause of the Balantak language can be obtained clearly. Research related to the Independent Clause Structure has been conducted by (1 Wayan Agus Mulyana: 2012), namely research on the Independent Clause Structure of the Balinese Language. The problem discussed is how the independent clause structure of the Balinese language. In addition, there is also research on the Independent Clause Structure of the Kaili Language in the Doi Gia Dialect by (Zuldin: 2012). What is discussed in the study is how the independent clause structure of the independent language of the Kaili language in the Doi Gia dialect. Furthermore, research conducted by (Darwin: 2017) is the independent clause structure of the Rifki Julyanto Madjid, Idris, Gusti Ketut Alit Saputra, Syamsuddin Structure Of Independent Clauses in Balantak Language 3100 Dondo language. Although the title of the third study is similar to this study. But the languages used as research subjects are different. In terms of existence, the Balantak language is in a worrying position of being threatened with extinction. The objectives to be achieved in this study are: To describe the structure of intransitive clauses in the Balantak language, to describe the structure of transitive clauses in the Balantak language, and To describe the structure of equative clauses in the Balantak language. Method This study examines the structure of the independent clause of the Balantak language in the Balantak area of Mamping Village. In relation to this problem, the study has a work plan or research implementation guidelines using qualitative research types, which are a series of activities or processes of filtering data or information that is reasonable regarding a problem in certain conditions, aspects or areas in the life of its object. Bogdan and Tylor (in Moh. Rahmat's thesis, 2013:20) define qualitative methodology as a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observable behavior. The data in this study were obtained from two sources, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data or main data comes from oral data obtained directly by the researcher, while secondary data or supporting data comes from written data. Oral data is obtained from information in the field during the research, while written data is obtained from library sources such as language research results. In this study, the data collection technique used is the conversation technique or listening technique, namely the researcher listens to the speech or conversation of the informant. In the implementation of the listening technique, the tapping technique is carried out, namely by tapping the informant's speech. The researcher becomes a listener and can be directly involved in the conversation (Bahasa Balantak), after which the researcher can group words that include independent clauses. While the conversation technique is carried out with the fishing technique, namely fishing for the informant to tell a story. In analyzing the collected data, the researcher used the equivalence method and the distributional method. The equivalence method is used to explain the meaning of each word in the independent clause of the Balantak language with a sub-type of the traditional equivalence method, namely comparing one language with another. Such as regional languages with Indonesian. This means that the verb in Indonesian has the same meaning as the verb in Balantak. For example, the word mantarai in Balantak has the same meaning as the word "beri" in Indonesian, meaning that the two words are matched. IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 1, June 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 3101 Results A. Klasusa Intransitif 1) A’I kae-kae balimang S:FN P:FVi “Grandpa is working” 2) Utusku morio mae S:FN P:FVi "brother is gone" 3) Amir kae-kae manyayi S:FN P:FVi “Amir is singing” 4) I’a mae na pasar S:FN P:FVi Aj:Fprep "He went to the market" 5) Tamah motokol na tokolan S:FN P:FVi Aj:Fprep “Dad is sleeping in the room” 2. Klausa Transitif 1) Zahra mingili patolot S:FN P:FVt O:FN “Zahra bought a pencil 2) Sinangku mantaring intom S:FN P:FVt O:FN “My mother cooks vegetables 3) Utusku mola’na mangkarei dasar S:FN P:FVt O:FN “My brother sweeps the floor” 4) Yuda mangalakiti motor S:FN P:FVt O:FN “Yuda rides a motorbike” Rifki Julyanto Madjid, Idris, Gusti Ketut Alit Saputra, Syamsuddin Structure Of Independent Clauses in Balantak Language 3102 5) Alam mintimbui bunga S:FN P:FVt O:FN “Alam waters his garden” 3. Klausa Ekuatif 1) Nadia damo nosida saangu guru S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:FN “Nadia has become a teacher” 2) Rian nosidamo saangu dokter S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:FN “Rian has become a doctor” 3) Utusku balalkina mase pilot S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:FN “My brother is a pilot” 4) Tamana mase mian poale S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:FN “Her father is a farmer” 5) Kani’i mase otongku S:FN P:FV Komp/PA:FN “This Is my car 4. Klausa Ekuatif Komplemen Adjektiva 1) Laigana Ø balaki S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA “The house is big” 2) Tobui kalee Ø tompilean biruu S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA “The sea looks blue” 3) Kintalna Ø balaki S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA “The yard is spacious” IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 1, June 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 3103 4) Tamannya Ø pore S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA “The garden Is beautiful” 5) Boroki’na Ø gaga S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA “His wife is beautiful” 5. Klausa Ekuatif Komplemen adverbial 1) Royotna Ø renak S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:Fadv “He sleeps soundly” 2) Salana Ø maalin S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:Fadv He walks slowly” 3) Tumetendena Ø maagor S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:Fadv “ “He runs fast” 4) Sinana insian na ale S:FN P:FVe Komp/Fprop “His mother is in the garden” 5) Utusku itiu insian na sikolaan S:FN P:FVe Komp/Fprop “My little brother is at school” Discussion In the previous descriptions it has been explained that in the field of syntax there are five components that are interrelated with each other. The five components are (1) discourse components as the largest component, (2) sentence components, (3) clause components, (4) phrase components, (5) word components as the smallest clause components. However, the author in this study focuses on the clause components, namely independent clauses. An independent clause is a clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence (Tarigan, 1986:75). An independent clause is a grammatical level that underlies the basic structure of a sentence. In other words, an independent clause functions as a basis and is constructed with intonation to form a sentence. Its constituents consist Rifki Julyanto Madjid, Idris, Gusti Ketut Alit Saputra, Syamsuddin Structure Of Independent Clauses in Balantak Language 3104 of subject (S), predicate (P), and object (O) as core elements and ajun (Ajg) as non- core elements. A. Klasusa Intransitif Intransitive clauses are clauses that do not have objects. According to Tarigan (1986:43), intransitive clauses are those that contain intransitive verbs, namely verbs that do not require objects. The structure of an intransitive clause consists of a subject slot (S) containing a Noun (N) or Noun Phrase (FN), a predicate slot (P) containing an intransitive Verb or intransitive Verb Phrase (Vi/FVi), and ajunction slot (Aj) containing a Preposition Phrase (F.Prep). The ajunction component in a clause is peripheral in nature, meaning it may or may not be present. The results of this study indicate that the structure of intransitive clauses in the Balantak language has a subject predicate (S-P). The data obtained are as follows. 1) A’I kae-kae balimang S:FN P:FVi “Grandpa is working” 2) Utusku morio mae S:FN P:FVi "brother is gone" 3) Amir kae-kae manyayi S:FN P:FVi “Amir is singing” 4) I’a mae na pasar S:FN P:FVi Aj:Fprep "He went to the market" 5) Tamah motokol na tokolan S:FN P:FVi Aj:Fprep “Dad is sleeping in the room” The clause uses the intransitive clause (CL) rule which consists of a subject slot (S) containing a noun phrase (FN), and a predicate slot (P) containing an intransitive verb (FVi). IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 1, June 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 3105 B. Transitive Clausa Transitive clauses are clauses that require objects. This means that the predicate slot of a transitive clause is a verb with two valences or a verb that requires two object nouns. This is in line with Tarigan's opinion (1986) who said that a transitive clause is a clause that contains a transitive verb, namely a verb that has the capacity of one or more objects. Transitive clauses consist of three core constituents, namely subject (S), predicate (P), and object (O). The internal structure of a transitive clause consists of a subject slot containing a noun phrase, a predicate slot containing a transitive (active) verb phrase, and an object slot containing a noun phrase. 1) Zahra mingili patolot S:FN P:FVt O:FN “Zahra bought a pencil From the data, the subject slot (S) is filled with a noun phrase (Zahra), the predicate slot (P) is filled with a transitive verb phrase (mingili), and the object slot (O) is filled with a noun phrase (patolot). 2) Sinangku mantaring intom S:FN P:FVt O:FN “My mother cooks vegetables 3) Utusku mola’na mangkarei dasar S:FN P:FVt O:FN “My brother sweeps the floor” 4) Yuda mangalakiti motor S:FN P:FVt O:FN “Yuda rides a motorbike” 5) Alam mintimbui bunga S:FN P:FVt O:FN “Alam waters his garden” The clause is formulated as: Tc = S:FN + P:FVt + OFN. This rule can be read as a transitive clause (Tc) consisting of a subject slot filled by a noun phrase that acts as an actor, a predicate slot filled by a transitive verb phrase, and supported by an object filled by a noun phrase that acts as a sufferer. Rifki Julyanto Madjid, Idris, Gusti Ketut Alit Saputra, Syamsuddin Structure Of Independent Clauses in Balantak Language 3106 C. Equative Clausa Naming equative clauses according to Tagmemic theory is based on the type of verb that fills the predicate and the complement relationship between the constituents that flank the equative verb. As according to Tarigan (1989:70) an equative clause is a clause that contains an equative verb. Equative verbs in clause construction connect the subject with the complement (predicate attribute). Based on the research results, it can be stated that equative clauses in the Balantak language can be seen in the following data. 1) Nadia damo nosida saangu guru S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:FN “Nadia has become a teacher” Based on these data, the subject slot (S) is filled by a noun phrase (Nadia damo), the predicate slot (P) is filled by an equative verb phrase (nosida), and is followed by a complement slot/attribute predicate slot (Comp/PA) which contains a noun phrase (saangu guru). 2) Rian nosidamo saangu dokter S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:FN “Rian has become a doctor” 3) Utusku balalkina mase pilot S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:FN “My brother is a pilot” 4) Tamana mase mian poale S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:FN “Her father is a farmer” 5) Kani’i mase otongku S:FN P:FV Komp/PA:FN “This Is my car Based on these data, the subject slot (S) is filled by a noun phrase (Nadia damo), the predicate slot (P) is filled by an equative verb phrase (nosida), and is followed by a complement slot/attribute predicate slot (Comp/PA) which contains a noun phrase (saangu guru). “His wife is beautiful” IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 1, June 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 3107 4. Klausa Ekuatif Komplemen Adjektiva 1) Laigana Ø balaki S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA “The house is big” 2) Tobui kalee Ø tompilean biruu S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA “The sea looks blue” 3) Kintalna Ø balaki S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA “The yard is spacious” 4) Tamannya Ø pore S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA “The garden Is beautiful” 5) Boroki’na Ø gaga S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA “His wife is beautiful” The clause follows the rule Kle = SFN + P:FVe + Comp/PA:FA. The rule is read as an equative clause (Kle) consisting of a subject slot (S) containing a noun phrase, a predicate slot (P) containing an equative complement phrase (FVe), and a complement slot/attribute predicate slot (Comp/PA) containing an adjective phrase (FA). “My little brother is at school” 5. Klausa Ekuatif Komplemen adverbial 1) Royotna Ø renak S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:Fadv “He sleeps soundly” 2) Salana Ø maalin S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:Fadv He walks slowly” 3) Tumetendena Ø maagor S:FN P:FVe Komp/PA:Fadv “ “He runs fast” Rifki Julyanto Madjid, Idris, Gusti Ketut Alit Saputra, Syamsuddin Structure Of Independent Clauses in Balantak Language 3108 4) Sinana insian na ale S:FN P:FVe Komp/Fprop “His mother is in the garden” 5) Utusku itiu insian na sikolaan S:FN P:FVe Komp/Fprop “My little brother is at school” The clause follows the rule Kle = SFN + P:FVe + Comp/PA:FAdv. The rule is read as an equative clause (Kle) consisting of a subject slot (S) containing a noun phrase, a predicate slot (P) containing an equative complement phrase (FVe), and a complement slot/attribute predicate slot (Comp/PA) containing an adverb phrase (FAdv). Conclusion Based on the results of research and discussion on independent clauses in Balantak language, the author can conclude that independent clauses in Balantak language consist of three types, namely intransitive clauses, transitive clauses, equative clauses, adjective complement equative clauses and adverbial complement equative clauses. The five clauses are basic clauses. Balantak language clauses consist of three core constituents, namely subject, predicate, and object. Intransitive clauses in Balantak language have a subject-predicate (S-P) language structure and it can be concluded that Balantak language does not have other variation patterns. In addition, transitive clauses in Balantak language also have the basic form S-P-O. The subject slot is filled by a noun phrase that acts as an actor, the predicate slot is filled by a transitive verb phrase, and is supported by an object filled by a noun phrase that acts as a sufferer. 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