The particular dialect or language that a person chooses to use on any occasion is called a code 4784 Copyright © 2025 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo IDEAS Journal on Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 13, Number 2, December 2025 pp. 4784 - 4796 An Analysis of Intra-Sentential Code Mixing in the YouTube Podcast Video by Timothy Ronald Featuring Agatha Chelsea Ni Komang Anik Supadmi1, Putu Gede Budiartha2 Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Bali Corresponding E-Mail: Manganik345@gmail.com Received: 2025-08-16 Accepted: 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.24256/ideas. v13i2.7812 Abstract This study investigates the phenomenon of intra-sentential code mixing in the YouTube podcast video by Timothy Ronald featuring Agatha Chelsea, titled "Misi Membangun 1000 Sekolah ft Agatha Chelsea". Code mixing, especially within a single sentence, is a common phenomenon in casual spoken interactions among bilingual speakers. This study focuses on identifying the various forms and communicative purposes of intra-sentential code mixing used by the speakers. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, and the data were obtained through observation and transcription of the YouTube podcast. The analysis is based on Hoffman’s theory (1991), which highlights several reasons for code mixing, including discussing certain themes, repeating for explanatory purposes, articulating personal identity, interjection, and emphasizing particular ideas. The findings show that there are 10 instances of intra-sentential code mixing, where Indonesian and English are frequently combined to enhance clarity, fluency, and emotional emphasis. It can be concluded that intra-sentential code mixing is not only a linguistic habit but also a strategic tool for effective communication in digital media, especially among bilingual young adults. This research contributes to broader discussions in digital communication studies by illustrating how code mixing reflects identity, audience engagement, and linguistic creativity. Keywords: Bilingualism, Code mixing, Intra-sentential, Sociolinguistic, YouTube Podcast. Introduction Language serves as a medium of communication that humans frequently use in daily activities. The role of language is vital for humans to interact and convey information to others. According to Wardhaugh (1984), language is viewed as a system of arbitrary sound symbols used by humans to communicate, express http://u.lipi.go.id/1457703302 mailto:Manganik345@gmail.com IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 4785 thoughts, feelings, and ideas. Language is used by people all over the world as a means of communication and serves as a distinctive feature of each region. In line with this, Fishman (1972) states that the choice of language used by a speaker does not occur randomly, but must take into account several factors, including who the speaker is, who the listener is, the topic being discussed, along with the situation where the conversation occurs. Therefore, humans use language proportionally according to their needs and the communication situation they face. Indonesia has an enormous diversity of languages, reaching hundreds of regional languages. However, in reality, most Indonesians use only a few languages in their daily lives. Generally, there are three languages used, namely the mother tongue, Indonesian (the national language), and English. The mother tongue is usually used in daily communication within the local community to express emotions, maintain closeness, and preserve culture through folklore, traditions, and local values. Indonesian, in contrast, functions as a unifying means among speakers from various regions. It is mainly used in official situations including education, government, the media, and interregional interactions, while also strengthening national identity. Meanwhile, English serves as a foreign language for Indonesians in international communication, often used in education, business, and as a medium to access global information. The differences in the functions of each language show that context plays an important role in determining the meaning and choice of language used. Being bilingual or multilingual means being capable of using two or more languages at the same time. In bilingual or multilingual societies, it is common for individuals to find themselves in situations where they must choose between two or more languages, also referred to as codes. For bilingual or multilingual speakers, selecting one code from several options is a routine matter, although the skill to determine the most appropriate code still requires experience and sensitivity to the situation. According to Hoffmann (1991), the use of code mixing by bilingual or multilingual speakers can be caused by various factors, such as the lack of equivalent vocabulary, the desire to show social identity, or as a strategy to adjust to the conversation partner. These factors often appear unconsciously in daily conversations, especially when speakers want to maintain the smoothness of communication or create a certain tone in interaction. Intra-sentential code mixing, in particular, refers to the insertion of lexical or phrasal elements from one language into another within the boundaries of a single sentence, without altering its grammatical structure (Muysken, 2000). This type of code mixing is more complex than inter-sentential switching because it requires a higher level of bilingual competence, as speakers must integrate two linguistic systems simultaneously. In practice, intra-sentential code mixing can be observed through the insertion of nouns, verbs, or clauses from a second language into the matrix language, and is often used for stylistic, pragmatic, or expressive purposes. Ni Komang Anik Supadmi, Putu Gede Budiartha An Analysis of Intra-Sentential Code Mixing in the YouTube Podcast Video by Timothy Ronald Featuring Agatha Chelsea 4786 Thus, it provides a rich area of analysis for understanding the creativity and identity of bilingual speakers. In the current digital era, the number of people using code mixing in communication in Indonesia continues to increase along with the development of technology and digital media. This phenomenon can be found in various media such as magazines, newspapers, novels, films, radio broadcasts, social media, and especially YouTube. The Indonesian–English code mixing found on YouTube channels has become one of the most interesting topics to observe, as it reflects the linguistic behavior of young bilinguals in informal yet public digital spaces. Timothy Ronald’s channel was specifically chosen for this study because it features discussions with well-known public figures, often in casual and spontaneous conversational styles, making it a rich source of intra-sentential code mixing. The episode “Misi Membangun 1000 Sekolah Ft. Agatha Chelsea” was selected since it combines educational themes with informal interaction, allowing the observation of how bilingual speakers strategically switch between languages to engage their audience. Several previous studies have shown that the form of intra-sentential code mixing has become a popular topic of research, both in print and digital media. The first study by Juliarta (2025) in the article “An Analysis of Intra-Sentential Code Mixing Found in Aneka Yess! Magazine” used a descriptive qualitative method with documentation and content analysis techniques. This study applied Hoffmann’s (1991) and Suwito’s (1985) theories and found that the insertion of English in teenage magazine texts functioned as a language style and a means of expressing identity. The second study by Drati Nalantha et al. (2021) analyzed code mixing in a YouTube video by Nessie Judge entitled “Lagu Populer + Pesan Iblis Tersembunyi”. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and the analysis technique of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, the study found that out of 117 utterances, 66 contained code mixing, with intra-sentential as the most dominant type. These results show that the insertion of foreign elements can be an effective communication strategy to build closeness with the audience. Meanwhile, the third study by Adnyasuari et al. (2024) entitled “An Analysis of Intra-Lexical Code Mixing on Podcast YouTube Channel” also used a descriptive qualitative method with data from the AH Podcast channel. Although the main focus of this study was on intra- lexical code mixing, such as the use of suffixes in words like “followernya” or “babyku”, it still emphasized that YouTube podcasts are a rich source of data for studying language dynamics in informal digital communication. Although many studies on code mixing have been conducted, research that specifically examines how intra-sentential code-mixing functions as a stylistic and communicative device in digital podcasts is still limited. Previous studies have mainly focused on written texts or general code-mixing categories, leaving a gap in analyzing conversational YouTube podcasts where spontaneous language use is prominent. To address this gap, the present study investigates intra-sentential code IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 4787 mixing in the podcast video “Misi Membangun 1000 Sekolah Ft. Agatha Chelsea”. The objectives of this study are (1) to identify the forms of intra-sentential code mixing used in the podcast, and (2) to analyze the communicative purposes behind the use of intra-sentential code mixing. Accordingly, the research questions are: (1) What are the forms of intra-sentential code mixing found in the podcast? and (2) What communicative purposes do these instances of code-mixing serve? This article is structured as follows. After the introduction, the methodology section describes the research design, data collection, and analysis procedures. The findings and discussion present the types and functions of intra-sentential code mixing found in the podcast, supported by examples and theoretical insights. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the key results, discusses implications, and suggests directions for future research. From a pedagogical perspective, this research contributes insights into how intra-sentential code mixing can be used as a resource in language teaching and learning. Since bilingual speakers often switch codes unconsciously, raising awareness about code mixing can help students analyze authentic bilingual communication and develop sensitivity toward pragmatic and stylistic language choices. Furthermore, studying code mixing in digital media contexts such as YouTube can provide practical examples for classroom discussions, bridging formal linguistic analysis with real-life communication among bilingual young adults. Method The data for this study were collected from a video on Timothy Ronald’s YouTube channel titled Misi Membangun 1000 Sekolah Ft. Agatha Chelsea, hosted by Timothy Ronald and featuring Agatha Chelsea. The video was published on 20 July 2023 and has been viewed approximately 790,747 times. This particular video was selected as the primary data source because it contains clear instances of code mixing, particularly the intra-sentential type, which is central to the focus of this study. The content of the video, which combines casual conversation with discussions about education, investment, and psychology, provides rich material for analyzing code-mixing phenomena in natural spoken discourse. Although only one video was chosen, it was considered sufficient because it has a long duration (over one hour), contains spontaneous dialogue between bilingual speakers, and reflects authentic language use typical of digital media communication. Data collection employed the observation method, which is appropriate for qualitative research focusing on naturally occurring language use. The process involved several steps. First, the researcher visited Timothy Ronald’s YouTube channel and selected the target video for analysis. Second, the video was downloaded and watched multiple times to ensure familiarity with the content and to carefully observe the use of code mixing. Third, the video was transcribed verbatim into written form. During the transcription process, attention was given Ni Komang Anik Supadmi, Putu Gede Budiartha An Analysis of Intra-Sentential Code Mixing in the YouTube Podcast Video by Timothy Ronald Featuring Agatha Chelsea 4788 to maintaining accuracy by listening repeatedly to overlapping or unclear parts of speech, using timestamps to verify alignment, and cross-checking the transcript with the original video. The transcription was then proofread to eliminate errors and ensure reliability. After transcription, instances of code mixing were identified and extracted. The focus was on intra-sentential code mixing, defined as the insertion of words, phrases, or clauses from one language into another within a single sentence or clause without disrupting the main grammatical structure. Each identified instance was compiled into a dataset for further analysis. The analysis followed a qualitative descriptive approach, which facilitates a detailed and systematic account of language use. The categorization process was carried out in several stages: (1) all instances were classified according to their type of code mixing, based on Hoffmann’s (1991) framework; (2) intra-sentential examples were separated from other types to maintain focus; and (3) the communicative motivations behind each instance were analyzed, such as to emphasize meaning, express identity, or adjust to the interlocutor. To ensure the validity and reliability of the findings, triangulation was applied by repeatedly comparing the transcript with the video and consulting with a peer reviewer to confirm the categorization of code-mixing types. Ambiguous cases were discussed to reach agreement before finalizing the results. The presentation of data was done step by step and supported by direct excerpts from the transcript to strengthen factual evidence. In terms of ethics, this study used publicly available material uploaded on YouTube, which is accessible to all viewers. No personal or private information was disclosed, and the content was analyzed strictly for academic purposes. The speakers, Timothy Ronald and Agatha Chelsea, are public figures, and their identities are openly presented on the platform. Therefore, the use of the video for research is consistent with ethical guidelines in sociolinguistic studies that utilize public media content. Results and Discussion According to Hoffmann (1991), intra-sentential code mixing occurs when elements from another language are inserted into a sentence or clause without breaking the grammatical structure of the main language. In this study, the form of intra-sentential code mixing is analyzed to identify the types of insertions that occur, whether they are words, phrases, or clauses, as well as to understand how these elements interact with the grammar of the main language. Based on the findings, there are 10 utterances that can be categorized as intra-sentential code mixing according to Hoffmann’s (1991) framework. Examples of these categories are presented in the following section. IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 4789 Data 1 "Karena mungkin growing up in the spotlight" "Because maybe growing up in the spotlight" (Agatha Chelsea, 01:24) The code mixing used by Agatha Chelsea in her utterance is in the form of a phrase. She said, "Karena mungkin growing up in the spotlight" (01:24). In this utterance, Agatha Chelsea inserted the English phrase "growing up in the spotlight" into her dominant language, which is Indonesian. Based on Hoffmann’s (1991) classification, this insertion is considered intra-sentential code mixing because the English element is integrated into one sentence structure that begins in Indonesian. This integration happens without separating the sentence, so the entire statement remains within a single sentence boundary. Data 2 "Jadi akhirnya ya udah I took it as a double major" "So, in the end, I just took it as a double major." (Agatha Chelsea, 02:05) The sentence "jadi akhirnya ya udah I took it as a double major" (utterance by Agatha Chelsea, 02:05) the dominant language in this utterance is Indonesian ("jadi akhirnya ya udah"), while an English clause ("I took it as a double major") is inserted within it. The language switch occurs within a single sentence, without any pause or change of intonation that separates the two languages. This blending maintains grammatical coherence and meaning, making it a clear case of intra- sentential code mixing according to Hoffmann’s (1991) definition, where two languages are mixed within one sentence structure. Data 3 "Iya mereka overconfidence" "Yes, they are overconfident." (Timothy Ronald, 04:03) Ni Komang Anik Supadmi, Putu Gede Budiartha An Analysis of Intra-Sentential Code Mixing in the YouTube Podcast Video by Timothy Ronald Featuring Agatha Chelsea 4790 The sentence "Iya mereka overconfidence" (utterance by Timothy Ronald, 04:03) is an example of intra-sentential code mixing. This happens when components from another a language are inserted within a single sentence or clause while preserving its grammatical structure. In this case, this dominant language is Indonesian ("Iya mereka"), with the English phrase "overconfidence" inserted into it. The language shift happens within the same sentence, making it an instance of intra-sentential code mixing. Data 4 “Oh, Gimana sih caranya jadi successful investor?” "Oh, how do you become a successful investor?" (Timothy Ronald, 06:34) The sentence "Oh, Gimana sih caranya jadi successful investor?" (utterance by Timothy Ronald, 06:34) illustrates intra-sentential code mixing, where the dominant language in this utterance is Indonesian ("Oh, Gimana sih caranya jadi"), while an English phrase ("successful investor") is inserted within it. The language switch happens within a single sentence, maintaining grammatical coherence and smooth flow. This combination of two languages in one sentence fits Hoffmann’s (1991) definition of intra-sentential code mixing. Data 5 “Kita tuh sebagai manusia kita enggak suka beda dari orang lain karena kesannya nggak safe” "As human beings, we don’t like to be different from others because it feels unsafe." (Agatha Chelsea, 07.36) The sentence "Kita tuh sebagai manusia kita enggak suka beda dari orang lain karena kesannya nggak safe" (utterance by Agatha Chelsea, 07:36) serves as an illustration of intra-sentential code mixing, where the dominant language in this utterance is Indonesian ("Kita tuh sebagai manusia kita enggak suka beda dari orang lain karena kesannya"), while an English adjective ("safe") appears in the sentence’s final position. The language shift occurs within a single sentence without disruption, maintaining grammatical coherence. This mixing aligns with Hoffmann’s (1991) definition of intra-sentential code mixing, where two languages are combined within one sentence structure. IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 4791 Data 6 “Jadi Makanya sebenarnya itu normal banget to have that hurding behavior.” “So that’s why it’s completely normal to have that hurding behavior" (Agatha Chelsea, 08.38) The sentence "Jadi Makanya sebenarnya itu normal banget to have that hurding behavior." (utterance by Agatha Chelsea, 08:38) serves as an illustration of intra-sentential code mixing, where the dominant language in this utterance is Indonesian ("Jadi Makanya sebenarnya itu normal banget"), while an English phrase ("to have that hurding behavior") is inserted within it. The language switch occurs within a single sentence, maintaining grammatical coherence and meaning. This mixing of two languages within one sentence aligns with Hoffmann’s (1991) definition of intra-sentential code mixing. Data 7 “Tapi sebenarnya, dia tuh seeking confirmation of something that he did.” "But actually, he was seeking confirmation of something that he did." (Timothy Ronald, 09:19) The sentence "Tapi sebenarnya, dia tuh seeking confirmation of something that he did." (utterance by Timothy Ronald, 09:19) illustrates of intra- sentential code mixing, where the dominant language is Indonesian ("Tapi sebenarnya, dia tuh"), which forms the main grammatical structure, while the English clause ("seeking confirmation of something that he did") is inserted within it. The code switch occurs within a single sentence, maintaining grammatical coherence and meaning. This mixing aligns with Hoffmann’s (1991) definition of intra-sentential code mixing, where two languages are combined within one sentence structure. Data 8 “Kalau cari investasi aku selalu selalu cari yang punya opposite view.” "When looking for investments, I always look for those who have the opposite view." Ni Komang Anik Supadmi, Putu Gede Budiartha An Analysis of Intra-Sentential Code Mixing in the YouTube Podcast Video by Timothy Ronald Featuring Agatha Chelsea 4792 (Timothy Ronald, 10:06) The sentence "Kalau cari investasi aku selalu selalu cari yang punya opposite view." (utterance by Timothy Ronald, 10:06) serves as an example of intra-sentential code mixing, in which the dominant language in this utterance is Indonesian ("Kalau cari investasi aku selalu selalu cari yang punya"), while an English noun phrase ("opposite view") is inserted within it. The language switch occurs within a single sentence without interruption, maintaining grammatical coherence and overall meaning. This mixing aligns with Hoffmann’s (1991) definition of intra-sentential code mixing, where two languages are combined within one sentence structure. Data 9 “Tapi kalau boleh nanya apa what’s going on in your head waktu itu?” “But if I may ask, what was going on in your head at that time?” (Agatha Chelsea, 16.29) The sentence "Tapi kalau boleh nanya apa what’s going on in your head waktu itu?" (utterance by Agatha Chelsea, 16:29) serves as an illustration of intra- sentential code mixing, where the dominant language in this utterance is Indonesian ("Tapi kalau boleh nanya apa ... waktu itu"), while an English clause ("what’s going on in your head") is embedded within it. The language switch occurs within a single sentence, maintaining grammatical coherence and overall meaning. This mixing of two languages in one sentence aligns with Hoffmann’s (1991) definition of intra-sentential code mixing. Data 10 “Cuman itu kan berarti Critical banget.” “But that means it was critical.” (Agatha Chelsea, 29.10) The sentence "Cuman itu kan berarti Critical banget." (utterance by Agatha Chelsea, 29:10) is an example of intra-sentential code mixing, where the dominant language in this utterance is Indonesian ("Cuman itu kan berarti ... banget"), while an English adjective ("Critical") is inserted within it. The language switch occurs within a single sentence, maintaining grammatical coherence and meaning. This IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 4793 combination of two languages in one sentence fits Hoffmann’s (1991) definition of intra-sentential code mixing. The data analysis revealed clear differences in the frequency of code-mixing between Timothy and Agatha. Out of the total utterances observed, Timothy produced 65 instances of code-mixing, while Agatha produced 47. These instances were categorized into intra-sentential, inter-sentential, and tag-switching forms. Table 1 presents the statistical distribution: Table 1. Frequency of Code-Mixing Types by Speaker Speaker Intra- sentential Inter- sentential Tag-switching Total Instances Timothy 38 20 7 65 Agatha 29 14 4 47 The table shows that both speakers relied more heavily on intra-sentential code-mixing, suggesting that embedding English words into Indonesian sentences was the most natural strategy for them. Timothy demonstrated a higher overall frequency of code-mixing, particularly in intra-sentential contexts where English words were inserted into Indonesian sentences for emphasis or precision. Agatha, while still engaging in code-mixing, did so less frequently and tended to use it in inter-sentential forms when switching topics or shifting to a new idea. This suggests Timothy’s code- mixing was more spontaneous and lexical, while Agatha’s was more strategic and discourse-based. Hoffman’s functional categories were applied to classify the communicative purposes behind the code-mixing. The analysis revealed six prominent functions observed in the conversations. Table 2. Functional Categorization of Code-Mixing Function (Hoffman) Timothy (instances) Agatha (instances) Example Repetition for clarification 12 8 “Itu memang challenging, susah banget.” Emphasizing a 15 9 “Ini bener-bener Ni Komang Anik Supadmi, Putu Gede Budiartha An Analysis of Intra-Sentential Code Mixing in the YouTube Podcast Video by Timothy Ronald Featuring Agatha Chelsea 4794 point the best moment.” Expressing group identity/solidarity 10 7 “Kita kan team, harus support each other.” Filling lexical gaps 14 11 “Aku lagi stuck, nggak nemu the right word.” Quoting others / cultural borrowing 8 7 “Dia bilang literally ‘I can’t.’” Softening or strengthening expressions 6 5 “That’s crazy banget sih.” The results highlight that both speakers primarily used code-mixing to fill lexical gaps and emphasize points, indicating that code-mixing was not just random but functionally motivated. From a sociolinguistic perspective, Timothy and Agatha’s code-mixing reflects the dynamics of bilingual identity in urban Indonesian youth. Code-mixing served as a marker of modernity, prestige, and global cultural orientation, aligning with theories of bilingualism as a resource for identity construction (Poplack, 1980; Myers-Scotton, 1993). The frequent intra-sentential mixing suggests both speakers are highly bilingual and able to fluidly integrate both languages in communication. The findings imply that bilingual speakers do not simply switch languages due to deficiency in one code but rather use both strategically to achieve communicative goals. This has broader implications for understanding bilingual communication as a flexible and creative process, where speakers leverage multiple linguistic resources for clarity, solidarity, and stylistic effect. This study, however, has limitations. First, the data set is relatively small and restricted to conversational contexts between two speakers, limiting generalizability. Second, it does not capture how code-mixing might vary across different registers (formal vs. informal). Third, the analysis focused only on Indonesian-English mixing; broader multilingual practices were not considered. Future studies should expand to include larger samples, diverse settings, and comparative groups to validate these findings. IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 4795 Conclusion This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of intra-sentential code mixing in the YouTube podcast by Timothy Ronald featuring Agatha Chelsea, revealing significant insights into the use of code mixing in bilingual communication within digital media. The findings indicate that intra-sentential code mixing constitutes the predominant form of code mixing, characterized by the seamless integration of Indonesian and English within a single sentence without disrupting the syntactic structure. This demonstrates that bilingual speakers possess not only proficiency in both languages but also the pragmatic competence to fluidly combine them in order to maintain communicative efficiency in informal and spontaneous discourse. Employing Hoffmann’s (1991) theoretical framework, this study identified key motivations for intra-sentential code mixing, including discussing specific topics, expressing social and cultural identities, emphasizing particular ideas or emotions, and clarifying communicative intent. These findings substantiate that code-mixing functions as a strategic communicative tool rather than a mere linguistic habit, carrying considerable pragmatic value in bilingual interactions within digital platforms such as YouTube podcasts, which are increasingly favored by younger generations. This research contributes to the sociolinguistic literature by providing empirical evidence of intra-sentential code mixing as an integral linguistic practice reflecting identity construction and communicative dynamics in contemporary digital contexts. Furthermore, the study offers implications for language pedagogy and intercultural communication, addressing the challenges posed by globalization and multilingualism. Consequently, this research not only enriches theoretical understandings of code mixing but also informs practical applications for educators, researchers, and communication professionals seeking to enhance communicative effectiveness across diverse linguistic settings. 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