Microsoft Word - 8282 6508 Copyright © 2025 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo IDEAS Journal on Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 13, Number 2, December 2025 pp. 6508 - 6522 Framing Comparison of Netanyahu's Denial of the Gaza Famine in Al Jazeera and CNN Arabic Muhammad Nur 1, Abdul Basid 2 12 Bahasa dan Sastra Arab, Humaniora UIN Malang Corresponding E-Mail: 220301110085@student.uin-malang.ac.id Received: 2025-10-26 Accepted: 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v13i2.8282 Abstract This study investigates the critical role of media framing in geopolitical conflict by analyzing the coverage of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's denial of the Gaza famine, a claim directly contradicted by international humanitarian reports. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach grounded in Robert Entman's framing theory (Problem Definition, Causal Diagnosis, Moral Judgment, and Suggested Remedies), we conducted a comparative analysis of news articles from two ideologically distinct outlets: Al Jazeera Arabic and CNN Arabic. The analysis reveals fundamentally divergent framing strategies. Al Jazeera utilized a decisive Accountability Frame, defining the problem as a "blatant lie" against established humanitarian fact and diagnosing the cause as the "Israeli war of annihilation" and ongoing blockade. Its moral judgment was strongly condemnatory, leading to a proposed political solution (immediate lifting of the siege). Conversely, CNN Arabic adopted a cautious Debate and Juxtaposition Frame, defining the problem as a conflict of high-stakes political claims. It presented an ambiguous causal diagnosis by balancing Netanyahu's denial with counter-data on malnutrition deaths, and implicitly proposed an information solution (transparency and independent journalistic access). This ideological divergence confirms that media alignment dictates narrative construction in highly sensitive conflicts. The findings highlight the significance of discourse linguistics and critical discourse analysis as effective tools for uncovering the hidden agendas and ideological biases embedded in news texts. By analyzing linguistic choices, this research demonstrates how language actively shapes, rather than merely reports, social and political reality. Keywords: Media Framing, Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Al Jazeera, CNN Arabic, Famine in Gaza IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 6509 Introduction Mass media plays a central role in shaping global consciousness through framing, a powerful technique that selectively presents information to construct social reality (Entman & Usher, 2023; Ricciardelli et al., 2024). In a digital landscape characterized by increasing misinformation (Komdigi, 2020), the power of framing to influence social stability and public perception of conflicts is crucial (Entman, 2007; Seungwoo, 2024). Specifically, the framing of conflicts has a significant impact on global policy and public opinion (Van Hulst et al., 2024). The choice of words, images, and narratives by news organizations can dramatically shift sympathy, allocate blame, and determine the urgency of humanitarian response. Therefore, a comparative analysis of how different international media outlets frame the same conflict event is necessary to reveal inherent biases and ideological positions. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is an area where media framing exerts great influence, shaping global sentiment regarding morality and responsibility. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's claim denying the existence of a famine in Gaza, despite the claim being refuted by international organizations, attracted intense global attention and diverse media coverage (Al-Jazeera, 2025; Arabic, 2025). Because it represents a high-level rhetorical battleground where the reality of the humanitarian situation is actively questioned, making the journalistic framing of that denial a determining factor in shaping global policy and public sympathy. This research utilizes as its analytical framework. Entman's model examines four key aspects: problem definition, cause diagnosis, moral judgment, and suggested remedies (Entman, 1993; Entman, 2004). The selection of this theory is important to reveal how international news channels, such as Al Jazeera (Qatar-based, tending to support Palestine) (Khalil, 2025) and CNN Arabic (Western-aligned, often viewed as pro-Israel) (Wienanto, 2024), construct divergent narratives (Lindgren et al., 2024). Previous research has extensively explored framing analysis across diverse contexts. A significant portion of this literature focuses on the, examining how media outlets frame the conflict's complexities, casualties, and political actors (Zawawi, Mellinda et al., 2024; Hardilla & Zawawi, 2024; Setiawan et al., 2024; Ilmi et al., 2024; Nugraha & Anshory, 2025; Hanief & Ainani, 2024); Malkawi et al., 2024; Jaber, 2025; Shahzad et al., 2023; Hanifah et al., 2024; Duman & Yolcu, 2023; Rahman & Salma, 2024) The application of Entman’s framing theory specifically has proven versatile, being utilized in studies covering various political and social issues (Zawawi, Mellinda et al., 2024; Putri & Hariyanto, 2024; Hafidli et al., 2023; Hardilla & Zawawi, 2024; Kerrigan et al., 2024; Setiawan et al., 2024; Oelrich & Siebold, 2024; Pohan et al., 2023). Beyond the Middle East, framing analysis has been applied to domestic issues in Indonesia (Pohan et al., 2023; Murti et al., 2023; Ramadhan et al., 2023; Nainggolan et al., 2023 ; Permadi, 2024 ; Sri et al., 2024) Muhammad Nur, Abdul Basid Framing Comparison of Netanyahu's Denial of the Gaza Famine in Al Jazeera and CNN Arabic 6510 and a wide array of international topics, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict, climate change, and various economic and social crises (Ibrahim et al., 2025; Berger et al., 2024; Guenther et al., 2024; Gionfriddo et al., 2024; Zeler et al., 2025; Kagaya et al., 2025; Fong & Smales, 2025; Eady et al., 2025; Rendon, 2024; Seungwoo, 2024; Nguyen & Hekman, 2024; Chu et al., 2025; Jinah et al., 2024; Cuadrado et al., 2025) Based on this preliminary review, this study shares similarities and differences with previous research. Similarities lie in the thematic focus on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the use of Entman's Theory. Conversely, the main difference lies in the specific news topic examined: this study focuses on the denial of the famine in Gaza. This demonstrates the flexibility of framing analysis theory and its broad application across various news issues and scientific studies, while also enriching the in-depth understanding of the adaptation of Entman's theory to different contexts and issues. Given the importance of understanding the divergent framing by these influential media outlets, this study aims to answer two explicit research questions, consolidating the core objectives into a high-level inquiry: First, employing Robert Entman’s framework, this study seeks to systematically analyze how Al Jazeera and CNN Arabic utilize the four framing elements, problem definition, cause diagnosis, moral judgment, and suggested remedies, in their coverage of Prime Minister Netanyahu’s denial of the Gaza famine. Second, the research investigates the comparative differences between the two media outlets' overall framing patterns and evaluates the potential implications of these disparities on global public perception and geopolitical alignment. This study is expected to complement and strengthen the results of previous studies and provide additional literature on the application of Robert Entman's framing analysis in the mass media realm. The way Al Jazeera and CNN frame the conflict has great potential to shape global public opinion and even influence the foreign policies of countries; therefore, this research highlights the important role of international media in forming global views on regional conflicts. The subsequent sections of this article will detail the methodology, present the comparative analysis, and discuss its implications. Method This study employs an in-depth descriptive qualitative research design utilizing a comparative framing analysis approach. This methodology is essential for providing a highly detailed depiction of how two major international media outlets, Al Jazeera Arabic and CNN Arabic, construct and disseminate narratives surrounding Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's denial of the Gaza famine. The analytical framework is strictly based on Robert Entman's Framing Theory, which systematically dissects the news discourse into four core, interconnected elements: problem definition, causal diagnosis, moral judgment, IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 6511 and suggested remedies (Entman, 1993). The research aims to use these four elements to uncover the underlying ideological mechanisms and bias present in the coverage of this high-stakes denial statement. The data source consists of two single, highly relevant online news articles, selected using a purposive, single-case selection technique due to their direct focus on the Prime Minister's denial statement. These core articles are: Al Jazeera Arabic’s “ في غزة المجاعة دوليا حول تقريرا يكّذب and (published August 22, 2025) ”نتنياهو CNN Arabic’s “نتنياهو يدافع عن خطة السيطرة على مدينة غزة.. وينفي وجود مجاعة بالقطاع” (published August 10, 2025). The unit of analysis is defined as the specific textual components within these two articles, including headlines, subheadings, quotes, attributions, and narrative paragraphs, that directly align with and establish one of Entman's four framing elements. Data collection involved the systematic documentation and thorough reading of these two core articles, accompanied by detailed note-taking to annotate text segments relevant to the framing elements. Subsequent analysis was performed using the structured, three-stage interactive analysis model of Miles and Huberman. First, Data Reduction was executed, where the full text of both articles was selected, simplified, and coded based on its pertinence to Entman’s four components, isolating the core framing devices. Second, the reduced and coded elements were subjected to Data Display, where they were arranged into comparative matrices and tables to facilitate direct contrastive analysis between Al Jazeera’s and CNN Arabic’s utilization of each framing component. Finally, Conclusion Drawing and Verification was executed, where distinct framing strategies and their underlying ideological implications were interpreted in detail, and conclusions regarding the bias and narrative construction of each outlet were constantly verified against the original textual evidence and the established Entman framework to ensure the validity and robustness of the findings (Miles & Huberman, 2014). Results This section presents the findings of the comparative framing analysis based on Robert Entman's four-element model (Problem Definition, Causal Diagnosis, Moral Judgment, and Suggested Remedies). The analysis focuses on two primary articles: Al Jazeera Arabic’s “غزة في المجاعة حول دوليا تقريرا يكّذب and CNN ”نتنياهو Arabic’s “نتنياهو يدافع عن خطة السيطرة على مدينة غزة.. وينفي وجود مجاعة بالقطاع” (CNN Arabic, 2025; Al-Jazeera, 2025). Al Jazeera Arabic Al Jazeera established a decisive Conflict and Accountability Frame by prioritizing the factual reality of the humanitarian crisis and directly linking responsibility to the Israeli government. Muhammad Nur, Abdul Basid Framing Comparison of Netanyahu's Denial of the Gaza Famine in Al Jazeera and CNN Arabic 6512 Problem Definition The problem was explicitly defined as the conflict between documented fact and political denial. The article prominently cited the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) report, which formally declared a famine, framing Netanyahu’s counter-statement as a direct and aggressive attack on international fact. The article immediately labeled the denial as a “blatant lie” indicating a clear editorial position from the outset. This definitive ,(”كذبة صريحة“) language emphasizes the severity of the political denial itself, positioning it as an egregious act against humanitarian truth and international consensus. By prioritizing the IPC report, a mechanism with “stringent, internationally recognized criteria” (“المجاعة إلعالن الصارمة Al Jazeera established an ,(”معاييرها authoritative counter-narrative, making Netanyahu's denial appear baseless and morally indefensible. The core issue is thus defined not merely as “famine in Gaza,” but as the Israeli leadership's active deception regarding that famine. Causal Diagnosis Al Jazeera assigned unambiguous and singular causation for the famine and resource shortage. The article directly and explicitly attributed the cause to the “years-long Israeli blockade” (“على غزة منذ سنوات اإلسرائيلي الحصار and (”استمرار explicitly referred to the ongoing conflict as the “Israeli war of annihilation” اإلبادة اإلسرائيلية“) The narrative structure leaves no ambiguity regarding the .(”حرب primary agent responsible for the catastrophe. By linking the famine directly to both the blockade (a long-term structural cause) and the war (an immediate catalyst resulting in “حيوية منشآت Al Jazeera establishes a comprehensive ,(”تدمير indictment of Israeli policy. The cause is framed as systemic state action, moving beyond simple food shortages to deliberate destruction and extermination. Moral Judgment The moral judgment was strongly condemnatory and legalistic. The use of highly charged phrases, such as the repeated reference to the “war of extermination” (“حرب اإلبادة”) served as a direct and extreme moral indictment of the military campaign. The article reinforced this judgment by including concrete, legalizing details. Crucially, the narrative strategically included the fact that Netanyahu is “wanted by the International Criminal Court” (“ للمحكمة المطلوب elevating the moral transgression to the level of legal criminality and ,(”الجنائية الدولية war crimes. This serves as a powerful rhetorical device to solidify the condemnation using international legal frameworks, not just emotional appeal. Suggested Remedies The suggested remedies focused on immediate policy reversal and cessation of hostilities. The report directly cited the IPC’s demand to end the IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 6513 famine “at all costs” (“وقف المجاعة في غزة بأي ثمن”) and emphasized the critical need to “open humanitarian corridors” (“بسالسة المساعدات لتدفق إنسانية ممرات This .(”فتح framing explicitly proposed that the solution requires Israel to lift the siege and end the actions identified as the root cause of the crisis, aligning the required “remedy” directly with the “causal diagnosis.” The solution is framed as immediate, political, and mandatory, reflecting an advocacy position for policy modification by the perpetrator. CNN Arabic CNN Arabic adopted a more cautious, Debate and Juxtaposition Frame, focusing on the competing claims made at a high-level political press conference while utilizing counter-evidence to create a subtle moral critique. Problem Definition The core problem was defined as conflicting governmental claims and political defense (“دافع رئيس الوزراء اإلسرائيلي... مؤكدًا مجددًا عدم وجود مجاعة”). The central focus was Netanyahu's press conference, where he simultaneously defended the military takeover plan and reiterated his denial of the famine, framing the issue as a high-stakes political debate. The issue was framed less as a factual dispute (unlike Al Jazeera) and more as a public relations battle regarding the Prime Minister's rhetoric and strategic justifications. The article gave substantial space to Netanyahu’s attempts to frame the military operation as the “fastest way to end the war” (“أسرع طريقة إلنهاء الحرب”) and his assertion that the denial was necessary “on contrary to false claims” (“على عكس االدعاءات الكاذبة”). Causal Diagnosis The diagnosis was presented via attributed and competing claims, making the causation ambiguous in the narrative voice. Netanyahu was quoted directly and prominently ascribing the cause of food shortages to Hamas, whom he accused of “looting aid” (“ بنهب واتهمها الغذاء نقص في حماس على باللوم نتنياهو وألقى However, the narrative immediately counterbalanced this official claim .(”المساعدات by introducing external data: the Palestinian Ministry of Health’s report on 217 deaths due to malnutrition, including 100 children, and UNICEF’s data on 12,000 cases of acute child malnutrition (“أعلى رقم شهري يُسجل على اإلطالق”). This strategic juxtaposition allows CNN Arabic to report the Prime Minister’s causal claim without endorsing it, subtly suggesting that external facts offer a more likely alternative cause related to the blockade's humanitarian effect. Moral Judgment Moral judgment was rendered through strategic juxtaposition and focus on credibility, rather than explicit condemnation. The most prominent moral Muhammad Nur, Abdul Basid Framing Comparison of Netanyahu's Denial of the Gaza Famine in Al Jazeera and CNN Arabic 6514 weight was carried by the immediate presentation of malnutrition death statistics following Netanyahu's denial, implicitly highlighting the human cost and casting doubt on his statement. Furthermore, the report focused on defensive and evasive conduct as a form of moral critique. The article included details of Netanyahu’s evasion of a direct question from President Donald Trump regarding the famine and his threat to sue The New York Times (“ أنظر في إمكانية رفع دعوى حكومية ضد تايمز نيويورك This focus on a political figure's attempts to control the .(”صحيفة narrative serves as a subtle moral indictment of the leader's lack of transparency and credibility under pressure. Suggested Remedies The suggested remedy was implicitly focused on transparency and verification, rather than policy modification. CNN Arabic did not call for an end to the siege or policy change (as Al Jazeera did). Instead, the final paragraph highlighted Netanyahu’s directive to allow a “large number” of foreign journalists into Gaza (“األجانب الصحفيين من كبير عدد بجلب الجيش ووجهُت This .(”أمرُت implicitly suggests that the path toward a resolution (or at least a less contested narrative) lies in independent journalistic access and fact-checking, a media- centric solution, rather than political action. This framing elevates the role of the press as the solution agent. Comparative Summary of Framing Strategies The comparative analysis reveals two fundamentally divergent framing mechanisms, reflecting the clear institutional alignments of the respective media outlets. Table 1. Comparative Summary of Framing Strategies Entman’s Element Al Jazeera Arabic CNN Arabic Problem Definition Explicitly defined as a fact vs. political denial (“كذبة صريحة”). Focus on humanitarian catastrophe as an established reality. Defined as conflicting claims and political self-defense. Focus on Netanyahu's public statements and strategic justifications. Causal Diagnosis Singular and direct: The “Israeli blockade” and “war of annihilation” (“ اإلبادة حرب Causation is .(”اإلسرائيلية explicit. Competing and implied: Quoted Netanyahu blaming Hamas (looting); used counter-data (217 deaths) to implicitly suggest the siege's effect. Moral Judgment Strongly condemnatory: Uses highly charged terms; Subtly critical: Achieved through the juxtaposition of famine deaths IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 6515 links Netanyahu to ICC/war crimes (“ الجنائية للمحكمة المطلوب .(”الدولية against the denial; focuses on Netanyahu's evasiveness and threats to sue NYT. Suggested Remedies Policy Change: Immediate lifting of the siege; open humanitarian corridors; end Israeli actions. Transparency/Verification: Allowing independent foreign journalists into Gaza (“ جلب عدد كبير .to verify facts (”من الصحفيين األجانب Discussion This comparative analysis moves beyond merely stating differences in coverage (Findings) toward a deeper interpretation of why Al Jazeera Arabic and CNN Arabic frame Netanyahu's denial of starvation in Gaza so divergently. This systematic divergence reveals fundamental differences in media philosophy, geopolitical alignment, and ethical priorities. These findings underscore the media's role as a constructor of ideological narratives, consistent with studies comparing Al Jazeera's coverage with that of CNN/BBC in the same conflict (Hanifah et al., 2024; Shahzad et al., 2023). Issue Identification: The Conflict of Advocacy vs. Questionable Neutrality Al Jazeera’s choice to define the core issue as “fact versus political denial” is an explicit act of advocacy on behalf of the victims. By immediately labeling Netanyahu's statement as a “blatant lie,” Al Jazeera establishes its frame as a defense of humanitarian truth. This position is consistent with patterns observed across various studies, where Al Jazeera tends to provide “Pro-Palestine Coverage” and utilize the “Human Interest frame” and “Responsibility frame” more frequently than CNN or BBC (Hardilla, 2024). Conversely, CNN Arabic’s definition of the issue as a “conflict of claims” or a political debate neutralizes the moral urgency. This represents a classic “balance” frame that focuses on “political confrontation and administrative accountability” (Jaber, 2025; Sri et al., 2024). in the context of a starvation crisis, this neutrality risks creating a false equivalence between political denial and verified humanitarian reality, a practice that is ethically questionable. Abdul Rahman similarly highlights that Western outlets like the BBC tend to apply double standards in assigning the label “terrorist,” indicating an institutional reluctance to adopt strong, definitive language in certain contexts, a caution that likely influences CNN Arabic (Rahman & Salma, 2024). Causal Diagnosis and Linguistic Rhetoric Causal diagnosis is the point where the ideological split is most pronounced. Al Jazeera’s direct attribution to the “Israeli blockade” and a “war of annihilation” reflects an ethical commitment to accountability. This rhetorical choice is Muhammad Nur, Abdul Basid Framing Comparison of Netanyahu's Denial of the Gaza Famine in Al Jazeera and CNN Arabic 6516 supported by the findings of Malkawi et al., who compared headlines regarding the shooting of Shireen Abu Akleh: Arab (Al Jazeera) headlines preferred an active voice structure and assertive language, directly assigning fault to the perpetrator (Malkawi et al., 2024). In contrast, CNN Arabic achieves subtle obfuscation of fault through the mere juxtaposition of quotes and facts without direct attribution by the journalist. This strategy aligns with the tendency of Western media to employ a passive voice structure (Malkawi et al., 2024), and less assertive language on sensitive issues, as observed in coverage of journalist shootings or conflict coverage in general (Shahzad et al., 2023). This more cautious framing allows CNN Arabic to maintain an apparent objectivity, even as it diminishes moral clarity. Moral Judgment and Solutions Al Jazeera's explicit moral judgment (linking Netanyahu to the ICC/war crimes) functions to mobilize public opinion toward outrage and demands for accountability, consistent with its high use of the “Responsibility frame”. The solution proposed by Al Jazeera is a Political Solution demanding structural change (ending the siege), reflecting the media's function as an agent for policy change (Jinah et al., 2024). CNN Arabic shies away from political demands, instead suggesting an Information Solution (transparency and independent journalist access). By focusing on a journalistic/informational remedy, the outlet positions itself as a neutral provider of accountability. This approach risks resulting in high “episodic framing”, a focus on single events rather than the broader context, thereby potentially leading to “less attribution of responsibility to policy-makers, thereby conserving the status quo”, a pattern observed in coverage of hospital reform in Germany (Berger et al., 2024). Geopolitical Context and Ideological Implications These pronounced framing differences are intrinsically determined by the geopolitical context and the ideological alignments of the respective media organizations. Al Jazeera's consistent pro-Palestinian stance is deeply rooted, often serving a Muslim readership that maintains a “strong psychological connection with Palestinian Muslims” (Setiawan et al., 2023; Duman & Yolcu, 2023). This ideological positioning allows AJ to prioritize the humanitarian impact and explicitly assign blame. Conversely, CNN Arabic, operating as an extension of Western media, is constrained by the need for prudence when covering a major Western ally like Israel. Research confirms this operational framework, showing that Western outlets like BBC and CNN tend to dedicate more “Pro-Israel Coverage” and employ a “Conflict frame,” thereby systematically avoiding the Responsibility frame toward Israel, a pattern evident in CNN Arabic's softer framing of Netanyahu's IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 6517 denial (Shahzad et al., 2023). This dynamic aligns with the observation that the level of a media outlet's ideological involvement in a conflict dictates its focus: highly engaged media frame the opponent negatively, while less-involved media (or those ideologically opposed to the perpetrator's policy, like Al Jzaeera) zero in on the negative humanitarian consequences (Duman & Yolcu, 2023). Ultimately, CNN Arabic's approach in this specific case is an attempt to present itself as less ideologically invested than Al Jazeera, thereby preserving a facade of neutral reporting within a sensitive geopolitical axis. Conclusion This study, grounded in Robert Entman's framing analysis, finds significant differences in how Al Jazeera and CNN Arabic framed their coverage of Netanyahu's denial of the famine in Gaza. First, Al Jazeera explicitly defined the problem as an acute humanitarian crisis exacerbated by Netanyahu's “blatant lies,” while CNN Arabic framed the issue as an information conflict between competing claims. Second, Al Jazeera directly diagnosed the cause of the famine as the Israeli blockade and “war of annihilation,” whereas CNN Arabic presented two conflicting causal narratives: Netanyahu's claim blaming Hamas versus counter-evidence from humanitarian groups. Third, Al Jazeera issued a strong moral judgment using condemnatory language, while CNN Arabic maintained a more neutral tone, focusing on the political actor's credibility. Fourth, Al Jazeera implicitly offered a political solution by demanding an end to the blockade, while CNN Arabic emphasized a solution through transparency and access for independent journalism. The formative findings of this study confirm that Entman's framing theory is highly relevant and comprehensively explains how online news outlets, even those focused on the same region, can produce vastly different narratives. These results are consistent with previous studies: Al Jazeera tends to adopt a pro- Palestinian and humanist frame, while CNN Arabic prefers a conflict frame that prioritizes presenting both sides without explicit advocacy. These findings strongly support the theoretical premise that a media outlet's ideological orientation and geopolitical positioning significantly influence news framing. This study’s strength lies in providing an in-depth comparative analysis between two ideologically divergent media outlets on a crucial humanitarian event. However, its primary weakness is the limited focus on a single event, which ignores the broader context of continuous coverage. Therefore, future researchers are advised to conduct longitudinal analyses to track framing changes over time and to integrate reception analysis to understand how diverse audiences interpret these divergent frames. The implication of these findings for language studies is that discourse linguistics and critical discourse analysis are effective tools for uncovering hidden agendas and ideological biases in news texts. By analyzing Muhammad Nur, Abdul Basid Framing Comparison of Netanyahu's Denial of the Gaza Famine in Al Jazeera and CNN Arabic 6518 word choice, metaphors, and narrative structure, we see how language not only reports reality but also actively shapes it, demonstrating that the study of language cannot be separated from its social and political context. References Abduh, N. K., & Masruddin, M. (2023). Structural Studies of Robert Stanton in The Folklore of Luwu (Worongporong dan Pariama). IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 11(1), 117-126. Al-Jazeera. (2025). غزة في المجاعة حول دوليا تقريرا يكّذب .Aljezeera.Net .نتنياهو https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2025/8/22/ حول -دوليا-تقريرا-يكذب-نتنياهو Arabic, C. (2025). نتنياهو يدافع عن خطة السيطرة على مدينة غزة.. وينفي وجود مجاعة بالقطاع. CNN Arabic. https://gemini.google.com/u/2/app/53b496ee4c16d1d3?hl=id Berger, E., Eriksen, A., Wiedicke, A., Ortlepp, L., Caglar, R., & Busse, R. (2024). The media’s coverage and framing of hospital reforms: The case of Germany. Journal of Public Health (Germany), Christiansen 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-024-02271-6 Chu, J., Hassan, Z., & Sikandar, S. M. (2025). The framing of the Belt and Road Initiative in Indo-Pakistani media. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03830-8 Cuadrado, J., Martinez, E., Martinez-Santos, J. C., & Puertas, E. (2025). The media framing dataset: Analyzing news narratives in Mexico and Colombia. Data in Brief, 58, 111284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2025.111284 Eady, G., Bonneau, R., Tucker, J. A., & Nagler, J. (2025). News Sharing on Social Media: Mapping the Ideology of News Media Content, Citizens, and Politicians. Poliltical Analys, 73–90. https://doi.org/10.1017/pan.2024.19 Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460- 2466.1993.tb01304.x Entman, R. M. (2004). Projections of Power: Framing News, Public Opinion, and U.S. Foreign Policy. In University of Chicago Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?redir_esc=y&hl=id&id=zXOieN3RW80C&q = Entman, R. M. (2007). Framing bias: Media in the distribution of power. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460- 2466.2006.00336.x Entman, R. M., & Usher, N. (2023). Framing in a Fractured Democracy: Impacts of Digital Technology on Ideology, Power and Cascading Network Activation. Journal of Communication, 68(2), 298–308. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx019 Fong, K., & Smales, L. A. (2025). U.S . Presidential news coverage : Risk , uncertainty and stocks. International Review of Economics and Finance, 98(October 2024). Gionfriddo, M. R., Owens, K. M., Banks, H., Sherigar, A., & Covvey, J. R. (2024). An IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 6519 analysis of national news coverage of semaglutide for weight loss. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 65(1), 102297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102297 Guenther, L., Jörges, S., Mahl, D., & Brüggemann, M. (2024). Framing as a Bridging Concept for Climate Change Communication: A Systematic Review Based on 25 Years of Literature. Communication Research, 51(4), 367–391. https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502221137165 Hafidli, M. N., Nur, R., Lestari Sasmita, D., Nurazhari, L., Rahisa, N., & Putri, G. (2023). Analisis Framing Model Robert Entman Tentang Kasus Kanjuruhan Di Detikcom Dan Bbc News. JIS: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, 3(1), 2548–4893. Hanief, L., & Ainani, M. (2024). Framing Analysis of Israel-Palestine Conflict News on Online Media Detik.com and Republika.co.id. Jurnal Kajian Jurnalisme, 8(1), 86–98. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkj.v8i1.53602 Hanifah, H., Sutjipto, V. W., Anindhita, W., Science, C., Program, S., & Jakarta, U. N. (2024). Israel-HAMAS Conflict on Al Jazeera and Fox News : Pan and Kosicki ’ s Framing Analysis. Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 236–257. https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.14.2.2024.236-257 Hardilla, M. Z. (2024). A Comparison of Robert Entman’s Framing of Netanyahu’s Arrest News on Aljazeera Online News Media and CNN Arabic *. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/BS_JPBSP/article/view/75383 Ibrahim, M., Wang, B., Xu, M., & Xu, H. (2025). A multidimensional analysis of media framing in the Russia-Ukraine war. Journal of Computational Social Science, 8(2), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00363-1 Ilmi, D., Maulana, U. I. N., & Ibrahim, M. (2024). Media Framing of Technological Advancement and Human Rights to Saudi Arabia ’ s NEOM Project. 9(2). Ismayanti, D., & Syam, A. T. (2022). The Community Manipulation through Big Brother’ s Tyranny in George Orwell’ s Nineteen Eighty-Four. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 10(2), 1556â-1569. Ismaı̇l Duman, T., & Halıṫ Yolcu, F. (2023). Two Tales of One War: Understanding the Media Coverage of the Yemeni Civil War in Saudi Arabia and Qatar. International Journal of Communication, 17, 5554–5573. http://ijoc.org. Jaber, F. (2025). Framing Pro-Palestine Protests: A Comparative Analysis of News Coverage by The Guardian and USA Today. Studies in Media and Communication, 13(1), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.v13i1.7245 Jinah, N., Lee, K. Y., Zakaria, N. H., Zakaria, N., & Ismail, M. (2024). Media framing on news of the Hartal Doktor Kontrak (HDK) movement in Malaysia: a quantitative content analysis of two Malaysian newspapers. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599- 024-03158-3 Muhammad Nur, Abdul Basid Framing Comparison of Netanyahu's Denial of the Gaza Famine in Al Jazeera and CNN Arabic 6520 Kagaya, S., Widmar, N. O., & Kilders, V. (2025). The price of attention: An analysis of the intersection of media coverage and public sentiments about eggs and egg prices. Poultry Science, 104(1), 104482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104482 Kerrigan, P., McCartan, A., Kerins, C., Furey, S., Kelly, C., & Vaughan, E. (2024). Between headlines and hunger: Media framing of food poverty on the island of Ireland. Media, Culture and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437241299342 Khalil, H. A. (2025). Master Thesis A Descriptive Analysis of Al Jazeera ’ s Coverage of the October 2023 Gaza War Keywords. In Linneaus university (Vol. 1, Issue October). Komdigi. (2020). Blokir 6.000 Situs Hoax, Kemkominfo: Penyebaran Paling Tinggi di Januari. Kementerian Komunikasi Dan Digital. https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/pengumuman/detail/blokir-6-000-situs- hoax-kemkominfo-penyebaran-paling-tinggi-di-januari Lindgren, E., Lindholm, T., Vliegenthart, R., Boomgaarden, H. G., Damstra, A., Strömbäck, J., & Tsfati, Y. (2024). Trusting the Facts: The Role of Framing, News Media as a (Trusted) Source, and Opinion Resonance for Perceived Truth in Statistical Statements. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990221117117 Malkawi, R. J., Fareh, S. I., & Rabab’ah, G. (2024). Framing the shooting of Al Jazeera journalist Shireen Abu Akleh in English and Arabic news headlines: a critical discourse study. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03784-x Matthew B. Miles, A. Michael Huberman, J. S. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis A Methods Sourcebook. In SAGE (3rd ed.). Murti, K., Musdalifah, F. S., Andarinini, R. S., & Izzudin, M. (2023). Mass Media Framing on Disaster: Case Study Landfire in South Sumatera. Natapraja, 11(1), 70–81. https://doi.org/10.21831/natapraja.v11i1.54904 Nainggolan, I. D. P., Widyawan, P. A., Akbar, N., K, L. F., & Sholihatin, E. (2023). Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Puan Maharani Terdahap Isu Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Cipta Kerja Di Portal Berita Kompas.Com Dan Detik.Com Pada Edisi Oktober 2020. Sabda : Jurnal Sastra Dan Bahasa, 1(2), 1–14. Nguyen, D., & Hekman, E. (2024). The news framing of artificial intelligence: a critical exploration of how media discourses make sense of automation. AI and Society, 39(2), 437–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01511-1 Nugraha, Muhammad Riyadi, A. M. (2025). AL-LISAN : JURNAL BAHASA The Reporting of Sudanese Refugee Movements to Chad on Aljazeera . net : A Critical Discourse Analysis from Theo Van Leeuwen ’ s Perspective. Al-Lisan: Jurnal Bahasa, 18–29. Oelrich, S., & Siebold, N. (2024). Media framing in Wirecard’s fraud scandal: Facts, IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 6521 failures, and spying fraudster fantasies. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 100(June), 102755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2024.102755 Permadi, D. (2024). Analysis of Media Framing on Indonesian Constitutional Court’s Decision Regarding Presidential and Vice Presidential Age Limits. Legal Brif, 12(6), 471–478. Pohan, S., Sari, R., & Maisyarah, M. (2023). Pembingkaian Bobby Nasution pada SINDOnews.com dalam Mengatasi Banjir dan Kemacetan di Kota Medan. MUKASI: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 2(2), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.54259/mukasi.v2i2.1559 Putri, S. R., & Hariyanto, D. (2024). A Framing Analysis of Reporting on Student Actions to Forcefullu Expel Rohingya in Tirto . id and BBC Indonesia. Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities International Conference On Emerging New Media and Social Science A, 0672(c), 79–91. https://pssh.umsida.ac.id/index.php/pssh/article/view/592 Rahman, F. A., & Salma, R. (2024). Analyzing Media Representations of Terrorist Attacks Against Muslims: A Comparative Content Analysis of the Christchurch Mosque Attacks on BBC, Al Jazeera, and Al Arabiya Websites. International Journal of Communication, 18, 1811–1829. Ramadhan, D. A., Hamid, S. S. N., & Kusumadinata, A. A. (2023). Analisis framing pemberitaan media Narasi tentang tragedi Kanjuruhan Malang. Karimah Tauhid, 2(1), 51–59. https://ojs.unida.ac.id/karimahtauhid/article/view/7628 Rendon, H. (2024). News Media Representations: Audience Perceptions of News Frames About Latinxs and Hispanics. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 101(1), 20–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990231217476 Ricciardelli, R., Stoddart, M., & Austin, H. (2024). News media framing of correctional officers: “Corrections is so Negative, we don’t get any Good Recognition.” Crime, Media, Culture, 20(1), 40–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/17416590231168337 Setiawan, B., Pawito, P., Hastjarjo, S., & Saputro, E. P. N. (2024). Media Ownership and Its Role in Shaping News: Analysing Republika’s 1999 and 2021 Coverage in Light of the 2024 Gaza Genocide. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 40(3), 281–296. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2024- 4003-16 Setiawan, G. B. R., Mayasari, & Yusup, E. (2023). Analisis Framing Model Robert Entman Mengenai Media Online Kompas.Com Dan Liputan6.Com Dalam Menampilkan Tayangan Pemberitaan Tenggelamnya Jakarta Tahun 2023- 2050. Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial. Seungwoo. (2024). Media framing in the digital age: Interplay of real estate and welfare narratives in South Korean news articles. Heliyon, 10(5), e25696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25696 Muhammad Nur, Abdul Basid Framing Comparison of Netanyahu's Denial of the Gaza Famine in Al Jazeera and CNN Arabic 6522 Shahzad, F., Qazi, T. A., & Shehzad, R. (2023). Framing of Israel and Palestine Conflict in RT news, Al-Jazeera, CNN & BBC News. Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI(II), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2023(vi-ii).01 Sri, A., Sihite, R., Viola, N., Sijabat, V., & Rohma, P. N. (2024). Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Media Online cnnindonesia.com dan kompas.com terhadap Kasus Sidang Mahkamah Konstitusi, Bawaslu DKI Mengenai Pelanggaran Pemilu 2024. Tuturlogi: Journal of Sotheast Asian Communication, 5(2), 63–73. Van Hulst, M., Metze, T., Dewulf, A., de Vries, J., van Bommel, S., & van Ostaijen, M. (2024). Discourse, framing and narrative: three ways of doing critical, interpretive policy analysis. Critical Policy Studies, 19(1), 74–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2024.2326936 Wienanto, S. A. (2024). Pengakuan Jurnalis soal Bias Media Barat atas Konflik Palestina-Israel. TEMPO. https://www.tempo.co/internasional/pengakuan- jurnalis-soal-bias-media-barat-atas-konflik-palestina-israel-- 1739#google_vignette Zawawi, M., Jambak, M. R., Hasanah, U., & Basid, A. (2024). Framing of Hamas Attacks on Israel in Al-Jazeera and BBCCoverage. Eralingua: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Asing Dan Sastra, 8(1), 81–94. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/eralingua/article/view/59353 Zeler, I., Rodriguez-Amat, J. R., & Muhammad Amir, R. (2025). A computational analysis of the media coverage of the European Parliament’s ‘green’’ Designation on sustainable energy and climate change.’ Energy Policy, 202(October 2024), 114592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114592