The particular dialect or language that a person chooses to use on any occasion is called a code 6333 Copyright © 2025 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo IDEAS Journal on Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 13, Number 2, December 2025 pp. 6333 - 6344 The Heroic Value of Characters in Jalu Kancana's Kekal Novel and Its Application in Learning Indonesian Language and Literature in Senior High School Sulis¹, Efendi², Ade Nurul Izatti³, Gazali⁴, Nirmayanti⁵ 1,2,3,4,5Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, FKIP Universitas Tadulako Corresponding E-Mail: sulissftry@gmail.com Received: 2025-10-29 Accepted: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.24256/ideas. v13i2.8310 Abstract This research examines heroic values in Jalu Kancana's novel Kekal and explores their pedagogical application in Indonesian Language and Literature learning at SMA Negeri 1 Parigi. Using Sugiyono's theoretical framework, the study analyzes five elements of heroism: sensitivity, sincerity, love, sacrifice, and unity as manifested through the novel's main characters. A qualitative descriptive approach with content analysis methodology was employed to identify and categorize heroic values within the narrative. The analysis revealed 69 instances of heroic values across five categories: sensitivity (22 data), sincerity (8 data), love (6 data), sacrifice (13 data), and unity (20 data). These heroic values were subsequently examined through an educational lens, yielding applications in moral education (hard work: 20 citations; discipline: 8 citations; independence: 6 citations) and social education (cooperation: 13 citations; compassion: 20 citations). The predominance of hard work, compassion, and cooperation values demonstrates the novel's emphasis on environmental activism and collective action. The findings indicate that Kekal effectively integrates heroic values with environmental consciousness, making it suitable as teaching material for Indonesian Language and Literature curriculum at the senior high school level. The novel's thematic focus on nature conservation aligns with character education objectives while providing authentic literary content for analyzing moral messages in fiction. This research contributes to Indonesian literary studies by examining contemporary representations of heroism within environmental literature and demonstrating practical applications for secondary education. Keywords: Heroic Values, Kekal Novel, Educational Application, Environmental Literature, Indonesian Literature Learning http://u.lipi.go.id/1457703302 mailto:sulissftry@gmail.com Sulis, Efendi, Ade Nurul Izatti, Gazali, Nirmayanti The Heroic Value of Characters in Jalu Kancana's Kekal Novel and Its Application in Learning Indonesian Language and Literature in Senior High School 6334 Introduction Environmental degradation has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges facing contemporary society, prompting Indonesian literature to engage increasingly with ecological themes. Literary works serve not merely as artistic expressions but as vehicles for moral education and social transformation, particularly when they address urgent societal concerns. The novel Kekal by Jalu Kancana exemplifies this intersection of environmental advocacy and literary artistry, presenting heroism through the lens of nature conservation and collective resistance against ecological destruction. Literature functions as both aesthetic creation and pedagogical tool, offering readers opportunities for self-reflection, entertainment, and moral development. Beyond providing aesthetic pleasure, literary works embed values that shape readers' worldviews and behaviors. The educational potential of novels becomes particularly significant in the context of formal education, where carefully selected literary texts can foster character development and critical consciousness among students. Kekal demonstrates this potential through its portrayal of environmental activists struggling to protect the Ciharus Forest within the Kamojang Nature Reserve Area from exploitation by geothermal mining companies. The selection of Kekal for this study stems from its thematic emphasis on environmental protection, a topic increasingly relevant given widespread ecological degradation and insufficient environmental awareness among students and society. The novel addresses a critical gap in character education by modeling positive attitudes toward environmental stewardship through its protagonists' actions. Environmental consciousness, independence, cooperation, and moral responsibility—values central to the narrative—align with educational objectives outlined in the Indonesian national curriculum for senior high schools. Thus, Kekal serves dual purposes: as a compelling literary work and as pedagogical material that cultivates environmental ethics and civic responsibility. Educational values embedded within literary works can significantly influence students' moral and social development. The characters in Kekal exemplify qualities essential for contemporary citizenship: moral courage, collaborative problem-solving, and commitment to collective welfare. These attributes prove increasingly important in an educational landscape that prioritizes not only academic achievement but also character formation. Quality education requires complex integration of learning experiences that develop students' capacity to interact responsibly with their social and natural environments. Kekal provides such integration through its narrative of environmental activism. Novels constitute a major genre within prose fiction, characterized by extended narrative structures that explore human experience through complex characterization and plot development. The term "novel" derives from the Italian novella, meaning "a story" or "piece of news." Unlike short stories, novels offer expansive treatment of themes, characters, and conflicts without structural IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 6335 limitations of brevity or verse (Arifin, 2023; Suprayitno, 2023; Septina et al., 2024; Ratna et al., 2021). This extended format enables novelists to develop intricate portrayals of human life, exploring how individuals navigate relationships, environments, and moral dilemmas (Zulfitriyani, 2022). Social conflict frequently drives novelistic narrative, creating interest through tension between characters, values, or worldviews. Novels illuminate human problems through characters' interactions with their environments and communities, revealing complexities of daily existence. As Nurgiyantoro notes, novels construct imaginative worlds—models of life formed through intrinsic elements including plot, characterization, setting, and perspective (Renmaur & Rutumalessy, 2020). These elements combine to create coherent fictional universes that reflect, critique, and reimagine reality. Through such imaginative construction, novels address complex social, economic, political, and ethical issues that resist simple resolution. Kekal engages particularly with environmental and political conflicts surrounding natural resource exploitation. The novel follows Alit Sastera, a university student and conservationist, who leads the Save Ciharus group in defending the Ciharus Forest from destructive mining operations. The narrative begins with grassroots environmental awareness campaigns but escalates following violent attacks against activists, including the death of group member Nugi. Evidence emerges of governmental complicity in violating protected status of the nature reserve, intensifying the moral stakes of the protagonists' resistance. Despite threats and intimidation, Alit and his companions persist in their struggle, demonstrating courage and commitment to environmental preservation. This conflict structure provides rich material for examining heroic values—a central concern of this research. According to Thoha (2021), values represent beliefs that humans attach meaning to, serving as behavioral reference points. Heroic values specifically encompass qualities enabling individuals to confront challenges courageously in defense of moral principles. Izatti (n.d.) emphasizes that genuine ethical behavior stems from internal moral awareness rather than external compulsion. Kekal illustrates this concept through characters who act not from obligation or reward-seeking but from deep commitment to environmental justice. Such portrayals offer readers, particularly youth, models for ethical action rooted in conviction rather than convenience. Heroism traditionally involves valor, sacrifice, and commitment to truth or justice. Building on this foundation, Sugiyono identifies five constitutive elements of heroic value: sensitivity, sincerity, love, sacrifice, and unity (in Juniati, 2017). These elements need not manifest through physical strength or dramatic display; rather, heroism emerges through moral courage, compassion, and principled action accessible to anyone. Kekal embodies these elements through characters who demonstrate environmental sensitivity, sincere dedication to conservation, love for nature, willingness to sacrifice personal safety, and collaborative solidarity. Sulis, Efendi, Ade Nurul Izatti, Gazali, Nirmayanti The Heroic Value of Characters in Jalu Kancana's Kekal Novel and Its Application in Learning Indonesian Language and Literature in Senior High School 6336 Despite Kekal's significance within contemporary Indonesian literature and its treatment of pressing environmental themes, limited scholarly attention has focused specifically on its representation of heroic values. Existing research has employed structural, semiotic, and moral analyses of the novel, yet gaps remain in understanding how heroism operates within environmental narratives and how such literary representations might inform educational practice. This study addresses these gaps by systematically analyzing heroic values in Kekal and examining their pedagogical applications. The research responds to three specific questions: First, what heroic values are represented in Kekal, and how do characters embody Sugiyono's five elements of heroism? Second, how can these heroic values be interpreted through frameworks of moral and social education? Third, how might Kekal function as teaching material within Indonesian Language and Literature curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Parigi, particularly for developing students' environmental awareness and character? By addressing these questions, this study contributes to Indonesian literary scholarship while demonstrating practical applications for secondary education, bridging critical analysis and pedagogical innovation. Method This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze the heroic values contained in the novel "Kekal" by Jalu Kancana and examine their applicability in Indonesian Language and Literature learning at SMA Negeri 1 Parigi. This methodological approach was chosen because the research focuses on exploring, describing, and interpreting the characteristics of heroism shown by the characters in the novel, as well as understanding how these values can be meaningfully integrated into educational contexts and applied in everyday life. The primary data source for this research is the novel "Kekal" by Jalu Kancana, published in 2019 by Mojok Publisher, comprising 247 pages. This novel was selected as the main object of analysis due to its explicit representation of heroic values through characters' actions, dialogue, and narrative development, particularly in the context of environmental activism and social responsibility. Secondary data sources include relevant theoretical frameworks on heroic values from Sugiyono (in Juniati, 2017) and educational values from Nurgiyantoro (2023), as well as curriculum documents from SMA Negeri 1 Parigi to establish the alignment between the novel's content and educational standards. Data collection was conducted through close reading and textual analysis techniques. The researcher systematically read the entire novel multiple times to identify quotations, dialogues, narrative descriptions, and character actions that demonstrate heroic values. Each identified instance was documented with specific page references and contextual information. The data collection process involved: (a) Initial reading: Gaining comprehensive understanding of the novel's plot, themes, and character development (b) Targeted reading: Identifying specific textual IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 6337 evidence related to the five heroic elements (sensitivity, sincerity, love, sacrifice, and unity) (c) Documentation: Recording exact quotations with page numbers and contextual notes (d) Supplementary data gathering: Conducting observations and consultations with two Indonesian Language and Literature teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Parigi to assess the educational applicability of the findings. The analytical framework employed a content analysis method structured around two primary theoretical lenses. First, Sugiyono's framework (in Juniati, 2017) identifying five elements of heroic values: sensitivity (kepekaan), sincerity (keikhlasan), love (cinta kasih), sacrifice (pengorbanan), and unity (persatuan). Second, Nurgiyantoro's (2023) educational value categories encompassing moral education and social education values. The analysis process consisted of several systematic stages: (a) Coding and categorization: Each quotation containing heroic or educational values was assigned to one or more of the five heroic value categories (b) Thematic grouping: Data were further organized into educational value subcategories: hard work, discipline, independence, cooperation, and affection (c) Interpretation: Each coded instance was analyzed to explain how the textual evidence reflects the specific heroic or educational value (d) Quantification: The total instances were counted, resulting in 69 data points distributed across the value categories (e) Educational alignment analysis: The identified values were mapped against Indonesian Language and Literature curriculum competencies for senior high school level. The categorization process involved careful consideration of context, character motivation, and narrative significance. For instance, a single quotation might demonstrate multiple values simultaneously, requiring nuanced interpretation to determine the primary heroic element being illustrated. Result The results of the research analysis of the novel Kekal by Jalu Kancana used two theories, namely in the first theory according to Sugiyono (in and Juniati 2017), the value of heroism contains five elements, namely sensitivity, sincerity, love, sacrifice and unity. And the second theory is that educational values are divided into two according to (Nurgyantoro 2023), including the value of moral education and the value of social education. This shows that the researcher managed to find and collect as many as 69 data that contained various heroic values of characters in the eternal novel and applied in the learning of Indonesian language and literature. The data is grouped based on the five main values of heroic values, namely sensitivity, sincerity, love, sacrifice, and unity. The details of the results of the study are as follows: a. The Sensitivity Value is 22 data that describe the sensitivity of the characters to the environment, social situations, and threats faced. This value can be seen from the figure's awareness of the importance of protecting nature, reading dangerous situations, and caring for various forms of environmental damage. b. The value of Sincerity is 8 data that shows the sincerity of the character in Sulis, Efendi, Ade Nurul Izatti, Gazali, Nirmayanti The Heroic Value of Characters in Jalu Kancana's Kekal Novel and Its Application in Learning Indonesian Language and Literature in Senior High School 6338 fighting without expecting anything in return, but based on inner motivation and moral responsibility. An example is the willingness of the character to devote his life to protecting the environment and continuing the struggle of his ancestors. c. The value of Love is 6 data that symbolize affection and devotion to nature, fellow humans, and culture. A protective attitude towards the vulnerable and a devotion to the beauty of nature signifies heroic and deep love. d. The value of sacrifice is 13 data that reflect the courage and readiness of figures to bear risks, losses, and difficulties in order to preserve the environment and protect others. This sacrifice includes physical, emotional, and material aspects. e. The United Value is 20 data that shows cooperation, solidarity, and determination between figures and groups in the joint struggle to preserve the environment and face threats. This value signifies the importance of collaboration in achieving noble goals. This result indicates that the Eternal novel will depict heroic values that not only reflect the heroic attitude of the individual, but also show social and humanitarian values that can be used as an example by the reader. The novel effectively presents characters who have a high awareness of moral responsibility to the environment and others, as well as show the integration of spiritual, emotional, and social values in the struggle to protect nature and social justice. Overall, the study found. Based on the main source of research, namely the heroic value of the characters in the eternal novel by jalu kancana and its application in learning Indonesian language and literature at SMA Negeri 1 Parigi with a focus on heroic values and the value of moral education and social education, the results of the data must be in accordance with the quotes contained in the novel. The results of the study are heroic values which contain 69 data and are applied in language and literature learning which are divided into two values, namely, the value of moral education which has three aspects, namely the value of hard work, the value of discipline, the value of independence, and social education which amounts to two aspects, namely the value of cooperation, and the value of affection. The data will be described in the overall research results, which will later be explained in more detail in the grouping of research results. Discussion This study discusses and analyzes the heroic values contained in the Eternal novel; the author of the novel "Kekal" is Jalu Kancana. The novel was published in 2019 by publisher Mojok and has 247 pages. Jalu Kancana is known as a writer and activist who raises environmental issues in his works, including the novel Kekal which tells the story of the struggle of environmental activists in dealing with the IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 6339 exploitation of nature reserve areas. Based on data obtained from the novel Kekal, this analysis aims to explain how these heroic values are reflected in the actions and characters of the main characters in the novel Kekal by Jalu Kancana. The following will be discussed and analyzed the various forms of heroic values that arise through the sensitivity, sincerity, love, sacrifice and unity of the characters. Table 4. An Analysis Study of the Heroic Value of the Characters in the Eternal Work Novel Jalu Kancana. No Heroic Values Findings in Novels Analysis 1 Sensitive Alit and Save Cikudu members must immediately realize the devastating impact of forest exploitation and feel called to action. Showing social and environmental sensitivity as a form of deep concern. 2 Sincere The Save Cikudu group must work voluntarily without expecting anything in return, despite facing threats. The value of sincerity is reflected in pure devotion for the preservation of nature. 3 Love Alit's love for the Ciharus forest was the main motivation for his struggle. Love as an emotional force encourages heroic action. 4 Sacrifice One of the group's members died during the campaign, and Alit continued the struggle despite being threatened. Sacrifice is a testament to courage and dedication to a greater cause. 5 Unite Save Cici members must always discuss strategies and support each other. Unity strengthens resistance and increases the group's fighting power. 4.1.1 Analysis of Sensitive Values and Heroic Values of Characters in the Eternal Novel by Jalu Kancana Based on the theoretical framework that has been described, according to Sugiyono (in and Juniati 2017), the value of heroism contains five elements, namely Sensitivity according to the great Indonesian dictionary that sensitivity is easy to feel. Sensitivity can also be used as a feeling of caring for what happens in the surrounding environment. Dates (1) "Sidewalks and highways are strewn with garbage. The peaks and trails are filled with millions of plastic waste; Waste is discharged into the river by factories. Pollution is blown into the air. That's how human beings are, destroyers; "Waste is discharged into the river by factories." (Friends, 2019:10) Sulis, Efendi, Ade Nurul Izatti, Gazali, Nirmayanti The Heroic Value of Characters in Jalu Kancana's Kekal Novel and Its Application in Learning Indonesian Language and Literature in Senior High School 6340 Beautiful natural areas such as the Puncak tourist area, the Kamojang nature reserve, and the slopes of Mount Kerinci, are now filled with garbage, especially plastic waste. The natural beauty that should be preserved is now eroded by the sight of plastic food bottles, bags, and wrappers scattered in rivers, hiking trails, and forest borders. In addition to damaging aesthetics, human carelessness in maintaining cleanliness endangers the balance of ecosystems and habitats of wildlife and plants. The heroic value of sensitivity, namely the knowledge to preserve, care for, and uphold the sacredness of nature for future generations, is crucial in this situation. 4.1.2 Analysis of the Sincere and Heroic Values of Characters in the Eternal Novel by Jalu Kancana According to Sugiyono (in and Juniati 2017), the value of heroism contains five elements, namely: Sincerity, Ikhas is an attitude of deeds that arise because of one's own desire, not because of one's own desire, not because of the orders or coercion of others. If you do something because you expect a reward from a certain party, it is not sincere. Data (23) "The last day was in the forest around Lake Ciharus, the Nature Reserve area Kamojang, it is a tragedy, we lost Nugi" (Kancana, 2019:13). The quote that we lost on the last day in the forest of the Kamojang Nature Reserve area near Lake Ciharus. Nugi's determination to accept the death of his friend for a struggle to protect nature is an illustration of the heroic meaning of honesty. This sincerity is a form of tenacity that makes him able to carry out his goals even though he has to experience deep sadness, not a sign of surrender. The willingness to sacrifice and prioritize the preservation of nature over personal interests is shown by the figure. The loss of those closest to them who are also fighting is one of the sacrifices that is often needed in the struggle to save the environment, as affirmed by the heroic value of sincerity. 4.1.3 Analysis of Love Values and Heroic Values of Characters in Eternal Novels by Jalu Kancana According to Setyani's opinion in (Reynaldi 2024), who said that the four heroic values in leadership are self-awareness, intelligence, love, and heroism. Dates (31) "The drizzle is drizzling with a typical mountain atmosphere. Perhaps, the smell of petrichors makes it so." (Friends, 2019:75). The heroic value of love raises people's sensitivity in enjoying and appreciating the beauty of nature, even if only through rain and drizzle, reflecting the value of heroic love. These figures show a sincere and deep love for the environment, IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 6341 a love that arises from an understanding of the value of harmony between humans and nature, not a love that demands reciprocity. Because this love demands the sacrifice of time and attention to preserve and care for fragile nature, this type of love is heroic. 4.1.4 Analysis of the Value of Sacrifice and the Heroic Value of Characters in the Eternal Novel by Jalu Kancana According to the opinion of Putro (2014), who states that the value of heroism stems from an action in which there is a sense of self-courage, patience and sacrifice from a person who is willing to sacrifice for the sake of achieving the desired goal based on an attitude of selflessness. Data (37) "An area of 10,000 hectares of trees was felled down, the habitats of animals were evicted" (Kancana, 2019:34) This quote includes heroic ideals associated with significant sacrifice for the greater good. Within the framework of heroic ideals, sacrifice includes not only the body and soul but also the environment and other living beings to ensure human survival or progress. The courage to make difficult choices that have far-reaching effects, even at the expense of the environment and animal habitats, is a reflection of this heroic value. Because heroes are ready to sacrifice for the freedom and welfare of the country, this sacrifice shows a responsible attitude and courage to face the consequences for a better future. To maintain balance and try to repair the damage so as not to hurt future generations, this sacrifice also requires awareness. 4.1.5 Analysis of the Unity and Heroic Values of Characters in the Eternal Novel by Jalu Kancana According to Sugiyono (in and Juniati 2017), the value of heroism contains five elements, namely unity. According to the great dictionary, united Indonesian is to gather, agree. Bersatu can also be said to unite all opinions to reach an agreement. Data (50) "They demonstrated to fight for the forest of the city of Bandung that was the former Palaguna building. They care about urban planning, not forest planning!" (Friends, 2019:45). The heroic ideals of shared concern for the environment and sustainable urban planning were shown in the demonstration to defend the Bandung City Forest, the former Palaguna building. The unanimity of the protesters in opposing the conversion of green open spaces into concrete buildings shows a strong sense of solidarity and collaboration for the common good, not for individual or collective benefit. When various aspects of society come together to preserve natural heritage for the benefit of present and future generations, this mindset illustrates the heroic Sulis, Efendi, Ade Nurul Izatti, Gazali, Nirmayanti The Heroic Value of Characters in Jalu Kancana's Kekal Novel and Its Application in Learning Indonesian Language and Literature in Senior High School 6342 virtue of unity. They are fighting not only for forests, but also for a sustainable and healthy city of the future. Conclusion This research succeeded in identifying and analyzing the heroic values contained in the novel Kekal by Jalu Kancana. An analysis of the main characters, especially Alit, reveals five main heroic elements: sensitivity, sincerity, love, sacrifice, and unity. Sensitivity is shown through awareness of environmental damage and concern for flora and fauna. Sincerity is reflected in selfless hard work for the preservation of nature. Love is shown through compassion and deep concern for the environment. Sacrifice is manifested through brave and willing actions to sacrifice for a noble cause. The spirit of unity can be seen in the cooperation and collaboration of Save Ciharus members in facing challenges. This novel not only presents a story of struggle, but also provides inspiration about the importance of heroic values in real life. From this study, it is clear that Eternal Rich has moral and social values that are relevant to daily life. The heroism depicted in this work can be a lesson for future generations, especially in the context of environmental challenges. In addition, this research contributes to the progress of Indonesian literature, especially in understanding the representation of heroism in contemporary literature. The results of this research are expected to be a reference for future research and provide a deeper understanding of the concept of heroism in certain contexts. And based on the results of research on the heroic value of characters in the eternal novel by Jalu Kancana and its application in the expenditure of Indonesian language and literature at SMA Negeri 1 Parigi, the author can conclude the research as follows: The research found the educational value of Jalu Kancana's eternal novel, which is in the form of moral education and social education value. In the first study, the value of moral education consists of four aspects, including the value of hard work, the value of discipline, the value of independence, and the value of cooperation. While in the second study, namely the value of social education, in this value the researcher found only one aspect, namely the value of affection. The value of moral education is a guide and assessment of actions and actions that can be acknowledged or not allowed to be done in society. The value of moral and social education is very important for the sustainability of life in a society. From the results of the analysis of the educational value in the eternal novel by Jalu Kancana, the research found that this study can be used as a teaching material for Indonesian learning at SMA Negeri 1 Parigi because it has a relationship in social life such as, analyzing the message of a fiction book that is read, in this material students analyze the message contained in the eternal novel by Jalu Kancana, then after that students can interpret the message, that the values contained in the IDEAS, Vol. 13, No. 2, December 2025 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 6343 eternal novel by Jalu Kancana can be used as a guideline for students in real life, teachers teach that the value of hard work, the value of discipline, the value of independence, the value of cooperation, and the value of affection must be owned by students because it can support a sense of sensitivity to the environment, and will also make him aware that life must behave well, and can be respected by those around him. 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