id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
iaajah-7968	1	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	1	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	1	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	1	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	1	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	1	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	1	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	1	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	1	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	1	10	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	1	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	2	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	2	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	3	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	3	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	3	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	3	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	3	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	3	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	3	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	3	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	3	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	3	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	3	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	3	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	3	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	3	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	3	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	3	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	3	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	3	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	3	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	3	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	3	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	4	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	4	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	4	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	4	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	4	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	4	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	4	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	4	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	4	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	4	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	4	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	22	institute	institute	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	23	63	63	NUM
iaajah-7968	4	24	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	4	25	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	4	26	history	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	27	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	4	28	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	29	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	30	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	4	31	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	4	32	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	33	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	4	34	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	4	35	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	36	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	4	37	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	4	38	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	39	delta	delta	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	40	moses	moses	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	41	tivlumun	tivlumun	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	42	korinya	korinya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	43	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	4	44	phd	phd	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	45	department	department	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	46	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	4	47	history	history	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	48	&	&	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	4	49	international	international	ADJ
iaajah-7968	4	50	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	51	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	4	52	veritas	verita	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	53	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	54	abuja	abuja	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	55	abstract	abstract	VERB
iaajah-7968	4	56	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	4	57	paper	paper	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	58	examines	examine	VERB
iaajah-7968	4	59	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	4	60	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	4	61	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	62	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	4	63	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	64	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	65	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	4	66	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	4	67	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	4	68	people	people	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	69	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	4	70	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	4	71	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	4	72	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	4	73	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	74	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	4	75	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	76	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	4	77	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	4	78	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	79	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	4	80	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	4	81	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	4	82	focus	focus	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	83	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	4	84	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	85	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	4	86	defence	defence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	87	strategies	strategy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	88	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	4	89	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	4	90	militarized	militarized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	4	91	interactions	interaction	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	92	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	4	93	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	4	94	precolonial	precolonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	4	95	era	era	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	96	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	4	97	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	4	98	postindependence	postindependence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	99	period	period	NOUN
iaajah-7968	4	100	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	5	1	drawing	draw	VERB
iaajah-7968	5	2	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	5	3	oral	oral	ADJ
iaajah-7968	5	4	histories	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	5	6	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	5	7	archives	archive	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	5	9	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	5	10	secondary	secondary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	5	11	literature	literature	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	5	13	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	5	14	study	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	15	traces	trace	VERB
iaajah-7968	5	16	how	how	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	5	17	traditional	traditional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	5	18	warfare	warfare	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	19	practices	practice	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	5	21	territorial	territorial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	5	22	disputes	dispute	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	5	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	5	25	shifting	shift	VERB
iaajah-7968	5	26	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	27	shaped	shape	VERB
iaajah-7968	5	28	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	5	29	historical	historical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	5	30	landscape	landscape	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	31	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	5	32	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	5	33	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	34	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	5	35	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	36	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	5	37	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	5	38	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	5	39	kalabari	kalabari	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	40	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	5	41	etche	etche	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	42	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	5	43	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	5	44	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	5	45	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	5	46	okrika	okrika	NOUN
iaajah-7968	5	47	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	6	1	it	it	PRON
iaajah-7968	6	2	explores	explore	VERB
iaajah-7968	6	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	6	4	transformation	transformation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	6	6	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
iaajah-7968	6	7	defence	defence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	8	systems	system	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	9	under	under	ADP
iaajah-7968	6	10	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	6	11	rule	rule	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	6	13	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	6	14	disruptions	disruption	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	15	caused	cause	VERB
iaajah-7968	6	16	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	6	17	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	6	18	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	6	19	civil	civil	ADJ
iaajah-7968	6	20	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	21	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	6	22	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	6	23	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	6	24	emergence	emergence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	25	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	6	26	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	6	27	militias	militia	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	28	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	6	29	youth	youth	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	30	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	6	31	led	lead	VERB
iaajah-7968	6	32	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	33	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	6	34	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	6	35	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	36	boom	boom	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	37	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	6	38	militant	militant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	6	39	insurgencies	insurgency	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	40	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	6	41	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	6	42	late	late	ADJ
iaajah-7968	6	43	20th	20th	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	44	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	6	45	early	early	ADJ
iaajah-7968	6	46	21st	21st	ADJ
iaajah-7968	6	47	centuries	century	NOUN
iaajah-7968	6	48	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	7	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	7	2	paper	paper	NOUN
iaajah-7968	7	3	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	7	4	highlights	highlight	VERB
iaajah-7968	7	5	instances	instance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	7	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	7	7	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	7	8	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	7	9	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	7	10	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	7	11	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	7	12	efforts	effort	NOUN
iaajah-7968	7	13	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	7	14	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	7	15	face	face	NOUN
iaajah-7968	7	16	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	7	17	shared	share	VERB
iaajah-7968	7	18	threats	threat	NOUN
iaajah-7968	7	19	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	8	1	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	8	2	situating	situate	VERB
iaajah-7968	8	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	8	4	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	8	5	experience	experience	NOUN
iaajah-7968	8	6	within	within	ADP
iaajah-7968	8	7	broader	broad	ADJ
iaajah-7968	8	8	patterns	pattern	NOUN
iaajah-7968	8	9	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	8	10	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	8	11	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	8	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	8	13	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	8	14	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	8	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	8	16	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	8	17	study	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	8	18	contributes	contribute	VERB
iaajah-7968	8	19	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	8	20	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	8	21	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	8	22	historiography	historiography	NOUN
iaajah-7968	8	23	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	8	24	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	8	25	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	8	26	underscores	underscore	VERB
iaajah-7968	8	27	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	8	28	enduring	endure	VERB
iaajah-7968	8	29	link	link	NOUN
iaajah-7968	8	30	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	8	31	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	8	32	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	8	33	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	8	34	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	8	35	inter	inter	ADJ
iaajah-7968	8	36	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	8	37	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	8	38	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	8	39	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	8	40	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	9	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
iaajah-7968	9	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	9	3	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	9	4	delta	delta	PROPN
iaajah-7968	9	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	9	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	9	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	9	8	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	9	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	9	10	ikwerre	ikwerre	PROPN
iaajah-7968	9	11	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	9	12	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	9	13	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	9	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	9	15	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	9	16	introduction	introduction	NOUN
iaajah-7968	9	17	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	9	18	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	9	19	delta	delta	PROPN
iaajah-7968	9	20	region	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	9	21	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	9	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	9	23	has	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	9	24	long	long	ADV
iaajah-7968	9	25	been	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	9	26	characterized	characterize	VERB
iaajah-7968	9	27	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	9	28	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	9	29	complex	complex	ADJ
iaajah-7968	9	30	tapestry	tapestry	NOUN
iaajah-7968	9	31	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	9	32	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	9	33	identities	identity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	9	34	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	9	35	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	9	36	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	9	37	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	9	38	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	9	39	militarized	militarized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	9	40	encounters	encounter	NOUN
iaajah-7968	9	41	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	10	1	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	10	2	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	10	3	various	various	ADJ
iaajah-7968	10	4	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	10	5	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	10	6	inhabit	inhabit	VERB
iaajah-7968	10	7	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	10	8	volatile	volatile	ADJ
iaajah-7968	10	9	geopolitical	geopolitical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	10	10	landscape	landscape	NOUN
iaajah-7968	10	11	are	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	10	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	10	13	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	10	14	people	people	NOUN
iaajah-7968	10	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	10	16	located	locate	VERB
iaajah-7968	10	17	primarily	primarily	ADV
iaajah-7968	10	18	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	10	19	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	10	20	heart	heart	NOUN
iaajah-7968	10	21	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	10	22	rivers	river	NOUN
iaajah-7968	10	23	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	10	24	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	11	1	bordered	border	VERB
iaajah-7968	11	2	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	11	3	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	11	4	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	11	5	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	11	6	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	11	7	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	11	8	kalabari	kalabari	NOUN
iaajah-7968	11	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	11	10	etche	etche	NOUN
iaajah-7968	11	11	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	11	12	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	11	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	11	14	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	11	15	okrika	okrika	NOUN
iaajah-7968	11	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	11	17	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	11	18	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	11	19	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	11	20	historically	historically	ADV
iaajah-7968	11	21	engaged	engage	VERB
iaajah-7968	11	22	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	11	23	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	11	24	variety	variety	NOUN
iaajah-7968	11	25	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	11	26	interactions	interaction	NOUN
iaajah-7968	11	27	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	11	28	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	11	29	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
iaajah-7968	11	30	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	11	31	ranging	range	VERB
iaajah-7968	11	32	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	11	33	cooperative	cooperative	ADJ
iaajah-7968	11	34	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	11	35	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	11	36	violent	violent	ADJ
iaajah-7968	11	37	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	11	38	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	12	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	12	2	interactions	interaction	NOUN
iaajah-7968	12	3	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	12	4	not	not	PART
iaajah-7968	12	5	only	only	ADV
iaajah-7968	12	6	shaped	shape	VERB
iaajah-7968	12	7	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	12	8	histories	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	12	9	but	but	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	12	10	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	12	11	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	12	12	influenced	influence	VERB
iaajah-7968	12	13	broader	broad	ADJ
iaajah-7968	12	14	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	12	15	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	12	16	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	12	17	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	13	1	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	13	2	existing	existing	ADJ
iaajah-7968	13	3	literature	literature	NOUN
iaajah-7968	13	4	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	13	5	inter	inter	ADJ
iaajah-7968	13	6	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	13	7	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	13	8	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	13	9	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	13	10	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	13	11	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	13	12	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	13	13	tends	tend	VERB
iaajah-7968	13	14	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	13	15	focus	focus	VERB
iaajah-7968	13	16	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	13	17	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	13	18	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	13	19	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	13	20	economic	economic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	13	21	grievances	grievance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	13	22	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	13	23	particularly	particularly	ADV
iaajah-7968	13	24	those	those	PRON
iaajah-7968	13	25	tied	tie	VERB
iaajah-7968	13	26	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	13	27	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	13	28	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	13	29	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	13	30	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	13	31	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	13	32	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	13	33	less	less	ADJ
iaajah-7968	13	34	attention	attention	NOUN
iaajah-7968	13	35	has	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	13	36	been	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	13	37	given	give	VERB
iaajah-7968	13	38	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	13	39	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	13	40	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	13	41	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	13	42	historical	historical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	13	43	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
iaajah-7968	13	44	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	13	45	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	13	46	relationships	relationship	NOUN
iaajah-7968	13	47	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	14	1	yet	yet	ADV
iaajah-7968	14	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	14	3	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	14	4	precolonial	precolonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	14	5	warrior	warrior	NOUN
iaajah-7968	14	6	traditions	tradition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	14	7	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	14	8	localized	localize	VERB
iaajah-7968	14	9	armed	armed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	14	10	disputes	dispute	NOUN
iaajah-7968	14	11	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	14	12	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	14	13	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	14	14	era	era	NOUN
iaajah-7968	14	15	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	14	16	restructuring	restructuring	NOUN
iaajah-7968	14	17	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	14	18	post	post	ADJ
iaajah-7968	14	19	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	14	20	independence	independence	ADJ
iaajah-7968	14	21	militant	militant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	14	22	insurgencies	insurgency	NOUN
iaajah-7968	14	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	14	24	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	14	25	encounters	encounter	NOUN
iaajah-7968	14	26	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	14	27	played	play	VERB
iaajah-7968	14	28	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	14	29	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	14	30	role	role	NOUN
iaajah-7968	14	31	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	14	32	defining	define	VERB
iaajah-7968	14	33	how	how	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	14	34	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	14	35	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	14	36	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	14	37	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	14	38	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
iaajah-7968	14	39	relate	relate	VERB
iaajah-7968	14	40	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	14	41	each	each	DET
iaajah-7968	14	42	other	other	ADJ
iaajah-7968	14	43	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	15	1	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	15	2	paper	paper	NOUN
iaajah-7968	15	3	explores	explore	VERB
iaajah-7968	15	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	15	5	historical	historical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	15	6	evolution	evolution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	15	7	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	15	8	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	15	9	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	15	10	involving	involve	VERB
iaajah-7968	15	11	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	15	12	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	15	13	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	15	14	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	15	15	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	15	16	history	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	15	17	perspective	perspective	NOUN
iaajah-7968	15	18	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	16	1	it	it	PRON
iaajah-7968	16	2	examines	examine	VERB
iaajah-7968	16	3	how	how	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	16	4	patterns	pattern	NOUN
iaajah-7968	16	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	16	6	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	16	7	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	16	8	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	16	9	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	16	10	shaped	shape	VERB
iaajah-7968	16	11	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	16	12	traditional	traditional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	16	13	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	16	14	structures	structure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	16	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	16	16	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	16	17	pacification	pacification	NOUN
iaajah-7968	16	18	policies	policy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	16	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	16	20	civil	civil	ADJ
iaajah-7968	16	21	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	16	22	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	16	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	16	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	16	25	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	16	26	rise	rise	NOUN
iaajah-7968	16	27	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	16	28	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	16	29	militias	militia	NOUN
iaajah-7968	16	30	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	16	31	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	16	32	late	late	ADJ
iaajah-7968	16	33	20th	20th	ADJ
iaajah-7968	16	34	century	century	NOUN
iaajah-7968	16	35	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	17	1	special	special	ADJ
iaajah-7968	17	2	attention	attention	NOUN
iaajah-7968	17	3	is	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	17	4	given	give	VERB
iaajah-7968	17	5	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	17	6	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	17	7	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	17	8	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	17	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	17	10	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	17	11	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	17	12	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	17	13	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	17	14	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	17	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	17	16	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	17	17	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	17	18	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	18	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	18	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	19	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	19	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	19	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	19	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	19	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	19	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	19	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	19	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	19	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	19	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	19	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	19	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	19	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	19	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	19	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	19	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	19	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	19	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	19	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	19	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	19	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	20	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	20	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	20	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	20	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	20	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	20	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	20	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	20	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	20	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	20	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	20	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	20	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	20	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	20	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	20	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	20	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	20	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	20	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	20	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	20	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	20	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	20	22	institute	institute	NOUN
iaajah-7968	20	23	64	64	NUM
iaajah-7968	20	24	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	20	25	youth	youth	NOUN
iaajah-7968	20	26	movements	movement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	20	27	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	20	28	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	20	29	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	20	30	use	use	NOUN
iaajah-7968	20	31	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	20	32	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	20	33	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	20	34	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	20	35	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	20	36	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	20	37	's	's	PART
iaajah-7968	20	38	role	role	NOUN
iaajah-7968	20	39	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	20	40	managing	manage	VERB
iaajah-7968	20	41	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	20	42	exacerbating	exacerbate	VERB
iaajah-7968	20	43	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	20	44	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	20	45	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	21	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	21	2	paper	paper	NOUN
iaajah-7968	21	3	seeks	seek	VERB
iaajah-7968	21	4	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	21	5	answer	answer	VERB
iaajah-7968	21	6	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	21	7	following	follow	VERB
iaajah-7968	21	8	key	key	ADJ
iaajah-7968	21	9	questions	question	NOUN
iaajah-7968	21	10	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	21	11	first	first	ADV
iaajah-7968	21	12	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	21	13	foremost	foremost	ADV
iaajah-7968	21	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	21	15	how	how	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	21	16	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	21	17	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	21	18	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	21	19	traditionally	traditionally	ADV
iaajah-7968	21	20	engaged	engage	VERB
iaajah-7968	21	21	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	21	22	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	21	23	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	21	24	defence	defence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	21	25	against	against	ADP
iaajah-7968	21	26	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	21	27	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	21	28	?	?	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	22	1	secondly	secondly	ADV
iaajah-7968	22	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	22	3	what	what	DET
iaajah-7968	22	4	impact	impact	NOUN
iaajah-7968	22	5	did	do	AUX
iaajah-7968	22	6	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	22	7	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	22	8	post	post	ADJ
iaajah-7968	22	9	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	22	10	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	22	11	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	22	12	structures	structure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	22	13	have	have	VERB
iaajah-7968	22	14	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	22	15	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	22	16	intergroup	intergroup	ADJ
iaajah-7968	22	17	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	22	18	?	?	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	23	1	lastly	lastly	ADV
iaajah-7968	23	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	23	3	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	23	4	what	what	DET
iaajah-7968	23	5	ways	way	NOUN
iaajah-7968	23	6	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	23	7	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	23	8	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	23	9	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	23	10	militarized	militarized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	23	11	actors	actor	NOUN
iaajah-7968	23	12	influenced	influence	VERB
iaajah-7968	23	13	peace	peace	NOUN
iaajah-7968	23	14	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	23	15	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	23	16	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	23	17	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	23	18	region	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	23	19	?	?	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	24	1	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	24	2	integrating	integrate	VERB
iaajah-7968	24	3	oral	oral	ADJ
iaajah-7968	24	4	histories	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	24	6	archival	archival	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	7	materials	material	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	24	9	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	24	10	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
iaajah-7968	24	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	24	13	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	24	14	study	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	15	contributes	contribute	VERB
iaajah-7968	24	16	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	24	17	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	24	18	growing	grow	VERB
iaajah-7968	24	19	field	field	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	20	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	24	21	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	24	22	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	24	23	history	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	24	25	offers	offer	VERB
iaajah-7968	24	26	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	24	27	more	more	ADV
iaajah-7968	24	28	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
iaajah-7968	24	29	understanding	understanding	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	30	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	24	31	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	24	32	role	role	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	33	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	24	34	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	35	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	24	36	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	37	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	24	38	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	24	39	strategy	strategy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	40	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	24	41	shaping	shape	VERB
iaajah-7968	24	42	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	24	43	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	44	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	24	45	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	24	46	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	47	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	24	48	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	25	1	pre	pre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	2	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	3	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	4	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	5	traditions	tradition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	25	6	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	25	7	conflicts	conflict	VERB
iaajah-7968	25	8	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	25	9	pre	pre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	10	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	11	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	12	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	13	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	25	14	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	25	15	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	25	16	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	25	17	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	25	18	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	25	19	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	20	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	25	21	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	25	22	deeply	deeply	ADV
iaajah-7968	25	23	embedded	embed	VERB
iaajah-7968	25	24	within	within	ADP
iaajah-7968	25	25	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	25	26	broader	broad	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	27	framework	framework	NOUN
iaajah-7968	25	28	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	25	29	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	30	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	31	organization	organization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	25	32	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	25	33	territorial	territorial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	34	identity	identity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	25	35	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	25	36	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	25	37	inter	inter	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	38	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	39	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	25	40	interaction	interaction	NOUN
iaajah-7968	25	41	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	26	1	far	far	ADV
iaajah-7968	26	2	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	26	3	being	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	26	4	isolated	isolate	VERB
iaajah-7968	26	5	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	26	6	static	static	ADJ
iaajah-7968	26	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	26	8	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	26	9	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	26	10	engaged	engage	VERB
iaajah-7968	26	11	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	26	12	complex	complex	ADJ
iaajah-7968	26	13	systems	system	NOUN
iaajah-7968	26	14	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	26	15	defence	defence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	26	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	26	17	warfare	warfare	NOUN
iaajah-7968	26	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	26	19	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	26	20	diplomacy	diplomacy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	26	21	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	26	22	reflected	reflect	VERB
iaajah-7968	26	23	both	both	PRON
iaajah-7968	26	24	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	26	25	geopolitical	geopolitical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	26	26	positioning	positioning	NOUN
iaajah-7968	26	27	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	26	28	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	26	29	sociocultural	sociocultural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	26	30	evolution	evolution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	26	31	over	over	ADP
iaajah-7968	26	32	time	time	NOUN
iaajah-7968	26	33	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	27	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	27	2	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	27	3	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	27	4	shaped	shape	VERB
iaajah-7968	27	5	not	not	PART
iaajah-7968	27	6	only	only	ADV
iaajah-7968	27	7	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	27	8	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	27	9	survival	survival	NOUN
iaajah-7968	27	10	imperatives	imperative	NOUN
iaajah-7968	27	11	but	but	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	27	12	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	27	13	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	27	14	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	27	15	currents	current	NOUN
iaajah-7968	27	16	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	27	17	migration	migration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	27	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	27	19	commerce	commerce	NOUN
iaajah-7968	27	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	27	21	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	27	22	power	power	NOUN
iaajah-7968	27	23	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	27	24	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	28	1	oral	oral	ADJ
iaajah-7968	28	2	traditions	tradition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	28	3	trace	trace	VERB
iaajah-7968	28	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	28	5	ancestry	ancestry	NOUN
iaajah-7968	28	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	28	7	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	28	8	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	28	9	people	people	NOUN
iaajah-7968	28	10	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	28	11	akalaka	akalaka	PROPN
iaajah-7968	28	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	28	13	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	28	14	reputed	reputed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	28	15	benin	benin	PROPN
iaajah-7968	28	16	royal	royal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	28	17	who	who	PRON
iaajah-7968	28	18	migrated	migrate	VERB
iaajah-7968	28	19	east	east	NOUN
iaajah-7968	28	20	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	28	21	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	28	22	sombreiro	sombreiro	NOUN
iaajah-7968	28	23	river	river	NOUN
iaajah-7968	28	24	around	around	ADP
iaajah-7968	28	25	1538	1538	NUM
iaajah-7968	28	26	ce	ce	NOUN
iaajah-7968	28	27	after	after	ADP
iaajah-7968	28	28	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	28	29	familial	familial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	28	30	dispute	dispute	NOUN
iaajah-7968	28	31	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	28	32	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	28	33	benin	benin	PROPN
iaajah-7968	28	34	royal	royal	PROPN
iaajah-7968	28	35	court	court	PROPN
iaajah-7968	28	36	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	28	37	amadi	amadi	NOUN
iaajah-7968	28	38	nna	nna	NOUN
iaajah-7968	28	39	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	28	40	1993	1993	NUM
iaajah-7968	28	41	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	28	42	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	29	1	akalaka	akalaka	PROPN
iaajah-7968	29	2	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	29	3	lineage	lineage	NOUN
iaajah-7968	29	4	gave	give	VERB
iaajah-7968	29	5	rise	rise	NOUN
iaajah-7968	29	6	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	29	7	several	several	ADJ
iaajah-7968	29	8	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	29	9	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	29	10	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	29	11	central	central	ADJ
iaajah-7968	29	12	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	29	13	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	29	14	region	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	29	15	—	—	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	29	16	most	most	ADV
iaajah-7968	29	17	notably	notably	ADV
iaajah-7968	29	18	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	29	19	ekpeye	ekpeye	NOUN
iaajah-7968	29	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	29	21	ogba	ogba	NOUN
iaajah-7968	29	22	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	29	23	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	29	24	iwhnuruọhna	iwhnuruọhna	NOUN
iaajah-7968	29	25	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	29	26	later	later	ADV
iaajah-7968	29	27	known	know	VERB
iaajah-7968	29	28	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	29	29	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	29	30	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	29	31	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	30	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	30	2	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	30	3	gradually	gradually	ADV
iaajah-7968	30	4	settled	settle	VERB
iaajah-7968	30	5	across	across	ADP
iaajah-7968	30	6	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	30	7	locations	location	NOUN
iaajah-7968	30	8	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	30	9	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	30	10	lower	low	ADJ
iaajah-7968	30	11	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	30	12	region	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	30	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	30	14	establishing	establish	VERB
iaajah-7968	30	15	themselves	themselves	PRON
iaajah-7968	30	16	along	along	ADP
iaajah-7968	30	17	crucial	crucial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	30	18	trade	trade	NOUN
iaajah-7968	30	19	arteries	artery	NOUN
iaajah-7968	30	20	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	30	21	ecological	ecological	ADJ
iaajah-7968	30	22	frontiers	frontier	NOUN
iaajah-7968	30	23	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	31	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	31	2	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	31	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	31	4	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	31	5	particular	particular	ADJ
iaajah-7968	31	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	31	7	came	come	VERB
iaajah-7968	31	8	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	31	9	occupy	occupy	VERB
iaajah-7968	31	10	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	31	11	liminal	liminal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	31	12	zone	zone	NOUN
iaajah-7968	31	13	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	31	14	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	31	15	igbo	igbo	PROPN
iaajah-7968	31	16	hinterlands	hinterland	VERB
iaajah-7968	31	17	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	31	18	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	31	19	north	north	NOUN
iaajah-7968	31	20	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	31	21	east	east	NOUN
iaajah-7968	31	22	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	31	23	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	31	24	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	31	25	ijaw	ijaw	NOUN
iaajah-7968	31	26	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	31	27	speaking	speak	VERB
iaajah-7968	31	28	coastal	coastal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	31	29	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	31	30	;	;	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	31	31	notably	notably	ADV
iaajah-7968	31	32	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	31	33	kalabari	kalabari	NOUN
iaajah-7968	31	34	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	31	35	nembe	nembe	ADJ
iaajah-7968	31	36	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	31	37	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	31	38	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	31	39	south	south	NOUN
iaajah-7968	31	40	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	31	41	west	west	PROPN
iaajah-7968	31	42	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	31	43	meruem	meruem	PROPN
iaajah-7968	31	44	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	31	45	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	31	46	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	31	47	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	32	1	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	32	2	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	32	3	position	position	NOUN
iaajah-7968	32	4	served	serve	VERB
iaajah-7968	32	5	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	32	6	both	both	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	32	7	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	32	8	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	32	9	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	32	10	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	32	11	liability	liability	NOUN
iaajah-7968	32	12	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	33	1	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	33	2	it	it	PRON
iaajah-7968	33	3	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
iaajah-7968	33	4	trade	trade	NOUN
iaajah-7968	33	5	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	33	6	cultural	cultural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	33	7	exchange	exchange	NOUN
iaajah-7968	33	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	33	9	it	it	PRON
iaajah-7968	33	10	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	33	11	placed	place	VERB
iaajah-7968	33	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	33	13	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	33	14	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	33	15	frequent	frequent	ADJ
iaajah-7968	33	16	contact	contact	NOUN
iaajah-7968	33	17	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	33	18	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
iaajah-7968	33	19	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	33	20	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	33	21	rival	rival	ADJ
iaajah-7968	33	22	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	33	23	over	over	ADP
iaajah-7968	33	24	land	land	NOUN
iaajah-7968	33	25	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	33	26	access	access	NOUN
iaajah-7968	33	27	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	33	28	markets	market	NOUN
iaajah-7968	33	29	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	33	30	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	33	31	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	33	32	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	33	33	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	34	1	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	34	2	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	34	3	many	many	ADJ
iaajah-7968	34	4	pre	pre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	34	5	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	34	6	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	34	7	societies	society	NOUN
iaajah-7968	34	8	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	34	9	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	34	10	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	34	11	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	34	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	34	13	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	34	14	organization	organization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	34	15	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	34	16	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	34	17	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	34	18	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	34	19	primarily	primarily	ADV
iaajah-7968	34	20	decentralized	decentralize	VERB
iaajah-7968	34	21	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	34	22	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	34	23	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	34	24	based	base	VERB
iaajah-7968	34	25	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	35	1	each	each	DET
iaajah-7968	35	2	village	village	NOUN
iaajah-7968	35	3	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	35	4	kinship	kinship	NOUN
iaajah-7968	35	5	group	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	35	6	maintained	maintain	VERB
iaajah-7968	35	7	its	its	PRON
iaajah-7968	35	8	own	own	ADJ
iaajah-7968	35	9	defensive	defensive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	35	10	apparatus	apparatus	NOUN
iaajah-7968	35	11	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	35	12	typically	typically	ADV
iaajah-7968	35	13	organized	organize	VERB
iaajah-7968	35	14	around	around	ADP
iaajah-7968	35	15	age	age	NOUN
iaajah-7968	35	16	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	35	17	grade	grade	NOUN
iaajah-7968	35	18	systems	system	NOUN
iaajah-7968	35	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	35	20	secret	secret	ADJ
iaajah-7968	35	21	societies	society	NOUN
iaajah-7968	35	22	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	35	23	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	35	24	warrior	warrior	NOUN
iaajah-7968	35	25	guilds	guild	NOUN
iaajah-7968	35	26	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	36	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	36	2	institutions	institution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	36	3	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	36	4	responsible	responsible	ADJ
iaajah-7968	36	5	not	not	PART
iaajah-7968	36	6	only	only	ADV
iaajah-7968	36	7	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	36	8	territorial	territorial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	36	9	defence	defence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	36	10	but	but	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	36	11	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	36	12	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	36	13	enforcing	enforce	VERB
iaajah-7968	36	14	internal	internal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	36	15	laws	law	NOUN
iaajah-7968	36	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	36	17	mediating	mediate	VERB
iaajah-7968	36	18	disputes	dispute	NOUN
iaajah-7968	36	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	36	20	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	36	21	asserting	assert	VERB
iaajah-7968	36	22	collective	collective	ADJ
iaajah-7968	36	23	identity	identity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	36	24	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	36	25	inter	inter	ADJ
iaajah-7968	36	26	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	36	27	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	36	28	tensions	tension	NOUN
iaajah-7968	36	29	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	37	1	warfare	warfare	NOUN
iaajah-7968	37	2	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	37	3	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	37	4	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	37	5	localized	localize	VERB
iaajah-7968	37	6	affair	affair	NOUN
iaajah-7968	37	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	37	8	conducted	conduct	VERB
iaajah-7968	37	9	through	through	ADP
iaajah-7968	37	10	ambushes	ambush	NOUN
iaajah-7968	37	11	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	37	12	raids	raid	NOUN
iaajah-7968	37	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	37	14	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	37	15	ritualized	ritualize	VERB
iaajah-7968	37	16	displays	display	NOUN
iaajah-7968	37	17	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	37	18	power	power	NOUN
iaajah-7968	37	19	rather	rather	ADV
iaajah-7968	37	20	than	than	ADP
iaajah-7968	37	21	prolonged	prolonged	ADJ
iaajah-7968	37	22	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
iaajah-7968	37	23	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	38	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
iaajah-7968	38	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	38	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	38	4	stakes	stake	NOUN
iaajah-7968	38	5	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	38	6	high	high	ADJ
iaajah-7968	38	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	38	8	as	as	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	38	9	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	38	10	could	could	AUX
iaajah-7968	38	11	result	result	VERB
iaajah-7968	38	12	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	38	13	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	38	14	displacement	displacement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	38	15	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	38	16	populations	population	NOUN
iaajah-7968	38	17	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	38	18	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	38	19	destruction	destruction	NOUN
iaajah-7968	38	20	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	38	21	farmlands	farmland	NOUN
iaajah-7968	38	22	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	38	23	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	38	24	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	38	25	reconfiguration	reconfiguration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	38	26	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	38	27	trade	trade	NOUN
iaajah-7968	38	28	routes	route	NOUN
iaajah-7968	38	29	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	39	1	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	39	2	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	39	3	hostilities	hostility	NOUN
iaajah-7968	39	4	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	39	5	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	39	6	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	39	7	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	39	8	fluid	fluid	ADJ
iaajah-7968	39	9	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	39	10	frequently	frequently	ADV
iaajah-7968	39	11	renegotiated	renegotiate	VERB
iaajah-7968	39	12	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	40	1	shared	share	VERB
iaajah-7968	40	2	ancestry	ancestry	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	40	4	intermarriage	intermarriage	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	40	6	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	40	7	commercial	commercial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	40	8	ties	tie	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	9	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	40	10	acted	act	VERB
iaajah-7968	40	11	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	40	12	buffers	buffer	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	13	against	against	ADP
iaajah-7968	40	14	sustained	sustained	ADJ
iaajah-7968	40	15	hostilities	hostility	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	40	17	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	40	18	land	land	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	19	scarcity	scarcity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	40	21	competition	competition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	22	over	over	ADP
iaajah-7968	40	23	palm	palm	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	24	produce	produce	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	25	markets	market	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	26	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	40	27	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	40	28	acts	act	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	29	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	40	30	ritual	ritual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	40	31	violation	violation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	32	could	could	AUX
iaajah-7968	40	33	spark	spark	VERB
iaajah-7968	40	34	confrontations	confrontation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	40	35	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	41	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	41	2	some	some	DET
iaajah-7968	41	3	cases	case	NOUN
iaajah-7968	41	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	41	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	41	6	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	41	7	entered	enter	VERB
iaajah-7968	41	8	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	41	9	temporary	temporary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	41	10	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	41	11	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	41	12	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	41	13	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	41	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	41	15	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	41	16	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	41	17	kalabari	kalabari	NOUN
iaajah-7968	41	18	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	41	19	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	41	20	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	41	21	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	41	22	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	41	23	ward	ward	VERB
iaajah-7968	41	24	off	off	ADP
iaajah-7968	41	25	external	external	ADJ
iaajah-7968	41	26	threats	threat	NOUN
iaajah-7968	41	27	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	41	28	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	41	29	assert	assert	VERB
iaajah-7968	41	30	territorial	territorial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	41	31	claims	claim	NOUN
iaajah-7968	41	32	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	42	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	42	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	42	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	42	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	42	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	42	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	42	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	42	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	42	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	42	10	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	42	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	43	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	43	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	44	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	44	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	44	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	44	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	44	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	44	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	44	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	44	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	44	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	44	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	44	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	44	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	44	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	44	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	44	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	44	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	44	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	44	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	44	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	44	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	44	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	45	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	45	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	45	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	45	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	45	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	45	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	45	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	45	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	45	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	45	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	45	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	45	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	45	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	45	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	45	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	45	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	45	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	45	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	45	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	45	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	45	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	45	22	institute	institute	PROPN
iaajah-7968	45	23	65	65	NUM
iaajah-7968	45	24	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
iaajah-7968	45	25	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	45	26	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	45	27	belief	belief	NOUN
iaajah-7968	45	28	systems	system	NOUN
iaajah-7968	45	29	played	play	VERB
iaajah-7968	45	30	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	45	31	integral	integral	ADJ
iaajah-7968	45	32	role	role	NOUN
iaajah-7968	45	33	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	45	34	both	both	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	45	35	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	45	36	conduct	conduct	NOUN
iaajah-7968	45	37	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	45	38	justification	justification	NOUN
iaajah-7968	45	39	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	45	40	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	45	41	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	46	1	warfare	warfare	NOUN
iaajah-7968	46	2	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	46	3	rarely	rarely	ADV
iaajah-7968	46	4	waged	wage	VERB
iaajah-7968	46	5	without	without	ADP
iaajah-7968	46	6	ritual	ritual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	46	7	consultation	consultation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	46	8	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	46	9	oracles	oracle	NOUN
iaajah-7968	46	10	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	46	11	deities	deity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	46	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	46	13	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	46	14	ancestral	ancestral	ADJ
iaajah-7968	46	15	spirits	spirit	NOUN
iaajah-7968	46	16	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	47	1	success	success	NOUN
iaajah-7968	47	2	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	47	3	battle	battle	NOUN
iaajah-7968	47	4	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	47	5	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	47	6	attributed	attribute	VERB
iaajah-7968	47	7	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	47	8	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	47	9	favor	favor	NOUN
iaajah-7968	47	10	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	47	11	protective	protective	ADJ
iaajah-7968	47	12	deities	deity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	47	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	47	14	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	47	15	defeat	defeat	NOUN
iaajah-7968	47	16	could	could	AUX
iaajah-7968	47	17	signal	signal	VERB
iaajah-7968	47	18	ritual	ritual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	47	19	impurity	impurity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	47	20	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	47	21	ancestral	ancestral	ADJ
iaajah-7968	47	22	disapproval	disapproval	NOUN
iaajah-7968	47	23	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	48	1	shrines	shrine	NOUN
iaajah-7968	48	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	48	3	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	48	4	charms	charm	NOUN
iaajah-7968	48	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	48	6	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	48	7	sacred	sacred	ADJ
iaajah-7968	48	8	forests	forest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	48	9	served	serve	VERB
iaajah-7968	48	10	both	both	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	48	11	symbolic	symbolic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	48	12	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	48	13	practical	practical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	48	14	purposes	purpose	NOUN
iaajah-7968	48	15	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	48	16	mobilizing	mobilize	VERB
iaajah-7968	48	17	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	48	18	legitimizing	legitimize	VERB
iaajah-7968	48	19	armed	armed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	48	20	resistance	resistance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	48	21	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	49	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	49	2	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	49	3	localized	localized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	49	4	nature	nature	NOUN
iaajah-7968	49	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	49	6	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	49	7	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	49	8	traditions	tradition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	49	9	reveal	reveal	VERB
iaajah-7968	49	10	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	49	11	sophisticated	sophisticated	ADJ
iaajah-7968	49	12	understanding	understanding	NOUN
iaajah-7968	49	13	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	49	14	power	power	NOUN
iaajah-7968	49	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	49	16	territory	territory	NOUN
iaajah-7968	49	17	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	49	18	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	49	19	diplomacy	diplomacy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	49	20	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	49	21	pre	pre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	49	22	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	49	23	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	49	24	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	49	25	society	society	NOUN
iaajah-7968	49	26	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	50	1	they	they	PRON
iaajah-7968	50	2	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	50	3	underscore	underscore	VERB
iaajah-7968	50	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	50	5	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	50	6	's	's	PART
iaajah-7968	50	7	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
iaajah-7968	50	8	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	50	9	navigating	navigate	VERB
iaajah-7968	50	10	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	50	11	complex	complex	ADJ
iaajah-7968	50	12	sociopolitical	sociopolitical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	50	13	landscape	landscape	NOUN
iaajah-7968	50	14	long	long	ADV
iaajah-7968	50	15	before	before	ADP
iaajah-7968	50	16	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	50	17	conquest	conquest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	50	18	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	50	19	integration	integration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	50	20	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	50	21	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	50	22	modern	modern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	50	23	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	50	24	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	50	25	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	51	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	51	2	legacy	legacy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	51	3	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	51	4	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	51	5	traditions	tradition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	51	6	continues	continue	VERB
iaajah-7968	51	7	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	51	8	inform	inform	VERB
iaajah-7968	51	9	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	51	10	cultural	cultural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	51	11	memory	memory	NOUN
iaajah-7968	51	12	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	51	13	identity	identity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	51	14	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	51	15	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	51	16	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	51	17	people	people	NOUN
iaajah-7968	51	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	51	19	particularly	particularly	ADV
iaajah-7968	51	20	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	51	21	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
iaajah-7968	51	22	debates	debate	NOUN
iaajah-7968	51	23	about	about	ADP
iaajah-7968	51	24	indigeneity	indigeneity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	51	25	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	51	26	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	51	27	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	51	28	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	51	29	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	51	30	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	51	31	representation	representation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	51	32	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	51	33	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	51	34	post	post	ADJ
iaajah-7968	51	35	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	51	36	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	51	37	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	51	38	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	51	39	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	52	1	warfare	warfare	NOUN
iaajah-7968	52	2	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	52	3	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	52	4	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	52	5	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
iaajah-7968	52	6	although	although	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	52	7	direct	direct	ADJ
iaajah-7968	52	8	documentation	documentation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	52	9	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	52	10	organized	organize	VERB
iaajah-7968	52	11	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	52	12	units	unit	NOUN
iaajah-7968	52	13	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	52	14	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	52	15	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	52	16	is	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	52	17	limited	limited	ADJ
iaajah-7968	52	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	52	19	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	52	20	histories	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	52	21	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	52	22	secondary	secondary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	52	23	sources	source	NOUN
iaajah-7968	52	24	provide	provide	VERB
iaajah-7968	52	25	valuable	valuable	ADJ
iaajah-7968	52	26	insight	insight	NOUN
iaajah-7968	52	27	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	52	28	patterns	pattern	NOUN
iaajah-7968	52	29	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	52	30	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	52	31	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	52	32	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	52	33	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	52	34	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	52	35	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	52	36	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	53	1	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	53	2	example	example	NOUN
iaajah-7968	53	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	53	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	53	5	obolo	obolo	ADJ
iaajah-7968	53	6	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	53	7	andoni	andoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	53	8	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	53	9	people	people	NOUN
iaajah-7968	53	10	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	53	11	known	know	VERB
iaajah-7968	53	12	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	53	13	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	53	14	engaged	engage	VERB
iaajah-7968	53	15	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	53	16	frequent	frequent	ADJ
iaajah-7968	53	17	warfare	warfare	NOUN
iaajah-7968	53	18	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	53	19	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	53	20	bonny	bonny	NOUN
iaajah-7968	53	21	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	53	22	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	53	23	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	53	24	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	53	25	precolonial	precolonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	53	26	era	era	NOUN
iaajah-7968	53	27	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	54	1	given	give	VERB
iaajah-7968	54	2	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	54	3	geographic	geographic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	54	4	proximity	proximity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	54	5	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	54	6	longstanding	longstanding	ADJ
iaajah-7968	54	7	inter	inter	ADJ
iaajah-7968	54	8	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	54	9	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	54	10	interactions	interaction	NOUN
iaajah-7968	54	11	within	within	ADP
iaajah-7968	54	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	54	13	eastern	eastern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	54	14	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	54	15	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	54	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	54	17	it	it	PRON
iaajah-7968	54	18	is	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	54	19	plausible	plausible	ADJ
iaajah-7968	54	20	that	that	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	54	21	similar	similar	ADJ
iaajah-7968	54	22	martial	martial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	54	23	strategies	strategy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	54	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	54	25	defensive	defensive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	54	26	postures	posture	NOUN
iaajah-7968	54	27	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	54	28	shared	share	VERB
iaajah-7968	54	29	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	54	30	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	54	31	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	54	32	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	54	33	surrounding	surround	VERB
iaajah-7968	54	34	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	54	35	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	54	36	favour	favour	NOUN
iaajah-7968	54	37	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	54	38	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	54	39	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	54	40	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	55	1	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	55	2	there	there	PRON
iaajah-7968	55	3	is	be	VERB
iaajah-7968	55	4	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	55	5	notable	notable	ADJ
iaajah-7968	55	6	absence	absence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	55	7	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	55	8	formal	formal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	55	9	militaristic	militaristic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	55	10	institutions	institution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	55	11	within	within	ADP
iaajah-7968	55	12	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	55	13	society	society	NOUN
iaajah-7968	55	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	55	15	ethnographic	ethnographic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	55	16	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	55	17	suggest	suggest	VERB
iaajah-7968	55	18	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	55	19	tradition	tradition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	55	20	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	55	21	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	55	22	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	55	23	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	55	24	mutual	mutual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	55	25	support	support	NOUN
iaajah-7968	55	26	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	55	27	periods	period	NOUN
iaajah-7968	55	28	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	55	29	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	55	30	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	56	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	56	2	certain	certain	ADJ
iaajah-7968	56	3	cases	case	NOUN
iaajah-7968	56	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	56	5	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	56	6	chiefs	chief	NOUN
iaajah-7968	56	7	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	56	8	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	56	9	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	56	10	active	active	ADJ
iaajah-7968	56	11	participants	participant	NOUN
iaajah-7968	56	12	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	56	13	broader	broad	ADJ
iaajah-7968	56	14	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	56	15	warfare	warfare	NOUN
iaajah-7968	56	16	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	57	1	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	57	2	instance	instance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	57	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	57	4	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	57	5	confrontations	confrontation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	57	6	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	57	7	okrika	okrika	NOUN
iaajah-7968	57	8	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	57	9	bonny	bonny	NOUN
iaajah-7968	57	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	57	11	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	57	12	kalabari	kalabari	NOUN
iaajah-7968	57	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	57	14	it	it	PRON
iaajah-7968	57	15	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	57	16	recorded	record	VERB
iaajah-7968	57	17	that	that	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	57	18	kalabari	kalabari	NOUN
iaajah-7968	57	19	chiefs	chief	NOUN
iaajah-7968	57	20	provided	provide	VERB
iaajah-7968	57	21	arms	arm	NOUN
iaajah-7968	57	22	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	57	23	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	57	24	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	57	25	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
iaajah-7968	57	26	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	57	27	emohua	emohua	PROPN
iaajah-7968	57	28	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	57	29	soliciting	solicit	VERB
iaajah-7968	57	30	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	57	31	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	57	32	assistance	assistance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	57	33	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	57	34	morris	morris	PROPN
iaajah-7968	57	35	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	57	36	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	57	37	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	57	38	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	58	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	58	2	another	another	DET
iaajah-7968	58	3	instance	instance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	58	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	58	5	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	58	6	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	58	7	oroije	oroije	NOUN
iaajah-7968	58	8	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	58	9	eguma	eguma	NOUN
iaajah-7968	58	10	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	58	11	abali	abali	VERB
iaajah-7968	58	12	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	58	13	within	within	ADP
iaajah-7968	58	14	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	58	15	rebisi	rebisi	ADJ
iaajah-7968	58	16	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	58	17	diobu	diobu	NOUN
iaajah-7968	58	18	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	58	19	region	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	58	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	58	21	oroije	oroije	NOUN
iaajah-7968	58	22	warriors	warrior	NOUN
iaajah-7968	58	23	reportedly	reportedly	ADV
iaajah-7968	58	24	sought	seek	VERB
iaajah-7968	58	25	refuge	refuge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	58	26	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	58	27	chief	chief	ADJ
iaajah-7968	58	28	george	george	PROPN
iaajah-7968	58	29	wowhukanuga	wowhukanuga	PROPN
iaajah-7968	58	30	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	58	31	okrika	okrika	NOUN
iaajah-7968	58	32	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	59	1	this	this	PRON
iaajah-7968	59	2	underscores	underscore	VERB
iaajah-7968	59	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	59	4	intricate	intricate	ADJ
iaajah-7968	59	5	networks	network	NOUN
iaajah-7968	59	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	59	7	protection	protection	NOUN
iaajah-7968	59	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	59	9	diplomacy	diplomacy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	59	10	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	59	11	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	59	12	martial	martial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	59	13	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	59	14	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	59	15	transcended	transcend	VERB
iaajah-7968	59	16	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	59	17	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
iaajah-7968	59	18	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	59	19	meruem	meruem	PROPN
iaajah-7968	59	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	59	21	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	59	22	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	59	23	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	60	1	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	60	2	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	60	3	era	era	NOUN
iaajah-7968	60	4	ethnographic	ethnographic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	60	5	accounts	account	NOUN
iaajah-7968	60	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	60	7	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	60	8	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	60	9	those	those	PRON
iaajah-7968	60	10	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	60	11	talbot	talbot	PROPN
iaajah-7968	60	12	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	60	13	1932	1932	NUM
iaajah-7968	60	14	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	60	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	60	16	highlight	highlight	VERB
iaajah-7968	60	17	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	60	18	syncretic	syncretic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	60	19	nature	nature	NOUN
iaajah-7968	60	20	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	60	21	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	60	22	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	60	23	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	60	24	authority	authority	NOUN
iaajah-7968	60	25	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	60	26	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	60	27	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	60	28	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	60	29	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	61	1	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	61	2	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	61	3	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	61	4	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	61	5	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	61	6	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
iaajah-7968	61	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	61	8	leadership	leadership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	61	9	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	61	10	times	time	NOUN
iaajah-7968	61	11	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	61	12	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	61	13	did	do	AUX
iaajah-7968	61	14	not	not	PART
iaajah-7968	61	15	typically	typically	ADV
iaajah-7968	61	16	involve	involve	VERB
iaajah-7968	61	17	structured	structured	ADJ
iaajah-7968	61	18	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	61	19	hierarchies	hierarchy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	61	20	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	62	1	instead	instead	ADV
iaajah-7968	62	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	62	3	chiefs	chief	NOUN
iaajah-7968	62	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	62	5	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	62	6	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	62	7	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	62	8	councils	council	NOUN
iaajah-7968	62	9	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	62	10	elders	elder	NOUN
iaajah-7968	62	11	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	62	12	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	62	13	leaders	leader	NOUN
iaajah-7968	62	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	62	15	played	play	VERB
iaajah-7968	62	16	central	central	ADJ
iaajah-7968	62	17	roles	role	NOUN
iaajah-7968	62	18	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	62	19	mobilizing	mobilize	VERB
iaajah-7968	62	20	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	62	21	defence	defence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	62	22	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	62	23	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
iaajah-7968	62	24	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	62	25	resolution	resolution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	62	26	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	63	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	63	2	leaders	leader	NOUN
iaajah-7968	63	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	63	4	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	63	5	not	not	PART
iaajah-7968	63	6	primarily	primarily	ADV
iaajah-7968	63	7	warriors	warrior	NOUN
iaajah-7968	63	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	63	9	exercised	exercise	VERB
iaajah-7968	63	10	significant	significant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	63	11	influence	influence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	63	12	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	63	13	communal	communal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	63	14	affairs	affair	NOUN
iaajah-7968	63	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	63	16	especially	especially	ADV
iaajah-7968	63	17	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	63	18	wartime	wartime	ADJ
iaajah-7968	63	19	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
iaajah-7968	63	20	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	64	1	this	this	PRON
iaajah-7968	64	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
iaajah-7968	64	3	that	that	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	64	4	precolonial	precolonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	64	5	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	64	6	leadership	leadership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	64	7	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	64	8	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	64	9	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	64	10	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	64	11	embedded	embed	VERB
iaajah-7968	64	12	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	64	13	broader	broad	ADJ
iaajah-7968	64	14	socio	socio	NOUN
iaajah-7968	64	15	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	64	16	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	64	17	institutions	institution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	64	18	rather	rather	ADV
iaajah-7968	64	19	than	than	ADP
iaajah-7968	64	20	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	64	21	specialized	specialized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	64	22	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	64	23	ranks	rank	NOUN
iaajah-7968	64	24	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	64	25	bazza	bazza	NOUN
iaajah-7968	64	26	&	&	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	64	27	korinya	korinya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	64	28	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	64	29	2020	2020	NUM
iaajah-7968	64	30	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	64	31	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	65	1	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	65	2	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	65	3	policies	policy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	65	4	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	65	5	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	65	6	impact	impact	NOUN
iaajah-7968	65	7	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	65	8	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	65	9	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	65	10	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	65	11	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	65	12	period	period	NOUN
iaajah-7968	65	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	65	14	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	65	15	british	british	PROPN
iaajah-7968	65	16	sought	seek	VERB
iaajah-7968	65	17	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	65	18	enforce	enforce	VERB
iaajah-7968	65	19	authority	authority	NOUN
iaajah-7968	65	20	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	65	21	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	65	22	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	65	23	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	65	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	65	25	broader	broad	ADJ
iaajah-7968	65	26	southern	southern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	65	27	region	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	65	28	through	through	ADP
iaajah-7968	65	29	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	65	30	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
iaajah-7968	65	31	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	65	32	structural	structural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	65	33	realignments	realignment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	65	34	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	66	1	notably	notably	ADV
iaajah-7968	66	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	66	3	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	66	4	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	66	5	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	66	6	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	66	7	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	66	8	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	66	9	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	66	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	66	11	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	66	12	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	66	13	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	67	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	67	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	68	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	68	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	68	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	68	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	68	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	68	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	68	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	68	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	68	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	68	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	68	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	68	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	68	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	68	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	68	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	68	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	68	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	68	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	68	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	68	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	68	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	69	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	69	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	69	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	69	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	69	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	69	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	69	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	69	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	69	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	69	22	institute	institute	PROPN
iaajah-7968	69	23	66	66	NUM
iaajah-7968	69	24	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	25	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	26	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	69	27	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	69	28	anglo	anglo	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	29	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	30	aro	aro	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	31	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	32	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	33	1901–1902	1901–1902	NUM
iaajah-7968	69	34	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	35	underscored	underscore	VERB
iaajah-7968	69	36	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	69	37	british	british	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	38	approach	approach	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	39	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	40	deploying	deploy	VERB
iaajah-7968	69	41	superior	superior	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	42	firepower	firepower	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	43	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	44	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	69	45	machine	machine	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	46	guns	gun	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	47	against	against	ADP
iaajah-7968	69	48	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	49	forces	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	50	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	51	crushing	crush	VERB
iaajah-7968	69	52	resistance	resistance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	53	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	54	dismantling	dismantle	VERB
iaajah-7968	69	55	traditional	traditional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	56	institutions	institution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	57	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	58	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	69	59	consolidating	consolidate	VERB
iaajah-7968	69	60	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	61	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	62	anglo	anglo	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	63	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	64	aro	aro	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	65	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	66	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	67	1901–1902	1901–1902	NUM
iaajah-7968	69	68	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	69	this	this	PRON
iaajah-7968	69	70	set	set	VERB
iaajah-7968	69	71	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	69	72	tone	tone	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	73	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	69	74	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	75	operations	operation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	76	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	69	77	nearby	nearby	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	78	areas	area	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	79	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	80	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	69	81	those	those	PRON
iaajah-7968	69	82	occupied	occupy	VERB
iaajah-7968	69	83	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	69	84	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	69	85	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	86	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	69	87	contributing	contribute	VERB
iaajah-7968	69	88	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	69	89	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	69	90	erosion	erosion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	91	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	69	92	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	93	martial	martial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	69	94	structures	structure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	69	95	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	1	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	70	2	respect	respect	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	3	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	70	4	formation	formation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	5	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	70	6	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	7	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	70	8	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	9	forces	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	10	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	11	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	70	12	1914	1914	NUM
iaajah-7968	70	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	14	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	70	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	70	16	regiment	regiment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	17	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	70	18	established	establish	VERB
iaajah-7968	70	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	20	merging	merge	VERB
iaajah-7968	70	21	northern	northern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	22	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	70	23	southern	southern	PROPN
iaajah-7968	70	24	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	70	25	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	70	26	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	27	troops	troop	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	28	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	70	29	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	70	30	formal	formal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	31	auxiliary	auxiliary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	32	force	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	33	under	under	ADP
iaajah-7968	70	34	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	70	35	royal	royal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	36	west	west	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	37	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	38	frontier	frontier	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	39	force	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	40	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	41	waff	waff	PROPN
iaajah-7968	70	42	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	43	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	44	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	70	45	regiment	regiment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	46	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	47	1914–1956	1914–1956	NUM
iaajah-7968	70	48	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	49	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	50	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	70	51	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	52	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	53	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	70	54	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	70	55	cadre	cadre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	56	reflected	reflect	VERB
iaajah-7968	70	57	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	58	selection	selection	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	59	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	70	60	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	70	61	british	british	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	62	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	63	favouring	favour	VERB
iaajah-7968	70	64	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	65	deemed	deem	VERB
iaajah-7968	70	66	“	"	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	67	martial	martial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	68	races	race	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	69	”	"	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	70	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	70	71	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	70	72	sidelining	sideline	VERB
iaajah-7968	70	73	southern	southern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	74	ethnicities	ethnicity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	75	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	76	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	70	77	potential	potential	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	78	candidates	candidate	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	79	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	70	80	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	70	81	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	82	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	83	ejiogu	ejiogu	NOUN
iaajah-7968	70	84	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	85	2007	2007	NUM
iaajah-7968	70	86	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	70	87	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	71	1	this	this	PRON
iaajah-7968	71	2	created	create	VERB
iaajah-7968	71	3	long	long	ADV
iaajah-7968	71	4	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	71	5	lasting	last	VERB
iaajah-7968	71	6	disparities	disparity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	71	7	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	71	8	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	71	9	representation	representation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	71	10	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	72	1	even	even	ADV
iaajah-7968	72	2	decades	decade	NOUN
iaajah-7968	72	3	after	after	ADP
iaajah-7968	72	4	independence	independence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	72	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	72	6	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	72	7	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	72	8	patterns	pattern	NOUN
iaajah-7968	72	9	carried	carry	VERB
iaajah-7968	72	10	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	72	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	73	1	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	73	2	instance	instance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	73	4	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	73	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	73	6	late	late	ADJ
iaajah-7968	73	7	1950s	1950s	NUM
iaajah-7968	73	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	73	9	hausa	hausa	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	73	11	other	other	ADJ
iaajah-7968	73	12	northern	northern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	73	13	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	14	constituted	constitute	VERB
iaajah-7968	73	15	approximately	approximately	ADV
iaajah-7968	73	16	62	62	NUM
iaajah-7968	73	17	%	%	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	18	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	73	19	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	73	20	royal	royal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	73	21	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	73	22	army	army	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	73	24	relegating	relegate	VERB
iaajah-7968	73	25	southern	southern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	73	26	soldiers	soldier	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	27	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	73	28	minorities	minority	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	29	;	;	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	73	30	only	only	ADV
iaajah-7968	73	31	36	36	NUM
iaajah-7968	73	32	%	%	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	33	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	73	34	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	73	35	disparity	disparity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	36	rooted	root	VERB
iaajah-7968	73	37	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	73	38	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	73	39	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	40	policies	policy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	41	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	73	42	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	73	43	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	44	crisis	crisis	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	45	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	73	46	1962	1962	NUM
iaajah-7968	73	47	memo	memo	NOUN
iaajah-7968	73	48	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	73	49	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	74	1	beyond	beyond	ADP
iaajah-7968	74	2	formal	formal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	74	3	regiments	regiment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	74	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	74	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	74	6	british	british	PROPN
iaajah-7968	74	7	relied	rely	VERB
iaajah-7968	74	8	heavily	heavily	ADV
iaajah-7968	74	9	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	74	10	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	74	11	policing	policing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	74	12	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	74	13	constabulary	constabulary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	74	14	structures	structure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	74	15	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	74	16	maintain	maintain	VERB
iaajah-7968	74	17	order	order	NOUN
iaajah-7968	74	18	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	75	1	prior	prior	ADV
iaajah-7968	75	2	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	75	3	wwi	wwi	PROPN
iaajah-7968	75	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	75	5	forces	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	6	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	75	7	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	75	8	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	75	9	royal	royal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	75	10	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	11	company	company	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	12	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	75	13	constabulary	constabulary	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	14	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	75	15	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	75	16	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	75	17	coast	coast	PROPN
iaajah-7968	75	18	constabulary	constabulary	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	19	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	75	20	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	21	rivers	river	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	22	irregular	irregular	ADJ
iaajah-7968	75	23	force	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	24	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	75	25	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	75	26	established	establish	VERB
iaajah-7968	75	27	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	75	28	styling	style	VERB
iaajah-7968	75	29	themselves	themselves	PRON
iaajah-7968	75	30	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	75	31	policing	policing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	32	entities	entity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	33	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	75	34	but	but	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	75	35	functioning	function	VERB
iaajah-7968	75	36	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	75	37	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	75	38	units	unit	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	39	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	75	40	suppressing	suppress	VERB
iaajah-7968	75	41	dissent	dissent	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	42	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	75	43	securing	secure	VERB
iaajah-7968	75	44	territories	territory	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	45	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	75	46	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	75	47	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	75	48	british	british	PROPN
iaajah-7968	75	49	west	west	PROPN
iaajah-7968	75	50	africa	africa	PROPN
iaajah-7968	75	51	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	75	52	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	76	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	76	2	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	76	3	forces	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	76	4	operated	operate	VERB
iaajah-7968	76	5	around	around	ADP
iaajah-7968	76	6	regions	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	76	7	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	76	8	port	port	NOUN
iaajah-7968	76	9	harcourt	harcourt	PROPN
iaajah-7968	76	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	76	11	its	its	PRON
iaajah-7968	76	12	environs	environ	NOUN
iaajah-7968	76	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	76	14	where	where	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	76	15	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	76	16	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	76	17	lived	live	VERB
iaajah-7968	76	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	76	19	embedding	embed	VERB
iaajah-7968	76	20	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	76	21	itinerant	itinerant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	76	22	power	power	NOUN
iaajah-7968	76	23	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	76	24	everyday	everyday	ADJ
iaajah-7968	76	25	life	life	NOUN
iaajah-7968	76	26	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	77	1	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	77	2	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
iaajah-7968	77	3	reliance	reliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	77	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	77	5	combining	combine	VERB
iaajah-7968	77	6	specialized	specialized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	77	7	regiments	regiment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	77	8	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	77	9	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	77	10	paramilitary	paramilitary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	77	11	policing	policing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	77	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	77	13	effectively	effectively	ADV
iaajah-7968	77	14	dismantled	dismantle	VERB
iaajah-7968	77	15	existing	exist	VERB
iaajah-7968	77	16	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	77	17	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	77	18	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	77	19	organization	organization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	77	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	77	21	repurposed	repurpose	VERB
iaajah-7968	77	22	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	77	23	marginalized	marginalize	VERB
iaajah-7968	77	24	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	77	25	defence	defence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	77	26	capacities	capacity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	77	27	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	77	28	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	77	29	transferred	transfer	VERB
iaajah-7968	77	30	armed	armed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	77	31	authority	authority	NOUN
iaajah-7968	77	32	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	77	33	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	77	34	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	77	35	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	78	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	78	2	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	78	3	administration	administration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	78	4	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	78	5	disrupted	disrupt	VERB
iaajah-7968	78	6	traditional	traditional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	78	7	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	78	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	78	9	communal	communal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	78	10	institutions	institution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	78	11	through	through	ADP
iaajah-7968	78	12	practices	practice	NOUN
iaajah-7968	78	13	like	like	ADP
iaajah-7968	78	14	indirect	indirect	ADJ
iaajah-7968	78	15	rule	rule	NOUN
iaajah-7968	78	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	78	17	redrawing	redrawe	VERB
iaajah-7968	78	18	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
iaajah-7968	78	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	78	20	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	78	21	accommodating	accommodate	VERB
iaajah-7968	78	22	select	select	ADJ
iaajah-7968	78	23	chiefs	chief	NOUN
iaajah-7968	78	24	under	under	ADP
iaajah-7968	78	25	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	78	26	oversight	oversight	NOUN
iaajah-7968	78	27	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	78	28	colonial	colonial	NOUN
iaajah-7968	78	29	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	78	30	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	78	31	conquest	conquest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	78	32	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	78	33	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	79	1	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	79	2	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	79	3	strategy	strategy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	79	4	preserved	preserve	VERB
iaajah-7968	79	5	some	some	DET
iaajah-7968	79	6	semblance	semblance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	79	7	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	79	8	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
iaajah-7968	79	9	governance	governance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	79	10	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	79	11	it	it	PRON
iaajah-7968	79	12	co	co	VERB
iaajah-7968	79	13	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	79	14	opted	opt	VERB
iaajah-7968	79	15	authority	authority	NOUN
iaajah-7968	79	16	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	79	17	eroded	erode	VERB
iaajah-7968	79	18	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
iaajah-7968	79	19	martial	martial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	79	20	leadership	leadership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	79	21	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	79	22	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	79	23	like	like	ADP
iaajah-7968	79	24	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	79	25	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	79	26	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	80	1	forceful	forceful	ADJ
iaajah-7968	80	2	pacification	pacification	NOUN
iaajah-7968	80	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	80	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	80	5	imposition	imposition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	80	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	80	7	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	80	8	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	80	9	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	80	10	british	british	ADJ
iaajah-7968	80	11	colonizers	colonizer	NOUN
iaajah-7968	80	12	relied	rely	VERB
iaajah-7968	80	13	heavily	heavily	ADV
iaajah-7968	80	14	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	80	15	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	80	16	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
iaajah-7968	80	17	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	80	18	forceful	forceful	ADJ
iaajah-7968	80	19	suppression	suppression	NOUN
iaajah-7968	80	20	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	80	21	assert	assert	VERB
iaajah-7968	80	22	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	80	23	across	across	ADP
iaajah-7968	80	24	southern	southern	PROPN
iaajah-7968	80	25	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	80	26	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	81	1	operations	operation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	81	2	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	81	3	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	81	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	81	5	anglo	anglo	ADJ
iaajah-7968	81	6	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	81	7	aro	aro	NOUN
iaajah-7968	81	8	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	81	9	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	81	10	1901–1902	1901–1902	NUM
iaajah-7968	81	11	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	81	12	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
iaajah-7968	81	13	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	81	14	deployment	deployment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	81	15	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	81	16	superior	superior	ADJ
iaajah-7968	81	17	weaponry	weaponry	NOUN
iaajah-7968	81	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	81	19	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	81	20	machine	machine	NOUN
iaajah-7968	81	21	guns	gun	NOUN
iaajah-7968	81	22	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	81	23	subdue	subdue	VERB
iaajah-7968	81	24	resistance	resistance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	81	25	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	81	26	dismantle	dismantle	VERB
iaajah-7968	81	27	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
iaajah-7968	81	28	power	power	NOUN
iaajah-7968	81	29	structures	structure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	81	30	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	81	31	wikipedia	wikipedia	PROPN
iaajah-7968	81	32	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	81	33	ango	ango	PROPN
iaajah-7968	81	34	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	81	35	aro	aro	NOUN
iaajah-7968	81	36	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	81	37	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	81	38	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	82	1	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	82	2	pattern	pattern	NOUN
iaajah-7968	82	3	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	82	4	militarized	militarized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	82	5	pacification	pacification	NOUN
iaajah-7968	82	6	would	would	AUX
iaajah-7968	82	7	become	become	VERB
iaajah-7968	82	8	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	82	9	template	template	NOUN
iaajah-7968	82	10	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	82	11	subjugating	subjugate	VERB
iaajah-7968	82	12	nighbouring	nighboure	VERB
iaajah-7968	82	13	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	82	14	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	82	15	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	82	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	82	17	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	82	18	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	82	19	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	82	20	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	83	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	83	2	british	british	PROPN
iaajah-7968	83	3	established	establish	VERB
iaajah-7968	83	4	auxiliary	auxiliary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	83	5	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	83	6	structures	structure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	83	7	like	like	ADP
iaajah-7968	83	8	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	83	9	southern	southern	PROPN
iaajah-7968	83	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	83	11	regiment	regiment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	83	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	83	13	evolving	evolve	VERB
iaajah-7968	83	14	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	83	15	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	83	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	83	17	regiment	regiment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	83	18	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	83	19	1914	1914	NUM
iaajah-7968	83	20	under	under	ADP
iaajah-7968	83	21	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	83	22	royal	royal	PROPN
iaajah-7968	83	23	west	west	ADJ
iaajah-7968	83	24	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	83	25	frontier	frontier	NOUN
iaajah-7968	83	26	force	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	83	27	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	83	28	waff	waff	PROPN
iaajah-7968	83	29	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	83	30	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	83	31	wikipedia	wikipedia	PROPN
iaajah-7968	83	32	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	83	33	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	83	34	regiment	regiment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	83	35	;	;	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	83	36	southern	southern	PROPN
iaajah-7968	83	37	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	83	38	regiment	regiment	PROPN
iaajah-7968	83	39	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	83	40	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	84	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	84	2	formations	formation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	84	3	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	84	4	regionally	regionally	ADV
iaajah-7968	84	5	segmented	segment	VERB
iaajah-7968	84	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	84	7	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	84	8	battalions	battalion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	84	9	stationed	station	VERB
iaajah-7968	84	10	across	across	ADP
iaajah-7968	84	11	northern	northern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	84	12	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	84	13	southern	southern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	84	14	commands	command	NOUN
iaajah-7968	84	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	84	16	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	84	17	areas	area	NOUN
iaajah-7968	84	18	proximate	proximate	VERB
iaajah-7968	84	19	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	84	20	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	84	21	territory	territory	NOUN
iaajah-7968	84	22	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	84	23	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
iaajah-7968	84	24	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	84	25	calabar	calabar	PROPN
iaajah-7968	84	26	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	84	27	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	84	28	duyile	duyile	NOUN
iaajah-7968	84	29	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	84	30	2005	2005	NUM
iaajah-7968	84	31	;	;	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	84	32	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	84	33	birth	birth	NOUN
iaajah-7968	84	34	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	84	35	formation	formation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	84	36	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	84	37	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	84	38	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	84	39	army	army	NOUN
iaajah-7968	84	40	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	84	41	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	85	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	85	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	85	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	85	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	85	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	85	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	85	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	85	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	85	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	85	10	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	85	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	86	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	86	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	87	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	87	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	87	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	87	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	87	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	87	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	87	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	87	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	87	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	87	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	87	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	87	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	87	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	87	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	87	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	87	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	87	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	87	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	87	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	87	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	87	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	88	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	88	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	88	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	88	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	22	institute	institute	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	23	67	67	NUM
iaajah-7968	88	24	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	25	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	26	classified	classify	VERB
iaajah-7968	88	27	northern	northern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	28	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	29	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	30	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	31	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
iaajah-7968	88	32	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	33	hausa	hausa	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	34	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	35	fulani	fulani	X
iaajah-7968	88	36	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	37	tiv	tiv	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	38	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	39	kanuri	kanuri	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	40	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	41	as	as	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	88	42	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	88	43	“	"	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	44	martial	martial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	45	races	race	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	46	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	47	”	"	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	48	encouraging	encourage	VERB
iaajah-7968	88	49	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	88	50	enlistment	enlistment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	51	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	52	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	88	53	discouraging	discourage	VERB
iaajah-7968	88	54	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	55	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	88	56	southern	southern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	57	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	58	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	59	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	88	60	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	88	61	igbo	igbo	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	62	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	63	yoruba	yoruba	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	64	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	65	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	88	66	likely	likely	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	67	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	88	68	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	69	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	70	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	71	civil	civil	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	72	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	73	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	74	e.c	e.c	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	75	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	76	ejiogu	ejiogu	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	77	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	78	2011	2011	NUM
iaajah-7968	88	79	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	80	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
iaajah-7968	88	81	how	how	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	88	82	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	88	83	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	84	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	85	patterns	pattern	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	86	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	87	preserved	preserve	VERB
iaajah-7968	88	88	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	88	89	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	88	90	postcolonial	postcolonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	91	period	period	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	92	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	93	deeply	deeply	ADV
iaajah-7968	88	94	impacted	impact	VERB
iaajah-7968	88	95	coup	coup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	96	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	97	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	88	98	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	88	99	composition	composition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	100	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	88	101	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	88	102	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	88	103	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	88	104	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	105	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	106	ejiogu	ejiogu	NOUN
iaajah-7968	88	107	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	108	2011	2011	NUM
iaajah-7968	88	109	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	88	110	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	89	1	data	datum	NOUN
iaajah-7968	89	2	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	89	3	officer	officer	NOUN
iaajah-7968	89	4	seniority	seniority	NOUN
iaajah-7968	89	5	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	89	6	1952–1964	1952–1964	NUM
iaajah-7968	89	7	further	further	ADJ
iaajah-7968	89	8	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
iaajah-7968	89	9	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	89	10	imbalances	imbalance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	89	11	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	89	12	igbo	igbo	PROPN
iaajah-7968	89	13	representation	representation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	89	14	steadily	steadily	ADV
iaajah-7968	89	15	rose	rise	VERB
iaajah-7968	89	16	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	89	17	middle	middle	ADJ
iaajah-7968	89	18	officer	officer	NOUN
iaajah-7968	89	19	ranks	rank	VERB
iaajah-7968	89	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	89	21	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	89	22	northerners	northerner	NOUN
iaajah-7968	89	23	continued	continue	VERB
iaajah-7968	89	24	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	89	25	dominate	dominate	VERB
iaajah-7968	89	26	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	89	27	lower	low	ADJ
iaajah-7968	89	28	ranks	rank	NOUN
iaajah-7968	89	29	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	89	30	shaping	shape	VERB
iaajah-7968	89	31	evolving	evolve	VERB
iaajah-7968	89	32	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	89	33	tensions	tension	NOUN
iaajah-7968	89	34	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	89	35	scientia	scientia	PROPN
iaajah-7968	89	36	militaria	militaria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	89	37	data	data	PROPN
iaajah-7968	89	38	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	89	39	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	90	1	after	after	ADP
iaajah-7968	90	2	independence	independence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	90	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	90	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	90	5	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	90	6	army	army	NOUN
iaajah-7968	90	7	remained	remain	VERB
iaajah-7968	90	8	structured	structure	VERB
iaajah-7968	90	9	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	90	10	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
iaajah-7968	90	11	internal	internal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	90	12	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	90	13	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	90	14	order	order	NOUN
iaajah-7968	90	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	90	16	rather	rather	ADV
iaajah-7968	90	17	than	than	ADP
iaajah-7968	90	18	conventional	conventional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	90	19	warfare	warfare	NOUN
iaajah-7968	90	20	training	training	NOUN
iaajah-7968	90	21	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	90	22	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	90	23	civil	civil	ADJ
iaajah-7968	90	24	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	90	25	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	90	26	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	91	1	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	91	2	skewed	skewed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	91	3	structures	structure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	91	4	exacerbated	exacerbate	VERB
iaajah-7968	91	5	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	91	6	cleavages	cleavage	NOUN
iaajah-7968	91	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	91	8	especially	especially	ADV
iaajah-7968	91	9	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	91	10	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	91	11	politically	politically	ADV
iaajah-7968	91	12	fraught	fraught	ADJ
iaajah-7968	91	13	first	first	ADJ
iaajah-7968	91	14	republic	republic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	91	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	91	16	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	91	17	civil	civil	ADJ
iaajah-7968	91	18	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	91	19	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	92	1	parallel	parallel	ADJ
iaajah-7968	92	2	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	92	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	92	4	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	92	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	92	6	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	92	7	policing	policing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	92	8	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	92	9	southern	southern	PROPN
iaajah-7968	92	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	92	11	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	92	12	similarly	similarly	ADV
iaajah-7968	92	13	designed	design	VERB
iaajah-7968	92	14	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	92	15	dominance	dominance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	92	16	rather	rather	ADV
iaajah-7968	92	17	than	than	ADP
iaajah-7968	92	18	protection	protection	NOUN
iaajah-7968	92	19	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	93	1	early	early	ADJ
iaajah-7968	93	2	formations	formation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	93	3	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	93	4	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	93	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	93	6	royal	royal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	93	7	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	93	8	company	company	NOUN
iaajah-7968	93	9	constabulary	constabulary	NOUN
iaajah-7968	93	10	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	93	11	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	93	12	coast	coast	NOUN
iaajah-7968	93	13	constabulary	constabulary	NOUN
iaajah-7968	93	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	93	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	93	16	later	later	ADV
iaajah-7968	93	17	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	93	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	93	19	police	police	NOUN
iaajah-7968	93	20	force	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	93	21	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	93	22	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	93	23	organized	organize	VERB
iaajah-7968	93	24	primarily	primarily	ADV
iaajah-7968	93	25	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	93	26	suppressing	suppress	VERB
iaajah-7968	93	27	dissent	dissent	NOUN
iaajah-7968	93	28	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	93	29	maintaining	maintain	VERB
iaajah-7968	93	30	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	93	31	dominance	dominance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	93	32	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	93	33	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	93	34	day	day	NOUN
iaajah-7968	93	35	;	;	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	93	36	guardian	guardian	NOUN
iaajah-7968	93	37	;	;	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	93	38	bbc	bbc	PROPN
iaajah-7968	93	39	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	93	40	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	94	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	94	2	repressive	repressive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	94	3	policing	policing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	94	4	culture	culture	NOUN
iaajah-7968	94	5	established	establish	VERB
iaajah-7968	94	6	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	94	7	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	94	8	rule	rule	NOUN
iaajah-7968	94	9	marked	mark	VERB
iaajah-7968	94	10	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	94	11	brutality	brutality	NOUN
iaajah-7968	94	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	94	13	mistrust	mistrust	NOUN
iaajah-7968	94	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	94	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	94	16	weaponized	weaponize	VERB
iaajah-7968	94	17	authority	authority	NOUN
iaajah-7968	94	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	94	19	persisted	persist	VERB
iaajah-7968	94	20	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	94	21	postcolonial	postcolonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	94	22	law	law	NOUN
iaajah-7968	94	23	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	94	24	institutions	institution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	94	25	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	94	26	omeni	omeni	PROPN
iaajah-7968	94	27	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	94	28	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	94	29	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	94	30	harsh	harsh	ADJ
iaajah-7968	94	31	police	police	NOUN
iaajah-7968	94	32	culture	culture	NOUN
iaajah-7968	94	33	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	94	34	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	95	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	95	2	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	95	3	military	military	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	4	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	95	5	policing	policing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	6	systems	system	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	7	fundamentally	fundamentally	ADV
iaajah-7968	95	8	undercut	undercut	ADJ
iaajah-7968	95	9	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
iaajah-7968	95	10	defence	defence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	11	capacity	capacity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	12	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	95	13	skewed	skew	VERB
iaajah-7968	95	14	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	95	15	balance	balance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	16	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	95	17	power	power	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	18	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	95	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	95	20	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	95	21	armed	armed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	95	22	institutions	institution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	23	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	95	24	post	post	ADJ
iaajah-7968	95	25	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	95	26	independence	independence	ADJ
iaajah-7968	95	27	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	28	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	95	29	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	30	following	follow	VERB
iaajah-7968	95	31	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	95	32	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	95	33	independence	independence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	34	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	95	35	1960	1960	NUM
iaajah-7968	95	36	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	95	37	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	95	38	inherited	inherit	VERB
iaajah-7968	95	39	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	95	40	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	95	41	architecture	architecture	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	42	continued	continue	VERB
iaajah-7968	95	43	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	95	44	influence	influence	VERB
iaajah-7968	95	45	national	national	ADJ
iaajah-7968	95	46	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	95	47	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	95	48	power	power	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	49	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	95	50	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	96	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	96	2	military	military	NOUN
iaajah-7968	96	3	remained	remain	VERB
iaajah-7968	96	4	ethnically	ethnically	ADV
iaajah-7968	96	5	skewed	skewed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	96	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	96	7	reflecting	reflect	VERB
iaajah-7968	96	8	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	96	9	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	96	10	biases	bias	NOUN
iaajah-7968	96	11	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	96	12	favoured	favour	VERB
iaajah-7968	96	13	northern	northern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	96	14	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	96	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	96	16	marginalized	marginalize	VERB
iaajah-7968	96	17	southern	southern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	96	18	minorities	minority	NOUN
iaajah-7968	96	19	like	like	ADP
iaajah-7968	96	20	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	96	21	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	96	22	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	96	23	ejiogu	ejiogu	NOUN
iaajah-7968	96	24	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	96	25	2007	2007	NUM
iaajah-7968	96	26	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	96	27	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	97	1	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	97	2	imbalance	imbalance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	97	3	fuelled	fuel	VERB
iaajah-7968	97	4	mistrust	mistrust	NOUN
iaajah-7968	97	5	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	97	6	regions	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	97	7	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	97	8	ethnicities	ethnicity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	97	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	97	10	setting	set	VERB
iaajah-7968	97	11	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	97	12	stage	stage	NOUN
iaajah-7968	97	13	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	97	14	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	97	15	interventions	intervention	NOUN
iaajah-7968	97	16	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	97	17	governance	governance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	97	18	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	97	19	falola	falola	PROPN
iaajah-7968	97	20	&	&	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	97	21	heaton	heaton	PROPN
iaajah-7968	97	22	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	97	23	2008	2008	NUM
iaajah-7968	97	24	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	97	25	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	98	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	98	2	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	98	3	civil	civil	ADJ
iaajah-7968	98	4	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	98	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	98	6	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	98	7	biafran	biafran	PROPN
iaajah-7968	98	8	war	war	PROPN
iaajah-7968	98	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	98	10	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	98	11	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	98	12	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	98	13	moment	moment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	98	14	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	98	15	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	98	16	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	98	17	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	98	18	nighbouring	nighboure	VERB
iaajah-7968	98	19	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	98	20	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	98	21	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	98	22	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	98	23	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	98	24	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	99	1	although	although	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	99	2	primarily	primarily	ADV
iaajah-7968	99	3	involving	involve	VERB
iaajah-7968	99	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	99	5	igbodominated	igbodominate	VERB
iaajah-7968	99	6	eastern	eastern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	99	7	region	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	99	8	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	99	9	secession	secession	NOUN
iaajah-7968	99	10	attempt	attempt	NOUN
iaajah-7968	99	11	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	99	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	99	13	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	99	14	deeply	deeply	ADV
iaajah-7968	99	15	affected	affect	VERB
iaajah-7968	99	16	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	99	17	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	99	18	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	99	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	99	20	where	where	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	99	21	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	99	22	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	99	23	reside	reside	VERB
iaajah-7968	99	24	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	100	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	100	2	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	100	3	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	100	4	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	100	5	intensified	intensify	VERB
iaajah-7968	100	6	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	100	7	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	100	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	100	9	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	100	10	competing	compete	VERB
iaajah-7968	100	11	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	100	12	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	100	13	aligned	align	VERB
iaajah-7968	100	14	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	100	15	federal	federal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	100	16	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	100	17	biafran	biafran	NOUN
iaajah-7968	100	18	forces	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	100	19	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	100	20	protect	protect	VERB
iaajah-7968	100	21	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	100	22	interests	interest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	100	23	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	100	24	achebe	achebe	PROPN
iaajah-7968	100	25	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	100	26	2012	2012	NUM
iaajah-7968	100	27	;	;	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	100	28	ojakorotu	ojakorotu	PROPN
iaajah-7968	100	29	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	100	30	2008	2008	NUM
iaajah-7968	100	31	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	100	32	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	101	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	101	2	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	101	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	101	4	caught	catch	VERB
iaajah-7968	101	5	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	101	6	federal	federal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	101	7	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	101	8	secessionist	secessionist	NOUN
iaajah-7968	101	9	forces	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	101	10	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	101	11	experienced	experience	VERB
iaajah-7968	101	12	significant	significant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	101	13	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	101	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	101	15	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	101	16	armed	armed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	101	17	militias	militia	NOUN
iaajah-7968	101	18	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	101	19	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	101	20	defence	defence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	101	21	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	101	22	forming	form	VERB
iaajah-7968	101	23	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	101	24	response	response	NOUN
iaajah-7968	101	25	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	101	26	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	101	27	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	101	28	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	101	29	neglect	neglect	NOUN
iaajah-7968	101	30	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	101	31	okonta	okonta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	101	32	&	&	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	101	33	douglas	douglas	PROPN
iaajah-7968	101	34	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	101	35	2001	2001	NUM
iaajah-7968	101	36	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	101	37	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	102	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	102	2	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	102	3	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	102	4	exposed	expose	VERB
iaajah-7968	102	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	102	6	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	102	7	importance	importance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	102	8	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	102	9	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	102	10	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	102	11	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	102	12	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	102	13	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	102	14	resources	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	102	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	102	16	leading	lead	VERB
iaajah-7968	102	17	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	102	18	increased	increase	VERB
iaajah-7968	102	19	federal	federal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	102	20	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	102	21	presence	presence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	102	22	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	102	23	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	102	24	region	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	102	25	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	102	26	secure	secure	VERB
iaajah-7968	102	27	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	102	28	installations	installation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	102	29	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	102	30	watts	watts	PROPN
iaajah-7968	102	31	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	102	32	2004	2004	NUM
iaajah-7968	102	33	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	102	34	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	103	1	postwar	postwar	PROPN
iaajah-7968	103	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	103	3	saw	see	VERB
iaajah-7968	103	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	103	5	emergence	emergence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	103	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	103	7	militarized	militarized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	103	8	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	103	9	centred	centre	VERB
iaajah-7968	103	10	around	around	ADP
iaajah-7968	103	11	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	103	12	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	103	13	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	103	14	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	103	15	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	103	16	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	103	17	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	104	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	104	2	discovery	discovery	NOUN
iaajah-7968	104	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	104	4	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	104	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	104	6	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	104	7	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	104	8	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	104	9	land	land	NOUN
iaajah-7968	104	10	intensified	intensify	VERB
iaajah-7968	104	11	contestations	contestation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	104	12	over	over	ADP
iaajah-7968	104	13	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	104	14	ownership	ownership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	104	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	104	16	environmental	environmental	ADJ
iaajah-7968	104	17	degradation	degradation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	104	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	104	19	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	104	20	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	104	21	marginalization	marginalization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	104	22	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	104	23	okonta	okonta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	104	24	&	&	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	104	25	douglas	douglas	PROPN
iaajah-7968	104	26	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	104	27	2001	2001	NUM
iaajah-7968	104	28	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	104	29	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	105	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	105	2	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	105	3	state	state	PROPN
iaajah-7968	105	4	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	105	5	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	105	6	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	105	7	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	105	8	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	105	9	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	105	10	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	105	11	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	105	12	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	105	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	105	14	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	105	15	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	106	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	106	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	107	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	107	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	107	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	107	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	107	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	107	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	107	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	107	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	107	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	107	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	107	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	107	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	107	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	107	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	107	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	107	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	107	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	107	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	107	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	107	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	107	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	108	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	108	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	108	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	108	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	108	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	108	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	108	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	108	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	108	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	108	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	108	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	108	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	108	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	108	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	108	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	108	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	108	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	108	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	108	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	108	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	108	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	108	22	institute	institute	PROPN
iaajah-7968	108	23	68	68	NUM
iaajah-7968	108	24	reliance	reliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	108	25	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	108	26	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	108	27	solutions	solution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	108	28	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	108	29	quell	quell	VERB
iaajah-7968	108	30	unrest	unrest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	108	31	entrenched	entrench	VERB
iaajah-7968	108	32	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	108	33	cycle	cycle	NOUN
iaajah-7968	108	34	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	108	35	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	108	36	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	108	37	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	108	38	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	108	39	watts	watts	PROPN
iaajah-7968	108	40	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	108	41	2007	2007	NUM
iaajah-7968	108	42	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	108	43	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	109	1	militant	militant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	109	2	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	3	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	109	4	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	109	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	109	6	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	109	7	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	8	volunteer	volunteer	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	9	force	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	109	11	later	later	ADV
iaajah-7968	109	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	109	13	movement	movement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	14	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	109	15	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	109	16	emancipation	emancipation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	17	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	109	18	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	109	19	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	20	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	21	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	109	22	mend	mend	VERB
iaajah-7968	109	23	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	109	24	emerged	emerge	VERB
iaajah-7968	109	25	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	109	26	leveraging	leverage	VERB
iaajah-7968	109	27	militarized	militarized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	109	28	tactics	tactic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	29	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	109	30	sabotage	sabotage	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	31	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	109	32	kidnapping	kidnapping	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	33	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	109	34	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	109	35	attacks	attack	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	36	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	109	37	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	38	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	39	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	109	40	demand	demand	VERB
iaajah-7968	109	41	greater	great	ADJ
iaajah-7968	109	42	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	43	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	109	44	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	45	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	109	46	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	109	47	smith	smith	PROPN
iaajah-7968	109	48	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	109	49	2007	2007	NUM
iaajah-7968	109	50	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	109	51	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	110	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	110	2	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	110	3	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	110	4	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	110	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	110	6	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	110	7	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	110	8	involved	involve	VERB
iaajah-7968	110	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	110	10	either	either	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	110	11	directly	directly	ADV
iaajah-7968	110	12	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	110	13	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
iaajah-7968	110	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	110	15	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	110	16	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	110	17	militancy	militancy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	110	18	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	110	19	eze	eze	PROPN
iaajah-7968	110	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	110	21	2010	2010	NUM
iaajah-7968	110	22	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	110	23	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	111	1	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	111	2	1966	1966	NUM
iaajah-7968	111	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	111	4	1999	1999	NUM
iaajah-7968	111	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	111	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	111	7	experienced	experience	VERB
iaajah-7968	111	8	multiple	multiple	ADJ
iaajah-7968	111	9	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	111	10	coups	coup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	111	11	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	111	12	prolonged	prolonged	ADJ
iaajah-7968	111	13	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	111	14	rule	rule	NOUN
iaajah-7968	111	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	111	16	further	far	ADV
iaajah-7968	111	17	militarizing	militarize	VERB
iaajah-7968	111	18	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	111	19	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	111	20	landscape	landscape	NOUN
iaajah-7968	111	21	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	112	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	112	2	military	military	NOUN
iaajah-7968	112	3	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	112	4	dominance	dominance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	112	5	entrenched	entrench	VERB
iaajah-7968	112	6	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	112	7	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	112	8	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	112	9	factor	factor	NOUN
iaajah-7968	112	10	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	112	11	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	112	12	promotions	promotion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	112	13	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	112	14	deployments	deployment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	112	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	112	16	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	112	17	exacerbating	exacerbate	VERB
iaajah-7968	112	18	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	112	19	tensions	tension	NOUN
iaajah-7968	112	20	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	112	21	diamond	diamond	NOUN
iaajah-7968	112	22	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	112	23	1988	1988	NUM
iaajah-7968	112	24	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	112	25	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	113	1	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	113	2	officers	officer	NOUN
iaajah-7968	113	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	113	4	like	like	ADP
iaajah-7968	113	5	other	other	ADJ
iaajah-7968	113	6	minority	minority	NOUN
iaajah-7968	113	7	group	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	113	8	members	member	NOUN
iaajah-7968	113	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	113	10	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	113	11	faced	face	VERB
iaajah-7968	113	12	limitations	limitation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	113	13	within	within	ADP
iaajah-7968	113	14	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	113	15	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	113	16	hierarchy	hierarchy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	113	17	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	113	18	reinforcing	reinforce	VERB
iaajah-7968	113	19	feelings	feeling	NOUN
iaajah-7968	113	20	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	113	21	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	113	22	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	113	23	ejiogu	ejiogu	NOUN
iaajah-7968	113	24	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	113	25	2007	2007	NUM
iaajah-7968	113	26	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	113	27	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	114	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	114	2	federal	federal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	114	3	military	military	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	4	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	114	5	counterinsurgency	counterinsurgency	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	6	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	7	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	114	8	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	114	9	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	10	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	11	frequently	frequently	ADV
iaajah-7968	114	12	led	lead	VERB
iaajah-7968	114	13	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	114	14	human	human	ADJ
iaajah-7968	114	15	rights	right	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	16	abuses	abuse	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	17	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	114	18	with	with	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	114	19	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	114	20	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	114	21	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	22	caught	catch	VERB
iaajah-7968	114	23	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	114	24	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	114	25	crossfire	crossfire	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	26	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	114	27	militants	militant	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	28	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	114	29	government	government	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	30	forces	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	31	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	114	32	human	human	ADJ
iaajah-7968	114	33	rights	right	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	34	watch	watch	NOUN
iaajah-7968	114	35	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	114	36	1999	1999	NUM
iaajah-7968	114	37	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	114	38	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	115	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	115	2	further	further	ADJ
iaajah-7968	115	3	complicated	complicated	ADJ
iaajah-7968	115	4	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	115	5	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	115	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	115	7	as	as	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	115	8	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	115	9	navigated	navigate	VERB
iaajah-7968	115	10	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	115	11	resistance	resistance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	115	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	115	13	survival	survival	NOUN
iaajah-7968	115	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	115	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	115	16	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	115	17	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	116	1	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	116	2	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	116	4	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	6	heightened	heighten	VERB
iaajah-7968	116	7	even	even	ADV
iaajah-7968	116	8	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	116	9	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	116	10	wake	wake	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	11	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	116	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	116	13	transition	transition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	14	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	116	15	civilian	civilian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	116	16	rule	rule	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	17	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	116	18	1999	1999	NUM
iaajah-7968	116	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	116	20	since	since	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	116	21	instead	instead	ADV
iaajah-7968	116	22	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	116	23	ending	end	VERB
iaajah-7968	116	24	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	25	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	116	26	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	116	27	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	28	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	29	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	116	30	periodic	periodic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	116	31	outbreaks	outbreak	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	32	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	116	33	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	34	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	116	35	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	36	militias	militia	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	37	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	116	38	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	116	39	heavy	heavy	ADV
iaajah-7968	116	40	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	116	41	handed	handed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	116	42	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	43	responses	response	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	44	rather	rather	ADV
iaajah-7968	116	45	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	116	46	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	116	47	perpetuated	perpetuate	VERB
iaajah-7968	116	48	instability	instability	NOUN
iaajah-7968	116	49	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	116	50	obi	obi	PROPN
iaajah-7968	116	51	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	116	52	2010	2010	NUM
iaajah-7968	116	53	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	116	54	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	117	1	militarized	militarized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	117	2	policing	policing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	117	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	117	4	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	117	5	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	117	6	operations	operation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	117	7	against	against	ADP
iaajah-7968	117	8	militant	militant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	117	9	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	117	10	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	117	11	disrupt	disrupt	VERB
iaajah-7968	117	12	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	117	13	economies	economy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	117	14	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	117	15	social	social	ADJ
iaajah-7968	117	16	structures	structure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	117	17	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	117	18	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	117	19	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	117	20	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	117	21	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	117	22	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	117	23	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	117	24	amnesty	amnesty	PROPN
iaajah-7968	117	25	international	international	PROPN
iaajah-7968	117	26	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	117	27	2009	2009	NUM
iaajah-7968	117	28	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	117	29	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	118	1	efforts	effort	NOUN
iaajah-7968	118	2	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	118	3	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	118	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	118	5	2009	2009	NUM
iaajah-7968	118	6	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	118	7	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	118	8	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	118	9	militants	militant	NOUN
iaajah-7968	118	10	temporarily	temporarily	ADV
iaajah-7968	118	11	reduced	reduce	VERB
iaajah-7968	118	12	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	118	13	but	but	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	118	14	failed	fail	VERB
iaajah-7968	118	15	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	118	16	address	address	VERB
iaajah-7968	118	17	root	root	NOUN
iaajah-7968	118	18	causes	cause	NOUN
iaajah-7968	118	19	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	118	20	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	118	21	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	118	22	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	118	23	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	118	24	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	118	25	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	118	26	environmental	environmental	ADJ
iaajah-7968	118	27	degradation	degradation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	118	28	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	118	29	watts	watts	PROPN
iaajah-7968	118	30	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	118	31	2008	2008	NUM
iaajah-7968	118	32	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	118	33	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	119	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
iaajah-7968	119	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	119	3	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	119	4	remains	remain	VERB
iaajah-7968	119	5	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	119	6	defining	define	VERB
iaajah-7968	119	7	feature	feature	NOUN
iaajah-7968	119	8	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	119	9	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	119	10	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	119	11	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	119	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	119	13	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	119	14	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	119	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	119	16	reflecting	reflect	VERB
iaajah-7968	119	17	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
iaajah-7968	119	18	struggles	struggle	NOUN
iaajah-7968	119	19	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	119	20	identity	identity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	119	21	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	119	22	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	119	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	119	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	119	25	justice	justice	NOUN
iaajah-7968	119	26	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	120	1	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	120	2	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	120	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	120	4	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	120	5	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	120	6	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	120	7	response	response	NOUN
iaajah-7968	120	8	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	120	9	external	external	ADJ
iaajah-7968	120	10	threats	threat	NOUN
iaajah-7968	120	11	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	120	12	internal	internal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	120	13	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	120	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	120	15	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	120	16	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	120	17	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	120	18	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	120	19	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	120	20	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	120	21	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	120	22	historically	historically	ADV
iaajah-7968	120	23	engaged	engage	VERB
iaajah-7968	120	24	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	120	25	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	120	26	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	120	27	aimed	aim	VERB
iaajah-7968	120	28	at	at	ADP
iaajah-7968	120	29	collective	collective	ADJ
iaajah-7968	120	30	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	120	31	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	120	32	mutual	mutual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	120	33	defence	defence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	120	34	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	121	1	pre	pre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	121	2	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	121	3	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	121	4	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	121	5	traditions	tradition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	121	6	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
iaajah-7968	121	7	coalition	coalition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	121	8	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	121	9	building	building	NOUN
iaajah-7968	121	10	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	121	11	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	121	12	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	121	13	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	121	14	resist	resist	VERB
iaajah-7968	121	15	invasions	invasion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	121	16	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	121	17	raids	raid	NOUN
iaajah-7968	121	18	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	121	19	ekechi	ekechi	NOUN
iaajah-7968	121	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	121	21	1971	1971	NUM
iaajah-7968	121	22	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	121	23	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	122	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	122	2	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	122	3	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	122	4	took	take	VERB
iaajah-7968	122	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	122	6	form	form	NOUN
iaajah-7968	122	7	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	122	8	temporary	temporary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	122	9	confederations	confederation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	122	10	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	122	11	times	time	NOUN
iaajah-7968	122	12	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	122	13	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	122	14	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	122	15	persistent	persistent	ADJ
iaajah-7968	122	16	external	external	ADJ
iaajah-7968	122	17	pressure	pressure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	122	18	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	123	1	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	123	2	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	123	3	times	time	NOUN
iaajah-7968	123	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	123	5	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	123	6	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	123	7	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	123	8	both	both	PRON
iaajah-7968	123	9	disrupted	disrupt	VERB
iaajah-7968	123	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	123	11	co	co	VERB
iaajah-7968	123	12	-	-	VERB
iaajah-7968	123	13	opted	opt	VERB
iaajah-7968	123	14	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	123	15	british	british	ADJ
iaajah-7968	123	16	policies	policy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	123	17	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	123	18	sought	seek	VERB
iaajah-7968	123	19	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	123	20	divide	divide	VERB
iaajah-7968	123	21	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	123	22	rule	rule	NOUN
iaajah-7968	123	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	123	24	yet	yet	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	123	25	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	123	26	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	123	27	adapted	adapt	VERB
iaajah-7968	123	28	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	123	29	forming	form	VERB
iaajah-7968	123	30	informal	informal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	123	31	networks	network	NOUN
iaajah-7968	123	32	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	123	33	negotiate	negotiate	VERB
iaajah-7968	123	34	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	123	35	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	123	36	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	123	37	leverage	leverage	NOUN
iaajah-7968	123	38	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	123	39	afigbo	afigbo	NOUN
iaajah-7968	123	40	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	123	41	1981	1981	NUM
iaajah-7968	123	42	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	123	43	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	124	1	following	follow	VERB
iaajah-7968	124	2	independence	independence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	124	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	124	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	124	5	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	124	6	civil	civil	ADJ
iaajah-7968	124	7	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	124	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	124	9	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	124	10	fragmentation	fragmentation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	124	11	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	124	12	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	124	13	authority	authority	NOUN
iaajah-7968	124	14	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	124	15	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	124	16	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	124	17	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	124	18	region	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	124	19	fostered	foster	VERB
iaajah-7968	124	20	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	124	21	emergence	emergence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	124	22	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	124	23	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	124	24	militias	militia	NOUN
iaajah-7968	124	25	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	124	26	vigilante	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	124	27	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	124	28	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	125	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	125	2	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	125	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	125	4	alongside	alongside	ADP
iaajah-7968	125	5	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	125	6	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	125	7	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	125	8	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	125	9	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	125	10	ijaw	ijaw	ADJ
iaajah-7968	125	11	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	125	12	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	125	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	125	14	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	125	15	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
iaajah-7968	125	16	co	co	VERB
iaajah-7968	125	17	-	-	VERB
iaajah-7968	125	18	operated	operate	VERB
iaajah-7968	125	19	strategically	strategically	ADV
iaajah-7968	125	20	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	125	21	safeguard	safeguard	VERB
iaajah-7968	125	22	communal	communal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	125	23	interests	interest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	125	24	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	125	25	especially	especially	ADV
iaajah-7968	125	26	regarding	regard	VERB
iaajah-7968	125	27	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	125	28	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	125	29	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	125	30	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	125	31	protection	protection	NOUN
iaajah-7968	125	32	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	125	33	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	125	34	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	125	35	corporate	corporate	ADJ
iaajah-7968	125	36	aggression	aggression	NOUN
iaajah-7968	125	37	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	125	38	okonta	okonta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	125	39	&	&	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	125	40	douglas	douglas	PROPN
iaajah-7968	125	41	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	125	42	2001	2001	NUM
iaajah-7968	125	43	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	125	44	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	126	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	126	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	126	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	126	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	126	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	126	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	126	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	126	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	126	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	126	10	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	126	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	127	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	127	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	128	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	128	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	128	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	128	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	128	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	128	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	128	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	128	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	128	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	128	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	128	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	128	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	128	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	128	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	128	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	128	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	128	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	128	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	128	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	128	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	128	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	129	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	129	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	129	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	129	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	129	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	129	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	129	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	129	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	129	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	129	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	129	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	129	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	129	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	129	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	129	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	129	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	129	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	129	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	129	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	129	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	129	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	129	22	institute	institute	PROPN
iaajah-7968	129	23	69	69	NUM
iaajah-7968	129	24	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	129	25	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	129	26	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	129	27	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	129	28	primarily	primarily	ADV
iaajah-7968	129	29	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	129	30	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	129	31	informal	informal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	129	32	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	129	33	occasionally	occasionally	ADV
iaajah-7968	129	34	evolved	evolve	VERB
iaajah-7968	129	35	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	129	36	more	more	ADV
iaajah-7968	129	37	coordinated	coordinated	ADJ
iaajah-7968	129	38	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	129	39	efforts	effort	NOUN
iaajah-7968	129	40	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	129	41	periods	period	NOUN
iaajah-7968	129	42	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	129	43	heightened	heightened	ADJ
iaajah-7968	129	44	militancy	militancy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	129	45	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	129	46	government	government	NOUN
iaajah-7968	129	47	crackdowns	crackdown	NOUN
iaajah-7968	129	48	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	129	49	watts	watts	PROPN
iaajah-7968	129	50	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	129	51	2007	2007	NUM
iaajah-7968	129	52	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	129	53	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	130	1	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	130	2	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	130	3	has	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	130	4	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
iaajah-7968	130	5	information	information	NOUN
iaajah-7968	130	6	sharing	sharing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	130	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	130	8	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	130	9	patrols	patrol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	130	10	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	130	11	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	130	12	coordinated	coordinated	ADJ
iaajah-7968	130	13	resistance	resistance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	130	14	against	against	ADP
iaajah-7968	130	15	external	external	ADJ
iaajah-7968	130	16	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	130	17	forces	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	130	18	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	131	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	131	2	recent	recent	ADJ
iaajah-7968	131	3	decades	decade	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	131	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	131	6	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	131	7	government	government	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	8	has	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	131	9	pursued	pursue	VERB
iaajah-7968	131	10	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	11	co	co	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	12	-	-	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	13	operation	operation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	14	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	15	aimed	aim	VERB
iaajah-7968	131	16	at	at	ADP
iaajah-7968	131	17	stabilizing	stabilize	VERB
iaajah-7968	131	18	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	131	19	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	20	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	21	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	131	22	involving	involve	VERB
iaajah-7968	131	23	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	131	24	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	131	25	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	131	26	police	police	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	27	operations	operation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	28	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	131	29	engagement	engagement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	30	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	131	31	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	131	32	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	33	leaders	leader	NOUN
iaajah-7968	131	34	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	132	1	programmes	programme	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	2	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	132	3	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	132	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	132	5	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	6	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	7	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	8	initiative	initiative	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	9	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	132	10	2009	2009	NUM
iaajah-7968	132	11	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	132	12	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
iaajah-7968	132	13	former	former	ADJ
iaajah-7968	132	14	militants	militant	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	15	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	132	16	various	various	ADJ
iaajah-7968	132	17	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	132	18	backgrounds	background	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	132	20	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	132	21	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	132	22	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	132	24	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	132	25	formal	formal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	132	26	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	27	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	132	28	rehabilitation	rehabilitation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	29	efforts	effort	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	30	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	132	31	amnesty	amnesty	PROPN
iaajah-7968	132	32	international	international	PROPN
iaajah-7968	132	33	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	132	34	2009).the	2009).the	DET
iaajah-7968	132	35	federal	federal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	132	36	military	military	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	37	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	132	38	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	39	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	132	40	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	132	41	vigilante	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	42	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	43	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	132	44	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
iaajah-7968	132	45	controversially	controversially	ADV
iaajah-7968	132	46	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	132	47	reflects	reflect	VERB
iaajah-7968	132	48	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	132	49	pragmatic	pragmatic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	132	50	approach	approach	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	51	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	132	52	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	53	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	132	54	complex	complex	ADJ
iaajah-7968	132	55	interethnic	interethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	132	56	contexts	contexts	NOUN
iaajah-7968	132	57	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	132	58	obi	obi	PROPN
iaajah-7968	132	59	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	132	60	2010	2010	NUM
iaajah-7968	132	61	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	132	62	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	133	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	133	2	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	133	3	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	133	4	occasionally	occasionally	ADV
iaajah-7968	133	5	reduced	reduce	VERB
iaajah-7968	133	6	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	133	7	but	but	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	133	8	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	133	9	risk	risk	VERB
iaajah-7968	133	10	exacerbating	exacerbate	VERB
iaajah-7968	133	11	rivalries	rivalry	NOUN
iaajah-7968	133	12	when	when	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	133	13	not	not	PART
iaajah-7968	133	14	managed	manage	VERB
iaajah-7968	133	15	inclusively	inclusively	ADV
iaajah-7968	133	16	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	134	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	134	2	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	134	3	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	134	4	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	134	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	134	6	enduring	endure	VERB
iaajah-7968	134	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	134	8	hinder	hinder	VERB
iaajah-7968	134	9	long	long	ADJ
iaajah-7968	134	10	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	134	11	term	term	NOUN
iaajah-7968	134	12	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	134	13	co	co	NOUN
iaajah-7968	134	14	-	-	NOUN
iaajah-7968	134	15	operation	operation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	134	16	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	134	17	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	134	18	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	134	19	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	134	20	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	134	21	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
iaajah-7968	134	22	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	135	1	historical	historical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	135	2	grievances	grievance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	135	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	135	4	competition	competition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	135	5	over	over	ADP
iaajah-7968	135	6	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	135	7	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	135	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	135	9	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	135	10	external	external	ADJ
iaajah-7968	135	11	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	135	12	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	135	13	fracture	fracture	VERB
iaajah-7968	135	14	trust	trust	NOUN
iaajah-7968	135	15	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	135	16	eze	eze	PROPN
iaajah-7968	135	17	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	135	18	2010	2010	NUM
iaajah-7968	135	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	135	20	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	136	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
iaajah-7968	136	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	136	3	disparities	disparity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	136	4	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	136	5	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	136	6	representation	representation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	136	7	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	136	8	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	136	9	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	136	10	continue	continue	VERB
iaajah-7968	136	11	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	136	12	shape	shape	VERB
iaajah-7968	136	13	power	power	NOUN
iaajah-7968	136	14	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	136	15	within	within	ADP
iaajah-7968	136	16	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	136	17	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	136	18	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	137	1	environmental	environmental	ADJ
iaajah-7968	137	2	degradation	degradation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	137	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	137	4	economic	economic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	137	5	marginalization	marginalization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	137	6	further	further	ADJ
iaajah-7968	137	7	strain	strain	NOUN
iaajah-7968	137	8	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	137	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	137	10	complicating	complicate	VERB
iaajah-7968	137	11	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	137	12	efforts	effort	NOUN
iaajah-7968	137	13	toward	toward	ADP
iaajah-7968	137	14	peace	peace	NOUN
iaajah-7968	137	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	137	16	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	137	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	137	18	watts	watts	PROPN
iaajah-7968	137	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	137	20	2004	2004	NUM
iaajah-7968	137	21	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	137	22	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	138	1	addressing	address	VERB
iaajah-7968	138	2	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	138	3	root	root	NOUN
iaajah-7968	138	4	causes	cause	NOUN
iaajah-7968	138	5	is	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	138	6	critical	critical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	138	7	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	138	8	transforming	transform	VERB
iaajah-7968	138	9	militarized	militarized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	138	10	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	138	11	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	138	12	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
iaajah-7968	138	13	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	138	14	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	138	15	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	139	1	case	case	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	2	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	3	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	139	4	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	139	5	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	6	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	139	7	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	8	co	co	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	9	-	-	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	10	operation	operation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	11	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	139	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	139	13	1990s	1990	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	14	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	139	15	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	139	16	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	139	17	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	18	against	against	ADP
iaajah-7968	139	19	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	20	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	21	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	139	22	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	139	23	late	late	ADJ
iaajah-7968	139	24	1990s	1990	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	25	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	139	26	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	139	27	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	139	28	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	139	29	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	139	30	peoples	people	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	31	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	139	32	two	two	NUM
iaajah-7968	139	33	distinct	distinct	ADJ
iaajah-7968	139	34	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	139	35	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	36	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	139	37	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	139	38	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	39	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	139	40	producing	produce	VERB
iaajah-7968	139	41	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	42	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	43	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	139	44	formed	form	VERB
iaajah-7968	139	45	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	139	46	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	139	47	alliance	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	48	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	139	49	response	response	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	50	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	139	51	escalating	escalate	VERB
iaajah-7968	139	52	environmental	environmental	ADJ
iaajah-7968	139	53	degradation	degradation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	54	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	139	55	socio	socio	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	56	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	139	57	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	139	58	marginalization	marginalization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	59	caused	cause	VERB
iaajah-7968	139	60	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	139	61	multinational	multinational	ADJ
iaajah-7968	139	62	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	63	companies	company	NOUN
iaajah-7968	139	64	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	140	1	bound	bind	VERB
iaajah-7968	140	2	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	140	3	territorial	territorial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	140	4	proximity	proximity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	140	5	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	140	6	shared	share	VERB
iaajah-7968	140	7	grievances	grievance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	140	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	140	9	both	both	DET
iaajah-7968	140	10	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	140	11	confronted	confront	VERB
iaajah-7968	140	12	systemic	systemic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	140	13	injustices	injustice	NOUN
iaajah-7968	140	14	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	140	15	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	140	16	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	140	17	spills	spill	NOUN
iaajah-7968	140	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	140	19	gas	gas	NOUN
iaajah-7968	140	20	flaring	flaring	NOUN
iaajah-7968	140	21	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	140	22	loss	loss	NOUN
iaajah-7968	140	23	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	140	24	livelihoods	livelihood	NOUN
iaajah-7968	140	25	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	140	26	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	140	27	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	140	28	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	140	29	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	140	30	wealth	wealth	NOUN
iaajah-7968	140	31	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	140	32	okonta	okonta	PROPN
iaajah-7968	140	33	&	&	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	140	34	douglas	douglas	PROPN
iaajah-7968	140	35	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	140	36	2001	2001	NUM
iaajah-7968	140	37	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	140	38	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	141	1	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	141	2	alliance	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	141	3	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	141	4	characterized	characterize	VERB
iaajah-7968	141	5	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	141	6	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	141	7	protest	protest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	141	8	actions	action	NOUN
iaajah-7968	141	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	141	10	grassroots	grassroot	NOUN
iaajah-7968	141	11	mobilization	mobilization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	141	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	141	13	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	141	14	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	141	15	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	141	16	based	base	VERB
iaajah-7968	141	17	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
iaajah-7968	141	18	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	141	19	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	141	20	installations	installation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	141	21	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	142	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	142	2	two	two	NUM
iaajah-7968	142	3	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	142	4	worked	work	VERB
iaajah-7968	142	5	collaboratively	collaboratively	ADV
iaajah-7968	142	6	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	142	7	expose	expose	VERB
iaajah-7968	142	8	ecological	ecological	ADJ
iaajah-7968	142	9	abuses	abuse	NOUN
iaajah-7968	142	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	142	11	human	human	ADJ
iaajah-7968	142	12	rights	right	NOUN
iaajah-7968	142	13	violations	violation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	142	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	142	15	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	142	16	submitting	submit	VERB
iaajah-7968	142	17	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	142	18	petitions	petition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	142	19	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	142	20	international	international	ADJ
iaajah-7968	142	21	bodies	body	NOUN
iaajah-7968	142	22	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	142	23	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	142	24	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	142	25	international	international	ADJ
iaajah-7968	142	26	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	142	27	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	142	28	united	united	PROPN
iaajah-7968	142	29	nations	nations	PROPN
iaajah-7968	142	30	environmental	environmental	ADJ
iaajah-7968	142	31	programme	programme	NOUN
iaajah-7968	142	32	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	142	33	unep	unep	NOUN
iaajah-7968	142	34	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	142	35	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	143	1	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	143	2	advocacy	advocacy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	143	3	culminated	culminate	VERB
iaajah-7968	143	4	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	143	5	heightened	heightened	ADJ
iaajah-7968	143	6	global	global	ADJ
iaajah-7968	143	7	attention	attention	NOUN
iaajah-7968	143	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	143	9	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	143	10	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	143	11	plight	plight	NOUN
iaajah-7968	143	12	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	143	13	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	143	14	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	143	15	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	143	16	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
iaajah-7968	143	17	framed	frame	VERB
iaajah-7968	143	18	within	within	ADP
iaajah-7968	143	19	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	143	20	discourse	discourse	NOUN
iaajah-7968	143	21	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	143	22	environmental	environmental	ADJ
iaajah-7968	143	23	justice	justice	NOUN
iaajah-7968	143	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	143	25	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
iaajah-7968	143	26	rights	right	NOUN
iaajah-7968	143	27	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	143	28	human	human	ADJ
iaajah-7968	143	29	rights	right	NOUN
iaajah-7968	143	30	watch	watch	NOUN
iaajah-7968	143	31	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	143	32	1999	1999	NUM
iaajah-7968	143	33	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	143	34	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	144	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	144	2	severe	severe	ADJ
iaajah-7968	144	3	repression	repression	NOUN
iaajah-7968	144	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	144	5	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	144	6	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	144	7	raids	raid	NOUN
iaajah-7968	144	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	144	9	arrests	arrest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	144	10	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	144	11	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	144	12	intimidation	intimidation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	144	13	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
iaajah-7968	144	14	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	144	15	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	144	16	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	144	17	forces	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	144	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	144	19	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	144	20	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	144	21	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	144	22	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	144	23	partnership	partnership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	144	24	marked	mark	VERB
iaajah-7968	144	25	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	144	26	turning	turning	NOUN
iaajah-7968	144	27	point	point	NOUN
iaajah-7968	144	28	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	144	29	inter	inter	ADJ
iaajah-7968	144	30	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	144	31	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	144	32	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	144	33	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	145	1	it	it	PRON
iaajah-7968	145	2	moved	move	VERB
iaajah-7968	145	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	145	4	region	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	145	5	away	away	ADV
iaajah-7968	145	6	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	145	7	fragmented	fragmented	ADJ
iaajah-7968	145	8	resistance	resistance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	145	9	towards	towards	ADP
iaajah-7968	145	10	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	145	11	more	more	ADV
iaajah-7968	145	12	united	united	ADJ
iaajah-7968	145	13	front	front	NOUN
iaajah-7968	145	14	anchored	anchor	VERB
iaajah-7968	145	15	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	145	16	shared	share	VERB
iaajah-7968	145	17	ecological	ecological	ADJ
iaajah-7968	145	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	145	19	economic	economic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	145	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	145	21	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	145	22	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	145	23	concerns	concern	NOUN
iaajah-7968	145	24	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	146	1	post-2000s	post-2000s	VERB
iaajah-7968	146	2	developments	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	146	3	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	146	4	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	146	5	grassroots	grassroots	ADJ
iaajah-7968	146	6	resistance	resistance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	146	7	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	146	8	legal	legal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	146	9	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	146	10	policy	policy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	146	11	engagement	engagement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	146	12	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	146	13	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	146	14	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	146	15	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	146	16	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	146	17	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	146	18	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	146	19	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	146	20	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	146	21	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	146	22	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	147	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	147	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	148	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	148	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	148	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	148	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	148	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	148	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	148	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	148	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	148	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	148	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	148	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	148	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	148	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	148	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	148	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	148	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	148	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	148	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	148	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	148	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	148	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	149	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	149	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	149	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	149	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	149	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	149	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	149	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	149	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	149	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	149	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	149	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	149	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	149	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	149	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	149	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	149	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	149	22	institute	institute	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	23	70	70	NUM
iaajah-7968	149	24	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	149	25	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	149	26	decades	decade	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	27	following	follow	VERB
iaajah-7968	149	28	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	149	29	1990s	1990	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	30	protests	protest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	31	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	149	32	new	new	ADJ
iaajah-7968	149	33	forms	form	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	34	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	149	35	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	36	emerged	emerge	VERB
iaajah-7968	149	37	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	149	38	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	149	39	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	149	40	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	41	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	149	42	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	149	43	other	other	ADJ
iaajah-7968	149	44	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	45	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	46	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	149	47	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	150	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	150	2	efforts	effort	NOUN
iaajah-7968	150	3	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
iaajah-7968	150	4	moved	move	VERB
iaajah-7968	150	5	beyond	beyond	ADP
iaajah-7968	150	6	streetlevel	streetlevel	ADJ
iaajah-7968	150	7	resistance	resistance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	150	8	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	150	9	embrace	embrace	VERB
iaajah-7968	150	10	legal	legal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	150	11	advocacy	advocacy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	150	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	150	13	institutional	institutional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	150	14	engagement	engagement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	150	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	150	16	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	150	17	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	150	18	coalitions	coalition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	150	19	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	151	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	151	2	hydrocarbon	hydrocarbon	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	3	pollution	pollution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	4	remediation	remediation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	5	project	project	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	6	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	151	7	hyprep	hyprep	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	8	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	151	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	151	10	initiated	initiate	VERB
iaajah-7968	151	11	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	151	12	2016	2016	NUM
iaajah-7968	151	13	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	151	14	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	151	15	response	response	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	16	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	151	17	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	151	18	unep	unep	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	19	report	report	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	20	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	151	21	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	151	22	land	land	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	151	24	benefited	benefit	VERB
iaajah-7968	151	25	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	151	26	sustained	sustained	ADJ
iaajah-7968	151	27	pressure	pressure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	28	not	not	PART
iaajah-7968	151	29	only	only	ADV
iaajah-7968	151	30	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	151	31	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	151	32	activists	activist	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	33	but	but	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	151	34	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	151	35	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	151	36	broader	broad	ADJ
iaajah-7968	151	37	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	151	38	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	39	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	151	40	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	151	41	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	151	42	civil	civil	ADJ
iaajah-7968	151	43	society	society	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	44	organizations	organization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	45	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	151	46	who	who	PRON
iaajah-7968	151	47	advocated	advocate	VERB
iaajah-7968	151	48	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	151	49	transparency	transparency	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	50	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	151	51	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	52	participation	participation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	53	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	151	54	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	151	55	clean	clean	ADJ
iaajah-7968	151	56	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	151	57	up	up	ADP
iaajah-7968	151	58	process	process	NOUN
iaajah-7968	151	59	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	152	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
iaajah-7968	152	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	152	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	152	4	formation	formation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	152	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	152	6	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN
iaajah-7968	152	7	organizations	organization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	152	8	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	152	9	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	152	10	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	152	11	pan	pan	ADJ
iaajah-7968	152	12	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	152	13	niger	niger	ADJ
iaajah-7968	152	14	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	152	15	forum	forum	NOUN
iaajah-7968	152	16	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	152	17	pandef	pandef	PROPN
iaajah-7968	152	18	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	152	19	created	create	VERB
iaajah-7968	152	20	space	space	NOUN
iaajah-7968	152	21	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	152	22	sustained	sustained	ADJ
iaajah-7968	152	23	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	152	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	152	25	policy	policy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	152	26	coordination	coordination	NOUN
iaajah-7968	152	27	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	152	28	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	152	29	nationalities	nationality	NOUN
iaajah-7968	152	30	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	152	31	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	152	32	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	152	33	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	152	34	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	152	35	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	152	36	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	153	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	153	2	bodies	body	NOUN
iaajah-7968	153	3	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	153	4	consistently	consistently	ADV
iaajah-7968	153	5	demanded	demand	VERB
iaajah-7968	153	6	greater	great	ADJ
iaajah-7968	153	7	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	153	8	federalism	federalism	NOUN
iaajah-7968	153	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	153	10	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	153	11	ownership	ownership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	153	12	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	153	13	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	153	14	resources	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	153	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	153	16	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	153	17	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	153	18	investment	investment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	153	19	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	153	20	affected	affected	ADJ
iaajah-7968	153	21	regions	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	153	22	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	154	1	though	though	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	154	2	uneven	uneven	ADJ
iaajah-7968	154	3	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	154	4	impact	impact	NOUN
iaajah-7968	154	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	154	6	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	154	7	coalitions	coalition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	154	8	underscore	underscore	VERB
iaajah-7968	154	9	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	154	10	shift	shift	NOUN
iaajah-7968	154	11	towards	towards	ADP
iaajah-7968	154	12	institutionalized	institutionalize	VERB
iaajah-7968	154	13	forms	form	NOUN
iaajah-7968	154	14	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	154	15	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	154	16	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	154	17	rooted	root	VERB
iaajah-7968	154	18	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	154	19	collective	collective	ADJ
iaajah-7968	154	20	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	154	21	identity	identity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	154	22	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	154	23	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	154	24	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	154	25	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	155	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	155	2	recent	recent	ADJ
iaajah-7968	155	3	years	year	NOUN
iaajah-7968	155	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	155	5	youth	youth	NOUN
iaajah-7968	155	6	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	155	7	led	lead	VERB
iaajah-7968	155	8	climate	climate	NOUN
iaajah-7968	155	9	justice	justice	NOUN
iaajah-7968	155	10	movements	movement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	155	11	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	155	12	rivers	river	NOUN
iaajah-7968	155	13	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	155	14	;	;	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	155	15	many	many	ADJ
iaajah-7968	155	16	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	155	17	roots	root	NOUN
iaajah-7968	155	18	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	155	19	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	155	20	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	155	21	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	155	22	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	155	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	155	24	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	155	25	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	155	26	revived	revive	VERB
iaajah-7968	155	27	calls	call	NOUN
iaajah-7968	155	28	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	155	29	environmental	environmental	ADJ
iaajah-7968	155	30	accountability	accountability	NOUN
iaajah-7968	155	31	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	156	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	156	2	movements	movement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	156	3	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	156	4	harnessed	harness	VERB
iaajah-7968	156	5	digital	digital	ADJ
iaajah-7968	156	6	platforms	platform	NOUN
iaajah-7968	156	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	156	8	partnered	partner	VERB
iaajah-7968	156	9	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	156	10	international	international	ADJ
iaajah-7968	156	11	ngos	ngo	NOUN
iaajah-7968	156	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	156	13	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	156	14	used	use	VERB
iaajah-7968	156	15	litigation	litigation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	156	16	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	156	17	press	press	VERB
iaajah-7968	156	18	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	156	19	corporate	corporate	ADJ
iaajah-7968	156	20	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	156	21	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	156	22	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
iaajah-7968	156	23	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	157	1	notably	notably	ADV
iaajah-7968	157	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	157	3	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	157	4	2022	2022	NUM
iaajah-7968	157	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	157	6	youth	youth	NOUN
iaajah-7968	157	7	coalitions	coalition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	157	8	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	157	9	both	both	DET
iaajah-7968	157	10	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	157	11	staged	stage	VERB
iaajah-7968	157	12	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	157	13	demonstrations	demonstration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	157	14	calling	call	VERB
iaajah-7968	157	15	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	157	16	expedited	expedited	ADJ
iaajah-7968	157	17	action	action	NOUN
iaajah-7968	157	18	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	157	19	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	157	20	unep	unep	NOUN
iaajah-7968	157	21	clean	clean	PROPN
iaajah-7968	157	22	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	157	23	up	up	NOUN
iaajah-7968	157	24	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	157	25	better	well	ADJ
iaajah-7968	157	26	regulation	regulation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	157	27	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	157	28	artisanal	artisanal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	157	29	refining	refining	NOUN
iaajah-7968	157	30	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	157	31	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	157	32	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	157	33	development	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	157	34	planning	planning	NOUN
iaajah-7968	157	35	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	158	1	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	158	2	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	158	3	volatile	volatile	ADJ
iaajah-7968	158	4	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	158	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	158	6	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	158	7	1990s	1990	NOUN
iaajah-7968	158	8	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	158	9	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	158	10	more	more	ADV
iaajah-7968	158	11	structured	structured	ADJ
iaajah-7968	158	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	158	13	policy	policy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	158	14	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	158	15	driven	drive	VERB
iaajah-7968	158	16	collaborations	collaboration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	158	17	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	158	18	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	158	19	2000s	2000	NOUN
iaajah-7968	158	20	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	158	21	beyond	beyond	ADP
iaajah-7968	158	22	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	158	23	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	158	24	relationship	relationship	NOUN
iaajah-7968	158	25	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	158	26	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	158	27	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	158	28	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	158	29	ikwerre	ikwerre	PROPN
iaajah-7968	158	30	reflects	reflect	VERB
iaajah-7968	158	31	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	158	32	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	158	33	model	model	NOUN
iaajah-7968	158	34	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	158	35	interethnic	interethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	158	36	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	158	37	alliance	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	158	38	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	158	39	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	158	40	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	158	41	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	158	42	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	159	1	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	159	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	3	remain	remain	VERB
iaajah-7968	159	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	159	5	especially	especially	ADV
iaajah-7968	159	6	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	159	7	relation	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	8	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	159	9	elite	elite	ADJ
iaajah-7968	159	10	capture	capture	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	11	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	159	12	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	13	repression	repression	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	159	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	159	16	environmental	environmental	ADJ
iaajah-7968	159	17	degradation	degradation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	159	19	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	159	20	evolving	evolve	VERB
iaajah-7968	159	21	forms	form	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	22	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	159	23	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	24	highlight	highlight	VERB
iaajah-7968	159	25	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	159	26	potential	potential	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	27	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	159	28	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	29	solidarity	solidarity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	30	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	159	31	confronting	confront	VERB
iaajah-7968	159	32	shared	share	VERB
iaajah-7968	159	33	threats	threat	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	34	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	159	35	ecological	ecological	ADJ
iaajah-7968	159	36	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	37	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	159	38	economic	economic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	159	39	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	159	40	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	160	1	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	160	2	vigilante	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	160	3	patrols	patrol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	160	4	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	160	5	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	160	6	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	160	7	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	160	8	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	160	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	160	10	early	early	ADJ
iaajah-7968	160	11	2000s	2000s	NUM
iaajah-7968	160	12	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	160	13	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	160	14	early	early	ADJ
iaajah-7968	160	15	2000s	2000s	NUM
iaajah-7968	160	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	160	17	amid	amid	ADP
iaajah-7968	160	18	escalating	escalate	VERB
iaajah-7968	160	19	militant	militant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	160	20	activities	activity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	160	21	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	160	22	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	160	23	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	160	24	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	160	25	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	160	26	grassroots	grassroots	ADJ
iaajah-7968	160	27	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	160	28	responses	response	NOUN
iaajah-7968	160	29	emerged	emerge	VERB
iaajah-7968	160	30	as	as	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	160	31	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	160	32	sought	seek	VERB
iaajah-7968	160	33	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	160	34	reclaim	reclaim	VERB
iaajah-7968	160	35	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	160	36	measure	measure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	160	37	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	160	38	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	160	39	over	over	ADP
iaajah-7968	160	40	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	160	41	safety	safety	NOUN
iaajah-7968	160	42	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	161	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	161	2	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	161	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	161	4	along	along	ADP
iaajah-7968	161	5	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	161	6	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	161	7	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	161	8	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	161	9	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	161	10	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	161	11	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	161	12	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	161	13	other	other	ADJ
iaajah-7968	161	14	riverine	riverine	NOUN
iaajah-7968	161	15	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	161	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	161	17	initiated	initiate	VERB
iaajah-7968	161	18	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	161	19	vigilante	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	161	20	patrols	patrol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	161	21	aimed	aim	VERB
iaajah-7968	161	22	at	at	ADP
iaajah-7968	161	23	countering	counter	VERB
iaajah-7968	161	24	both	both	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	161	25	insurgent	insurgent	NOUN
iaajah-7968	161	26	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	161	27	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	161	28	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	161	29	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	161	30	oppressive	oppressive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	161	31	actions	action	NOUN
iaajah-7968	161	32	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	161	33	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	161	34	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	161	35	forces	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	161	36	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	161	37	eze	eze	PROPN
iaajah-7968	161	38	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	161	39	2010	2010	NUM
iaajah-7968	161	40	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	161	41	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	162	1	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	162	2	period	period	NOUN
iaajah-7968	162	3	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	162	4	marked	mark	VERB
iaajah-7968	162	5	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	162	6	widespread	widespread	ADJ
iaajah-7968	162	7	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	162	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	162	9	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	162	10	militant	militant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	162	11	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	162	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	162	13	some	some	PRON
iaajah-7968	162	14	advocating	advocate	VERB
iaajah-7968	162	15	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	162	16	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	162	17	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	162	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	162	19	others	other	NOUN
iaajah-7968	162	20	driven	drive	VERB
iaajah-7968	162	21	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	162	22	criminal	criminal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	162	23	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
iaajah-7968	162	24	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	162	25	targeted	target	VERB
iaajah-7968	162	26	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	162	27	installations	installation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	162	28	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	162	29	kidnapped	kidnap	VERB
iaajah-7968	162	30	workers	worker	NOUN
iaajah-7968	162	31	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	162	32	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	162	33	clashed	clash	VERB
iaajah-7968	162	34	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	162	35	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	162	36	military	military	NOUN
iaajah-7968	162	37	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	163	1	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
iaajah-7968	163	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	163	3	government	government	NOUN
iaajah-7968	163	4	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	163	5	forces	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	163	6	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	163	7	frequently	frequently	ADV
iaajah-7968	163	8	accused	accuse	VERB
iaajah-7968	163	9	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	163	10	heavyhandedness	heavyhandedness	NOUN
iaajah-7968	163	11	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	163	12	arbitrary	arbitrary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	163	13	arrests	arrest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	163	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	163	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	163	16	extrajudicial	extrajudicial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	163	17	killings	killing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	163	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	163	19	further	far	ADV
iaajah-7968	163	20	destabilizing	destabilizing	VERB
iaajah-7968	163	21	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	163	22	region	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	163	23	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	163	24	watts	watts	PROPN
iaajah-7968	163	25	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	163	26	2007	2007	NUM
iaajah-7968	163	27	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	163	28	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	164	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	164	2	response	response	NOUN
iaajah-7968	164	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	164	4	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	164	5	youth	youth	NOUN
iaajah-7968	164	6	organizations	organization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	164	7	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	164	8	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	164	9	leaders	leader	NOUN
iaajah-7968	164	10	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	164	11	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	164	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	164	13	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	164	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	164	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	164	16	adjacent	adjacent	ADJ
iaajah-7968	164	17	areas	area	NOUN
iaajah-7968	164	18	collaborated	collaborate	VERB
iaajah-7968	164	19	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	164	20	form	form	VERB
iaajah-7968	164	21	vigilante	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	164	22	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	164	23	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	164	24	conducted	conduct	VERB
iaajah-7968	164	25	coordinated	coordinate	VERB
iaajah-7968	164	26	patrols	patrol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	164	27	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	164	28	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	164	29	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	164	30	sharing	share	VERB
iaajah-7968	164	31	operations	operation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	164	32	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	165	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	165	2	patrols	patrol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	165	3	primarily	primarily	ADV
iaajah-7968	165	4	focused	focus	VERB
iaajah-7968	165	5	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	165	6	securing	secure	VERB
iaajah-7968	165	7	rural	rural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	165	8	villages	village	NOUN
iaajah-7968	165	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	165	10	oilbearing	oilbearing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	165	11	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	165	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	165	13	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	165	14	transportation	transportation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	165	15	routes	route	NOUN
iaajah-7968	165	16	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	165	17	both	both	DET
iaajah-7968	165	18	militant	militant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	165	19	incursions	incursion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	165	20	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	165	21	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	165	22	raids	raid	NOUN
iaajah-7968	165	23	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	166	1	beyond	beyond	ADP
iaajah-7968	166	2	policing	policing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	166	3	functions	function	NOUN
iaajah-7968	166	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	166	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	166	6	vigilantes	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	166	7	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	166	8	played	play	VERB
iaajah-7968	166	9	mediating	mediating	NOUN
iaajah-7968	166	10	roles	role	NOUN
iaajah-7968	166	11	;	;	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	166	12	engaging	engage	VERB
iaajah-7968	166	13	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	166	14	ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN
iaajah-7968	166	15	negotiations	negotiation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	166	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	166	17	de	de	ADJ
iaajah-7968	166	18	-	-	VERB
iaajah-7968	166	19	escalating	escalate	VERB
iaajah-7968	166	20	inter	inter	ADJ
iaajah-7968	166	21	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	166	22	communal	communal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	166	23	tensions	tension	NOUN
iaajah-7968	166	24	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	166	25	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	166	26	serving	serve	VERB
iaajah-7968	166	27	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	166	28	intermediaries	intermediary	NOUN
iaajah-7968	166	29	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	166	30	restive	restive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	166	31	youths	youth	NOUN
iaajah-7968	166	32	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	166	33	government	government	NOUN
iaajah-7968	166	34	officials	official	NOUN
iaajah-7968	166	35	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	167	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	167	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	167	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	167	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	167	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	167	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	167	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	167	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	167	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	167	10	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	167	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	168	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	168	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	169	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	169	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	169	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	169	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	169	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	169	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	169	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	169	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	169	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	169	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	169	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	169	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	169	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	169	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	169	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	169	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	169	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	169	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	169	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	169	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	169	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	170	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	170	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	170	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	170	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	170	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	170	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	170	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	170	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	170	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	170	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	170	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	170	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	170	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	170	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	170	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	170	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	170	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	170	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	170	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	170	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	170	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	170	22	institute	institute	PROPN
iaajah-7968	170	23	71	71	NUM
iaajah-7968	170	24	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	170	25	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	170	26	nature	nature	NOUN
iaajah-7968	170	27	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	170	28	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	170	29	patrols	patrol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	170	30	fostered	foster	VERB
iaajah-7968	170	31	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	170	32	sense	sense	NOUN
iaajah-7968	170	33	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	170	34	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	170	35	solidarity	solidarity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	170	36	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	170	37	temporarily	temporarily	ADV
iaajah-7968	170	38	reduced	reduce	VERB
iaajah-7968	170	39	localized	localized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	170	40	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	170	41	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	170	42	contributed	contribute	VERB
iaajah-7968	170	43	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	170	44	more	more	ADV
iaajah-7968	170	45	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
iaajah-7968	170	46	relationships	relationship	NOUN
iaajah-7968	170	47	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	170	48	external	external	ADJ
iaajah-7968	170	49	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	170	50	actors	actor	NOUN
iaajah-7968	170	51	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	171	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	171	2	certain	certain	ADJ
iaajah-7968	171	3	areas	area	NOUN
iaajah-7968	171	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	171	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	171	6	presence	presence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	171	7	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	171	8	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	171	9	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	171	10	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	171	11	networks	network	NOUN
iaajah-7968	171	12	led	lead	VERB
iaajah-7968	171	13	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	171	14	informal	informal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	171	15	agreements	agreement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	171	16	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	171	17	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	171	18	commanders	commander	NOUN
iaajah-7968	171	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	171	20	whereby	whereby	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	171	21	vigilantes	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	171	22	would	would	AUX
iaajah-7968	171	23	provide	provide	VERB
iaajah-7968	171	24	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	171	25	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	171	26	exchange	exchange	NOUN
iaajah-7968	171	27	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	171	28	restraint	restraint	NOUN
iaajah-7968	171	29	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	171	30	protection	protection	NOUN
iaajah-7968	171	31	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	171	32	civilians	civilian	NOUN
iaajah-7968	171	33	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	172	1	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	172	2	model	model	NOUN
iaajah-7968	172	3	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	172	4	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	172	5	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	172	6	based	base	VERB
iaajah-7968	172	7	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	172	8	filled	fill	VERB
iaajah-7968	172	9	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	172	10	critical	critical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	172	11	gap	gap	NOUN
iaajah-7968	172	12	left	leave	VERB
iaajah-7968	172	13	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	172	14	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	172	15	institutions	institution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	172	16	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	172	17	highlighted	highlight	VERB
iaajah-7968	172	18	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	172	19	importance	importance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	172	20	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	172	21	locally	locally	ADV
iaajah-7968	172	22	embedded	embed	VERB
iaajah-7968	172	23	peacekeeping	peacekeeping	NOUN
iaajah-7968	172	24	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
iaajah-7968	172	25	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	172	26	fragile	fragile	ADJ
iaajah-7968	172	27	regions	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	172	28	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	173	1	however	however	ADV
iaajah-7968	173	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	173	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	173	4	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
iaajah-7968	173	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	173	6	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	173	7	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
iaajah-7968	173	8	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	173	9	limited	limit	VERB
iaajah-7968	173	10	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	173	11	several	several	ADJ
iaajah-7968	173	12	structural	structural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	173	13	challenges	challenge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	173	14	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	174	1	rivalries	rivalry	NOUN
iaajah-7968	174	2	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	174	3	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	174	4	militias	militia	NOUN
iaajah-7968	174	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	174	6	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	174	7	co	co	NOUN
iaajah-7968	174	8	-	-	NOUN
iaajah-7968	174	9	optation	optation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	174	10	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	174	11	vigilante	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	174	12	leaders	leader	NOUN
iaajah-7968	174	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	174	14	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	174	15	competition	competition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	174	16	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	174	17	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	174	18	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	174	19	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	174	20	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	174	21	related	relate	VERB
iaajah-7968	174	22	funding	funding	NOUN
iaajah-7968	174	23	frequently	frequently	ADV
iaajah-7968	174	24	undermined	undermine	VERB
iaajah-7968	174	25	cohesion	cohesion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	174	26	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	175	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
iaajah-7968	175	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	175	3	as	as	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	175	4	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	175	5	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	175	6	programs	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	175	7	began	begin	VERB
iaajah-7968	175	8	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	175	9	absorb	absorb	VERB
iaajah-7968	175	10	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	175	11	demobilize	demobilize	VERB
iaajah-7968	175	12	militants	militant	NOUN
iaajah-7968	175	13	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	175	14	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	175	15	late	late	ADJ
iaajah-7968	175	16	2000s	2000s	NUM
iaajah-7968	175	17	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	175	18	many	many	ADJ
iaajah-7968	175	19	vigilante	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	175	20	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	175	21	struggled	struggle	VERB
iaajah-7968	175	22	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	175	23	define	define	VERB
iaajah-7968	175	24	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	175	25	post	post	ADJ
iaajah-7968	175	26	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	175	27	conflict	conflict	ADJ
iaajah-7968	175	28	roles	role	NOUN
iaajah-7968	175	29	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	176	1	some	some	PRON
iaajah-7968	176	2	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	176	3	dissolved	dissolve	VERB
iaajah-7968	176	4	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	176	5	absorbed	absorb	VERB
iaajah-7968	176	6	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	176	7	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	176	8	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	176	9	sponsored	sponsor	VERB
iaajah-7968	176	10	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	176	11	frameworks	framework	NOUN
iaajah-7968	176	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	176	13	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	176	14	others	other	NOUN
iaajah-7968	176	15	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	176	16	politicized	politicize	VERB
iaajah-7968	176	17	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	176	18	contributing	contribute	VERB
iaajah-7968	176	19	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	176	20	election	election	NOUN
iaajah-7968	176	21	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	176	22	related	relate	VERB
iaajah-7968	176	23	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	176	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	176	25	eroding	erode	VERB
iaajah-7968	176	26	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	176	27	original	original	ADJ
iaajah-7968	176	28	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	176	29	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	176	30	oriented	orient	VERB
iaajah-7968	176	31	mandate	mandate	NOUN
iaajah-7968	176	32	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	177	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	177	2	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	177	3	complications	complication	NOUN
iaajah-7968	177	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	177	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	177	6	early	early	ADJ
iaajah-7968	177	7	2000s	2000s	NUM
iaajah-7968	177	8	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	177	9	vigilante	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	177	10	efforts	effort	NOUN
iaajah-7968	177	11	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	177	12	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	177	13	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	177	14	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	177	15	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	177	16	remain	remain	VERB
iaajah-7968	177	17	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	177	18	compelling	compelling	ADJ
iaajah-7968	177	19	example	example	NOUN
iaajah-7968	177	20	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	177	21	grassroots	grassroots	ADJ
iaajah-7968	177	22	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	177	23	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	177	24	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	177	25	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	177	26	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	177	27	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	177	28	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	178	1	they	they	PRON
iaajah-7968	178	2	illustrate	illustrate	VERB
iaajah-7968	178	3	how	how	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	178	4	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	178	5	actorswhen	actorswhen	NOUN
iaajah-7968	178	6	faced	face	VERB
iaajah-7968	178	7	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	178	8	dual	dual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	178	9	threats	threat	NOUN
iaajah-7968	178	10	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	178	11	insurgency	insurgency	NOUN
iaajah-7968	178	12	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	178	13	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	178	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	178	15	can	can	AUX
iaajah-7968	178	16	mobilize	mobilize	VERB
iaajah-7968	178	17	shared	shared	ADJ
iaajah-7968	178	18	interests	interest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	178	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	178	20	negotiate	negotiate	VERB
iaajah-7968	178	21	peace	peace	NOUN
iaajah-7968	178	22	at	at	ADP
iaajah-7968	178	23	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	178	24	micro	micro	NOUN
iaajah-7968	178	25	-	-	NOUN
iaajah-7968	178	26	level	level	NOUN
iaajah-7968	178	27	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	178	28	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	178	29	temporarily	temporarily	ADV
iaajah-7968	178	30	stabilize	stabilize	VERB
iaajah-7968	178	31	highly	highly	ADV
iaajah-7968	178	32	volatile	volatile	ADJ
iaajah-7968	178	33	environments	environment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	178	34	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	179	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	179	2	experiences	experience	NOUN
iaajah-7968	179	3	continue	continue	VERB
iaajah-7968	179	4	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	179	5	inform	inform	VERB
iaajah-7968	179	6	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	179	7	debates	debate	NOUN
iaajah-7968	179	8	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	179	9	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	179	10	policing	policing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	179	11	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	179	12	civilian	civilian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	179	13	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	179	14	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	179	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	179	16	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	179	17	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	179	18	ownership	ownership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	179	19	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	179	20	peacebuilding	peacebuilding	NOUN
iaajah-7968	179	21	processes	process	NOUN
iaajah-7968	179	22	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	179	23	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	179	24	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	179	25	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	179	26	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	179	27	producing	produce	VERB
iaajah-7968	179	28	regions	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	179	29	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	180	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	180	2	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	180	3	early	early	ADJ
iaajah-7968	180	4	2000s	2000s	NUM
iaajah-7968	180	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	180	6	as	as	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	180	7	militant	militant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	180	8	activities	activity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	180	9	intensified	intensify	VERB
iaajah-7968	180	10	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	180	11	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	180	12	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	180	13	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	180	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	180	15	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	180	16	youths	youth	NOUN
iaajah-7968	180	17	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	180	18	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	180	19	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	180	20	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	180	21	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	180	22	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	180	23	ikwere	ikwere	NOUN
iaajah-7968	180	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	180	25	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	180	26	established	establish	VERB
iaajah-7968	180	27	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	180	28	vigilante	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	180	29	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	180	30	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	180	31	protect	protect	VERB
iaajah-7968	180	32	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	180	33	villages	village	NOUN
iaajah-7968	180	34	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	180	35	both	both	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	180	36	militant	militant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	180	37	attacks	attack	NOUN
iaajah-7968	180	38	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	180	39	excessive	excessive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	180	40	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	180	41	presence	presence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	180	42	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	180	43	eze	eze	PROPN
iaajah-7968	180	44	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	180	45	2010	2010	NUM
iaajah-7968	180	46	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	180	47	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	181	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	181	2	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	181	3	conducted	conduct	VERB
iaajah-7968	181	4	coordinated	coordinated	ADJ
iaajah-7968	181	5	patrols	patrol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	181	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	181	7	shared	share	VERB
iaajah-7968	181	8	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	181	9	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	181	10	suspicious	suspicious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	181	11	activities	activity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	181	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	181	13	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	181	14	negotiated	negotiate	VERB
iaajah-7968	181	15	ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN
iaajah-7968	181	16	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	181	17	locally	locally	ADV
iaajah-7968	181	18	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	182	1	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	182	2	grassroots	grassroots	ADJ
iaajah-7968	182	3	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	182	4	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	182	5	helped	help	VERB
iaajah-7968	182	6	reduce	reduce	VERB
iaajah-7968	182	7	localized	localized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	182	8	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	182	9	temporarily	temporarily	ADV
iaajah-7968	182	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	182	11	fostered	foster	VERB
iaajah-7968	182	12	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	182	13	platform	platform	NOUN
iaajah-7968	182	14	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	182	15	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	182	16	between	between	ADP
iaajah-7968	182	17	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	182	18	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	182	19	government	government	NOUN
iaajah-7968	182	20	forces	force	NOUN
iaajah-7968	182	21	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	183	1	however	however	ADV
iaajah-7968	183	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	183	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	183	4	remained	remain	VERB
iaajah-7968	183	5	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	183	6	sustaining	sustain	VERB
iaajah-7968	183	7	unity	unity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	183	8	amid	amid	ADP
iaajah-7968	183	9	competing	compete	VERB
iaajah-7968	183	10	militia	militia	NOUN
iaajah-7968	183	11	interests	interest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	183	12	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	183	13	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	183	14	interference	interference	NOUN
iaajah-7968	183	15	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	183	16	watts	watts	PROPN
iaajah-7968	183	17	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	183	18	2007	2007	NUM
iaajah-7968	183	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	183	20	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	184	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	184	2	2009	2009	NUM
iaajah-7968	184	3	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	4	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	5	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	6	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	7	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	184	8	multi	multi	ADJ
iaajah-7968	184	9	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	184	10	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	184	11	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	12	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	13	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	184	14	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	184	15	government	government	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	16	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	184	17	2009	2009	NUM
iaajah-7968	184	18	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	19	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	20	marked	mark	VERB
iaajah-7968	184	21	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	184	22	significant	significant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	184	23	turning	turning	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	24	point	point	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	25	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	184	26	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	184	27	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	28	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	184	29	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	184	30	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	31	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	184	32	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	184	33	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	34	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	184	35	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	185	1	originally	originally	ADV
iaajah-7968	185	2	conceived	conceive	VERB
iaajah-7968	185	3	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	185	4	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	185	5	response	response	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	6	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	185	7	years	year	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	8	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	185	9	armed	armed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	185	10	insurgency	insurgency	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	11	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	185	12	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	13	pipeline	pipeline	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	14	sabotage	sabotage	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	185	16	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	185	17	hostage	hostage	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	18	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	185	19	taking	taking	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	20	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	185	21	militant	militant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	185	22	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	185	24	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	185	25	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	26	provided	provide	VERB
iaajah-7968	185	27	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	185	28	conditional	conditional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	185	29	pardon	pardon	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	30	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	185	31	militants	militant	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	32	who	who	PRON
iaajah-7968	185	33	agreed	agree	VERB
iaajah-7968	185	34	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	185	35	disarm	disarm	VERB
iaajah-7968	185	36	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	185	37	undergo	undergo	VERB
iaajah-7968	185	38	rehabilitation	rehabilitation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	39	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	185	40	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	185	41	reintegrate	reintegrate	VERB
iaajah-7968	185	42	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	185	43	civilian	civilian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	185	44	life	life	NOUN
iaajah-7968	185	45	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	186	1	one	one	NUM
iaajah-7968	186	2	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	186	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	186	4	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	186	5	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	186	6	less	less	ADV
iaajah-7968	186	7	frequently	frequently	ADV
iaajah-7968	186	8	discussed	discuss	VERB
iaajah-7968	186	9	but	but	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	186	10	critical	critical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	186	11	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
iaajah-7968	186	12	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	186	13	its	its	PRON
iaajah-7968	186	14	role	role	NOUN
iaajah-7968	186	15	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	186	16	fostering	foster	VERB
iaajah-7968	186	17	multi	multi	ADJ
iaajah-7968	186	18	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	186	19	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	186	20	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	186	21	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	186	22	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	186	23	historically	historically	ADV
iaajah-7968	186	24	divided	divide	VERB
iaajah-7968	186	25	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	186	26	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	186	27	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	186	28	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	186	29	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	186	30	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	186	31	ijaw	ijaw	ADJ
iaajah-7968	186	32	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	186	33	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	186	34	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	186	35	itsekiri	itsekiri	NOUN
iaajah-7968	186	36	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	186	37	urhobo	urhobo	NOUN
iaajah-7968	186	38	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	186	39	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	186	40	others	other	NOUN
iaajah-7968	186	41	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	186	42	amnesty	amnesty	PROPN
iaajah-7968	186	43	international	international	PROPN
iaajah-7968	186	44	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	186	45	2009	2009	NUM
iaajah-7968	186	46	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	186	47	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	187	1	prior	prior	ADV
iaajah-7968	187	2	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	187	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	187	4	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	187	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	187	6	inter	inter	ADJ
iaajah-7968	187	7	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	187	8	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	187	9	rivalries	rivalry	NOUN
iaajah-7968	187	10	fueled	fuel	VERB
iaajah-7968	187	11	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	187	12	competition	competition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	187	13	over	over	ADP
iaajah-7968	187	14	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	187	15	revenues	revenue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	187	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	187	17	land	land	NOUN
iaajah-7968	187	18	ownership	ownership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	187	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	187	20	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	187	21	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	187	22	appointments	appointment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	187	23	had	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	187	24	frequently	frequently	ADV
iaajah-7968	187	25	erupted	erupt	VERB
iaajah-7968	187	26	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	187	27	violent	violent	ADJ
iaajah-7968	187	28	clashes	clash	NOUN
iaajah-7968	187	29	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	188	1	however	however	ADV
iaajah-7968	188	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	188	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	188	4	shared	share	VERB
iaajah-7968	188	5	experience	experience	NOUN
iaajah-7968	188	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	188	7	marginalization	marginalization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	188	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	188	9	involvement	involvement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	188	10	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	188	11	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	188	12	militancy	militancy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	188	13	provided	provide	VERB
iaajah-7968	188	14	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	188	15	platform	platform	NOUN
iaajah-7968	188	16	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	188	17	former	former	ADJ
iaajah-7968	188	18	combatants	combatant	NOUN
iaajah-7968	188	19	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	188	20	various	various	ADJ
iaajah-7968	188	21	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	188	22	backgrounds	background	NOUN
iaajah-7968	188	23	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	188	24	interact	interact	VERB
iaajah-7968	188	25	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	188	26	new	new	ADJ
iaajah-7968	188	27	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	188	28	cooperative	cooperative	ADJ
iaajah-7968	188	29	settings	setting	NOUN
iaajah-7968	188	30	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	189	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	189	2	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	189	3	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	189	4	structure	structure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	189	5	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
iaajah-7968	189	6	this	this	PRON
iaajah-7968	189	7	through	through	ADP
iaajah-7968	189	8	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	189	9	vocational	vocational	ADJ
iaajah-7968	189	10	training	training	NOUN
iaajah-7968	189	11	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	189	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	189	13	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	189	14	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	189	15	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	189	16	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	189	17	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	189	18	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	189	19	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	189	20	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	189	21	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	190	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	190	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	191	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	191	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	191	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	191	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	191	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	191	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	191	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	191	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	191	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	191	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	191	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	191	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	191	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	191	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	191	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	191	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	191	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	191	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	191	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	191	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	191	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	192	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	192	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	192	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	192	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	192	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	192	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	192	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	192	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	192	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	192	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	192	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	192	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	192	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	192	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	192	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	192	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	192	22	institute	institute	PROPN
iaajah-7968	192	23	72	72	NUM
iaajah-7968	192	24	programs	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	25	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	192	26	peacebuilding	peacebuilde	VERB
iaajah-7968	192	27	workshops	workshop	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	28	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	192	29	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	192	30	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	31	development	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	32	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	33	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	192	34	where	where	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	192	35	exmilitants	exmilitant	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	36	engaged	engage	VERB
iaajah-7968	192	37	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	192	38	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
iaajah-7968	192	39	efforts	effort	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	40	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	192	41	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
iaajah-7968	192	42	shared	share	VERB
iaajah-7968	192	43	goals	goal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	44	over	over	ADP
iaajah-7968	192	45	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	192	46	allegiances	allegiance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	192	47	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	193	1	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	193	2	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	193	3	engagement	engagement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	193	4	was	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	193	5	further	far	ADV
iaajah-7968	193	6	supported	support	VERB
iaajah-7968	193	7	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	193	8	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	193	9	platforms	platform	NOUN
iaajah-7968	193	10	created	create	VERB
iaajah-7968	193	11	under	under	ADP
iaajah-7968	193	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	193	13	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	193	14	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	193	15	peace	peace	NOUN
iaajah-7968	193	16	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	193	17	reconciliation	reconciliation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	193	18	components	component	NOUN
iaajah-7968	193	19	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	194	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	194	2	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	194	3	forums	forum	NOUN
iaajah-7968	194	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	194	5	former	former	ADJ
iaajah-7968	194	6	fighters	fighter	NOUN
iaajah-7968	194	7	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	194	8	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	194	9	leaders	leader	NOUN
iaajah-7968	194	10	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	194	11	encouraged	encourage	VERB
iaajah-7968	194	12	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	194	13	discuss	discuss	VERB
iaajah-7968	194	14	grievances	grievance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	194	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	194	16	build	build	VERB
iaajah-7968	194	17	mutual	mutual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	194	18	understanding	understanding	NOUN
iaajah-7968	194	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	194	20	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	194	21	contribute	contribute	VERB
iaajah-7968	194	22	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	194	23	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	194	24	strategies	strategy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	194	25	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	194	26	preventing	prevent	VERB
iaajah-7968	194	27	renewed	renew	VERB
iaajah-7968	194	28	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	194	29	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	195	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	195	2	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
iaajah-7968	195	3	helped	help	VERB
iaajah-7968	195	4	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	195	5	reduce	reduce	VERB
iaajah-7968	195	6	long	long	ADV
iaajah-7968	195	7	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	195	8	standing	stand	VERB
iaajah-7968	195	9	suspicions	suspicion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	195	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	195	11	encouraged	encourage	VERB
iaajah-7968	195	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	195	13	development	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	195	14	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	195	15	inter	inter	ADJ
iaajah-7968	195	16	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	195	17	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	195	18	trust	trust	NOUN
iaajah-7968	195	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	195	20	particularly	particularly	ADV
iaajah-7968	195	21	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	195	22	urban	urban	ADJ
iaajah-7968	195	23	centres	centre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	195	24	like	like	ADP
iaajah-7968	195	25	port	port	NOUN
iaajah-7968	195	26	harcourt	harcourt	PROPN
iaajah-7968	195	27	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	195	28	warri	warri	PROPN
iaajah-7968	195	29	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	195	30	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	195	31	yenagoa	yenagoa	PROPN
iaajah-7968	195	32	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	195	33	where	where	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	195	34	militant	militant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	195	35	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	195	36	had	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	195	37	previously	previously	ADV
iaajah-7968	195	38	operated	operate	VERB
iaajah-7968	195	39	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	195	40	segregated	segregated	ADJ
iaajah-7968	195	41	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	195	42	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	195	43	antagonistic	antagonistic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	195	44	networks	network	NOUN
iaajah-7968	195	45	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	195	46	obi	obi	PROPN
iaajah-7968	195	47	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	195	48	2010	2010	NUM
iaajah-7968	195	49	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	195	50	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	196	1	crucially	crucially	ADV
iaajah-7968	196	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	196	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	196	4	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	196	5	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	196	6	not	not	PART
iaajah-7968	196	7	only	only	ADV
iaajah-7968	196	8	de	de	VERB
iaajah-7968	196	9	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	196	10	escalated	escalate	VERB
iaajah-7968	196	11	armed	armed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	196	12	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	196	13	but	but	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	196	14	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	196	15	enabled	enable	VERB
iaajah-7968	196	16	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	196	17	partial	partial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	196	18	reconfiguration	reconfiguration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	196	19	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	196	20	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	196	21	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	196	22	across	across	ADP
iaajah-7968	196	23	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	196	24	lines	line	NOUN
iaajah-7968	196	25	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	197	1	some	some	DET
iaajah-7968	197	2	former	former	ADJ
iaajah-7968	197	3	combatants	combatant	NOUN
iaajah-7968	197	4	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	197	5	recruited	recruit	VERB
iaajah-7968	197	6	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	197	7	government	government	NOUN
iaajah-7968	197	8	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	197	9	backed	back	VERB
iaajah-7968	197	10	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	197	11	surveillance	surveillance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	197	12	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	197	13	pipeline	pipeline	NOUN
iaajah-7968	197	14	protection	protection	NOUN
iaajah-7968	197	15	units	unit	NOUN
iaajah-7968	197	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	197	17	which	which	PRON
iaajah-7968	197	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	197	19	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	197	20	controversial	controversial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	197	21	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	197	22	represented	represent	VERB
iaajah-7968	197	23	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	197	24	effort	effort	NOUN
iaajah-7968	197	25	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	197	26	integrate	integrate	VERB
iaajah-7968	197	27	grassroots	grassroots	ADJ
iaajah-7968	197	28	actors	actor	NOUN
iaajah-7968	197	29	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	197	30	formal	formal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	197	31	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	197	32	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	197	33	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	198	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	198	2	areas	area	NOUN
iaajah-7968	198	3	like	like	ADP
iaajah-7968	198	4	emohua	emohua	NOUN
iaajah-7968	198	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	198	6	ikwerre	ikwerre	PROPN
iaajah-7968	198	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	198	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	198	9	bori	bori	PROPN
iaajah-7968	198	10	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	198	11	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	198	12	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	198	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	198	14	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	198	15	ex	ex	NOUN
iaajah-7968	198	16	-	-	NOUN
iaajah-7968	198	17	militants	militant	NOUN
iaajah-7968	198	18	worked	work	VERB
iaajah-7968	198	19	alongside	alongside	ADP
iaajah-7968	198	20	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
iaajah-7968	198	21	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	198	22	other	other	ADJ
iaajah-7968	198	23	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	198	24	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	198	25	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	198	26	protect	protect	VERB
iaajah-7968	198	27	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	198	28	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	198	29	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	198	30	monitor	monitor	VERB
iaajah-7968	198	31	flashpoints	flashpoint	NOUN
iaajah-7968	198	32	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	198	33	albeit	albeit	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	198	34	under	under	ADP
iaajah-7968	198	35	tight	tight	ADJ
iaajah-7968	198	36	government	government	NOUN
iaajah-7968	198	37	oversight	oversight	NOUN
iaajah-7968	198	38	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	199	1	however	however	ADV
iaajah-7968	199	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	199	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	199	4	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	199	5	's	's	PART
iaajah-7968	199	6	achievements	achievement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	199	7	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	199	8	not	not	PART
iaajah-7968	199	9	without	without	ADP
iaajah-7968	199	10	limitations	limitation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	199	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	200	1	beneath	beneath	ADP
iaajah-7968	200	2	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	200	3	surface	surface	NOUN
iaajah-7968	200	4	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	200	5	multi	multi	ADJ
iaajah-7968	200	6	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	200	7	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	200	8	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	200	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	200	10	structural	structural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	200	11	grievances	grievance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	200	12	over	over	ADP
iaajah-7968	200	13	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	200	14	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	200	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	200	16	environmental	environmental	ADJ
iaajah-7968	200	17	degradation	degradation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	200	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	200	19	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	200	20	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	200	21	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	200	22	persisted	persist	VERB
iaajah-7968	200	23	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	201	1	many	many	ADJ
iaajah-7968	201	2	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	201	3	remained	remain	VERB
iaajah-7968	201	4	disillusioned	disillusioned	ADJ
iaajah-7968	201	5	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	201	6	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	201	7	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	201	8	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	201	9	failure	failure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	201	10	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	201	11	address	address	VERB
iaajah-7968	201	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	201	13	root	root	NOUN
iaajah-7968	201	14	causes	cause	NOUN
iaajah-7968	201	15	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	201	16	militancy	militancy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	201	17	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	201	18	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	201	19	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	201	20	benefits	benefit	NOUN
iaajah-7968	201	21	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	201	22	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	201	23	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	201	24	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	201	25	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	201	26	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	201	27	vocational	vocational	ADJ
iaajah-7968	201	28	empowerment	empowerment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	201	29	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	201	30	economic	economic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	201	31	reintegration	reintegration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	201	32	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	201	33	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	201	34	unevenly	unevenly	ADV
iaajah-7968	201	35	distributed	distribute	VERB
iaajah-7968	201	36	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	202	1	tensions	tension	NOUN
iaajah-7968	202	2	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	202	3	emerged	emerge	VERB
iaajah-7968	202	4	around	around	ADP
iaajah-7968	202	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	202	6	dominance	dominance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	202	7	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	202	8	certain	certain	ADJ
iaajah-7968	202	9	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	202	10	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	202	11	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	202	12	particularly	particularly	ADV
iaajah-7968	202	13	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	202	14	ijaw	ijaw	NOUN
iaajah-7968	202	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	202	16	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	202	17	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	202	18	implementation	implementation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	202	19	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	202	20	leadership	leadership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	202	21	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	202	22	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	202	23	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	202	24	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	202	25	occasionally	occasionally	ADV
iaajah-7968	202	26	reviving	revive	VERB
iaajah-7968	202	27	old	old	ADJ
iaajah-7968	202	28	suspicions	suspicion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	202	29	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	202	30	smaller	small	ADJ
iaajah-7968	202	31	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	202	32	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	202	33	like	like	ADP
iaajah-7968	202	34	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	202	35	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	202	36	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	202	37	itsekiri	itsekiri	NOUN
iaajah-7968	202	38	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	203	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	203	2	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	203	3	years	year	NOUN
iaajah-7968	203	4	following	follow	VERB
iaajah-7968	203	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	203	6	initial	initial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	203	7	implementation	implementation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	203	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	203	9	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	203	10	need	need	NOUN
iaajah-7968	203	11	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	203	12	sustained	sustained	ADJ
iaajah-7968	203	13	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	203	14	management	management	NOUN
iaajah-7968	203	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	203	16	inter	inter	ADJ
iaajah-7968	203	17	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	203	18	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	203	19	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	203	20	became	become	VERB
iaajah-7968	203	21	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
iaajah-7968	203	22	evident	evident	ADJ
iaajah-7968	203	23	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	204	1	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	204	2	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	204	3	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	204	4	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	204	5	succeeded	succeed	VERB
iaajah-7968	204	6	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	204	7	disarming	disarm	VERB
iaajah-7968	204	8	thousands	thousand	NOUN
iaajah-7968	204	9	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	204	10	reducing	reduce	VERB
iaajah-7968	204	11	militant	militant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	204	12	activity	activity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	204	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	204	14	its	its	PRON
iaajah-7968	204	15	long	long	ADJ
iaajah-7968	204	16	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	204	17	term	term	NOUN
iaajah-7968	204	18	legacy	legacy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	204	19	depended	depend	VERB
iaajah-7968	204	20	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	204	21	continuous	continuous	ADJ
iaajah-7968	204	22	investment	investment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	204	23	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	204	24	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	204	25	development	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	204	26	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	204	27	equitable	equitable	ADJ
iaajah-7968	204	28	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	204	29	representation	representation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	204	30	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	204	31	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	204	32	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
iaajah-7968	204	33	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	204	34	grassroots	grassroots	ADJ
iaajah-7968	204	35	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	204	36	governance	governance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	204	37	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	205	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	205	2	2009	2009	NUM
iaajah-7968	205	3	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	205	4	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	205	5	represents	represent	VERB
iaajah-7968	205	6	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	205	7	rare	rare	ADJ
iaajah-7968	205	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	205	9	important	important	ADJ
iaajah-7968	205	10	case	case	NOUN
iaajah-7968	205	11	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	205	12	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	205	13	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	205	14	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
iaajah-7968	205	15	multi	multi	ADJ
iaajah-7968	205	16	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	205	17	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	205	18	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	205	19	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	205	20	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	205	21	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	205	22	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	205	23	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	205	24	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	206	1	it	it	PRON
iaajah-7968	206	2	provided	provide	VERB
iaajah-7968	206	3	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	206	4	framework	framework	NOUN
iaajah-7968	206	5	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	206	6	bridging	bridge	VERB
iaajah-7968	206	7	historical	historical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	206	8	divides	divide	NOUN
iaajah-7968	206	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	206	10	transforming	transform	VERB
iaajah-7968	206	11	violent	violent	ADJ
iaajah-7968	206	12	actors	actor	NOUN
iaajah-7968	206	13	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	206	14	peacebuilders	peacebuilder	NOUN
iaajah-7968	206	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	206	16	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	206	17	laying	lay	VERB
iaajah-7968	206	18	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	206	19	groundwork	groundwork	NOUN
iaajah-7968	206	20	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	206	21	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	206	22	more	more	ADV
iaajah-7968	206	23	integrated	integrated	ADJ
iaajah-7968	206	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	206	25	cooperative	cooperative	ADJ
iaajah-7968	206	26	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	206	27	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	206	28	environment	environment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	206	29	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	207	1	however	however	ADV
iaajah-7968	207	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	207	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	207	4	fragile	fragile	ADJ
iaajah-7968	207	5	nature	nature	NOUN
iaajah-7968	207	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	207	7	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	207	8	gains	gain	NOUN
iaajah-7968	207	9	underscores	underscore	VERB
iaajah-7968	207	10	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	207	11	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
iaajah-7968	207	12	need	need	NOUN
iaajah-7968	207	13	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	207	14	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	207	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	207	16	reform	reform	NOUN
iaajah-7968	207	17	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	207	18	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	207	19	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	207	20	governance	governance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	207	21	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	207	22	order	order	NOUN
iaajah-7968	207	23	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	207	24	prevent	prevent	VERB
iaajah-7968	207	25	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	207	26	relapse	relapse	NOUN
iaajah-7968	207	27	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	207	28	intergroup	intergroup	ADJ
iaajah-7968	207	29	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	207	30	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	208	1	continuity	continuity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	208	2	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	208	3	change	change	NOUN
iaajah-7968	208	4	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	208	5	intergroup	intergroup	ADJ
iaajah-7968	208	6	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	208	7	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	208	8	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	208	9	intergroup	intergroup	ADJ
iaajah-7968	208	10	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	208	11	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	208	12	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	208	13	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	208	14	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	208	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	208	16	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	208	17	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
iaajah-7968	208	18	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
iaajah-7968	208	19	notable	notable	ADJ
iaajah-7968	208	20	continuities	continuity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	208	21	rooted	root	VERB
iaajah-7968	208	22	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	208	23	pre	pre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	208	24	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	208	25	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	208	26	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	208	27	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	208	28	experiences	experience	NOUN
iaajah-7968	208	29	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	209	1	traditional	traditional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	209	2	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	209	3	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	209	4	defence	defence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	209	5	against	against	ADP
iaajah-7968	209	6	external	external	ADJ
iaajah-7968	209	7	threats	threat	NOUN
iaajah-7968	209	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	209	9	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	209	10	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	209	11	raids	raid	NOUN
iaajah-7968	209	12	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	209	13	invasions	invasion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	209	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	209	15	persisted	persist	VERB
iaajah-7968	209	16	despite	despite	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	209	17	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	209	18	disruptions	disruption	NOUN
iaajah-7968	209	19	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	209	20	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	209	21	rule	rule	NOUN
iaajah-7968	209	22	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	209	23	ekechi	ekechi	NOUN
iaajah-7968	209	24	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	209	25	1971	1971	NUM
iaajah-7968	209	26	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	209	27	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	210	1	even	even	ADV
iaajah-7968	210	2	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	210	3	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	210	4	imposition	imposition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	210	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	210	6	informal	informal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	210	7	networks	network	NOUN
iaajah-7968	210	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	210	9	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	210	10	militias	militia	NOUN
iaajah-7968	210	11	adapted	adapt	VERB
iaajah-7968	210	12	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	210	13	changing	change	VERB
iaajah-7968	210	14	power	power	NOUN
iaajah-7968	210	15	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	210	16	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	210	17	protect	protect	VERB
iaajah-7968	210	18	communal	communal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	210	19	interests	interest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	210	20	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	210	21	afigbo	afigbo	NOUN
iaajah-7968	210	22	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	210	23	1981	1981	NUM
iaajah-7968	210	24	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	210	25	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	211	1	postindependence	postindependence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	211	2	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	211	3	reflected	reflect	VERB
iaajah-7968	211	4	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	211	5	enduring	endure	VERB
iaajah-7968	211	6	patterns	pattern	NOUN
iaajah-7968	211	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	211	8	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	211	9	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	211	10	militias	militia	NOUN
iaajah-7968	211	11	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	211	12	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	211	13	vigilantes	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	211	14	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	211	15	reverting	revert	VERB
iaajah-7968	211	16	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	211	17	historical	historical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	211	18	models	model	NOUN
iaajah-7968	211	19	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	211	20	localized	localized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	211	21	defence	defence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	211	22	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	211	23	alliance	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	211	24	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	211	25	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	211	26	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	211	27	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	211	28	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	211	29	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	211	30	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	211	31	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	211	32	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	211	33	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	211	34	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	212	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	212	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	213	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	213	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	213	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	213	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	213	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	213	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	213	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	213	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	213	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	213	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	213	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	213	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	213	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	213	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	213	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	213	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	213	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	213	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	213	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	213	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	213	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	214	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	214	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	214	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	214	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	214	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	214	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	214	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	214	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	214	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	214	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	214	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	214	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	214	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	214	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	214	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	214	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	214	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	214	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	214	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	214	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	214	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	214	22	institute	institute	PROPN
iaajah-7968	214	23	73	73	NUM
iaajah-7968	214	24	building	building	NOUN
iaajah-7968	214	25	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	214	26	eze	eze	PROPN
iaajah-7968	214	27	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	214	28	2010	2010	NUM
iaajah-7968	214	29	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	214	30	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	215	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	215	2	persistence	persistence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	215	3	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	215	4	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	215	5	identities	identity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	215	6	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	215	7	organizing	organize	VERB
iaajah-7968	215	8	principles	principle	NOUN
iaajah-7968	215	9	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	215	10	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	215	11	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	215	12	has	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	215	13	shaped	shape	VERB
iaajah-7968	215	14	both	both	DET
iaajah-7968	215	15	co	co	NOUN
iaajah-7968	215	16	-	-	NOUN
iaajah-7968	215	17	operation	operation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	215	18	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	215	19	rivalry	rivalry	NOUN
iaajah-7968	215	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	215	21	underscoring	underscore	VERB
iaajah-7968	215	22	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	215	23	deeply	deeply	ADV
iaajah-7968	215	24	embedded	embed	VERB
iaajah-7968	215	25	nature	nature	NOUN
iaajah-7968	215	26	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	215	27	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	215	28	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	215	29	practices	practice	NOUN
iaajah-7968	215	30	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	216	1	significant	significant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	216	2	changes	change	NOUN
iaajah-7968	216	3	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	216	4	accompanied	accompany	VERB
iaajah-7968	216	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	216	6	evolution	evolution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	216	7	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	216	8	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	216	9	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	216	10	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	217	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	217	2	scale	scale	NOUN
iaajah-7968	217	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	217	4	sophistication	sophistication	NOUN
iaajah-7968	217	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	217	6	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	217	7	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	217	8	increased	increase	VERB
iaajah-7968	217	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	217	10	driven	drive	VERB
iaajah-7968	217	11	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	217	12	access	access	NOUN
iaajah-7968	217	13	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	217	14	modern	modern	ADJ
iaajah-7968	217	15	weaponry	weaponry	NOUN
iaajah-7968	217	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	217	17	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	217	18	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	217	19	importance	importance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	217	20	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	217	21	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	217	22	resources	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	217	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	217	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	217	25	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	217	26	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	217	27	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	217	28	watts	watts	PROPN
iaajah-7968	217	29	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	217	30	2007	2007	NUM
iaajah-7968	217	31	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	217	32	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	218	1	where	where	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	218	2	pre	pre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	218	3	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	218	4	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	218	5	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	218	6	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	218	7	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	218	8	limited	limit	VERB
iaajah-7968	218	9	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	218	10	ritualized	ritualize	VERB
iaajah-7968	218	11	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	218	12	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	218	13	engagements	engagement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	218	14	involve	involve	VERB
iaajah-7968	218	15	sustained	sustain	VERB
iaajah-7968	218	16	armed	armed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	218	17	militancy	militancy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	218	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	218	19	sabotage	sabotage	NOUN
iaajah-7968	218	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	218	21	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	218	22	counter	counter	NOUN
iaajah-7968	218	23	-	-	NOUN
iaajah-7968	218	24	insurgency	insurgency	NOUN
iaajah-7968	218	25	operations	operation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	218	26	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	218	27	okonta	okonta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	218	28	&	&	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	218	29	douglas	douglas	PROPN
iaajah-7968	218	30	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	218	31	2001	2001	NUM
iaajah-7968	218	32	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	218	33	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	219	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
iaajah-7968	219	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	219	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	219	4	role	role	NOUN
iaajah-7968	219	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	219	6	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	219	7	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	219	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	219	9	multinational	multinational	ADJ
iaajah-7968	219	10	corporations	corporation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	219	11	has	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	219	12	transformed	transform	VERB
iaajah-7968	219	13	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	219	14	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	219	15	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	220	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	220	2	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	220	3	military	military	NOUN
iaajah-7968	220	4	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	220	5	involvement	involvement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	220	6	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	220	7	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	220	8	national	national	ADJ
iaajah-7968	220	9	actor	actor	NOUN
iaajah-7968	220	10	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	220	11	alongside	alongside	ADP
iaajah-7968	220	12	global	global	ADJ
iaajah-7968	220	13	economic	economic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	220	14	interests	interest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	220	15	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	220	16	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	220	17	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	220	18	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	220	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	220	20	has	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	220	21	complicated	complicate	VERB
iaajah-7968	220	22	traditional	traditional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	220	23	patterns	pattern	NOUN
iaajah-7968	220	24	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	220	25	alliance	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	220	26	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	220	27	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	220	28	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	220	29	introducing	introduce	VERB
iaajah-7968	220	30	new	new	ADJ
iaajah-7968	220	31	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
iaajah-7968	220	32	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	220	33	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	220	34	economy	economy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	220	35	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	220	36	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	220	37	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	220	38	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	220	39	obi	obi	PROPN
iaajah-7968	220	40	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	220	41	2010	2010	NUM
iaajah-7968	220	42	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	220	43	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	221	1	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	221	2	grassroots	grassroots	ADJ
iaajah-7968	221	3	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	221	4	continue	continue	VERB
iaajah-7968	221	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	221	6	there	there	PRON
iaajah-7968	221	7	is	be	VERB
iaajah-7968	221	8	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	221	9	gradual	gradual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	221	10	shift	shift	NOUN
iaajah-7968	221	11	toward	toward	ADP
iaajah-7968	221	12	more	more	ADJ
iaajah-7968	221	13	institutionalized	institutionalize	VERB
iaajah-7968	221	14	forms	form	NOUN
iaajah-7968	221	15	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	221	16	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	221	17	co	co	NOUN
iaajah-7968	221	18	-	-	NOUN
iaajah-7968	221	19	operation	operation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	221	20	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	222	1	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	2	like	like	ADP
iaajah-7968	222	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	222	4	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	5	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	6	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	7	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	8	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	222	9	2009	2009	NUM
iaajah-7968	222	10	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	222	11	represent	represent	VERB
iaajah-7968	222	12	attempts	attempt	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	13	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	222	14	formalize	formalize	VERB
iaajah-7968	222	15	peace	peace	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	16	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	222	17	building	building	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	18	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	222	19	disarmament	disarmament	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	20	across	across	ADP
iaajah-7968	222	21	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	222	22	lines	line	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	222	24	fostering	foster	VERB
iaajah-7968	222	25	multiethnic	multiethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	222	26	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	27	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	222	28	integration	integration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	29	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	222	30	former	former	ADJ
iaajah-7968	222	31	militants	militant	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	32	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	222	33	mainstream	mainstream	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	34	society	society	NOUN
iaajah-7968	222	35	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	222	36	amnesty	amnesty	PROPN
iaajah-7968	222	37	international	international	PROPN
iaajah-7968	222	38	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	222	39	2009	2009	NUM
iaajah-7968	222	40	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	222	41	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	223	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
iaajah-7968	223	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	223	3	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	223	4	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	223	5	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	223	6	governments	government	NOUN
iaajah-7968	223	7	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	223	8	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
iaajah-7968	223	9	engaged	engage	VERB
iaajah-7968	223	10	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	223	11	cooperative	cooperative	ADJ
iaajah-7968	223	12	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	223	13	frameworks	framework	NOUN
iaajah-7968	223	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	223	15	involving	involve	VERB
iaajah-7968	223	16	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	223	17	patrols	patrol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	223	18	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	223	19	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	223	20	policing	policing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	223	21	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	223	22	include	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	223	23	diverse	diverse	ADJ
iaajah-7968	223	24	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	223	25	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	223	26	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	223	27	eze	eze	PROPN
iaajah-7968	223	28	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	223	29	2010	2010	NUM
iaajah-7968	223	30	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	223	31	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	224	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	224	2	developments	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	224	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
iaajah-7968	224	4	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	224	5	cautious	cautious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	224	6	move	move	NOUN
iaajah-7968	224	7	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	224	8	fragmented	fragmented	ADJ
iaajah-7968	224	9	militancy	militancy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	224	10	toward	toward	ADP
iaajah-7968	224	11	structured	structured	ADJ
iaajah-7968	224	12	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	224	13	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	224	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	224	15	though	though	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	224	16	challenges	challenge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	224	17	remain	remain	VERB
iaajah-7968	224	18	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	225	1	persistent	persistent	ADJ
iaajah-7968	225	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	225	4	prospects	prospect	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	5	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	225	6	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	225	7	future	future	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	8	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	225	9	various	various	ADJ
iaajah-7968	225	10	peacebuilding	peacebuilding	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	11	efforts	effort	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	225	13	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	225	14	grassroots	grassroot	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	15	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	16	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	225	17	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	18	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	225	19	led	lead	VERB
iaajah-7968	225	20	interventions	intervention	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	21	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	225	22	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	225	23	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	225	24	2009	2009	NUM
iaajah-7968	225	25	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	26	program	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	27	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	225	28	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	225	29	contributed	contribute	VERB
iaajah-7968	225	30	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	225	31	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	225	32	reduction	reduction	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	33	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	225	34	large	large	ADJ
iaajah-7968	225	35	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	225	36	scale	scale	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	37	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	38	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	225	39	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	225	40	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	41	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	42	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	225	43	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	225	44	region	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	45	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	225	46	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	225	47	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	48	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	225	49	continues	continue	VERB
iaajah-7968	225	50	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	225	51	grapple	grapple	VERB
iaajah-7968	225	52	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	225	53	persistent	persistent	ADJ
iaajah-7968	225	54	structural	structural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	225	55	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	225	56	socio	socio	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	57	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	225	58	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	225	59	challenges	challenge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	225	60	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	226	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	226	2	unresolved	unresolved	ADJ
iaajah-7968	226	3	issues	issue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	226	4	threaten	threaten	VERB
iaajah-7968	226	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	226	6	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
iaajah-7968	226	7	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	226	8	past	past	ADJ
iaajah-7968	226	9	gains	gain	NOUN
iaajah-7968	226	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	226	11	complicate	complicate	VERB
iaajah-7968	226	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	226	13	path	path	NOUN
iaajah-7968	226	14	toward	toward	ADP
iaajah-7968	226	15	long	long	ADJ
iaajah-7968	226	16	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	226	17	term	term	NOUN
iaajah-7968	226	18	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	226	19	stability	stability	NOUN
iaajah-7968	226	20	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	227	1	one	one	NUM
iaajah-7968	227	2	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	227	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	227	4	foremost	foremost	ADJ
iaajah-7968	227	5	drivers	driver	NOUN
iaajah-7968	227	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	227	7	continued	continue	VERB
iaajah-7968	227	8	tension	tension	NOUN
iaajah-7968	227	9	is	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	227	10	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	227	11	competition	competition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	227	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	227	13	particularly	particularly	ADV
iaajah-7968	227	14	around	around	ADP
iaajah-7968	227	15	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	227	16	revenues	revenue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	227	17	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	227	18	land	land	NOUN
iaajah-7968	227	19	ownership	ownership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	227	20	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	228	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	228	2	being	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	228	3	central	central	ADJ
iaajah-7968	228	4	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	228	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	228	6	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	228	7	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	228	8	economy	economy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	228	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	228	10	many	many	ADJ
iaajah-7968	228	11	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	228	12	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	228	13	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	228	14	remain	remain	VERB
iaajah-7968	228	15	economically	economically	ADV
iaajah-7968	228	16	marginalized	marginalize	VERB
iaajah-7968	228	17	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	228	18	environmentally	environmentally	ADV
iaajah-7968	228	19	devastated	devastated	ADJ
iaajah-7968	228	20	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	229	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	229	2	paradox	paradox	NOUN
iaajah-7968	229	3	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	229	4	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	229	5	wealth	wealth	NOUN
iaajah-7968	229	6	amidst	amidst	ADP
iaajah-7968	229	7	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	229	8	poverty	poverty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	229	9	continues	continue	VERB
iaajah-7968	229	10	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	229	11	foster	foster	VERB
iaajah-7968	229	12	resentment	resentment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	229	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	229	14	especially	especially	ADV
iaajah-7968	229	15	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	229	16	areas	area	NOUN
iaajah-7968	229	17	like	like	ADP
iaajah-7968	229	18	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	229	19	land	land	NOUN
iaajah-7968	229	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	229	21	where	where	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	229	22	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	229	23	impact	impact	NOUN
iaajah-7968	229	24	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	229	25	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	229	26	exploration	exploration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	229	27	has	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	229	28	disrupted	disrupt	VERB
iaajah-7968	229	29	traditional	traditional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	229	30	livelihoods	livelihood	NOUN
iaajah-7968	229	31	without	without	ADP
iaajah-7968	229	32	adequate	adequate	ADJ
iaajah-7968	229	33	compensation	compensation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	229	34	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	229	35	development	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	229	36	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	229	37	watts	watts	PROPN
iaajah-7968	229	38	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	229	39	2004	2004	NUM
iaajah-7968	229	40	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	229	41	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	230	1	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	230	2	economic	economic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	230	3	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	230	4	is	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	230	5	compounded	compound	VERB
iaajah-7968	230	6	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	230	7	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	230	8	marginalization	marginalization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	230	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	230	10	where	where	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	230	11	certain	certain	ADJ
iaajah-7968	230	12	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	230	13	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	230	14	perceive	perceive	VERB
iaajah-7968	230	15	themselves	themselves	PRON
iaajah-7968	230	16	as	as	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	230	17	underrepresented	underrepresente	VERB
iaajah-7968	230	18	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	230	19	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	230	20	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	230	21	federal	federal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	230	22	structures	structure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	230	23	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	231	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	231	2	perceptions	perception	NOUN
iaajah-7968	231	3	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	231	4	ignite	ignite	VERB
iaajah-7968	231	5	demands	demand	NOUN
iaajah-7968	231	6	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	231	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	231	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	231	9	greater	great	ADJ
iaajah-7968	231	10	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	231	11	over	over	ADP
iaajah-7968	231	12	resources	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	231	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	231	14	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	231	15	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	231	16	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	231	17	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	231	18	decision	decision	NOUN
iaajah-7968	231	19	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	231	20	making	make	VERB
iaajah-7968	231	21	platforms	platform	NOUN
iaajah-7968	231	22	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	232	1	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	232	2	rivalries	rivalry	NOUN
iaajah-7968	232	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	232	4	though	though	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	232	5	periodically	periodically	ADV
iaajah-7968	232	6	subdued	subdue	VERB
iaajah-7968	232	7	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	232	8	cooperative	cooperative	ADJ
iaajah-7968	232	9	efforts	effort	NOUN
iaajah-7968	232	10	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	232	11	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	232	12	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	232	13	vigilante	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	232	14	patrols	patrol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	232	15	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	232	16	peace	peace	NOUN
iaajah-7968	232	17	dialogues	dialogue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	232	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	232	19	remain	remain	VERB
iaajah-7968	232	20	deeply	deeply	ADV
iaajah-7968	232	21	embedded	embed	VERB
iaajah-7968	232	22	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	232	23	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	232	24	socio	socio	NOUN
iaajah-7968	232	25	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	232	26	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	232	27	fabric	fabric	NOUN
iaajah-7968	232	28	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	232	29	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	232	30	region	region	NOUN
iaajah-7968	232	31	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	233	1	historical	historical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	233	2	grievances	grievance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	233	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	233	4	contestations	contestation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	233	5	over	over	ADP
iaajah-7968	233	6	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	233	7	leadership	leadership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	233	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	233	9	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	233	10	uneven	uneven	ADJ
iaajah-7968	233	11	access	access	NOUN
iaajah-7968	233	12	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	233	13	government	government	NOUN
iaajah-7968	233	14	patronage	patronage	NOUN
iaajah-7968	233	15	occasionally	occasionally	ADV
iaajah-7968	233	16	resurface	resurface	VERB
iaajah-7968	233	17	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	233	18	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	233	19	form	form	NOUN
iaajah-7968	233	20	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	233	21	violent	violent	ADJ
iaajah-7968	233	22	clashes	clash	NOUN
iaajah-7968	233	23	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	233	24	rhetorical	rhetorical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	233	25	antagonism	antagonism	NOUN
iaajah-7968	233	26	undermining	undermine	VERB
iaajah-7968	233	27	fragile	fragile	ADJ
iaajah-7968	233	28	coalitions	coalition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	233	29	built	build	VERB
iaajah-7968	233	30	during	during	ADP
iaajah-7968	233	31	moments	moment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	233	32	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	233	33	crisis	crisis	NOUN
iaajah-7968	233	34	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	233	35	smith	smith	PROPN
iaajah-7968	233	36	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	233	37	2007	2007	NUM
iaajah-7968	233	38	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	233	39	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	234	1	even	even	ADV
iaajah-7968	234	2	within	within	ADP
iaajah-7968	234	3	multiethnic	multiethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	234	4	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	234	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	234	6	internal	internal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	234	7	fractures	fracture	NOUN
iaajah-7968	234	8	persist	persist	VERB
iaajah-7968	234	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	234	10	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	234	11	exploited	exploit	VERB
iaajah-7968	234	12	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	234	13	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	234	14	elites	elite	NOUN
iaajah-7968	234	15	seeking	seek	VERB
iaajah-7968	234	16	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	234	17	consolidate	consolidate	VERB
iaajah-7968	234	18	power	power	NOUN
iaajah-7968	234	19	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	234	20	redirect	redirect	VERB
iaajah-7968	234	21	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	234	22	resources	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	234	23	toward	toward	ADP
iaajah-7968	234	24	ethnically	ethnically	ADV
iaajah-7968	234	25	aligned	align	VERB
iaajah-7968	234	26	constituencies	constituency	NOUN
iaajah-7968	234	27	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	235	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	235	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	235	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	235	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	235	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	235	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	235	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	235	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	235	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	235	10	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	235	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	236	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	236	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	237	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	237	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	237	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	237	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	237	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	237	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	237	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	237	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	237	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	237	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	237	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	237	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	237	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	237	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	237	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	237	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	237	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	237	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	237	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	237	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	237	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	238	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	238	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	238	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	238	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	238	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	238	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	238	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	238	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	238	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	238	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	238	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	238	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	238	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	238	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	238	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	238	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	238	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	238	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	238	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	238	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	238	21	research	research	NOUN
iaajah-7968	238	22	institute	institute	NOUN
iaajah-7968	238	23	74	74	NUM
iaajah-7968	238	24	another	another	DET
iaajah-7968	238	25	significant	significant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	238	26	challenge	challenge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	238	27	is	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	238	28	environmental	environmental	ADJ
iaajah-7968	238	29	degradation	degradation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	238	30	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	238	31	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	238	32	chronic	chronic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	238	33	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	238	34	largely	largely	ADV
iaajah-7968	238	35	unresolved	unresolved	ADJ
iaajah-7968	238	36	issue	issue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	238	37	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	239	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	239	2	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	239	3	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	239	4	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	239	5	those	those	PRON
iaajah-7968	239	6	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	239	7	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	239	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	239	9	ogoni	ogoni	ADJ
iaajah-7968	239	10	territories	territory	NOUN
iaajah-7968	239	11	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	239	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	239	13	long	long	ADJ
iaajah-7968	239	14	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	239	15	term	term	NOUN
iaajah-7968	239	16	effects	effect	NOUN
iaajah-7968	239	17	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	239	18	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	239	19	spills	spill	NOUN
iaajah-7968	239	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	239	21	gas	gas	NOUN
iaajah-7968	239	22	flaring	flaring	NOUN
iaajah-7968	239	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	239	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	239	25	deforestation	deforestation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	239	26	continue	continue	VERB
iaajah-7968	239	27	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	239	28	undermine	undermine	VERB
iaajah-7968	239	29	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	239	30	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	239	31	fishing	fishing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	239	32	economies	economy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	239	33	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	239	34	further	far	ADV
iaajah-7968	239	35	exacerbating	exacerbate	VERB
iaajah-7968	239	36	social	social	ADJ
iaajah-7968	239	37	discontent	discontent	NOUN
iaajah-7968	239	38	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	240	1	although	although	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	240	2	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	3	like	like	ADP
iaajah-7968	240	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	240	5	hydrocarbon	hydrocarbon	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	6	pollution	pollution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	7	remediation	remediation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	8	project	project	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	9	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	240	10	hyprep	hyprep	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	11	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	240	12	were	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	240	13	launched	launch	VERB
iaajah-7968	240	14	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	240	15	response	response	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	16	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	240	17	environmental	environmental	ADJ
iaajah-7968	240	18	crises	crisis	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	240	20	criticisms	criticism	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	21	regarding	regard	VERB
iaajah-7968	240	22	slow	slow	ADJ
iaajah-7968	240	23	implementation	implementation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	24	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	240	25	lack	lack	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	26	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	240	27	transparency	transparency	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	28	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	240	29	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	240	30	limited	limited	ADJ
iaajah-7968	240	31	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	32	involvement	involvement	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	33	highlight	highlight	VERB
iaajah-7968	240	34	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	240	35	need	need	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	36	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	240	37	more	more	ADV
iaajah-7968	240	38	robust	robust	ADJ
iaajah-7968	240	39	environmental	environmental	ADJ
iaajah-7968	240	40	governance	governance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	41	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
iaajah-7968	240	42	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	241	1	pathways	pathway	NOUN
iaajah-7968	241	2	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	241	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	241	4	future	future	NOUN
iaajah-7968	241	5	moving	move	VERB
iaajah-7968	241	6	forward	forward	ADV
iaajah-7968	241	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	241	8	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	241	9	prospects	prospect	NOUN
iaajah-7968	241	10	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	241	11	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
iaajah-7968	241	12	peace	peace	NOUN
iaajah-7968	241	13	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	241	14	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	241	15	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	241	16	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	241	17	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	241	18	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	241	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	241	20	particularly	particularly	ADV
iaajah-7968	241	21	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	241	22	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	241	23	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	241	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	241	25	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	241	26	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	241	27	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	241	28	depend	depend	VERB
iaajah-7968	241	29	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	241	30	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	241	31	multi	multi	ADJ
iaajah-7968	241	32	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	241	33	layered	layered	ADJ
iaajah-7968	241	34	approach	approach	NOUN
iaajah-7968	241	35	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	241	36	combines	combine	VERB
iaajah-7968	241	37	institutional	institutional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	241	38	reform	reform	NOUN
iaajah-7968	241	39	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	241	40	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	241	41	development	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	241	42	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	241	43	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	241	44	locally	locally	ADV
iaajah-7968	241	45	grounded	ground	VERB
iaajah-7968	241	46	peacebuilding	peacebuilding	NOUN
iaajah-7968	241	47	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	242	1	first	first	ADV
iaajah-7968	242	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	242	3	addressing	address	VERB
iaajah-7968	242	4	structural	structural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	242	5	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
iaajah-7968	242	6	is	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	242	7	essential	essential	ADJ
iaajah-7968	242	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	243	1	this	this	PRON
iaajah-7968	243	2	includes	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	243	3	not	not	PART
iaajah-7968	243	4	only	only	ADV
iaajah-7968	243	5	equitable	equitable	ADJ
iaajah-7968	243	6	distribution	distribution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	7	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	243	8	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	9	revenues	revenue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	10	through	through	ADP
iaajah-7968	243	11	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	12	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	243	13	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	243	14	derivation	derivation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	15	formulas	formula	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	16	or	or	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	243	17	host	host	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	18	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	19	development	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	20	funds	fund	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	21	but	but	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	243	22	also	also	ADV
iaajah-7968	243	23	broader	broad	ADJ
iaajah-7968	243	24	economic	economic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	243	25	diversification	diversification	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	26	strategies	strategy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	27	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	243	28	reduce	reduce	VERB
iaajah-7968	243	29	dependency	dependency	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	30	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	243	31	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	243	32	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	33	economy	economy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	243	34	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	244	1	providing	provide	VERB
iaajah-7968	244	2	alternative	alternative	ADJ
iaajah-7968	244	3	livelihoods	livelihood	NOUN
iaajah-7968	244	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	244	5	particularly	particularly	ADV
iaajah-7968	244	6	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	244	7	youth	youth	NOUN
iaajah-7968	244	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	244	9	can	can	AUX
iaajah-7968	244	10	reduce	reduce	VERB
iaajah-7968	244	11	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	244	12	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	244	13	armed	armed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	244	14	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	244	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	244	16	promote	promote	VERB
iaajah-7968	244	17	long	long	ADJ
iaajah-7968	244	18	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	244	19	term	term	NOUN
iaajah-7968	244	20	economic	economic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	244	21	stability	stability	NOUN
iaajah-7968	244	22	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	245	1	second	second	ADJ
iaajah-7968	245	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	245	3	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	245	4	governance	governance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	245	5	must	must	AUX
iaajah-7968	245	6	be	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	245	7	prioritized	prioritize	VERB
iaajah-7968	245	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	246	1	this	this	PRON
iaajah-7968	246	2	involves	involve	VERB
iaajah-7968	246	3	ensuring	ensure	VERB
iaajah-7968	246	4	that	that	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	246	5	all	all	DET
iaajah-7968	246	6	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	246	7	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	246	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	246	9	including	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	246	10	minority	minority	NOUN
iaajah-7968	246	11	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	246	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	246	13	have	have	VERB
iaajah-7968	246	14	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
iaajah-7968	246	15	representation	representation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	246	16	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	246	17	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	246	18	decision	decision	NOUN
iaajah-7968	246	19	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	246	20	making	make	VERB
iaajah-7968	246	21	processes	process	NOUN
iaajah-7968	246	22	at	at	ADP
iaajah-7968	246	23	both	both	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	246	24	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	246	25	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	246	26	federal	federal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	246	27	levels	level	NOUN
iaajah-7968	246	28	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	247	1	enhancing	enhance	VERB
iaajah-7968	247	2	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	247	3	participation	participation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	247	4	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	247	5	development	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	247	6	planning	planning	NOUN
iaajah-7968	247	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	247	8	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	247	9	allocation	allocation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	247	10	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	247	11	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	247	12	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	247	13	oversight	oversight	NOUN
iaajah-7968	247	14	will	will	AUX
iaajah-7968	247	15	foster	foster	VERB
iaajah-7968	247	16	greater	great	ADJ
iaajah-7968	247	17	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	247	18	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	247	19	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	247	20	ownership	ownership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	247	21	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	247	22	peace	peace	NOUN
iaajah-7968	247	23	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
iaajah-7968	247	24	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	248	1	third	third	ADJ
iaajah-7968	248	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	248	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	248	4	promotion	promotion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	248	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	248	6	inter	inter	ADJ
iaajah-7968	248	7	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	248	8	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	248	9	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	248	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	248	11	reconciliation	reconciliation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	248	12	remains	remain	VERB
iaajah-7968	248	13	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	248	14	cornerstone	cornerstone	NOUN
iaajah-7968	248	15	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	248	16	durable	durable	ADJ
iaajah-7968	248	17	peace	peace	NOUN
iaajah-7968	248	18	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	249	1	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
iaajah-7968	249	2	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	249	3	platforms	platform	NOUN
iaajah-7968	249	4	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	249	5	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	249	6	resolution	resolution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	249	7	such	such	ADJ
iaajah-7968	249	8	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	249	9	councils	council	NOUN
iaajah-7968	249	10	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	249	11	elders	elder	NOUN
iaajah-7968	249	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	249	13	inter	inter	ADJ
iaajah-7968	249	14	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	249	15	communal	communal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	249	16	peace	peace	NOUN
iaajah-7968	249	17	committees	committee	NOUN
iaajah-7968	249	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	249	19	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	249	20	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	249	21	forums	forum	NOUN
iaajah-7968	249	22	can	can	AUX
iaajah-7968	249	23	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
iaajah-7968	249	24	early	early	ADJ
iaajah-7968	249	25	warning	warning	NOUN
iaajah-7968	249	26	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	249	27	mediation	mediation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	249	28	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
iaajah-7968	249	29	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	249	30	pre	pre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	249	31	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	249	32	empt	empt	ADJ
iaajah-7968	249	33	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	249	34	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	250	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	250	2	structures	structure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	250	3	should	should	AUX
iaajah-7968	250	4	be	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	250	5	empowered	empower	VERB
iaajah-7968	250	6	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	250	7	work	work	VERB
iaajah-7968	250	8	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	250	9	synergy	synergy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	250	10	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	250	11	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	250	12	institutions	institution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	250	13	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	250	14	civil	civil	ADJ
iaajah-7968	250	15	society	society	NOUN
iaajah-7968	250	16	organizations	organization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	250	17	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	251	1	finally	finally	ADV
iaajah-7968	251	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	251	3	building	build	VERB
iaajah-7968	251	4	institutional	institutional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	251	5	frameworks	framework	NOUN
iaajah-7968	251	6	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	251	7	transcend	transcend	VERB
iaajah-7968	251	8	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	251	9	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
iaajah-7968	251	10	is	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	251	11	critical	critical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	251	12	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	251	13	transforming	transform	VERB
iaajah-7968	251	14	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	251	15	historically	historically	ADV
iaajah-7968	251	16	militarized	militarized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	251	17	nature	nature	NOUN
iaajah-7968	251	18	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	251	19	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	251	20	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	251	21	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	251	22	cooperative	cooperative	ADJ
iaajah-7968	251	23	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	251	24	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	251	25	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	252	1	this	this	PRON
iaajah-7968	252	2	includes	include	VERB
iaajah-7968	252	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	252	4	professionalization	professionalization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	252	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	252	6	local	local	ADJ
iaajah-7968	252	7	vigilante	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	252	8	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	252	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	252	10	integration	integration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	252	11	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	252	12	community	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	252	13	policing	police	VERB
iaajah-7968	252	14	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	252	15	national	national	ADJ
iaajah-7968	252	16	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	252	17	policy	policy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	252	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	252	19	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	252	20	development	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	252	21	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	252	22	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	252	23	peacebuilding	peacebuilding	NOUN
iaajah-7968	252	24	programs	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	252	25	across	across	ADP
iaajah-7968	252	26	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	252	27	lines	line	NOUN
iaajah-7968	252	28	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	253	1	regional	regional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	253	2	institutions	institution	NOUN
iaajah-7968	253	3	like	like	ADP
iaajah-7968	253	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	253	5	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	253	6	delta	delta	PROPN
iaajah-7968	253	7	development	development	PROPN
iaajah-7968	253	8	commission	commission	PROPN
iaajah-7968	253	9	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	253	10	nddc	nddc	PROPN
iaajah-7968	253	11	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	253	12	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	253	13	ministry	ministry	PROPN
iaajah-7968	253	14	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	253	15	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	253	16	delta	delta	PROPN
iaajah-7968	253	17	affairs	affair	NOUN
iaajah-7968	253	18	must	must	AUX
iaajah-7968	253	19	be	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	253	20	restructured	restructure	VERB
iaajah-7968	253	21	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	253	22	function	function	VERB
iaajah-7968	253	23	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	253	24	greater	great	ADJ
iaajah-7968	253	25	accountability	accountability	NOUN
iaajah-7968	253	26	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	253	27	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
iaajah-7968	253	28	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	253	29	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	253	30	inter	inter	ADJ
iaajah-7968	253	31	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	253	32	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	253	33	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	253	34	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	254	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	254	2	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	254	3	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	254	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	254	5	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	254	6	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	254	7	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	254	8	within	within	ADP
iaajah-7968	254	9	it	it	PRON
iaajah-7968	254	10	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	254	11	stand	stand	VERB
iaajah-7968	254	12	at	at	ADP
iaajah-7968	254	13	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	254	14	crossroads	crossroad	NOUN
iaajah-7968	254	15	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	255	1	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	255	2	significant	significant	ADJ
iaajah-7968	255	3	strides	stride	NOUN
iaajah-7968	255	4	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	255	5	been	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	255	6	made	make	VERB
iaajah-7968	255	7	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	255	8	curbing	curb	VERB
iaajah-7968	255	9	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	255	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	255	11	promoting	promote	VERB
iaajah-7968	255	12	interethnic	interethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	255	13	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
iaajah-7968	255	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	255	15	deep	deep	ADJ
iaajah-7968	255	16	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	255	17	rooted	root	VERB
iaajah-7968	255	18	challenges	challenge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	255	19	continue	continue	VERB
iaajah-7968	255	20	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	255	21	jeopardize	jeopardize	VERB
iaajah-7968	255	22	long	long	ADJ
iaajah-7968	255	23	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	255	24	term	term	NOUN
iaajah-7968	255	25	peace	peace	NOUN
iaajah-7968	255	26	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	256	1	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	256	2	chart	chart	VERB
iaajah-7968	256	3	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	256	4	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
iaajah-7968	256	5	path	path	NOUN
iaajah-7968	256	6	forward	forward	ADV
iaajah-7968	256	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	256	8	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
iaajah-7968	256	9	must	must	AUX
iaajah-7968	256	10	move	move	VERB
iaajah-7968	256	11	beyond	beyond	ADP
iaajah-7968	256	12	temporary	temporary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	256	13	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	256	14	management	management	NOUN
iaajah-7968	256	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	256	16	toward	toward	ADP
iaajah-7968	256	17	transformative	transformative	ADJ
iaajah-7968	256	18	peacebuilding	peacebuilding	NOUN
iaajah-7968	256	19	—	—	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	256	20	one	one	NOUN
iaajah-7968	256	21	grounded	ground	VERB
iaajah-7968	256	22	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	256	23	justice	justice	NOUN
iaajah-7968	256	24	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	256	25	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	256	26	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	256	27	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	256	28	cross	cross	ADJ
iaajah-7968	256	29	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	256	30	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	256	31	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	256	32	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	257	1	only	only	ADV
iaajah-7968	257	2	through	through	ADP
iaajah-7968	257	3	such	such	DET
iaajah-7968	257	4	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	257	5	holistic	holistic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	257	6	approach	approach	NOUN
iaajah-7968	257	7	can	can	AUX
iaajah-7968	257	8	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	257	9	legacy	legacy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	257	10	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	257	11	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	257	12	be	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	257	13	replaced	replace	VERB
iaajah-7968	257	14	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	257	15	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	257	16	durable	durable	ADJ
iaajah-7968	257	17	culture	culture	NOUN
iaajah-7968	257	18	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	257	19	peace	peace	NOUN
iaajah-7968	257	20	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	257	21	shared	shared	ADJ
iaajah-7968	257	22	prosperity	prosperity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	257	23	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	258	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	258	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	258	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	258	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	258	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	258	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	258	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	258	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	258	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	258	10	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	258	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	259	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	259	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	260	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	260	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	260	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	260	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	260	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	260	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	260	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	260	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	260	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	260	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	260	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	260	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	260	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	260	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	260	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	260	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	260	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	260	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	260	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	260	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	260	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	261	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	261	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	261	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	261	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	261	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	261	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	261	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	261	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	261	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	261	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	261	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	261	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	261	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	261	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	261	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	261	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	261	22	institute	institute	PROPN
iaajah-7968	261	23	75	75	NUM
iaajah-7968	261	24	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	25	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	261	26	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	261	27	history	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	28	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	261	29	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	261	30	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	31	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	261	32	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	261	33	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
iaajah-7968	261	34	communities	community	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	35	reveals	reveal	VERB
iaajah-7968	261	36	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	261	37	complex	complex	ADJ
iaajah-7968	261	38	interplay	interplay	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	39	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	261	40	continuity	continuity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	41	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	261	42	change	change	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	43	shaped	shape	VERB
iaajah-7968	261	44	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	261	45	pre	pre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	261	46	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	261	47	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	261	48	traditions	tradition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	49	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	261	50	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	261	51	legacies	legacy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	52	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	261	53	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	261	54	post	post	ADJ
iaajah-7968	261	55	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	261	56	independence	independence	ADJ
iaajah-7968	261	57	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	261	58	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	262	1	historically	historically	ADV
iaajah-7968	262	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	262	3	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	262	4	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	262	5	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	262	6	localized	localized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	262	7	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	262	8	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	262	9	served	serve	VERB
iaajah-7968	262	10	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	262	11	vital	vital	ADJ
iaajah-7968	262	12	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
iaajah-7968	262	13	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	262	14	defence	defence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	262	15	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	262	16	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	262	17	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	262	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	262	19	rooted	root	VERB
iaajah-7968	262	20	deeply	deeply	ADV
iaajah-7968	262	21	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	262	22	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	262	23	identities	identity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	262	24	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	262	25	communal	communal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	262	26	interests	interest	NOUN
iaajah-7968	262	27	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	263	1	however	however	ADV
iaajah-7968	263	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	263	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	263	4	advent	advent	NOUN
iaajah-7968	263	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	263	6	colonialism	colonialism	NOUN
iaajah-7968	263	7	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	263	8	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	263	9	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	263	10	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	263	11	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	263	12	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	263	13	delta	delta	PROPN
iaajah-7968	263	14	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	263	15	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	263	16	resources	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	263	17	introduced	introduce	VERB
iaajah-7968	263	18	new	new	ADJ
iaajah-7968	263	19	challenges	challenge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	263	20	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	263	21	transforming	transform	VERB
iaajah-7968	263	22	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	263	23	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	263	24	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	263	25	arenas	arena	NOUN
iaajah-7968	263	26	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	263	27	intensified	intensify	VERB
iaajah-7968	263	28	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	263	29	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	263	30	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	263	31	intervention	intervention	NOUN
iaajah-7968	263	32	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	263	33	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	263	34	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	263	35	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	263	36	driven	drive	VERB
iaajah-7968	263	37	militancy	militancy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	263	38	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	264	1	post	post	ADJ
iaajah-7968	264	2	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	264	3	independence	independence	ADJ
iaajah-7968	264	4	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	264	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	264	6	characterized	characterize	VERB
iaajah-7968	264	7	by	by	ADP
iaajah-7968	264	8	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	264	9	militias	militia	NOUN
iaajah-7968	264	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	264	11	militarized	militarized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	264	12	state	state	NOUN
iaajah-7968	264	13	responses	response	NOUN
iaajah-7968	264	14	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	264	15	further	far	ADV
iaajah-7968	264	16	complicated	complicated	ADJ
iaajah-7968	264	17	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	264	18	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	264	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	264	20	often	often	ADV
iaajah-7968	264	21	exacerbating	exacerbate	VERB
iaajah-7968	264	22	tensions	tension	NOUN
iaajah-7968	264	23	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	264	24	undermining	undermine	VERB
iaajah-7968	264	25	trust	trust	NOUN
iaajah-7968	264	26	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	265	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	265	2	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	265	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	265	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	265	6	emergence	emergence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	7	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	265	8	strategic	strategic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	265	9	alliances	alliance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	265	11	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	12	co	co	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	13	-	-	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	14	operation	operation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	15	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	265	16	manifested	manifest	VERB
iaajah-7968	265	17	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	265	18	joint	joint	ADJ
iaajah-7968	265	19	vigilante	vigilante	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	20	groups	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	21	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	265	22	government	government	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	23	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	265	24	led	lead	VERB
iaajah-7968	265	25	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	26	programs	program	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	27	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	265	28	signals	signal	VERB
iaajah-7968	265	29	potential	potential	ADJ
iaajah-7968	265	30	pathways	pathway	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	31	toward	toward	ADP
iaajah-7968	265	32	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
iaajah-7968	265	33	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	34	frameworks	framework	NOUN
iaajah-7968	265	35	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	266	1	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	266	2	efforts	effort	NOUN
iaajah-7968	266	3	underscore	underscore	VERB
iaajah-7968	266	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	266	5	importance	importance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	266	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	266	7	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	266	8	governance	governance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	266	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	266	10	equitable	equitable	ADJ
iaajah-7968	266	11	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	266	12	management	management	NOUN
iaajah-7968	266	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	266	14	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	266	15	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	266	16	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	266	17	mitigating	mitigate	VERB
iaajah-7968	266	18	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	266	19	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	267	1	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
iaajah-7968	267	2	peace	peace	NOUN
iaajah-7968	267	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	267	4	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	267	5	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	267	6	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	267	7	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	267	8	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	267	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	267	10	particularly	particularly	ADV
iaajah-7968	267	11	among	among	ADP
iaajah-7968	267	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	267	13	ikwerre	ikwerre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	267	14	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	267	15	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	267	16	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
iaajah-7968	267	17	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	267	18	hinge	hinge	NOUN
iaajah-7968	267	19	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	267	20	addressing	address	VERB
iaajah-7968	267	21	structural	structural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	267	22	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
iaajah-7968	267	23	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	267	24	fostering	foster	VERB
iaajah-7968	267	25	institutionalized	institutionalized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	267	26	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	267	27	that	that	PRON
iaajah-7968	267	28	transcends	transcend	VERB
iaajah-7968	267	29	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	267	30	divisions	division	NOUN
iaajah-7968	267	31	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	268	1	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	268	2	paper	paper	NOUN
iaajah-7968	268	3	highlights	highlight	NOUN
iaajah-7968	268	4	that	that	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	268	5	while	while	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	268	6	militarized	militarized	ADJ
iaajah-7968	268	7	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	268	8	have	have	AUX
iaajah-7968	268	9	historically	historically	ADV
iaajah-7968	268	10	dominated	dominate	VERB
iaajah-7968	268	11	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	268	12	interactions	interaction	NOUN
iaajah-7968	268	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	268	14	there	there	PRON
iaajah-7968	268	15	remains	remain	VERB
iaajah-7968	268	16	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	268	17	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	268	18	to	to	PART
iaajah-7968	268	19	transform	transform	VERB
iaajah-7968	268	20	these	these	DET
iaajah-7968	268	21	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	268	22	into	into	ADP
iaajah-7968	268	23	resilient	resilient	ADJ
iaajah-7968	268	24	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	268	25	grounded	ground	VERB
iaajah-7968	268	26	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	268	27	mutual	mutual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	268	28	respect	respect	NOUN
iaajah-7968	268	29	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	268	30	shared	share	VERB
iaajah-7968	268	31	security	security	NOUN
iaajah-7968	268	32	objectives	objective	NOUN
iaajah-7968	268	33	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	269	1	references	reference	NOUN
iaajah-7968	269	2	achebe	achebe	PROPN
iaajah-7968	269	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	269	4	c.	c.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	269	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	269	6	2012	2012	NUM
iaajah-7968	269	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	269	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	270	1	there	there	PRON
iaajah-7968	270	2	was	be	VERB
iaajah-7968	270	3	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	270	4	country	country	NOUN
iaajah-7968	270	5	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	270	6	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	270	7	personal	personal	ADJ
iaajah-7968	270	8	history	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	270	9	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	270	10	biafra	biafra	PROPN
iaajah-7968	270	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	271	1	penguin	penguin	NOUN
iaajah-7968	271	2	books	book	NOUN
iaajah-7968	271	3	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	272	1	afigbo	afigbo	PROPN
iaajah-7968	272	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	272	3	a.	a.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	272	4	 	 	SPACE
iaajah-7968	272	5	e.	e.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	272	6	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	272	7	1981	1981	NUM
iaajah-7968	272	8	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	272	9	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	273	1	ropes	rope	NOUN
iaajah-7968	273	2	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	273	3	sand	sand	NOUN
iaajah-7968	273	4	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	273	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	273	6	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	273	7	igbo	igbo	ADJ
iaajah-7968	273	8	history	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	273	9	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	273	10	culture	culture	NOUN
iaajah-7968	273	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	274	1	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	274	2	press	press	NOUN
iaajah-7968	274	3	limited	limit	VERB
iaajah-7968	274	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	275	1	amadi	amadi	PROPN
iaajah-7968	275	2	nna	nna	PROPN
iaajah-7968	275	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	275	4	s.	s.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	275	5	 	 	SPACE
iaajah-7968	275	6	o.	o.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	275	7	 	 	SPACE
iaajah-7968	275	8	l.	l.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	275	9	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	275	10	1993	1993	NUM
iaajah-7968	275	11	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	275	12	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	276	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	276	2	o.	o.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	276	3	nduka	nduka	PROPN
iaajah-7968	276	4	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	276	5	ed	ed	NOUN
iaajah-7968	276	6	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	276	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	276	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	276	9	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	276	10	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	276	11	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	276	12	history	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	276	13	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	276	14	culture	culture	NOUN
iaajah-7968	276	15	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	277	1	craft	craft	NOUN
iaajah-7968	277	2	publishing	publishing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	277	3	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	278	1	amnesty	amnesty	PROPN
iaajah-7968	278	2	international	international	PROPN
iaajah-7968	278	3	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	279	1	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	279	2	2009	2009	NUM
iaajah-7968	279	3	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	279	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	280	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	280	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	281	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	281	2	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
iaajah-7968	281	3	campaign	campaign	NOUN
iaajah-7968	281	4	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	281	5	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	281	6	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	281	7	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	281	8	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	281	9	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	281	10	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	281	11	report	report	NOUN
iaajah-7968	281	12	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	282	1	bbc	bbc	PROPN
iaajah-7968	282	2	news	news	PROPN
iaajah-7968	282	3	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	283	1	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	283	2	2021	2021	NUM
iaajah-7968	283	3	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	283	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	284	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	284	2	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	284	3	police	police	NOUN
iaajah-7968	284	4	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	284	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	284	6	lingering	linger	VERB
iaajah-7968	284	7	effects	effect	NOUN
iaajah-7968	284	8	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	284	9	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	284	10	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	284	11	massacre	massacre	NOUN
iaajah-7968	284	12	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	285	1	bbc	bbc	PROPN
iaajah-7968	285	2	news	news	PROPN
iaajah-7968	285	3	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	286	1	oral	oral	ADJ
iaajah-7968	286	2	interview	interview	NOUN
iaajah-7968	286	3	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	286	4	favour	favour	PROPN
iaajah-7968	286	5	bilikisu	bilikisu	NOUN
iaajah-7968	286	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	286	7	70years	70years	NUM
iaajah-7968	286	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	286	9	virtual	virtual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	286	10	;	;	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	286	11	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	286	12	curtice	curtice	NOUN
iaajah-7968	286	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	286	14	t.	t.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	286	15	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	286	16	2005	2005	NUM
iaajah-7968	286	17	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	286	18	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	287	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	287	2	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	287	3	harsh	harsh	ADJ
iaajah-7968	287	4	police	police	NOUN
iaajah-7968	287	5	culture	culture	NOUN
iaajah-7968	287	6	grew	grow	VERB
iaajah-7968	287	7	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	287	8	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	287	9	abuses	abuse	NOUN
iaajah-7968	287	10	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	288	1	good	good	ADJ
iaajah-7968	288	2	authority	authority	NOUN
iaajah-7968	288	3	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	289	1	diamond	diamond	PROPN
iaajah-7968	289	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	289	3	l.	l.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	289	4	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	289	5	1988	1988	NUM
iaajah-7968	289	6	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	289	7	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	290	1	class	class	NOUN
iaajah-7968	290	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	290	3	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	290	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	290	5	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	290	6	democracy	democracy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	290	7	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	290	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	290	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	290	10	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	290	11	failure	failure	NOUN
iaajah-7968	290	12	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	290	13	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	290	14	first	first	ADJ
iaajah-7968	290	15	republic	republic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	290	16	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	291	1	syracuse	syracuse	PROPN
iaajah-7968	291	2	university	university	PROPN
iaajah-7968	291	3	press	press	NOUN
iaajah-7968	291	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	292	1	duyile	duyile	NOUN
iaajah-7968	292	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	292	3	t.	t.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	292	4	 	 	SPACE
iaajah-7968	293	1	o.	o.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	293	2	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	293	3	2005	2005	NUM
iaajah-7968	293	4	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	293	5	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	294	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	294	2	birth	birth	NOUN
iaajah-7968	294	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	294	4	formation	formation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	294	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	294	6	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	294	7	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	294	8	army	army	NOUN
iaajah-7968	294	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	294	10	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	294	11	background	background	NOUN
iaajah-7968	294	12	to	to	ADP
iaajah-7968	294	13	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	294	14	conundrum	conundrum	NOUN
iaajah-7968	294	15	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	294	16	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	294	17	rivalry	rivalry	NOUN
iaajah-7968	294	18	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	294	19	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	294	20	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
iaajah-7968	294	21	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	295	1	scientia	scientia	PROPN
iaajah-7968	295	2	militaria	militaria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	295	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	295	4	35(1	35(1	NUM
iaajah-7968	295	5	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	295	6	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	296	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
iaajah-7968	296	2	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	296	3	researchgate	researchgate	NOUN
iaajah-7968	296	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	297	1	ejiogu	ejiogu	NOUN
iaajah-7968	297	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	297	3	e.	e.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	297	4	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	297	5	2007	2007	NUM
iaajah-7968	297	6	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	297	7	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	298	1	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	298	2	army	army	NOUN
iaajah-7968	298	3	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	298	4	patterns	pattern	NOUN
iaajah-7968	298	5	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	298	6	post	post	ADJ
iaajah-7968	298	7	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	298	8	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	298	9	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	298	10	coup	coup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	298	11	d’états	d’état	NOUN
iaajah-7968	298	12	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	298	13	africa	africa	PROPN
iaajah-7968	298	14	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	298	15	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	298	16	case	case	NOUN
iaajah-7968	298	17	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	298	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	298	19	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	299	1	scientia	scientia	PROPN
iaajah-7968	299	2	militaria	militaria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	299	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	299	4	35(1	35(1	NUM
iaajah-7968	299	5	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	299	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	299	7	99–132	99–132	PROPN
iaajah-7968	299	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	300	1	ajol	ajol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	300	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	301	1	ejiogu	ejiogu	NOUN
iaajah-7968	301	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	301	3	e.	e.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	301	4	 	 	SPACE
iaajah-7968	301	5	c.	c.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	301	6	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	301	7	2011	2011	NUM
iaajah-7968	301	8	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	301	9	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	302	1	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	302	2	army	army	NOUN
iaajah-7968	302	3	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	302	4	patterns	pattern	NOUN
iaajah-7968	302	5	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	302	6	post	post	ADJ
iaajah-7968	302	7	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	302	8	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	302	9	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	302	10	coups	coup	NOUN
iaajah-7968	302	11	d’etat	d’etat	X
iaajah-7968	302	12	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	302	13	africa	africa	PROPN
iaajah-7968	302	14	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	302	15	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	302	16	case	case	NOUN
iaajah-7968	302	17	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	302	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	302	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	302	20	1966–1993	1966–1993	NUM
iaajah-7968	302	21	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	303	1	scientia	scientia	PROPN
iaajah-7968	303	2	militaria	militaria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	303	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	303	4	35(1	35(1	NUM
iaajah-7968	303	5	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	303	6	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	304	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
iaajah-7968	304	2	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	304	3	scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za	scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za	NOUN
iaajah-7968	304	4	via	via	ADP
iaajah-7968	304	5	ajol	ajol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	304	6	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	305	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	305	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	305	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	305	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	305	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	305	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	305	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	305	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	305	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	305	10	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	305	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	306	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	306	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	307	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	307	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	307	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	307	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	307	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	307	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	307	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	307	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	307	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	307	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	307	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	307	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	307	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	307	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	307	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	307	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	307	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	307	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	307	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	307	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	307	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	308	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	308	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	308	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	308	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	308	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	308	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	308	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	308	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	308	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	308	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	308	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	308	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	308	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	308	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	308	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	308	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	308	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	308	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	308	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	308	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	308	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	308	22	institute	institute	PROPN
iaajah-7968	308	23	76	76	NUM
iaajah-7968	308	24	eze	eze	PROPN
iaajah-7968	308	25	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	308	26	c.	c.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	308	27	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	308	28	2010	2010	NUM
iaajah-7968	308	29	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	308	30	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	309	1	militancy	militancy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	309	2	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	309	3	its	its	PRON
iaajah-7968	309	4	impact	impact	NOUN
iaajah-7968	309	5	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	309	6	development	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	309	7	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	309	8	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	309	9	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	309	10	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	309	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	310	1	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	310	2	journal	journal	PROPN
iaajah-7968	310	3	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	310	4	political	political	ADJ
iaajah-7968	310	5	science	science	NOUN
iaajah-7968	310	6	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	310	7	international	international	ADJ
iaajah-7968	310	8	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	310	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	310	10	4(9	4(9	NUM
iaajah-7968	310	11	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	310	12	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	310	13	370–375	370–375	NUM
iaajah-7968	310	14	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	310	15	falola	falola	PROPN
iaajah-7968	310	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	310	17	t.	t.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	310	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	310	19	&	&	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	310	20	heaton	heaton	PROPN
iaajah-7968	310	21	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	310	22	m.	m.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	310	23	 	 	SPACE
iaajah-7968	310	24	m.	m.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	310	25	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	310	26	2008	2008	NUM
iaajah-7968	310	27	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	310	28	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	311	1	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	311	2	history	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	311	3	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	311	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	311	5	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	312	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
iaajah-7968	312	2	university	university	PROPN
iaajah-7968	312	3	press	press	NOUN
iaajah-7968	312	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	313	1	human	human	ADJ
iaajah-7968	313	2	rights	right	NOUN
iaajah-7968	313	3	watch	watch	NOUN
iaajah-7968	313	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	314	1	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	314	2	1999	1999	NUM
iaajah-7968	314	3	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	314	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	315	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	315	2	niger	niger	PROPN
iaajah-7968	315	3	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	315	4	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	315	5	no	no	DET
iaajah-7968	315	6	democratic	democratic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	315	7	dividend	dividend	NOUN
iaajah-7968	315	8	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	315	9	report	report	NOUN
iaajah-7968	315	10	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	316	1	kanu	kanu	PROPN
iaajah-7968	316	2	i.	i.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	316	3	a.	a.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	316	4	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	316	5	2017	2017	NUM
iaajah-7968	316	6	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	316	7	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	317	1	igwebuikeconomics	igwebuikeconomic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	317	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	317	3	towards	towards	ADP
iaajah-7968	317	4	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	317	5	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	317	6	economy	economy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	317	7	for	for	ADP
iaajah-7968	317	8	economic	economic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	317	9	development	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	317	10	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	318	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	318	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	318	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	318	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	318	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	318	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	318	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	318	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	318	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	318	10	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	319	1	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	319	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	320	1	3	3	X
iaajah-7968	320	2	.	.	X
iaajah-7968	320	3	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	320	4	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	320	5	6	6	NUM
iaajah-7968	320	6	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	320	7	113	113	NUM
iaajah-7968	320	8	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	320	9	140	140	NUM
iaajah-7968	320	10	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	321	1	kanu	kanu	PROPN
iaajah-7968	321	2	i.	i.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	321	3	a.	a.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	321	4	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	321	5	2017	2017	NUM
iaajah-7968	321	6	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	321	7	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	322	1	sources	source	NOUN
iaajah-7968	322	2	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	322	3	igwebuike	igwebuike	ADJ
iaajah-7968	322	4	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	322	5	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	323	1	international	international	ADJ
iaajah-7968	323	2	journal	journal	PROPN
iaajah-7968	323	3	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	323	4	religion	religion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	323	5	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	323	6	human	human	ADJ
iaajah-7968	323	7	relations	relation	NOUN
iaajah-7968	323	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	324	1	9	9	NUM
iaajah-7968	324	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	324	3	1	1	NUM
iaajah-7968	324	4	.	.	X
iaajah-7968	325	1	pp	pp	ADJ
iaajah-7968	325	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	326	1	1	1	NUM
iaajah-7968	326	2	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	326	3	23	23	NUM
iaajah-7968	326	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	327	1	kanu	kanu	PROPN
iaajah-7968	327	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	327	3	a.	a.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	327	4	i.	i.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	327	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	327	6	2016a	2016a	NUM
iaajah-7968	327	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	327	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	328	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	328	2	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	328	3	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	328	4	trend	trend	NOUN
iaajah-7968	328	5	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	328	6	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	328	7	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	328	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	329	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	329	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	329	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	329	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	329	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	329	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	329	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	329	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	329	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	329	10	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	330	1	2	2	NUM
iaajah-7968	330	2	.	.	NUM
iaajah-7968	330	3	1	1	NUM
iaajah-7968	330	4	.	.	X
iaajah-7968	330	5	97	97	NUM
iaajah-7968	330	6	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	330	7	101	101	NUM
iaajah-7968	330	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	331	1	kanu	kanu	PROPN
iaajah-7968	331	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	331	3	a.	a.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	331	4	i.	i.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	331	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	331	6	2017c	2017c	NUM
iaajah-7968	331	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	331	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	332	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	332	2	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	332	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	332	4	igbo	igbo	ADJ
iaajah-7968	332	5	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	332	6	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	332	7	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	332	8	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	332	9	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	332	10	leadership	leadership	NOUN
iaajah-7968	332	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	333	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	333	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	333	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	333	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	333	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	333	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	333	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	333	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	333	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	333	10	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	334	1	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	334	2	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	334	3	3	3	NUM
iaajah-7968	335	1	no	no	DET
iaajah-7968	335	2	7	7	NUM
iaajah-7968	335	3	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	336	1	pp	pp	ADJ
iaajah-7968	336	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	337	1	165	165	NUM
iaajah-7968	337	2	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	337	3	183	183	NUM
iaajah-7968	337	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	338	1	kanu	kanu	PROPN
iaajah-7968	338	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	338	3	a.	a.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	338	4	i.	i.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	338	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	338	6	2017d	2017d	NUM
iaajah-7968	338	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	338	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	339	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	ADJ
iaajah-7968	339	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	339	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	339	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	339	5	issue	issue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	339	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	339	7	national	national	ADJ
iaajah-7968	339	8	development	development	NOUN
iaajah-7968	339	9	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	340	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	340	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	340	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	340	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	340	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	340	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	340	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	340	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	340	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	340	10	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	341	1	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	341	2	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	341	3	3	3	NUM
iaajah-7968	342	1	no	no	DET
iaajah-7968	342	2	6	6	NUM
iaajah-7968	342	3	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	343	1	pp	pp	ADJ
iaajah-7968	343	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	344	1	16	16	NUM
iaajah-7968	344	2	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	344	3	50	50	NUM
iaajah-7968	344	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	345	1	kanu	kanu	PROPN
iaajah-7968	345	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	345	3	a.	a.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	345	4	i.	i.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	345	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	345	6	2017f	2017f	NUM
iaajah-7968	345	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	345	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	346	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	346	2	as	as	ADP
iaajah-7968	346	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	346	4	igbo	igbo	PROPN
iaajah-7968	346	5	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	346	6	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	346	7	ethic	ethic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	346	8	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	346	9	reciprocity	reciprocity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	346	10	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	347	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	347	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	347	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	347	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	347	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	347	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	347	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	347	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	347	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	347	10	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	348	1	3	3	NUM
iaajah-7968	348	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	348	3	2	2	NUM
iaajah-7968	348	4	.	.	X
iaajah-7968	348	5	pp	pp	ADJ
iaajah-7968	348	6	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	349	1	153	153	NUM
iaajah-7968	349	2	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	349	3	160	160	NUM
iaajah-7968	349	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	350	1	kanu	kanu	PROPN
iaajah-7968	350	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	350	3	i.	i.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	350	4	a.	a.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	350	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	350	6	2010	2010	NUM
iaajah-7968	350	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	350	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	351	1	towards	towards	ADP
iaajah-7968	351	2	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	351	3	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	351	4	cultural	cultural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	351	5	renaissance	renaissance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	351	6	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	352	1	professor	professor	NOUN
iaajah-7968	352	2	bassey	bassey	PROPN
iaajah-7968	352	3	andah	andah	PROPN
iaajah-7968	352	4	journal	journal	PROPN
iaajah-7968	352	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	352	6	cultural	cultural	ADJ
iaajah-7968	352	7	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	352	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	353	1	volume	volume	NOUN
iaajah-7968	353	2	3	3	NUM
iaajah-7968	353	3	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	353	4	pp	pp	ADJ
iaajah-7968	353	5	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	354	1	146	146	NUM
iaajah-7968	354	2	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	354	3	155	155	NUM
iaajah-7968	354	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	355	1	kanu	kanu	PROPN
iaajah-7968	355	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	355	3	i.	i.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	355	4	a.	a.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	355	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	355	6	2012	2012	NUM
iaajah-7968	355	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	355	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	356	1	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	356	2	metaphysical	metaphysical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	356	3	epistemological	epistemological	ADJ
iaajah-7968	356	4	study	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	356	5	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	356	6	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	356	7	medical	medical	ADJ
iaajah-7968	356	8	practitioners	practitioner	NOUN
iaajah-7968	356	9	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	357	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	357	2	o.	o.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	357	3	e.	e.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	357	4	ezenweke	ezenweke	PROPN
iaajah-7968	357	5	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	357	6	i.	i.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	357	7	a.	a.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	357	8	kanu	kanu	PROPN
iaajah-7968	357	9	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	357	10	2012	2012	NUM
iaajah-7968	357	11	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	357	12	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	358	1	issues	issue	NOUN
iaajah-7968	358	2	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	358	3	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	358	4	traditional	traditional	ADJ
iaajah-7968	358	5	religion	religion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	358	6	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	358	7	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	358	8	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	358	9	pp	pp	ADJ
iaajah-7968	358	10	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	359	1	227	227	NUM
iaajah-7968	359	2	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	359	3	240	240	NUM
iaajah-7968	359	4	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	359	5	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	360	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	360	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	361	1	augustinian	augustinian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	361	2	publications	publication	NOUN
iaajah-7968	361	3	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	362	1	kanu	kanu	PROPN
iaajah-7968	362	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	362	3	i.	i.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	362	4	a.	a.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	362	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	362	6	2012	2012	NUM
iaajah-7968	362	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	362	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	363	1	being	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	363	2	qua	qua	X
iaajah-7968	363	3	belongingness	belongingness	NOUN
iaajah-7968	363	4	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	363	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	363	6	provenance	provenance	NOUN
iaajah-7968	363	7	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	363	8	implications	implication	NOUN
iaajah-7968	363	9	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	363	10	pantaleon	pantaleon	NOUN
iaajah-7968	363	11	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	363	12	redefinition	redefinition	NOUN
iaajah-7968	363	13	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	363	14	being	be	AUX
iaajah-7968	363	15	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	364	1	uche	uche	PROPN
iaajah-7968	364	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	364	3	journal	journal	PROPN
iaajah-7968	364	4	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	364	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	364	6	department	department	NOUN
iaajah-7968	364	7	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	364	8	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	364	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	364	10	university	university	PROPN
iaajah-7968	364	11	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	364	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	364	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	364	14	nsukka	nsukka	PROPN
iaajah-7968	364	15	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	364	16	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	364	17	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	365	1	17	17	NUM
iaajah-7968	365	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	366	1	pp	pp	ADJ
iaajah-7968	366	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	367	1	57	57	NUM
iaajah-7968	367	2	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	367	3	58	58	NUM
iaajah-7968	367	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	368	1	mike	mike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	368	2	b.	b.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	368	3	bazza	bazza	PROPN
iaajah-7968	368	4	&	&	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	368	5	moses	moses	PROPN
iaajah-7968	368	6	t.	t.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	368	7	korinya	korinya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	368	8	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	368	9	2020	2020	NUM
iaajah-7968	368	10	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	368	11	shaka	shaka	PROPN
iaajah-7968	368	12	zulu	zulu	PROPN
iaajah-7968	368	13	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	368	14	pre	pre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	368	15	-	-	ADJ
iaajah-7968	368	16	colonial	colonial	ADJ
iaajah-7968	368	17	military	military	ADJ
iaajah-7968	368	18	build	build	NOUN
iaajah-7968	368	19	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	368	20	up	up	NOUN
iaajah-7968	368	21	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	368	22	eurocentric	eurocentric	ADJ
iaajah-7968	368	23	view	view	NOUN
iaajah-7968	368	24	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	368	25	africa	africa	PROPN
iaajah-7968	368	26	’s	’s	PART
iaajah-7968	368	27	standing	standing	PROPN
iaajah-7968	368	28	army	army	NOUN
iaajah-7968	368	29	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	368	30	festschrift	festschrift	NOUN
iaajah-7968	368	31	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	368	32	honour	honour	NOUN
iaajah-7968	368	33	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	368	34	prof	prof	PROPN
iaajah-7968	368	35	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	369	1	ojong	ojong	PROPN
iaajah-7968	369	2	echum	echum	PROPN
iaajah-7968	369	3	tangban	tangban	PROPN
iaajah-7968	369	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	369	5	kaduna	kaduna	PROPN
iaajah-7968	369	6	nda	nda	PROPN
iaajah-7968	369	7	press	press	NOUN
iaajah-7968	369	8	militarization	militarization	NOUN
iaajah-7968	369	9	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	369	10	british	british	ADJ
iaajah-7968	369	11	colonies	colony	NOUN
iaajah-7968	369	12	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	369	13	west	west	PROPN
iaajah-7968	369	14	africa	africa	PROPN
iaajah-7968	369	15	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	369	16	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	369	17	great	great	ADJ
iaajah-7968	369	18	war	war	NOUN
iaajah-7968	369	19	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	369	20	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	369	21	warfare	warfare	NOUN
iaajah-7968	369	22	–	–	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	369	23	welfare	welfare	NOUN
iaajah-7968	369	24	nexus	nexus	NOUN
iaajah-7968	369	25	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	369	26	1976	1976	NUM
iaajah-7968	369	27	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	369	28	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	370	1	social	social	ADJ
iaajah-7968	370	2	science	science	NOUN
iaajah-7968	370	3	history	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	370	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	371	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
iaajah-7968	371	2	university	university	PROPN
iaajah-7968	371	3	press	press	PROPN
iaajah-7968	371	4	&	&	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	371	5	assessment	assessment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	371	6	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	372	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	372	2	regiment	regiment	NOUN
iaajah-7968	372	3	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	373	1	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	373	2	1914–1956	1914–1956	NUM
iaajah-7968	373	3	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	373	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	374	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	374	2	ajol	ajol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	374	3	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
iaajah-7968	374	4	august	august	PROPN
iaajah-7968	374	5	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	374	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	374	7	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	374	8	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	375	1	obi	obi	PROPN
iaajah-7968	375	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	375	3	c.	c.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	375	4	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	375	5	2010	2010	NUM
iaajah-7968	375	6	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	375	7	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	376	1	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	376	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	376	3	environmental	environmental	ADJ
iaajah-7968	376	4	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	376	5	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	376	6	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	376	7	politics	politic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	376	8	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	376	9	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	376	10	control	control	NOUN
iaajah-7968	376	11	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	376	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	376	13	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	377	1	journal	journal	PROPN
iaajah-7968	377	2	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	377	3	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
iaajah-7968	377	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	377	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	377	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	377	7	28(4	28(4	NUM
iaajah-7968	377	8	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	377	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	377	10	365–386	365–386	NUM
iaajah-7968	377	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	377	12	ochonu	ochonu	NOUN
iaajah-7968	377	13	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	377	14	m.	m.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	377	15	 	 	SPACE
iaajah-7968	377	16	e.	e.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	377	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	377	18	2020	2020	NUM
iaajah-7968	377	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	377	20	october	october	PROPN
iaajah-7968	377	21	27	27	NUM
iaajah-7968	377	22	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	377	23	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	378	1	decolonising	decolonise	VERB
iaajah-7968	378	2	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
iaajah-7968	378	3	policing	policing	NOUN
iaajah-7968	378	4	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	378	5	reflections	reflection	NOUN
iaajah-7968	378	6	on	on	ADP
iaajah-7968	378	7	#	#	NOUN
iaajah-7968	378	8	endsars	endsar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	378	9	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	379	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	379	2	guardian	guardian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	379	3	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	379	4	news	news	PROPN
iaajah-7968	379	5	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	380	1	okonta	okonta	PROPN
iaajah-7968	380	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	380	3	i.	i.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	380	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	380	5	&	&	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	380	6	douglas	douglas	PROPN
iaajah-7968	380	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	380	8	o.	o.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	380	9	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	380	10	2001	2001	NUM
iaajah-7968	380	11	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	380	12	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	381	1	where	where	SCONJ
iaajah-7968	381	2	vultures	vulture	VERB
iaajah-7968	381	3	feast	feast	NOUN
iaajah-7968	381	4	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	381	5	shell	shell	ADJ
iaajah-7968	381	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	381	7	human	human	ADJ
iaajah-7968	381	8	rights	right	NOUN
iaajah-7968	381	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	381	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	381	11	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	381	12	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	381	13	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	381	14	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	381	15	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	381	16	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	382	1	sierra	sierra	PROPN
iaajah-7968	382	2	club	club	PROPN
iaajah-7968	382	3	books	book	NOUN
iaajah-7968	382	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	383	1	oral	oral	ADJ
iaajah-7968	383	2	interview	interview	NOUN
iaajah-7968	383	3	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	383	4	favour	favour	PROPN
iaajah-7968	383	5	meruem	meruem	ADJ
iaajah-7968	383	6	60years	60year	NOUN
iaajah-7968	383	7	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	383	8	virtual	virtual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	383	9	;	;	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	383	10	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	383	11	oral	oral	ADJ
iaajah-7968	383	12	interview	interview	NOUN
iaajah-7968	383	13	with	with	ADP
iaajah-7968	383	14	morris	morris	PROPN
iaajah-7968	383	15	amaechi	amaechi	PROPN
iaajah-7968	383	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	383	17	50years	50years	NUM
iaajah-7968	383	18	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	383	19	virtual	virtual	ADJ
iaajah-7968	383	20	;	;	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	383	21	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	383	22	smith	smith	PROPN
iaajah-7968	383	23	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	383	24	d.	d.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	383	25	 	 	SPACE
iaajah-7968	383	26	j.	j.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	383	27	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	383	28	2007	2007	NUM
iaajah-7968	383	29	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	383	30	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	384	1	a	a	DET
iaajah-7968	384	2	culture	culture	NOUN
iaajah-7968	384	3	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	384	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
iaajah-7968	384	5	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	384	6	everyday	everyday	ADJ
iaajah-7968	384	7	deception	deception	NOUN
iaajah-7968	384	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	384	9	popular	popular	ADJ
iaajah-7968	384	10	discontent	discontent	NOUN
iaajah-7968	384	11	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	384	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	384	13	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	385	1	princeton	princeton	PROPN
iaajah-7968	385	2	university	university	PROPN
iaajah-7968	385	3	press	press	NOUN
iaajah-7968	385	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	386	1	talbot	talbot	PROPN
iaajah-7968	386	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	386	3	p.	p.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	386	4	 	 	SPACE
iaajah-7968	386	5	a.	a.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	386	6	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	386	7	1932	1932	NUM
iaajah-7968	386	8	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	386	9	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	387	1	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	387	2	tribes	tribe	NOUN
iaajah-7968	387	3	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	387	4	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	387	5	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	387	6	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	387	7	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	387	8	their	their	PRON
iaajah-7968	387	9	religions	religion	NOUN
iaajah-7968	387	10	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	387	11	customs	custom	NOUN
iaajah-7968	387	12	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	388	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
iaajah-7968	388	2	university	university	PROPN
iaajah-7968	388	3	press	press	NOUN
iaajah-7968	388	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	389	1	igwebuike	igwebuike	NOUN
iaajah-7968	389	2	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	389	3	an	an	DET
iaajah-7968	389	4	african	african	ADJ
iaajah-7968	389	5	journal	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	389	6	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	389	7	arts	art	NOUN
iaajah-7968	389	8	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	389	9	humanities	humanity	NOUN
iaajah-7968	389	10	vol	vol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	389	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	390	1	11	11	NUM
iaajah-7968	390	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	391	1	no	no	INTJ
iaajah-7968	391	2	.	.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	391	3	8	8	NUM
iaajah-7968	391	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	391	5	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	391	6	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	391	7	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	391	8	issn	issn	PROPN
iaajah-7968	391	9	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	391	10	24889210	24889210	NUM
iaajah-7968	391	11	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	391	12	print	print	NOUN
iaajah-7968	391	13	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	391	14	2504	2504	NUM
iaajah-7968	391	15	-	-	SYM
iaajah-7968	391	16	9038	9038	NUM
iaajah-7968	391	17	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	391	18	online	online	NOUN
iaajah-7968	391	19	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	391	20	dept	dept	NOUN
iaajah-7968	391	21	.	.	PROPN
iaajah-7968	392	1	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	392	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	392	3	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	392	4	religious	religious	ADJ
iaajah-7968	392	5	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	392	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	392	7	tansian	tansian	PROPN
iaajah-7968	392	8	university	university	NOUN
iaajah-7968	392	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	392	10	umunya	umunya	PROPN
iaajah-7968	392	11	indexed	index	VERB
iaajah-7968	392	12	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	392	13	academic	academic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	392	14	journals	journal	NOUN
iaajah-7968	392	15	online	online	ADV
iaajah-7968	392	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	392	17	google	google	PROPN
iaajah-7968	392	18	scholar	scholar	NOUN
iaajah-7968	392	19	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	392	20	igwebuike	igwebuike	PROPN
iaajah-7968	392	21	research	research	PROPN
iaajah-7968	392	22	institute	institute	PROPN
iaajah-7968	392	23	77	77	NUM
iaajah-7968	392	24	this	this	DET
iaajah-7968	392	25	day	day	NOUN
iaajah-7968	392	26	live	live	ADV
iaajah-7968	392	27	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	393	1	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	393	2	2020	2020	NUM
iaajah-7968	393	3	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	393	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	394	1	history	history	NOUN
iaajah-7968	394	2	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	394	3	policing	police	VERB
iaajah-7968	394	4	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	394	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	394	6	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	395	1	thisdaylive	thisdaylive	ADJ
iaajah-7968	395	2	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	396	1	watts	watts	PROPN
iaajah-7968	396	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	396	3	m.	m.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	396	4	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	396	5	2004	2004	NUM
iaajah-7968	396	6	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	396	7	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	397	1	resource	resource	NOUN
iaajah-7968	397	2	curse	curse	NOUN
iaajah-7968	397	3	?	?	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	398	1	governmentality	governmentality	NOUN
iaajah-7968	398	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	398	3	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	398	4	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	398	5	power	power	NOUN
iaajah-7968	398	6	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	398	7	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	398	8	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	398	9	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	398	10	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	398	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	398	12	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	399	1	geopolitics	geopolitic	NOUN
iaajah-7968	399	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	399	3	9(1	9(1	NUM
iaajah-7968	399	4	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	399	5	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	399	6	50–80	50–80	NUM
iaajah-7968	399	7	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	400	1	watts	watts	PROPN
iaajah-7968	400	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	400	3	m.	m.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	400	4	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	400	5	2007	2007	NUM
iaajah-7968	400	6	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	400	7	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	401	1	petro	petro	NOUN
iaajah-7968	401	2	-	-	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	401	3	violence	violence	NOUN
iaajah-7968	401	4	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	401	5	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	401	6	rise	rise	NOUN
iaajah-7968	401	7	and	and	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	401	8	fall	fall	NOUN
iaajah-7968	401	9	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	401	10	armed	armed	ADJ
iaajah-7968	401	11	militancy	militancy	NOUN
iaajah-7968	401	12	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	401	13	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	401	14	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	401	15	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	401	16	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	401	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
iaajah-7968	401	18	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	402	1	studies	study	NOUN
iaajah-7968	402	2	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	402	3	conflict	conflict	NOUN
iaajah-7968	402	4	&	&	CCONJ
iaajah-7968	402	5	terrorism	terrorism	NOUN
iaajah-7968	402	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	402	7	30(10	30(10	NUM
iaajah-7968	402	8	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	402	9	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	402	10	1013–1032	1013–1032	NUM
iaajah-7968	402	11	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	403	1	watts	watts	PROPN
iaajah-7968	403	2	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	403	3	m.	m.	NOUN
iaajah-7968	403	4	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	403	5	2008	2008	NUM
iaajah-7968	403	6	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	403	7	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	404	1	curse	curse	NOUN
iaajah-7968	404	2	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	404	3	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	404	4	black	black	ADJ
iaajah-7968	404	5	gold	gold	NOUN
iaajah-7968	404	6	:	:	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	404	7	50	50	NUM
iaajah-7968	404	8	years	year	NOUN
iaajah-7968	404	9	of	of	ADP
iaajah-7968	404	10	oil	oil	NOUN
iaajah-7968	404	11	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	404	12	the	the	DET
iaajah-7968	404	13	niger	niger	NOUN
iaajah-7968	404	14	delta	delta	NOUN
iaajah-7968	404	15	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	405	1	power	power	NOUN
iaajah-7968	405	2	house	house	NOUN
iaajah-7968	405	3	books	book	NOUN
iaajah-7968	405	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	406	1	winner	winner	NOUN
iaajah-7968	406	2	contributors	contributor	NOUN
iaajah-7968	406	3	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	407	1	(	(	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	407	2	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	407	3	)	)	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	407	4	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	408	1	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	408	2	people	people	NOUN
iaajah-7968	408	3	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	409	1	in	in	ADP
iaajah-7968	409	2	ajol	ajol	NOUN
iaajah-7968	409	3	.	.	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	410	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
iaajah-7968	410	2	august	august	PROPN
iaajah-7968	410	3	12	12	NUM
iaajah-7968	410	4	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	410	5	2025	2025	NUM
iaajah-7968	410	6	,	,	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	410	7	from	from	ADP
iaajah-7968	410	8	“	"	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	410	9	ikwerre	ikwerre	ADJ
iaajah-7968	410	10	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
iaajah-7968	410	11	group	group	NOUN
iaajah-7968	410	12	”	"	PUNCT
iaajah-7968	410	13	page	page	NOUN
iaajah-7968	410	14	.	.	PUNCT