

































 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH  

( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE 

RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA 

STATE, NIGERIA 

 

OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA, OKOYE CHINEDU O. AND UKAH 

CHINOMSO 

Corresponding Author: Maryvivian Chinasa Okeke 

Affiliation: Department of Environmental Management, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, 

Anambra State, Nigeria 

Abstract 

Road construction projects play an important role in enhancing mobility, economic activities, 
and social well-being. However, when abandoned, they often create more challenges than 
benefits for affected communities. Consequently, abandoned road projects have become 
recurring problems that disrupt environmental stability and socioeconomic development. This 
study evaluated the environmental and socioeconomic effects of abandoned road construction 
projects on residents of Awka South L. G. A. of Anambra State. The study employed a 
survey research design. The population for this study comprised all the residents of the five 
towns of Amawbia, Awka, Isiagu, Nibo and Okpuno in Awka South Local Government Area. 
The selected roads are; Dan Mmaduka Avenue, Amawbia, Ifite road, Awka, Isiagu Road, 
Isiagu, Onyenwochi road, Nibo and ObyOkoli Avenue, Okpuno. Sampling combined 
purposive, proportionate stratified, and systematic techniques to ensure representativeness 
across five locations.The study employed structured questionnaire as the primary instrument 
for data collection, targeting residents within a 500-meter radius of abandoned road projects 
in Awka South L. G. A. Using Yamane’s formula, a sample size of 399 was determined, with 
386 valid responses returned (96.7% rate). In addition, semi-structured interviews with health 
workers, business owners, and drivers provided qualitative insights. Data were analyzed 
using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Environmental issues identified include air pollution 
(32.6%), erosion (23.1%), water stagnation (15.3%), and flooding (14.2%), while 
socioeconomic effects include increased transport costs (34.5%), loss of business income 
(23.1%), reduced market access (13.5%), among others. The ANOVA and post hoc tests 
revealed that abandoned road construction projects significantly affect residents’ 
socioeconomic activities across the selected road locations in Awka South L.G.A. (p = .000). 
Impacts varied across locations, with Dan Mmaduka Avenue least affected and Onyenwochi 
most impacted. From the findings, it was recommended that active involvement of host 
communities in planning, land acquisition, and monitoring can reduce resistance and foster 
ownership. Continuous dialogue with stakeholders ensures smoother execution and reduces 
the risk of abandonment. 
Keywords: Road Abandonment, Construction, Projects, Awka South, Anambra State 

 

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 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH  

( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

1.0 Introduction 

Road infrastructure is a vital component of economic development and the overall well-being 

of societies. It enables the movement of goods and people, fosters economic activity, and 

facilitates access to essential services such as healthcare, education, and markets. The issue of 

construction project abandonment is a global issue which is not peculiar to one country. 

Construction project abandonment is a global challenge, not confined to Nigeria. In Malaysia, 

weak contract management and funding issues often lead to incomplete projects (Zuhairi et 

al, 2024). Similarly, in the United States, economic downturns and client bankruptcy 

contribute to abandonment (Mauk et al, 2025). Spain has experienced project failures due to 

financial crises and poor planning (Quintas-Soriano et al, 2023). In the United Arab Emirates 

and Saudi Arabia, delays stem from fluctuating oil revenues (Al-Kaabi, 2021). Likewise, 

Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Russia encounter abandonment linked to political, financial, and 

regulatory constraints (Alsulaiti and Kerbache, 2020). 

 

In developing regions like sub-Saharan Africa, road infrastructure is especially critical for 

rural development and poverty alleviation (Calderon et al., 2018; Sewell et al., 2019). 

However, the abandonment of road construction projects can significantly hinder these 

benefits, leading to severe socio-economic and environmental consequences. Road 

infrastructure plays a critical role in enhancing socio-economic development and improving 

the quality of life, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. The construction and 

maintenance of roads directly influence access to essential services, economic productivity, 

and the mobility of goods and people (Pillay, 2023; Sieber and Allen, 2016). However, road 

construction projects in Nigeria are frequently disrupted due to various challenges, including 

poor project management, inadequate funding, and political instability, which lead to project 

abandonment. Such abandonment not only hinders the development of infrastructure but also 

causes severe socio-economic and environmental consequences for affected communities 

(Damoah et al., 2020). 

In Nigeria, many road construction projects are initiated but left unfinished due to various 

challenges, such as inadequate funding, political instability, poor project planning, and 

administrative inefficiencies (Hirschman, 2014). The abandonment of these projects leads to 

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 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH  

( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

economic underdevelopment, deteriorated living conditions, and heightened environmental 

degradation in the affected areas. Awka South Local Government Area (LGA) in Anambra 

State, Nigeria, is one such areas that experienced multiple abandoned road construction 

projects before 2022.  

 

Road infrastructure plays a fundamental role in national development, particularly in 

economies dependent on transportation for commerce and daily living. Efficient road 

networks lower the cost of trade and travel, thereby stimulating economic growth (Saidi 

andOmri, 2020). In Nigeria, where agriculture and trade are key economic sectors, road 

infrastructure is critical for ensuring that products reach markets for both domestic and 

international trade. However, despite the essential nature of roads, Nigeria continues to 

struggle with road infrastructure deficits, especially in rural areas (Onokala and Olajide, 

2020). Abandoned road projects exacerbate this infrastructure deficit, leaving communities 

disconnected, creating safety hazards, reducing property values, and slowing economic 

activities (Cervero et al., 2017). Over time, these incomplete projects disrupt access to 

essential services, forcing residents to rely on unsafe or inefficient alternative routes. In some 

cases, abandoned projects become symbols of government inefficiency, further eroding 

public confidence in development efforts. 

 

From a socioeconomic perspective, abandoned road projects significantly impact residents’ 

livelihoods. Research by Sewell and Desai (2016) found that communities near abandoned 

road projects experience a 40% increase in transportation costs due to poor road conditions 

and restricted access to markets, schools, and healthcare facilities. Business owners and 

traders in affected areas also report substantial income losses, as inadequate road networks 

limit customer access. Furthermore, studies have established that poor road infrastructure 

discourages investment, leading to a decline in property values and business opportunities 

(Aerni, 2016). Although, all the previously abandoned roads in the study area have now been 

repaired, there is still limited empirical research that evaluates how their period of 

abandonment affected residents’ socio-economic conditions. While existing literature discuss 

the general effects of poor infrastructure, few studies have focused specifically on localized 

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 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH  

( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

evidence from Awka South L. G. A. This study evaluated the environmental and 

socioeconomic effects of abandoned road construction projects in Awka South L. G. A., 

Anambra State. 

 

2.0 Materials and Methods 

The Study Area 

This study is centered on Awka South L. G. A, one of the 21 L. G. As in Anambra State, 

Nigeria (Fig 1). Strategically located in the southeastern region of the country, Awka South 

L. G. A. serves as the capital of Anambra State and is renowned for its vibrant urban 

environment. It functions as a significant administrative, commercial, and educational center. 

The L. G. A. features a mix of urban and semi-urban settings, with a rapidly growing 

population that relies heavily on road infrastructure for transportation and access to essential 

services. Situated approximately 15 kilometers northeast of the Niger River, Awka South L. 

G. A. is bordered by Awka North, Orumba North, Njikoka, and Anaocha L. G. As (Fig 2). It 

consists of nine towns namelyAmawbia, Awka, Ezinato, Isiagu, Mbaukwu, Nibo, Nise, 

Okpuno, and Umuawulu. Geographically, it is located at Latitude 6°10'N and 6°15'N and 

Longitude 7°00'E and 7°10'E (Awka South LGA, 2023), covering a total land area of 164.3 

km². With a population density of about 1,600 people per square kilometer, the projected 

population for 2022 was approximately 270,300 (Anambra State, 2022). Awka South L. G. 

A. experiences two main seasons, the wet season and the dry season. The region records an 

average annual precipitation of approximately 2,950 mm, with a climate characterized by an 

average temperature of 27°C and relative humidity of 70% (Awka South LGA, 2023). The 

selected roads for the study are located within Amawbia, Awka, Isiagu, Nibo and Okpuno. 

 

 

 

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 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH 

( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                           

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA

 

Figure 1: Map of Anambra Showing Awka South LGA

Source: Department of Surveying and Geo

Anambra State, Nigeria 

 

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH 

2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA 

                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || 

EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 

: Map of Anambra Showing Awka South LGA 

Department of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, NnamdiAzikiwe Universit

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH  

OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

|| October, 2025 || 

EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

 

 

Informatics, NnamdiAzikiwe University, Awka, 

 

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 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH  

( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

Figure 2: Map of Awka South showing the study areas, minor roads and major roads  

Source:Department of Surveying and GeoInformatics, NnamdiAzikiwe University, Awka, 

Anambra State, Nigeria 

Methods 

This study employed a survey research design to evaluate the effects of abandoned road 

projects on the residents of Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State. This design 

was selected to provide a comprehensive understanding of the research problem by 

integrating numerical data with in-depth insights from stakeholders such as residents, 

ministry of works, health workers, business operators and drivers. The Quantitative data were 

collected through structured questionnaire administered to residents, while qualitative data 

were gathered through semi-structured interviews conducted with ministry of works, health 

workers, business operators and drivers in the study area.  

 

The population for this study comprises all the residents of the five towns of Amawbia, 

Awka, Isiagu, Nibo and Okpuno in Awka South Local Government Area. These towns were 

purposively selected because they experienced abandoned roads and subsequent road repairs. 

The selected roads are; Dan Mmaduka Avenue, Amawbia, Ifite road, Awka, Isiagu Road, 

Isiagu, Onyenwochi road, Nibo and ObyOkoli Avenue, Okpuno. Only residents who have 

lived in these areas for at least five years prior to the road repair in 2022 were eligible for the 

study. Using satellite-based building footprint analysis, there were a total of 2,742 residential 

buildings across the selected towns. Each building represents a housing unit from which 

respondents were drawn for administration of questionnaire. This group spans various 

demographic characteristics such as age, gender, occupation, education level, and socio-

economic status. Their inclusion is essential for understanding the community’s experiences 

and perceptions regarding the environment, social, economic, and infrastructural impacts of 

both abandoned and repaired roads. The population of Awka South L. G. A. in 2006 was 

189,654 (NPC, 2006). With population projection, the population was projected to 2024 

using the formular; 

Pt = Po (1 + r)18 

Pt = Population of the past 

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 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH  

( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

Po = Population of the present 

r = Growth rate 

t = Time 

With this formula, the projected population stood at 311,791.  

 

To determine an appropriate sample size, this study applied Yamane’s formula (as cited by 

Ukah and Ejaro (2019), which is commonly applied to large populations. This formula 

calculates the sample size based on the total population (N) and the margin of error (e). Thus; 

Where: 

n is the required sample size 

N is the population size 

e is the margin of error (usually 0.05 for a 95% confidence level) 

From the calculation, a sample size of 399 was obtained and used for this study.  

 

Table 1: Proportional Distribution of copies of questionnaire according to Sample Size 

Road Location No. of Buildings  Sample Size 

Dan Mmaduka Avenue 820 119 

Ifite 314 46 

Isiagu Road 409 60 

ObyOkoli 608 88 

Onyenwochi 593 86 

Total 2742 399 

 

Administration of questionnaire copies to the respondents is considered the most appropriate 

data collection instrument for data collection from residents of the area of the affected 

projects. The total number of questionnaire copies administered were distributed based on the 

number of residential buildings which falls within the 500 meter radius of each then 

abandoned road construction project. Out of the 399 copies of questionnaire distributed to the 

respondents, a total of 386 copies were returned and deemed valid, yielding a return rate of 

96.7%. The questionnaire was structured as follows: Section A - This section collected 

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 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH  

( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

demographic information of respondents, such as age, gender, level of education, occupation 

and duration of residence in the town. Section B - This section contained environmental 

effects of abandoned road construction. Section C - The section contained the socio-

economic impacts of abandoned road construction on residents. Section D - This section 

contained the perceptions of the residents on road construction during abandonment and after 

construction in the study area. Section E - This section contained factors contributing to 

abandonment and non-abandonment of road construction projects.This high response rate 

suggests strong engagement and interest among respondents regarding the topic of abandoned 

road construction projects and their impact on residents of Awka South L. G. A. Such a high 

return rate generally reflects good rapport with respondents, possibly enhanced by the 

relevance of the study to community concerns. Moreover, a high valid response rate 

strengthens the credibility and representativeness of the collected data, as it minimizes 

potential biases and sampling errors that can arise from a low response rate. 

 

A combination of purposive sampling, proportionate stratified sampling and systematic 

sampling techniques were employed. Purposive sampling was used for the selection of towns. 

The five towns were selected based on their direct experience with both abandoned and 

repaired road projects. This purposive selection ensured that the sample population was 

contextually appropriate for the study. Proportionate stratified sampling was used for sample 

allocation per town. This study employed a proportionate stratified sampling technique to 

ensure adequate representation from each of the five selected roads based on the number of 

residential buildings. Systematic random sampling was used to select buildings within each 

town, from which respondents were drawn. The sampling interval (k) was calculated by 

dividing the total number of buildings in the town by the allocated sample size for that town. 

Using Amawbia for example; 

k = 820/119 = 6.9 approximately 7 

A random starting point between 1 and 7 was selected using the lucky dip method, and every 

7th building thereafter was selected. 

 

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 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH  

( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

For this study, the descriptive and inferential method of data analysis were utilized. 

Frequencies, percentages, tables, charts, among others provided a clear summary of the data, 

making it easier to identify patterns and trends. To test the research hypothesis and explore 

significant differences or relationships between variables, inferential statistical techniques, 

such as theAnalysis of Variance (ANOVA), was employed. The ANOVA specifically 

examined whether there were statistically significant differences in the socioeconomic 

impacts of abandoned road construction projects across the selected road locations. To further 

explore the sources of variation, post hoc multiple comparison tests were conducted. 

Specifically, the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, Tamhane’s T2, and Dunnett T3 

procedures were applied to compare mean differences between the road locations. These post 

hoc analyses helped to control for Type I error and to identify where significant differences 

existed among the groups. The hypothesis was tested at a significance level of 0.05 (p < 

0.05). 

 

4.0 Results and Discussion 

This section presents the findings from the data collected through the questionnaire and 

provides an in-depth discussion of the results. The analysis of the extent and impact of 

abandoned road construction projects in Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra 

State was extensively done. 

 

Table 2: Environmental Effects of Abandoned Road Construction Projects  

Environmental Effect Frequency Percentage (%) 

Air pollution 126 32.6% 

Erosion and land degradation 89 23.1% 

Water stagnation leading to mosquito breeding 59 15.3% 

Increased flooding 55 14.2% 

Noise pollution from stalled machinery 35 9.1% 

Others (e.g., loss of vegetation, Disruption of natural drainage 

systems) 

22 5.7% 

Total 386 100% 

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 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH  

( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

 

The analysis of responses to Table 2, which examines the environmental impacts of 

abandoned road construction projects on residents of Awka South L.G.A., reveals significant 

challenges impacting the local environment. The data, as shown on Table 2, highlights 

multiple environmental issues reported by respondents, with air pollution being the most 

frequently cited effect as mentioned by 32.6% of respondents. This finding suggests that 

unpaved surfaces and exposed construction materials on abandoned road sites are major 

contributors to air quality deterioration in the area. Air pollution not only affects visibility 

and cleanliness but also poses health risks, particularly respiratory issues such as asthma and 

bronchitis, for residents living near these sites.  

 

Erosion and land degradation ranked as the second most reported environmental effect, with 

23.1% of respondents identifying it as a significant concern. The incomplete and unattended 

state of roadworks often leaves the soil vulnerable to erosion, especially during rainy seasons, 

which destabilizes land structures and reduces soil fertility. This effect is particularly 

detrimental to agricultural activities, as it may render surrounding farmlands less productive 

and increase the risk of landslides in hilly areas.  

Water stagnation, reported by 15.3% of the respondents, was another pressing issue linked to 

abandoned road construction projects. Incomplete drainage systems and trenches left open 

during construction create stagnant water pools, which serve as breeding grounds for 

mosquitoes. This contributes to the prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria 

and dengue fever, adding a public health dimension to the environmental impact of these 

abandoned projects. 

 

Increased flooding as agreed by 14.2% of the respondents, further underscores the negative 

implications of abandoned road construction. Unfinished drainage systems and disrupted 

natural water flow patterns exacerbate flood risks, particularly during heavy rainfall. This 

flooding not only damages property and infrastructure but also affects access to homes and 

businesses, thereby disrupting daily activities and increasing repair costs for affected 

residents. Noise pollution, although less frequently reported (9.1%), remains a concern for 

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 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH  

( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

some respondents. This issue is associated with machinery left on-site or sporadically 

operated during partial resumption of construction activities. Such noise disturbances can 

disrupt community tranquility, particularly in residential areas close to abandoned sites. Other 

effects, mentioned by 5.7% of respondents, include loss of vegetation and disruption of 

natural drainage systems. Vegetation loss can lead to reduced biodiversity and the destruction 

of local ecosystems, while altered drainage patterns exacerbate water management issues, 

contributing further to flooding and erosion problems. 

 

The socioeconomic effects of abandoned road construction projects on the residents of Awka 

South L.G.A 

Table 3: Socioeconomic Impacts of Abandoned Road Construction Projects on 

Residents 

Socioeconomic Effect Frequency Percentage (%) 

Increased transport costs 133 34.5% 

Loss of business income 89 23.1% 

Reduced access to markets 52 13.5% 

Delay in access to healthcare services 48 12.4% 

Decreased school attendance 37 9.6% 

Others (e.g., reduced property values) 27 7.0% 

Total 386 100% 

The analysis of responses on Table 3, which investigates the socioeconomic effects of 

abandoned road construction projects on the residents of Awka South L.G.A, highlights 

several significant challenges faced by the communities. The most frequently reported 

socioeconomic effect was increased transport costs, identified by 34.5% of the respondents. 

This finding suggested that the poor state of abandoned roads lead to higher transportation 

expenses due to longer travel times, detours, and increased vehicle maintenance costs. For 

residents and businesses reliant on efficient transportation, these additional expenses strain 

household budgets and operational finances. 

 

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 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH  

( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

Loss of business income, reported by 23.1% of the respondents, was another critical 

socioeconomic effect. The disruption of road networks affects customer accessibility and 

supply chains, reducing the profitability of local businesses. Traders and small-scale 

enterprises, which depend heavily on steady market flow, are particularly vulnerable to these 

disruptions. Over time, this loss of income undermines economic stability and growth within 

the affected communities.Reduced access to markets, as opined by 13.5% of respondents, 

further emphasizes the economic implications of abandoned road construction projects. Poor 

road conditions hinder the movement of goods and services, making it difficult for farmers 

and traders to reach markets to sell their products. This limitation results in unsold goods, 

especially perishable items, and diminishes income potential for individuals who rely on 

market access for their livelihoods. 

 

Delays in accessing healthcare services, identified by 12.4% of the respondents, reflect the 

critical impact of abandoned road projects on public health. Poor road conditions can prevent 

timely transportation of patients to healthcare facilities, potentially exacerbating medical 

emergencies. Pregnant women, children, and individuals with chronic illnesses are 

particularly affected, as their health outcomes depend on swift and reliable access to medical 

care.Decreased school attendance as mentioned by 9.6% of the respondents, highlighted the 

indirect impact on education. Abandoned road projects create physical barriers that 

discourage or prevent students from reaching schools, especially during adverse weather 

conditions. This disruption contributes to irregular attendance, learning delays, and increased 

dropout rates, which, in the long term, affect the educational development and opportunities 

available to children in the area. 

 

Other socioeconomic effects such as reduced property values, were reported by 7.0% of the 

respondents. Abandoned road construction projects decrease the attractiveness and usability 

of residential and commercial properties in affected areas, leading to a decline in their market 

value. This decline discourages investments and reduces the wealth of property owners, 

further compounding economic challenges.The socioeconomic effects of abandoned road 

construction projects in Awka South L.G.A. were far-reaching, affecting transportation, 

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 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH  

( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

business operations, market access, healthcare delivery, education, and property values. 

These challenges not only disrupt daily life for residents but also hinder the overall economic 

and social development of the affected communities. Addressing these issues require 

prioritizing the completion of road projects and implementing policies that mitigate the 

socioeconomic disruptions caused by construction delays. 

 

Test of Hypothesis 

Research Hypothesis: The abandonment of road construction projects have no significant 

effect on the socioeconomic activities of the residents across the selected locations inAwka 

South L. G. A. 

Table 4: Tests of Between-Subjects Effects on the Socioeconomic Impacts of Abandoned 

Road Construction Projects 

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 

Corrected 

Model 
925.803a 4 231.451 1186.176 .000 

Intercept 2452.559 1 2452.559 12569.261 .000 

Road_Location 925.803 4 231.451 1186.176 .000 

Error 74.342 381 .195   

Total 3622.000 386    

Corrected Total 1000.145 385    

a. R Squared = .926 (Adjusted R Squared = .925) 

 

The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results in Table 4 tested the research hypothesis that 

abandonment of road construction projects has no significant effect on residents of Awka 

South L. G. A. The corrected model produced a Type III Sum of Squares of (925.803), with a 

mean square value of (231.451), yielding an F-statistic of (1186.176) and a significance level 

of (p = .000). This indicates that the model is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The 

intercept accounted for a large variation, with a Type III Sum of Squares of (2452.559), F-

statistic of (12569.261), and significance of (p = .000). Road location as a factor contributed 

significantly to the variation, recording a mean square of (231.451), F-value of (1186.176), 

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( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

and significance of (p = .000).  The error term was relatively small, with a sum of squares of 

(74.342) and mean square of (0.195), compared to the corrected total of (1000.145). The R-

squared value of (.926) and adjusted R-squared of (.925) show that about 92.6% of the 

variance in residents’ socioeconomic activities is explained by the abandonment of road 

projects across different locations. Hence, the test of hypothesis shows that the effect of 

abandoned road construction projects on residents’ socioeconomic activities is statistically 

significant. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected, and it is inferred that abandonment of 

road projects significantly affect the socioeconomic activities of the residents in the study 

area. 

 

The multiple comparison tests (LSD, Tamhane, and Dunnett T3) were conducted (Appendix 

Two) to determine how the socioeconomic impacts of abandoned road construction projects 

differed across road locations in Awka South L.G.A. The results consistently showed 

significant mean differences (p = .000) between all pairs of locations, with the error term 

being very low (0.195), indicating reliability of the estimates. Comparisons using LSD 

revealed that residents along Dan Mmaduka Avenue reported significantly lower negative 

impacts compared with other locations. The mean differences were (−0.70) with Ifite, (−1.05) 

with Isiagu Road, (−2.39) with ObyOkoli, and (−4.12) with Onyenwochi. This suggests that 

Onyenwochi experienced the highest negative impacts, while Dan Mmaduka Avenue had the 

least. Similarly, Ifite differed from Isiagu Road (−0.35), ObyOkoli (−1.69), and Onyenwochi 

(−3.43). These differences consistently demonstrated a gradient of impact severity. 

 

When Isiagu Road was compared to other locations, the mean differences were significant: 

(1.05) against Dan Mmaduka Avenue, (0.35) against Ifite, (−1.34) against ObyOkoli, and 

(−3.07) against Onyenwochi. This again highlighted Onyenwochi as the most adversely 

affected. Comparisons involving ObyOkoli revealed significant differences of (2.39) with 

Dan Mmaduka Avenue, (1.69) with Ifite, (1.34) with Isiagu Road, and (−1.74) with 

Onyenwochi. Onyenwochi showed the widest disparities. The mean differences were (4.12) 

with Dan Mmaduka Avenue, (3.43) with Ifite, (3.07) with Isiagu Road, and (1.74) with 

ObyOkoli. These consistently large positive values emphasize that residents of Onyenwochi 

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( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

bore the heaviest socioeconomic impacts of abandoned road projects. The Tamhane and 

Dunnett T3 post hoc tests confirmed the LSD findings, with nearly identical mean differences 

across all pairwise comparisons, though accompanied by slightly varied standard errors. 

Importantly, all mean differences across locations were significant at the 0.05 level (p = 

.000), strengthening the conclusion that the impacts varied systematically by road location. 

 

 

Figure 3: Estimated Marginal Means of Socioeconomic Impacts of Abandoned Road 

Construction Projects on the Residents across Road Locations in Awka South L. G. A. 

 

The Figure 3 presents the estimated marginal means of socioeconomic impacts of abandoned 

road construction projects across five road locations in Awka South L.G.A. The plot shows a 

steady upward trend, indicating increasing levels of negative impacts from Dan Mmaduka 

Avenue to Onyenwochi. At Dan Mmaduka Avenue, the mean impact is lowest at 

approximately (1.0), suggesting that residents in this location experienced minimal disruption 

in terms of socioeconomic wellbeing. Moving to Ifite, the estimated mean increases to about 

(1.7), reflecting higher adverse effects compared to Dan Mmaduka Avenue. Similarly, Isiagu 

Road shows a mean of around (2.1), indicating a moderate rise in residents’ challenges 

caused by project abandonment.  

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( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

 

The impacts become more pronounced at ObyOkoli, with the mean reaching approximately 

(3.3). This value indicates that residents of this location experienced relatively severe 

socioeconomic consequences. The situation peaks at Onyenwochi, where the estimated mean 

is highest at about (5.2). This sharp rise illustrates that residents in Onyenwochi bore the 

heaviest burden of abandoned road construction projects, facing considerable disruptions in 

mobility, access to services, and overall quality of life. The progressive increase across 

locations demonstrates a clear gradient of impact severity. The gap between Dan Mmaduka 

Avenue (1.0) and Onyenwochi (5.2) represents the widest disparity, highlighting location as a 

critical determinant of socioeconomic effects. This pattern aligns with the ANOVA results, 

which revealed significant differences among road locations. 

 

Discussion of findings 

The data from Table 2 showed that air pollution is the most reported environmental impact of 

abandoned road construction in Awka South (126 respondents; 32.6%). In contrast, noise 

pollution from stalled machinery is much less frequent (35 respondents; 9.1%). This finding 

agrees with recent evidence from Lagos, where residents living near abandoned road projects 

reported respiratory illnesses caused by dust and particulate matter (Adeniran, Odediran, 

Ogunlade, Adeagbo, Akanbi, and Adesina, 2025). Erosion and land degradation were also 

common (89 respondents; 23.1%). In a related study in Ibadan, erosion in peri-urban zones 

was found to worsen land degradation, affect soil fertility, and increase flooding risks 

(Adewoyin, Falegan, Abimbola, Ajijola, Adediran, and Adedire, 2024).  

 

Water stagnation and mosquito breeding accounted for 15.3 percent of responses. In a related 

study, stagnant water in Lagos due to poorly maintained or abandoned drainages contributed 

significantly to malaria and diarrheal infections (Aminu and Udeze, 2023). Similarly, in 

Gombe State, abandoned water projects forced residents to depend on unsafe water sources, 

further contributing to stagnation and disease risks (ICIR, 2022). These studies confirm that 

abandonment directly creates public health hazards, aligning with findings in Awka South. 

 

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( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

Increased flooding (55 respondents; 14.2%) is strongly linked to erosion and blocked 

drainage systems. This finding agrees with the Anambra report that described how 

incomplete flood control works left residents vulnerable to flooding that damaged homes and 

infrastructure (Efobi and Anierobi, 2013). While flooding was not the most frequent response 

in Awka South, its destructive potential cannot be underestimated. Other effects such as 

vegetation loss and disruption of natural drainage (22 respondents; 5.7%) appear less frequent 

but remain significant. Vegetation loss has been linked to worsening erosion, while disrupted 

drainage contributes to flooding and mosquito breeding, reinforcing the interdependence of 

these environmental problems (Nwokeabia, Odoh, Ezealaji and Odinye, 2025). The findings 

in Awka South are consistent with patterns reported in other Nigerian communities. While air 

pollution is most prominent locally, the broader literature shows that erosion, flooding, and 

health risks from water stagnation are equally critical. 

 

The most frequent socioeconomic effect shown in Table 3 is increased transport costs 

(34.5%). This finding aligns with reports across Nigeria in recent years. In a related study, 

transport fares were noted to have risen substantially due to poor road infrastructure, as 

operators pass extra fuel, maintenance and delay costs onto commuters (Wheat, Stead, Huang 

and Smith, 2019; Onwuamaeze, 2025). In contrast, although loss of business income (23.1%) 

is the second highest effect for Awka South, some studies show business income being even 

more severely impacted when road access is cut off entirely. For example, the IcIR (2023) 

report on an abandoned road in AkwaIbom showed markets shutting down and traders unable 

to recover losses because of transport disruptions and customers staying away. Additionally, 

Eduok, (2024) found connection between abandoned buildings and crime in Uyo, AkwaIbom 

state. 

 

Reduced access to markets (13.5%) is also reported in Awka South. This agrees with findings 

from rural areas where farmers lose market access because perishable goods spoil in transit 

and transport delays escalate (Olowosoke, 2022). Delay in access to healthcare (12.4%) is 

less frequent but still important. In contrast, a qualitative study in Li, Pandian, Davidson, 

Song, Chen, and Fong, (2025) on non-communicable disease patients showed that poor road 

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( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

condition and lack of reliable transport significantly delayed clinic visits, worsening health 

outcomes. The effect of decreased school attendance (9.6%) is lower in your table than some 

findings elsewhere. For instance, in Ekiti State, studies found that bad roads make students 

skip school or arrive very late, particularly during rainy season when roads are impassable 

(Samuel, Oluwole, Israel, Timothy and Oladimeji, 2025). This suggests that although school 

attendance is affected, other socioeconomic impacts (transport, loss of business) may be more 

immediately felt by households in Awka South. 

 

Others (reduced property values, etc., 7.0%) appear less frequent in your sample but are 

echoed in literature. In findings from national surveys, poor road infrastructure reduces 

property values in areas close to neglected or abandoned roads because accessibility declines 

and visible neglect reduces investor confidence. The pattern in Awka South is consistent with 

recent literature: increased transport costs and business income loss tend to be among the 

most severe socioeconomic consequences when roads are abandoned (Ryan, 2020). In a 

related study of road conditions crippling business and inflating food costs, poor roads were 

shown to drive up the cost of getting goods to market, thus reducing profit margins and 

sometimes forcing businesses to close or relocate. The cumulative effect of these 

socioeconomic burdens emphasizes that road abandonment does not only harm infrastructure, 

but strongly undermines livelihood, health, education and local economic resilience among 

affected residents (Kahangirwe, and Vanclay, 2024). 

 

The results of the ANOVA and post hoc tests provide strong empirical evidence that the 

abandonment of road construction projects significantly affects the quality of life of residents 

in Awka South Local Government Area. The rejection of the null hypothesis is supported by 

the high F-statistic (F = 1186.176, p = .000) and the substantial explanatory power of the 

model (R² = .926), indicating that over 92% of the variation in residents’ socioeconomic 

conditions can be attributed to abandoned projects. This finding agreed with Venter et al., 

(2019), who reported that incomplete infrastructure projects significantly constrain mobility, 

access to services, and economic activity in urban settings.  

 

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( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

In a related study, the World Bank (2022) found that poorly executed road projects in 

developing countries led to a decline in household income and property values, corroborating 

the present study’s conclusion that project abandonment has profound socioeconomic 

implications. In contrast, Nadal-Romero et al., (2021) observed minimal impact in cities 

where alternative routes and transport infrastructure mitigated the effects of abandoned 

projects, highlighting the moderating role of infrastructural substitutes. The multiple 

comparison tests further demonstrate spatial disparities in the impacts across locations. For 

instance, mean differences between Dan Mmaduka Avenue and Onyenwochi (−4.12) and 

between Ifite and Onyenwochi (−3.43) reveal that residents in Onyenwochi experienced the 

most severe consequences. This finding agreed with Okereke (2017), who noted that 

communities located at the endpoints of abandoned projects suffer disproportionately due to 

isolation and reduced economic opportunities. 

 

Moreover, the observed upward gradient in Figure 4, from Dan Mmaduka Avenue (1.0) to 

Onyenwochi (5.2) illustrates that the degree of negative impact increases with project 

incompleteness and poor accessibility. This aligns with the African Development Bank 

(2023), which reported that communities farthest from functional roads experience higher 

transport costs and reduced access to social services. Similarly, Kahangirwe and Vanclay 

(2024) emphasized that abandoned road projects exacerbate poverty and social exclusion. 

 

5.0 Conclusion  

The findings of this study demonstrated that abandoned road construction projects in Awka 

South L. G. A of Anambra State have profound negative impacts on both the environment 

and the socioeconomic well-being of residents. The effects range from environmental 

degradation to air pollution, erosion, and flooding to socioeconomic disruptions including 

inflated transport costs, loss of business income, reduced healthcare access, and educational 

setbacks. Importantly, the paired analysis confirmed that residents’ quality of life 

significantly improves after project completion, underscoring the indispensable role of road 

infrastructure in sustainable community development. The persistence of abandonment is 

largely driven by systemic issues such as inadequate funding, policy inconsistency, and 

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( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

“EFFECTS OF ABANDONED ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON THE RESIDENTS OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

corruption, pointing to structural governance and financial challenges within the construction 

sector. 

 

6.0 Recommendations  

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are proposed to address 

the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of abandoned road construction projects and to 

prevent such occurrences in the future: 

i. Adequate and sustained funding should be ensured through transparent budgeting 

and timely disbursement of allocated funds. Project financing should be monitored 

using independent audit mechanisms to prevent diversion of resources. 

ii. Active involvement of host communities in planning, land acquisition, and 

monitoring can reduce resistance and foster ownership. Continuous dialogue with 

stakeholders ensures smoother execution and reduces the risk of abandonment. 

iii. Given the centrality of roads to healthcare, education, and economic growth, 

government should prioritize completion of road projects in high-impact areas 

such as markets, schools, and hospitals. 

 

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( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

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GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

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( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

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( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

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GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

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( ISSN 2811-2466 )                                                                                             OKEKE MARYVIVIAN CHINASA *  

https://ijojournals.com/                                                        Volume 08 || Issue 10 || October, 2025 || 

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GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA" 

 
 

 

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IJO JOURNALS

Volume 08 | Issue 10 | October 2025 |     https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index 24


