id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ijosar-1079	1	1	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	1	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	1	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	1	4	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	1	5	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	1	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	1	7	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	1	8	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	1	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	1	10	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	1	11	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	1	12	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	1	13	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	1	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	1	15	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	1	16	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	2	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	2	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	3	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	3	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	4	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	4	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	4	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	5	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	5	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	5	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	5	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	5	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	5	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	5	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	5	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	5	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	5	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	5	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	33	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	5	34	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	35	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	5	36	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	37	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	5	38	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	5	39	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	5	40	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	5	41	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	42	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	43	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	44	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	5	45	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	46	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	5	47	national	national	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	48	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	49	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	50	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	51	essoh	essoh	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	52	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1079	5	53	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	54	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	55	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	56	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	57	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	58	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	59	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	60	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	61	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	5	62	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	63	¹department	¹department	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	64	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	5	65	sociology	sociology	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	66	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	5	67	anthropology	anthropology	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	68	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	69	university	university	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	70	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	5	71	uyo	uyo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	72	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	73	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	5	74	²department	²department	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	75	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	5	76	sociology	sociology	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	77	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	5	78	anthropology	anthropology	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	79	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	80	akwa	akwa	ADJ
ijosar-1079	5	81	ibom	ibom	ADJ
ijosar-1079	5	82	state	state	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	83	university	university	NOUN
ijosar-1079	5	84	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	5	85	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	6	1	³department	³department	NUM
ijosar-1079	6	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	6	3	sociology	sociology	NOUN
ijosar-1079	6	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	6	5	anthropology	anthropology	NOUN
ijosar-1079	6	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	6	7	akwa	akwa	ADJ
ijosar-1079	6	8	ibom	ibom	ADJ
ijosar-1079	6	9	state	state	NOUN
ijosar-1079	6	10	university	university	PROPN
ijosar-1079	6	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	6	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	6	13	abstract	abstract	NOUN
ijosar-1079	6	14	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	6	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	6	16	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	6	17	faced	face	VERB
ijosar-1079	6	18	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	6	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	6	20	problem	problem	NOUN
ijosar-1079	6	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	6	22	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	6	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	7	1	successive	successive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	7	2	governments	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	7	3	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	7	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	7	5	country	country	NOUN
ijosar-1079	7	6	had	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	7	7	established	establish	VERB
ijosar-1079	7	8	several	several	ADJ
ijosar-1079	7	9	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	7	10	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	7	11	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	7	12	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	7	13	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	7	14	investigate	investigate	VERB
ijosar-1079	7	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	7	16	prosecute	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	7	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	7	18	prevent	prevent	VERB
ijosar-1079	7	19	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	7	20	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	7	21	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1079	7	22	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	7	23	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	7	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	7	25	private	private	ADJ
ijosar-1079	7	26	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	7	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	8	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	8	2	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	8	3	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	8	4	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	8	5	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	8	6	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	8	7	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	8	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	8	9	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	8	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	8	11	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	8	12	crimes	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	8	13	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1079	8	14	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	8	15	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	8	16	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	8	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	8	18	independent	independent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	8	19	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	8	20	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	8	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	8	22	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	8	23	related	related	ADJ
ijosar-1079	8	24	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	8	25	commission	commission	NOUN
ijosar-1079	8	26	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	8	27	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	8	28	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	8	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	8	30	code	code	NOUN
ijosar-1079	8	31	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	8	32	conduct	conduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	8	33	tribunal	tribunal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	8	34	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	8	35	cct	cct	PROPN
ijosar-1079	8	36	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	8	37	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	8	38	code	code	NOUN
ijosar-1079	8	39	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	8	40	conduct	conduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	8	41	bureau	bureau	NOUN
ijosar-1079	8	42	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	8	43	ccb	ccb	PROPN
ijosar-1079	8	44	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	8	45	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	8	46	others	other	NOUN
ijosar-1079	8	47	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	9	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	9	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ijosar-1079	9	3	assessed	assess	VERB
ijosar-1079	9	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	9	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	9	6	confronting	confront	VERB
ijosar-1079	9	7	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	9	8	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	9	9	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	9	10	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	9	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	9	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	9	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	9	14	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	9	15	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	9	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	9	17	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	9	18	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	9	19	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	9	20	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	9	21	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	9	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	10	1	using	use	VERB
ijosar-1079	10	2	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ijosar-1079	10	3	sources	source	NOUN
ijosar-1079	10	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	10	5	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	10	6	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	10	7	internet	internet	NOUN
ijosar-1079	10	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	10	9	academic	academic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	10	10	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	10	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	10	12	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ijosar-1079	10	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	10	14	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	10	15	statutes	statute	NOUN
ijosar-1079	10	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	10	17	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	10	18	publications	publication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	10	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	10	20	periodicals	periodical	NOUN
ijosar-1079	10	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	10	22	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	10	23	documents	document	NOUN
ijosar-1079	10	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	10	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	10	26	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	10	27	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	10	28	analysed	analyse	VERB
ijosar-1079	10	29	using	use	VERB
ijosar-1079	10	30	thematic	thematic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	10	31	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	10	32	content	content	NOUN
ijosar-1079	10	33	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ijosar-1079	10	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	11	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	11	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	11	3	indicated	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1079	11	4	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	11	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	11	6	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	11	7	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	11	8	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	11	9	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	11	10	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	11	11	face	face	VERB
ijosar-1079	11	12	deep	deep	ADJ
ijosar-1079	11	13	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	11	14	rooted	root	VERB
ijosar-1079	11	15	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	11	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	11	17	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	11	18	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	11	19	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	11	20	severely	severely	ADV
ijosar-1079	11	21	limit	limit	VERB
ijosar-1079	11	22	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	11	23	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	11	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	11	25	especially	especially	ADV
ijosar-1079	11	26	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	11	27	handling	handle	VERB
ijosar-1079	11	28	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1079	11	29	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	11	30	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1079	11	31	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	11	32	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	11	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	12	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	12	2	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	12	3	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	12	4	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1079	12	5	encourage	encourage	VERB
ijosar-1079	12	6	impunity	impunity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	12	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	12	8	diminish	diminish	VERB
ijosar-1079	12	9	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	12	10	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	12	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	12	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	12	13	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	12	14	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	12	15	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	12	16	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1079	12	17	lead	lead	VERB
ijosar-1079	12	18	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	12	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	12	20	mismanagement	mismanagement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	12	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	12	22	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	12	23	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1079	12	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	12	25	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1079	12	26	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	12	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	12	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	12	29	service	service	NOUN
ijosar-1079	12	30	delivery	delivery	NOUN
ijosar-1079	12	31	failures	failure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	12	32	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	13	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ijosar-1079	13	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	13	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	13	4	becomes	become	VERB
ijosar-1079	13	5	entrenched	entrench	VERB
ijosar-1079	13	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	13	7	exacerbating	exacerbate	VERB
ijosar-1079	13	8	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ijosar-1079	13	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	13	10	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	13	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	13	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	13	13	underdevelopment	underdevelopment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	13	14	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1079	13	15	key	key	ADJ
ijosar-1079	13	16	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	13	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	13	18	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	13	19	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1079	13	20	undermining	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	13	21	investor	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	13	22	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	13	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	13	24	weakening	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	13	25	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	13	26	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	13	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	13	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	13	29	endangering	endanger	VERB
ijosar-1079	13	30	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	13	31	country	country	NOUN
ijosar-1079	13	32	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	13	33	socio	socio	NOUN
ijosar-1079	13	34	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	13	35	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	13	36	stability	stability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	13	37	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	13	38	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	13	39	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	14	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	14	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ijosar-1079	14	3	recommended	recommend	VERB
ijosar-1079	14	4	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	14	5	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	14	6	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	14	7	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
ijosar-1079	14	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	14	9	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	14	10	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	14	11	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	14	12	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	14	13	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	14	14	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	14	15	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ijosar-1079	14	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	14	17	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	14	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	14	19	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	14	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	14	21	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	14	22	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1079	14	23	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	14	24	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	14	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	14	26	icpc	icpc	VERB
ijosar-1079	14	27	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1079	14	28	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	14	29	protections	protection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	14	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	14	31	adequate	adequate	ADJ
ijosar-1079	14	32	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	14	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	14	34	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	14	35	modern	modern	ADJ
ijosar-1079	14	36	investigative	investigative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	14	37	tools	tool	NOUN
ijosar-1079	14	38	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	15	1	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	15	2	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1079	15	3	calls	call	VERB
ijosar-1079	15	4	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	15	5	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	15	6	overhaul	overhaul	NOUN
ijosar-1079	15	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	15	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	15	9	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	15	10	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	15	11	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	15	12	expedite	expedite	VERB
ijosar-1079	15	13	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	15	14	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	15	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	15	16	including	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	15	17	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	15	18	creation	creation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	15	19	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	15	20	special	special	ADJ
ijosar-1079	15	21	courts	court	NOUN
ijosar-1079	15	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	15	23	strict	strict	ADJ
ijosar-1079	15	24	case	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	15	25	timelines	timeline	NOUN
ijosar-1079	15	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	15	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	15	28	improved	improve	VERB
ijosar-1079	15	29	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	15	30	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	15	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	15	32	all	all	PRON
ijosar-1079	15	33	aimed	aim	VERB
ijosar-1079	15	34	at	at	ADP
ijosar-1079	15	35	restoring	restore	VERB
ijosar-1079	15	36	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	15	37	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	15	38	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	15	39	reinforcing	reinforce	VERB
ijosar-1079	15	40	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	15	41	rule	rule	NOUN
ijosar-1079	15	42	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	15	43	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	15	44	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	16	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
ijosar-1079	16	2	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	16	3	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	16	4	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	16	5	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	16	6	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	16	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	16	8	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	16	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	16	10	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	16	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	16	12	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	16	13	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	16	14	i.introduction	i.introduction	NOUN
ijosar-1079	16	15	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	16	16	continues	continue	VERB
ijosar-1079	16	17	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	16	18	pose	pose	VERB
ijosar-1079	16	19	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	16	20	serious	serious	ADJ
ijosar-1079	16	21	threat	threat	NOUN
ijosar-1079	16	22	globally	globally	ADV
ijosar-1079	16	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	16	24	igwe	igwe	PROPN
ijosar-1079	16	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	16	26	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	16	27	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	16	28	babasola	babasola	NOUN
ijosar-1079	16	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	16	30	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1079	16	31	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	16	32	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	17	2	first	first	ADJ
ijosar-1079	17	3	pension	pension	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	4	custodian	custodian	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	6	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	17	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	8	conceptualised	conceptualise	VERB
ijosar-1079	17	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	10	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	17	11	any	any	DET
ijosar-1079	17	12	form	form	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	13	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	17	14	abuse	abuse	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	15	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	17	16	entrusted	entrust	VERB
ijosar-1079	17	17	power	power	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	18	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	17	19	personal	personal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	17	20	gain	gain	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	17	22	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	17	23	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	17	24	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	17	25	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	17	26	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	17	27	limited	limit	VERB
ijosar-1079	17	28	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	17	29	bribery.in	bribery.in	PROPN
ijosar-1079	17	30	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1079	17	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	32	especially	especially	ADV
ijosar-1079	17	33	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	17	34	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	17	35	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	36	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	37	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	17	38	deeply	deeply	ADV
ijosar-1079	17	39	infiltrated	infiltrate	VERB
ijosar-1079	17	40	nearly	nearly	ADV
ijosar-1079	17	41	every	every	PRON
ijosar-1079	17	42	aspect	aspect	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	43	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	17	44	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	17	45	life	life	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	46	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	47	nnorom	nnorom	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	48	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	49	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1079	17	50	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	51	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	52	weakening	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	17	53	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	17	54	performance	performance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	55	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	56	eroding	erode	VERB
ijosar-1079	17	57	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	17	58	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	59	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	60	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	17	61	hindering	hinder	VERB
ijosar-1079	17	62	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	17	63	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	64	igwe	igwe	PROPN
ijosar-1079	17	65	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	66	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	17	67	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	68	adamaagashiet	adamaagashiet	PROPN
ijosar-1079	17	69	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1079	17	70	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	17	71	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	72	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	17	73	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	17	74	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	1	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	18	2	stands	stand	VERB
ijosar-1079	18	3	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	18	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	18	5	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	18	6	most	most	ADV
ijosar-1079	18	7	pressing	press	VERB
ijosar-1079	18	8	obstacle	obstacle	NOUN
ijosar-1079	18	9	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	18	10	sustainable	sustainable	VERB
ijosar-1079	18	11	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	18	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	13	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	18	14	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	18	15	brown	brown	PROPN
ijosar-1079	18	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	17	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	18	18	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	19	ikpeze	ikpeze	NOUN
ijosar-1079	18	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	21	2013).although	2013).although	NUM
ijosar-1079	18	22	various	various	ADJ
ijosar-1079	18	23	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	18	24	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	18	25	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	18	26	bodies	body	NOUN
ijosar-1079	18	27	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1079	18	28	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	18	29	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	18	30	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	18	31	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	18	32	crimes	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	18	33	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1079	18	34	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	35	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	18	36	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	37	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	38	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	18	39	independent	independent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	18	40	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	18	41	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	18	42	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	18	43	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	18	44	related	related	ADJ
ijosar-1079	18	45	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	18	46	commission	commission	NOUN
ijosar-1079	18	47	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	48	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	18	49	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	50	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	51	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	18	52	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	18	53	code	code	NOUN
ijosar-1079	18	54	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	18	55	conduct	conduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	18	56	bureau	bureau	NOUN
ijosar-1079	18	57	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	58	ccb	ccb	PROPN
ijosar-1079	18	59	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	60	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	18	61	been	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	18	62	established	establish	VERB
ijosar-1079	18	63	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	64	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	18	65	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	18	66	widespread	widespread	ADJ
ijosar-1079	18	67	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	18	68	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	18	69	goes	goes	AUX
ijosar-1079	18	70	unaddressed	unaddresse	VERB
ijosar-1079	18	71	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	72	azeez	azeez	PROPN
ijosar-1079	18	73	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	18	74	ajibowu	ajibowu	PROPN
ijosar-1079	18	75	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	76	yekini	yekini	NOUN
ijosar-1079	18	77	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	78	2018	2018	NUM
ijosar-1079	18	79	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	18	80	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	19	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	19	2	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	19	3	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	19	4	designed	design	VERB
ijosar-1079	19	5	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	19	6	investigate	investigate	VERB
ijosar-1079	19	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	19	8	prosecute	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	19	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	19	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	19	11	prevent	prevent	VERB
ijosar-1079	19	12	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	19	13	activities	activity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	19	14	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	19	15	jamiu	jamiu	PROPN
ijosar-1079	19	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	19	17	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1079	19	18	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	19	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	19	20	yet	yet	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	19	21	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	19	22	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	19	23	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	19	24	been	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	19	25	compromised	compromise	VERB
ijosar-1079	19	26	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	19	27	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	19	28	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	19	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	19	30	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	19	31	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	19	32	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	19	33	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	19	34	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	19	35	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	19	36	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	19	37	ikpeze	ikpeze	NOUN
ijosar-1079	19	38	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	19	39	2013	2013	NUM
ijosar-1079	19	40	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	19	41	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	20	1	reflecting	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1079	20	2	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	20	3	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ijosar-1079	20	4	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	20	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	20	6	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	20	7	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	20	8	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	20	9	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	20	10	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	21	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	21	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	21	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	22	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	22	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	22	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	22	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	22	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	22	6	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1079	22	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	22	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	22	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	22	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	22	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	22	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	22	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	22	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	22	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	22	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	22	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	22	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	22	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	22	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	22	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	22	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	23	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	24	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	25	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	25	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	26	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	26	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	26	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	26	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	27	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	27	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	27	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	27	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	27	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	27	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	27	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	27	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	27	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	27	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	27	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	27	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	27	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	27	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	27	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	27	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	27	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	27	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	27	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	27	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	27	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	27	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	27	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	27	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	27	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	27	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	27	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	27	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	27	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	27	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	27	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	27	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	27	33	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	27	34	ranked	rank	VERB
ijosar-1079	27	35	140th	140th	ADJ
ijosar-1079	27	36	out	out	ADP
ijosar-1079	27	37	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	27	38	180	180	NUM
ijosar-1079	27	39	countries	country	NOUN
ijosar-1079	27	40	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	27	41	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	27	42	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1079	27	43	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	27	44	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ijosar-1079	27	45	index	index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	27	46	published	publish	VERB
ijosar-1079	27	47	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	27	48	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	27	49	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1079	27	50	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	27	51	igwe	igwe	PROPN
ijosar-1079	27	52	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	27	53	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	27	54	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	27	55	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	28	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	28	2	persistence	persistence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	28	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	28	4	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1079	28	5	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	28	6	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1079	28	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	28	8	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	28	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	28	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	28	11	apparent	apparent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	28	12	inability	inability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	28	13	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	28	14	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	28	15	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	28	16	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	28	17	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	28	18	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	28	19	secure	secure	VERB
ijosar-1079	28	20	timely	timely	ADJ
ijosar-1079	28	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	28	22	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	28	23	prosecutions	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	28	24	raise	raise	VERB
ijosar-1079	28	25	serious	serious	ADJ
ijosar-1079	28	26	concerns	concern	NOUN
ijosar-1079	28	27	about	about	ADP
ijosar-1079	28	28	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	28	29	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	28	30	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	28	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	28	32	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	28	33	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	28	34	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	28	35	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	28	36	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	28	37	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	28	38	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	28	39	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	28	40	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	28	41	adamaagashi	adamaagashi	PROPN
ijosar-1079	28	42	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1079	28	43	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1079	28	44	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	28	45	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	28	46	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	28	47	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	28	48	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	29	1	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	29	2	fight	fight	VERB
ijosar-1079	29	3	against	against	ADP
ijosar-1079	29	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	29	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	29	6	successive	successive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	29	7	governments	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	29	8	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	29	9	established	establish	VERB
ijosar-1079	29	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	29	11	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	29	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	29	13	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	29	14	crimes	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	29	15	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1079	29	16	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	29	17	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	29	18	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	29	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	29	20	independent	independent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	29	21	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	29	22	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	29	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	29	24	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	29	25	related	related	ADJ
ijosar-1079	29	26	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	29	27	commission	commission	NOUN
ijosar-1079	29	28	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	29	29	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	29	30	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	29	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	30	1	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	30	2	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	30	3	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	30	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	30	5	code	code	NOUN
ijosar-1079	30	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	30	7	conduct	conduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	30	8	bureau	bureau	NOUN
ijosar-1079	30	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	30	10	ccb	ccb	PROPN
ijosar-1079	30	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	30	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	30	13	bureau	bureau	NOUN
ijosar-1079	30	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	30	15	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	30	16	procurement	procurement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	30	17	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	30	18	bpp	bpp	NOUN
ijosar-1079	30	19	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	30	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	30	21	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1079	30	22	extractive	extractive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	30	23	industries	industry	NOUN
ijosar-1079	30	24	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	30	25	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1079	30	26	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	30	27	neiti	neiti	ADV
ijosar-1079	30	28	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	30	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	30	30	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	30	31	complaints	complaint	NOUN
ijosar-1079	30	32	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1079	30	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	31	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	31	2	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	31	3	play	play	VERB
ijosar-1079	31	4	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	31	5	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	31	6	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1079	31	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	31	8	preventing	prevent	VERB
ijosar-1079	31	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	31	10	investigating	investigate	VERB
ijosar-1079	31	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	31	12	prosecuting	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	31	13	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	31	14	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	31	15	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	31	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	31	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	32	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	32	2	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	32	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	32	4	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	32	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	32	6	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	32	7	particular	particular	ADJ
ijosar-1079	32	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	32	9	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	32	10	been	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	32	11	established	establish	VERB
ijosar-1079	32	12	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	32	13	address	address	VERB
ijosar-1079	32	14	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	32	15	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1079	32	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	32	17	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	32	18	sector	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	32	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	32	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	32	21	private	private	ADJ
ijosar-1079	32	22	sector	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	32	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	32	24	respectively	respectively	ADV
ijosar-1079	32	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	33	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	33	2	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	33	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	33	4	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	33	5	instance	instance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	33	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	33	7	has	have	VERB
ijosar-1079	33	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	33	9	power	power	NOUN
ijosar-1079	33	10	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	33	11	seize	seize	VERB
ijosar-1079	33	12	assets	asset	NOUN
ijosar-1079	33	13	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	33	14	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	33	15	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1079	33	16	accused	accuse	VERB
ijosar-1079	33	17	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	33	18	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	33	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	33	20	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	33	21	demand	demand	VERB
ijosar-1079	33	22	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	33	23	information	information	NOUN
ijosar-1079	33	24	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	33	25	asangausung	asangausung	ADJ
ijosar-1079	33	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	33	27	brown	brown	ADJ
ijosar-1079	33	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	33	29	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	33	30	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	33	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	34	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	34	2	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	34	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	34	4	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	34	5	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	34	6	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	34	7	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	34	8	testament	testament	NOUN
ijosar-1079	34	9	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	34	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	34	11	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	34	12	commitment	commitment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	34	13	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	34	14	combating	combat	VERB
ijosar-1079	34	15	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	34	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	34	17	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	34	18	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	34	19	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	34	20	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	34	21	long	long	ADV
ijosar-1079	34	22	been	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	34	23	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	34	24	concern	concern	NOUN
ijosar-1079	34	25	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	34	26	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	34	27	country	country	NOUN
ijosar-1079	34	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	35	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	35	2	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	35	3	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	35	4	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	35	5	made	make	VERB
ijosar-1079	35	6	strides	stride	NOUN
ijosar-1079	35	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	35	8	addressing	address	VERB
ijosar-1079	35	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	35	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	35	11	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	35	12	remain	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	35	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	35	14	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ijosar-1079	35	15	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	35	16	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	35	17	needed	need	VERB
ijosar-1079	35	18	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	35	19	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1079	35	20	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
ijosar-1079	35	21	anticorruption	anticorruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	35	22	measures	measure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	35	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	35	24	promote	promote	VERB
ijosar-1079	35	25	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	35	26	culture	culture	NOUN
ijosar-1079	35	27	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	35	28	integrity.recently	integrity.recently	ADV
ijosar-1079	35	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	35	30	sanni	sanni	PROPN
ijosar-1079	35	31	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	35	32	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1079	35	33	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	35	34	reported	report	VERB
ijosar-1079	35	35	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	35	36	over	over	ADP
ijosar-1079	35	37	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	35	38	last	last	ADJ
ijosar-1079	35	39	two	two	NUM
ijosar-1079	35	40	decades	decade	NOUN
ijosar-1079	35	41	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	35	42	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	35	43	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	35	44	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	35	45	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	35	46	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	35	47	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	35	48	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	35	49	arrested	arrest	VERB
ijosar-1079	35	50	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	35	51	investigated	investigate	VERB
ijosar-1079	35	52	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	35	53	prosecuted	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	35	54	suspects	suspect	NOUN
ijosar-1079	35	55	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	35	56	recovered	recover	VERB
ijosar-1079	35	57	roughly	roughly	ADV
ijosar-1079	35	58	n900	n900	NUM
ijosar-1079	35	59	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	35	60	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	35	61	about	about	ADP
ijosar-1079	35	62	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1079	35	63	2.2	2.2	NUM
ijosar-1079	35	64	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	35	65	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	35	66	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	35	67	stolen	steal	VERB
ijosar-1079	35	68	assets	asset	NOUN
ijosar-1079	35	69	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	36	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	36	2	effort	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	36	3	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	36	4	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	36	5	enough	enough	ADJ
ijosar-1079	36	6	compared	compare	VERB
ijosar-1079	36	7	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	36	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	36	9	level	level	NOUN
ijosar-1079	36	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	36	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	36	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	36	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	36	14	country	country	NOUN
ijosar-1079	36	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	37	1	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ijosar-1079	37	2	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	37	3	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	37	4	ekweremadu	ekweremadu	ADJ
ijosar-1079	37	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	37	6	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1079	37	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	37	8	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	37	9	argued	argue	VERB
ijosar-1079	37	10	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	37	11	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	37	12	formal	formal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	37	13	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	37	14	mandates	mandate	NOUN
ijosar-1079	37	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	37	16	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	37	17	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	37	18	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	37	19	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	37	20	suffer	suffer	VERB
ijosar-1079	37	21	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	37	22	chronic	chronic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	37	23	underfunding	underfunding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	37	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	37	25	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	37	26	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	37	27	skilled	skilled	ADJ
ijosar-1079	37	28	personnel	personnel	NOUN
ijosar-1079	37	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	37	30	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	37	31	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	37	32	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	37	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	38	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	38	2	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	3	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	38	4	compounded	compound	VERB
ijosar-1079	38	5	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	38	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	38	7	politicisation	politicisation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	38	9	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	38	10	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	38	11	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	38	12	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	38	14	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	38	15	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	38	16	results	result	VERB
ijosar-1079	38	17	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	38	18	selective	selective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	38	19	investigations	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	38	21	prosecutions	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	22	based	base	VERB
ijosar-1079	38	23	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	38	24	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	38	25	interests	interest	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	26	rather	rather	ADV
ijosar-1079	38	27	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1079	38	28	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	38	29	merit.azeez	merit.azeez	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	30	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	38	31	ajibowuyekini	ajibowuyekini	PROPN
ijosar-1079	38	32	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	38	33	2018	2018	NUM
ijosar-1079	38	34	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	38	35	affirm	affirm	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	36	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	38	37	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	38	38	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	38	39	efcc	efcc	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	40	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	38	41	code	code	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	42	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	38	43	conduct	conduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	44	bureau	bureau	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	45	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	38	46	recorded	record	VERB
ijosar-1079	38	47	notable	notable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	38	48	achievements	achievement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	49	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	38	50	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	38	51	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	38	52	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	38	53	relatively	relatively	ADV
ijosar-1079	38	54	sluggish	sluggish	ADJ
ijosar-1079	38	55	approach	approach	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	56	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1079	38	57	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	38	58	uneven	uneven	ADJ
ijosar-1079	38	59	performance	performance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	60	among	among	ADP
ijosar-1079	38	61	anticorruption	anticorruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	62	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	38	63	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	39	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	39	2	disparity	disparity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	39	3	reflects	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1079	39	4	deeper	deep	ADJ
ijosar-1079	39	5	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	39	6	issues	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	39	7	including	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	39	8	overlapping	overlap	VERB
ijosar-1079	39	9	mandates	mandate	NOUN
ijosar-1079	39	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	39	11	inter	inter	ADJ
ijosar-1079	39	12	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	39	13	agency	agency	ADJ
ijosar-1079	39	14	rivalry	rivalry	NOUN
ijosar-1079	39	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	39	16	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	39	17	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	39	18	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	39	19	unified	unified	ADJ
ijosar-1079	39	20	strategy	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	39	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	39	22	combating	combat	VERB
ijosar-1079	39	23	graft	graft	NOUN
ijosar-1079	39	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	40	1	ewaet	ewaet	PROPN
ijosar-1079	40	2	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1079	40	3	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	41	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	41	2	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1079	41	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	41	4	highlights	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1079	41	5	internal	internal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	41	6	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	41	7	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	41	8	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	41	9	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1079	41	10	commitment	commitment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	41	11	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	41	12	ethical	ethical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	41	13	standards	standard	NOUN
ijosar-1079	41	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	41	15	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	41	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	41	17	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	41	18	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1079	41	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	41	20	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	41	21	themselves	themselves	PRON
ijosar-1079	41	22	—	—	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	41	23	factors	factor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	41	24	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	41	25	erode	erode	VERB
ijosar-1079	41	26	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	41	27	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	41	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	41	29	limit	limit	VERB
ijosar-1079	41	30	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	41	31	scope	scope	NOUN
ijosar-1079	41	32	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	41	33	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	41	34	reform	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	41	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	42	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ijosar-1079	42	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	42	3	external	external	ADJ
ijosar-1079	42	4	societal	societal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	42	5	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
ijosar-1079	42	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	42	7	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	42	8	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ijosar-1079	42	9	continue	continue	VERB
ijosar-1079	42	10	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	42	11	constrain	constrain	VERB
ijosar-1079	42	12	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	42	13	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	42	14	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	42	15	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	42	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	43	1	nnado	nnado	PROPN
ijosar-1079	43	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	43	3	ugwu	ugwu	ADJ
ijosar-1079	43	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	43	5	2015	2015	NUM
ijosar-1079	43	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	43	7	observe	observe	VERB
ijosar-1079	43	8	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	43	9	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	43	10	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	43	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	43	12	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	43	13	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	43	14	civic	civic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	43	15	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	43	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	43	17	limited	limit	VERB
ijosar-1079	43	18	whistle	whistle	NOUN
ijosar-1079	43	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	43	20	blower	blower	NOUN
ijosar-1079	43	21	protections	protection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	43	22	discourage	discourage	VERB
ijosar-1079	43	23	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ijosar-1079	43	24	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	43	25	reporting	report	VERB
ijosar-1079	43	26	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	43	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	44	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	44	2	absence	absence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	44	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	44	4	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	44	5	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	44	6	witness	witness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	44	7	protection	protection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	44	8	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	44	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	44	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	44	11	risk	risk	NOUN
ijosar-1079	44	12	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	44	13	victimisation	victimisation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	44	14	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	44	15	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1079	44	16	curtailed	curtail	VERB
ijosar-1079	44	17	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	44	18	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	44	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	45	1	umoru	umoru	NOUN
ijosar-1079	45	2	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	45	3	oki	oki	NOUN
ijosar-1079	45	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	45	5	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1079	45	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	45	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	45	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	45	9	his	his	PRON
ijosar-1079	45	10	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	45	11	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	45	12	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	45	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	45	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	45	15	uganda	uganda	PROPN
ijosar-1079	45	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	45	17	contends	contend	VERB
ijosar-1079	45	18	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	45	19	anticorruption	anticorruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	45	20	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	45	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	45	22	both	both	DET
ijosar-1079	45	23	countries	country	NOUN
ijosar-1079	45	24	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	45	25	fail	fail	VERB
ijosar-1079	45	26	due	due	ADP
ijosar-1079	45	27	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	45	28	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	45	29	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	45	30	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	45	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	45	32	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	45	33	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	45	34	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	45	35	sustained	sustained	ADJ
ijosar-1079	45	36	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	45	37	will	will	NOUN
ijosar-1079	45	38	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	46	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	46	2	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1079	46	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	46	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	46	5	extends	extend	VERB
ijosar-1079	46	6	beyond	beyond	ADP
ijosar-1079	46	7	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	46	8	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	46	9	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	46	10	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1079	46	11	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ijosar-1079	46	12	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	46	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	47	1	abu	abu	PROPN
ijosar-1079	47	2	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	47	3	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	47	4	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	47	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	47	6	nwosu	nwosu	NOUN
ijosar-1079	47	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	47	8	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	47	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	47	10	argue	argue	VERB
ijosar-1079	47	11	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	47	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	47	13	gap	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1079	47	14	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1079	47	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	47	16	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	47	17	robust	robust	ADJ
ijosar-1079	47	18	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	47	19	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	47	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	47	21	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	47	22	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	47	23	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	47	24	renders	render	VERB
ijosar-1079	47	25	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	47	26	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	47	27	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	47	28	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	47	29	largely	largely	ADV
ijosar-1079	47	30	symbolic	symbolic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	47	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	48	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	48	2	gap	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1079	48	3	allows	allow	VERB
ijosar-1079	48	4	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	48	5	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1079	48	6	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	48	7	embezzle	embezzle	VERB
ijosar-1079	48	8	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1079	48	9	meant	mean	VERB
ijosar-1079	48	10	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	48	11	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	48	12	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	48	13	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1079	48	14	education	education	NOUN
ijosar-1079	48	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	48	16	healthcare	healthcare	NOUN
ijosar-1079	48	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	48	18	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	48	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	48	20	exacerbating	exacerbate	VERB
ijosar-1079	48	21	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ijosar-1079	48	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	48	23	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	48	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	48	25	underdevelopment	underdevelopment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	48	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	49	1	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	49	2	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	49	3	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	49	4	standpoint	standpoint	NOUN
ijosar-1079	49	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	49	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	49	7	jigawa	jigawa	PROPN
ijosar-1079	49	8	state	state	PROPN
ijosar-1079	49	9	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ijosar-1079	49	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	49	11	justice	justice	PROPN
ijosar-1079	49	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	49	13	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	49	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	49	15	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1079	49	16	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	49	17	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	49	18	compromises	compromise	VERB
ijosar-1079	49	19	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	49	20	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	49	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	49	22	delays	delay	VERB
ijosar-1079	49	23	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	49	24	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	49	25	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	49	26	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	49	27	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	50	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	50	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	50	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	51	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	51	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	51	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	51	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	51	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	51	6	2	2	NUM
ijosar-1079	51	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	51	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	51	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	51	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	51	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	51	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	51	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	51	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	51	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	51	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	51	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	51	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	51	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	51	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	51	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	51	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	52	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	53	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	54	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	54	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	55	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	55	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	55	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	55	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	56	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	56	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	56	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	56	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	56	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	56	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	56	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	56	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	56	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	56	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	56	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	56	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	56	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	56	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	56	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	56	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	56	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	56	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	56	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	56	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	56	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	56	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	56	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	56	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	56	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	56	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	56	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	56	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	56	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	56	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	56	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	56	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	56	33	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	56	34	delivery	delivery	NOUN
ijosar-1079	56	35	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	56	36	contributes	contribute	VERB
ijosar-1079	56	37	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	56	38	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	56	39	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	56	40	weakening	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	56	41	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	56	42	rule	rule	NOUN
ijosar-1079	56	43	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	56	44	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	56	45	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	57	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ijosar-1079	57	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	57	3	olujobi	olujobi	NOUN
ijosar-1079	57	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	57	5	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	57	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	57	7	highlights	highlight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	57	8	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	57	9	even	even	ADV
ijosar-1079	57	10	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	57	11	revenue	revenue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	57	12	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	57	13	generating	generate	VERB
ijosar-1079	57	14	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	57	15	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	57	16	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	57	17	petroleum	petroleum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	57	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	57	19	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	57	20	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	57	21	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	57	22	statutes	statute	NOUN
ijosar-1079	57	23	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	57	24	ineffectively	ineffectively	ADV
ijosar-1079	57	25	enforced	enforce	VERB
ijosar-1079	57	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	57	27	reflecting	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1079	57	28	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	57	29	larger	large	ADJ
ijosar-1079	57	30	problem	problem	NOUN
ijosar-1079	57	31	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	57	32	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	57	33	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	57	34	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	57	35	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1079	57	36	failure	failure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	57	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	58	1	abomaye	abomaye	PROPN
ijosar-1079	58	2	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	58	3	nimenibo	nimenibo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	58	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	58	5	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	58	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	58	7	adds	add	VERB
ijosar-1079	58	8	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	58	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	58	10	perpetuates	perpetuate	VERB
ijosar-1079	58	11	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1079	58	12	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	58	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	58	14	moral	moral	ADJ
ijosar-1079	58	15	decay	decay	NOUN
ijosar-1079	58	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	58	17	leadership	leadership	NOUN
ijosar-1079	58	18	failure	failure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	58	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	58	20	all	all	PRON
ijosar-1079	58	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	58	22	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	58	23	inhibit	inhibit	VERB
ijosar-1079	58	24	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	58	25	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1079	58	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	58	27	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	58	28	stability	stability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	58	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	59	1	against	against	ADP
ijosar-1079	59	2	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	59	3	backdrop	backdrop	NOUN
ijosar-1079	59	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	59	5	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	59	6	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	59	7	addressed	address	VERB
ijosar-1079	59	8	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	59	9	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	59	10	gap	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1079	59	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	59	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	59	13	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1079	59	14	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	59	15	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1079	59	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	59	17	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	59	18	confronting	confront	VERB
ijosar-1079	59	19	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	59	20	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	59	21	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	59	22	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	59	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	59	24	assess	assess	VERB
ijosar-1079	59	25	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	59	26	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	59	27	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	59	28	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	59	29	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	59	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	59	31	using	use	VERB
ijosar-1079	59	32	recent	recent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	59	33	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ijosar-1079	59	34	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	59	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	60	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	60	2	existing	exist	VERB
ijosar-1079	60	3	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	60	4	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	60	5	explored	explore	VERB
ijosar-1079	60	6	various	various	ADJ
ijosar-1079	60	7	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	60	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	60	9	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	60	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	60	11	societal	societal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	60	12	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
ijosar-1079	60	13	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	60	14	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	60	15	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	60	16	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	60	17	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	60	18	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	60	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	60	20	they	they	PRON
ijosar-1079	60	21	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	60	22	do	do	VERB
ijosar-1079	60	23	so	so	ADV
ijosar-1079	60	24	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1079	60	25	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1079	60	26	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	60	27	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	60	28	temporal	temporal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	60	29	confines	confine	NOUN
ijosar-1079	60	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	60	31	lacking	lack	VERB
ijosar-1079	60	32	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	60	33	unified	unified	ADJ
ijosar-1079	60	34	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	60	35	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	60	36	connects	connect	VERB
ijosar-1079	60	37	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	60	38	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	60	39	directly	directly	ADV
ijosar-1079	60	40	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	60	41	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	60	42	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	60	43	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1079	60	44	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	61	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ijosar-1079	61	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	61	3	much	much	ADJ
ijosar-1079	61	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	61	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	61	6	prior	prior	ADJ
ijosar-1079	61	7	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	61	8	predates	predate	VERB
ijosar-1079	61	9	recent	recent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	61	10	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	61	11	shifts	shift	NOUN
ijosar-1079	61	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	61	13	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	61	14	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	61	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	61	16	socio	socio	NOUN
ijosar-1079	61	17	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	61	18	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	61	19	developments	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	61	20	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	61	21	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	61	22	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	61	23	reshaped	reshape	VERB
ijosar-1079	61	24	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	61	25	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	61	26	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	61	27	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	61	28	landscape	landscape	NOUN
ijosar-1079	61	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	62	1	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	62	2	focusing	focus	VERB
ijosar-1079	62	3	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	62	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	62	5	current	current	ADJ
ijosar-1079	62	6	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	62	8	integrating	integrate	VERB
ijosar-1079	62	9	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	62	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	11	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	62	12	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ijosar-1079	62	13	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	62	15	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	62	16	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	17	moves	move	VERB
ijosar-1079	62	18	beyond	beyond	ADP
ijosar-1079	62	19	isolated	isolated	ADJ
ijosar-1079	62	20	critiques	critique	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	62	22	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	23	performance	performance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	24	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	62	25	examine	examine	VERB
ijosar-1079	62	26	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	62	27	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	62	28	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	62	30	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	62	31	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	62	32	politicisation	politicisation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	62	34	inter	inter	ADJ
ijosar-1079	62	35	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	62	36	agency	agency	ADJ
ijosar-1079	62	37	rivalry	rivalry	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	38	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	62	39	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	62	40	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	41	gaps	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	42	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	62	43	collectively	collectively	ADV
ijosar-1079	62	44	undermine	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	62	45	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	46	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	62	47	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	62	48	progress	progress	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	49	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	62	50	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	62	51	stability	stability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	62	52	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	63	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	63	2	doing	do	VERB
ijosar-1079	63	3	so	so	ADV
ijosar-1079	63	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	63	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	63	6	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	63	7	provides	provide	VERB
ijosar-1079	63	8	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	63	9	timely	timely	ADJ
ijosar-1079	63	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	63	11	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	63	12	reassessment	reassessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	63	13	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	63	14	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	63	15	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	63	16	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	63	17	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	63	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	63	19	offering	offer	VERB
ijosar-1079	63	20	fresh	fresh	ADJ
ijosar-1079	63	21	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	63	22	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1079	63	23	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	63	24	entrenched	entrenched	ADJ
ijosar-1079	63	25	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	63	26	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	63	27	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	63	28	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	63	29	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	63	30	impeding	impede	VERB
ijosar-1079	63	31	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	63	32	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	63	33	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ijosar-1079	63	34	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
ijosar-1079	63	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	64	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	64	2	integrative	integrative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	64	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	64	4	updated	update	VERB
ijosar-1079	64	5	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1079	64	6	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	64	7	largely	largely	ADV
ijosar-1079	64	8	missing	missing	ADJ
ijosar-1079	64	9	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	64	10	earlier	early	ADJ
ijosar-1079	64	11	works	work	NOUN
ijosar-1079	64	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	64	13	thereby	thereby	ADV
ijosar-1079	64	14	positioning	position	VERB
ijosar-1079	64	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	64	16	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	64	17	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	64	18	make	make	VERB
ijosar-1079	64	19	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	64	20	valuable	valuable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	64	21	contribution	contribution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	64	22	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	64	23	both	both	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	64	24	academic	academic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	64	25	discourse	discourse	NOUN
ijosar-1079	64	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	64	27	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	64	28	formulation	formulation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	64	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	65	1	ii	ii	PROPN
ijosar-1079	65	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	65	3	conceptualisation	conceptualisation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	65	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	65	5	literature	literature	PROPN
ijosar-1079	65	6	review	review	NOUN
ijosar-1079	65	7	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	65	8	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	65	9	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	65	10	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	65	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	65	12	operates	operate	VERB
ijosar-1079	65	13	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	65	14	multi	multi	ADJ
ijosar-1079	65	15	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	65	16	agency	agency	ADJ
ijosar-1079	65	17	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	65	18	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	65	19	combating	combat	VERB
ijosar-1079	65	20	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	65	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	65	22	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	65	23	various	various	ADJ
ijosar-1079	65	24	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	65	25	established	establish	VERB
ijosar-1079	65	26	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	65	27	investigate	investigate	VERB
ijosar-1079	65	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	65	29	prosecute	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	65	30	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	65	31	prevent	prevent	VERB
ijosar-1079	65	32	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	65	33	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	65	34	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1079	65	35	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	65	36	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	65	37	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	65	38	private	private	ADJ
ijosar-1079	65	39	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	65	40	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	66	1	anticorruption	anticorruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	66	2	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	66	3	defined	define	VERB
ijosar-1079	66	4	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	66	5	all	all	DET
ijosar-1079	66	6	measures	measure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	66	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	66	8	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	66	9	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	66	10	controlling	control	VERB
ijosar-1079	66	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	66	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	66	13	babasola	babasola	NOUN
ijosar-1079	66	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	66	15	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1079	66	16	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	66	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	67	2	measures	measure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	67	4	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	5	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	67	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	67	7	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	67	9	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	67	10	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	67	11	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	67	12	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	13	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	67	14	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	67	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	67	16	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	67	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	67	18	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	67	19	crimes	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	20	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1079	67	21	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	22	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	67	23	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	25	independent	independent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	67	26	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	67	27	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	67	29	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	67	30	related	related	ADJ
ijosar-1079	67	31	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	32	commission	commission	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	33	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	34	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	67	35	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	36	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	37	code	code	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	38	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	67	39	conduct	conduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	40	bureau	bureau	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	41	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	42	ccb	ccb	PROPN
ijosar-1079	67	43	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	44	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	45	code	code	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	46	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	67	47	conduct	conduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	48	tribunal	tribunal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	49	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	50	cct	cct	PROPN
ijosar-1079	67	51	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	52	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	67	53	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1079	67	54	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	67	55	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	56	unit	unit	NOUN
ijosar-1079	67	57	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	58	nfiu	nfiu	PROPN
ijosar-1079	67	59	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	67	60	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	1	others	other	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	2	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	68	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	68	5	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	68	6	complaints	complaint	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	7	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1079	68	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	9	pcc	pcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	68	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	12	special	special	ADJ
ijosar-1079	68	13	investigation	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	14	panel	panel	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	16	sip	sip	PROPN
ijosar-1079	68	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	19	bureau	bureau	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	68	21	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	68	22	procurement	procurement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	24	bpp	bpp	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	25	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	27	servicom	servicom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	68	28	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	29	civil	civil	ADJ
ijosar-1079	68	30	service	service	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	31	reform	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	32	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	34	due	due	ADJ
ijosar-1079	68	35	process	process	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	36	review	review	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	37	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	68	38	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	68	39	procurement	procurement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	40	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	41	dprpp	dprpp	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	42	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	43	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	68	44	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	68	45	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	68	46	extractive	extractive	PROPN
ijosar-1079	68	47	industries	industry	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	48	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	49	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1079	68	50	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	51	neiti	neiti	ADV
ijosar-1079	68	52	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	68	53	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	69	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	69	2	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	69	3	function	function	VERB
ijosar-1079	69	4	based	base	VERB
ijosar-1079	69	5	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	69	6	distinct	distinct	ADJ
ijosar-1079	69	7	statutory	statutory	ADJ
ijosar-1079	69	8	mandates	mandate	NOUN
ijosar-1079	69	9	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	69	10	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	69	11	united	unite	VERB
ijosar-1079	69	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	69	13	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	69	14	objective	objective	NOUN
ijosar-1079	69	15	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	69	16	promoting	promote	VERB
ijosar-1079	69	17	ethical	ethical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	69	18	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	69	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	69	20	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	69	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	69	22	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	69	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	70	1	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	70	2	core	core	NOUN
ijosar-1079	70	3	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
ijosar-1079	70	4	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	70	5	investigating	investigate	VERB
ijosar-1079	70	6	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	70	7	crimes	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	70	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	70	9	prosecuting	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	70	10	offenders	offender	NOUN
ijosar-1079	70	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	70	12	sanctioning	sanction	VERB
ijosar-1079	70	13	defaulters	defaulter	NOUN
ijosar-1079	70	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	70	15	periodically	periodically	ADV
ijosar-1079	70	16	conducting	conduct	VERB
ijosar-1079	70	17	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	70	18	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	70	19	identify	identify	VERB
ijosar-1079	70	20	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	70	21	risks	risk	NOUN
ijosar-1079	70	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	71	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	71	2	enables	enable	VERB
ijosar-1079	71	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	71	4	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	71	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	71	6	targeted	target	VERB
ijosar-1079	71	7	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	71	8	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	71	9	curbing	curb	VERB
ijosar-1079	71	10	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	71	11	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	71	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	71	13	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1079	71	14	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	71	15	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	71	16	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	71	17	administration	administration	NOUN
ijosar-1079	71	18	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	71	19	ayozie	ayozie	NOUN
ijosar-1079	71	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	71	21	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	71	22	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	71	23	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	71	24	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1079	71	25	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1079	71	26	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	71	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	71	28	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1079	71	29	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	71	30	abu	abu	PROPN
ijosar-1079	71	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	71	32	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	71	33	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	71	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	72	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	72	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ijosar-1079	72	3	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	72	4	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	72	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	72	6	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	72	7	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	72	8	play	play	VERB
ijosar-1079	72	9	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	72	10	preventive	preventive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	72	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	72	12	advisory	advisory	ADJ
ijosar-1079	72	13	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1079	72	14	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	72	15	formulating	formulate	VERB
ijosar-1079	72	16	anticorruption	anticorruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	72	17	policies	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	72	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	72	19	monitoring	monitor	VERB
ijosar-1079	72	20	compliance	compliance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	72	21	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	72	22	due	due	ADJ
ijosar-1079	72	23	process	process	NOUN
ijosar-1079	72	24	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	72	25	procurement	procurement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	72	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	72	27	fostering	foster	VERB
ijosar-1079	72	28	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	72	29	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	72	30	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	72	31	education	education	NOUN
ijosar-1079	72	32	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	72	33	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	72	34	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	72	35	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	72	36	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	72	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	73	1	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1079	73	2	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	73	3	functions	function	NOUN
ijosar-1079	73	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	73	5	they	they	PRON
ijosar-1079	73	6	contribute	contribute	VERB
ijosar-1079	73	7	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	73	8	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
ijosar-1079	73	9	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	73	10	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	73	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	73	12	improving	improve	VERB
ijosar-1079	73	13	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	73	14	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	73	15	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	73	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	73	17	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1079	73	18	state	state	NOUN
ijosar-1079	73	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	74	1	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1079	74	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	74	3	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	74	4	ikpeze	ikpeze	PRON
ijosar-1079	74	5	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	74	6	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	74	7	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	74	8	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	74	9	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	75	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	75	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	75	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	76	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	76	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	76	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	76	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	76	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	76	6	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	76	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	76	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	76	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	76	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	76	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	76	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	76	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	76	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	76	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	76	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	76	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	76	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	76	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	76	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	76	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	76	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	77	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	78	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	79	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	79	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	80	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	80	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	80	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	80	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	81	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	81	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	81	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	81	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	81	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	81	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	81	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	81	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	81	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	81	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	81	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	81	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	81	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	81	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	81	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	81	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	81	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	81	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	81	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	81	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	81	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	81	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	81	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	81	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	81	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	81	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	81	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	81	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	81	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	81	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	81	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	81	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	81	33	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	81	34	2013	2013	NUM
ijosar-1079	81	35	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	81	36	observes	observe	VERB
ijosar-1079	81	37	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	81	38	several	several	ADJ
ijosar-1079	81	39	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	81	40	impede	impede	VERB
ijosar-1079	81	41	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	81	42	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	81	43	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	81	44	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	81	45	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	81	46	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	82	1	key	key	ADJ
ijosar-1079	82	2	issues	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	3	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	82	4	human	human	ADJ
ijosar-1079	82	5	rights	right	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	6	abuses	abuse	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	82	8	disobedience	disobedience	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	9	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	82	10	court	court	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	11	orders	order	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	82	13	executive	executive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	82	14	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	15	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1079	82	16	function	function	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	17	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	82	18	switching	switching	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	82	20	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	82	21	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	82	23	inter	inter	ADJ
ijosar-1079	82	24	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	82	25	agency	agency	ADJ
ijosar-1079	82	26	coordination	coordination	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	82	28	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	82	29	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	82	30	results	result	VERB
ijosar-1079	82	31	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	82	32	overlapping	overlap	VERB
ijosar-1079	82	33	functions	function	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	82	35	duplication	duplication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	36	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	82	37	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	38	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	82	39	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	82	40	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ijosar-1079	82	41	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	83	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	83	2	babasola	babasola	NOUN
ijosar-1079	83	3	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	83	4	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1079	83	5	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	83	6	observes	observe	VERB
ijosar-1079	83	7	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	83	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	83	9	concept	concept	NOUN
ijosar-1079	83	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	83	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	83	12	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	83	13	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ijosar-1079	83	14	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	83	15	define	define	VERB
ijosar-1079	83	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	84	1	he	he	PRON
ijosar-1079	84	2	defined	define	VERB
ijosar-1079	84	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	84	4	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	84	5	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	84	6	abuse	abuse	NOUN
ijosar-1079	84	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	84	8	power	power	NOUN
ijosar-1079	84	9	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	84	10	private	private	ADJ
ijosar-1079	84	11	gain	gain	NOUN
ijosar-1079	84	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	85	1	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ijosar-1079	85	2	posited	posit	VERB
ijosar-1079	85	3	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	85	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	85	5	term	term	NOUN
ijosar-1079	85	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	85	7	includes	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	85	8	‘	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	85	9	all	all	DET
ijosar-1079	85	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	85	11	forms	form	NOUN
ijosar-1079	85	12	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	85	13	improper	improper	ADJ
ijosar-1079	85	14	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	85	15	selfish	selfish	ADJ
ijosar-1079	85	16	exercise	exercise	NOUN
ijosar-1079	85	17	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	85	18	power	power	NOUN
ijosar-1079	85	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	85	20	influence	influence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	85	21	attached	attach	VERB
ijosar-1079	85	22	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	85	23	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	85	24	public	public	NOUN
ijosar-1079	85	25	as	as	ADV
ijosar-1079	85	26	well	well	ADV
ijosar-1079	85	27	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	85	28	private	private	ADJ
ijosar-1079	85	29	office	office	NOUN
ijosar-1079	85	30	’	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	85	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	86	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	86	2	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	86	3	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	86	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	86	5	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	86	6	related	relate	VERB
ijosar-1079	86	7	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	86	8	act	act	NOUN
ijosar-1079	86	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	86	10	lfn	lfn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	86	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	86	12	2000	2000	NUM
ijosar-1079	86	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	86	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	86	15	submitted	submit	VERB
ijosar-1079	86	16	that	that	DET
ijosar-1079	86	17	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	86	18	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	86	19	bribery	bribery	NOUN
ijosar-1079	86	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	86	21	fraud	fraud	NOUN
ijosar-1079	86	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	86	23	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	86	24	related	related	ADJ
ijosar-1079	86	25	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	86	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	87	1	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	2	punishable	punishable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	87	3	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	87	4	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	87	5	willful	willful	ADJ
ijosar-1079	87	6	giving	giving	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	87	8	receipt	receipt	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	87	10	bribes	bribe	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	87	12	gratification	gratification	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	13	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	87	14	influence	influence	VERB
ijosar-1079	87	15	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	87	16	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	87	17	duty	duty	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	87	19	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	87	20	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	87	22	receipt	receipt	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	23	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	87	24	properties	property	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	87	26	deliberate	deliberate	VERB
ijosar-1079	87	27	frustration	frustration	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	28	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	87	29	investigation	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	30	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	87	31	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	87	32	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	87	33	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	87	34	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	87	35	commission	commission	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	36	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	87	37	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	87	38	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	87	39	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	87	40	making	make	VERB
ijosar-1079	87	41	false	false	ADJ
ijosar-1079	87	42	returns	return	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	43	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	87	44	making	make	VERB
ijosar-1079	87	45	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	87	46	false	false	ADJ
ijosar-1079	87	47	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	87	48	misleading	misleading	ADJ
ijosar-1079	87	49	statements	statement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	50	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	87	51	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	87	52	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	87	53	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	87	54	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	87	55	commission	commission	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	56	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	87	57	attempts	attempt	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	58	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	87	59	conspiracies	conspiracy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	60	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	87	61	abetments	abetment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	62	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	87	63	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	64	under	under	ADP
ijosar-1079	87	65	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	87	66	act	act	NOUN
ijosar-1079	87	67	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	88	1	national	national	PROPN
ijosar-1079	88	2	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1079	88	3	national	national	PROPN
ijosar-1079	88	4	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1079	88	5	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	88	6	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	88	7	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	88	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	88	9	holistic	holistic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	88	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	88	11	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	88	12	process	process	NOUN
ijosar-1079	88	13	aimed	aim	VERB
ijosar-1079	88	14	at	at	ADP
ijosar-1079	88	15	improving	improve	VERB
ijosar-1079	88	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	88	17	overall	overall	ADJ
ijosar-1079	88	18	well	well	ADV
ijosar-1079	88	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	88	20	being	being	NOUN
ijosar-1079	88	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	88	22	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	88	23	nation	nation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	88	24	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	88	25	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ijosar-1079	88	26	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1079	88	27	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ijosar-1079	88	28	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
ijosar-1079	88	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	89	1	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	89	2	encompasses	encompass	VERB
ijosar-1079	89	3	balanced	balanced	ADJ
ijosar-1079	89	4	progress	progress	NOUN
ijosar-1079	89	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	89	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	89	7	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	89	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	89	9	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	89	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	89	11	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	89	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	89	13	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	89	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	89	15	scientific	scientific	ADJ
ijosar-1079	89	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	89	17	technological	technological	ADJ
ijosar-1079	89	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	89	19	ecological	ecological	ADJ
ijosar-1079	89	20	spheres	sphere	NOUN
ijosar-1079	89	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	89	22	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	89	23	life	life	NOUN
ijosar-1079	89	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	90	1	according	accord	VERB
ijosar-1079	90	2	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	90	3	khosla	khosla	PROPN
ijosar-1079	90	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	90	5	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1079	90	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	90	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	90	8	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	90	9	involves	involve	VERB
ijosar-1079	90	10	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1079	90	11	both	both	PRON
ijosar-1079	90	12	individual	individual	ADJ
ijosar-1079	90	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	90	14	societal	societal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	90	15	welfare	welfare	NOUN
ijosar-1079	90	16	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1079	90	17	advancements	advancement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	90	18	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	90	19	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	90	20	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	90	21	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	90	22	industry	industry	NOUN
ijosar-1079	90	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	90	24	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
ijosar-1079	90	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	90	26	education	education	NOUN
ijosar-1079	90	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	90	28	health	health	NOUN
ijosar-1079	90	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	90	30	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	90	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	91	1	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	91	2	defined	define	VERB
ijosar-1079	91	3	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	91	4	india	india	PROPN
ijosar-1079	91	5	free	free	PROPN
ijosar-1079	91	6	notes	note	NOUN
ijosar-1079	91	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	91	8	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1079	91	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	91	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	91	11	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	91	12	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	91	13	includes	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	91	14	integrated	integrated	ADJ
ijosar-1079	91	15	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1079	91	16	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	91	17	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	91	18	welfare	welfare	NOUN
ijosar-1079	91	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	91	20	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	91	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	91	22	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	91	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	91	24	tailored	tailor	VERB
ijosar-1079	91	25	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	91	26	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	91	27	country	country	NOUN
ijosar-1079	91	28	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	91	29	unique	unique	ADJ
ijosar-1079	91	30	needs	need	NOUN
ijosar-1079	91	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	91	32	contexts	contexts	NOUN
ijosar-1079	91	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	92	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	92	2	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	92	3	process	process	NOUN
ijosar-1079	92	4	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	92	5	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	92	6	static	static	ADJ
ijosar-1079	92	7	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	92	8	evolves	evolve	NOUN
ijosar-1079	92	9	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	92	10	changing	change	VERB
ijosar-1079	92	11	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	92	12	goals	goal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	92	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	92	14	priorities	priority	NOUN
ijosar-1079	92	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	93	1	adagbabiri	adagbabiri	ADV
ijosar-1079	93	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	93	3	okolie	okolie	PROPN
ijosar-1079	93	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	93	5	2016	2016	NUM
ijosar-1079	93	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	93	7	highlight	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1079	93	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	93	9	importance	importance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	93	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	93	11	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	93	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	93	13	human	human	ADJ
ijosar-1079	93	14	dignity	dignity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	93	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	93	16	arguing	argue	VERB
ijosar-1079	93	17	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	93	18	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	93	19	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	93	20	should	should	AUX
ijosar-1079	93	21	lead	lead	VERB
ijosar-1079	93	22	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	93	23	both	both	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	93	24	material	material	NOUN
ijosar-1079	93	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	93	26	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ
ijosar-1079	93	27	betterment	betterment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	93	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	93	29	underpinned	underpin	VERB
ijosar-1079	93	30	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	93	31	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	93	32	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	93	33	utilisation	utilisation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	93	34	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	93	35	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	93	36	nation	nation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	93	37	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	93	38	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1079	93	39	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	93	40	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	93	41	common	common	ADJ
ijosar-1079	93	42	good	good	NOUN
ijosar-1079	93	43	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	94	1	idike	idike	NOUN
ijosar-1079	94	2	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	94	3	2014	2014	NUM
ijosar-1079	94	4	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	94	5	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1079	94	6	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	94	7	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	94	8	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	94	9	must	must	AUX
ijosar-1079	94	10	lead	lead	VERB
ijosar-1079	94	11	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	94	12	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	94	13	reduction	reduction	NOUN
ijosar-1079	94	14	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	94	15	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	94	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	94	17	promote	promote	VERB
ijosar-1079	94	18	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	94	19	security	security	NOUN
ijosar-1079	94	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	94	21	lives	life	NOUN
ijosar-1079	94	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	94	23	property	property	NOUN
ijosar-1079	94	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	94	25	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ijosar-1079	94	26	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	94	27	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	94	28	majority	majority	NOUN
ijosar-1079	94	29	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	94	30	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ijosar-1079	94	31	experience	experience	VERB
ijosar-1079	94	32	tangible	tangible	ADJ
ijosar-1079	94	33	improvements	improvement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	94	34	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	94	35	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	94	36	quality	quality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	94	37	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	94	38	life	life	NOUN
ijosar-1079	94	39	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	95	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ijosar-1079	95	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	95	3	okeke	okeke	ADJ
ijosar-1079	95	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	95	5	idike	idike	ADJ
ijosar-1079	95	6	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	95	7	2016	2016	NUM
ijosar-1079	95	8	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	95	9	stress	stress	VERB
ijosar-1079	95	10	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	95	11	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	95	12	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	95	13	should	should	AUX
ijosar-1079	95	14	foster	foster	VERB
ijosar-1079	95	15	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	95	16	harmony	harmony	NOUN
ijosar-1079	95	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	95	18	including	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	95	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	95	20	elimination	elimination	NOUN
ijosar-1079	95	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	95	22	inter	inter	ADJ
ijosar-1079	95	23	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	95	24	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	95	25	antagonisms	antagonism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	95	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	95	27	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	95	28	promotion	promotion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	95	29	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	95	30	peaceful	peaceful	ADJ
ijosar-1079	95	31	intergroup	intergroup	NOUN
ijosar-1079	95	32	relations	relation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	95	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	96	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ijosar-1079	96	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	96	3	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	96	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	96	5	context	context	NOUN
ijosar-1079	96	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	96	7	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	96	8	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	96	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	96	10	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	96	11	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	96	12	refers	refer	VERB
ijosar-1079	96	13	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	96	14	progressive	progressive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	96	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	96	16	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	96	17	transformations	transformation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	96	18	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	96	19	all	all	DET
ijosar-1079	96	20	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	96	21	facets	facet	NOUN
ijosar-1079	96	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	96	23	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	96	24	nation	nation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	96	25	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	96	26	existence	existence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	96	27	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	96	28	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	96	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	96	30	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	96	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	96	32	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	96	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	96	34	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	96	35	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	96	36	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	96	37	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	96	38	technological	technological	ADJ
ijosar-1079	96	39	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	96	40	ecological	ecological	ADJ
ijosar-1079	96	41	achieved	achieve	VERB
ijosar-1079	96	42	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	96	43	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	96	44	way	way	NOUN
ijosar-1079	96	45	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	96	46	safeguards	safeguard	VERB
ijosar-1079	96	47	both	both	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	96	48	present	present	ADJ
ijosar-1079	96	49	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	96	50	future	future	ADJ
ijosar-1079	96	51	generations	generation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	96	52	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	97	1	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	97	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	97	3	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	97	4	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	97	5	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	97	6	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	97	7	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	97	8	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	97	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	97	10	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	97	11	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	97	12	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	97	13	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	97	14	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	97	15	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1079	97	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	97	17	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	97	18	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	97	19	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	97	20	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	97	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	97	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	97	23	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	97	24	attracted	attract	VERB
ijosar-1079	97	25	considerable	considerable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	97	26	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
ijosar-1079	97	27	attention	attention	NOUN
ijosar-1079	97	28	due	due	ADP
ijosar-1079	97	29	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	97	30	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	97	31	centrality	centrality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	97	32	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	97	33	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	97	34	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	97	35	undermining	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	97	36	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	97	37	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	97	38	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	98	1	although	although	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	98	2	successive	successive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	98	3	governments	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	98	4	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	98	5	established	establish	VERB
ijosar-1079	98	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	98	7	empowered	empower	VERB
ijosar-1079	98	8	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	98	9	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	98	10	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	98	11	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	98	12	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	98	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	98	14	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	98	15	crimes	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	98	16	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1079	98	17	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	98	18	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	98	19	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	98	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	98	21	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	98	22	independent	independent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	98	23	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	98	24	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	98	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	98	26	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	98	27	related	related	ADJ
ijosar-1079	98	28	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	98	29	commission	commission	NOUN
ijosar-1079	98	30	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	98	31	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	98	32	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	98	33	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	98	34	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	98	35	code	code	NOUN
ijosar-1079	98	36	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	98	37	conduct	conduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	98	38	bureau	bureau	NOUN
ijosar-1079	98	39	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	98	40	ccb	ccb	PROPN
ijosar-1079	98	41	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	98	42	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	98	43	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	98	44	suggests	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1079	98	45	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	98	46	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	98	47	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	98	48	face	face	VERB
ijosar-1079	98	49	significant	significant	ADJ
ijosar-1079	98	50	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	98	51	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	98	52	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	98	53	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	98	54	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	98	55	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ijosar-1079	98	56	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	98	57	impair	impair	VERB
ijosar-1079	98	58	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	98	59	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	98	60	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	99	1	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	99	2	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	99	3	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	99	4	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	99	5	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	100	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	100	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	100	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	101	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	101	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	101	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	101	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	101	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	101	6	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1079	101	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	101	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	101	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	101	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	101	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	101	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	101	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	101	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	101	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	101	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	101	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	101	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	101	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	101	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	101	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	101	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	102	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	103	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	104	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	104	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	105	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	105	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	105	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	105	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	106	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	106	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	106	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	106	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	106	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	106	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	106	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	106	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	106	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	106	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	106	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	106	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	106	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	106	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	106	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	106	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	106	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	106	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	106	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	106	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	106	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	106	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	106	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	106	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	106	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	106	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	106	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	106	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	106	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	106	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	106	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	106	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	106	33	ekweremadu	ekweremadu	ADJ
ijosar-1079	106	34	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	106	35	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1079	106	36	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	106	37	highlights	highlight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	106	38	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	106	39	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	106	40	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	106	41	major	major	ADJ
ijosar-1079	106	42	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	106	43	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	106	44	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	106	45	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	106	46	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	106	47	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	106	48	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	106	49	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	106	50	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	106	51	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	106	52	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	106	53	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	107	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	107	2	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	107	3	formal	formal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	107	4	powers	power	NOUN
ijosar-1079	107	5	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	107	6	investigate	investigate	VERB
ijosar-1079	107	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	107	8	prosecute	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	107	9	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	107	10	individuals	individual	NOUN
ijosar-1079	107	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	107	12	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	107	13	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	107	14	continues	continue	VERB
ijosar-1079	107	15	unabated	unabated	ADJ
ijosar-1079	107	16	due	due	ADP
ijosar-1079	107	17	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	107	18	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	107	19	loopholes	loophole	NOUN
ijosar-1079	107	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	107	21	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1079	107	22	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	107	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	107	24	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ijosar-1079	107	25	personnel	personnel	NOUN
ijosar-1079	107	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	107	27	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	107	28	pervasive	pervasive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	107	29	politicisation	politicisation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	107	30	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	107	31	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	107	32	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	107	33	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	107	34	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	107	35	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	107	36	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	107	37	undermines	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	107	38	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	107	39	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	107	40	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	107	41	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	107	42	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	107	43	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	108	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	108	2	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	108	3	similar	similar	ADJ
ijosar-1079	108	4	vein	vein	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	108	6	azeez	azeez	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	108	8	ajibowu	ajibowu	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	9	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	108	10	yekini	yekini	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	108	12	2018	2018	NUM
ijosar-1079	108	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	108	14	affirm	affirm	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	108	16	significance	significance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	17	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	108	18	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	108	19	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	108	20	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	108	21	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	22	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	108	23	combating	combat	VERB
ijosar-1079	108	24	graft	graft	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	108	26	noting	note	VERB
ijosar-1079	108	27	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	108	28	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	108	29	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	108	30	efcc	efcc	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	108	32	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	108	33	code	code	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	34	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	108	35	conduct	conduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	36	bureau	bureau	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	37	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	108	38	made	make	VERB
ijosar-1079	108	39	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
ijosar-1079	108	40	impacts	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	41	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	108	42	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	108	43	icpc	icpc	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	44	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	108	45	been	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	108	46	less	less	ADV
ijosar-1079	108	47	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	108	48	due	due	ADJ
ijosar-1079	108	49	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	108	50	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	108	51	sluggishness	sluggishness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	108	52	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	109	1	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	109	2	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	109	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	109	4	grounded	ground	VERB
ijosar-1079	109	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	109	6	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1079	109	7	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	109	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	109	9	supports	support	VERB
ijosar-1079	109	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	109	11	notion	notion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	109	12	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	109	13	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	109	14	performance	performance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	109	15	varies	vary	VERB
ijosar-1079	109	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	109	17	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	109	18	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	109	19	overall	overall	ADJ
ijosar-1079	109	20	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1079	109	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	109	22	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	109	23	bodies	body	NOUN
ijosar-1079	109	24	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	109	25	essential	essential	ADJ
ijosar-1079	109	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	110	1	ewaet	ewaet	PROPN
ijosar-1079	110	2	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1079	110	3	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	111	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	111	2	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1079	111	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	111	4	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1079	111	5	problematise	problematise	VERB
ijosar-1079	111	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	111	7	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	111	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	111	9	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	111	10	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	111	11	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	111	12	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	111	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	111	14	citing	cite	VERB
ijosar-1079	111	15	widespread	widespread	ADJ
ijosar-1079	111	16	deficiencies	deficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	111	17	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	111	18	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	111	19	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	111	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	111	21	commitment	commitment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	111	22	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	111	23	ethical	ethical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	111	24	standards	standard	NOUN
ijosar-1079	111	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	111	26	rule	rule	NOUN
ijosar-1079	111	27	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	111	28	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	111	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	111	30	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	111	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	111	32	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	111	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	112	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	112	2	internal	internal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	112	3	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	112	4	issues	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	112	5	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	112	6	eroded	erode	VERB
ijosar-1079	112	7	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	112	8	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	112	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	112	10	limited	limit	VERB
ijosar-1079	112	11	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	112	12	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	112	13	’	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	112	14	ability	ability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	112	15	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	112	16	effect	effect	VERB
ijosar-1079	112	17	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	112	18	change	change	NOUN
ijosar-1079	112	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	113	1	umoru	umoru	NOUN
ijosar-1079	113	2	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	113	3	oki	oki	NOUN
ijosar-1079	113	4	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	113	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	113	6	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1079	113	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	113	8	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	113	9	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	113	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	113	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	113	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	113	13	uganda	uganda	PROPN
ijosar-1079	113	14	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1079	113	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	113	16	defective	defective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	113	17	nature	nature	NOUN
ijosar-1079	113	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	113	19	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	113	20	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	113	21	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	113	22	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	113	23	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	113	24	both	both	DET
ijosar-1079	113	25	countries	country	NOUN
ijosar-1079	113	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	114	1	his	his	PRON
ijosar-1079	114	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	114	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	114	4	based	base	VERB
ijosar-1079	114	5	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	114	6	world	world	NOUN
ijosar-1079	114	7	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	114	8	indicators	indicator	NOUN
ijosar-1079	114	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	114	10	point	point	VERB
ijosar-1079	114	11	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	114	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	114	13	inadequacy	inadequacy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	114	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	114	15	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	114	16	measures	measure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	114	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	114	18	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	114	19	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	114	20	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	114	21	fraught	fraught	ADJ
ijosar-1079	114	22	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	114	23	inconsistencies	inconsistency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	114	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	114	25	lack	lack	VERB
ijosar-1079	114	26	real	real	ADJ
ijosar-1079	114	27	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1079	114	28	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	114	29	curbing	curb	VERB
ijosar-1079	114	30	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	114	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	115	1	abu	abu	PROPN
ijosar-1079	115	2	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	115	3	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	115	4	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	115	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	115	6	nwosu	nwosu	NOUN
ijosar-1079	115	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	115	8	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	115	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	115	10	both	both	PRON
ijosar-1079	115	11	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1079	115	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	115	13	disconnection	disconnection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	115	14	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1079	115	15	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	115	16	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	115	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	115	18	practical	practical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	115	19	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	115	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	116	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	116	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	116	3	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	116	4	enacted	enact	VERB
ijosar-1079	116	5	numerous	numerous	ADJ
ijosar-1079	116	6	anticorruption	anticorruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	116	7	laws	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	116	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	116	9	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	116	10	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	116	11	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	116	12	due	due	ADJ
ijosar-1079	116	13	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	116	14	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	116	15	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	116	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	116	17	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ijosar-1079	116	18	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1079	116	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	116	20	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	116	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	116	22	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	116	23	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	116	24	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	116	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	117	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	117	2	gaps	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1079	117	3	make	make	VERB
ijosar-1079	117	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	117	5	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	117	6	regime	regime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	117	7	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1079	117	8	symbolic	symbolic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	117	9	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1079	117	10	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	117	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	118	1	nnado	nnado	PROPN
ijosar-1079	118	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	118	3	ugwu	ugwu	ADJ
ijosar-1079	118	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	118	5	2015	2015	NUM
ijosar-1079	118	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	118	7	shed	shed	VERB
ijosar-1079	118	8	light	light	NOUN
ijosar-1079	118	9	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	118	10	external	external	ADJ
ijosar-1079	118	11	societal	societal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	118	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	118	13	internal	internal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	118	14	organisational	organisational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	118	15	factors	factor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	118	16	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	118	17	hinder	hinder	VERB
ijosar-1079	118	18	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	118	19	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	118	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	118	21	performance	performance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	118	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	118	23	including	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	118	24	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	118	25	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	118	26	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	118	27	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	118	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	118	29	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1079	118	30	staff	staff	NOUN
ijosar-1079	118	31	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	118	32	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	118	33	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	118	34	disorder	disorder	NOUN
ijosar-1079	118	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	119	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	119	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	119	3	align	align	VERB
ijosar-1079	119	4	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	119	5	those	those	PRON
ijosar-1079	119	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	119	7	awopeju	awopeju	NOUN
ijosar-1079	119	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	119	9	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	119	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	119	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	119	12	who	who	PRON
ijosar-1079	119	13	observed	observe	VERB
ijosar-1079	119	14	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	119	15	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	119	16	playing	play	VERB
ijosar-1079	119	17	advisory	advisory	ADJ
ijosar-1079	119	18	roles	role	NOUN
ijosar-1079	119	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	119	20	participating	participate	VERB
ijosar-1079	119	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	119	22	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	119	23	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	119	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	119	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	119	26	overall	overall	ADJ
ijosar-1079	119	27	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1079	119	28	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	119	29	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	119	30	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	119	31	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	119	32	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	119	33	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	119	34	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	119	35	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	119	36	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1079	119	37	due	due	ADP
ijosar-1079	119	38	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	119	39	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	119	40	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	119	41	relevance	relevance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	119	42	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	119	43	shaping	shape	VERB
ijosar-1079	119	44	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	119	45	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1079	119	46	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	120	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	120	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	120	3	context	context	NOUN
ijosar-1079	120	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	120	5	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1079	120	6	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	120	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	120	8	olujobi	olujobi	NOUN
ijosar-1079	120	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	120	10	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	120	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	120	12	reveals	reveal	VERB
ijosar-1079	120	13	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	120	14	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	120	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	120	16	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	120	17	upstream	upstream	ADJ
ijosar-1079	120	18	petroleum	petroleum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	120	19	industry	industry	NOUN
ijosar-1079	120	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	120	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	120	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	120	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	120	24	statutes	statute	NOUN
ijosar-1079	120	25	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	120	26	largely	largely	ADV
ijosar-1079	120	27	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	120	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	121	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	121	2	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	121	3	attributes	attribute	VERB
ijosar-1079	121	4	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	121	5	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	121	6	feeble	feeble	ADJ
ijosar-1079	121	7	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	121	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	121	9	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	121	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	121	11	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	121	12	will	will	NOUN
ijosar-1079	121	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	121	14	nonimplementation	nonimplementation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	121	15	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	121	16	regulations	regulation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	121	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	121	18	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1079	121	19	affirming	affirm	VERB
ijosar-1079	121	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	121	21	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	121	22	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	121	23	confronting	confront	VERB
ijosar-1079	121	24	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	121	25	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	121	26	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	121	27	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	121	28	fight	fight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	121	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	122	1	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	122	2	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	122	3	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1079	122	4	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ijosar-1079	122	5	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1079	122	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	122	7	abomaye	abomaye	NOUN
ijosar-1079	122	8	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	122	9	nimenibo	nimenibo	NOUN
ijosar-1079	122	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	122	11	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	122	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	122	13	argues	argue	VERB
ijosar-1079	122	14	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	122	15	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	122	16	negatively	negatively	ADV
ijosar-1079	122	17	affects	affect	VERB
ijosar-1079	122	18	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	122	19	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	122	20	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	122	21	promoting	promote	VERB
ijosar-1079	122	22	bad	bad	ADJ
ijosar-1079	122	23	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	122	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	122	25	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1079	122	26	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	122	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	122	28	moral	moral	ADJ
ijosar-1079	122	29	decay	decay	NOUN
ijosar-1079	122	30	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	122	31	leadership	leadership	NOUN
ijosar-1079	122	32	failure	failure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	122	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	122	34	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	122	35	collectively	collectively	ADV
ijosar-1079	122	36	stunt	stunt	VERB
ijosar-1079	122	37	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	122	38	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1079	122	39	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	123	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	123	2	jigawa	jigawa	PROPN
ijosar-1079	123	3	state	state	PROPN
ijosar-1079	123	4	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ijosar-1079	123	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	123	6	justice	justice	PROPN
ijosar-1079	123	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	123	8	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	123	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	123	10	adds	add	VERB
ijosar-1079	123	11	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	123	12	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	123	13	dimension	dimension	NOUN
ijosar-1079	123	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	123	15	asserting	assert	VERB
ijosar-1079	123	16	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	123	17	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	123	18	undermines	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	123	19	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	123	20	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	123	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	123	22	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	123	23	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	123	24	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	123	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	123	26	contributes	contribute	VERB
ijosar-1079	123	27	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	123	28	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	123	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	123	30	discourages	discourage	VERB
ijosar-1079	123	31	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	123	32	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	123	33	delays	delay	VERB
ijosar-1079	123	34	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	123	35	processes	process	NOUN
ijosar-1079	123	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	124	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	124	2	erosion	erosion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	124	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	124	4	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	124	5	has	have	VERB
ijosar-1079	124	6	grave	grave	ADJ
ijosar-1079	124	7	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	124	8	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	124	9	societal	societal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	124	10	stability	stability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	124	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	124	12	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	124	13	progress	progress	NOUN
ijosar-1079	124	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	124	15	thereby	thereby	ADV
ijosar-1079	124	16	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1079	124	17	hindering	hinder	VERB
ijosar-1079	124	18	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	124	19	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	124	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	125	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	125	2	summary	summary	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	125	4	key	key	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	6	identified	identify	VERB
ijosar-1079	125	7	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	125	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	125	9	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	125	11	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	12	loopholes	loophole	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	125	14	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	15	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	125	17	personnel	personnel	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	125	19	politicisation	politicisation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	125	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	24	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	125	26	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	27	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	28	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	125	30	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	31	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	32	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	125	33	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	34	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	35	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	125	36	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	37	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	125	38	societal	societal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	39	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	40	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	125	41	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	42	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	43	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1079	125	44	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	45	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	46	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	47	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	48	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	125	49	absence	absence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	50	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	125	51	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	52	will	will	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	53	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	125	54	sector	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	55	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	125	56	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	57	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1079	125	58	failures	failure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	125	59	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	126	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	126	2	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	126	3	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	126	4	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	126	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	126	6	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	126	7	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	126	8	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	126	9	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	126	10	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	126	11	significantly	significantly	ADV
ijosar-1079	126	12	impair	impair	VERB
ijosar-1079	126	13	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	126	14	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	126	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	127	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	127	2	compromises	compromise	VERB
ijosar-1079	127	3	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	127	4	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1079	127	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	127	6	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	127	7	stability	stability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	127	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	127	9	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	127	10	equity	equity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	127	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	127	12	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	127	13	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	127	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	128	1	until	until	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	128	2	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	128	3	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	128	4	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	128	5	implemented	implement	VERB
ijosar-1079	128	6	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	128	7	enhance	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1079	128	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	128	9	independence	independence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	128	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	128	11	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	128	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	128	13	credibility	credibility	NOUN
ijosar-1079	128	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	128	15	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	128	16	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	128	17	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	128	18	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	128	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	128	20	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	128	21	contribution	contribution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	128	22	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	128	23	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	128	24	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	128	25	will	will	AUX
ijosar-1079	128	26	remain	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	128	27	marginal	marginal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	128	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	129	1	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	129	2	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	129	3	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	129	4	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	129	5	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	130	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	130	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	130	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	131	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	131	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	131	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	131	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	131	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	131	6	5	5	NUM
ijosar-1079	131	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	131	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	131	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	131	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	131	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	131	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	131	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	131	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	131	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	131	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	131	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	131	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	131	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	131	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	131	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	131	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	132	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	133	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	134	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	134	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	135	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	135	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	135	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	135	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	136	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	136	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	136	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	136	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	136	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	136	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	136	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	136	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	136	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	136	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	136	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	136	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	136	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	136	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	136	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	136	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	136	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	136	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	136	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	136	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	136	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	136	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	136	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	136	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	136	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	136	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	136	33	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	136	34	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	35	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	136	36	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	37	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	136	38	grounded	ground	VERB
ijosar-1079	136	39	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	136	40	susan	susan	PROPN
ijosar-1079	136	41	rose	rose	PROPN
ijosar-1079	136	42	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	136	43	ackerman	ackerman	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	44	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	136	45	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	136	46	economy	economy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	47	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	48	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	136	49	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	50	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	136	51	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	136	52	offers	offer	VERB
ijosar-1079	136	53	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	136	54	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	136	55	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	136	56	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	136	57	explanation	explanation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	58	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	136	59	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	136	60	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	136	61	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	137	1	developed	develop	VERB
ijosar-1079	137	2	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	137	3	1978	1978	NUM
ijosar-1079	137	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	137	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	137	6	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1079	137	7	contends	contend	VERB
ijosar-1079	137	8	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	137	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	137	10	thrives	thrive	VERB
ijosar-1079	137	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	137	12	systems	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	137	13	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	137	14	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	137	15	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1079	137	16	wield	wield	VERB
ijosar-1079	137	17	significant	significant	ADJ
ijosar-1079	137	18	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
ijosar-1079	137	19	power	power	NOUN
ijosar-1079	137	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	137	21	monopolistic	monopolistic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	137	22	control	control	NOUN
ijosar-1079	137	23	over	over	ADP
ijosar-1079	137	24	state	state	NOUN
ijosar-1079	137	25	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1079	137	26	without	without	ADP
ijosar-1079	137	27	corresponding	correspond	VERB
ijosar-1079	137	28	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	137	29	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	137	30	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	137	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	138	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	138	2	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	138	3	environments	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	138	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	138	5	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	138	6	design	design	NOUN
ijosar-1079	138	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	138	8	rather	rather	ADV
ijosar-1079	138	9	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1079	138	10	individual	individual	ADJ
ijosar-1079	138	11	morality	morality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	138	12	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	138	13	central	central	ADJ
ijosar-1079	138	14	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	138	15	understanding	understand	VERB
ijosar-1079	138	16	why	why	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	138	17	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	138	18	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1079	138	19	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	138	20	prioritise	prioritise	VERB
ijosar-1079	138	21	self	self	NOUN
ijosar-1079	138	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	138	23	interest	interest	NOUN
ijosar-1079	138	24	over	over	ADP
ijosar-1079	138	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	138	26	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	138	27	good	good	NOUN
ijosar-1079	138	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	139	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	139	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	139	3	according	accord	VERB
ijosar-1079	139	4	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	139	5	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	139	6	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1079	139	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	139	8	emerges	emerge	VERB
ijosar-1079	139	9	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	139	10	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	139	11	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	139	12	personal	personal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	139	13	moral	moral	ADJ
ijosar-1079	139	14	failing	failing	NOUN
ijosar-1079	139	15	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	139	16	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	139	17	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	139	18	predictable	predictable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	139	19	outcome	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1079	139	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	139	21	flawed	flawed	ADJ
ijosar-1079	139	22	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	139	23	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	139	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	139	25	incentive	incentive	NOUN
ijosar-1079	139	26	structures	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	139	27	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	139	28	reward	reward	VERB
ijosar-1079	139	29	rent	rent	NOUN
ijosar-1079	139	30	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	139	31	seeking	seek	VERB
ijosar-1079	139	32	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ijosar-1079	139	33	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	139	34	allow	allow	VERB
ijosar-1079	139	35	impunity	impunity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	139	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	140	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	140	2	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	140	3	lens	lens	NOUN
ijosar-1079	140	4	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	140	5	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1079	140	6	relevant	relevant	ADJ
ijosar-1079	140	7	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	140	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	140	9	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	140	10	context	context	NOUN
ijosar-1079	140	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	140	12	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	140	13	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	140	14	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	140	15	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	140	16	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	140	17	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	140	18	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	140	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	140	20	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	140	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	140	22	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	140	23	crimes	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	140	24	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1079	140	25	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	140	26	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	140	27	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	140	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	140	29	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	140	30	independent	independent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	140	31	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	140	32	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	140	33	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	140	34	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	140	35	related	related	ADJ
ijosar-1079	140	36	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	140	37	commission	commission	NOUN
ijosar-1079	140	38	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	140	39	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	140	40	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	140	41	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	140	42	operate	operate	VERB
ijosar-1079	140	43	under	under	ADP
ijosar-1079	140	44	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	140	45	shadow	shadow	NOUN
ijosar-1079	140	46	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	140	47	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	140	48	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	140	49	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	141	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	141	2	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	141	3	formal	formal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	141	4	mandates	mandate	NOUN
ijosar-1079	141	5	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	141	6	investigate	investigate	VERB
ijosar-1079	141	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	141	8	prosecute	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	141	9	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	141	10	acts	act	NOUN
ijosar-1079	141	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	141	12	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	141	13	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	141	14	face	face	VERB
ijosar-1079	141	15	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	141	16	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ijosar-1079	141	17	stemming	stem	VERB
ijosar-1079	141	18	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	141	19	selective	selective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	141	20	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	141	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	141	22	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	141	23	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	141	24	prosecutorial	prosecutorial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	141	25	independence	independence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	141	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	141	27	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	141	28	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	141	29	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	141	30	elites	elite	NOUN
ijosar-1079	141	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	142	1	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	142	2	broad	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1079	142	3	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
ijosar-1079	142	4	powers	power	NOUN
ijosar-1079	142	5	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	142	6	frequently	frequently	ADV
ijosar-1079	142	7	exercised	exercise	VERB
ijosar-1079	142	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	142	9	opaque	opaque	ADJ
ijosar-1079	142	10	ways	way	NOUN
ijosar-1079	142	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	142	12	undermined	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	142	13	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1079	142	14	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	142	15	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	142	16	oversight	oversight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	142	17	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	142	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	142	19	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	142	20	internal	internal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	142	21	controls	control	NOUN
ijosar-1079	142	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	143	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	143	2	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	143	3	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	143	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	143	5	rather	rather	ADV
ijosar-1079	143	6	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1079	143	7	isolated	isolated	ADJ
ijosar-1079	143	8	missteps	misstep	NOUN
ijosar-1079	143	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	143	10	reflect	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1079	143	11	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	143	12	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1079	143	13	power	power	NOUN
ijosar-1079	143	14	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	143	15	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	143	16	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	143	17	elites	elite	NOUN
ijosar-1079	143	18	strategically	strategically	ADV
ijosar-1079	143	19	weaken	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	143	20	anticorruption	anticorruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	143	21	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	143	22	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	143	23	serve	serve	VERB
ijosar-1079	143	24	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	143	25	interests	interest	NOUN
ijosar-1079	143	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	144	1	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1079	144	2	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	144	3	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	144	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	144	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	144	6	persistence	persistence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	144	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	144	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	144	9	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	144	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	144	11	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	144	12	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	144	13	incidental	incidental	ADJ
ijosar-1079	144	14	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	144	15	symptomatic	symptomatic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	144	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	144	17	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	144	18	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	144	19	structure	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	144	20	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	144	21	discourages	discourage	VERB
ijosar-1079	144	22	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	144	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	144	24	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	144	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	145	1	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	145	2	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1079	145	3	meant	mean	VERB
ijosar-1079	145	4	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	145	5	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	145	6	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	145	7	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	145	8	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	145	9	healthcare	healthcare	NOUN
ijosar-1079	145	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	145	11	education	education	NOUN
ijosar-1079	145	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	145	13	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	145	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	145	15	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	145	16	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	145	17	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	145	18	routinely	routinely	ADV
ijosar-1079	145	19	diverted	divert	VERB
ijosar-1079	145	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	145	21	eroding	erode	VERB
ijosar-1079	145	22	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	145	23	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	145	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	145	25	deterring	deter	VERB
ijosar-1079	145	26	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	145	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	145	28	weakening	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	145	29	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	145	30	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	145	31	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	145	32	state	state	NOUN
ijosar-1079	145	33	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	145	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	146	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	146	2	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	146	3	decay	decay	NOUN
ijosar-1079	146	4	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
ijosar-1079	146	5	constrains	constrain	VERB
ijosar-1079	146	6	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	146	7	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	146	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	146	9	entrenches	entrench	VERB
ijosar-1079	146	10	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	146	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	146	12	inefficiency	inefficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	146	13	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	146	14	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	146	15	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	146	16	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	146	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	147	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	147	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	147	3	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	147	4	economy	economy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	147	5	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1079	147	6	provides	provide	VERB
ijosar-1079	147	7	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	147	8	powerful	powerful	ADJ
ijosar-1079	147	9	analytical	analytical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	147	10	tool	tool	NOUN
ijosar-1079	147	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	147	12	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	147	13	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	147	14	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	147	15	without	without	ADP
ijosar-1079	147	16	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	147	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	148	1	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1079	148	2	reliance	reliance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	148	3	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	148	4	rational	rational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	148	5	choice	choice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	148	6	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	148	7	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	148	8	oversimplify	oversimplify	VERB
ijosar-1079	148	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	148	10	complex	complex	ADJ
ijosar-1079	148	11	motivations	motivation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	148	12	behind	behind	ADP
ijosar-1079	148	13	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	148	14	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ijosar-1079	148	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	148	16	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1079	148	17	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	148	18	culturally	culturally	ADV
ijosar-1079	148	19	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ijosar-1079	148	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	148	21	socially	socially	ADV
ijosar-1079	148	22	stratified	stratified	ADJ
ijosar-1079	148	23	contexts	context	NOUN
ijosar-1079	148	24	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1079	148	25	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	148	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	149	1	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	149	2	focusing	focus	VERB
ijosar-1079	149	3	primarily	primarily	ADV
ijosar-1079	149	4	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	149	5	formal	formal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	149	6	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	149	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	149	8	incentive	incentive	NOUN
ijosar-1079	149	9	structures	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	149	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	149	11	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	149	12	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1079	149	13	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	149	14	neglect	neglect	VERB
ijosar-1079	149	15	informal	informal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	149	16	networks	network	NOUN
ijosar-1079	149	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	149	18	patronage	patronage	NOUN
ijosar-1079	149	19	systems	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	149	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	149	21	socio	socio	NOUN
ijosar-1079	149	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	149	23	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	149	24	norms	norm	NOUN
ijosar-1079	149	25	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	149	26	perpetuate	perpetuate	VERB
ijosar-1079	149	27	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	149	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	150	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ijosar-1079	150	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	150	3	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	150	4	does	do	AUX
ijosar-1079	150	5	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	150	6	fully	fully	ADV
ijosar-1079	150	7	address	address	VERB
ijosar-1079	150	8	underlying	underlie	VERB
ijosar-1079	150	9	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	150	10	issues	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	150	11	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	150	12	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	150	13	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ijosar-1079	150	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	150	15	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	150	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	150	17	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	150	18	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	150	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	150	20	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	150	21	can	can	AUX
ijosar-1079	150	22	drive	drive	VERB
ijosar-1079	150	23	individuals	individual	NOUN
ijosar-1079	150	24	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	150	25	engage	engage	VERB
ijosar-1079	150	26	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	150	27	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	150	28	acts	act	NOUN
ijosar-1079	150	29	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	150	30	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	150	31	survival	survival	NOUN
ijosar-1079	150	32	strategy	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	150	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	151	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	151	2	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	151	3	critiques	critique	NOUN
ijosar-1079	151	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	151	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	151	6	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1079	151	7	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	151	8	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	151	9	robust	robust	ADJ
ijosar-1079	151	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	151	11	pragmatic	pragmatic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	151	12	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	151	13	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	151	14	understanding	understand	VERB
ijosar-1079	151	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	151	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	151	17	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
ijosar-1079	151	18	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	151	19	impede	impede	VERB
ijosar-1079	151	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	151	21	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	151	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	151	23	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	151	24	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	151	25	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	151	26	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	151	27	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	151	28	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	151	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	152	1	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	152	2	emphasises	emphasise	VERB
ijosar-1079	152	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	152	4	need	need	NOUN
ijosar-1079	152	5	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	152	6	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	152	7	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	152	8	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	152	9	promote	promote	VERB
ijosar-1079	152	10	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	152	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	152	12	reduce	reduce	VERB
ijosar-1079	152	13	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	152	14	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	152	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	152	16	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
ijosar-1079	152	17	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	152	18	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	152	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	153	1	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1079	153	2	importantly	importantly	ADV
ijosar-1079	153	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	153	4	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	153	5	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1079	153	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	153	7	necessity	necessity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	153	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	153	9	redesigning	redesign	VERB
ijosar-1079	153	10	incentive	incentive	NOUN
ijosar-1079	153	11	systems	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	153	12	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	153	13	reward	reward	VERB
ijosar-1079	153	14	ethical	ethical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	153	15	conduct	conduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	153	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	153	17	impose	impose	VERB
ijosar-1079	153	18	real	real	ADJ
ijosar-1079	153	19	penalties	penalty	NOUN
ijosar-1079	153	20	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	153	21	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN
ijosar-1079	153	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	154	1	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	154	2	shifting	shift	VERB
ijosar-1079	154	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	154	4	focus	focus	NOUN
ijosar-1079	154	5	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	154	6	individual	individual	ADJ
ijosar-1079	154	7	culpability	culpability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	154	8	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	154	9	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	154	10	dysfunction	dysfunction	NOUN
ijosar-1079	154	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	154	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	154	13	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1079	154	14	enables	enable	VERB
ijosar-1079	154	15	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	154	16	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1079	154	17	grounded	grounded	ADJ
ijosar-1079	154	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	154	19	strategic	strategic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	154	20	approach	approach	NOUN
ijosar-1079	154	21	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	154	22	combating	combat	VERB
ijosar-1079	154	23	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	154	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	154	25	fostering	foster	VERB
ijosar-1079	154	26	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	154	27	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	154	28	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	154	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	155	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	155	2	essence	essence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	155	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	155	4	rose	rose	NOUN
ijosar-1079	155	5	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	155	6	ackerman	ackerman	NOUN
ijosar-1079	155	7	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	155	8	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	155	9	economy	economy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	155	10	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1079	155	11	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	155	12	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	155	13	enhances	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1079	155	14	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	155	15	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	155	16	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	155	17	illuminating	illuminate	VERB
ijosar-1079	155	18	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	155	19	deep	deep	ADV
ijosar-1079	155	20	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	155	21	rooted	root	VERB
ijosar-1079	155	22	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	155	23	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	155	24	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	155	25	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	155	26	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	155	27	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	155	28	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	155	29	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	155	30	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	155	31	face	face	NOUN
ijosar-1079	155	32	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	156	1	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	156	2	provides	provide	VERB
ijosar-1079	156	3	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	156	4	compelling	compelling	ADJ
ijosar-1079	156	5	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	156	6	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	156	7	linking	link	VERB
ijosar-1079	156	8	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	156	9	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	156	10	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	156	11	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	156	12	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	156	13	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1079	156	14	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	156	15	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	156	16	objectives	objective	NOUN
ijosar-1079	156	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	156	18	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	156	19	recommending	recommend	VERB
ijosar-1079	156	20	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	156	21	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	156	22	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	156	23	both	both	PRON
ijosar-1079	156	24	structurally	structurally	ADV
ijosar-1079	156	25	sound	sound	ADJ
ijosar-1079	156	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	156	27	contextually	contextually	ADV
ijosar-1079	156	28	relevant	relevant	ADJ
ijosar-1079	156	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	157	1	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	157	2	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	157	3	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	157	4	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	157	5	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	158	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	158	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	158	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	159	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	159	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	159	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	159	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	159	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	159	6	6	6	NUM
ijosar-1079	159	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	159	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	159	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	159	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	159	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	159	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	159	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	159	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	159	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	159	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	159	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	159	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	159	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	159	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	159	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	159	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	160	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	161	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	162	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	162	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	163	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	163	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	163	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	163	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	164	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	164	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	164	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	164	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	164	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	164	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	164	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	164	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	164	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	164	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	164	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	164	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	164	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	164	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	164	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	164	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	164	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	164	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	164	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	164	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	164	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	164	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	164	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	164	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	164	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	164	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	164	33	iv.materials	iv.material	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	34	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	164	35	methods	method	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	36	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	164	37	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	38	utilised	utilise	VERB
ijosar-1079	164	39	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ijosar-1079	164	40	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	41	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	164	42	examine	examine	VERB
ijosar-1079	164	43	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	164	44	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	45	confronting	confront	VERB
ijosar-1079	164	46	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	164	47	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	164	48	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	164	49	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	50	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	164	51	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	164	52	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	164	53	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	164	54	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	55	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	164	56	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	164	57	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	58	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	164	59	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	164	60	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	164	61	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	165	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	165	2	choice	choice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	165	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	165	4	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ijosar-1079	165	5	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	165	6	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	165	7	justified	justify	VERB
ijosar-1079	165	8	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	165	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	165	10	availability	availability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	165	11	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	165	12	extensive	extensive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	165	13	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1079	165	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	165	15	official	official	ADJ
ijosar-1079	165	16	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	165	17	documents	document	NOUN
ijosar-1079	165	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	165	19	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	165	20	reports	report	NOUN
ijosar-1079	165	21	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	165	22	provide	provide	VERB
ijosar-1079	165	23	detailed	detailed	ADJ
ijosar-1079	165	24	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	165	25	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1079	165	26	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	165	27	structure	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	165	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	165	29	operations	operation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	165	30	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	165	31	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	165	32	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	165	33	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	165	34	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	165	35	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	165	36	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	165	37	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	165	38	bodies	body	NOUN
ijosar-1079	165	39	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	166	1	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	166	2	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	166	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	166	4	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	166	5	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	166	6	sourced	source	VERB
ijosar-1079	166	7	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	166	8	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	166	9	broad	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1079	166	10	spectrum	spectrum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	166	11	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	166	12	credible	credible	ADJ
ijosar-1079	166	13	materials	material	NOUN
ijosar-1079	166	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	166	15	including	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	166	16	peer	peer	NOUN
ijosar-1079	166	17	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	166	18	reviewed	review	VERB
ijosar-1079	166	19	academic	academic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	166	20	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	166	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	166	22	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ijosar-1079	166	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	166	24	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	166	25	statutes	statute	NOUN
ijosar-1079	166	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	166	27	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	166	28	documents	document	NOUN
ijosar-1079	166	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	167	1	additional	additional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	167	2	sources	source	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	3	comprised	comprise	VERB
ijosar-1079	167	4	reports	report	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	5	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	167	6	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	167	7	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	167	8	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	167	9	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	10	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	167	11	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	167	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	167	13	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	167	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	167	15	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	167	16	crimes	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	17	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1079	167	18	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	167	19	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	167	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	167	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	167	22	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	167	23	independent	independent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	167	24	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	167	25	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	167	27	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	167	28	related	related	ADJ
ijosar-1079	167	29	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	30	commission	commission	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	31	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	167	32	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	167	33	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	167	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	167	35	alongside	alongside	ADP
ijosar-1079	167	36	publications	publication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	37	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	167	38	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1079	167	39	organisations	organisation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	40	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	167	41	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	167	42	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	167	43	world	world	PROPN
ijosar-1079	167	44	bank	bank	PROPN
ijosar-1079	167	45	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	167	46	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	47	international	international	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	48	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	167	49	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	167	50	united	united	PROPN
ijosar-1079	167	51	nations	nations	PROPN
ijosar-1079	167	52	office	office	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	53	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	167	54	drugs	drug	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	55	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	167	56	crime	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	167	57	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	168	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	168	2	materials	material	NOUN
ijosar-1079	168	3	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	168	4	supplemented	supplement	VERB
ijosar-1079	168	5	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	168	6	academic	academic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	168	7	theses	theses	PROPN
ijosar-1079	168	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	168	9	media	medium	NOUN
ijosar-1079	168	10	reports	report	NOUN
ijosar-1079	168	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	168	12	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	168	13	analyses	analysis	NOUN
ijosar-1079	168	14	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	168	15	offer	offer	VERB
ijosar-1079	168	16	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
ijosar-1079	168	17	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1079	168	18	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	168	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	168	20	performance	performance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	168	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	168	22	independence	independence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	168	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	168	24	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	168	25	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	168	26	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	168	27	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	168	28	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	168	29	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	168	30	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	168	31	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	168	32	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	168	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	169	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	169	2	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	169	3	applied	apply	VERB
ijosar-1079	169	4	thematic	thematic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	169	5	content	content	NOUN
ijosar-1079	169	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ijosar-1079	169	7	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	169	8	identify	identify	VERB
ijosar-1079	169	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	169	10	interpret	interpret	VERB
ijosar-1079	169	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	169	12	organise	organise	VERB
ijosar-1079	169	13	recurring	recur	VERB
ijosar-1079	169	14	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ijosar-1079	169	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	169	16	ideas	idea	NOUN
ijosar-1079	169	17	relevant	relevant	ADJ
ijosar-1079	169	18	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	169	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	169	20	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	169	21	focus	focus	NOUN
ijosar-1079	169	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	170	1	although	although	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	170	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	170	3	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	170	4	does	do	AUX
ijosar-1079	170	5	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	170	6	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
ijosar-1079	170	7	primary	primary	ADJ
ijosar-1079	170	8	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	170	9	collection	collection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	170	10	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1079	170	11	field	field	NOUN
ijosar-1079	170	12	surveys	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1079	170	13	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	170	14	interviews	interview	NOUN
ijosar-1079	170	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	170	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	170	17	breadth	breadth	NOUN
ijosar-1079	170	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	170	19	depth	depth	NOUN
ijosar-1079	170	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	170	21	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	170	22	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ijosar-1079	170	23	sources	source	NOUN
ijosar-1079	170	24	used	use	VERB
ijosar-1079	170	25	ensure	ensure	VERB
ijosar-1079	170	26	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	170	27	credibility	credibility	NOUN
ijosar-1079	170	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	170	29	reliability	reliability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	170	30	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	170	31	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	170	32	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	170	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	171	1	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	171	2	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
ijosar-1079	171	3	potential	potential	ADJ
ijosar-1079	171	4	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	171	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	171	6	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	171	7	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	171	8	reporting	report	VERB
ijosar-1079	171	9	bias	bias	NOUN
ijosar-1079	171	10	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	171	11	inconsistencies	inconsistency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	171	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	171	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	171	14	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	171	15	triangulated	triangulate	VERB
ijosar-1079	171	16	information	information	NOUN
ijosar-1079	171	17	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1079	171	18	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ijosar-1079	171	19	authoritative	authoritative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	171	20	sources	source	NOUN
ijosar-1079	171	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	171	22	thereby	thereby	ADV
ijosar-1079	171	23	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
ijosar-1079	171	24	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	171	25	validity	validity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	171	26	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	171	27	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	171	28	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	171	29	drawn	draw	VERB
ijosar-1079	171	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	172	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	172	2	methodological	methodological	ADJ
ijosar-1079	172	3	approach	approach	NOUN
ijosar-1079	172	4	adopted	adopt	VERB
ijosar-1079	172	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	172	6	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	172	7	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	172	8	thus	thus	ADV
ijosar-1079	172	9	provides	provide	VERB
ijosar-1079	172	10	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	172	11	solid	solid	ADJ
ijosar-1079	172	12	foundation	foundation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	172	13	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	172	14	exploring	explore	VERB
ijosar-1079	172	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	172	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	172	17	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
ijosar-1079	172	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	172	19	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	172	20	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	172	21	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	172	22	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	172	23	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	172	24	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	172	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	172	26	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	172	27	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1079	172	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	172	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	172	30	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	172	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	172	32	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	172	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	173	1	v.	v.	ADP
ijosar-1079	173	2	results	result	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	3	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	4	i	i	PRON
ijosar-1079	173	5	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	173	6	snapshot	snapshot	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	173	8	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1079	173	9	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	173	10	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	12	allegations	allegation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	173	14	prosecutions	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	15	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	173	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	173	17	s	s	PROPN
ijosar-1079	173	18	/	/	SYM
ijosar-1079	173	19	n	n	PRON
ijosar-1079	173	20	individuals	individual	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	21	involved	involve	VERB
ijosar-1079	173	22	period	period	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	23	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	24	amount	amount	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	25	involved	involve	VERB
ijosar-1079	173	26	action	action	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	27	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	173	28	antigraft	antigraft	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	29	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	30	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	173	31	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	173	32	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	173	33	matter	matter	NOUN
ijosar-1079	173	34	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	173	35	resolved	resolve	VERB
ijosar-1079	173	36	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1079	173	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	174	1	godwin	godwin	PROPN
ijosar-1079	174	2	emefiele	emefiele	PROPN
ijosar-1079	174	3	2014	2014	NUM
ijosar-1079	174	4	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	174	5	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	174	6	alleged	allege	VERB
ijosar-1079	174	7	abuse	abuse	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	174	9	office	office	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	174	11	forex	forex	ADJ
ijosar-1079	174	12	fraud	fraud	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	174	14	procurement	procurement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	15	fraud	fraud	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	174	17	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	174	18	cash	cash	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	19	withdrawals	withdrawal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	20	over	over	ADP
ijosar-1079	174	21	n1.2	n1.2	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	22	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	174	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	174	24	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ijosar-1079	174	25	investigations	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	26	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1079	174	27	larger	large	ADJ
ijosar-1079	174	28	sums	sum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	29	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	174	30	arrested	arrest	VERB
ijosar-1079	174	31	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	174	32	dss	dss	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	174	34	later	later	ADV
ijosar-1079	174	35	charged	charge	VERB
ijosar-1079	174	36	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	174	37	efcc	efcc	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	38	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	174	39	granted	grant	VERB
ijosar-1079	174	40	bail	bail	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	41	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	174	42	case	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	43	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ijosar-1079	174	44	2	2	NUM
ijosar-1079	174	45	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	174	46	diezani	diezani	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	47	alisonmadueke	alisonmadueke	VERB
ijosar-1079	174	48	2010	2010	NUM
ijosar-1079	174	49	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	174	50	2015	2015	NUM
ijosar-1079	174	51	money	money	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	52	laundering	laundering	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	53	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	174	54	embezzlement	embezzlement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	55	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	174	56	awarding	award	VERB
ijosar-1079	174	57	dubious	dubious	ADJ
ijosar-1079	174	58	contracts	contract	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	59	over	over	ADP
ijosar-1079	174	60	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1079	174	61	115	115	NUM
ijosar-1079	174	62	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1079	174	63	+	+	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	174	64	n23.3	n23.3	NUM
ijosar-1079	174	65	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	174	66	efcc	efcc	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	67	seized	seize	VERB
ijosar-1079	174	68	properties	property	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	69	worth	worth	ADJ
ijosar-1079	174	70	billions	billion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	71	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	174	72	extradition	extradition	NOUN
ijosar-1079	174	73	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	174	74	uk	uk	PROPN
ijosar-1079	174	75	still	still	ADV
ijosar-1079	174	76	pending	pende	VERB
ijosar-1079	174	77	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	174	78	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	175	1	abba	abba	PROPN
ijosar-1079	175	2	kyari	kyari	PROPN
ijosar-1079	175	3	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1079	175	4	alleged	allege	VERB
ijosar-1079	175	5	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	6	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	175	7	internet	internet	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	8	fraud	fraud	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	9	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	175	10	hushpuppi	hushpuppi	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	11	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1079	175	12	1.1	1.1	NUM
ijosar-1079	175	13	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1079	175	14	suspended	suspend	VERB
ijosar-1079	175	15	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	175	16	police	police	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	175	18	arrested	arrest	VERB
ijosar-1079	175	19	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	175	20	ndlea	ndlea	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	21	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	175	22	separate	separate	ADJ
ijosar-1079	175	23	drug	drug	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	24	charges	charge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	175	26	case	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	27	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ijosar-1079	175	28	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1079	175	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	175	30	abdulrashee	abdulrashee	PROPN
ijosar-1079	175	31	d	d	PROPN
ijosar-1079	175	32	maina	maina	PROPN
ijosar-1079	175	33	2010	2010	NUM
ijosar-1079	175	34	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	175	35	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1079	175	36	pension	pension	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	37	fund	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	38	fraud	fraud	PROPN
ijosar-1079	175	39	n195billion	n195billion	PROPN
ijosar-1079	175	40	arrested	arrest	VERB
ijosar-1079	175	41	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	175	42	prosecuted	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	175	43	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	175	44	sentenced	sentence	VERB
ijosar-1079	175	45	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	175	46	8	8	NUM
ijosar-1079	175	47	years	year	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	48	imprisonment	imprisonment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	49	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	50	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	175	51	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	52	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	175	53	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	176	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	176	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	176	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	177	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	177	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	177	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	177	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	177	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	177	6	7	7	NUM
ijosar-1079	177	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	177	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	177	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	177	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	177	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	177	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	177	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	177	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	177	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	177	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	177	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	177	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	177	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	177	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	177	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	177	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	178	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	179	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	180	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	180	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	181	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	181	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	181	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	181	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	182	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	182	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	182	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	182	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	182	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	182	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	182	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	182	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	182	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	182	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	182	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	182	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	182	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	182	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	182	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	182	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	182	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	182	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	182	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	182	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	182	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	182	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	182	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	182	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	182	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	182	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	182	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	182	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	182	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	182	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	182	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	182	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	182	33	5	5	NUM
ijosar-1079	182	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	182	35	stella	stella	PROPN
ijosar-1079	182	36	oduah	oduah	PROPN
ijosar-1079	182	37	2011	2011	NUM
ijosar-1079	182	38	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	182	39	2014	2014	NUM
ijosar-1079	182	40	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	182	41	contracts	contract	NOUN
ijosar-1079	182	42	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	182	43	money	money	NOUN
ijosar-1079	182	44	laundering	launder	VERB
ijosar-1079	182	45	n9.4	n9.4	NOUN
ijosar-1079	182	46	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	182	47	under	under	ADP
ijosar-1079	182	48	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	182	49	investigation	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	182	50	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	182	51	later	later	ADV
ijosar-1079	182	52	arraigned	arraign	VERB
ijosar-1079	182	53	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	182	54	court	court	NOUN
ijosar-1079	182	55	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	182	56	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	182	57	6	6	NUM
ijosar-1079	182	58	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	183	1	lamido	lamido	PROPN
ijosar-1079	183	2	sanusi	sanusi	PROPN
ijosar-1079	183	3	2013	2013	NUM
ijosar-1079	183	4	whistleblowing	whistleblowe	VERB
ijosar-1079	183	5	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	183	6	missing	miss	VERB
ijosar-1079	183	7	oil	oil	NOUN
ijosar-1079	183	8	revenue	revenue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	183	9	n20billion	n20billion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	183	10	suspended	suspend	VERB
ijosar-1079	183	11	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	183	12	cbn	cbn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	183	13	governor	governor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	183	14	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	183	15	no	no	DET
ijosar-1079	183	16	formal	formal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	183	17	charges	charge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	183	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	183	19	allegations	allegation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	183	20	politically	politically	ADV
ijosar-1079	183	21	sensitive	sensitive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	183	22	7	7	NUM
ijosar-1079	183	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	183	24	farouk	farouk	PROPN
ijosar-1079	183	25	lawan	lawan	PROPN
ijosar-1079	183	26	2012	2012	NUM
ijosar-1079	183	27	collection	collection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	183	28	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	183	29	bribes	bribe	NOUN
ijosar-1079	183	30	during	during	ADP
ijosar-1079	183	31	fuel	fuel	NOUN
ijosar-1079	183	32	subsidy	subsidy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	183	33	probe	probe	VERB
ijosar-1079	183	34	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1079	183	35	500,000	500,000	NUM
ijosar-1079	183	36	out	out	ADP
ijosar-1079	183	37	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	183	38	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1079	183	39	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	183	40	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1079	183	41	prosecuted	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	183	42	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	183	43	sentenced	sentence	VERB
ijosar-1079	183	44	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	183	45	7	7	NUM
ijosar-1079	183	46	years	year	NOUN
ijosar-1079	183	47	imprisonment	imprisonment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	183	48	8	8	NUM
ijosar-1079	183	49	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	184	1	ghaji	ghaji	PROPN
ijosar-1079	184	2	rahila	rahila	PROPN
ijosar-1079	184	3	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	184	4	national	national	PROPN
ijosar-1079	184	5	boundary	boundary	PROPN
ijosar-1079	184	6	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1079	184	7	staff	staff	NOUN
ijosar-1079	184	8	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	184	9	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1079	184	10	money	money	NOUN
ijosar-1079	184	11	laundering	laundering	NOUN
ijosar-1079	184	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	184	13	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	184	14	transactions	transaction	NOUN
ijosar-1079	184	15	prosecuted	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	184	16	at	at	ADP
ijosar-1079	184	17	federal	federal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	184	18	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1079	184	19	court	court	NOUN
ijosar-1079	184	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	184	21	abuja	abuja	PROPN
ijosar-1079	184	22	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	184	23	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	184	24	9	9	NUM
ijosar-1079	184	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	185	1	david	david	PROPN
ijosar-1079	185	2	umahi	umahi	PROPN
ijosar-1079	185	3	2015	2015	NUM
ijosar-1079	185	4	alleged	allege	VERB
ijosar-1079	185	5	diversion	diversion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	185	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	185	7	election	election	NOUN
ijosar-1079	185	8	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	185	9	n400	n400	PROPN
ijosar-1079	185	10	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1079	185	11	efcc	efcc	NOUN
ijosar-1079	185	12	confiscated	confiscate	VERB
ijosar-1079	185	13	property	property	NOUN
ijosar-1079	185	14	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	185	15	case	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	185	16	under	under	ADP
ijosar-1079	185	17	investigation	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	185	18	10	10	NUM
ijosar-1079	185	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	186	1	godswill	godswill	NOUN
ijosar-1079	186	2	akpabio	akpabio	ADP
ijosar-1079	186	3	2007	2007	NUM
ijosar-1079	186	4	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	186	5	2015	2015	NUM
ijosar-1079	186	6	alleged	allege	VERB
ijosar-1079	186	7	diversion	diversion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	186	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	186	9	state	state	NOUN
ijosar-1079	186	10	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	186	11	n100	n100	PROPN
ijosar-1079	186	12	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	186	13	efcc	efcc	NOUN
ijosar-1079	186	14	investigations	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	186	15	ongoing	ongoing	VERB
ijosar-1079	186	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	186	17	no	no	DET
ijosar-1079	186	18	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	186	19	yet	yet	ADV
ijosar-1079	186	20	11	11	NUM
ijosar-1079	186	21	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	187	1	lt	lt	PRON
ijosar-1079	187	2	gen	gen	PROPN
ijosar-1079	187	3	azubuike	azubuike	PROPN
ijosar-1079	187	4	ihejirika	ihejirika	X
ijosar-1079	187	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	187	6	retd	retd	NOUN
ijosar-1079	187	7	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	187	8	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	188	1	2016	2016	NUM
ijosar-1079	188	2	arms	arm	NOUN
ijosar-1079	188	3	procurement	procurement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	188	4	scandal	scandal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	188	5	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1079	188	6	2.1	2.1	NUM
ijosar-1079	188	7	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	188	8	arrested	arrest	VERB
ijosar-1079	188	9	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	188	10	dss	dss	NOUN
ijosar-1079	188	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	188	12	released	release	VERB
ijosar-1079	188	13	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	188	14	bail	bail	NOUN
ijosar-1079	188	15	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	188	16	case	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	188	17	still	still	ADV
ijosar-1079	188	18	under	under	ADP
ijosar-1079	188	19	investigation	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	188	20	12	12	NUM
ijosar-1079	188	21	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	189	1	orji	orji	PROPN
ijosar-1079	189	2	uzor	uzor	PROPN
ijosar-1079	189	3	kalu	kalu	PROPN
ijosar-1079	189	4	1999	1999	NUM
ijosar-1079	189	5	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	189	6	2007	2007	NUM
ijosar-1079	189	7	money	money	NOUN
ijosar-1079	189	8	laundering	launder	VERB
ijosar-1079	189	9	n3.2	n3.2	NOUN
ijosar-1079	189	10	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	189	11	convicted	convict	VERB
ijosar-1079	189	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	189	13	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1079	189	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	189	15	sentenced	sentence	VERB
ijosar-1079	189	16	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	189	17	12	12	NUM
ijosar-1079	189	18	years	year	NOUN
ijosar-1079	189	19	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	189	20	conviction	conviction	NOUN
ijosar-1079	189	21	later	later	ADV
ijosar-1079	189	22	overturned	overturn	VERB
ijosar-1079	189	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	189	24	retrial	retrial	NOUN
ijosar-1079	189	25	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ijosar-1079	189	26	13	13	NUM
ijosar-1079	189	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	190	1	adebayo	adebayo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	190	2	alao	alao	PROPN
ijosar-1079	190	3	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	190	4	akala	akala	PROPN
ijosar-1079	190	5	2007	2007	NUM
ijosar-1079	190	6	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	190	7	2011	2011	NUM
ijosar-1079	190	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	190	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	190	10	contract	contract	NOUN
ijosar-1079	190	11	fraud	fraud	NOUN
ijosar-1079	190	12	n11.5	n11.5	PROPN
ijosar-1079	190	13	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	190	14	prosecuted	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	190	15	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	190	16	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	190	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	190	18	case	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	190	19	stalled	stall	VERB
ijosar-1079	190	20	before	before	ADP
ijosar-1079	190	21	his	his	PRON
ijosar-1079	190	22	death	death	NOUN
ijosar-1079	190	23	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	190	24	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	190	25	14	14	NUM
ijosar-1079	190	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	191	1	joshua	joshua	PROPN
ijosar-1079	191	2	dariye	dariye	PROPN
ijosar-1079	191	3	1999	1999	NUM
ijosar-1079	191	4	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	191	5	2007	2007	NUM
ijosar-1079	191	6	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	191	7	convicted	convict	VERB
ijosar-1079	191	8	2018	2018	NUM
ijosar-1079	191	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	191	10	diversion	diversion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	191	11	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	191	12	ecological	ecological	ADJ
ijosar-1079	191	13	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	191	14	n1.126	n1.126	NOUN
ijosar-1079	191	15	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	191	16	sentenced	sentence	VERB
ijosar-1079	191	17	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	191	18	10	10	NUM
ijosar-1079	191	19	years	year	NOUN
ijosar-1079	191	20	imprisonment	imprisonment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	191	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	191	22	later	later	ADV
ijosar-1079	191	23	pardoned	pardon	VERB
ijosar-1079	191	24	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	191	25	fg	fg	PRON
ijosar-1079	191	26	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	191	27	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	191	28	15	15	NUM
ijosar-1079	191	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	192	1	jolly	jolly	ADV
ijosar-1079	192	2	nyame	nyame	VERB
ijosar-1079	192	3	1999	1999	NUM
ijosar-1079	192	4	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	192	5	2007	2007	NUM
ijosar-1079	192	6	misappropriation	misappropriation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	192	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	192	8	state	state	NOUN
ijosar-1079	192	9	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	192	10	n1.64	n1.64	PROPN
ijosar-1079	192	11	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	192	12	sentenced	sentence	VERB
ijosar-1079	192	13	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	192	14	14	14	NUM
ijosar-1079	192	15	years	year	NOUN
ijosar-1079	192	16	imprisonment	imprisonment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	192	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	192	18	later	later	ADV
ijosar-1079	192	19	pardoned	pardon	VERB
ijosar-1079	192	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	192	21	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	192	22	16	16	NUM
ijosar-1079	192	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	193	1	sambo	sambo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	193	2	dasuki	dasuki	PROPN
ijosar-1079	193	3	2015	2015	NUM
ijosar-1079	193	4	arms	arm	NOUN
ijosar-1079	193	5	deal	deal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	193	6	scandal	scandal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	193	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	193	8	diversion	diversion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	193	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	193	10	military	military	ADJ
ijosar-1079	193	11	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	193	12	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1079	193	13	2.1	2.1	NUM
ijosar-1079	193	14	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	193	15	detained	detain	VERB
ijosar-1079	193	16	without	without	ADP
ijosar-1079	193	17	trial	trial	NOUN
ijosar-1079	193	18	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	193	19	years	year	NOUN
ijosar-1079	193	20	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	193	21	later	later	ADV
ijosar-1079	193	22	granted	grant	VERB
ijosar-1079	193	23	bail	bail	NOUN
ijosar-1079	193	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	193	25	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	193	26	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ijosar-1079	193	27	17	17	NUM
ijosar-1079	193	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	194	1	bukola	bukola	PROPN
ijosar-1079	194	2	saraki	saraki	NOUN
ijosar-1079	194	3	2003	2003	NUM
ijosar-1079	194	4	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	194	5	2011	2011	NUM
ijosar-1079	194	6	false	false	ADJ
ijosar-1079	194	7	asset	asset	NOUN
ijosar-1079	194	8	declaration	declaration	NOUN
ijosar-1079	194	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	194	10	money	money	NOUN
ijosar-1079	194	11	laundering	launder	VERB
ijosar-1079	194	12	n3.5	n3.5	PROPN
ijosar-1079	194	13	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	194	14	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	194	15	alleged	alleged	ADJ
ijosar-1079	194	16	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	194	17	trial	trial	NOUN
ijosar-1079	194	18	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	194	19	cct	cct	PROPN
ijosar-1079	194	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	194	21	discharged	discharge	VERB
ijosar-1079	194	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	194	23	acquitted	acquit	VERB
ijosar-1079	194	24	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	194	25	supreme	supreme	PROPN
ijosar-1079	194	26	court	court	PROPN
ijosar-1079	194	27	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	194	28	2018	2018	NUM
ijosar-1079	194	29	18	18	NUM
ijosar-1079	194	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	195	1	patience	patience	NOUN
ijosar-1079	195	2	jonathan	jonathan	PROPN
ijosar-1079	195	3	2009	2009	NUM
ijosar-1079	195	4	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	195	5	2015	2015	NUM
ijosar-1079	195	6	money	money	NOUN
ijosar-1079	195	7	laundering	laundering	NOUN
ijosar-1079	195	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	195	9	unjust	unjust	ADJ
ijosar-1079	195	10	enrichment	enrichment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	195	11	over	over	ADP
ijosar-1079	195	12	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1079	195	13	20	20	NUM
ijosar-1079	195	14	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1079	195	15	efcc	efcc	NOUN
ijosar-1079	195	16	froze	freeze	VERB
ijosar-1079	195	17	accounts	account	NOUN
ijosar-1079	195	18	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	195	19	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	195	20	battle	battle	NOUN
ijosar-1079	195	21	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ijosar-1079	195	22	over	over	ADP
ijosar-1079	195	23	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	195	24	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	195	25	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	195	26	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	195	27	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	196	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	196	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	196	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	197	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	197	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	197	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	197	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	197	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	197	6	8	8	NUM
ijosar-1079	197	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	197	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	197	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	197	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	197	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	197	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	197	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	197	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	197	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	197	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	197	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	197	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	197	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	197	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	197	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	197	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	198	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	199	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	200	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	200	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	201	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	201	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	201	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	201	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	202	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	202	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	202	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	202	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	202	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	202	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	202	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	202	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	202	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	202	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	202	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	202	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	202	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	202	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	202	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	202	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	202	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	202	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	202	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	202	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	202	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	202	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	202	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	202	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	202	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	202	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	202	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	202	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	202	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	202	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	202	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	202	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	202	33	fund	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	202	34	ownership	ownership	NOUN
ijosar-1079	202	35	19	19	NUM
ijosar-1079	202	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	203	1	nsimaekere	nsimaekere	NOUN
ijosar-1079	203	2	2016	2016	NUM
ijosar-1079	203	3	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	203	4	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1079	203	5	diversion	diversion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	203	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	203	7	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	203	8	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	203	9	serving	serve	VERB
ijosar-1079	203	10	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	203	11	nddc	nddc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	203	12	md	md	PROPN
ijosar-1079	203	13	n47	n47	PROPN
ijosar-1079	203	14	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	203	15	arrested	arrest	VERB
ijosar-1079	203	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	203	17	investigated	investigate	VERB
ijosar-1079	203	18	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	203	19	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	203	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	203	21	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	203	22	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	203	23	case	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	203	24	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ijosar-1079	203	25	20	20	NUM
ijosar-1079	203	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	204	1	senator	senator	PROPN
ijosar-1079	204	2	bassey	bassey	PROPN
ijosar-1079	204	3	albert	albert	PROPN
ijosar-1079	204	4	akpan	akpan	PROPN
ijosar-1079	204	5	2010	2010	NUM
ijosar-1079	204	6	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	204	7	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	204	8	receiving	receive	VERB
ijosar-1079	204	9	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
ijosar-1079	204	10	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	204	11	bribes	bribe	NOUN
ijosar-1079	204	12	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	204	13	serving	serve	VERB
ijosar-1079	204	14	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	204	15	akwa	akwa	ADJ
ijosar-1079	204	16	ibom	ibom	ADJ
ijosar-1079	204	17	finance	finance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	204	18	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
ijosar-1079	204	19	n204	n204	PROPN
ijosar-1079	204	20	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1079	204	21	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	204	22	value	value	NOUN
ijosar-1079	204	23	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	204	24	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
ijosar-1079	204	25	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	204	26	prosecuted	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	204	27	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	204	28	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	204	29	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	204	30	convicted	convict	VERB
ijosar-1079	204	31	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	204	32	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	204	33	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	204	34	sentenced	sentence	VERB
ijosar-1079	204	35	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	204	36	42	42	NUM
ijosar-1079	204	37	years	year	NOUN
ijosar-1079	204	38	imprisonment	imprisonment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	204	39	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	204	40	later	later	ADV
ijosar-1079	204	41	released	release	VERB
ijosar-1079	204	42	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	204	43	bail	bail	NOUN
ijosar-1079	204	44	pending	pende	VERB
ijosar-1079	204	45	appeal	appeal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	204	46	21	21	NUM
ijosar-1079	204	47	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	205	1	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	205	2	emmanuel	emmanuel	PROPN
ijosar-1079	205	3	2015	2015	NUM
ijosar-1079	205	4	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	205	5	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	205	6	alleged	allege	VERB
ijosar-1079	205	7	diversion	diversion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	205	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	205	9	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	205	10	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	205	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	205	12	irregular	irregular	ADJ
ijosar-1079	205	13	contracts	contract	NOUN
ijosar-1079	205	14	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	205	15	claims	claim	NOUN
ijosar-1079	205	16	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	205	17	opposition	opposition	NOUN
ijosar-1079	205	18	groups	group	NOUN
ijosar-1079	205	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	205	20	petitions	petition	NOUN
ijosar-1079	205	21	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	205	22	billions	billion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	205	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	205	24	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	205	25	clearly	clearly	ADV
ijosar-1079	205	26	quantified	quantify	VERB
ijosar-1079	205	27	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	206	1	no	no	DET
ijosar-1079	206	2	formal	formal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	206	3	charges	charge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	4	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	206	5	efcc	efcc	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	6	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	206	7	petitions	petition	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	8	reportedly	reportedly	ADV
ijosar-1079	206	9	submitted	submit	VERB
ijosar-1079	206	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	206	11	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	206	12	no	no	DET
ijosar-1079	206	13	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	14	initiated	initiate	VERB
ijosar-1079	206	15	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	206	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	206	17	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	206	18	source	source	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	19	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	206	20	compiled	compile	VERB
ijosar-1079	206	21	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	206	22	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	206	23	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	206	24	essoh	essoh	PROPN
ijosar-1079	206	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	206	26	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	206	27	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	206	28	daniel	daniel	PROPN
ijosar-1079	206	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	206	30	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	206	31	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	206	32	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	206	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	206	34	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	206	35	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	206	36	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	206	37	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	206	38	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	39	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1079	206	40	presents	present	VERB
ijosar-1079	206	41	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	206	42	snapshot	snapshot	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	43	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	206	44	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1079	206	45	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	206	46	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	47	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	48	allegations	allegation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	49	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	206	50	prosecutions	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	51	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	206	52	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	206	53	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	206	54	highlighting	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1079	206	55	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	206	56	pervasiveness	pervasiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	57	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	206	58	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	206	59	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	60	among	among	ADP
ijosar-1079	206	61	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	206	62	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	63	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1079	206	64	various	various	ADJ
ijosar-1079	206	65	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	66	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	206	67	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	206	68	eras	era	NOUN
ijosar-1079	206	69	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	207	1	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	207	2	reflects	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1079	207	3	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	207	4	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	207	5	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	207	6	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	207	7	cuts	cut	VERB
ijosar-1079	207	8	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1079	207	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	207	10	judiciary	judiciary	NOUN
ijosar-1079	207	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	207	12	security	security	NOUN
ijosar-1079	207	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	207	14	finance	finance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	207	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	207	16	oil	oil	NOUN
ijosar-1079	207	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	207	18	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	207	19	administration	administration	NOUN
ijosar-1079	207	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	208	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	208	2	billions	billion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	208	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	208	4	naira	naira	NOUN
ijosar-1079	208	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	208	6	dollars	dollar	NOUN
ijosar-1079	208	7	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	208	8	allegedly	allegedly	ADV
ijosar-1079	208	9	misappropriated	misappropriate	VERB
ijosar-1079	208	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	208	11	laundered	launder	VERB
ijosar-1079	208	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	208	13	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	208	14	embezzled	embezzle	VERB
ijosar-1079	208	15	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	208	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	208	17	listed	list	VERB
ijosar-1079	208	18	individuals	individual	NOUN
ijosar-1079	208	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	208	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	208	21	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1079	208	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	208	23	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	208	24	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	208	25	underscore	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1079	208	26	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	208	27	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	208	28	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	208	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	208	30	inconsistencies	inconsistency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	208	31	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	208	32	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	208	33	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	208	34	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	208	35	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	208	36	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	208	37	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	208	38	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	209	1	some	some	DET
ijosar-1079	209	2	individuals	individual	NOUN
ijosar-1079	209	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	209	4	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1079	209	5	abdul	abdul	PROPN
ijosar-1079	209	6	rasheed	rasheed	PROPN
ijosar-1079	209	7	maina	maina	PROPN
ijosar-1079	209	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	209	9	senator	senator	PROPN
ijosar-1079	209	10	bassey	bassey	PROPN
ijosar-1079	209	11	albert	albert	PROPN
ijosar-1079	209	12	akpan	akpan	PROPN
ijosar-1079	209	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	209	14	faced	face	VERB
ijosar-1079	209	15	full	full	ADJ
ijosar-1079	209	16	prosecutions	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	209	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	209	18	convictions	conviction	NOUN
ijosar-1079	209	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	209	20	suggesting	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1079	209	21	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	209	22	measure	measure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	209	23	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	209	24	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	209	25	resolve	resolve	NOUN
ijosar-1079	209	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	210	1	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1079	210	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	210	3	many	many	ADJ
ijosar-1079	210	4	others	other	NOUN
ijosar-1079	210	5	either	either	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	210	6	remain	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	210	7	under	under	ADP
ijosar-1079	210	8	investigation	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	210	9	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	210	10	no	no	DET
ijosar-1079	210	11	clear	clear	ADJ
ijosar-1079	210	12	resolution	resolution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	210	13	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	210	14	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	210	15	had	have	VERB
ijosar-1079	210	16	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	210	17	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	210	18	stalled	stall	VERB
ijosar-1079	210	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	210	20	overturned	overturn	VERB
ijosar-1079	210	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	210	22	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	210	23	dismissed	dismiss	VERB
ijosar-1079	210	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	210	25	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	210	26	under	under	ADP
ijosar-1079	210	27	controversial	controversial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	210	28	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	210	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	211	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	211	2	frequent	frequent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	211	3	granting	granting	NOUN
ijosar-1079	211	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	211	5	bail	bail	NOUN
ijosar-1079	211	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	211	7	protracted	protract	VERB
ijosar-1079	211	8	trials	trial	NOUN
ijosar-1079	211	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	211	10	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	211	11	some	some	DET
ijosar-1079	211	12	instances	instance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	211	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	211	14	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	211	15	pardons	pardon	NOUN
ijosar-1079	211	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	211	17	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	211	18	seen	see	VERB
ijosar-1079	211	19	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	211	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	211	21	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	211	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	211	23	joshua	joshua	PROPN
ijosar-1079	211	24	dariye	dariye	PROPN
ijosar-1079	211	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	211	26	jolly	jolly	ADV
ijosar-1079	211	27	nyame	nyame	NOUN
ijosar-1079	211	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	211	29	indicate	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1079	211	30	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	211	31	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	211	32	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	211	33	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	211	34	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	211	35	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	211	36	uneven	uneven	ADJ
ijosar-1079	211	37	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	211	38	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	211	39	subject	subject	ADJ
ijosar-1079	211	40	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	211	41	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	211	42	influence	influence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	211	43	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	212	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ijosar-1079	212	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	212	3	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	212	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	212	5	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	212	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	212	7	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ijosar-1079	212	8	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	212	9	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	212	10	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	212	11	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	212	12	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	212	13	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	212	14	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	212	15	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	212	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	212	17	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	212	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	212	19	dss	dss	NOUN
ijosar-1079	212	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	212	21	even	even	ADV
ijosar-1079	212	22	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ijosar-1079	212	23	governments	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	212	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	212	25	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	212	26	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	212	27	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	212	28	case	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	212	29	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	212	30	diezani	diezani	PROPN
ijosar-1079	212	31	alison	alison	PROPN
ijosar-1079	212	32	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	212	33	madueke	madueke	ADJ
ijosar-1079	212	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	212	35	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1079	212	36	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	212	37	frequently	frequently	ADV
ijosar-1079	212	38	failed	fail	VERB
ijosar-1079	212	39	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	212	40	match	match	VERB
ijosar-1079	212	41	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	212	42	gravity	gravity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	212	43	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	212	44	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	212	45	allegations	allegation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	212	46	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	213	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	213	2	absence	absence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	213	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	213	4	formal	formal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	213	5	charges	charge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	213	6	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	213	7	some	some	DET
ijosar-1079	213	8	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	213	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	213	10	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	213	11	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	213	12	petitions	petition	NOUN
ijosar-1079	213	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	213	14	media	medium	NOUN
ijosar-1079	213	15	coverage	coverage	NOUN
ijosar-1079	213	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	213	17	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1079	213	18	exposes	expose	VERB
ijosar-1079	213	19	gaps	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1079	213	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	213	21	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	213	22	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	213	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	213	24	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	213	25	will	will	NOUN
ijosar-1079	213	26	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	213	27	confront	confront	VERB
ijosar-1079	213	28	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	213	29	comprehensively	comprehensively	ADV
ijosar-1079	213	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	214	1	overall	overall	ADV
ijosar-1079	214	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	214	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	214	4	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1079	214	5	reflects	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1079	214	6	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	214	7	troubling	troubling	ADJ
ijosar-1079	214	8	pattern	pattern	NOUN
ijosar-1079	214	9	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	214	10	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	214	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	214	12	has	have	VERB
ijosar-1079	214	13	structures	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	214	14	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	214	15	place	place	NOUN
ijosar-1079	214	16	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	214	17	combat	combat	NOUN
ijosar-1079	214	18	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	214	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	214	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	214	21	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	214	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	214	23	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	214	24	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	214	25	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	214	26	undermined	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	214	27	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	214	28	selective	selective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	214	29	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	214	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	214	31	procedural	procedural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	214	32	delays	delay	NOUN
ijosar-1079	214	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	214	34	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	214	35	rivalry	rivalry	NOUN
ijosar-1079	214	36	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	214	37	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	214	38	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	214	39	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	214	40	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	214	41	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	215	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	215	2	factors	factor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	215	3	collectively	collectively	ADV
ijosar-1079	215	4	weaken	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	215	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	215	6	credibility	credibility	NOUN
ijosar-1079	215	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	215	8	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	215	9	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	215	10	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	215	11	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	215	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	215	13	diminish	diminish	VERB
ijosar-1079	215	14	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	215	15	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	215	16	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	215	17	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	215	18	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	215	19	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	215	20	commitment	commitment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	215	21	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	215	22	genuine	genuine	ADJ
ijosar-1079	215	23	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	215	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	216	1	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	216	2	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	216	3	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	216	4	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	216	5	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	217	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	217	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	217	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	218	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	218	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	218	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	218	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	218	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	218	6	9	9	NUM
ijosar-1079	218	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	218	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	218	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	218	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	218	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	218	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	218	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	218	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	218	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	218	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	218	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	218	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	218	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	218	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	218	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	218	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	219	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	220	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	221	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	221	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	222	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	222	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	222	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	222	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	223	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	223	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	223	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	223	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	223	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	223	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	223	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	223	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	223	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	223	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	223	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	223	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	223	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	223	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	223	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	223	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	223	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	223	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	223	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	223	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	223	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	223	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	223	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	223	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	223	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	223	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	223	33	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	34	ii	ii	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	35	major	major	ADJ
ijosar-1079	223	36	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	37	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	223	38	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	223	39	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	223	40	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	223	41	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	42	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	223	43	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	223	44	s	s	PART
ijosar-1079	223	45	/	/	SYM
ijosar-1079	223	46	n	n	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	47	challenges	challenge	VERB
ijosar-1079	223	48	description	description	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	49	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	50	effort	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	51	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1079	223	52	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	223	53	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	223	54	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	55	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	223	56	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	223	57	declarations	declaration	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	58	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	223	59	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	60	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	223	61	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	223	62	-	-	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	63	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	64	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	223	65	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	223	66	leaders	leader	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	67	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	223	68	interfere	interfere	VERB
ijosar-1079	223	69	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	223	70	investigations	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	71	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	223	72	especially	especially	ADV
ijosar-1079	223	73	when	when	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	223	74	allies	ally	NOUN
ijosar-1079	223	75	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	223	76	involved	involve	VERB
ijosar-1079	223	77	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	224	1	selective	selective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	224	2	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	224	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	224	4	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	224	5	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	224	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	224	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	224	8	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	224	9	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	224	10	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	224	11	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	224	12	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	224	13	erode	erode	VERB
ijosar-1079	224	14	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	224	15	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	224	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	225	1	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	225	2	claims	claim	VERB
ijosar-1079	225	3	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	225	4	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	225	5	given	give	VERB
ijosar-1079	225	6	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	225	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	225	8	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	225	9	independence	independence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	225	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	225	11	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	225	12	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	225	13	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	225	14	selective	selective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	225	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	226	1	calls	call	NOUN
ijosar-1079	226	2	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	226	3	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	226	4	safeguards	safeguard	NOUN
ijosar-1079	226	5	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	226	6	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	226	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	226	8	persist	persist	VERB
ijosar-1079	226	9	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	227	1	2	2	X
ijosar-1079	227	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	227	3	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	227	4	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	227	5	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	227	6	delays	delay	NOUN
ijosar-1079	227	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	227	8	trials	trial	NOUN
ijosar-1079	227	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	227	10	frequent	frequent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	227	11	adjournments	adjournment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	227	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	227	13	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	227	14	technicalities	technicality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	227	15	allow	allow	VERB
ijosar-1079	227	16	suspects	suspect	NOUN
ijosar-1079	227	17	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	227	18	evade	evade	VERB
ijosar-1079	227	19	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	227	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	228	1	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1079	228	2	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	228	3	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1079	228	4	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	228	5	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
ijosar-1079	228	6	take	take	VERB
ijosar-1079	228	7	years	year	NOUN
ijosar-1079	228	8	without	without	ADP
ijosar-1079	228	9	resolution	resolution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	228	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	228	11	weakening	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	228	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	228	13	deterrent	deterrent	NOUN
ijosar-1079	228	14	effect	effect	NOUN
ijosar-1079	228	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	229	1	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	229	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	229	3	special	special	ADJ
ijosar-1079	229	4	anticorruption	anticorruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	229	5	courts	court	NOUN
ijosar-1079	229	6	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	229	7	some	some	DET
ijosar-1079	229	8	states	state	NOUN
ijosar-1079	229	9	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	229	10	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1079	229	11	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	229	12	judges	judge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	229	13	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	229	14	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	229	15	crimes	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	229	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	230	1	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	230	2	still	still	ADV
ijosar-1079	230	3	slow	slow	VERB
ijosar-1079	230	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	231	1	3	3	X
ijosar-1079	231	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	231	3	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	231	4	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	231	5	many	many	ADJ
ijosar-1079	231	6	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	231	7	lack	lack	VERB
ijosar-1079	231	8	modern	modern	ADJ
ijosar-1079	231	9	investigative	investigative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	231	10	tools	tool	NOUN
ijosar-1079	231	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	231	12	forensic	forensic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	231	13	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	231	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	231	15	data	data	NOUN
ijosar-1079	231	16	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	231	17	sharing	share	VERB
ijosar-1079	231	18	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	231	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	231	20	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	231	21	hampers	hamper	VERB
ijosar-1079	231	22	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	231	23	tracking	tracking	NOUN
ijosar-1079	231	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	231	25	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	231	26	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	231	27	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	231	28	acts	act	NOUN
ijosar-1079	231	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	232	1	some	some	DET
ijosar-1079	232	2	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1079	232	3	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1079	232	4	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1079	232	5	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
ijosar-1079	232	6	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	232	7	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ijosar-1079	232	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	232	9	unodc	unodc	ADJ
ijosar-1079	232	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	232	11	eu	eu	PROPN
ijosar-1079	232	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	232	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	232	14	periodic	periodic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	232	15	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1079	232	16	programmes	programme	NOUN
ijosar-1079	232	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	233	1	budget	budget	NOUN
ijosar-1079	233	2	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ijosar-1079	233	3	limit	limit	VERB
ijosar-1079	233	4	scalability	scalability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	233	5	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	234	1	4	4	X
ijosar-1079	234	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	234	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	234	4	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1079	234	5	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	234	6	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	234	7	some	some	DET
ijosar-1079	234	8	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1079	234	9	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	234	10	police	police	NOUN
ijosar-1079	234	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	234	12	customs	custom	NOUN
ijosar-1079	234	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	234	14	even	even	ADV
ijosar-1079	234	15	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	234	16	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	234	17	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	234	18	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	234	19	themselves	themselves	PRON
ijosar-1079	234	20	engage	engage	VERB
ijosar-1079	234	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	234	22	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	234	23	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	234	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	234	25	undermining	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	234	26	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	234	27	fight	fight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	234	28	against	against	ADP
ijosar-1079	234	29	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	234	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	235	1	periodic	periodic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	235	2	staff	staff	NOUN
ijosar-1079	235	3	vetting	vetting	NOUN
ijosar-1079	235	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	235	5	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	235	6	complaints	complaint	NOUN
ijosar-1079	235	7	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	235	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	235	9	code	code	NOUN
ijosar-1079	235	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	235	11	conduct	conduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	235	12	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	235	13	—	—	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	235	14	though	though	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	235	15	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	235	16	consistently	consistently	ADV
ijosar-1079	235	17	applied	apply	VERB
ijosar-1079	235	18	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	236	1	5	5	X
ijosar-1079	236	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	236	3	inter	inter	ADJ
ijosar-1079	236	4	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	236	5	agency	agency	ADJ
ijosar-1079	236	6	rivalry	rivalry	NOUN
ijosar-1079	236	7	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	236	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	236	9	coordination	coordination	NOUN
ijosar-1079	236	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	236	11	unhealthy	unhealthy	ADJ
ijosar-1079	236	12	competition	competition	NOUN
ijosar-1079	236	13	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1079	236	14	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	236	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	236	16	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	236	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	236	18	dss	dss	NOUN
ijosar-1079	236	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	236	20	police	police	NOUN
ijosar-1079	236	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	236	22	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	236	23	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	236	24	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	236	25	leads	lead	VERB
ijosar-1079	236	26	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	236	27	duplication	duplication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	236	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	236	29	sabotage	sabotage	NOUN
ijosar-1079	236	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	236	31	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	236	32	abandonment	abandonment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	236	33	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	236	34	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	236	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	237	1	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	237	2	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	237	3	enhance	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1079	237	4	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
ijosar-1079	237	5	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1079	237	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	237	7	inter	inter	ADJ
ijosar-1079	237	8	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	237	9	agency	agency	ADJ
ijosar-1079	237	10	task	task	NOUN
ijosar-1079	237	11	team	team	NOUN
ijosar-1079	237	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	237	13	iatt	iatt	PROPN
ijosar-1079	237	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	237	15	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	237	16	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1079	237	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	237	18	turf	turf	NOUN
ijosar-1079	237	19	wars	war	NOUN
ijosar-1079	237	20	still	still	ADV
ijosar-1079	237	21	persist	persist	VERB
ijosar-1079	237	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	238	1	6	6	X
ijosar-1079	238	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	238	3	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	238	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	238	5	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	238	6	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1079	238	7	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	238	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	238	9	fear	fear	NOUN
ijosar-1079	238	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	238	11	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	238	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	238	13	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	238	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	238	15	whistle	whistle	NOUN
ijosar-1079	238	16	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	238	17	blower	blower	NOUN
ijosar-1079	238	18	protection	protection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	238	19	discourage	discourage	VERB
ijosar-1079	238	20	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ijosar-1079	238	21	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	238	22	reporting	report	VERB
ijosar-1079	238	23	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	238	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	239	1	whistle	whistle	NOUN
ijosar-1079	239	2	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	239	3	blower	blower	NOUN
ijosar-1079	239	4	protection	protection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	239	5	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	239	6	launched	launch	VERB
ijosar-1079	239	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	239	8	2016	2016	NUM
ijosar-1079	239	9	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	239	10	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1079	239	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	239	12	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	239	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	239	14	protection	protection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	239	15	remain	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	239	16	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	239	17	7	7	NUM
ijosar-1079	239	18	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	239	19	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
ijosar-1079	239	20	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	239	21	budgetary	budgetary	ADJ
ijosar-1079	239	22	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ijosar-1079	239	23	limit	limit	VERB
ijosar-1079	239	24	operations	operation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	239	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	239	26	investigations	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	239	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	239	28	prosecutions	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	239	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	240	1	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	240	2	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	240	3	lack	lack	VERB
ijosar-1079	240	4	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1079	240	5	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	240	6	technology	technology	NOUN
ijosar-1079	240	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	240	8	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1079	240	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	240	10	logistics	logistic	NOUN
ijosar-1079	240	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	241	1	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	241	2	allocates	allocate	VERB
ijosar-1079	241	3	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	241	4	yearly	yearly	ADV
ijosar-1079	241	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	241	6	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	241	7	releases	release	NOUN
ijosar-1079	241	8	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	241	9	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	241	10	delayed	delay	VERB
ijosar-1079	241	11	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	241	12	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
ijosar-1079	241	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	242	1	external	external	ADJ
ijosar-1079	242	2	donor	donor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	242	3	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1079	242	4	occasionally	occasionally	ADV
ijosar-1079	242	5	supplements	supplement	VERB
ijosar-1079	242	6	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	242	7	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	243	1	8	8	X
ijosar-1079	243	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	243	3	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	243	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	243	5	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	243	6	will	will	AUX
ijosar-1079	243	7	inconsistent	inconsistent	VERB
ijosar-1079	243	8	commitment	commitment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	243	9	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	243	10	leadership	leadership	NOUN
ijosar-1079	243	11	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	243	12	genuinely	genuinely	ADV
ijosar-1079	243	13	pursue	pursue	VERB
ijosar-1079	243	14	anticorruption	anticorruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	243	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	243	16	especially	especially	ADV
ijosar-1079	243	17	when	when	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	243	18	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	243	19	implicates	implicate	VERB
ijosar-1079	243	20	elites	elite	NOUN
ijosar-1079	243	21	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	243	22	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	243	23	allies	ally	NOUN
ijosar-1079	243	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	244	1	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	244	2	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	244	3	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	244	4	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
ijosar-1079	244	5	common	common	ADJ
ijosar-1079	244	6	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	244	7	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ijosar-1079	244	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	244	9	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	244	10	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	244	11	against	against	ADP
ijosar-1079	244	12	top	top	ADJ
ijosar-1079	244	13	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1079	244	14	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	244	15	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	244	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	245	1	some	some	DET
ijosar-1079	245	2	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	245	3	under	under	ADP
ijosar-1079	245	4	pressure	pressure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	245	5	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	245	6	civil	civil	ADJ
ijosar-1079	245	7	society	society	NOUN
ijosar-1079	245	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	245	9	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ijosar-1079	245	10	partners	partner	NOUN
ijosar-1079	245	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	246	1	9	9	X
ijosar-1079	246	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	246	3	absence	absence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	246	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	246	5	stringent	stringent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	246	6	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	246	7	lenient	lenient	ADJ
ijosar-1079	246	8	sentencing	sentencing	NOUN
ijosar-1079	246	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	246	10	plea	plea	NOUN
ijosar-1079	246	11	bargains	bargain	NOUN
ijosar-1079	246	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	246	13	presidential	presidential	ADJ
ijosar-1079	246	14	pardons	pardon	NOUN
ijosar-1079	246	15	dilute	dilute	VERB
ijosar-1079	246	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	246	17	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	246	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	246	19	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	246	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	247	1	some	some	DET
ijosar-1079	247	2	review	review	NOUN
ijosar-1079	247	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	247	4	sentencing	sentencing	NOUN
ijosar-1079	247	5	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	247	6	under	under	ADP
ijosar-1079	247	7	judiciary	judiciary	NOUN
ijosar-1079	247	8	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	247	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	247	10	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	247	11	executive	executive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	247	12	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	247	13	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	247	14	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ijosar-1079	247	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	247	16	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	247	17	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	247	18	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	247	19	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	247	20	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	248	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	248	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	248	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	249	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	249	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	249	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	249	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	249	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	249	6	10	10	NUM
ijosar-1079	249	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	249	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	249	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	249	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	249	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	249	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	249	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	249	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	249	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	249	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	249	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	249	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	249	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	249	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	249	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	249	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	250	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	251	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	252	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	252	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	253	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	253	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	253	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	253	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	254	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	254	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	254	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	254	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	254	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	254	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	254	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	254	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	254	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	254	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	254	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	254	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	254	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	254	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	254	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	254	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	254	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	254	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	254	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	254	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	254	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	254	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	254	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	254	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	254	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	254	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	254	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	254	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	254	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	254	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	254	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	254	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	254	33	ofanticorruption	ofanticorruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	254	34	punitive	punitive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	254	35	measures	measure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	254	36	presidential	presidential	ADJ
ijosar-1079	254	37	pardons	pardon	NOUN
ijosar-1079	254	38	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	254	39	undermines	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	254	40	consistency	consistency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	254	41	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	255	1	10	10	NUM
ijosar-1079	255	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	255	3	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ijosar-1079	255	4	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	255	5	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	255	6	outdated	outdated	ADJ
ijosar-1079	255	7	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	255	8	vague	vague	ADJ
ijosar-1079	255	9	laws	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	255	10	make	make	VERB
ijosar-1079	255	11	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	255	12	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ijosar-1079	255	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	255	14	especially	especially	ADV
ijosar-1079	255	15	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	255	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	255	17	evolution	evolution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	255	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	255	19	cyber	cyber	NOUN
ijosar-1079	255	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	255	21	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	255	22	crimes	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	255	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	256	1	some	some	DET
ijosar-1079	256	2	updates	update	NOUN
ijosar-1079	256	3	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1079	256	4	laws	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	256	5	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1079	256	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	256	7	proceeds	proceed	NOUN
ijosar-1079	256	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	256	9	crime	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	256	10	act	act	NOUN
ijosar-1079	256	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	256	12	poca	poca	PROPN
ijosar-1079	256	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	256	14	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	256	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	256	16	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	256	17	further	further	ADJ
ijosar-1079	256	18	legislative	legislative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	256	19	updates	update	NOUN
ijosar-1079	256	20	needed	need	VERB
ijosar-1079	256	21	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	257	1	11	11	NUM
ijosar-1079	257	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	257	3	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1079	257	4	recordkeeping	recordkeeping	NOUN
ijosar-1079	257	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	257	6	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	257	7	management	management	NOUN
ijosar-1079	257	8	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	257	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	257	10	centralized	centralized	ADJ
ijosar-1079	257	11	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	257	12	systems	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	257	13	hinders	hinder	VERB
ijosar-1079	257	14	tracking	tracking	NOUN
ijosar-1079	257	15	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	257	16	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	257	17	flows	flow	NOUN
ijosar-1079	257	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	257	19	repeat	repeat	VERB
ijosar-1079	257	20	offenders	offender	NOUN
ijosar-1079	257	21	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	258	1	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	258	2	introduced	introduce	VERB
ijosar-1079	258	3	integrated	integrate	VERB
ijosar-1079	258	4	payroll	payroll	NOUN
ijosar-1079	258	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	258	6	personnel	personnel	NOUN
ijosar-1079	258	7	information	information	NOUN
ijosar-1079	258	8	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	258	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	258	10	ippis	ippis	ADJ
ijosar-1079	258	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	258	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	258	13	bvn	bvn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	258	14	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	258	15	digital	digital	ADJ
ijosar-1079	258	16	case	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	258	17	systems	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	258	18	remain	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	258	19	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1079	258	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	258	21	reach	reach	NOUN
ijosar-1079	258	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	259	1	12	12	NUM
ijosar-1079	259	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	260	1	security	security	NOUN
ijosar-1079	260	2	threats	threat	NOUN
ijosar-1079	260	3	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	260	4	investigators	investigator	NOUN
ijosar-1079	260	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	260	6	witnesses	witness	VERB
ijosar-1079	260	7	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	260	8	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	260	9	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	260	10	personnel	personnel	NOUN
ijosar-1079	260	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	260	12	whistleblowers	whistleblower	NOUN
ijosar-1079	260	13	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	260	14	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	260	15	threatened	threaten	VERB
ijosar-1079	260	16	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	260	17	harmed	harm	VERB
ijosar-1079	260	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	260	19	creating	create	VERB
ijosar-1079	260	20	fear	fear	NOUN
ijosar-1079	260	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	260	22	compromising	compromise	VERB
ijosar-1079	260	23	investigations	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	260	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	261	1	whistle	whistle	NOUN
ijosar-1079	261	2	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	261	3	blower	blower	NOUN
ijosar-1079	261	4	protection	protection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	261	5	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	261	6	exists	exist	VERB
ijosar-1079	261	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	261	8	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	261	9	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	261	10	legally	legally	ADV
ijosar-1079	261	11	entrenched	entrench	VERB
ijosar-1079	261	12	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	261	13	no	no	DET
ijosar-1079	261	14	robust	robust	ADJ
ijosar-1079	261	15	witness	witness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	261	16	protection	protection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	261	17	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	261	18	currently	currently	ADV
ijosar-1079	261	19	functional	functional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	261	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	262	1	source	source	NOUN
ijosar-1079	262	2	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	262	3	compiled	compile	VERB
ijosar-1079	262	4	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	262	5	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	262	6	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	262	7	essoh	essoh	PROPN
ijosar-1079	262	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	262	9	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	262	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	262	11	daniel	daniel	PROPN
ijosar-1079	262	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	262	13	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	262	14	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	262	15	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	262	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	262	17	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	262	18	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	262	19	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	262	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	262	21	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1079	262	22	provides	provide	VERB
ijosar-1079	262	23	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	262	24	detailed	detailed	ADJ
ijosar-1079	262	25	overview	overview	NOUN
ijosar-1079	262	26	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	262	27	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	262	28	major	major	ADJ
ijosar-1079	262	29	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	262	30	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	262	31	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	262	32	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	262	33	confronting	confront	VERB
ijosar-1079	262	34	antigraft	antigraft	NOUN
ijosar-1079	262	35	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	262	36	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	262	37	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	262	38	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	262	39	revealing	reveal	VERB
ijosar-1079	262	40	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	262	41	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	262	42	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ijosar-1079	262	43	collectively	collectively	ADV
ijosar-1079	262	44	hinder	hinder	VERB
ijosar-1079	262	45	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	262	46	country	country	NOUN
ijosar-1079	262	47	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	262	48	fight	fight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	262	49	against	against	ADP
ijosar-1079	262	50	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	262	51	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	263	1	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	263	2	highlights	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1079	263	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	263	4	deeply	deeply	ADV
ijosar-1079	263	5	embedded	embed	VERB
ijosar-1079	263	6	issues	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	263	7	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	263	8	compromise	compromise	VERB
ijosar-1079	263	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	263	10	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	263	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	263	12	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	263	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	263	14	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1079	263	15	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	263	16	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	263	17	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	263	18	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	263	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	263	20	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	263	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	263	22	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	263	23	crimes	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	263	24	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1079	263	25	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	263	26	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	263	27	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	263	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	263	29	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	263	30	independent	independent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	263	31	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	263	32	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	263	33	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	263	34	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	263	35	related	related	ADJ
ijosar-1079	263	36	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	263	37	commission	commission	NOUN
ijosar-1079	263	38	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	263	39	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	263	40	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	263	41	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	264	1	one	one	NUM
ijosar-1079	264	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	264	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	264	4	most	most	ADV
ijosar-1079	264	5	pressing	pressing	ADJ
ijosar-1079	264	6	concerns	concern	NOUN
ijosar-1079	264	7	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	264	8	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	264	9	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	264	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	264	11	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	264	12	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	264	13	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1079	264	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	264	15	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1079	264	16	those	those	PRON
ijosar-1079	264	17	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	264	18	power	power	NOUN
ijosar-1079	264	19	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	264	20	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	264	21	strong	strong	ADJ
ijosar-1079	264	22	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	264	23	connections	connection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	264	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	264	25	influence	influence	VERB
ijosar-1079	264	26	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	264	27	direction	direction	NOUN
ijosar-1079	264	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	264	29	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1079	264	30	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	264	31	investigations	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	264	32	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	265	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	265	2	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	265	3	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1079	265	4	fosters	foster	VERB
ijosar-1079	265	5	selective	selective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	265	6	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	265	7	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	265	8	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1079	265	9	severely	severely	ADV
ijosar-1079	265	10	undermines	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	265	11	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	265	12	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	265	13	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	265	14	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	265	15	independence	independence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	265	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	265	17	credibility	credibility	NOUN
ijosar-1079	265	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	265	19	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	265	20	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	265	21	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	265	22	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	265	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	266	1	although	although	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	266	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	266	3	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	266	4	proclaims	proclaim	VERB
ijosar-1079	266	5	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	266	6	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	266	7	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	266	8	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	266	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	266	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	266	11	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	266	12	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	266	13	enforceable	enforceable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	266	14	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	266	15	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	266	16	means	mean	VERB
ijosar-1079	266	17	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	266	18	independence	independence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	266	19	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	266	20	largely	largely	ADV
ijosar-1079	266	21	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	266	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	267	1	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	267	2	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	267	3	compound	compound	VERB
ijosar-1079	267	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	267	5	problem	problem	NOUN
ijosar-1079	267	6	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	268	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	268	2	courts	court	NOUN
ijosar-1079	268	3	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	268	4	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	268	5	plagued	plague	VERB
ijosar-1079	268	6	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	268	7	delays	delay	NOUN
ijosar-1079	268	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	268	9	frequent	frequent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	268	10	adjournments	adjournment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	268	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	268	12	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	268	13	technicalities	technicality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	268	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	268	15	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	268	16	allow	allow	VERB
ijosar-1079	268	17	many	many	ADJ
ijosar-1079	268	18	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1079	268	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	268	20	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1079	268	21	suspects	suspect	NOUN
ijosar-1079	268	22	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	268	23	either	either	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	268	24	stall	stall	VERB
ijosar-1079	268	25	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	268	26	entirely	entirely	ADV
ijosar-1079	268	27	evade	evade	VERB
ijosar-1079	268	28	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	268	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	269	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	269	2	some	some	DET
ijosar-1079	269	3	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	269	4	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	269	5	been	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	269	6	made	make	VERB
ijosar-1079	269	7	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	269	8	establish	establish	VERB
ijosar-1079	269	9	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	269	10	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	269	11	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	269	12	courts	court	NOUN
ijosar-1079	269	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	269	14	train	train	NOUN
ijosar-1079	269	15	judges	judge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	269	16	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	269	17	handling	handle	VERB
ijosar-1079	269	18	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	269	19	crimes	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	269	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	269	21	progress	progress	NOUN
ijosar-1079	269	22	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	269	23	slow	slow	ADJ
ijosar-1079	269	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	269	25	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	269	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	270	1	operationally	operationally	ADV
ijosar-1079	270	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	270	3	many	many	ADJ
ijosar-1079	270	4	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	270	5	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	270	6	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	270	7	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	270	8	face	face	VERB
ijosar-1079	270	9	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	270	10	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	270	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	270	12	including	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	270	13	outdated	outdated	ADJ
ijosar-1079	270	14	investigative	investigative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	270	15	tools	tool	NOUN
ijosar-1079	270	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	270	17	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
ijosar-1079	270	18	forensic	forensic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	270	19	capabilities	capability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	270	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	270	21	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1079	270	22	data	data	NOUN
ijosar-1079	270	23	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	270	24	sharing	share	VERB
ijosar-1079	270	25	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	270	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	271	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	271	2	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	271	3	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	271	4	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1079	271	5	exacerbated	exacerbate	VERB
ijosar-1079	271	6	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	271	7	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ijosar-1079	271	8	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	271	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	271	10	logistical	logistical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	271	11	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1079	271	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	271	13	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	271	14	leaving	leave	VERB
ijosar-1079	271	15	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	271	16	reliant	reliant	ADJ
ijosar-1079	271	17	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	271	18	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ijosar-1079	271	19	donors	donor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	271	20	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	271	21	technical	technical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	271	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	271	23	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	271	24	aid	aid	NOUN
ijosar-1079	271	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	272	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	272	2	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1079	272	3	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	272	4	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	272	5	bodies	body	NOUN
ijosar-1079	272	6	themselves	themselves	PRON
ijosar-1079	272	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	272	8	including	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	272	9	among	among	ADP
ijosar-1079	272	10	those	those	PRON
ijosar-1079	272	11	tasked	task	VERB
ijosar-1079	272	12	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	272	13	fighting	fight	VERB
ijosar-1079	272	14	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	272	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	272	16	adds	add	VERB
ijosar-1079	272	17	another	another	DET
ijosar-1079	272	18	layer	layer	NOUN
ijosar-1079	272	19	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	272	20	complexity	complexity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	272	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	272	22	making	make	VERB
ijosar-1079	272	23	internal	internal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	272	24	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	272	25	both	both	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	272	26	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ijosar-1079	272	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	272	28	elusive	elusive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	272	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	273	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ijosar-1079	273	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	273	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	273	4	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	273	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	273	6	synergy	synergy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	273	7	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1079	273	8	various	various	ADJ
ijosar-1079	273	9	security	security	NOUN
ijosar-1079	273	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	273	11	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	273	12	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	273	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	273	14	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	273	15	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	273	16	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	273	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	273	18	icpc	icpc	NOUN
ijosar-1079	273	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	273	20	dss	dss	NOUN
ijosar-1079	273	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	273	22	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	273	23	policeleads	policelead	NOUN
ijosar-1079	273	24	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	273	25	inter	inter	ADJ
ijosar-1079	273	26	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	273	27	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	273	28	rivalry	rivalry	NOUN
ijosar-1079	273	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	274	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	274	2	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	274	3	results	result	VERB
ijosar-1079	274	4	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	274	5	duplicated	duplicate	VERB
ijosar-1079	274	6	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	274	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	274	8	stalled	stall	VERB
ijosar-1079	274	9	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	274	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	274	11	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	274	12	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	274	13	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	274	14	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	274	15	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	274	16	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	275	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	275	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	275	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	276	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	276	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	276	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	276	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	276	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	276	6	11	11	NUM
ijosar-1079	276	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	276	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	276	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	276	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	276	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	276	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	276	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	276	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	276	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	276	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	276	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	276	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	276	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	276	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	276	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	276	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	277	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	278	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	279	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	279	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	280	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	280	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	280	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	280	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	281	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	281	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	281	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	281	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	281	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	281	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	281	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	281	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	281	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	281	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	281	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	281	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	281	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	281	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	281	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	281	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	281	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	281	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	281	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	281	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	281	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	281	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	281	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	281	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	281	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	281	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	281	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	281	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	281	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	281	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	281	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	281	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	281	33	even	even	ADV
ijosar-1079	281	34	active	active	ADJ
ijosar-1079	281	35	sabotage	sabotage	NOUN
ijosar-1079	281	36	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	281	37	each	each	DET
ijosar-1079	281	38	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	281	39	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	281	40	work	work	NOUN
ijosar-1079	281	41	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	281	42	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	281	43	attempts	attempt	NOUN
ijosar-1079	281	44	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	281	45	foster	foster	VERB
ijosar-1079	281	46	coordination	coordination	NOUN
ijosar-1079	281	47	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1079	281	48	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	281	49	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1079	281	50	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	281	51	inter	inter	ADJ
ijosar-1079	281	52	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	281	53	agency	agency	ADJ
ijosar-1079	281	54	task	task	NOUN
ijosar-1079	281	55	team	team	NOUN
ijosar-1079	281	56	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	281	57	iatt	iatt	PROPN
ijosar-1079	281	58	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	281	59	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	282	1	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	282	2	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	282	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	282	4	fear	fear	VERB
ijosar-1079	282	5	further	further	ADJ
ijosar-1079	282	6	hamper	hamper	NOUN
ijosar-1079	282	7	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	282	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	282	9	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	282	10	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ijosar-1079	282	11	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	282	12	discouraged	discourage	VERB
ijosar-1079	282	13	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	282	14	reporting	report	VERB
ijosar-1079	282	15	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	282	16	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	282	17	due	due	ADJ
ijosar-1079	282	18	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	282	19	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	282	20	whistle	whistle	NOUN
ijosar-1079	282	21	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	282	22	blower	blower	NOUN
ijosar-1079	282	23	protections	protection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	282	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	282	25	occasional	occasional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	282	26	threats	threat	NOUN
ijosar-1079	282	27	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	282	28	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	282	29	safety	safety	NOUN
ijosar-1079	282	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	283	1	although	although	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	283	2	policies	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	283	3	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	283	4	been	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	283	5	introduced	introduce	VERB
ijosar-1079	283	6	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	283	7	encourage	encourage	VERB
ijosar-1079	283	8	whistle	whistle	NOUN
ijosar-1079	283	9	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	283	10	blowing	blow	VERB
ijosar-1079	283	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	283	12	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	283	13	practical	practical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	283	14	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	283	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	283	16	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	283	17	backing	backing	NOUN
ijosar-1079	283	18	remain	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	283	19	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ijosar-1079	283	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	284	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ijosar-1079	284	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	284	3	threats	threat	NOUN
ijosar-1079	284	4	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	284	5	investigators	investigator	NOUN
ijosar-1079	284	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	284	7	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	284	8	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	284	9	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	284	10	non	non	ADJ
ijosar-1079	284	11	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	284	12	existent	existent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	284	13	witness	witness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	284	14	protection	protection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	284	15	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	284	16	compromise	compromise	NOUN
ijosar-1079	284	17	case	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	284	18	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	284	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	284	20	deter	deter	VERB
ijosar-1079	284	21	honest	honest	ADJ
ijosar-1079	284	22	actors	actor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	284	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	285	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	285	2	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	285	3	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	285	4	underpinning	underpin	VERB
ijosar-1079	285	5	anti	anti	NOUN
ijosar-1079	285	6	-	-	NOUN
ijosar-1079	285	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	285	8	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	285	9	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1079	285	10	outdated	outdate	VERB
ijosar-1079	285	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	285	12	several	several	ADJ
ijosar-1079	285	13	respects	respect	NOUN
ijosar-1079	285	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	286	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	286	2	new	new	ADJ
ijosar-1079	286	3	laws	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	286	4	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1079	286	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	286	6	proceeds	proceed	NOUN
ijosar-1079	286	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	286	8	crime	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	286	9	act	act	NOUN
ijosar-1079	286	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	286	11	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	286	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	286	13	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	286	14	been	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	286	15	enacted	enact	VERB
ijosar-1079	286	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	286	17	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	286	18	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	286	19	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	286	20	still	still	ADV
ijosar-1079	286	21	lags	lag	VERB
ijosar-1079	286	22	behind	behind	ADP
ijosar-1079	286	23	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	286	24	evolving	evolve	VERB
ijosar-1079	286	25	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
ijosar-1079	286	26	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	286	27	cyber	cyber	NOUN
ijosar-1079	286	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	286	29	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	286	30	crimes	crime	NOUN
ijosar-1079	286	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	286	32	making	make	VERB
ijosar-1079	286	33	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	286	34	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ijosar-1079	286	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	287	1	finally	finally	ADV
ijosar-1079	287	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	287	3	lenient	lenient	ADJ
ijosar-1079	287	4	sentencing	sentencing	NOUN
ijosar-1079	287	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	287	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	287	7	use	use	NOUN
ijosar-1079	287	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	287	9	plea	plea	NOUN
ijosar-1079	287	10	bargains	bargain	NOUN
ijosar-1079	287	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	287	12	controversial	controversial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	287	13	presidential	presidential	ADJ
ijosar-1079	287	14	pardons	pardon	NOUN
ijosar-1079	287	15	signal	signal	VERB
ijosar-1079	287	16	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	287	17	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	287	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	287	19	genuine	genuine	ADJ
ijosar-1079	287	20	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	287	21	will	will	NOUN
ijosar-1079	287	22	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	287	23	enforce	enforce	VERB
ijosar-1079	287	24	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	287	25	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	287	26	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	287	27	measures	measure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	287	28	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	287	29	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	287	30	required	require	VERB
ijosar-1079	287	31	seriousness	seriousness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	287	32	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	288	1	even	even	ADV
ijosar-1079	288	2	when	when	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	288	3	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1079	288	4	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	288	5	prosecuted	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	288	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	288	7	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	288	8	punishment	punishment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	288	9	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	288	10	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	288	11	minimal	minimal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	288	12	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	288	13	circumvented	circumvent	VERB
ijosar-1079	288	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	288	15	reducing	reduce	VERB
ijosar-1079	288	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	288	17	deterrent	deterrent	NOUN
ijosar-1079	288	18	effect	effect	NOUN
ijosar-1079	288	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	288	20	perpetuating	perpetuate	VERB
ijosar-1079	288	21	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	288	22	culture	culture	NOUN
ijosar-1079	288	23	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	288	24	impunity	impunity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	288	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	289	1	altogether	altogether	ADV
ijosar-1079	289	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	289	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	289	4	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1079	289	5	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1079	289	6	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	289	7	without	without	ADP
ijosar-1079	289	8	deep	deep	ADJ
ijosar-1079	289	9	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	289	10	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	289	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	289	12	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	289	13	modernisation	modernisation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	289	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	289	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	289	16	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	289	17	will	will	NOUN
ijosar-1079	289	18	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	289	19	act	act	VERB
ijosar-1079	289	20	consistently	consistently	ADV
ijosar-1079	289	21	against	against	ADP
ijosar-1079	289	22	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	289	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	289	24	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	289	25	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	289	26	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	289	27	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	289	28	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	289	29	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	289	30	will	will	AUX
ijosar-1079	289	31	continue	continue	VERB
ijosar-1079	289	32	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	289	33	fall	fall	VERB
ijosar-1079	289	34	short	short	ADJ
ijosar-1079	289	35	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	289	36	regardless	regardless	ADV
ijosar-1079	289	37	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	289	38	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
ijosar-1079	289	39	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	289	40	isolated	isolated	ADJ
ijosar-1079	289	41	actions	action	NOUN
ijosar-1079	289	42	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	290	1	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	2	iii	iii	NUM
ijosar-1079	290	3	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	290	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	290	6	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	290	8	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	290	9	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	290	10	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	290	11	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	12	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	290	13	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	290	14	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	15	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	290	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	290	17	s	s	PART
ijosar-1079	290	18	/	/	SYM
ijosar-1079	290	19	n	n	PROPN
ijosar-1079	290	20	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	21	resultant	resultant	VERB
ijosar-1079	290	22	effect	effect	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	23	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1079	290	24	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	290	25	increasing	increase	VERB
ijosar-1079	290	26	cost	cost	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	27	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	290	28	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	29	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	30	leads	lead	VERB
ijosar-1079	290	31	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	290	32	inflated	inflated	ADJ
ijosar-1079	290	33	contracts	contract	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	290	35	ghost	ghost	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	36	workers	worker	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	37	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	290	38	misuse	misuse	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	39	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	290	40	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	290	41	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	42	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	290	43	significantly	significantly	ADV
ijosar-1079	290	44	increasing	increase	VERB
ijosar-1079	290	45	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	290	46	cost	cost	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	47	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	290	48	running	run	VERB
ijosar-1079	290	49	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	50	operations	operation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	290	51	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	291	1	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1079	291	2	meant	mean	VERB
ijosar-1079	291	3	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	291	4	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	291	5	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	291	6	diverted	divert	VERB
ijosar-1079	291	7	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	291	8	sustain	sustain	VERB
ijosar-1079	291	9	wasteful	wasteful	ADJ
ijosar-1079	291	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	291	11	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	291	12	bureaucracies	bureaucracy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	291	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	292	1	2	2	X
ijosar-1079	292	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	292	3	weakening	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	292	4	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	292	5	’	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	292	6	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	292	7	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ijosar-1079	292	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	292	9	domestic	domestic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	292	10	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	292	11	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	292	12	discouraged	discourage	VERB
ijosar-1079	292	13	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	292	14	opaque	opaque	ADJ
ijosar-1079	292	15	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1079	292	16	environments	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	292	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	292	18	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	292	19	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	292	20	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	292	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	292	22	fear	fear	NOUN
ijosar-1079	292	23	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	292	24	bribery	bribery	NOUN
ijosar-1079	292	25	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	292	26	extortion	extortion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	292	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	292	28	leading	lead	VERB
ijosar-1079	292	29	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	292	30	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1079	292	31	flight	flight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	292	32	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	292	33	stunted	stunted	ADJ
ijosar-1079	292	34	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	292	35	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1079	292	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	293	1	3	3	X
ijosar-1079	293	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	293	3	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	293	4	service	service	NOUN
ijosar-1079	293	5	delivery	delivery	NOUN
ijosar-1079	293	6	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	293	7	services	service	NOUN
ijosar-1079	293	8	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1079	293	9	education	education	NOUN
ijosar-1079	293	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	293	11	health	health	NOUN
ijosar-1079	293	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	293	13	water	water	NOUN
ijosar-1079	293	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	293	15	electricity	electricity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	293	16	suffer	suffer	VERB
ijosar-1079	293	17	due	due	ADP
ijosar-1079	293	18	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	293	19	diversion	diversion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	293	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	293	21	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	293	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	293	23	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	293	24	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	293	25	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	293	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	293	27	mismanagement	mismanagement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	293	28	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	293	29	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	293	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	294	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	294	2	limits	limit	VERB
ijosar-1079	294	3	human	human	ADJ
ijosar-1079	294	4	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1079	294	5	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	294	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	294	7	quality	quality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	294	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	294	9	life	life	NOUN
ijosar-1079	294	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	295	1	4	4	X
ijosar-1079	295	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	295	3	culture	culture	NOUN
ijosar-1079	295	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	295	5	impunity	impunity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	295	6	when	when	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	295	7	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	295	8	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	295	9	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	295	10	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	295	11	fail	fail	VERB
ijosar-1079	295	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	295	13	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	295	14	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1079	295	15	operate	operate	VERB
ijosar-1079	295	16	without	without	ADP
ijosar-1079	295	17	fear	fear	NOUN
ijosar-1079	295	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	295	19	punishment	punishment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	295	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	296	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	296	2	emboldens	embolden	VERB
ijosar-1079	296	3	further	further	ADJ
ijosar-1079	296	4	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	296	5	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1079	296	6	all	all	DET
ijosar-1079	296	7	levels	level	NOUN
ijosar-1079	296	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	296	9	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	296	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	296	11	discourages	discourage	VERB
ijosar-1079	296	12	ethical	ethical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	296	13	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	296	14	service	service	NOUN
ijosar-1079	296	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	297	1	5	5	X
ijosar-1079	297	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	297	3	erosion	erosion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	297	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	297	5	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	297	6	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	297	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	297	8	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	297	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	297	10	failure	failure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	297	11	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	297	12	hold	hold	VERB
ijosar-1079	297	13	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	297	14	elites	elite	NOUN
ijosar-1079	297	15	accountable	accountable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	297	16	undermines	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	297	17	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ijosar-1079	297	18	’	’	PART
ijosar-1079	297	19	faith	faith	NOUN
ijosar-1079	297	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	297	21	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	297	22	judiciary	judiciary	NOUN
ijosar-1079	297	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	297	24	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	297	25	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	297	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	297	27	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	297	28	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	297	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	297	30	weakening	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	297	31	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	297	32	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	297	33	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	297	34	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	297	35	cohesion	cohesion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	297	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	298	1	6	6	X
ijosar-1079	298	2	.	.	NUM
ijosar-1079	298	3	increased	increase	VERB
ijosar-1079	298	4	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ijosar-1079	298	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	298	6	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	298	7	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	298	8	embezzled	embezzle	VERB
ijosar-1079	298	9	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	298	10	elites	elite	NOUN
ijosar-1079	298	11	reduce	reduce	VERB
ijosar-1079	298	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	298	13	amount	amount	NOUN
ijosar-1079	298	14	available	available	ADJ
ijosar-1079	298	15	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	298	16	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ijosar-1079	298	17	reduction	reduction	NOUN
ijosar-1079	298	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	298	19	job	job	NOUN
ijosar-1079	298	20	creation	creation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	298	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	298	22	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	298	23	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1079	298	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	299	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	299	2	widens	widen	VERB
ijosar-1079	299	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	299	4	gap	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1079	299	5	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1079	299	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	299	7	rich	rich	ADJ
ijosar-1079	299	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	299	9	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1079	299	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	299	11	deepens	deepen	VERB
ijosar-1079	299	12	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	299	13	unrest	unrest	NOUN
ijosar-1079	299	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	300	1	7	7	X
ijosar-1079	300	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	300	3	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	300	4	instability	instability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	300	6	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	300	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	300	10	security	security	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	11	sector	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	300	13	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ijosar-1079	300	14	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	300	16	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	17	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	300	18	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	300	19	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	20	fuel	fuel	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	21	grievances	grievance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	300	23	violence	violence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	300	25	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	26	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	300	27	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	28	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	29	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	300	30	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	300	31	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	300	32	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	301	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	301	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	301	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	301	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	301	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	301	6	12	12	NUM
ijosar-1079	301	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	301	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	301	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	301	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	301	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	301	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	301	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	301	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	301	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	301	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	301	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	301	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	301	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	301	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	301	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	301	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	302	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	303	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	304	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	304	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	305	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	305	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	305	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	305	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	306	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	306	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	306	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	306	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	306	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	306	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	306	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	306	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	306	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	306	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	306	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	306	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	306	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	306	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	306	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	306	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	306	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	306	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	306	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	306	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	306	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	306	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	306	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	306	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	306	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	306	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	306	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	306	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	306	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	306	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	306	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	306	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	306	33	insurgency	insurgency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	306	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	306	35	undermining	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	306	36	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	306	37	peace	peace	NOUN
ijosar-1079	306	38	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	306	39	unity	unity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	306	40	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	307	1	8	8	X
ijosar-1079	307	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	307	3	undermining	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	307	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	307	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	307	6	rule	rule	NOUN
ijosar-1079	307	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	307	8	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	307	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	307	10	compromises	compromise	VERB
ijosar-1079	307	11	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	307	12	systems	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	307	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	307	14	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	307	15	laws	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	307	16	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	307	17	applied	apply	VERB
ijosar-1079	307	18	selectively	selectively	ADV
ijosar-1079	307	19	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	307	20	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	307	21	at	at	ADV
ijosar-1079	307	22	all	all	ADV
ijosar-1079	307	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	307	24	allowing	allow	VERB
ijosar-1079	307	25	powerful	powerful	ADJ
ijosar-1079	307	26	individuals	individual	NOUN
ijosar-1079	307	27	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	307	28	act	act	VERB
ijosar-1079	307	29	above	above	ADP
ijosar-1079	307	30	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	307	31	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	307	32	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	307	33	weakening	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	307	34	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	307	35	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	307	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	308	1	9	9	X
ijosar-1079	308	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1079	308	3	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	308	4	decay	decay	NOUN
ijosar-1079	308	5	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	308	6	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	308	7	become	become	VERB
ijosar-1079	308	8	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	308	9	when	when	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	308	10	promotions	promotion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	308	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	308	12	procurement	procurement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	308	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	308	14	decisions	decision	NOUN
ijosar-1079	308	15	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	308	16	based	base	VERB
ijosar-1079	308	17	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	308	18	bribery	bribery	NOUN
ijosar-1079	308	19	rather	rather	ADV
ijosar-1079	308	20	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1079	308	21	merit	merit	NOUN
ijosar-1079	308	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	308	23	professionalism	professionalism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	308	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	308	25	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	308	26	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	308	27	interest	interest	NOUN
ijosar-1079	308	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	309	1	10	10	NUM
ijosar-1079	309	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	309	3	failure	failure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	309	4	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	309	5	achieve	achieve	VERB
ijosar-1079	309	6	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ijosar-1079	309	7	goals	goal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	309	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	309	9	diverts	divert	VERB
ijosar-1079	309	10	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1079	309	11	meant	mean	VERB
ijosar-1079	309	12	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	309	13	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	309	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	309	15	health	health	NOUN
ijosar-1079	309	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	309	17	education	education	NOUN
ijosar-1079	309	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	309	19	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	309	20	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	309	21	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	309	22	goals	goal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	309	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	309	24	sdgs	sdgs	ADJ
ijosar-1079	309	25	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	309	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	309	27	making	make	VERB
ijosar-1079	309	28	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	309	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	309	30	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1079	309	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	309	32	targets	target	NOUN
ijosar-1079	309	33	unattainable	unattainable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	309	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	310	1	source	source	NOUN
ijosar-1079	310	2	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	310	3	compiled	compile	VERB
ijosar-1079	310	4	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	310	5	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	310	6	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	310	7	essoh	essoh	PROPN
ijosar-1079	310	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	310	9	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	310	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	310	11	daniel	daniel	PROPN
ijosar-1079	310	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	310	13	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	310	14	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	310	15	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	310	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	310	17	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	310	18	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	310	19	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	310	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	310	21	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1079	310	22	iii	iii	NOUN
ijosar-1079	310	23	presents	present	VERB
ijosar-1079	310	24	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	310	25	detailed	detailed	ADJ
ijosar-1079	310	26	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ijosar-1079	310	27	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	310	28	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	310	29	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	310	30	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	310	31	facing	face	VERB
ijosar-1079	310	32	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	310	33	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	310	34	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	310	35	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	310	36	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	310	37	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	310	38	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	310	39	far	far	ADV
ijosar-1079	310	40	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	310	41	reaching	reach	VERB
ijosar-1079	310	42	negative	negative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	310	43	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	310	44	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	310	45	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	310	46	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	310	47	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	311	1	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	311	2	shows	show	VERB
ijosar-1079	311	3	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	311	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	311	5	inefficiency	inefficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	311	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	311	7	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	311	8	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	311	9	contributes	contribute	VERB
ijosar-1079	311	10	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	311	11	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	311	12	rise	rise	NOUN
ijosar-1079	311	13	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	311	14	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	311	15	cost	cost	NOUN
ijosar-1079	311	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	311	17	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	311	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	311	19	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	311	20	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	311	21	fuels	fuel	NOUN
ijosar-1079	311	22	waste	waste	NOUN
ijosar-1079	311	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	311	24	mismanagement	mismanagement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	311	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	312	1	investor	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	312	2	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	312	3	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	312	4	eroded	erode	VERB
ijosar-1079	312	5	due	due	ADP
ijosar-1079	312	6	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	312	7	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	312	8	unpredictable	unpredictable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	312	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	312	10	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	312	11	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1079	312	12	environment	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	312	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	312	14	limiting	limit	VERB
ijosar-1079	312	15	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	312	16	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1079	312	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	313	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	313	2	diversion	diversion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	313	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	313	4	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	313	5	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	313	6	weakens	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	313	7	essential	essential	ADJ
ijosar-1079	313	8	service	service	NOUN
ijosar-1079	313	9	delivery	delivery	NOUN
ijosar-1079	313	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	313	11	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1079	313	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	313	13	health	health	NOUN
ijosar-1079	313	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	313	15	education	education	NOUN
ijosar-1079	313	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	313	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	313	18	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	313	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	313	20	stalling	stall	VERB
ijosar-1079	313	21	human	human	ADJ
ijosar-1079	313	22	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	313	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	314	1	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	314	2	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	314	3	culture	culture	NOUN
ijosar-1079	314	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	314	5	impunity	impunity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	314	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	314	7	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	314	8	failure	failure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	314	9	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	314	10	prosecute	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	314	11	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	314	12	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1079	314	13	foster	foster	VERB
ijosar-1079	314	14	unethical	unethical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	314	15	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	314	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	314	17	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	314	18	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	314	19	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	314	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	314	21	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	314	22	declines	decline	VERB
ijosar-1079	314	23	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	314	24	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	314	25	systems	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	314	26	appear	appear	VERB
ijosar-1079	314	27	compromised	compromise	VERB
ijosar-1079	314	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	314	29	selective	selective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	314	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	315	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	315	2	erosion	erosion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	315	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	315	4	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	315	5	undermines	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	315	6	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	315	7	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	315	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	315	9	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	315	10	cohesion	cohesion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	315	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	316	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ijosar-1079	316	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	316	3	widespread	widespread	ADJ
ijosar-1079	316	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	316	5	deepens	deepen	VERB
ijosar-1079	316	6	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ijosar-1079	316	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	316	8	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	316	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	316	10	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	316	11	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	316	12	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1079	316	13	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	316	14	siphoned	siphon	VERB
ijosar-1079	316	15	away	away	ADV
ijosar-1079	316	16	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	316	17	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	316	18	welfare	welfare	NOUN
ijosar-1079	316	19	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1079	316	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	317	1	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	317	2	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1079	317	3	fuels	fuel	VERB
ijosar-1079	317	4	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	317	5	instability	instability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	317	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	317	7	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	317	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	317	9	especially	especially	ADV
ijosar-1079	317	10	when	when	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	317	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	317	12	affects	affect	VERB
ijosar-1079	317	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	317	14	security	security	NOUN
ijosar-1079	317	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	317	16	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ijosar-1079	317	17	sectors.the	sectors.the	DET
ijosar-1079	317	18	rule	rule	NOUN
ijosar-1079	317	19	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	317	20	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	317	21	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	317	22	weakened	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	317	23	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	317	24	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ijosar-1079	317	25	elites	elite	NOUN
ijosar-1079	317	26	operate	operate	VERB
ijosar-1079	317	27	above	above	ADP
ijosar-1079	317	28	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	317	29	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ijosar-1079	317	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	317	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	317	32	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	317	33	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	317	34	declines	decline	VERB
ijosar-1079	317	35	when	when	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	317	36	decisions	decision	NOUN
ijosar-1079	317	37	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	317	38	based	base	VERB
ijosar-1079	317	39	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	317	40	patronage	patronage	NOUN
ijosar-1079	317	41	rather	rather	ADV
ijosar-1079	317	42	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1079	317	43	merit	merit	NOUN
ijosar-1079	317	44	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	318	1	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
ijosar-1079	318	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	318	3	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	318	4	effects	effect	NOUN
ijosar-1079	318	5	coalesce	coalesce	VERB
ijosar-1079	318	6	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	318	7	derail	derail	VERB
ijosar-1079	318	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	318	9	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	318	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	318	11	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	318	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	318	13	global	global	ADJ
ijosar-1079	318	14	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	318	15	goals	goal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	318	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	318	17	rendering	render	VERB
ijosar-1079	318	18	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	318	19	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	318	20	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	318	21	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	318	22	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	318	23	just	just	ADV
ijosar-1079	318	24	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	318	25	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	318	26	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	318	27	ethical	ethical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	318	28	necessity	necessity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	318	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	318	30	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	318	31	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	318	32	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ijosar-1079	318	33	requirement	requirement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	318	34	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	318	35	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	318	36	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	318	37	socio	socio	NOUN
ijosar-1079	318	38	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	318	39	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	318	40	transformation	transformation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	318	41	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	319	1	v.	v.	ADP
ijosar-1079	319	2	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	319	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	319	6	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	7	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	319	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	319	9	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	10	paint	paint	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	11	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	319	12	compelling	compelling	ADJ
ijosar-1079	319	13	picture	picture	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	319	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	319	16	depth	depth	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	319	18	complexity	complexity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	319	20	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	319	22	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	23	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	319	24	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	319	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	319	26	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1079	319	27	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1079	319	28	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	319	29	lens	lens	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	30	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	319	31	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1079	319	32	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	319	33	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	34	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	35	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	36	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	319	37	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	319	38	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	319	39	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	40	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	319	41	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	319	42	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	319	43	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	319	44	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	319	45	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	320	1	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	2	i	i	PRON
ijosar-1079	320	3	reveals	reveal	VERB
ijosar-1079	320	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	320	5	extensive	extensive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	320	6	scope	scope	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	320	8	scale	scale	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	320	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	320	12	involving	involve	VERB
ijosar-1079	320	13	top	top	ADJ
ijosar-1079	320	14	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	320	15	level	level	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	16	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	17	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	18	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1079	320	19	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ijosar-1079	320	20	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	21	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	320	22	finance	finance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	320	24	oil	oil	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	320	26	defence	defence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	320	28	legislature	legislature	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	320	30	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	320	31	administration	administration	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	32	—	—	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	320	33	over	over	ADP
ijosar-1079	320	34	several	several	ADJ
ijosar-1079	320	35	administrations	administration	NOUN
ijosar-1079	320	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	321	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	321	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	321	3	staggering	staggering	ADJ
ijosar-1079	321	4	sums	sum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	5	involved	involve	VERB
ijosar-1079	321	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	321	7	ranging	range	VERB
ijosar-1079	321	8	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	321	9	hundreds	hundred	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	321	11	millions	million	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	12	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	321	13	billions	billion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	321	15	naira	naira	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	321	17	dollars	dollar	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	321	19	there	there	PRON
ijosar-1079	321	20	is	be	VERB
ijosar-1079	321	21	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	321	22	notable	notable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	321	23	disparity	disparity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	24	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	321	25	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	321	27	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	321	28	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1079	321	29	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	321	30	few	few	ADJ
ijosar-1079	321	31	individuals	individual	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	32	being	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	321	33	convicted	convict	VERB
ijosar-1079	321	34	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	321	35	punished	punish	VERB
ijosar-1079	321	36	decisively	decisively	ADV
ijosar-1079	321	37	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	321	38	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	321	39	many	many	ADJ
ijosar-1079	321	40	others	other	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	41	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	321	42	evaded	evade	VERB
ijosar-1079	321	43	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	44	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1079	321	45	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	321	46	loopholes	loophole	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	47	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	321	48	stalled	stall	VERB
ijosar-1079	321	49	investigations	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	50	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	321	51	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	321	52	outright	outright	ADJ
ijosar-1079	321	53	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	321	54	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	321	55	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	322	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	322	2	pattern	pattern	NOUN
ijosar-1079	322	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1079	322	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	322	5	unevenness	unevenness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	322	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	322	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	322	8	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	322	9	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	322	10	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	322	11	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	322	12	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	322	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	322	14	exposes	expose	VERB
ijosar-1079	322	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	322	16	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	322	17	flaws	flaw	NOUN
ijosar-1079	322	18	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1079	322	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	322	20	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	322	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	322	22	prosecutorial	prosecutorial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	322	23	processes	process	NOUN
ijosar-1079	322	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	323	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	323	2	granting	granting	NOUN
ijosar-1079	323	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	323	4	bail	bail	NOUN
ijosar-1079	323	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	323	6	delayed	delay	VERB
ijosar-1079	323	7	trials	trial	NOUN
ijosar-1079	323	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	323	9	presidential	presidential	ADJ
ijosar-1079	323	10	pardons	pardon	NOUN
ijosar-1079	323	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	323	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	323	13	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	323	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	323	15	progress	progress	NOUN
ijosar-1079	323	16	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	323	17	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1079	323	18	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	323	19	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1079	323	20	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	323	21	point	point	VERB
ijosar-1079	323	22	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	323	23	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	323	24	compromised	compromise	VERB
ijosar-1079	323	25	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	323	26	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	323	27	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	323	28	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	323	29	rule	rule	NOUN
ijosar-1079	323	30	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	323	31	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	323	32	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	323	33	inconsistently	inconsistently	ADV
ijosar-1079	323	34	applied	apply	VERB
ijosar-1079	323	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	324	1	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	324	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	324	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	324	4	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	324	5	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	324	6	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1079	324	7	those	those	PRON
ijosar-1079	324	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	324	9	abdulrasheed	abdulrasheed	NOUN
ijosar-1079	324	10	maina	maina	PROPN
ijosar-1079	324	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	324	12	senator	senator	PROPN
ijosar-1079	324	13	bassey	bassey	PROPN
ijosar-1079	324	14	albert	albert	PROPN
ijosar-1079	324	15	akpan	akpan	PROPN
ijosar-1079	324	16	resulted	result	VERB
ijosar-1079	324	17	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	324	18	convictions	conviction	NOUN
ijosar-1079	324	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	324	20	others	other	NOUN
ijosar-1079	324	21	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	324	22	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	324	23	diezani	diezani	PROPN
ijosar-1079	324	24	alison	alison	PROPN
ijosar-1079	324	25	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	324	26	madueke	madueke	PROPN
ijosar-1079	324	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	324	28	godwin	godwin	PROPN
ijosar-1079	324	29	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	PROPN
ijosar-1079	324	30	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	324	31	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	324	32	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	324	33	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	325	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	325	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	325	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	326	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	326	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	326	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	326	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	326	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	326	6	13	13	NUM
ijosar-1079	326	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	326	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	326	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	326	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	326	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	326	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	326	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	326	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	326	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	326	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	326	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	326	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	326	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	326	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	326	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	326	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	327	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	328	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	329	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	329	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	330	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	330	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	330	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	330	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	331	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	331	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	331	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	331	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	331	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	331	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	331	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	331	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	331	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	331	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	331	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	331	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	331	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	331	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	331	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	331	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	331	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	331	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	331	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	331	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	331	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	331	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	331	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	331	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	331	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	331	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	331	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	331	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	331	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	331	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	331	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	331	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	331	33	emefiele	emefiele	NOUN
ijosar-1079	331	34	remain	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	331	35	unresolved	unresolved	ADJ
ijosar-1079	331	36	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	331	37	extensive	extensive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	331	38	media	medium	NOUN
ijosar-1079	331	39	coverage	coverage	NOUN
ijosar-1079	331	40	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	331	41	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	331	42	interest	interest	NOUN
ijosar-1079	331	43	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	331	44	undermining	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	331	45	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	331	46	credibility	credibility	NOUN
ijosar-1079	331	47	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	331	48	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	331	49	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	331	50	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	331	51	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	331	52	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	332	1	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1079	332	2	deepening	deepen	VERB
ijosar-1079	332	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	332	4	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	332	5	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	332	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	332	7	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	332	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ijosar-1079	332	9	provided	provide	VERB
ijosar-1079	332	10	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	332	11	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1079	332	12	ii	ii	PROPN
ijosar-1079	332	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	332	14	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	332	15	identifies	identify	VERB
ijosar-1079	332	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	332	17	elaborates	elaborate	VERB
ijosar-1079	332	18	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	332	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	332	20	internal	internal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	332	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	332	22	external	external	ADJ
ijosar-1079	332	23	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ijosar-1079	332	24	facing	face	VERB
ijosar-1079	332	25	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	332	26	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1079	332	27	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	332	28	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	332	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	332	30	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	332	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	333	1	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	333	2	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	333	3	emerges	emerge	VERB
ijosar-1079	333	4	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	333	5	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	333	6	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1079	333	7	formidable	formidable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	333	8	obstacle	obstacle	NOUN
ijosar-1079	333	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	333	10	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	333	11	shielding	shield	VERB
ijosar-1079	333	12	politically	politically	ADV
ijosar-1079	333	13	connected	connect	VERB
ijosar-1079	333	14	individuals	individual	NOUN
ijosar-1079	333	15	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	333	16	investigation	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	333	17	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	333	18	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	333	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	334	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	334	2	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	334	3	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	334	4	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	334	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	334	6	marked	mark	VERB
ijosar-1079	334	7	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	334	8	procedural	procedural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	334	9	delays	delay	NOUN
ijosar-1079	334	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	334	11	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	334	12	technicalities	technicality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	334	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	334	14	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1079	334	15	dilutes	dilute	VERB
ijosar-1079	334	16	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	334	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	335	1	compounding	compound	VERB
ijosar-1079	335	2	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	335	3	issues	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	335	4	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	335	5	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	335	6	deficiencies	deficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	335	7	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	335	8	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	335	9	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1079	335	10	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	335	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	335	12	outdated	outdate	VERB
ijosar-1079	335	13	investigative	investigative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	335	14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	335	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	335	16	inter	inter	ADJ
ijosar-1079	335	17	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	335	18	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	335	19	rivalry	rivalry	NOUN
ijosar-1079	335	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	335	21	all	all	PRON
ijosar-1079	335	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	335	23	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	335	24	hinder	hinder	VERB
ijosar-1079	335	25	coordinated	coordinated	ADJ
ijosar-1079	335	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	335	27	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	335	28	responses	response	NOUN
ijosar-1079	335	29	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	335	30	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	335	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	336	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	336	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ijosar-1079	336	3	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1079	336	4	reveals	reveal	VERB
ijosar-1079	336	5	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	336	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	336	7	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1079	336	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	336	9	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	336	10	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	336	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	336	12	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	336	13	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	336	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	336	15	along	along	ADP
ijosar-1079	336	16	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	336	17	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	336	18	absence	absence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	336	19	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	336	20	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	336	21	robust	robust	ADJ
ijosar-1079	336	22	whistle	whistle	NOUN
ijosar-1079	336	23	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	336	24	blower	blower	NOUN
ijosar-1079	336	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	336	26	witness	witness	VERB
ijosar-1079	336	27	protection	protection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	336	28	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	336	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	336	30	creates	create	VERB
ijosar-1079	336	31	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	336	32	environment	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	336	33	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	336	34	fear	fear	NOUN
ijosar-1079	336	35	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	336	36	impunity	impunity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	336	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	337	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	337	2	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	337	3	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1079	337	4	obstructs	obstruct	VERB
ijosar-1079	337	5	investigations	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	337	6	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	337	7	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1079	337	8	disincentivizes	disincentivize	VERB
ijosar-1079	337	9	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	337	10	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	337	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	337	12	anticorruption	anticorruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	337	13	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	337	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	338	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ijosar-1079	338	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	338	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	338	4	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	338	5	application	application	NOUN
ijosar-1079	338	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	338	7	punitive	punitive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	338	8	measures	measure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	338	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	338	10	lenient	lenient	ADJ
ijosar-1079	338	11	sentencing	sentencing	NOUN
ijosar-1079	338	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	338	13	politicised	politicise	VERB
ijosar-1079	338	14	pardons	pardon	NOUN
ijosar-1079	338	15	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
ijosar-1079	338	16	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	338	17	perception	perception	NOUN
ijosar-1079	338	18	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	338	19	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	338	20	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	338	21	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	338	22	low	low	ADJ
ijosar-1079	338	23	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	338	24	risk	risk	NOUN
ijosar-1079	338	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	338	26	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1079	338	27	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	338	28	reward	reward	NOUN
ijosar-1079	338	29	endeavour	endeavour	NOUN
ijosar-1079	338	30	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	338	31	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	338	32	elite	elite	NOUN
ijosar-1079	338	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	339	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	339	2	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	339	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	339	4	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	339	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	339	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	339	7	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	339	8	outlined	outline	VERB
ijosar-1079	339	9	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	339	10	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1079	339	11	iii	iii	NOUN
ijosar-1079	339	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	339	13	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	339	14	deeply	deeply	ADV
ijosar-1079	339	15	concerning	concern	VERB
ijosar-1079	339	16	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	339	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	339	18	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	339	19	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	339	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	339	21	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	339	22	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	339	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	340	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	340	2	mismanagement	mismanagement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	340	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	340	4	diversion	diversion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	340	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	340	6	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	340	7	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1079	340	8	inflate	inflate	VERB
ijosar-1079	340	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	340	10	cost	cost	NOUN
ijosar-1079	340	11	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	340	12	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	340	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	340	14	erode	erode	VERB
ijosar-1079	340	15	service	service	NOUN
ijosar-1079	340	16	delivery	delivery	NOUN
ijosar-1079	340	17	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	340	18	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	340	19	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	340	20	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1079	340	21	education	education	NOUN
ijosar-1079	340	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	340	23	healthcare	healthcare	NOUN
ijosar-1079	340	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	340	25	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	340	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	341	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	341	2	contributes	contribute	VERB
ijosar-1079	341	3	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	341	4	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	341	5	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ijosar-1079	341	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	341	7	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	341	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	341	9	weakened	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	341	10	human	human	ADJ
ijosar-1079	341	11	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1079	341	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	342	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ijosar-1079	342	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	342	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	342	4	entrenched	entrenched	ADJ
ijosar-1079	342	5	culture	culture	NOUN
ijosar-1079	342	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	342	7	impunity	impunity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	342	8	undermines	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	342	9	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	342	10	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	342	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	342	12	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	342	13	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	342	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	342	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	342	16	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	342	17	process	process	NOUN
ijosar-1079	342	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	342	19	discouraging	discourage	VERB
ijosar-1079	342	20	civic	civic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	342	21	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	342	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	342	23	fueling	fuel	VERB
ijosar-1079	342	24	disillusionment	disillusionment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	342	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	343	1	investor	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	343	2	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	343	3	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	343	4	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1079	343	5	negatively	negatively	ADV
ijosar-1079	343	6	impacted	impact	VERB
ijosar-1079	343	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	343	8	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	343	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	343	10	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1079	343	11	environment	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	343	12	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	343	13	perceived	perceive	VERB
ijosar-1079	343	14	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	343	15	unpredictable	unpredictable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	343	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	343	17	fraught	fraught	ADJ
ijosar-1079	343	18	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	343	19	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	343	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	343	21	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1079	343	22	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	343	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	344	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	344	2	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	344	3	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1079	344	4	deters	deter	VERB
ijosar-1079	344	5	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ijosar-1079	344	6	direct	direct	ADJ
ijosar-1079	344	7	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	344	8	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	344	9	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1079	344	10	stifles	stifle	VERB
ijosar-1079	344	11	local	local	ADJ
ijosar-1079	344	12	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1079	344	13	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	344	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	345	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	345	2	erosion	erosion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	345	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	345	4	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	345	5	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	345	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	345	7	rule	rule	NOUN
ijosar-1079	345	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	345	9	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	345	10	fosters	foster	VERB
ijosar-1079	345	11	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	345	12	climate	climate	NOUN
ijosar-1079	345	13	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	345	14	lawlessness	lawlessness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	345	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	345	16	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	345	17	instability	instability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	345	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	345	19	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	345	20	can	can	AUX
ijosar-1079	345	21	manifest	manifest	VERB
ijosar-1079	345	22	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	345	23	increased	increase	VERB
ijosar-1079	345	24	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	345	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	345	26	violence	violence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	345	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	345	28	civil	civil	ADJ
ijosar-1079	345	29	unrest	unrest	NOUN
ijosar-1079	345	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	346	1	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
ijosar-1079	346	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	346	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	346	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	346	5	underscore	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1079	346	6	that	that	DET
ijosar-1079	346	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	346	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	346	9	enabled	enable	VERB
ijosar-1079	346	10	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	346	11	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	346	12	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	346	13	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	346	14	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	346	15	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	346	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	346	17	poses	pose	VERB
ijosar-1079	346	18	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	346	19	significant	significant	ADJ
ijosar-1079	346	20	threat	threat	NOUN
ijosar-1079	346	21	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	346	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	346	23	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	346	24	national	national	PROPN
ijosar-1079	346	25	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1079	346	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	346	27	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	346	28	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	346	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	347	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	347	2	persistence	persistence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	347	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	347	4	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	347	5	issues	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	347	6	suggests	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1079	347	7	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	347	8	without	without	ADP
ijosar-1079	347	9	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	347	10	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ijosar-1079	347	11	overhaul	overhaul	NOUN
ijosar-1079	347	12	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	347	13	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	347	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	347	15	—	—	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	347	16	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ijosar-1079	347	17	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	347	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	347	19	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	347	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	347	21	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	347	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	347	23	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	347	24	reform	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	347	25	—	—	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	347	26	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	347	27	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	347	28	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	347	29	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1079	347	30	will	will	AUX
ijosar-1079	347	31	continue	continue	VERB
ijosar-1079	347	32	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	347	33	be	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	347	34	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	347	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	348	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	348	2	fight	fight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	348	3	against	against	ADP
ijosar-1079	348	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	348	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	348	6	therefore	therefore	ADV
ijosar-1079	348	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	348	8	must	must	AUX
ijosar-1079	348	9	move	move	VERB
ijosar-1079	348	10	beyond	beyond	ADP
ijosar-1079	348	11	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
ijosar-1079	348	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	348	13	symbolic	symbolic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	348	14	prosecutions	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	348	15	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	348	16	embrace	embrace	VERB
ijosar-1079	348	17	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	348	18	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	348	19	backed	back	VERB
ijosar-1079	348	20	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	348	21	strong	strong	ADJ
ijosar-1079	348	22	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	348	23	will	will	NOUN
ijosar-1079	348	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	348	25	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	348	26	modernisation	modernisation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	348	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	348	28	active	active	ADJ
ijosar-1079	348	29	citizen	citizen	NOUN
ijosar-1079	348	30	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	348	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	349	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	349	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	349	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	349	4	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	349	5	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	349	6	reflect	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1079	349	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	349	8	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	349	9	strongly	strongly	ADV
ijosar-1079	349	10	supported	support	VERB
ijosar-1079	349	11	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	349	12	existing	exist	VERB
ijosar-1079	349	13	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
ijosar-1079	349	14	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1079	349	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	349	16	revealing	reveal	VERB
ijosar-1079	349	17	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	349	18	entrenched	entrenched	ADJ
ijosar-1079	349	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	349	20	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	349	21	nature	nature	NOUN
ijosar-1079	349	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	349	23	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	349	24	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	349	25	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	349	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	349	27	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	349	28	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	349	29	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	349	30	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	349	31	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	349	32	nation	nation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	349	33	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	349	34	antigraft	antigraft	PROPN
ijosar-1079	349	35	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	349	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	350	1	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	350	2	shown	show	VERB
ijosar-1079	350	3	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	350	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	350	5	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	350	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	350	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	350	8	cuts	cut	VERB
ijosar-1079	350	9	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1079	350	10	different	different	ADJ
ijosar-1079	350	11	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	350	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	350	13	levels	level	NOUN
ijosar-1079	350	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	350	15	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	350	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	350	17	involving	involve	VERB
ijosar-1079	350	18	staggering	staggering	ADJ
ijosar-1079	350	19	sums	sum	NOUN
ijosar-1079	350	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	350	21	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	350	22	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1079	350	23	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	350	24	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1079	350	25	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	350	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	351	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	351	2	aligns	align	VERB
ijosar-1079	351	3	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	351	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	351	5	observations	observation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	351	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	351	7	ekweremadu	ekweremadu	ADJ
ijosar-1079	351	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	351	9	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1079	351	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	351	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	351	12	who	who	PRON
ijosar-1079	351	13	emphasises	emphasise	VERB
ijosar-1079	351	14	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	351	15	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	351	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	351	17	existence	existence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	351	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	351	19	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	351	20	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	351	21	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	351	22	bodies	body	NOUN
ijosar-1079	351	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	351	24	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	351	25	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	351	26	thrives	thrive	VERB
ijosar-1079	351	27	due	due	ADJ
ijosar-1079	351	28	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	351	29	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	351	30	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	351	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	351	32	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	351	33	loopholes	loophole	NOUN
ijosar-1079	351	34	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	351	35	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
ijosar-1079	351	36	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	351	37	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	351	38	all	all	PRON
ijosar-1079	351	39	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	351	40	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	351	41	contribute	contribute	VERB
ijosar-1079	351	42	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	351	43	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	351	44	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	351	45	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	351	46	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	351	47	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	351	48	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	351	49	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	351	50	measures	measure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	351	51	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	352	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	352	2	disparity	disparity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	352	3	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	352	4	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1079	352	5	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	352	6	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1079	352	7	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	352	8	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1079	352	9	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	352	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	352	11	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	352	12	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1079	352	13	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	352	14	few	few	ADJ
ijosar-1079	352	15	individuals	individual	NOUN
ijosar-1079	352	16	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	352	17	held	hold	VERB
ijosar-1079	352	18	accountable	accountable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	352	19	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	352	20	others	other	NOUN
ijosar-1079	352	21	escape	escape	VERB
ijosar-1079	352	22	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	352	23	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1079	352	24	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	352	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	352	26	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	352	27	machinations	machination	NOUN
ijosar-1079	352	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	352	29	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1079	352	30	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	352	31	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	352	32	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	352	33	consistency	consistency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	352	34	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	352	35	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	352	36	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	352	37	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	352	38	process	process	NOUN
ijosar-1079	352	39	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	353	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	353	2	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ijosar-1079	353	3	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	353	4	mirrored	mirror	VERB
ijosar-1079	353	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	353	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	353	7	works	work	NOUN
ijosar-1079	353	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	353	9	azeez	azeez	NOUN
ijosar-1079	353	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	353	11	ajibowu	ajibowu	NOUN
ijosar-1079	353	12	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	353	13	yekini	yekini	NOUN
ijosar-1079	353	14	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	353	15	2018	2018	NUM
ijosar-1079	353	16	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	353	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	353	18	abu	abu	PROPN
ijosar-1079	353	19	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	353	20	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	353	21	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	353	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	353	23	who	who	PRON
ijosar-1079	353	24	note	note	VERB
ijosar-1079	353	25	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	353	26	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	353	27	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	353	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	353	29	though	though	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	353	30	extensive	extensive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	353	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	353	32	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	353	33	serve	serve	VERB
ijosar-1079	353	34	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	353	35	symbolic	symbolic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	353	36	function	function	NOUN
ijosar-1079	353	37	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	353	38	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	353	39	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	353	40	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	353	41	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	354	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	354	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	354	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	355	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	355	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	355	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	355	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	355	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	355	6	14	14	NUM
ijosar-1079	355	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	355	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	355	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	355	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	355	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	355	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	355	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	355	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	355	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	355	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	355	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	355	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	355	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	355	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	355	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	355	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	356	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	357	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	358	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	358	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	359	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	359	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	359	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	359	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	360	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	360	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	360	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	360	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	360	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	360	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	360	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	360	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	360	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	360	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	360	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	360	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	360	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	360	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	360	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	360	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	360	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	360	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	360	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	360	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	360	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	360	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	360	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	360	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	360	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	360	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	360	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	360	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	360	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	360	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	360	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	360	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	360	33	rather	rather	ADV
ijosar-1079	360	34	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1079	360	35	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	360	36	substantive	substantive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	360	37	one	one	NOUN
ijosar-1079	360	38	due	due	ADP
ijosar-1079	360	39	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	360	40	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1079	360	41	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	360	42	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	360	43	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	360	44	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	360	45	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	360	46	procedural	procedural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	360	47	delays	delay	NOUN
ijosar-1079	360	48	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	361	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	361	2	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	361	3	support	support	VERB
ijosar-1079	361	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	361	5	observation	observation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	361	6	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	361	7	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	361	8	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	361	9	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	361	10	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1079	361	11	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1079	361	12	falter	falter	VERB
ijosar-1079	361	13	when	when	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	361	14	confronted	confront	VERB
ijosar-1079	361	15	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	361	16	influential	influential	ADJ
ijosar-1079	361	17	individuals	individual	NOUN
ijosar-1079	361	18	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	361	19	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	361	20	interests	interest	NOUN
ijosar-1079	361	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	361	22	reinforcing	reinforce	VERB
ijosar-1079	361	23	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	361	24	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	361	25	perception	perception	NOUN
ijosar-1079	361	26	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	361	27	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	361	28	compromised	compromise	VERB
ijosar-1079	361	29	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	361	30	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	361	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	362	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	362	2	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	362	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	362	4	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	362	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	362	6	confronting	confront	VERB
ijosar-1079	362	7	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	362	8	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	362	9	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	362	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	362	11	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	362	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	362	13	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	362	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	362	15	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	362	16	identified	identify	VERB
ijosar-1079	362	17	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	362	18	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	362	19	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	362	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	362	21	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1079	362	22	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
ijosar-1079	362	23	existing	exist	VERB
ijosar-1079	362	24	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	362	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	363	1	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ijosar-1079	363	2	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1079	363	3	ewaet	ewaet	PROPN
ijosar-1079	363	4	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1079	363	5	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	364	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	364	2	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1079	364	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	364	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	364	5	umoru	umoru	NOUN
ijosar-1079	364	6	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	364	7	oki	oki	NOUN
ijosar-1079	364	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	364	9	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1079	364	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	364	11	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	364	12	emphasised	emphasise	VERB
ijosar-1079	364	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	364	14	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	364	15	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	364	16	internal	internal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	364	17	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	364	18	standards	standard	NOUN
ijosar-1079	364	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	364	20	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ijosar-1079	364	21	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	364	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	364	23	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	364	24	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	364	25	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	364	26	factors	factor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	364	27	undermining	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	364	28	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	364	29	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	364	30	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	364	31	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	364	32	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	364	33	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	364	34	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	364	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	365	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	365	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	365	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	365	4	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1079	365	5	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	365	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	365	7	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1079	365	8	manpower	manpower	NOUN
ijosar-1079	365	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	365	10	inter	inter	ADJ
ijosar-1079	365	11	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	365	12	agency	agency	ADJ
ijosar-1079	365	13	rivalry	rivalry	NOUN
ijosar-1079	365	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	365	15	obsolete	obsolete	ADJ
ijosar-1079	365	16	investigative	investigative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	365	17	tools	tool	NOUN
ijosar-1079	365	18	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1079	365	19	mirror	mirror	VERB
ijosar-1079	365	20	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	365	21	academic	academic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	365	22	critiques	critique	NOUN
ijosar-1079	365	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	365	24	suggesting	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1079	365	25	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	365	26	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	365	27	inertia	inertia	NOUN
ijosar-1079	365	28	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	365	29	prevents	prevent	VERB
ijosar-1079	365	30	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	365	31	bodies	body	NOUN
ijosar-1079	365	32	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1079	365	33	executing	execute	VERB
ijosar-1079	365	34	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	365	35	mandates	mandate	NOUN
ijosar-1079	365	36	effectively	effectively	ADV
ijosar-1079	365	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	366	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ijosar-1079	366	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	366	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	366	4	politicisation	politicisation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	366	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	366	6	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	366	7	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	366	8	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	366	9	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	366	10	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	366	11	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	366	12	recurring	recur	VERB
ijosar-1079	366	13	theme	theme	NOUN
ijosar-1079	366	14	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	366	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	366	16	findingsis	findingsis	NOUN
ijosar-1079	366	17	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	366	18	major	major	ADJ
ijosar-1079	366	19	concern	concern	NOUN
ijosar-1079	366	20	raised	raise	VERB
ijosar-1079	366	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	366	22	both	both	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	366	23	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	366	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	366	25	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	366	26	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	366	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	367	1	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	367	2	observed	observe	VERB
ijosar-1079	367	3	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	367	4	nnado	nnado	NOUN
ijosar-1079	367	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	367	6	ugwu	ugwu	ADJ
ijosar-1079	367	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	367	8	2015	2015	NUM
ijosar-1079	367	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	367	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	367	11	external	external	ADJ
ijosar-1079	367	12	societal	societal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	367	13	pressures	pressure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	367	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	367	15	internal	internal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	367	16	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	367	17	compound	compound	VERB
ijosar-1079	367	18	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	367	19	problem	problem	NOUN
ijosar-1079	367	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	367	21	especially	especially	ADV
ijosar-1079	367	22	when	when	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	367	23	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	367	24	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	367	25	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	367	26	minimal	minimal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	367	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	367	28	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	367	29	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	367	30	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	367	31	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	367	32	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	367	33	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	367	34	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	367	35	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	367	36	low	low	ADJ
ijosar-1079	367	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	368	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	368	2	environment	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	368	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	368	4	distrust	distrust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	368	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	368	6	impunity	impunity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	368	7	discourages	discourage	VERB
ijosar-1079	368	8	civic	civic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	368	9	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	368	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	368	11	makes	make	VERB
ijosar-1079	368	12	whistle	whistle	AUX
ijosar-1079	368	13	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	368	14	blowing	blow	VERB
ijosar-1079	368	15	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	368	16	witness	witness	VERB
ijosar-1079	368	17	testimony	testimony	NOUN
ijosar-1079	368	18	risky	risky	ADJ
ijosar-1079	368	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	368	20	thus	thus	ADV
ijosar-1079	368	21	stalling	stall	VERB
ijosar-1079	368	22	investigative	investigative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	368	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	368	24	prosecutorial	prosecutorial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	368	25	progress	progress	NOUN
ijosar-1079	368	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	369	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	369	2	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1079	369	3	socio	socio	NOUN
ijosar-1079	369	4	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	369	5	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	369	6	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	369	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	369	8	unchecked	unchecked	ADJ
ijosar-1079	369	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	369	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	369	11	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	369	12	outlined	outline	VERB
ijosar-1079	369	13	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	369	14	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	369	15	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	369	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	369	17	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	369	18	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	369	19	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	369	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	369	21	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ijosar-1079	369	22	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1079	369	23	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	369	24	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	369	25	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1079	369	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	370	1	abomaye	abomaye	PROPN
ijosar-1079	370	2	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	370	3	nimenibo	nimenibo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	370	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	370	5	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	370	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	370	7	argues	argue	VERB
ijosar-1079	370	8	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	370	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	370	10	fosters	foster	VERB
ijosar-1079	370	11	leadership	leadership	NOUN
ijosar-1079	370	12	failure	failure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	370	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	370	14	bad	bad	ADJ
ijosar-1079	370	15	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	370	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	370	17	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	370	18	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	370	19	turn	turn	NOUN
ijosar-1079	370	20	impede	impede	VERB
ijosar-1079	370	21	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	370	22	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	370	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	371	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	371	2	effects	effect	NOUN
ijosar-1079	371	3	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	371	4	visible	visible	ADJ
ijosar-1079	371	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	371	6	deteriorating	deteriorate	VERB
ijosar-1079	371	7	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	371	8	services	service	NOUN
ijosar-1079	371	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	371	10	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	371	11	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	371	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	371	13	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	371	14	diminished	diminished	ADJ
ijosar-1079	371	15	quality	quality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	371	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	371	17	life	life	NOUN
ijosar-1079	371	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	371	19	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1079	371	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	371	21	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	371	22	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	371	23	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	371	24	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	371	25	education	education	NOUN
ijosar-1079	371	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	371	27	healthcare	healthcare	PROPN
ijosar-1079	371	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	372	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ijosar-1079	372	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	372	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	372	4	jigawa	jigawa	PROPN
ijosar-1079	372	5	state	state	PROPN
ijosar-1079	372	6	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ijosar-1079	372	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	372	8	justice	justice	PROPN
ijosar-1079	372	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	372	10	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	372	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	372	12	highlights	highlight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	13	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	372	14	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	372	15	erosion	erosion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	372	17	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	372	19	rule	rule	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	372	21	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	22	deters	deter	VERB
ijosar-1079	372	23	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	372	25	deepens	deepen	VERB
ijosar-1079	372	26	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	27	—	—	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	372	28	issues	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	29	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	372	30	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	372	31	clearly	clearly	ADV
ijosar-1079	372	32	articulated	articulate	VERB
ijosar-1079	372	33	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	372	34	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	372	35	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	36	section	section	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	37	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	372	38	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1079	372	39	links	link	VERB
ijosar-1079	372	40	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	41	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	372	42	investor	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	43	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	44	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	372	45	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	372	46	instability	instability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	372	47	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	373	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	373	2	essence	essence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	373	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	373	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	373	5	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	373	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	373	7	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	373	8	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	373	9	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	373	10	not	not	PART
ijosar-1079	373	11	isolated	isolate	VERB
ijosar-1079	373	12	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	373	13	rather	rather	ADV
ijosar-1079	373	14	embedded	embed	VERB
ijosar-1079	373	15	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1079	373	16	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	373	17	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1079	373	18	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
ijosar-1079	373	19	consensus	consensus	NOUN
ijosar-1079	373	20	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	373	21	views	view	VERB
ijosar-1079	373	22	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	373	23	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	373	24	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	373	25	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	373	26	both	both	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	373	27	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	373	28	symptom	symptom	NOUN
ijosar-1079	373	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	373	30	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	373	31	cause	cause	NOUN
ijosar-1079	373	32	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	373	33	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	373	34	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	373	35	failure	failure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	373	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	374	1	without	without	ADP
ijosar-1079	374	2	significant	significant	ADJ
ijosar-1079	374	3	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	374	4	aimed	aim	VERB
ijosar-1079	374	5	at	at	ADP
ijosar-1079	374	6	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1079	374	7	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	374	8	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	374	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	374	10	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	374	11	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	374	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	374	13	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	374	14	neutrality	neutrality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	374	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	374	16	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	374	17	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	374	18	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	374	19	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	374	20	will	will	AUX
ijosar-1079	374	21	continue	continue	VERB
ijosar-1079	374	22	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	374	23	be	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	374	24	undermined	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	374	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	375	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	375	2	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1079	375	3	supports	support	VERB
ijosar-1079	375	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	375	5	view	view	NOUN
ijosar-1079	375	6	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	375	7	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
ijosar-1079	375	8	progress	progress	NOUN
ijosar-1079	375	9	requires	require	VERB
ijosar-1079	375	10	more	more	ADJ
ijosar-1079	375	11	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1079	375	12	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	375	13	articulation	articulation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	375	14	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	375	15	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	375	16	demands	demand	VERB
ijosar-1079	375	17	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	375	18	transformation	transformation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	375	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	375	20	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	375	21	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	375	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	375	23	genuine	genuine	ADJ
ijosar-1079	375	24	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	375	25	will	will	NOUN
ijosar-1079	375	26	—	—	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	375	27	factors	factor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	375	28	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	375	29	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	375	30	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	375	31	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	375	32	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ijosar-1079	375	33	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	375	34	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	375	35	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	375	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	376	1	vi	vi	X
ijosar-1079	376	2	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	376	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	376	4	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	376	5	paper	paper	NOUN
ijosar-1079	376	6	examined	examine	VERB
ijosar-1079	376	7	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	376	8	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	376	9	confronting	confront	VERB
ijosar-1079	376	10	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	376	11	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	376	12	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	376	13	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	376	14	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	376	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	376	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	376	17	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	376	18	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	376	19	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	376	20	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	376	21	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	376	22	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	376	23	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	376	24	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	376	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	377	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	377	2	results	result	NOUN
ijosar-1079	377	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
ijosar-1079	377	4	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	377	5	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	377	6	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	377	7	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	377	8	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	377	9	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	377	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	377	11	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	377	12	hampered	hamper	VERB
ijosar-1079	377	13	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	377	14	numerous	numerous	ADJ
ijosar-1079	377	15	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	377	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	377	17	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	377	18	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	377	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	378	1	these	these	PRON
ijosar-1079	378	2	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	378	3	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	378	4	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	378	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	378	6	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ijosar-1079	378	7	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	378	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	378	9	obsolete	obsolete	ADJ
ijosar-1079	378	10	investigative	investigative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	378	11	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	378	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	378	13	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	378	14	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	378	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	378	16	inter	inter	ADJ
ijosar-1079	378	17	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	378	18	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	378	19	rivalry	rivalry	NOUN
ijosar-1079	378	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	379	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	379	2	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ijosar-1079	379	3	significantly	significantly	ADV
ijosar-1079	379	4	weaken	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	379	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	379	6	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	379	7	’	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	379	8	ability	ability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	379	9	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	379	10	investigate	investigate	VERB
ijosar-1079	379	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	379	12	prosecute	prosecute	VERB
ijosar-1079	379	13	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1079	379	14	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	379	15	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1079	379	16	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	379	17	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	379	18	effectively	effectively	ADV
ijosar-1079	379	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	379	20	thereby	thereby	ADV
ijosar-1079	379	21	fostering	foster	VERB
ijosar-1079	379	22	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	379	23	culture	culture	NOUN
ijosar-1079	379	24	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	379	25	impunity	impunity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	379	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	379	27	eroding	erode	VERB
ijosar-1079	379	28	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	379	29	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	379	30	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	379	31	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	379	32	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	379	33	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	379	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	380	1	further	further	ADJ
ijosar-1079	380	2	results	result	NOUN
ijosar-1079	380	3	showed	show	VERB
ijosar-1079	380	4	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	380	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	380	6	inefficiency	inefficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	380	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	380	8	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	380	9	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	380	10	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	380	11	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	380	12	directly	directly	ADV
ijosar-1079	380	13	contributes	contribute	VERB
ijosar-1079	380	14	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	380	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	380	16	diversion	diversion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	380	17	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	380	18	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	380	19	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1079	380	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	380	21	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1079	380	22	service	service	NOUN
ijosar-1079	380	23	delivery	delivery	NOUN
ijosar-1079	380	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	380	25	weakened	weaken	VERB
ijosar-1079	380	26	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	380	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	381	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	381	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	381	3	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	381	4	turn	turn	NOUN
ijosar-1079	381	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	381	6	perpetuates	perpetuate	VERB
ijosar-1079	381	7	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ijosar-1079	381	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	381	9	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	381	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	381	11	underdevelopment	underdevelopment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	381	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	381	13	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1079	381	14	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	381	15	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	381	16	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	381	17	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	381	18	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	381	19	education	education	NOUN
ijosar-1079	381	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	381	21	healthcare	healthcare	NOUN
ijosar-1079	381	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	381	23	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	381	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	382	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ijosar-1079	382	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	382	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	382	4	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	382	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	382	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	382	7	damages	damage	VERB
ijosar-1079	382	8	investor	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1079	382	9	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	382	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	382	11	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	382	12	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	382	13	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	382	14	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	382	15	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	383	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	383	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	383	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	384	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	384	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	384	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	384	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	384	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	384	6	15	15	NUM
ijosar-1079	384	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	384	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	384	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	384	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	384	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	384	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	384	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	384	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	384	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	384	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	384	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	384	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	384	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	384	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	384	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	384	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	385	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	386	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	387	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	387	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	388	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	388	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	388	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	388	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	389	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	389	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	389	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	389	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	389	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	389	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	389	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	389	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	389	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	389	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	389	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	389	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	389	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	389	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	389	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	389	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	389	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	389	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	389	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	389	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	389	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	389	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	389	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	389	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	389	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	389	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	389	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	389	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	389	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	389	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	389	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	389	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	389	33	undermines	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1079	389	34	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	389	35	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	389	36	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	389	37	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
ijosar-1079	389	38	threatening	threaten	VERB
ijosar-1079	389	39	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	389	40	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	389	41	socio	socio	NOUN
ijosar-1079	389	42	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	389	43	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	389	44	stability	stability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	389	45	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	389	46	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	389	47	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	389	48	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	390	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	390	2	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	390	3	contributes	contribute	VERB
ijosar-1079	390	4	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	390	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	390	6	existing	exist	VERB
ijosar-1079	390	7	body	body	NOUN
ijosar-1079	390	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	390	9	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	390	10	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	390	11	providing	provide	VERB
ijosar-1079	390	12	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	390	13	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	390	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	390	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	390	16	entrenched	entrenched	ADJ
ijosar-1079	390	17	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	390	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	390	19	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	390	20	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ijosar-1079	390	21	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	390	22	hinder	hinder	VERB
ijosar-1079	390	23	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	390	24	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	390	25	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	390	26	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	390	27	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	390	28	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	390	29	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	390	30	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	390	31	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	390	32	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	391	1	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1079	391	2	linking	link	VERB
ijosar-1079	391	3	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	391	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	391	5	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	391	6	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1079	391	7	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	391	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	391	9	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	391	10	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1079	391	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	391	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	391	13	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	391	14	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1079	391	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	391	16	complex	complex	ADJ
ijosar-1079	391	17	interplay	interplay	NOUN
ijosar-1079	391	18	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1079	391	19	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	391	20	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	391	21	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	391	22	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	391	23	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	391	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	391	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	391	26	persistence	persistence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	391	27	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	391	28	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ijosar-1079	391	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	391	30	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ijosar-1079	391	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	391	32	underdevelopment	underdevelopment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	391	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	392	1	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1079	392	2	expands	expand	VERB
ijosar-1079	392	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	392	4	discourse	discourse	NOUN
ijosar-1079	392	5	beyond	beyond	ADP
ijosar-1079	392	6	mere	mere	ADJ
ijosar-1079	392	7	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	392	8	critique	critique	NOUN
ijosar-1079	392	9	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	392	10	highlight	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1079	392	11	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	392	12	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	392	13	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	392	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	392	15	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	392	16	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	392	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	392	18	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	392	19	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ijosar-1079	392	20	collectively	collectively	ADV
ijosar-1079	392	21	sustain	sustain	VERB
ijosar-1079	392	22	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	392	23	climate	climate	NOUN
ijosar-1079	392	24	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	392	25	impunity	impunity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	392	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	392	27	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	392	28	failure	failure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	392	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	393	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	393	2	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	393	3	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1079	393	4	sheds	shed	VERB
ijosar-1079	393	5	light	light	NOUN
ijosar-1079	393	6	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	393	7	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	393	8	socio	socio	NOUN
ijosar-1079	393	9	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	393	10	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	393	11	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	393	12	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	393	13	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	393	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	393	15	offering	offer	VERB
ijosar-1079	393	16	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	393	17	insight	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	393	18	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1079	393	19	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	393	20	compromised	compromised	ADJ
ijosar-1079	393	21	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	393	22	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	393	23	erode	erode	VERB
ijosar-1079	393	24	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	393	25	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1079	393	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	393	27	discourage	discourage	VERB
ijosar-1079	393	28	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	393	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	393	30	destabilise	destabilise	VERB
ijosar-1079	393	31	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	393	32	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	393	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	394	1	given	give	VERB
ijosar-1079	394	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	394	3	scope	scope	NOUN
ijosar-1079	394	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	394	5	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	394	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	394	7	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	394	8	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	394	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	394	10	further	further	ADJ
ijosar-1079	394	11	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	394	12	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	394	13	recommended	recommend	VERB
ijosar-1079	394	14	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	394	15	explore	explore	VERB
ijosar-1079	394	16	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	394	17	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	394	18	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	394	19	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	394	20	models	model	NOUN
ijosar-1079	394	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	394	22	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	394	23	developing	develop	VERB
ijosar-1079	394	24	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	394	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	394	26	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1079	394	27	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	394	28	focus	focus	NOUN
ijosar-1079	394	29	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	394	30	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	394	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	394	32	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	394	33	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	394	34	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	394	35	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1079	394	36	yielded	yield	VERB
ijosar-1079	394	37	measurable	measurable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	394	38	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1079	394	39	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	395	1	future	future	ADJ
ijosar-1079	395	2	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	395	3	could	could	AUX
ijosar-1079	395	4	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1079	395	5	examine	examine	VERB
ijosar-1079	395	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	395	7	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1079	395	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	395	9	civil	civil	ADJ
ijosar-1079	395	10	society	society	NOUN
ijosar-1079	395	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	395	12	media	medium	NOUN
ijosar-1079	395	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	395	14	technology	technology	NOUN
ijosar-1079	395	15	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	395	16	promoting	promote	VERB
ijosar-1079	395	17	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	395	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	395	19	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	395	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	395	21	as	as	ADV
ijosar-1079	395	22	well	well	ADV
ijosar-1079	395	23	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	395	24	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	395	25	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	395	26	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
ijosar-1079	395	27	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	395	28	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	395	29	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	395	30	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	395	31	fight	fight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	395	32	against	against	ADP
ijosar-1079	395	33	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	395	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	396	1	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	396	2	inquiries	inquiry	NOUN
ijosar-1079	396	3	will	will	AUX
ijosar-1079	396	4	be	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	396	5	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	396	6	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	396	7	informing	inform	VERB
ijosar-1079	396	8	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	396	9	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ijosar-1079	396	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	396	11	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	396	12	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	396	13	aimed	aim	VERB
ijosar-1079	396	14	at	at	ADP
ijosar-1079	396	15	revitalising	revitalise	VERB
ijosar-1079	396	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	396	17	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	396	18	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	396	19	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	396	20	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	396	21	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	396	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	396	23	advancing	advance	VERB
ijosar-1079	396	24	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	396	25	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	396	26	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	396	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	397	1	vii	vii	PROPN
ijosar-1079	397	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	397	3	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	397	4	based	base	VERB
ijosar-1079	397	5	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	397	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	397	7	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	397	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	397	9	this	this	DET
ijosar-1079	397	10	paper	paper	NOUN
ijosar-1079	397	11	recommends	recommend	VERB
ijosar-1079	397	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	397	13	first	first	ADV
ijosar-1079	397	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	397	15	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	397	16	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ijosar-1079	397	17	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	397	18	reform	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	397	19	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1079	397	20	guarantees	guarantee	VERB
ijosar-1079	397	21	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	397	22	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	397	23	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	397	24	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	397	25	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	397	26	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	397	27	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	397	28	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1079	397	29	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	397	30	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	397	31	efcc	efcc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	397	32	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	397	33	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	397	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	398	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	398	2	should	should	AUX
ijosar-1079	398	3	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	398	4	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	398	5	safeguards	safeguard	NOUN
ijosar-1079	398	6	against	against	ADP
ijosar-1079	398	7	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	398	8	interference	interference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	398	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	398	10	improved	improve	VERB
ijosar-1079	398	11	budgetary	budgetary	ADJ
ijosar-1079	398	12	allocations	allocation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	398	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	398	14	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	398	15	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	398	16	modern	modern	ADJ
ijosar-1079	398	17	investigative	investigative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	398	18	tools	tool	NOUN
ijosar-1079	398	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	398	20	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1079	398	21	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	398	22	enhance	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1079	398	23	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	398	24	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	398	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	399	1	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
ijosar-1079	399	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	399	3	independence	independence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	399	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	399	5	capabilities	capability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	399	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	399	7	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	399	8	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	399	9	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	399	10	essential	essential	ADJ
ijosar-1079	399	11	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	399	12	ensure	ensure	VERB
ijosar-1079	399	13	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	399	14	investigations	investigation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	399	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	399	16	prosecutions	prosecution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	399	17	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	399	18	impartial	impartial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	399	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	399	20	timely	timely	ADJ
ijosar-1079	399	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	399	22	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1079	399	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	400	1	second	second	ADV
ijosar-1079	400	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	400	3	there	there	PRON
ijosar-1079	400	4	is	be	VERB
ijosar-1079	400	5	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	400	6	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	400	7	need	need	NOUN
ijosar-1079	400	8	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	400	9	overhaul	overhaul	VERB
ijosar-1079	400	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	400	11	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	400	12	process	process	NOUN
ijosar-1079	400	13	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	400	14	reduce	reduce	VERB
ijosar-1079	400	15	procedural	procedural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	400	16	delays	delay	NOUN
ijosar-1079	400	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	400	18	ensure	ensure	VERB
ijosar-1079	400	19	swift	swift	ADJ
ijosar-1079	400	20	adjudication	adjudication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	400	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	400	22	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	400	23	cases	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	400	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	401	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1079	401	2	includes	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	401	3	establishing	establish	VERB
ijosar-1079	401	4	special	special	ADJ
ijosar-1079	401	5	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	401	6	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	401	7	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	401	8	courts	court	NOUN
ijosar-1079	401	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	401	10	enforcing	enforce	VERB
ijosar-1079	401	11	strict	strict	ADJ
ijosar-1079	401	12	timelines	timeline	NOUN
ijosar-1079	401	13	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	401	14	case	case	NOUN
ijosar-1079	401	15	resolution	resolution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	401	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	401	17	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1079	401	18	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	401	19	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	401	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	401	21	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	401	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	401	23	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	401	24	officers	officer	NOUN
ijosar-1079	401	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	402	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1079	402	2	steps	step	NOUN
ijosar-1079	402	3	will	will	AUX
ijosar-1079	402	4	help	help	VERB
ijosar-1079	402	5	restore	restore	VERB
ijosar-1079	402	6	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	402	7	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	402	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	402	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	402	10	justice	justice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	402	11	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	402	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	402	13	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
ijosar-1079	402	14	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	402	15	rule	rule	NOUN
ijosar-1079	402	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	402	17	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	402	18	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1079	402	19	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	402	20	cornerstone	cornerstone	NOUN
ijosar-1079	402	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	402	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	402	23	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	402	24	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	402	25	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	402	26	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	402	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	402	28	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	402	29	agenda	agenda	NOUN
ijosar-1079	402	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	403	1	references	reference	NOUN
ijosar-1079	403	2	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	403	3	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1079	403	4	]	]	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	403	5	abomaye	abomaye	ADJ
ijosar-1079	403	6	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	403	7	nimenibo	nimenibo	NOUN
ijosar-1079	403	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	403	9	w.	w.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	403	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	403	11	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	403	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	403	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	404	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	404	2	effect	effect	NOUN
ijosar-1079	404	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	404	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	404	5	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	404	6	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	404	7	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	404	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	404	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	404	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	405	1	global	global	ADJ
ijosar-1079	405	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1079	405	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	405	4	human	human	ADJ
ijosar-1079	405	5	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	405	6	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	405	7	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	405	8	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	405	9	f	f	PROPN
ijosar-1079	405	10	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	405	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	405	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	405	13	22(6	22(6	NUM
ijosar-1079	405	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	405	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	405	16	90	90	NUM
ijosar-1079	405	17	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	405	18	102	102	NUM
ijosar-1079	405	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	406	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	406	2	2	2	NUM
ijosar-1079	406	3	]	]	X
ijosar-1079	406	4	abu	abu	PROPN
ijosar-1079	406	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	406	6	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	406	7	i.	i.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	406	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	406	9	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	406	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	406	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	407	1	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	407	2	appraisal	appraisal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	407	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	407	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	407	5	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1079	407	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	407	7	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	407	8	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	407	9	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	407	10	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	407	11	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	407	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	407	13	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	407	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	407	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	407	16	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1079	407	17	economy	economy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	407	18	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	408	1	zamfara	zamfara	PROPN
ijosar-1079	408	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1079	408	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	408	4	politics	politic	NOUN
ijosar-1079	408	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	408	6	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	408	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	408	8	3(1	3(1	NUM
ijosar-1079	408	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	408	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	408	11	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1079	408	12	-20	-20	NUM
ijosar-1079	408	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	409	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	409	2	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	409	3	]	]	X
ijosar-1079	409	4	adagbabirim	adagbabirim	ADJ
ijosar-1079	409	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	409	6	m.	m.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	409	7	m.	m.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	409	8	,&okolie	,&okolie	PROPN
ijosar-1079	409	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	409	10	u.	u.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	409	11	c.	c.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	409	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	409	13	2016	2016	NUM
ijosar-1079	409	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	409	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	410	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	410	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	410	3	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	410	4	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	410	5	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	410	6	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	410	7	examination	examination	NOUN
ijosar-1079	410	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	410	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	410	10	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	410	11	fourth	fourth	PROPN
ijosar-1079	410	12	republic	republic	NOUN
ijosar-1079	410	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	411	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1079	411	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	411	3	strategic	strategic	PROPN
ijosar-1079	411	4	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	411	5	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	411	6	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	411	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	411	8	1(1	1(1	NUM
ijosar-1079	411	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	411	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	411	11	107116	107116	NUM
ijosar-1079	411	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	412	1	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	412	2	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	412	3	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	412	4	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	412	5	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	413	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	413	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	413	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	414	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	414	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	414	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	414	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	414	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	414	6	16	16	NUM
ijosar-1079	414	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1079	414	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	414	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	414	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	414	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	414	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	414	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	414	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	414	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	414	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	414	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	414	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	414	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	414	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	414	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	414	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	415	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	416	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	417	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	417	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	418	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	418	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	418	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	418	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	419	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	7	daniel2	daniel2	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	9	okoro	okoro	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	419	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	419	15	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	16	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	419	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1079	419	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	419	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	419	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	419	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	419	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	419	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	419	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	419	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	419	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	419	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	419	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	419	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	419	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	33	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	419	34	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1079	419	35	]	]	X
ijosar-1079	419	36	adamaagashi	adamaagashi	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	37	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	38	i.	i.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	39	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	40	onoh	onoh	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	41	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	42	u.	u.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	43	c.	c.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	44	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	45	bello	bello	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	46	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	47	k.	k.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	48	o.	o.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	49	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	50	erezi	erezi	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	51	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	52	e.	e.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	419	53	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	54	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	419	55	brown	brown	ADJ
ijosar-1079	419	56	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	57	ofoeme	ofoeme	NOUN
ijosar-1079	419	58	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	59	m.	m.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	419	60	n.	n.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	419	61	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	62	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	419	63	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	419	64	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	420	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	420	2	fight	fight	NOUN
ijosar-1079	420	3	against	against	ADP
ijosar-1079	420	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	420	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	420	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	420	7	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	420	8	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	420	9	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	420	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ijosar-1079	420	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	421	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	421	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	421	3	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	421	4	administration	administration	NOUN
ijosar-1079	421	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	421	6	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	421	7	welfare	welfare	NOUN
ijosar-1079	421	8	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	421	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	421	10	8(1	8(1	NOUN
ijosar-1079	421	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	421	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	421	13	61	61	NUM
ijosar-1079	421	14	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	421	15	80	80	NUM
ijosar-1079	421	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	422	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	422	2	5	5	NUM
ijosar-1079	422	3	]	]	X
ijosar-1079	422	4	awopeju	awopeju	NOUN
ijosar-1079	422	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	422	6	a.	a.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	422	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	422	8	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	422	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	422	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	423	1	an	an	DET
ijosar-1079	423	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	423	3	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	423	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	423	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	423	6	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1079	423	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	423	8	specialised	specialised	ADJ
ijosar-1079	423	9	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	423	10	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	423	11	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	423	12	policies	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	423	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	423	14	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	423	15	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	423	16	anti	anti	NOUN
ijosar-1079	423	17	-	-	NOUN
ijosar-1079	423	18	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	423	19	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	423	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	423	21	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	424	1	aksu	aksu	PROPN
ijosar-1079	424	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1079	424	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	424	4	administration	administration	NOUN
ijosar-1079	424	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	424	6	corporate	corporate	ADJ
ijosar-1079	424	7	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	424	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	424	9	aksujacog	aksujacog	PROPN
ijosar-1079	424	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	424	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	424	12	2(3	2(3	NUM
ijosar-1079	424	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	424	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	424	15	102	102	NUM
ijosar-1079	424	16	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	424	17	113	113	NUM
ijosar-1079	424	18	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	425	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	425	2	6	6	NUM
ijosar-1079	425	3	]	]	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	425	4	ayozie	ayozie	NOUN
ijosar-1079	425	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	425	6	k.	k.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	425	7	n.	n.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	425	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	425	9	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	425	10	january	january	PROPN
ijosar-1079	425	11	6	6	NUM
ijosar-1079	425	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	425	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	426	1	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	426	2	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	426	3	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	426	4	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	426	5	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	426	6	tools	tool	NOUN
ijosar-1079	426	7	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	426	8	curbing	curb	VERB
ijosar-1079	426	9	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	426	10	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	426	11	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
ijosar-1079	426	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	426	13	promoting	promote	VERB
ijosar-1079	426	14	ethical	ethical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	426	15	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	426	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	427	1	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1079	427	2	day	day	PROPN
ijosar-1079	427	3	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	428	1	https://businessday.ng/opinion/article/anti-graftagencies-tools-for-curbing-public-financial-misconduct-and-promoting-ethical-governance/	https://businessday.ng/opinion/article/anti-graftagencies-tools-for-curbing-public-financial-misconduct-and-promoting-ethical-governance/	X
ijosar-1079	429	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	429	2	7	7	NUM
ijosar-1079	429	3	]	]	X
ijosar-1079	429	4	azeez	azeez	PROPN
ijosar-1079	429	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	429	6	a.	a.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	429	7	,&ajibowu	,&ajibowu	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	429	8	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	429	9	yekini	yekini	NOUN
ijosar-1079	429	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	429	11	m.	m.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	429	12	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	429	13	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	429	14	2018	2018	NUM
ijosar-1079	429	15	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	429	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	430	1	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	430	2	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	430	3	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	430	4	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	430	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	430	6	eradication	eradication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	430	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	430	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	430	9	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	430	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	430	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	431	1	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1079	431	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1079	431	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	431	4	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	431	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	431	6	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	431	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	431	8	7(10	7(10	NUM
ijosar-1079	431	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	431	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	431	11	51	51	NUM
ijosar-1079	431	12	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	431	13	58	58	NUM
ijosar-1079	431	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	432	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	432	2	8	8	NUM
ijosar-1079	432	3	]	]	X
ijosar-1079	432	4	babasola	babasola	NOUN
ijosar-1079	432	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	432	6	o.	o.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	432	7	a.	a.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	432	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	432	9	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1079	432	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	432	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	433	1	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	433	2	-	-	NOUN
ijosar-1079	433	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	433	4	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	433	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	433	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	433	7	1914	1914	NUM
ijosar-1079	433	8	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	433	9	1960	1960	NUM
ijosar-1079	433	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	434	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	434	2	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	434	3	b.	b.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	434	4	owasanoye	owasanoye	PROPN
ijosar-1079	434	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	434	6	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	434	7	akinrinade	akinrinade	PROPN
ijosar-1079	434	8	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	434	9	e.	e.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	434	10	o.	o.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	434	11	okebukola	okebukola	PROPN
ijosar-1079	434	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	434	13	eds	ed	NOUN
ijosar-1079	434	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	434	15	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	434	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	435	1	icpc	icpc	PROPN
ijosar-1079	435	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	435	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	435	4	war	war	NOUN
ijosar-1079	435	5	against	against	ADP
ijosar-1079	435	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	435	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	435	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	435	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	435	10	reflections	reflection	NOUN
ijosar-1079	435	11	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	435	12	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	435	13	new	new	ADJ
ijosar-1079	435	14	vision	vision	NOUN
ijosar-1079	435	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	435	16	pp	pp	ADJ
ijosar-1079	435	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	436	1	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1079	436	2	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	436	3	18	18	NUM
ijosar-1079	436	4	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	436	5	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	437	1	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	437	2	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	437	3	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	437	4	academy	academy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	437	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	437	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	437	7	kilometre	kilometre	PROPN
ijosar-1079	437	8	46	46	NUM
ijosar-1079	437	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	437	10	abuja	abuja	PROPN
ijosar-1079	437	11	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	437	12	keffi	keffi	PROPN
ijosar-1079	437	13	expressway	expressway	NOUN
ijosar-1079	437	14	keffi	keffi	PROPN
ijosar-1079	437	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	437	16	nasarawa	nasarawa	PROPN
ijosar-1079	437	17	state	state	PROPN
ijosar-1079	437	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	437	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	438	1	https://icpc.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/icpcand-the-war-against-corruption-in-nigeria_reflections-for-a-new-vision.pdf	https://icpc.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/icpcand-the-war-against-corruption-in-nigeria_reflections-for-a-new-vision.pdf	PROPN
ijosar-1079	439	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	439	2	9	9	NUM
ijosar-1079	439	3	]	]	X
ijosar-1079	439	4	enweremadu	enweremadu	ADJ
ijosar-1079	439	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	439	6	d.	d.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	439	7	u.	u.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	439	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	439	9	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1079	439	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	439	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	440	1	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	440	2	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	440	3	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	440	4	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	440	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	440	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	440	7	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	440	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	440	9	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	440	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	441	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	441	2	d.	d.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	441	3	u.	u.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	441	4	enweremadu	enweremadu	PROPN
ijosar-1079	441	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	441	6	ed	ed	NOUN
ijosar-1079	441	7	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	441	8	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	441	9	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	442	1	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	442	2	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	442	3	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	442	4	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ijosar-1079	442	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	442	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	442	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	442	8	1999	1999	NUM
ijosar-1079	442	9	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	442	10	2007	2007	NUM
ijosar-1079	442	11	):	):	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	442	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	442	13	politics	politic	NOUN
ijosar-1079	442	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	442	15	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	442	16	failed	fail	VERB
ijosar-1079	442	17	reform	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	442	18	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	442	19	pp.77	pp.77	NOUN
ijosar-1079	442	20	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	442	21	111	111	NUM
ijosar-1079	442	22	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	442	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	443	1	ifra	ifra	PROPN
ijosar-1079	443	2	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	443	3	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	443	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	443	5	zaria	zaria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	443	6	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	444	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	444	2	10	10	NUM
ijosar-1079	444	3	]	]	X
ijosar-1079	444	4	ewa	ewa	PROPN
ijosar-1079	444	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	444	6	u.	u.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	444	7	e.	e.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	444	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	444	9	adesola	adesola	PROPN
ijosar-1079	444	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	444	11	a.	a.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	444	12	w.	w.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	444	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	444	14	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	444	15	kankpang	kankpang	PROPN
ijosar-1079	444	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	444	17	k.	k.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	444	18	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	444	19	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1079	444	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	444	21	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	445	1	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ijosar-1079	445	2	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	445	3	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	445	4	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	445	5	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	445	6	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	445	7	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1079	445	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	445	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	445	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	446	1	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1079	446	2	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1079	446	3	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	446	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	446	5	12(12	12(12	NUM
ijosar-1079	446	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	446	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	446	8	50	50	NUM
ijosar-1079	446	9	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	446	10	60	60	NUM
ijosar-1079	446	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	447	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	447	2	11	11	NUM
ijosar-1079	447	3	]	]	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	447	4	first	first	ADJ
ijosar-1079	447	5	pension	pension	NOUN
ijosar-1079	447	6	custodian	custodian	NOUN
ijosar-1079	447	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	447	8	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1079	447	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	447	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	448	1	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	448	2	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	448	3	bribery	bribery	ADJ
ijosar-1079	448	4	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	448	5	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	448	6	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	448	7	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	449	1	https://firstpensioncustodian.com/usefuls/2023/03/anti-bribery-and-corruption-policy-2022website-upload.pdf	https://firstpensioncustodian.com/usefuls/2023/03/anti-bribery-and-corruption-policy-2022website-upload.pdf	PROPN
ijosar-1079	450	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	450	2	12	12	NUM
ijosar-1079	450	3	]	]	X
ijosar-1079	450	4	idike	idike	NOUN
ijosar-1079	450	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	450	6	a.	a.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	450	7	n.	n.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	450	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	450	9	2014	2014	NUM
ijosar-1079	450	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	450	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	451	1	local	local	ADJ
ijosar-1079	451	2	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	451	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	451	4	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	451	5	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	451	6	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	451	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	451	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	451	9	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	452	1	european	european	ADJ
ijosar-1079	452	2	scientific	scientific	ADJ
ijosar-1079	452	3	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	452	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	452	5	10(25	10(25	PROPN
ijosar-1079	452	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	452	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	452	8	161	161	NUM
ijosar-1079	452	9	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	452	10	170	170	NUM
ijosar-1079	452	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	453	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	453	2	13	13	NUM
ijosar-1079	453	3	]	]	X
ijosar-1079	453	4	igwe	igwe	PROPN
ijosar-1079	453	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	453	6	i.	i.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	453	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	453	8	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	453	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	453	10	february	february	PROPN
ijosar-1079	453	11	11	11	NUM
ijosar-1079	453	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	453	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	454	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	454	2	ranked	rank	VERB
ijosar-1079	454	3	140th	140th	ADJ
ijosar-1079	454	4	out	out	ADP
ijosar-1079	454	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	454	6	180	180	NUM
ijosar-1079	454	7	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	454	8	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1079	454	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	454	10	index	index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	454	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	455	1	channels	channel	NOUN
ijosar-1079	455	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	456	1	https://www.channelstv.com/2025/02/11/nigeria-ranked-140th-out-of-180-on-2024-corruptionindex/	https://www.channelstv.com/2025/02/11/nigeria-ranked-140th-out-of-180-on-2024-corruptionindex/	VERB
ijosar-1079	457	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	457	2	14	14	NUM
ijosar-1079	457	3	]	]	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	457	4	ikpeze	ikpeze	NOUN
ijosar-1079	457	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	457	6	n.	n.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	457	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	457	8	2013	2013	NUM
ijosar-1079	457	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	457	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	458	1	fusion	fusion	NOUN
ijosar-1079	458	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	458	3	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	458	4	–	–	NOUN
ijosar-1079	458	5	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	458	6	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	458	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	458	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	458	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	458	10	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	458	11	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1079	458	12	appraisal	appraisal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	458	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	459	1	afe	afe	PROPN
ijosar-1079	459	2	babalola	babalola	PROPN
ijosar-1079	459	3	university	university	PROPN
ijosar-1079	459	4	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	459	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	459	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	459	7	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ijosar-1079	459	8	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	459	9	law	law	NOUN
ijosar-1079	459	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	459	11	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	459	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	459	13	1(1	1(1	NUM
ijosar-1079	459	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	459	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	459	16	148	148	NUM
ijosar-1079	459	17	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	459	18	167	167	NUM
ijosar-1079	459	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	460	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	460	2	15	15	NUM
ijosar-1079	460	3	]	]	X
ijosar-1079	460	4	india	india	PROPN
ijosar-1079	460	5	free	free	PROPN
ijosar-1079	460	6	notes	note	NOUN
ijosar-1079	460	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	460	8	2014	2014	NUM
ijosar-1079	460	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	460	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	461	1	concept	concept	NOUN
ijosar-1079	461	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	461	3	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	461	4	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	461	5	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	462	1	https://indiafreenotes.com/concept-ofnational-development/	https://indiafreenotes.com/concept-ofnational-development/	PROPN
ijosar-1079	463	1	[	[	X
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ijosar-1079	463	3	]	]	X
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ijosar-1079	463	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	463	6	r.	r.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	463	7	(	(	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	463	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	463	10	.	.	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	464	9	the	the	DET
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ijosar-1079	464	11	to	to	PART
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ijosar-1079	464	15	:	:	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	465	8	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	466	1	|	|	ADV
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ijosar-1079	467	1	|	|	ADV
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ijosar-1079	467	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	467	4	|	|	ADV
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ijosar-1079	467	9	https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4227221	https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4227221	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	467	10	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
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ijosar-1079	467	13	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	467	14	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1079	467	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	467	16	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	467	17	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1079	467	18	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	467	19	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1079	467	20	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1079	467	21	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	467	22	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1079	467	23	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	467	24	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	467	25	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	468	1	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	469	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	470	1	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	470	2	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	471	1	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	471	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	471	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	471	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1079	472	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ijosar-1079	472	2	archibong	archibong	PROPN
ijosar-1079	472	3	essoh1	essoh1	PROPN
ijosar-1079	472	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	472	5	udom	udom	PROPN
ijosar-1079	472	6	sunday	sunday	PROPN
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ijosar-1079	472	8	,	,	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	472	10	sunday	sunday	PROPN
ijosar-1079	472	11	asangausung	asangausung	PROPN
ijosar-1079	472	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1079	472	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	472	14	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	472	15	“	"	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	472	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	472	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	472	21	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	472	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	472	23	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	472	24	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	472	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	472	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	472	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	472	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	472	29	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	472	30	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	472	31	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	472	32	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	472	33	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	472	34	17	17	NUM
ijosar-1079	472	35	]	]	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	472	36	jigawa	jigawa	PROPN
ijosar-1079	472	37	state	state	PROPN
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ijosar-1079	472	40	justice	justice	PROPN
ijosar-1079	472	41	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	472	42	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1079	472	43	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	472	44	.	.	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	473	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	473	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	473	5	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1079	473	6	administration	administration	NOUN
ijosar-1079	473	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	473	8	justice	justice	PROPN
ijosar-1079	473	9	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	473	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	473	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	474	1	https://moj.jg.gov.ng/the-impacts-of-corruption-on-administration-of-justice-in-nigeriabeing-apaper-presented-by-dr-musa-adamu-aliyu-honourable-attorney-general-commissioner-for-justicejigawa-state-at-the/	https://moj.jg.gov.ng/the-impacts-of-corruption-on-administration-of-justice-in-nigeriabeing-apaper-presented-by-dr-musa-adamu-aliyu-honourable-attorney-general-commissioner-for-justicejigawa-state-at-the/	X
ijosar-1079	475	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	475	2	18	18	NUM
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ijosar-1079	475	4	khosla	khosla	PROPN
ijosar-1079	475	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	475	6	a.	a.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	475	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	475	8	2019).national	2019).national	NUM
ijosar-1079	475	9	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	475	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	476	1	https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nationaldevelopment-132499802/132499802	https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nationaldevelopment-132499802/132499802	X
ijosar-1079	476	2	[	[	X
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ijosar-1079	476	4	]	]	X
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ijosar-1079	476	8	federation	federation	PROPN
ijosar-1079	476	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	476	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	476	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	476	12	2000	2000	NUM
ijosar-1079	476	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	476	14	.	.	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	477	4	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1079	477	5	related	relate	VERB
ijosar-1079	477	6	offences	offence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	477	7	act	act	NOUN
ijosar-1079	477	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	477	9	2000	2000	NUM
ijosar-1079	477	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	478	1	https://www.icpc.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/09/corrupt-practices-act2010.pdf	https://www.icpc.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/09/corrupt-practices-act2010.pdf	NOUN
ijosar-1079	479	1	[	[	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	479	2	20	20	NUM
ijosar-1079	479	3	]	]	SYM
ijosar-1079	479	4	nnado	nnado	PROPN
ijosar-1079	479	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	479	6	i.	i.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	479	7	c.	c.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	479	8	,&ugwu	,&ugwu	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	479	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	479	10	c.	c.	PROPN
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ijosar-1079	479	12	(	(	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	479	15	.	.	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	480	5	and	and	CCONJ
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ijosar-1079	480	8	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1079	480	9	(	(	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	480	20	.	.	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	481	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	481	5	5(8	5(8	NUM
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ijosar-1079	481	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	481	8	145	145	NUM
ijosar-1079	481	9	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	481	10	152	152	NUM
ijosar-1079	481	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	482	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	482	2	21	21	NUM
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ijosar-1079	482	5	,	,	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	482	7	(	(	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	483	1	institutionalized	institutionalize	VERB
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ijosar-1079	483	6	crisis	crisis	NOUN
ijosar-1079	483	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	483	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	483	9	.	.	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	484	4	,	,	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	484	9	.	.	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	484	16	144149	144149	NUM
ijosar-1079	484	17	.	.	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	487	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	487	9	2(1	2(1	NUM
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ijosar-1079	487	11	,	,	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	487	13	-	-	SYM
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ijosar-1079	487	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	488	1	[	[	X
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ijosar-1079	488	7	c.	c.	PROPN
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ijosar-1079	488	9	,	,	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	488	14	)	)	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	489	1	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	489	2	,	,	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	489	5	and	and	CCONJ
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ijosar-1079	489	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	489	10	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	489	11	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	489	12	contradictions	contradiction	NOUN
ijosar-1079	489	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	489	14	the	the	DET
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ijosar-1079	489	16	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1079	489	17	nexus	nexus	NOUN
ijosar-1079	489	18	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	490	1	world	world	NOUN
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ijosar-1079	490	3	news	news	NOUN
ijosar-1079	490	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	490	5	56	56	NUM
ijosar-1079	490	6	,	,	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	490	8	-	-	SYM
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ijosar-1079	490	10	.	.	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	491	3	]	]	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	491	5	,	,	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	491	11	.	.	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	492	18	.	.	PUNCT
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ijosar-1079	493	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	493	3	money	money	NOUN
ijosar-1079	493	4	laundering	laundering	NOUN
ijosar-1079	493	5	control	control	NOUN
ijosar-1079	493	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	493	7	26(7),1	26(7),1	NUM
ijosar-1079	493	8	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	493	9	27	27	NUM
ijosar-1079	493	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	494	1	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	494	2	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1079	494	3	]	]	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	494	4	rose	rose	NOUN
ijosar-1079	494	5	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	494	6	ackerman	ackerman	NOUN
ijosar-1079	494	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	494	8	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	494	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	494	10	1978	1978	NUM
ijosar-1079	494	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	494	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	495	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	495	2	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	495	3	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	495	4	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	495	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	495	6	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	495	7	economy	economy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	495	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	496	1	academic	academic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	496	2	press	press	PROPN
ijosar-1079	496	3	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	497	1	sanni	sanni	PROPN
ijosar-1079	497	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	497	3	k.	k.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	497	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	497	5	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1079	497	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	497	7	december	december	PROPN
ijosar-1079	497	8	6	6	NUM
ijosar-1079	497	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	497	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	498	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	498	2	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	498	3	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	498	4	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	498	5	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	498	6	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	498	7	recover	recover	VERB
ijosar-1079	498	8	n900	n900	NUM
ijosar-1079	498	9	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1079	498	10	looted	loot	VERB
ijosar-1079	498	11	assets	asset	NOUN
ijosar-1079	498	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	498	13	20	20	NUM
ijosar-1079	498	14	years	year	NOUN
ijosar-1079	498	15	–	–	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	498	16	cdd	cdd	PROPN
ijosar-1079	498	17	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1079	498	18	premium	premium	PROPN
ijosar-1079	498	19	times	times	PROPN
ijosar-1079	498	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	499	1	https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/499315nigerias-anti-graft-agencies-recover-n900-billion-looted-assets-in-20-years-cdd.html?tztc=1	https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/499315nigerias-anti-graft-agencies-recover-n900-billion-looted-assets-in-20-years-cdd.html?tztc=1	NOUN
ijosar-1079	499	2	[	[	X
ijosar-1079	499	3	26	26	NUM
ijosar-1079	499	4	]	]	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	499	5	umoru	umoru	NOUN
ijosar-1079	499	6	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	499	7	oki	oki	NOUN
ijosar-1079	499	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	499	9	u.	u.	NOUN
ijosar-1079	499	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	499	11	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1079	499	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	499	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	500	1	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	500	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	500	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	500	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	500	5	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	500	6	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	500	7	graft	graft	ADJ
ijosar-1079	500	8	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	500	9	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	500	10	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1079	500	11	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	500	12	a	a	DET
ijosar-1079	500	13	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ijosar-1079	500	14	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1079	500	15	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	500	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	500	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	500	18	uganda	uganda	PROPN
ijosar-1079	500	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	501	1	nigerian	nigerian	PROPN
ijosar-1079	501	2	academy	academy	PROPN
ijosar-1079	501	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	501	4	management	management	PROPN
ijosar-1079	501	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	501	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	501	7	14(1	14(1	NUM
ijosar-1079	501	8	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	501	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	501	10	34	34	NUM
ijosar-1079	501	11	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1079	501	12	41	41	NUM
ijosar-1079	501	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	502	1	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737828	NOUN
ijosar-1079	502	2	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1079	502	3	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1079	502	4	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1079	502	5	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1079	503	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	503	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1079	503	3	05	05	NUM
ijosar-1079	504	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	504	2	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1079	504	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1079	504	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1079	504	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	6	18	18	NUM
ijosar-1079	504	7	https://www.emerald.com/insight/search?q=olusola%20joshua%20olujobi	https://www.emerald.com/insight/search?q=olusola%20joshua%20olujobi	PROPN
ijosar-1079	504	8	https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/499315-nigerias-anti-graft-agencies-recover-n900-billion-looted-assets-in-20-years-cdd.html?tztc=1	https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/499315-nigerias-anti-graft-agencies-recover-n900-billion-looted-assets-in-20-years-cdd.html?tztc=1	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	9	https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/499315-nigerias-anti-graft-agencies-recover-n900-billion-looted-assets-in-20-years-cdd.html?tztc=1	https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/499315-nigerias-anti-graft-agencies-recover-n900-billion-looted-assets-in-20-years-cdd.html?tztc=1	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	10	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	11	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	504	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	504	13	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	504	14	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	15	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	16	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	17	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	504	19	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	20	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1079	504	21	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	22	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	23	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	504	24	summary	summary	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	504	26	key	key	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	27	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	28	identified	identify	VERB
ijosar-1079	504	29	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1079	504	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	504	31	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	32	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	504	33	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	34	loopholes	loophole	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	35	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	504	36	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	37	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	38	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	504	39	personnel	personnel	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	40	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	504	41	pliticisation	pliticisation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	42	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	504	43	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	44	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	45	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	46	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	47	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	504	48	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	49	judicial	judicial	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	50	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	51	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	504	52	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	53	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	54	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	504	55	public	public	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	56	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	57	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	504	58	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	59	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	504	60	societal	societal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	61	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	62	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	504	63	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	64	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	65	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1079	504	66	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	67	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	68	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	69	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	70	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	504	71	absence	absence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	72	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	504	73	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	74	will	will	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	75	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	504	76	sector	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	77	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	504	78	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	79	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1079	504	80	failures	failure	NOUN
ijosar-1079	504	81	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	505	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	505	2	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ijosar-1079	505	3	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1079	505	4	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1079	505	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1079	505	6	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1079	505	7	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	505	8	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	505	9	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	505	10	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1079	505	11	significantly	significantly	ADV
ijosar-1079	505	12	impair	impair	VERB
ijosar-1079	505	13	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	505	14	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	505	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	506	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ijosar-1079	506	2	compromises	compromise	VERB
ijosar-1079	506	3	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1079	506	4	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1079	506	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	506	6	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1079	506	7	stability	stability	NOUN
ijosar-1079	506	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	506	9	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1079	506	10	equity	equity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	506	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	506	12	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1079	506	13	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	506	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	507	1	until	until	SCONJ
ijosar-1079	507	2	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1079	507	3	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1079	507	4	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1079	507	5	implemented	implement	VERB
ijosar-1079	507	6	to	to	PART
ijosar-1079	507	7	enhance	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1079	507	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1079	507	9	independence	independence	NOUN
ijosar-1079	507	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	507	11	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1079	507	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1079	507	13	credibility	credibility	NOUN
ijosar-1079	507	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1079	507	15	anti	anti	ADJ
ijosar-1079	507	16	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1079	507	17	corruption	corruption	ADJ
ijosar-1079	507	18	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1079	507	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1079	507	20	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1079	507	21	contribution	contribution	NOUN
ijosar-1079	507	22	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1079	507	23	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1079	507	24	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1079	507	25	will	will	AUX
ijosar-1079	507	26	remain	remain	VERB
ijosar-1079	507	27	marginal	marginal	ADJ
ijosar-1079	507	28	.	.	PUNCT