id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ijosar-1138	1	1	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	1	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	1	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	1	4	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	1	5	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	1	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	1	7	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	1	8	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	1	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	1	10	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	1	11	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	1	12	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	1	13	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	1	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	1	15	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	1	16	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	1	17	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	1	18	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	1	19	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	1	20	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	1	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	1	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	2	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	2	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	2	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	2	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	2	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	2	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	2	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	3	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	3	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	3	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	3	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	3	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	3	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	19	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	20	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	3	22	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	23	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	24	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	3	25	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	26	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	27	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	3	28	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	29	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	3	30	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	31	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	32	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	3	33	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	3	34	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	35	lead	lead	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	36	author	author	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	37	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	38	babarinde	babarinde	ADJ
ijosar-1138	3	39	funto	funto	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	40	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	41	phd	phd	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	42	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	43	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	3	44	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	3	45	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	3	46	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	47	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	48	agency	agency	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	49	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	3	50	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	51	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	52	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	53	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	54	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	55	abuja	abuja	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	56	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	57	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	58	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
ijosar-1138	3	59	author	author	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	60	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	61	nweke	nweke	ADJ
ijosar-1138	3	62	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	63	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	64	henry	henry	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	65	department	department	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	66	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	3	67	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1138	3	68	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	69	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	3	70	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	3	71	relations	relation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	72	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	73	landmark	landmark	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	74	university	university	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	75	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	76	omuaran	omuaran	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	77	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	78	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	79	david	david	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	80	samuel	samuel	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	81	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	82	international	international	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	83	university	university	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	84	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	3	85	management	management	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	86	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	87	windhoek	windhoek	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	88	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	89	namibia	namibia	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	90	abstract	abstract	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	91	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	92	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	3	93	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	94	examines	examine	VERB
ijosar-1138	3	95	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	3	96	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	3	97	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	98	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	3	99	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	3	100	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	3	101	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	3	102	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	3	103	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	104	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	105	agency	agency	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	106	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	3	107	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	108	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	109	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	3	110	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	3	111	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	3	112	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	3	113	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	114	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	115	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	3	116	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	3	117	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	3	118	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	4	1	anchored	anchor	VERB
ijosar-1138	4	2	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	4	3	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	4	4	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	4	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	4	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	4	7	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	4	8	interrogates	interrogate	VERB
ijosar-1138	4	9	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	4	10	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	4	11	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	4	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	4	13	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	4	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	4	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	4	16	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	4	17	coherence	coherence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	4	18	influence	influence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	4	19	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	4	20	–	–	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	4	21	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	4	22	linkages	linkage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	4	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	5	1	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	5	2	mixed	mix	VERB
ijosar-1138	5	3	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	5	4	methods	method	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	5	approach	approach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	6	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	5	7	employed	employ	VERB
ijosar-1138	5	8	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	5	9	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	10	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	11	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	5	12	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	5	13	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	14	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	5	15	triangulated	triangulate	VERB
ijosar-1138	5	16	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	5	17	13	13	NUM
ijosar-1138	5	18	key	key	ADJ
ijosar-1138	5	19	informant	informant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	20	interviews	interview	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	21	drawn	draw	VERB
ijosar-1138	5	22	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	5	23	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	5	24	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	5	26	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	5	27	operators	operator	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	5	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	5	30	diaspora	diaspora	VERB
ijosar-1138	5	31	investors.the	investors.the	DET
ijosar-1138	5	32	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	33	reveal	reveal	VERB
ijosar-1138	5	34	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	5	35	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	5	36	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	5	37	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
ijosar-1138	5	38	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	5	39	intent	intent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	40	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	5	41	policies	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	42	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	5	43	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	5	44	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	5	45	bonds	bond	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	46	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	5	47	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	48	promotion	promotion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	49	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	50	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	5	51	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	5	52	integration	integration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	53	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	5	54	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	5	55	african	african	PROPN
ijosar-1138	5	56	continental	continental	PROPN
ijosar-1138	5	57	free	free	PROPN
ijosar-1138	5	58	trade	trade	PROPN
ijosar-1138	5	59	area	area	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	60	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	5	61	afcfta	afcfta	PROPN
ijosar-1138	5	62	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	5	63	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	5	64	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	5	65	practical	practical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	5	66	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	67	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	5	68	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	5	69	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	5	70	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1138	5	71	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	5	72	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	6	1	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1138	6	2	10.8	10.8	NUM
ijosar-1138	6	3	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	6	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	6	5	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	6	6	reported	report	VERB
ijosar-1138	6	7	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	6	8	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	6	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	6	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	6	11	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	6	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	6	13	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	6	14	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	6	15	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1138	6	16	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	6	17	reached	reach	VERB
ijosar-1138	6	18	just	just	ADV
ijosar-1138	6	19	6.2	6.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	6	20	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	6	21	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	7	1	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	7	2	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	7	3	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1138	7	4	underscore	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1138	7	5	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	7	6	disconnect	disconnect	NOUN
ijosar-1138	7	7	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1138	7	8	program	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	7	9	design	design	NOUN
ijosar-1138	7	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	7	11	investor	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	7	12	needs	need	NOUN
ijosar-1138	7	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	7	14	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	7	15	co	co	NOUN
ijosar-1138	7	16	-	-	NOUN
ijosar-1138	7	17	authors	author	NOUN
ijosar-1138	7	18	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	7	19	babarinde	babarinde	PROPN
ijosar-1138	7	20	oluwagbohunmi	oluwagbohunmi	PROPN
ijosar-1138	7	21	department	department	PROPN
ijosar-1138	7	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	7	23	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1138	7	24	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	7	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	7	26	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	7	27	relations	relation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	7	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	7	29	landmark	landmark	PROPN
ijosar-1138	7	30	university	university	PROPN
ijosar-1138	7	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	7	32	omuaran	omuaran	PROPN
ijosar-1138	7	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	7	34	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	8	1	olaoluwa	olaoluwa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	8	2	ayodele	ayodele	PROPN
ijosar-1138	8	3	michael	michael	PROPN
ijosar-1138	8	4	programme	programme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	8	5	manager	manager	NOUN
ijosar-1138	8	6	g	g	NOUN
ijosar-1138	8	7	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	8	8	faise	faise	ADJ
ijosar-1138	8	9	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	8	10	limited	limit	VERB
ijosar-1138	8	11	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	8	12	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	8	13	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	8	14	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	9	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	9	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	9	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	10	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	10	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	10	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	10	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	10	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	10	6	114	114	NUM
ijosar-1138	10	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	10	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	10	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	10	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	10	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	10	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	10	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	10	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	10	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	10	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	10	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	10	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	10	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	10	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	10	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	10	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	10	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	10	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	10	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	10	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	10	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	10	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	10	29	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	11	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	11	2	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	11	3	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	11	4	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	11	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	11	6	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	11	7	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	12	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	12	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	12	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	12	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	12	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	12	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	12	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	12	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	12	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	12	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	12	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	12	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	12	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	12	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	12	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	12	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	12	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	12	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	12	19	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	12	20	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	12	21	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1138	12	22	bypassing	bypass	VERB
ijosar-1138	12	23	smedan	smedan	NOUN
ijosar-1138	12	24	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	12	25	favor	favor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	12	26	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	12	27	informal	informal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	12	28	networks	network	NOUN
ijosar-1138	12	29	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	12	30	direct	direct	ADJ
ijosar-1138	12	31	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	12	32	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	12	33	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1138	12	34	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	12	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	13	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	13	2	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	13	3	concludes	conclude	VERB
ijosar-1138	13	4	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	13	5	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	13	6	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	13	7	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	13	8	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	13	9	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	13	10	constrained	constrain	VERB
ijosar-1138	13	11	not	not	PART
ijosar-1138	13	12	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	13	13	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	13	14	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1138	13	15	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	13	16	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	13	17	vision	vision	NOUN
ijosar-1138	13	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	13	19	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	13	20	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	13	21	gaps	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	13	22	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	13	23	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	13	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	13	25	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	13	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	13	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	13	28	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	13	29	credibility	credibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	13	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	14	1	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	14	2	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1138	14	3	establishing	establish	VERB
ijosar-1138	14	4	dedicated	dedicated	ADJ
ijosar-1138	14	5	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	14	6	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	14	7	desks	desk	NOUN
ijosar-1138	14	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	14	9	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
ijosar-1138	14	10	inter	inter	ADJ
ijosar-1138	14	11	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	14	12	agency	agency	ADJ
ijosar-1138	14	13	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	14	14	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	14	15	bodies	body	NOUN
ijosar-1138	14	16	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	14	17	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	14	18	nidcom	nidcom	NOUN
ijosar-1138	14	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	14	20	nipc	nipc	PROPN
ijosar-1138	14	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	14	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	14	23	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1138	14	24	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	14	25	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	14	26	digital	digital	ADJ
ijosar-1138	14	27	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	14	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	15	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
ijosar-1138	15	2	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	15	3	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	15	4	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	15	5	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	15	6	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	15	7	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	15	8	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	15	9	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	15	10	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	15	11	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	15	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	15	13	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	15	14	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	15	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	15	16	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	15	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	15	18	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	15	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	15	20	1	1	X
ijosar-1138	15	21	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	16	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	16	2	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	17	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	17	4	most	most	ADV
ijosar-1138	17	5	populated	populated	ADJ
ijosar-1138	17	6	nation	nation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	8	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	17	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	10	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	11	an	an	DET
ijosar-1138	17	12	estimated	estimate	VERB
ijosar-1138	17	13	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	17	14	gdp	gdp	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	15	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	16	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1138	17	17	568	568	NUM
ijosar-1138	17	18	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1138	17	19	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	20	real	real	ADJ
ijosar-1138	17	21	terms	term	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	22	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	23	world	world	PROPN
ijosar-1138	17	24	bank	bank	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	26	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	17	27	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	29	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	17	30	long	long	ADV
ijosar-1138	17	31	relied	rely	VERB
ijosar-1138	17	32	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	33	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	17	34	informal	informal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	17	35	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	17	36	formal	formal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	17	37	sector	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	38	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	39	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	17	40	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	41	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	42	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	43	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	17	44	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	17	45	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	17	46	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	47	sized	sized	ADJ
ijosar-1138	17	48	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	49	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	50	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	51	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	52	contributing	contribute	VERB
ijosar-1138	17	53	significantly	significantly	ADV
ijosar-1138	17	54	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	55	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	17	56	socio	socio	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	57	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	58	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	17	59	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	60	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	61	aikor	aikor	ADJ
ijosar-1138	17	62	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	63	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	17	64	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	65	etim	etim	PROPN
ijosar-1138	17	66	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	17	67	daramola	daramola	PROPN
ijosar-1138	17	68	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	69	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	17	70	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	71	nor	nor	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	17	72	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	73	2024).according	2024).accorde	VERB
ijosar-1138	17	74	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	75	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	17	76	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	17	77	joint	joint	ADJ
ijosar-1138	17	78	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	17	79	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	17	80	nbs	nbs	PROPN
ijosar-1138	17	81	survey	survey	PROPN
ijosar-1138	17	82	report	report	PROPN
ijosar-1138	17	83	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	84	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	17	85	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	17	86	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	17	87	reportedly	reportedly	ADV
ijosar-1138	17	88	home	home	ADV
ijosar-1138	17	89	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	90	over	over	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	91	39.6	39.6	NUM
ijosar-1138	17	92	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1138	17	93	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	94	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	95	constituting	constitute	VERB
ijosar-1138	17	96	97	97	NUM
ijosar-1138	17	97	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	98	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	99	businesses	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	100	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	17	101	contributing	contribute	VERB
ijosar-1138	17	102	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	103	about	about	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	104	48	48	NUM
ijosar-1138	17	105	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	17	106	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	17	107	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	17	108	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	17	109	gdp	gdp	PROPN
ijosar-1138	17	110	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	111	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	17	112	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	17	113	nbs	nbs	PROPN
ijosar-1138	17	114	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	115	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	17	116	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	17	117	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	18	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	18	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	18	3	same	same	ADJ
ijosar-1138	18	4	vein	vein	NOUN
ijosar-1138	18	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	18	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	18	7	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	18	8	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	18	9	made	make	VERB
ijosar-1138	18	10	up	up	ADP
ijosar-1138	18	11	6.21	6.21	NUM
ijosar-1138	18	12	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	18	13	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	18	14	gross	gross	ADJ
ijosar-1138	18	15	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	18	16	exports	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	18	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	18	18	88	88	NUM
ijosar-1138	18	19	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	18	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	18	21	employment	employment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	18	22	generated	generate	VERB
ijosar-1138	18	23	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1138	18	24	same	same	ADJ
ijosar-1138	18	25	year(pwc	year(pwc	NOUN
ijosar-1138	18	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	18	27	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	18	28	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	18	29	..	..	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	19	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	19	2	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	19	3	country	country	NOUN
ijosar-1138	19	4	grappling	grapple	VERB
ijosar-1138	19	5	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	19	6	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1138	19	7	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	19	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	19	9	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ijosar-1138	19	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	19	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	19	12	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	19	13	youthful	youthful	ADJ
ijosar-1138	19	14	population	population	NOUN
ijosar-1138	19	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	19	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	19	17	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	19	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	19	19	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	19	20	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	19	21	therefore	therefore	ADV
ijosar-1138	19	22	vital	vital	ADJ
ijosar-1138	19	23	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	19	24	attaining	attain	VERB
ijosar-1138	19	25	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	19	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	19	27	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	19	28	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	19	29	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	19	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	20	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ijosar-1138	20	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	20	3	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	20	4	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	20	5	smes	smes	PROPN
ijosar-1138	20	6	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	20	7	act	act	VERB
ijosar-1138	20	8	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	20	9	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	20	10	driving	drive	VERB
ijosar-1138	20	11	force	force	NOUN
ijosar-1138	20	12	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	20	13	socio	socio	NOUN
ijosar-1138	20	14	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	20	15	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	20	16	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	20	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	20	18	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1138	20	19	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	20	20	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1138	20	21	local	local	ADJ
ijosar-1138	20	22	production	production	NOUN
ijosar-1138	20	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	20	24	promoting	promote	VERB
ijosar-1138	20	25	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	20	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	20	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	20	28	promoting	promote	VERB
ijosar-1138	20	29	innovation	innovation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	20	30	among	among	ADP
ijosar-1138	20	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	20	32	women	woman	NOUN
ijosar-1138	20	33	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	20	34	aikor	aikor	ADJ
ijosar-1138	20	35	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	20	36	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	20	37	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	20	38	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	21	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	21	2	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	21	3	especially	especially	ADV
ijosar-1138	21	4	vital	vital	ADJ
ijosar-1138	21	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	21	6	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	21	7	nation	nation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	21	8	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	21	9	informal	informal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	21	10	sector	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1138	21	11	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	21	12	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	21	13	play	play	VERB
ijosar-1138	21	14	substantial	substantial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	21	15	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	21	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	22	1	etim	etim	PROPN
ijosar-1138	22	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	22	3	daramola	daramola	PROPN
ijosar-1138	22	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	22	5	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	22	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	22	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	22	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	22	9	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	22	10	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	22	11	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	22	12	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	22	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	22	14	informal	informal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	22	15	sector	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1138	22	16	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	22	17	activities	activity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	22	18	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	22	19	south	south	PROPN
ijosar-1138	22	20	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	22	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	22	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	22	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	22	24	assert	assert	VERB
ijosar-1138	22	25	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	22	26	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	22	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	22	28	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1138	22	29	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	22	30	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	22	31	informal	informal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	22	32	setting	setting	NOUN
ijosar-1138	22	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	22	34	contribute	contribute	VERB
ijosar-1138	22	35	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	22	36	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	22	37	resilience	resilience	NOUN
ijosar-1138	22	38	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	22	39	household	household	NOUN
ijosar-1138	22	40	income	income	NOUN
ijosar-1138	22	41	generation	generation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	22	42	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	22	43	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1138	22	44	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	22	45	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	22	46	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	22	47	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	22	48	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	22	49	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
ijosar-1138	22	50	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	22	51	environment	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	22	52	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	23	1	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	23	2	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	23	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	23	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	24	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	24	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	24	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	25	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	25	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	25	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	25	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	25	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	25	6	115	115	NUM
ijosar-1138	25	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	25	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	25	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	25	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	25	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	25	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	25	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	25	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	25	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	25	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	25	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	25	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	25	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	25	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	25	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	25	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	25	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	25	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	25	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	25	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	25	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	25	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	25	29	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	25	30	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	25	31	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	25	32	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	25	33	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	25	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	25	35	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	25	36	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	26	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	26	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	26	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	26	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	26	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	26	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	26	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	26	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	26	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	26	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	26	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	26	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	26	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	26	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	26	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	26	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	26	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	26	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	26	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	26	20	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	26	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	26	22	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	26	23	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	26	24	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	26	25	agency	agency	PROPN
ijosar-1138	26	26	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	26	27	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	26	28	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	26	29	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	26	30	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	26	31	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	26	32	founded	found	VERB
ijosar-1138	26	33	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	26	34	2003	2003	NUM
ijosar-1138	26	35	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	26	36	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	26	37	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	26	38	act	act	NOUN
ijosar-1138	26	39	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	26	40	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	26	41	sole	sole	ADJ
ijosar-1138	26	42	aim	aim	NOUN
ijosar-1138	26	43	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	26	44	advancing	advance	VERB
ijosar-1138	26	45	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	26	46	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	26	47	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	26	48	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	26	49	sector	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1138	26	50	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	26	51	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	26	52	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	26	53	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	26	54	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	26	55	2003	2003	NUM
ijosar-1138	26	56	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	26	57	2025a	2025a	NUM
ijosar-1138	26	58	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	26	59	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	27	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	27	2	institution	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	3	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	27	4	created	create	VERB
ijosar-1138	27	5	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	27	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	27	7	federal	federal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	27	8	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	27	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	27	11	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	27	12	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	27	13	one	one	NUM
ijosar-1138	27	14	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	27	15	stop	stop	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	16	institution	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	17	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	27	18	provide	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	27	19	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	27	21	coordinate	coordinate	VERB
ijosar-1138	27	22	empowerment	empowerment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	27	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	27	25	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	26	direction	direction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	27	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	27	28	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	27	29	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	30	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	27	31	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	27	32	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	33	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	27	34	recognition	recognition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	35	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	27	36	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	27	37	vital	vital	ADJ
ijosar-1138	27	38	importance	importance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	39	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	27	40	played	play	VERB
ijosar-1138	27	41	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	27	42	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	43	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	27	44	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	27	45	empowerment	empowerment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	46	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	27	47	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	27	48	employment	employment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	49	generation	generation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	50	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	27	51	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	52	reduction	reduction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	53	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	27	54	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	27	55	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	27	56	diversification	diversification	NOUN
ijosar-1138	27	57	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	28	1	several	several	ADJ
ijosar-1138	28	2	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	28	3	acknowledge	acknowledge	VERB
ijosar-1138	28	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	28	5	positive	positive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	28	6	mediating	mediating	NOUN
ijosar-1138	28	7	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	28	8	created	create	VERB
ijosar-1138	28	9	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	28	10	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	28	11	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	28	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	28	13	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	28	14	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	28	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	28	16	socio	socio	NOUN
ijosar-1138	28	17	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	28	18	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	28	19	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	28	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	28	21	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	28	22	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	28	23	abah	abah	VERB
ijosar-1138	28	24	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	28	25	okike	okike	ADJ
ijosar-1138	28	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	28	27	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	28	28	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	28	29	garba	garba	PROPN
ijosar-1138	28	30	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	28	31	ahmed	ahmed	PROPN
ijosar-1138	28	32	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	28	33	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	28	34	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	28	35	gumel	gumel	PROPN
ijosar-1138	28	36	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	28	37	bardai	bardai	PROPN
ijosar-1138	28	38	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	28	39	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	28	40	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	28	41	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	29	1	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	29	2	operates	operate	VERB
ijosar-1138	29	3	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	29	4	guidance	guidance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	29	5	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	29	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	29	7	federal	federal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	29	8	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ijosar-1138	29	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	29	10	industry	industry	PROPN
ijosar-1138	29	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	29	12	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	29	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	29	14	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	29	15	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	29	16	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	29	17	mandate	mandate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	29	18	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	29	19	simulate	simulate	VERB
ijosar-1138	29	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	29	21	monitor	monitor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	29	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	29	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	29	24	coordinate	coordinate	VERB
ijosar-1138	29	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	29	26	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	29	27	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	29	28	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	29	29	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	29	30	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	29	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	30	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	30	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	30	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	30	5	organization	organization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	6	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	30	7	shouldered	shoulder	VERB
ijosar-1138	30	8	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	30	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	30	10	task	task	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	11	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	30	12	formulating	formulate	VERB
ijosar-1138	30	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	30	14	implementing	implement	VERB
ijosar-1138	30	15	supportive	supportive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	30	16	policies	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	30	18	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	30	19	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	20	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	30	21	fiancé	fiancé	ADJ
ijosar-1138	30	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	30	23	providing	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	30	24	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	25	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	26	services	service	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	30	28	supporting	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	30	29	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	30	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	30	31	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	32	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	30	34	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	30	35	creating	create	VERB
ijosar-1138	30	36	market	market	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	37	linkage	linkage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	38	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	30	39	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	30	40	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	31	1	one	one	NUM
ijosar-1138	31	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	31	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	31	4	key	key	ADJ
ijosar-1138	31	5	functions	function	NOUN
ijosar-1138	31	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	31	7	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	31	8	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	31	9	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	31	10	foster	foster	VERB
ijosar-1138	31	11	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	31	12	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	31	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	31	14	an	an	DET
ijosar-1138	31	15	enabling	enable	VERB
ijosar-1138	31	16	environment	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	31	17	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	31	18	allows	allow	VERB
ijosar-1138	31	19	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	31	20	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	31	21	thrive	thrive	VERB
ijosar-1138	31	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	31	23	especially	especially	ADV
ijosar-1138	31	24	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	31	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	31	26	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
ijosar-1138	31	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	31	28	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	31	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	31	30	service	service	NOUN
ijosar-1138	31	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	31	32	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	31	33	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1138	31	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	32	1	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	32	2	achieve	achieve	VERB
ijosar-1138	32	3	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	32	4	objectives	objective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	32	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	32	7	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	8	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	32	9	launched	launch	VERB
ijosar-1138	32	10	several	several	ADJ
ijosar-1138	32	11	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	12	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	32	13	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	32	14	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	32	15	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	32	16	msmes	msmes	PROPN
ijosar-1138	32	17	clinics	clinic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	32	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	32	20	conditional	conditional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	32	21	grant	grant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	22	scheme	scheme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	32	24	cgs	cgs	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	25	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	32	26	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	32	27	micro	micro	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	28	-	-	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	29	businesses	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	32	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	32	32	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1138	32	33	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	34	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	32	35	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	36	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	32	37	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	38	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	39	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	40	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1138	32	41	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	32	42	country	country	NOUN
ijosar-1138	32	43	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	32	44	gumel	gumel	PROPN
ijosar-1138	32	45	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	32	46	bardai	bardai	PROPN
ijosar-1138	32	47	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	32	48	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	32	49	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	32	50	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	33	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	33	2	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	33	3	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	33	4	made	make	VERB
ijosar-1138	33	5	significant	significant	ADJ
ijosar-1138	33	6	strides	stride	NOUN
ijosar-1138	33	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	33	8	supporting	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	33	9	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	33	10	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1138	33	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	33	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	33	13	there	there	PRON
ijosar-1138	33	14	is	be	VERB
ijosar-1138	33	15	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	33	16	documentation	documentation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	33	17	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	33	18	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	33	19	effort	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1138	33	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	33	21	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	33	22	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	33	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	33	24	local	local	ADJ
ijosar-1138	33	25	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	33	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	34	1	given	give	VERB
ijosar-1138	34	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	34	3	rising	rise	VERB
ijosar-1138	34	4	global	global	ADJ
ijosar-1138	34	5	trend	trend	NOUN
ijosar-1138	34	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	34	7	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1138	34	8	leveraging	leverage	VERB
ijosar-1138	34	9	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	34	10	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1138	34	11	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	34	12	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	34	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	34	14	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	34	15	area	area	NOUN
ijosar-1138	34	16	presents	present	VERB
ijosar-1138	34	17	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	34	18	largely	largely	ADV
ijosar-1138	34	19	untapped	untapped	ADJ
ijosar-1138	34	20	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	34	21	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	34	22	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	34	23	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	34	24	expand	expand	VERB
ijosar-1138	34	25	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	34	26	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	34	27	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	34	28	idehen	idehen	ADV
ijosar-1138	34	29	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	34	30	akhator	akhator	NOUN
ijosar-1138	34	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	34	32	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	34	33	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	34	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	35	1	yet	yet	ADV
ijosar-1138	35	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	35	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	35	4	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1138	35	5	contributions	contribution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	35	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	35	7	smedan	smedan	NOUN
ijosar-1138	35	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	35	9	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	35	10	domain	domain	NOUN
ijosar-1138	35	11	warrant	warrant	VERB
ijosar-1138	35	12	closer	close	ADJ
ijosar-1138	35	13	examination	examination	NOUN
ijosar-1138	35	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	36	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	36	2	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	36	3	therefore	therefore	ADV
ijosar-1138	36	4	investigates	investigate	VERB
ijosar-1138	36	5	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	36	6	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	36	7	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	36	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	36	9	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
ijosar-1138	36	10	sme	sme	ADJ
ijosar-1138	36	11	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	36	12	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	36	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	36	14	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	36	15	connections	connection	NOUN
ijosar-1138	36	16	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	36	17	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	36	18	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	36	19	backed	back	VERB
ijosar-1138	36	20	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	36	21	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1138	36	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	36	23	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	36	24	networks	network	NOUN
ijosar-1138	36	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	37	1	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	37	2	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	37	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	37	4	thestudy	thestudy	PROPN
ijosar-1138	37	5	seeks	seek	VERB
ijosar-1138	37	6	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	37	7	illuminate	illuminate	VERB
ijosar-1138	37	8	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	37	9	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	37	10	creates	create	VERB
ijosar-1138	37	11	pathways	pathway	NOUN
ijosar-1138	37	12	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	37	13	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	37	14	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	37	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	37	16	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	37	17	identifying	identify	VERB
ijosar-1138	37	18	gaps	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	37	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	37	20	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	37	21	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	37	22	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1138	37	23	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	37	24	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	37	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	38	1	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	38	2	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	38	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	38	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	39	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	39	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	39	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	40	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	40	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	40	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	40	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	40	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	40	6	116	116	NUM
ijosar-1138	40	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	40	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	40	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	40	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	40	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	40	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	40	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	40	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	40	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	40	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	40	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	40	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	40	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	40	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	40	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	40	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	40	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	40	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	40	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	40	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	40	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	40	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	40	29	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	40	30	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	40	31	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	40	32	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	40	33	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	40	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	40	35	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	40	36	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	41	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	41	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	41	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	41	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	41	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	41	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	41	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	41	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	41	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	41	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	19	2	2	NUM
ijosar-1138	41	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	21	brief	brief	ADJ
ijosar-1138	41	22	review	review	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	23	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	41	24	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	25	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	26	2.1	2.1	NUM
ijosar-1138	41	27	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	41	28	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	29	historical	historical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	41	30	background	background	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	32	mandate	mandate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	34	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	41	35	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	41	36	structure	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	37	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	41	38	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	41	39	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	41	40	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	41	41	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	42	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	43	agency	agency	PROPN
ijosar-1138	41	44	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	41	45	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	41	46	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	47	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	41	48	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	49	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	41	50	established	establish	VERB
ijosar-1138	41	51	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	41	52	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	41	53	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	41	54	act	act	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	55	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	41	56	2003	2003	NUM
ijosar-1138	41	57	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	41	58	address	address	VERB
ijosar-1138	41	59	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	41	60	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1138	41	61	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	62	constraining	constrain	VERB
ijosar-1138	41	63	micro	micro	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	64	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	65	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	41	66	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	67	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	41	68	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	41	69	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	70	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	71	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	41	72	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	41	73	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	42	1	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	42	2	creation	creation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	42	3	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	42	4	rooted	root	VERB
ijosar-1138	42	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	42	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	42	7	recognition	recognition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	42	8	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	42	9	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	42	10	form	form	VERB
ijosar-1138	42	11	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	42	12	backbone	backbone	NOUN
ijosar-1138	42	13	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	42	14	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	42	15	economies	economy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	42	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	42	17	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1138	42	18	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	42	19	developing	develop	VERB
ijosar-1138	42	20	countries	country	NOUN
ijosar-1138	42	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	42	22	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	42	23	they	they	PRON
ijosar-1138	42	24	account	account	VERB
ijosar-1138	42	25	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	42	26	employment	employment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	42	27	generation	generation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	42	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	42	29	grassroots	grassroots	ADJ
ijosar-1138	42	30	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	42	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	42	32	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	42	33	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	42	34	linkages	linkage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	42	35	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	42	36	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	42	37	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	42	38	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	42	39	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	42	40	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	43	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	43	2	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	3	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	43	4	mandate	mandate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	5	spans	span	VERB
ijosar-1138	43	6	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ijosar-1138	43	7	objectives	objective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	43	9	including	include	VERB
ijosar-1138	43	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	43	11	promotion	promotion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	12	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	43	13	smefriendly	smefriendly	ADJ
ijosar-1138	43	14	policies	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	43	16	provision	provision	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	17	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	43	18	capacitybuilding	capacitybuilde	VERB
ijosar-1138	43	19	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	43	21	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	43	23	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	24	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	43	25	finance	finance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	43	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	43	28	delivery	delivery	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	29	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	43	30	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	31	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	32	services	service	NOUN
ijosar-1138	43	33	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	43	34	garba	garba	PROPN
ijosar-1138	43	35	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	43	36	ahmed	ahmed	PROPN
ijosar-1138	43	37	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	43	38	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	43	39	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	43	40	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	44	1	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1138	44	2	functions	function	VERB
ijosar-1138	44	3	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	44	4	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	44	5	bridge	bridge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	44	6	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1138	44	7	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1138	44	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	44	9	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	44	10	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	44	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	44	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	44	13	entrepreneurs	entrepreneur	NOUN
ijosar-1138	44	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	44	15	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ijosar-1138	44	16	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	44	17	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	44	18	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	44	19	adequately	adequately	ADV
ijosar-1138	44	20	positioned	position	VERB
ijosar-1138	44	21	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	44	22	access	access	VERB
ijosar-1138	44	23	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1138	44	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	44	25	operate	operate	VERB
ijosar-1138	44	26	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	44	27	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	44	28	competitive	competitive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	44	29	environment	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	44	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	45	1	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	45	2	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	45	3	core	core	NOUN
ijosar-1138	45	4	functions	function	NOUN
ijosar-1138	45	5	revolve	revolve	VERB
ijosar-1138	45	6	around	around	ADP
ijosar-1138	45	7	four	four	NUM
ijosar-1138	45	8	pillars	pillar	NOUN
ijosar-1138	45	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	45	10	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	45	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	45	12	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	45	13	formulation	formulation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	45	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	45	15	advocacy	advocacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	45	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	46	1	2	2	X
ijosar-1138	46	2	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	46	3	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	46	4	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	46	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	46	6	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	46	7	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	47	1	3	3	X
ijosar-1138	47	2	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	47	3	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	47	4	intermediation	intermediation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	47	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	47	6	credit	credit	NOUN
ijosar-1138	47	7	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	47	8	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	47	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	47	10	4	4	X
ijosar-1138	47	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	47	12	market	market	NOUN
ijosar-1138	47	13	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	47	14	promotion	promotion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	47	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	48	1	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	48	2	these	these	PRON
ijosar-1138	48	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	48	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	48	5	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	48	6	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	48	7	initiated	initiate	VERB
ijosar-1138	48	8	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	48	9	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	48	10	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	48	11	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	48	12	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	48	13	msme	msme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	48	14	clinics	clinic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	48	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	48	16	conditional	conditional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	48	17	grant	grant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	48	18	schemes	scheme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	48	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	48	20	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	48	21	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	48	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	48	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	48	24	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	48	25	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	48	26	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	48	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	49	1	importantly	importantly	ADV
ijosar-1138	49	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	49	3	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	49	4	works	work	VERB
ijosar-1138	49	5	closely	closely	ADV
ijosar-1138	49	6	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	49	7	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	49	8	federal	federal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	49	9	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ijosar-1138	49	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	49	11	industry	industry	PROPN
ijosar-1138	49	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	49	13	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	49	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	49	15	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	49	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	49	17	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	49	18	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	49	19	liaising	liaise	VERB
ijosar-1138	49	20	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	49	21	sub	sub	ADJ
ijosar-1138	49	22	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	49	23	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	49	24	governments	government	NOUN
ijosar-1138	49	25	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	49	26	implement	implement	VERB
ijosar-1138	49	27	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	49	28	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	49	29	schemes	scheme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	49	30	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	49	31	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	49	32	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	49	33	nbs	nbs	PROPN
ijosar-1138	49	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	49	35	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	49	36	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	49	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	50	1	institutionally	institutionally	ADV
ijosar-1138	50	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	50	3	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	50	4	operates	operate	VERB
ijosar-1138	50	5	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	50	6	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	50	7	hierarchical	hierarchical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	50	8	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	50	9	structure	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	50	10	headed	head	VERB
ijosar-1138	50	11	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	50	12	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	50	13	director	director	NOUN
ijosar-1138	50	14	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	50	15	general	general	NOUN
ijosar-1138	50	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	50	17	supported	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	50	18	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	50	19	zonal	zonal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	50	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	50	21	state	state	NOUN
ijosar-1138	50	22	offices	office	NOUN
ijosar-1138	50	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	51	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	51	2	decentralized	decentralize	VERB
ijosar-1138	51	3	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	51	4	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	51	5	designed	design	VERB
ijosar-1138	51	6	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	51	7	ensure	ensure	VERB
ijosar-1138	51	8	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	51	9	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1138	51	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	51	11	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	51	12	six	six	NUM
ijosar-1138	51	13	geopolitical	geopolitical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	51	14	zones	zone	NOUN
ijosar-1138	51	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	52	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
ijosar-1138	52	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	52	3	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ijosar-1138	52	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	52	5	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	52	6	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	52	7	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	52	8	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	52	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	52	10	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	52	11	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	52	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	52	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	52	14	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1138	52	15	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ijosar-1138	52	16	systems	system	NOUN
ijosar-1138	52	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	52	18	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1138	52	19	dilute	dilute	VERB
ijosar-1138	52	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	52	21	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	52	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	52	23	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	52	24	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	52	25	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ijosar-1138	52	26	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	52	27	joseph	joseph	PROPN
ijosar-1138	52	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	52	29	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	52	30	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	52	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	53	1	according	accord	VERB
ijosar-1138	53	2	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	53	3	ajuwonet	ajuwonet	PROPN
ijosar-1138	53	4	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	53	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	53	6	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	53	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	53	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	53	9	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	53	10	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	53	11	notwithstanding	notwithstanding	ADV
ijosar-1138	53	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	53	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	53	14	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	53	15	has	have	VERB
ijosar-1138	53	16	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	53	17	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	53	18	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	53	19	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	54	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	54	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	54	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	55	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	55	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	55	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	56	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	56	2	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	56	3	117	117	NUM
ijosar-1138	56	4	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	56	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	56	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	56	7	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	56	8	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	56	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	56	10	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	56	11	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	56	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	56	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	56	14	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	56	15	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	56	16	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	56	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	56	18	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	56	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	56	20	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	56	21	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	56	22	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	56	23	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	56	24	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	56	25	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	56	26	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	57	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	57	2	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	57	3	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	57	4	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	57	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	57	6	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	57	7	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	58	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	58	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	58	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	58	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	58	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	58	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	58	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	58	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	58	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	58	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	58	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	58	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	58	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	58	19	recorded	record	VERB
ijosar-1138	58	20	progress	progress	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	58	22	promoting	promote	VERB
ijosar-1138	58	23	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	24	formalization	formalization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	58	26	building	build	VERB
ijosar-1138	58	27	managerial	managerial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	58	28	competencies	competency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	58	30	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	58	31	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	58	32	credit	credit	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	33	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	34	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	58	35	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	36	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	58	37	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	58	38	bank	bank	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	39	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	58	40	industry	industry	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	41	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	58	42	boi	boi	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	43	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	58	44	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	58	45	central	central	ADJ
ijosar-1138	58	46	bank	bank	PROPN
ijosar-1138	58	47	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	58	48	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	58	49	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	58	50	cbn	cbn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	58	51	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	58	52	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	58	53	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	58	54	commercial	commercial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	58	55	banks	bank	NOUN
ijosar-1138	58	56	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	59	1	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	59	2	distinctive	distinctive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	59	3	feature	feature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	59	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	59	5	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	59	6	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	59	7	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	59	8	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	59	9	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	59	10	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	59	11	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	59	12	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	59	13	diasporarelated	diasporarelate	VERB
ijosar-1138	59	14	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	59	15	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	59	16	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	59	17	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	59	18	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ijosar-1138	59	19	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	59	20	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	59	21	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1138	59	22	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	59	23	nidcom	nidcom	PROPN
ijosar-1138	59	24	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	59	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	60	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	60	2	interagency	interagency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	60	3	linkage	linkage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	60	4	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1138	60	5	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	60	6	strategic	strategic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	60	7	function	function	NOUN
ijosar-1138	60	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	60	9	aligning	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	60	10	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	60	11	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1138	60	12	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	60	13	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	60	14	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	60	15	objectives	objective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	60	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	61	1	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	61	2	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	61	3	design	design	NOUN
ijosar-1138	61	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	61	5	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	61	6	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	61	7	both	both	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	61	8	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	61	9	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	61	10	actor	actor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	61	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	61	12	an	an	DET
ijosar-1138	61	13	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	61	14	body	body	NOUN
ijosar-1138	61	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	61	16	making	make	VERB
ijosar-1138	61	17	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1138	61	18	central	central	ADJ
ijosar-1138	61	19	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	61	20	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1138	61	21	aimed	aim	VERB
ijosar-1138	61	22	at	at	ADP
ijosar-1138	61	23	mobilizing	mobilize	VERB
ijosar-1138	61	24	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	61	25	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	61	26	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	61	27	productive	productive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	61	28	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	61	29	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	61	30	douw	douw	PROPN
ijosar-1138	61	31	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	61	32	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	61	33	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	61	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	61	35	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	61	36	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	61	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	62	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	62	2	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	3	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	62	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	62	5	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	62	6	definition	definition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	62	8	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	62	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	62	11	contribution	contribution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	62	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	62	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	62	15	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	16	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	62	17	defined	define	VERB
ijosar-1138	62	18	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	62	19	accordance	accordance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	20	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	62	21	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	62	22	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	62	23	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	24	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	62	25	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	26	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	62	27	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	62	28	–	–	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	62	29	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	62	30	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	62	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	62	32	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	62	33	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	62	34	classification	classification	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	35	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	36	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	62	37	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	62	38	uses	use	VERB
ijosar-1138	62	39	employment	employment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	40	size	size	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	41	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	62	42	asset	asset	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	43	value	value	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	44	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	62	45	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	62	46	turnover	turnover	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	47	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	62	48	criteria	criterion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	62	49	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	63	1	micro	micro	NOUN
ijosar-1138	63	2	-	-	NOUN
ijosar-1138	63	3	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	63	4	employ	employ	VERB
ijosar-1138	63	5	fewer	few	ADJ
ijosar-1138	63	6	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1138	63	7	ten	ten	NUM
ijosar-1138	63	8	people	people	NOUN
ijosar-1138	63	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	63	10	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	63	11	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	63	12	employ	employ	VERB
ijosar-1138	63	13	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1138	63	14	ten	ten	NUM
ijosar-1138	63	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	63	16	forty	forty	NUM
ijosar-1138	63	17	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	63	18	nine	nine	NUM
ijosar-1138	63	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	63	20	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	63	21	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	63	22	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	63	23	employ	employ	VERB
ijosar-1138	63	24	up	up	ADP
ijosar-1138	63	25	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	63	26	199	199	NUM
ijosar-1138	63	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	63	28	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	63	29	asset	asset	NOUN
ijosar-1138	63	30	values	value	NOUN
ijosar-1138	63	31	ranging	range	VERB
ijosar-1138	63	32	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	63	33	₦	₦	PROPN
ijosar-1138	63	34	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1138	63	35	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1138	63	36	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	63	37	₦	₦	SYM
ijosar-1138	63	38	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	63	39	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1138	63	40	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	63	41	onyekwelu&oyeogubalu	onyekwelu&oyeogubalu	PROPN
ijosar-1138	63	42	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	63	43	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	63	44	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	63	45	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	63	46	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	63	47	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	63	48	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	63	49	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	64	1	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	64	2	dominate	dominate	VERB
ijosar-1138	64	3	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	64	4	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	64	5	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	64	6	landscape	landscape	NOUN
ijosar-1138	64	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	64	8	accounting	account	VERB
ijosar-1138	64	9	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	64	10	over	over	ADP
ijosar-1138	64	11	96	96	NUM
ijosar-1138	64	12	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	64	13	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	64	14	all	all	DET
ijosar-1138	64	15	registered	register	VERB
ijosar-1138	64	16	businesses	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	64	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	64	18	contributing	contribute	VERB
ijosar-1138	64	19	46.3	46.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	64	20	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	64	21	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	64	22	gdp	gdp	NOUN
ijosar-1138	64	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	64	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	64	25	providing	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	64	26	more	more	ADJ
ijosar-1138	64	27	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1138	64	28	80	80	NUM
ijosar-1138	64	29	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	64	30	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	64	31	employment	employment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	64	32	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	64	33	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	64	34	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	64	35	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	64	36	nbs	nbs	PROPN
ijosar-1138	64	37	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	64	38	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	64	39	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	64	40	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	65	1	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	65	2	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	65	3	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	65	4	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ijosar-1138	65	5	reduction	reduction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	65	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	65	7	grassroots	grassroots	ADJ
ijosar-1138	65	8	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	65	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	65	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	65	11	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	65	12	linkages	linkage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	65	13	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1138	65	14	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	65	15	centrality	centrality	NOUN
ijosar-1138	65	16	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	65	17	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	65	18	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	65	19	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	65	20	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	65	21	adeosun	adeosun	NOUN
ijosar-1138	65	22	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	65	23	shittu	shittu	ADJ
ijosar-1138	65	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	65	25	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1138	65	26	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	65	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	66	1	beyond	beyond	ADP
ijosar-1138	66	2	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	66	3	domestic	domestic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	66	4	importance	importance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	66	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	66	6	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	66	7	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	66	8	play	play	VERB
ijosar-1138	66	9	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	66	10	growing	grow	VERB
ijosar-1138	66	11	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	66	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	66	13	intra	intra	ADJ
ijosar-1138	66	14	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	66	15	african	african	ADJ
ijosar-1138	66	16	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	66	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	66	18	regional	regional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	66	19	integration	integration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	66	20	under	under	ADP
ijosar-1138	66	21	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ijosar-1138	66	22	protocols	protocol	NOUN
ijosar-1138	66	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	66	24	pwc	pwc	NOUN
ijosar-1138	66	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	66	26	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	66	27	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	66	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	67	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
ijosar-1138	67	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	67	3	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	67	4	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	67	5	face	face	VERB
ijosar-1138	67	6	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ijosar-1138	67	7	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	67	8	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ijosar-1138	67	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	67	10	notably	notably	ADV
ijosar-1138	67	11	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ijosar-1138	67	12	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	67	13	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	67	14	finance	finance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	67	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	67	16	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1138	67	17	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	67	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	67	19	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ijosar-1138	67	20	taxation	taxation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	67	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	67	22	low	low	ADJ
ijosar-1138	67	23	digital	digital	ADJ
ijosar-1138	67	24	adoption	adoption	NOUN
ijosar-1138	67	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	67	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	67	27	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	67	28	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	67	29	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	67	30	ajuwonet	ajuwonet	PROPN
ijosar-1138	67	31	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	67	32	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	67	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	67	34	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	67	35	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	67	36	gumel	gumel	PROPN
ijosar-1138	67	37	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	67	38	bardai	bardai	PROPN
ijosar-1138	67	39	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	67	40	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	67	41	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	67	42	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	67	43	informality	informality	NOUN
ijosar-1138	67	44	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1138	67	45	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1138	67	46	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	67	47	limiting	limit	VERB
ijosar-1138	67	48	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	67	49	scalability	scalability	NOUN
ijosar-1138	67	50	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	67	51	ability	ability	NOUN
ijosar-1138	67	52	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	67	53	attract	attract	VERB
ijosar-1138	67	54	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	67	55	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	68	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	68	2	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	68	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	68	4	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	68	5	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
ijosar-1138	68	6	deficits	deficit	NOUN
ijosar-1138	68	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	68	8	especially	especially	ADV
ijosar-1138	68	9	erratic	erratic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	68	10	power	power	NOUN
ijosar-1138	68	11	supply	supply	NOUN
ijosar-1138	68	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	68	13	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1138	68	14	transport	transport	NOUN
ijosar-1138	68	15	systems	system	NOUN
ijosar-1138	68	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	68	17	significantly	significantly	ADV
ijosar-1138	68	18	undermine	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1138	68	19	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	68	20	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	68	21	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	68	22	ojiba	ojiba	PROPN
ijosar-1138	68	23	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	68	24	olotu	olotu	PROPN
ijosar-1138	68	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	68	26	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	68	27	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	68	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	69	1	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	69	2	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	69	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	69	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	70	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	70	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	70	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	71	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	71	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	71	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	71	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	71	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	71	6	118	118	NUM
ijosar-1138	71	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	71	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	71	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	71	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	71	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	71	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	71	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	71	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	71	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	71	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	71	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	71	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	71	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	71	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	71	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	71	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	71	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	71	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	72	1	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	72	2	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	72	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	72	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	73	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	73	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	73	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	73	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	73	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	73	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	73	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	73	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	74	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	74	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	74	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	74	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	74	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	74	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	74	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	74	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	74	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	74	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	74	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	74	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	74	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	74	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	74	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	74	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	74	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	74	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	74	19	skills	skill	VERB
ijosar-1138	74	20	gaps	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	74	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	74	22	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	74	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	74	24	digital	digital	ADJ
ijosar-1138	74	25	technologies	technology	NOUN
ijosar-1138	74	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	74	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	74	28	professional	professional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	74	29	management	management	NOUN
ijosar-1138	74	30	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1138	74	31	exacerbate	exacerbate	VERB
ijosar-1138	74	32	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	74	33	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	74	34	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	74	35	akpuokweet	akpuokweet	PROPN
ijosar-1138	74	36	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	74	37	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	74	38	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	74	39	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	74	40	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	74	41	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	75	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	75	2	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	75	3	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ijosar-1138	75	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	75	5	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	75	6	abound	abound	VERB
ijosar-1138	75	7	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	76	1	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ijosar-1138	76	2	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	76	3	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	76	4	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	76	5	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	76	6	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	76	7	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	76	8	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	76	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	76	10	improved	improve	VERB
ijosar-1138	76	11	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	76	12	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	76	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	76	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	76	15	digital	digital	ADJ
ijosar-1138	76	16	integration	integration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	76	17	can	can	AUX
ijosar-1138	76	18	serve	serve	VERB
ijosar-1138	76	19	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	76	20	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	76	21	success	success	NOUN
ijosar-1138	76	22	factors	factor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	76	23	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	76	24	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	76	25	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	76	26	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	76	27	rodrigues	rodrigue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	76	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	76	29	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	76	30	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	76	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	77	1	thus	thus	ADV
ijosar-1138	77	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	77	3	positioning	position	VERB
ijosar-1138	77	4	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	77	5	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1138	77	6	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	77	7	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	77	8	policies	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	77	9	presents	present	VERB
ijosar-1138	77	10	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	77	11	pathway	pathway	NOUN
ijosar-1138	77	12	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	77	13	harness	harness	ADJ
ijosar-1138	77	14	external	external	ADJ
ijosar-1138	77	15	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	77	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	77	17	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	77	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	77	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	77	20	networks	network	NOUN
ijosar-1138	77	21	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	77	22	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	77	23	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	77	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	78	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	78	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	79	1	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	79	2	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	79	3	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1138	79	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	79	5	remittance	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	79	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	79	7	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	79	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	79	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	79	10	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	79	11	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	79	12	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	79	13	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	79	14	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	79	15	among	among	ADP
ijosar-1138	79	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	79	17	most	most	ADV
ijosar-1138	79	18	significant	significant	ADJ
ijosar-1138	79	19	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	79	20	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	79	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	79	22	estimated	estimate	VERB
ijosar-1138	79	23	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1138	79	24	two	two	NUM
ijosar-1138	79	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	79	26	fifteen	fifteen	NUM
ijosar-1138	79	27	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1138	79	28	globally	globally	ADV
ijosar-1138	79	29	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	79	30	didia	didia	PROPN
ijosar-1138	79	31	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	79	32	tahir	tahir	PROPN
ijosar-1138	79	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	79	34	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1138	79	35	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	79	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	80	1	concentrated	concentrate	VERB
ijosar-1138	80	2	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	80	3	countries	country	NOUN
ijosar-1138	80	4	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	80	5	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	80	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	80	7	united	united	PROPN
ijosar-1138	80	8	states	states	PROPN
ijosar-1138	80	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	80	10	united	united	ADJ
ijosar-1138	80	11	kingdom	kingdom	PROPN
ijosar-1138	80	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	80	13	canada	canada	PROPN
ijosar-1138	80	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	80	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	80	16	saudi	saudi	PROPN
ijosar-1138	80	17	arabia	arabia	PROPN
ijosar-1138	80	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	80	19	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	80	20	community	community	NOUN
ijosar-1138	80	21	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	80	22	become	become	VERB
ijosar-1138	80	23	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	80	24	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	80	25	source	source	NOUN
ijosar-1138	80	26	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	80	27	remittance	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	80	28	inflows	inflow	NOUN
ijosar-1138	80	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	80	30	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	80	31	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	80	32	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	81	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	81	2	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	81	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	81	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	81	5	received	receive	VERB
ijosar-1138	81	6	us$34.8	us$34.8	NUM
ijosar-1138	81	7	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1138	81	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	81	9	remittances	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	81	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	81	11	making	make	VERB
ijosar-1138	81	12	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1138	81	13	one	one	NUM
ijosar-1138	81	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	81	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	81	16	highest	high	ADJ
ijosar-1138	81	17	recipients	recipient	NOUN
ijosar-1138	81	18	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	81	19	sub	sub	ADJ
ijosar-1138	81	20	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	81	21	saharan	saharan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	81	22	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	81	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	81	24	world	world	PROPN
ijosar-1138	81	25	bank	bank	PROPN
ijosar-1138	81	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	81	27	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	81	28	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	81	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	82	1	remittances	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	82	2	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	82	3	largely	largely	ADV
ijosar-1138	82	4	directed	direct	VERB
ijosar-1138	82	5	toward	toward	ADP
ijosar-1138	82	6	household	household	NOUN
ijosar-1138	82	7	consumption	consumption	NOUN
ijosar-1138	82	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	82	9	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	82	10	transfers	transfer	NOUN
ijosar-1138	82	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	82	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	82	13	informal	informal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	82	14	family	family	NOUN
ijosar-1138	82	15	businesses	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	82	16	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	82	17	frederick	frederick	PROPN
ijosar-1138	82	18	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	82	19	moradeke	moradeke	PROPN
ijosar-1138	82	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	82	21	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	82	22	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	82	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	83	1	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1138	83	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	83	3	there	there	PRON
ijosar-1138	83	4	is	be	VERB
ijosar-1138	83	5	growing	grow	VERB
ijosar-1138	83	6	recognition	recognition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	83	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	83	8	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	83	9	direct	direct	ADJ
ijosar-1138	83	10	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	83	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	83	12	ddi	ddi	PROPN
ijosar-1138	83	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	83	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	83	15	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	83	16	involves	involve	VERB
ijosar-1138	83	17	equity	equity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	83	18	stakes	stake	NOUN
ijosar-1138	83	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	83	20	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
ijosar-1138	83	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	83	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	83	23	long	long	ADJ
ijosar-1138	83	24	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	83	25	term	term	NOUN
ijosar-1138	83	26	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	83	27	financing	financing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	83	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	84	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
ijosar-1138	84	2	remittances	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	84	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	84	4	ddi	ddi	PROPN
ijosar-1138	84	5	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	84	6	transformative	transformative	VERB
ijosar-1138	84	7	potential	potential	NOUN
ijosar-1138	84	8	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	84	9	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	84	10	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	84	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	84	12	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	84	13	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1138	84	14	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1138	84	15	underutilized	underutilize	VERB
ijosar-1138	84	16	due	due	ADP
ijosar-1138	84	17	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	84	18	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1138	84	19	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	84	20	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	84	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	84	22	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1138	84	23	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	84	24	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1138	84	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	84	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	84	27	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1138	84	28	instability	instability	NOUN
ijosar-1138	84	29	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	84	30	adedeji	adedeji	NOUN
ijosar-1138	84	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	84	32	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	84	33	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	84	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	85	1	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	85	2	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	85	3	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	85	4	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1138	85	5	motivated	motivate	VERB
ijosar-1138	85	6	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	85	7	patriotism	patriotism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	85	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	85	9	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	85	10	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	85	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	85	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	85	13	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	85	14	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	85	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	85	16	anandene	anandene	ADJ
ijosar-1138	85	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	85	18	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	85	19	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	85	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	86	1	yet	yet	ADV
ijosar-1138	86	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	86	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	86	4	absence	absence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	86	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	86	6	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	86	7	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	86	8	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	86	9	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	86	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	86	11	combined	combine	VERB
ijosar-1138	86	12	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	86	13	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	86	14	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
ijosar-1138	86	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	86	16	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1138	86	17	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	86	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	86	19	discourages	discourage	VERB
ijosar-1138	86	20	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	86	21	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	86	22	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	86	23	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	86	24	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	86	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	87	1	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	87	2	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	87	3	show	show	VERB
ijosar-1138	87	4	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	87	5	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	87	6	india	india	PROPN
ijosar-1138	87	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	87	8	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ijosar-1138	87	9	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	87	10	institutionalized	institutionalize	VERB
ijosar-1138	87	11	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	87	12	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1138	87	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	87	14	matchmaking	matchmaking	NOUN
ijosar-1138	87	15	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	87	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	87	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	87	18	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	87	19	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	87	20	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	87	21	still	still	ADV
ijosar-1138	87	22	fragmented	fragment	VERB
ijosar-1138	87	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	87	24	douw	douw	PROPN
ijosar-1138	87	25	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	87	26	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	87	27	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	87	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	87	29	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	87	30	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	87	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	88	1	beyond	beyond	ADP
ijosar-1138	88	2	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	88	3	flows	flow	NOUN
ijosar-1138	88	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	88	5	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	88	6	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	88	7	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	88	8	brings	bring	VERB
ijosar-1138	88	9	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	88	10	transfer	transfer	NOUN
ijosar-1138	88	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	88	12	innovation	innovation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	88	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	88	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	88	15	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	88	16	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	88	17	global	global	ADJ
ijosar-1138	88	18	markets	market	NOUN
ijosar-1138	88	19	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	88	20	gelb	gelb	NOUN
ijosar-1138	88	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	88	22	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	88	23	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	88	24	ojo	ojo	NOUN
ijosar-1138	88	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	88	26	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	88	27	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	88	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	89	1	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	89	2	professionals	professional	NOUN
ijosar-1138	89	3	abroad	abroad	ADV
ijosar-1138	89	4	possess	possess	NOUN
ijosar-1138	89	5	expertise	expertise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	89	6	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	89	7	can	can	AUX
ijosar-1138	89	8	help	help	VERB
ijosar-1138	89	9	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	89	10	adopt	adopt	VERB
ijosar-1138	89	11	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	89	12	standards	standard	NOUN
ijosar-1138	89	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	89	14	expand	expand	VERB
ijosar-1138	89	15	regionally	regionally	ADV
ijosar-1138	89	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	90	1	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	90	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	90	3	working	work	VERB
ijosar-1138	90	4	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	90	5	partnership	partnership	NOUN
ijosar-1138	90	6	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	90	7	nidcom	nidcom	PROPN
ijosar-1138	90	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	90	9	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	90	10	attempted	attempt	VERB
ijosar-1138	90	11	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	90	12	bridge	bridge	VERB
ijosar-1138	90	13	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	90	14	gaps	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	90	15	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	90	16	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	90	17	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	90	18	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	91	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	91	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	91	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	92	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	92	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	92	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	92	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	92	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	92	6	119	119	NUM
ijosar-1138	92	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	92	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	92	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	92	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	92	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	92	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	92	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	92	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	92	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	92	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	92	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	92	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	92	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	92	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	92	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	92	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	92	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	92	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	92	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	92	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	92	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	92	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	92	29	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	92	30	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	92	31	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	92	32	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	92	33	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	92	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	92	35	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	92	36	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	93	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	93	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	93	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	93	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	93	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	93	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	93	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	93	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	93	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	93	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	93	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	93	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	93	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	93	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	93	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	93	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	93	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	93	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	93	19	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	93	20	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	93	21	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	93	22	focused	focus	VERB
ijosar-1138	93	23	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	93	24	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	93	25	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	93	26	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	93	27	summits	summit	NOUN
ijosar-1138	93	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	93	29	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	93	30	fairs	fair	NOUN
ijosar-1138	93	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	93	32	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	93	33	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	93	34	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	93	35	programs(joseph	programs(joseph	NOUN
ijosar-1138	93	36	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	93	37	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	93	38	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	93	39	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	94	1	2.4	2.4	NUM
ijosar-1138	94	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	95	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	95	2	review	review	NOUN
ijosar-1138	95	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	95	4	similar	similar	ADJ
ijosar-1138	95	5	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	95	6	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	95	7	scholarship	scholarship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	95	8	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1138	95	9	global	global	ADJ
ijosar-1138	95	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	95	11	regional	regional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	95	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	95	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	95	14	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	95	15	contexts	context	NOUN
ijosar-1138	95	16	provides	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	95	17	valuable	valuable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	95	18	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	95	19	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	95	20	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	95	21	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	95	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	95	23	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	95	24	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	95	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	96	1	at	at	ADP
ijosar-1138	96	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	96	3	global	global	ADJ
ijosar-1138	96	4	level	level	NOUN
ijosar-1138	96	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	96	6	kumar	kumar	PROPN
ijosar-1138	96	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	96	8	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	96	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	96	10	applied	apply	VERB
ijosar-1138	96	11	brinkerhoff	brinkerhoff	PROPN
ijosar-1138	96	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	96	13	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	96	14	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	96	15	model	model	NOUN
ijosar-1138	96	16	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	96	17	india	india	PROPN
ijosar-1138	96	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	96	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	96	20	philippines	philippine	NOUN
ijosar-1138	96	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	96	22	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
ijosar-1138	96	23	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	96	24	transparent	transparent	ADJ
ijosar-1138	96	25	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	96	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	96	27	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	96	28	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	96	29	enhance	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1138	96	30	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	96	31	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	96	32	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	97	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ijosar-1138	97	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	97	3	douw	douw	PROPN
ijosar-1138	97	4	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	97	5	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	97	6	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	97	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	97	8	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	97	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	97	10	compared	compare	VERB
ijosar-1138	97	11	india	india	PROPN
ijosar-1138	97	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	97	13	brazil	brazil	PROPN
ijosar-1138	97	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	97	15	showing	show	VERB
ijosar-1138	97	16	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	97	17	india	india	PROPN
ijosar-1138	97	18	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	97	19	institutionalized	institutionalize	VERB
ijosar-1138	97	20	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	97	21	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	97	22	successfully	successfully	ADV
ijosar-1138	97	23	attracted	attract	VERB
ijosar-1138	97	24	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	97	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	97	26	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	97	27	brazil	brazil	PROPN
ijosar-1138	97	28	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	97	29	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1138	97	30	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	97	31	limited	limit	VERB
ijosar-1138	97	32	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	97	33	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1138	97	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	98	1	açıkalın	açıkalın	NOUN
ijosar-1138	98	2	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	98	3	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	98	4	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	98	5	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	98	6	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	98	7	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	98	8	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	98	9	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1138	98	10	fosters	foster	VERB
ijosar-1138	98	11	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	98	12	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	98	13	among	among	ADP
ijosar-1138	98	14	turkish	turkish	ADJ
ijosar-1138	98	15	expatriates	expatriate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	98	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	98	17	suggesting	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	98	18	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	98	19	strong	strong	ADJ
ijosar-1138	98	20	ties	tie	NOUN
ijosar-1138	98	21	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	98	22	home	home	NOUN
ijosar-1138	98	23	country	country	NOUN
ijosar-1138	98	24	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	98	25	councils	council	NOUN
ijosar-1138	98	26	positively	positively	ADV
ijosar-1138	98	27	influence	influence	VERB
ijosar-1138	98	28	start	start	NOUN
ijosar-1138	98	29	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	98	30	ups	up	NOUN
ijosar-1138	98	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	98	32	exports	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	98	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	99	1	regionally	regionally	ADV
ijosar-1138	99	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	99	3	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	99	4	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	99	5	both	both	PRON
ijosar-1138	99	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	99	7	potential	potential	NOUN
ijosar-1138	99	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	99	9	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	99	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	99	11	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	99	12	financing	financing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	99	13	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	99	14	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	99	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	100	1	lukonga	lukonga	PROPN
ijosar-1138	100	2	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	100	3	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	100	4	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	100	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	100	6	adedeji	adedeji	NOUN
ijosar-1138	100	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	100	8	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	100	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	100	10	found	find	VERB
ijosar-1138	100	11	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	100	12	sub	sub	ADJ
ijosar-1138	100	13	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	100	14	saharan	saharan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	100	15	african	african	ADJ
ijosar-1138	100	16	countries	country	NOUN
ijosar-1138	100	17	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1138	100	18	lack	lack	VERB
ijosar-1138	100	19	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	100	20	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	100	21	capable	capable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	100	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	100	23	packaging	package	VERB
ijosar-1138	100	24	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	100	25	proposals	proposal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	100	26	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	100	27	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	100	28	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	100	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	101	1	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ijosar-1138	101	2	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	101	3	made	make	VERB
ijosar-1138	101	4	progress	progress	NOUN
ijosar-1138	101	5	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	101	6	introducing	introduce	VERB
ijosar-1138	101	7	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	101	8	bonds	bond	NOUN
ijosar-1138	101	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	101	10	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	101	11	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	101	12	fairs	fair	NOUN
ijosar-1138	101	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	101	14	enabling	enable	VERB
ijosar-1138	101	15	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	101	16	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	101	17	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	101	18	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	101	19	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1138	101	20	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	101	21	ayakwahet	ayakwahet	PROPN
ijosar-1138	101	22	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	101	23	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	101	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	101	25	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	101	26	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	101	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	102	1	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1138	102	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	102	3	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1138	102	4	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	102	5	coordination	coordination	NOUN
ijosar-1138	102	6	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1138	102	7	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	102	8	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	102	9	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1138	102	10	much	much	ADJ
ijosar-1138	102	11	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	102	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	102	13	continent	continent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	102	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	103	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	103	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	103	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	103	4	several	several	ADJ
ijosar-1138	103	5	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	103	6	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
ijosar-1138	103	7	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	103	8	importance	importance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	103	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	103	10	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	103	11	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	103	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	104	1	ojapinwa	ojapinwa	ADJ
ijosar-1138	104	2	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	104	3	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1138	104	4	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	104	5	found	find	VERB
ijosar-1138	104	6	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	104	7	significant	significant	ADJ
ijosar-1138	104	8	positive	positive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	104	9	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	104	10	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1138	104	11	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	104	12	remittances	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	104	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	104	14	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	104	15	performance	performance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	104	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	104	17	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	104	18	ajuwonet	ajuwonet	PROPN
ijosar-1138	104	19	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	104	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	105	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	105	2	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	105	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	105	4	stressed	stress	VERB
ijosar-1138	105	5	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	105	6	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	105	7	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
ijosar-1138	105	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	105	9	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
ijosar-1138	105	10	regulations	regulation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	105	11	discourage	discourage	VERB
ijosar-1138	105	12	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	105	13	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	105	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	106	1	gumel	gumel	PROPN
ijosar-1138	106	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	106	3	bardai	bardai	PROPN
ijosar-1138	106	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	106	5	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	106	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	106	7	further	far	ADV
ijosar-1138	106	8	noted	note	VERB
ijosar-1138	106	9	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	106	10	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	106	11	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	106	12	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	106	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	106	14	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1138	106	15	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	106	16	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	106	17	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	106	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	106	19	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	106	20	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	106	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	106	22	enhanced	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1138	106	23	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	106	24	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	106	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	106	26	improved	improved	ADJ
ijosar-1138	106	27	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	106	28	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	106	29	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	106	30	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	106	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	107	1	2.5	2.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	107	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	108	1	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	108	2	gap	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	108	3	existing	exist	VERB
ijosar-1138	108	4	scholarship	scholarship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	108	5	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	108	6	extensively	extensively	ADV
ijosar-1138	108	7	examined	examine	VERB
ijosar-1138	108	8	sme	sme	ADJ
ijosar-1138	108	9	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	108	10	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	108	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	108	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	108	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	108	14	macroeconomic	macroeconomic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	108	15	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	108	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	108	17	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	108	18	remittances	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	108	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	109	1	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1138	109	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	109	3	few	few	ADJ
ijosar-1138	109	4	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	109	5	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	109	6	systematically	systematically	ADV
ijosar-1138	109	7	analyzed	analyze	VERB
ijosar-1138	109	8	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	109	9	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	109	10	actors	actor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	109	11	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	109	12	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	109	13	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	109	14	facilitate	facilitate	PROPN
ijosar-1138	109	15	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	109	16	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	109	17	linked	link	VERB
ijosar-1138	109	18	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	109	19	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	109	20	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	109	21	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	109	22	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	110	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	110	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	110	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	111	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	111	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	111	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	111	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	111	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	111	6	120	120	NUM
ijosar-1138	111	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	111	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	111	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	111	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	111	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	111	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	111	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	111	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	111	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	111	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	111	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	111	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	111	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	111	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	111	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	111	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	111	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	111	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	111	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	111	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	111	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	111	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	112	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	112	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	112	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	112	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	112	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	112	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	112	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	112	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	113	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	113	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	113	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	113	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	113	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	113	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	113	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	113	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	113	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	113	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	113	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	113	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	113	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	113	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	113	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	113	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	113	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	113	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	113	19	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	113	20	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	113	21	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	114	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	114	2	global	global	ADJ
ijosar-1138	114	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	114	4	regional	regional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	114	5	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	114	6	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	114	7	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ijosar-1138	114	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	114	9	india	india	PROPN
ijosar-1138	114	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	114	11	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ijosar-1138	114	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	114	13	brazil	brazil	PROPN
ijosar-1138	114	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	114	15	provide	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	114	16	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	114	17	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	114	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	114	19	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	114	20	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	114	21	tends	tend	VERB
ijosar-1138	114	22	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	114	23	focus	focus	VERB
ijosar-1138	114	24	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	114	25	remittance	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	114	26	flows	flow	NOUN
ijosar-1138	114	27	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	114	28	general	general	ADJ
ijosar-1138	114	29	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	114	30	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ijosar-1138	114	31	without	without	ADP
ijosar-1138	114	32	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
ijosar-1138	114	33	connecting	connect	VERB
ijosar-1138	114	34	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	114	35	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	114	36	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	114	37	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	114	38	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	114	39	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	114	40	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	114	41	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	114	42	performance	performance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	114	43	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	115	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ijosar-1138	115	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	115	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	115	4	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	115	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	115	6	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	115	7	networks	network	NOUN
ijosar-1138	115	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	115	9	overcoming	overcome	VERB
ijosar-1138	115	10	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	115	11	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ijosar-1138	115	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	115	13	enabling	enable	VERB
ijosar-1138	115	14	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	115	15	expansion	expansion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	115	16	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	115	17	west	west	ADJ
ijosar-1138	115	18	african	african	ADJ
ijosar-1138	115	19	markets	market	NOUN
ijosar-1138	115	20	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1138	115	21	underexplored	underexplored	ADJ
ijosar-1138	115	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	116	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	116	2	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	116	3	therefore	therefore	ADV
ijosar-1138	116	4	addresses	address	VERB
ijosar-1138	116	5	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	116	6	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	116	7	gap	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	116	8	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	116	9	situating	situate	VERB
ijosar-1138	116	10	smedan	smedan	NOUN
ijosar-1138	116	11	at	at	ADP
ijosar-1138	116	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	116	13	center	center	NOUN
ijosar-1138	116	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	116	15	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	116	16	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	116	17	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	116	18	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	116	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	116	20	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	116	21	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	116	22	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	116	23	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	116	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	116	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	116	26	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ijosar-1138	116	27	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	116	28	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	116	29	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	116	30	mobilizing	mobilize	VERB
ijosar-1138	116	31	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	116	32	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	116	33	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	116	34	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	116	35	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	116	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	117	1	3	3	X
ijosar-1138	117	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1138	117	3	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	117	4	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	117	5	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	117	6	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	117	7	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	117	8	adopts	adopt	VERB
ijosar-1138	117	9	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	117	10	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	117	11	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	117	12	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	117	13	guiding	guide	VERB
ijosar-1138	117	14	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	117	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	118	1	originally	originally	ADV
ijosar-1138	118	2	articulated	articulate	VERB
ijosar-1138	118	3	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	118	4	meyer	meyer	PROPN
ijosar-1138	118	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	118	6	rowan	rowan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	118	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	118	8	1977	1977	NUM
ijosar-1138	118	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	118	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	118	11	later	later	ADV
ijosar-1138	118	12	expanded	expand	VERB
ijosar-1138	118	13	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	118	14	dimaggio	dimaggio	PROPN
ijosar-1138	118	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	118	16	powell	powell	PROPN
ijosar-1138	118	17	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	118	18	1983	1983	NUM
ijosar-1138	118	19	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	118	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	118	21	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	118	22	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	118	23	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	118	24	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	118	25	organizational	organizational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	118	26	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ijosar-1138	118	27	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	118	28	shaped	shape	VERB
ijosar-1138	118	29	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	118	30	formal	formal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	118	31	rules	rule	NOUN
ijosar-1138	118	32	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	118	33	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	118	34	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	118	35	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	118	36	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	118	37	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ijosar-1138	118	38	norms	norm	NOUN
ijosar-1138	118	39	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	119	1	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	119	2	exert	exert	VERB
ijosar-1138	119	3	coercive	coercive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	119	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	119	5	normative	normative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	119	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	119	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	119	8	mimetic	mimetic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	119	9	pressures	pressure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	119	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	119	11	which	which	DET
ijosar-1138	119	12	organizations	organization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	119	13	adapt	adapt	VERB
ijosar-1138	119	14	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	119	15	gain	gain	VERB
ijosar-1138	119	16	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	119	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	119	18	secure	secure	ADJ
ijosar-1138	119	19	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1138	119	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	120	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	120	2	developing	develop	VERB
ijosar-1138	120	3	economies	economy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	120	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	120	5	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	120	6	pressures	pressure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	120	7	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	120	8	especially	especially	ADV
ijosar-1138	120	9	significant	significant	ADJ
ijosar-1138	120	10	because	because	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	120	11	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	120	12	structures	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	120	13	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1138	120	14	determine	determine	VERB
ijosar-1138	120	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	120	16	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	120	17	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	120	18	both	both	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	120	19	domestic	domestic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	120	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	120	21	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ijosar-1138	120	22	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	120	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	120	24	mamo	mamo	NOUN
ijosar-1138	120	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	120	26	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	120	27	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	120	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	121	1	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1138	121	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	121	3	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	121	4	context	context	NOUN
ijosar-1138	121	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	121	6	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	121	7	functions	function	NOUN
ijosar-1138	121	8	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	121	9	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	121	10	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	121	11	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	121	12	actor	actor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	121	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	122	1	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	122	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	122	3	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	122	4	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	122	5	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	122	6	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	122	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	122	8	2021–2025	2021–2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	122	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	122	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	122	11	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	122	12	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	122	13	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	122	14	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	122	15	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	122	16	communities	community	NOUN
ijosar-1138	122	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	122	18	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	122	19	creates	create	VERB
ijosar-1138	122	20	enabling	enable	VERB
ijosar-1138	122	21	conditions	condition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	122	22	for	for	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	122	23	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	122	24	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	122	25	attract	attract	VERB
ijosar-1138	122	26	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ijosar-1138	122	27	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	122	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	123	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ijosar-1138	123	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	123	3	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	123	4	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	5	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	123	6	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	123	7	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	8	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	9	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	123	11	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	12	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	13	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	123	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	123	16	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	123	17	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	18	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	19	summits	summit	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	123	21	align	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	123	22	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	123	23	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	123	24	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	25	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	123	26	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	27	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	123	28	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	123	29	rules	rule	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	30	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	123	31	reduce	reduce	VERB
ijosar-1138	123	32	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	33	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	123	34	build	build	VERB
ijosar-1138	123	35	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	123	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	124	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	124	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	124	3	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	124	4	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	124	5	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	124	6	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	124	7	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	124	8	likely	likely	ADJ
ijosar-1138	124	9	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	124	10	commit	commit	VERB
ijosar-1138	124	11	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1138	124	12	when	when	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	124	13	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	124	14	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
ijosar-1138	124	15	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ijosar-1138	124	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	124	17	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	124	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	124	19	consistency	consistency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	124	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	124	21	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	124	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	124	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	124	24	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	124	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	125	1	thus	thus	ADV
ijosar-1138	125	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	125	3	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	125	4	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	125	5	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	125	6	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	125	7	can	can	AUX
ijosar-1138	125	8	be	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	125	9	viewed	view	VERB
ijosar-1138	125	10	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	125	11	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	125	12	lens	lens	NOUN
ijosar-1138	125	13	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	125	14	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	125	15	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	125	16	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	125	17	bridge	bridge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	125	18	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	125	19	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	125	20	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	125	21	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	125	22	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	125	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	126	1	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	126	2	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	126	3	therefore	therefore	ADV
ijosar-1138	126	4	provides	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	126	5	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	126	6	veritable	veritable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	126	7	platform	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	126	8	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	126	9	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
ijosar-1138	126	10	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	126	11	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	126	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	126	13	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	126	14	structures	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	126	15	influence	influence	VERB
ijosar-1138	126	16	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	126	17	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	126	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	126	19	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	126	20	flows	flow	NOUN
ijosar-1138	126	21	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	126	22	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	126	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	127	1	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	127	2	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	127	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	127	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	128	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	128	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	128	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	129	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	129	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	129	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	129	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	129	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	129	6	121	121	NUM
ijosar-1138	129	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	129	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	129	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	129	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	129	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	129	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	129	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	129	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	129	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	129	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	129	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	129	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	129	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	129	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	129	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	129	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	129	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	129	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	130	1	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	130	2	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	130	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	130	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	131	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	131	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	131	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	131	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	131	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	131	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	131	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	131	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	132	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	132	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	132	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	132	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	132	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	132	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	132	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	132	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	132	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	132	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	132	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	132	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	132	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	132	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	132	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	132	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	132	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	132	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	132	19	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	132	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	132	21	methodology	methodology	NOUN
ijosar-1138	132	22	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	132	23	4.1	4.1	NUM
ijosar-1138	132	24	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	132	25	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
ijosar-1138	132	26	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	132	27	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	132	28	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	132	29	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	132	30	pragmatic	pragmatic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	132	31	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
ijosar-1138	132	32	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	132	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	132	34	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	132	35	practical	practical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	132	36	solutions	solution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	132	37	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	132	38	research	research	VERB
ijosar-1138	132	39	questions	question	NOUN
ijosar-1138	132	40	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	132	41	integrating	integrate	VERB
ijosar-1138	132	42	both	both	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	132	43	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	132	44	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	132	45	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	132	46	approaches	approach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	132	47	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	133	1	pragmatism	pragmatism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	133	2	recognizes	recognize	VERB
ijosar-1138	133	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	133	4	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	133	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	133	6	socially	socially	ADV
ijosar-1138	133	7	constructed	construct	VERB
ijosar-1138	133	8	nature	nature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	133	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	133	10	reality	reality	NOUN
ijosar-1138	133	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	133	12	allowing	allow	VERB
ijosar-1138	133	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	133	14	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ijosar-1138	133	15	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	133	16	examine	examine	VERB
ijosar-1138	133	17	measurable	measurable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	133	18	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1138	133	19	alongside	alongside	ADP
ijosar-1138	133	20	lived	live	VERB
ijosar-1138	133	21	experiences	experience	NOUN
ijosar-1138	133	22	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	133	23	creswell	creswell	PROPN
ijosar-1138	133	24	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	133	25	creswell	creswell	PROPN
ijosar-1138	133	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	133	27	2017	2017	NUM
ijosar-1138	133	28	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	133	29	kaushik	kaushik	PROPN
ijosar-1138	133	30	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	133	31	walsh	walsh	PROPN
ijosar-1138	133	32	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	133	33	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1138	133	34	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	133	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	134	1	given	give	VERB
ijosar-1138	134	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	134	3	multifaceted	multifaceted	ADJ
ijosar-1138	134	4	nature	nature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	134	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	134	6	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	134	7	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	134	8	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	134	9	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	134	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	134	11	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	134	12	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	134	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	134	14	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	134	15	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
ijosar-1138	134	16	provides	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	134	17	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	134	18	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	134	19	needed	need	VERB
ijosar-1138	134	20	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	134	21	capture	capture	VERB
ijosar-1138	134	22	both	both	DET
ijosar-1138	134	23	statistical	statistical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	134	24	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ijosar-1138	134	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	134	26	contextual	contextual	ADJ
ijosar-1138	134	27	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	134	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	135	1	4.2	4.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	135	2	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	135	3	design	design	VERB
ijosar-1138	135	4	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	135	5	mixed	mixed	ADJ
ijosar-1138	135	6	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	135	7	methods	method	NOUN
ijosar-1138	135	8	case	case	NOUN
ijosar-1138	135	9	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	135	10	design	design	NOUN
ijosar-1138	135	11	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	135	12	adopted	adopt	VERB
ijosar-1138	135	13	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	135	14	explore	explore	VERB
ijosar-1138	135	15	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	135	16	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	135	17	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	135	18	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	135	19	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	135	20	relation	relation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	135	21	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	135	22	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	135	23	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	135	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	136	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	136	2	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	136	3	component	component	NOUN
ijosar-1138	136	4	involved	involve	VERB
ijosar-1138	136	5	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	136	6	surveys	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	136	7	administered	administer	VERB
ijosar-1138	136	8	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	136	9	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	136	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	136	11	focusing	focus	VERB
ijosar-1138	136	12	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	136	13	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	136	14	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	136	15	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	136	16	financing	financing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	136	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	136	18	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	136	19	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	136	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	136	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	136	22	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	136	23	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	136	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	137	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	137	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	137	3	component	component	NOUN
ijosar-1138	137	4	consisted	consist	VERB
ijosar-1138	137	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	137	6	semi	semi	ADV
ijosar-1138	137	7	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	137	8	interviews	interview	NOUN
ijosar-1138	137	9	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	137	10	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	137	11	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	137	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	137	13	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	137	14	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	137	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	137	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	137	17	selected	select	VERB
ijosar-1138	137	18	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	137	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	138	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	138	2	design	design	NOUN
ijosar-1138	138	3	enables	enable	VERB
ijosar-1138	138	4	triangulation	triangulation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	138	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	138	6	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ijosar-1138	138	7	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	138	8	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	138	9	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	138	10	one	one	NUM
ijosar-1138	138	11	strand	strand	NOUN
ijosar-1138	138	12	complement	complement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	138	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	138	14	validate	validate	VERB
ijosar-1138	138	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	138	16	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1138	138	17	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	138	18	yin	yin	PROPN
ijosar-1138	138	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	138	20	2009	2009	NUM
ijosar-1138	138	21	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	138	22	moroi	moroi	NOUN
ijosar-1138	138	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	138	24	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	138	25	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	138	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	139	1	4.3	4.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	139	2	population	population	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	139	4	sampling	sample	VERB
ijosar-1138	139	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	139	6	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	7	population	population	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	8	consist	consist	VERB
ijosar-1138	139	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	139	10	three	three	NUM
ijosar-1138	139	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	139	12	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1138	139	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	139	14	categories	category	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	15	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	139	16	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	139	17	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	18	engaged	engage	VERB
ijosar-1138	139	19	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	139	20	domestic	domestic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	139	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	139	22	regional	regional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	139	23	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	139	25	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	139	26	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	27	directly	directly	ADV
ijosar-1138	139	28	involved	involve	VERB
ijosar-1138	139	29	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	139	30	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	31	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	32	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	139	33	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	139	34	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	35	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	139	36	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	139	37	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	38	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	39	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	139	40	prior	prior	ADJ
ijosar-1138	139	41	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	42	experience	experience	NOUN
ijosar-1138	139	43	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	139	44	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	139	45	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	140	1	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	140	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	140	3	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	140	4	phase	phase	NOUN
ijosar-1138	140	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	140	6	stratified	stratify	VERB
ijosar-1138	140	7	random	random	ADJ
ijosar-1138	140	8	sampling	sampling	NOUN
ijosar-1138	140	9	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	140	10	employed	employ	VERB
ijosar-1138	140	11	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	140	12	select	select	VERB
ijosar-1138	140	13	60	60	NUM
ijosar-1138	140	14	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	140	15	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1138	140	16	several	several	ADJ
ijosar-1138	140	17	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1138	140	18	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	141	1	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	141	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	141	3	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	141	4	phase	phase	NOUN
ijosar-1138	141	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	141	6	purposive	purposive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	141	7	sampling	sampling	NOUN
ijosar-1138	141	8	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	141	9	applied	apply	VERB
ijosar-1138	141	10	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	141	11	identify	identify	VERB
ijosar-1138	141	12	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	141	13	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	141	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	141	15	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	141	16	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	141	17	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	141	18	relevant	relevant	ADJ
ijosar-1138	141	19	expertise	expertise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	141	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	141	21	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	141	22	financing	financing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	141	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	141	24	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	141	25	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	141	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	142	1	4.4	4.4	NUM
ijosar-1138	142	2	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	142	3	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ijosar-1138	142	4	two	two	NUM
ijosar-1138	142	5	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ijosar-1138	142	6	guided	guide	VERB
ijosar-1138	142	7	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	142	8	collection	collection	NOUN
ijosar-1138	142	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	142	10	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	142	11	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	142	12	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
ijosar-1138	142	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	142	14	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	142	15	semistructured	semistructure	VERB
ijosar-1138	142	16	interview	interview	NOUN
ijosar-1138	142	17	guide	guide	NOUN
ijosar-1138	142	18	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	143	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	143	2	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
ijosar-1138	143	3	included	include	VERB
ijosar-1138	143	4	both	both	DET
ijosar-1138	143	5	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	143	6	items	item	NOUN
ijosar-1138	143	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	143	8	likert	likert	ADJ
ijosar-1138	143	9	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	143	10	scale	scale	ADJ
ijosar-1138	143	11	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	143	12	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	143	13	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	143	14	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	144	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	144	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	144	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	145	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	145	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	145	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	146	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	146	2	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	146	3	122	122	NUM
ijosar-1138	146	4	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	146	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	146	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	146	7	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	146	8	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	146	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	146	10	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	146	11	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	146	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	146	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	146	14	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	146	15	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	146	16	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	146	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	146	18	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	146	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	146	20	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	146	21	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	146	22	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	146	23	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	146	24	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	146	25	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	146	26	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	146	27	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	146	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	146	29	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	146	30	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	146	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	146	32	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	146	33	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	147	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	147	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	147	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	147	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	147	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	147	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	147	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	147	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	147	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	147	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	147	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	147	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	147	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	147	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	147	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	147	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	147	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	147	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	147	19	questions	question	NOUN
ijosar-1138	147	20	designed	design	VERB
ijosar-1138	147	21	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	147	22	capture	capture	VERB
ijosar-1138	147	23	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	147	24	’	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	147	25	experiences	experience	NOUN
ijosar-1138	147	26	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	147	27	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	147	28	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	147	29	linked	link	VERB
ijosar-1138	147	30	financing	financing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	147	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	148	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	148	2	interviews	interview	NOUN
ijosar-1138	148	3	provided	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	148	4	deeper	deep	ADJ
ijosar-1138	148	5	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	148	6	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	148	7	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	148	8	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	148	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	148	10	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	148	11	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	148	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	148	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	148	14	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ijosar-1138	148	15	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	148	16	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	148	17	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	148	18	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	149	1	4.5	4.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	149	2	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	149	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ijosar-1138	149	4	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	149	5	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	149	6	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	149	7	analyzed	analyze	VERB
ijosar-1138	149	8	using	use	VERB
ijosar-1138	149	9	spss	spss	PROPN
ijosar-1138	149	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	149	11	applying	apply	VERB
ijosar-1138	149	12	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	149	13	statistics	statistic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	149	14	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	149	15	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	149	16	frequencies	frequency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	149	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	149	18	percentages	percentage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	149	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	149	20	means	mean	NOUN
ijosar-1138	149	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	149	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	149	23	standard	standard	ADJ
ijosar-1138	149	24	deviations	deviation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	149	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	150	1	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	150	2	interviews	interview	NOUN
ijosar-1138	150	3	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	150	4	transcribed	transcribe	VERB
ijosar-1138	150	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	150	6	coded	code	VERB
ijosar-1138	150	7	thematically	thematically	ADV
ijosar-1138	150	8	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	150	9	nvivo	nvivo	NOUN
ijosar-1138	150	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	150	11	allowing	allow	VERB
ijosar-1138	150	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	150	13	identification	identification	NOUN
ijosar-1138	150	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	150	15	recurring	recur	VERB
ijosar-1138	150	16	themes	theme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	150	17	relating	relate	VERB
ijosar-1138	150	18	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	150	19	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	150	20	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	150	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	150	22	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	150	23	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	150	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	150	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	150	26	investor	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	150	27	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ijosar-1138	150	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	151	1	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	151	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	151	3	both	both	DET
ijosar-1138	151	4	strands	strand	NOUN
ijosar-1138	151	5	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	151	6	integrated	integrate	VERB
ijosar-1138	151	7	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	151	8	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	151	9	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	151	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	152	1	4.6	4.6	NUM
ijosar-1138	152	2	ethical	ethical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	152	3	considerations	consideration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	152	4	ethical	ethical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	152	5	approval	approval	NOUN
ijosar-1138	152	6	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	152	7	secured	secure	VERB
ijosar-1138	152	8	prior	prior	ADV
ijosar-1138	152	9	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	152	10	data	data	NOUN
ijosar-1138	152	11	collection	collection	NOUN
ijosar-1138	152	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	153	1	participants	participant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	153	2	provided	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	153	3	informed	informed	ADJ
ijosar-1138	153	4	consent	consent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	153	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	153	6	anonymity	anonymity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	153	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	153	8	confidentiality	confidentiality	NOUN
ijosar-1138	153	9	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	153	10	assured	assure	VERB
ijosar-1138	153	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	153	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	153	13	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	153	14	collection	collection	NOUN
ijosar-1138	153	15	procedures	procedure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	153	16	adhered	adhere	VERB
ijosar-1138	153	17	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	153	18	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	153	19	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	153	20	ethics	ethic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	153	21	protocols	protocol	NOUN
ijosar-1138	153	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	154	1	5	5	X
ijosar-1138	154	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1138	154	3	results	result	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	4	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	154	5	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	6	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	154	7	drawing	draw	VERB
ijosar-1138	154	8	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	154	9	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	154	10	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	11	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	154	12	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	13	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	154	15	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	154	16	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	17	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	154	18	interviews	interview	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	154	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	154	21	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	22	explores	explore	VERB
ijosar-1138	154	23	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	154	24	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	154	25	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	154	26	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	154	28	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	154	30	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	154	31	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	32	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	154	33	connecting	connect	VERB
ijosar-1138	154	34	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	35	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	36	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	154	37	skills	skill	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	38	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	154	39	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	154	40	networks	network	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	41	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	154	42	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	154	43	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	154	44	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	155	1	5.1	5.1	NUM
ijosar-1138	155	2	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	155	3	socio	socio	NOUN
ijosar-1138	155	4	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	155	5	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	155	6	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	155	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	155	8	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	155	9	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	155	10	section	section	NOUN
ijosar-1138	155	11	details	detail	VERB
ijosar-1138	155	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	155	13	socio	socio	NOUN
ijosar-1138	155	14	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	155	15	profiles	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1138	155	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	155	17	both	both	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	155	18	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	155	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	155	20	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	155	21	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	155	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	155	23	providing	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	155	24	context	context	NOUN
ijosar-1138	155	25	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	155	26	interpreting	interpret	VERB
ijosar-1138	155	27	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	155	28	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	155	29	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	155	30	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	155	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	156	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	156	2	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	156	3	sample	sample	NOUN
ijosar-1138	156	4	consists	consist	VERB
ijosar-1138	156	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	156	6	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	156	7	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	156	8	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	156	9	engaged	engage	VERB
ijosar-1138	156	10	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	156	11	cross	cross	ADJ
ijosar-1138	156	12	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	156	13	border	border	ADJ
ijosar-1138	156	14	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	156	15	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1138	156	16	west	west	PROPN
ijosar-1138	156	17	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	156	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	156	19	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	156	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	156	21	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	156	22	sample	sample	NOUN
ijosar-1138	156	23	includes	include	VERB
ijosar-1138	156	24	13	13	NUM
ijosar-1138	156	25	participants	participant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	156	26	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	156	27	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	156	28	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	156	29	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	156	30	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	156	31	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	156	32	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	156	33	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	156	34	focus	focus	NOUN
ijosar-1138	156	35	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	156	36	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	156	37	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	156	38	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	156	39	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	156	40	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	156	41	5	5	NUM
ijosar-1138	156	42	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	156	43	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	156	44	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	157	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	157	2	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	157	3	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	157	4	illuminates	illuminate	VERB
ijosar-1138	157	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	157	6	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	157	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	157	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	157	9	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	157	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	157	11	individuals	individual	NOUN
ijosar-1138	157	12	involved	involve	VERB
ijosar-1138	157	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	157	14	offering	offer	VERB
ijosar-1138	157	15	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	157	16	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	157	17	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	157	18	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	157	19	structures	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	157	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	157	21	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	157	22	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ijosar-1138	157	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	157	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	157	25	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	157	26	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	157	27	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	157	28	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	157	29	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	157	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	158	1	5.1.1	5.1.1	NUM
ijosar-1138	158	2	response	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	158	3	rate	rate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	158	4	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	158	5	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	158	6	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	158	7	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	159	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	159	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	159	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	160	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	160	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	160	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	160	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	160	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	160	6	123	123	NUM
ijosar-1138	160	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	160	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	160	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	160	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	160	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	160	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	160	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	160	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	160	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	160	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	160	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	160	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	160	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	160	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	160	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	160	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	160	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	160	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	160	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	160	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	160	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	160	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	161	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	161	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	161	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	161	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	161	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	161	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	161	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	161	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	162	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	162	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	162	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	162	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	162	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	162	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	162	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	162	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	162	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	162	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	162	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	162	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	162	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	162	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	162	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	162	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	162	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	162	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	162	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	162	20	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	162	21	targeted	target	VERB
ijosar-1138	162	22	85	85	NUM
ijosar-1138	162	23	participants	participant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	162	24	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	162	25	70	70	NUM
ijosar-1138	162	26	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	162	27	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	162	28	surveys	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	162	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	162	30	15	15	NUM
ijosar-1138	162	31	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	162	32	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	162	33	interviews	interview	NOUN
ijosar-1138	162	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	163	1	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	163	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	163	3	70	70	NUM
ijosar-1138	163	4	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	163	5	targeted	target	VERB
ijosar-1138	163	6	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	163	7	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	163	8	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	163	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	163	10	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	163	11	responded	respond	VERB
ijosar-1138	163	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	163	13	yielding	yield	VERB
ijosar-1138	163	14	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	163	15	93	93	NUM
ijosar-1138	163	16	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	163	17	response	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	163	18	rate	rate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	163	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	164	1	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	164	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	164	3	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	164	4	component	component	NOUN
ijosar-1138	164	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	164	6	13	13	NUM
ijosar-1138	164	7	out	out	ADP
ijosar-1138	164	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	164	9	15	15	NUM
ijosar-1138	164	10	targeted	target	VERB
ijosar-1138	164	11	interviews	interview	NOUN
ijosar-1138	164	12	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	164	13	completed	complete	VERB
ijosar-1138	164	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	164	15	including	include	VERB
ijosar-1138	164	16	five	five	NUM
ijosar-1138	164	17	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	164	18	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	164	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	164	20	four	four	NUM
ijosar-1138	164	21	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	164	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	164	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	164	24	four	four	NUM
ijosar-1138	164	25	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	164	26	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	164	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	164	28	resulting	result	VERB
ijosar-1138	164	29	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	164	30	an	an	DET
ijosar-1138	164	31	overall	overall	ADJ
ijosar-1138	164	32	response	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	164	33	rate	rate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	164	34	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	164	35	92	92	NUM
ijosar-1138	164	36	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	164	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	165	1	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	165	2	noted	note	VERB
ijosar-1138	165	3	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	165	4	sataloff	sataloff	NOUN
ijosar-1138	165	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	165	6	vontela	vontela	PROPN
ijosar-1138	165	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	165	8	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	165	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	165	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	165	11	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	165	12	response	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	165	13	rate	rate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	165	14	above	above	ADP
ijosar-1138	165	15	60	60	NUM
ijosar-1138	165	16	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	165	17	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	165	18	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
ijosar-1138	165	19	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	165	20	drawing	draw	VERB
ijosar-1138	165	21	reliable	reliable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	165	22	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	165	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	165	24	indicating	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	165	25	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	165	26	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	165	27	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	165	28	collected	collect	VERB
ijosar-1138	165	29	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	165	30	robust	robust	ADJ
ijosar-1138	165	31	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	165	32	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ijosar-1138	165	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	166	1	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	2	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	166	3	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	166	4	response	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	5	rate	rate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	6	categories	category	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	7	targeted	target	VERB
ijosar-1138	166	8	participants	participant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	9	response	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	10	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	11	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	166	12	participants	participant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	13	70	70	NUM
ijosar-1138	166	14	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	166	15	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	166	16	participants	participant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	17	15	15	NUM
ijosar-1138	166	18	13	13	NUM
ijosar-1138	166	19	total	total	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	20	85	85	NUM
ijosar-1138	166	21	78	78	NUM
ijosar-1138	166	22	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	23	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	24	100	100	NUM
ijosar-1138	166	25	93	93	NUM
ijosar-1138	166	26	source	source	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	27	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	166	28	primary	primary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	166	29	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	166	30	collected	collect	VERB
ijosar-1138	166	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	167	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	167	2	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1138	167	3	response	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	167	4	rate	rate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	167	5	reflects	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1138	167	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	167	7	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	167	8	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	167	9	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	167	10	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	167	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	167	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	167	13	relevance	relevance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	167	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	167	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	167	16	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	167	17	topic	topic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	167	18	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	167	19	participants	participant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	167	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	168	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	168	2	slightly	slightly	ADV
ijosar-1138	168	3	lower	low	ADJ
ijosar-1138	168	4	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	168	5	response	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	168	6	rate	rate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	168	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	168	8	87	87	NUM
ijosar-1138	168	9	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	168	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	168	11	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1138	168	12	be	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	168	13	attributed	attribute	VERB
ijosar-1138	168	14	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	168	15	scheduling	scheduling	NOUN
ijosar-1138	168	16	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	168	17	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	168	18	reluctance	reluctance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	168	19	among	among	ADP
ijosar-1138	168	20	some	some	DET
ijosar-1138	168	21	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	168	22	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	168	23	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	168	24	participate	participate	VERB
ijosar-1138	168	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	168	26	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	168	27	common	common	ADJ
ijosar-1138	168	28	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	168	29	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	168	30	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	168	31	involving	involve	VERB
ijosar-1138	168	32	geographically	geographically	ADV
ijosar-1138	168	33	dispersed	disperse	VERB
ijosar-1138	168	34	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	168	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	169	1	5.1.2	5.1.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	169	2	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	169	3	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1138	169	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	169	5	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	169	6	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	169	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	169	8	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	169	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	169	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	169	11	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	169	12	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	169	13	targeted	target	VERB
ijosar-1138	169	14	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	169	15	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	169	16	involved	involve	VERB
ijosar-1138	169	17	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	169	18	cross	cross	ADJ
ijosar-1138	169	19	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	169	20	border	border	ADJ
ijosar-1138	169	21	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	169	22	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1138	169	23	west	west	PROPN
ijosar-1138	169	24	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	169	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	169	26	yielding	yield	VERB
ijosar-1138	169	27	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	169	28	responses	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	169	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	170	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	170	2	detailed	detailed	ADJ
ijosar-1138	170	3	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	170	4	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	5	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	170	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	170	7	full	full	ADJ
ijosar-1138	170	8	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	170	9	sample	sample	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	10	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	170	11	not	not	PART
ijosar-1138	170	12	collected	collect	VERB
ijosar-1138	170	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	170	14	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	170	15	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	170	17	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	170	18	four	four	NUM
ijosar-1138	170	19	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	20	interviewed	interview	VERB
ijosar-1138	170	21	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	170	22	part	part	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	23	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	170	24	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	170	25	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	170	26	sample	sample	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	27	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	170	28	reflective	reflective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	170	29	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	170	30	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	170	31	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1138	170	32	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	170	33	population	population	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	34	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	170	35	provides	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	170	36	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	170	37	representative	representative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	170	38	snapshot	snapshot	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	39	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	170	40	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	170	41	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	170	42	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	43	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	170	44	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	170	45	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	170	46	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	47	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	170	48	selected	select	VERB
ijosar-1138	170	49	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	170	50	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	170	51	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	52	focus	focus	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	53	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	170	54	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	55	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	56	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	170	57	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	171	1	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	2	2	2	NUM
ijosar-1138	171	3	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	171	4	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	171	5	information	information	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	171	7	interviewed	interview	VERB
ijosar-1138	171	8	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	9	items	item	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	10	categories	category	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	11	frequencies	frequencie	VERB
ijosar-1138	171	12	percentages	percentage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	13	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	14	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	171	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	171	16	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	17	owner	owner	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	18	/	/	SYM
ijosar-1138	171	19	founder	founder	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	20	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	171	21	100	100	NUM
ijosar-1138	171	22	manager	manager	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	23	/	/	SYM
ijosar-1138	171	24	ceo	ceo	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	25	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	171	26	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	171	27	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	171	28	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	29	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	171	30	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	172	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	172	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	172	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	173	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	173	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	173	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	174	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	174	2	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	174	3	124	124	NUM
ijosar-1138	174	4	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	174	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	174	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	174	7	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	174	8	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	174	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	174	10	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	174	11	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	174	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	174	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	174	14	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	174	15	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	174	16	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	174	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	174	18	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	174	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	174	20	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	174	21	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	174	22	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	175	1	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	175	2	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	175	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	175	4	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	175	5	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	175	6	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	175	7	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	175	8	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	175	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	175	10	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	175	11	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	176	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	176	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	176	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	176	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	176	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	176	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	176	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	176	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	176	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	176	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	176	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	176	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	176	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	176	19	operations	operation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	20	/	/	SYM
ijosar-1138	176	21	logistics	logistic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	22	head	head	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	23	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	24	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	25	others	other	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	26	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	27	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	28	year	year	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	29	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	30	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	176	31	established	establish	VERB
ijosar-1138	176	32	2008	2008	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	33	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	34	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	35	2018	2018	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	36	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	37	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	38	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	39	2	2	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	40	50	50	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	41	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	42	size	size	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	43	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	176	44	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	176	45	number	number	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	46	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	176	47	employees	employee	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	48	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	176	49	1–9	1–9	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	50	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	176	51	micro	micro	NOUN
ijosar-1138	176	52	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	176	53	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	54	100	100	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	55	10–49	10–49	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	56	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	176	57	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	176	58	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	176	59	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	176	60	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	1	50–249	50–249	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	2	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	177	3	medium	medium	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	4	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	177	5	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	6	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	7	250	250	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	177	9	above	above	ADV
ijosar-1138	177	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	177	11	large	large	ADJ
ijosar-1138	177	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	177	13	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	14	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	15	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	16	's	's	PART
ijosar-1138	177	17	annual	annual	ADJ
ijosar-1138	177	18	revenue	revenue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	19	less	less	ADJ
ijosar-1138	177	20	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1138	177	21	₦	₦	ADP
ijosar-1138	177	22	5	5	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	23	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	24	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	25	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	26	₦	₦	ADP
ijosar-1138	177	27	5	5	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	28	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	29	–	–	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	177	30	₦	₦	ADP
ijosar-1138	177	31	50	50	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	32	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	33	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	34	75	75	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	35	₦	₦	ADP
ijosar-1138	177	36	51	51	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	37	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	38	–	–	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	177	39	₦	₦	PROPN
ijosar-1138	177	40	100	100	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	41	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	42	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	43	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	44	above	above	ADP
ijosar-1138	177	45	₦	₦	X
ijosar-1138	177	46	100	100	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	47	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	48	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	49	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	50	prefer	prefer	VERB
ijosar-1138	177	51	not	not	PART
ijosar-1138	177	52	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	177	53	say	say	VERB
ijosar-1138	177	54	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	55	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	56	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	57	sector	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	58	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	59	2	2	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	60	50	50	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	61	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	62	2	2	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	63	50	50	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	64	food	food	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	65	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	177	66	beverages	beverage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	67	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	68	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	69	services	service	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	70	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	177	71	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ijosar-1138	177	72	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	177	73	ict	ict	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	74	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	177	75	finance	finance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	76	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	177	77	logistics	logistic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	78	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	177	79	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	80	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	81	retail	retail	ADJ
ijosar-1138	177	82	/	/	SYM
ijosar-1138	177	83	wholesale	wholesale	NOUN
ijosar-1138	177	84	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	177	85	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	178	1	others	other	NOUN
ijosar-1138	178	2	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	178	3	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	178	4	headquarters	headquarters	NOUN
ijosar-1138	178	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	178	6	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	178	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	178	8	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	178	9	100	100	NUM
ijosar-1138	178	10	outside	outside	ADP
ijosar-1138	178	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	178	12	0	0	SYM
ijosar-1138	178	13	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	178	14	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	178	15	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	178	16	west	west	ADJ
ijosar-1138	178	17	african	african	ADJ
ijosar-1138	178	18	countries	country	NOUN
ijosar-1138	178	19	yes	yes	INTJ
ijosar-1138	179	1	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1138	179	2	75	75	NUM
ijosar-1138	179	3	no	no	DET
ijosar-1138	179	4	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	179	5	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	179	6	planning	planning	NOUN
ijosar-1138	179	7	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	179	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	179	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	179	10	next	next	ADJ
ijosar-1138	179	11	12	12	NUM
ijosar-1138	179	12	months	month	NOUN
ijosar-1138	179	13	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	179	14	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	179	15	source	source	NOUN
ijosar-1138	179	16	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	179	17	primary	primary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	179	18	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	179	19	collected	collect	VERB
ijosar-1138	179	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	180	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	180	2	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	180	3	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1138	180	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	180	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	180	6	interviewed	interview	VERB
ijosar-1138	180	7	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	180	8	reveals	reveal	VERB
ijosar-1138	180	9	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	180	10	homogenous	homogenous	ADJ
ijosar-1138	180	11	group	group	NOUN
ijosar-1138	180	12	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	180	13	microenterprises	microenterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	180	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	180	15	all	all	PRON
ijosar-1138	180	16	led	lead	VERB
ijosar-1138	180	17	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	180	18	owners	owner	NOUN
ijosar-1138	180	19	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	180	20	founders	founder	NOUN
ijosar-1138	180	21	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	180	22	100	100	NUM
ijosar-1138	180	23	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	180	24	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	180	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	180	26	reflecting	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1138	180	27	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	180	28	entrepreneurial	entrepreneurial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	180	29	nature	nature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	180	30	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	180	31	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	180	32	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	180	33	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	180	34	ownership	ownership	NOUN
ijosar-1138	180	35	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	180	36	management	management	NOUN
ijosar-1138	180	37	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1138	180	38	converge	converge	VERB
ijosar-1138	180	39	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	181	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	181	2	structure	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	181	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	181	4	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	181	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	181	6	decision	decision	NOUN
ijosar-1138	181	7	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	181	8	making	making	NOUN
ijosar-1138	181	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	181	10	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	181	11	could	could	AUX
ijosar-1138	181	12	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	181	13	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	181	14	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	181	15	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	181	16	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	181	17	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	181	18	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	182	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	182	2	businesses	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	182	3	vary	vary	VERB
ijosar-1138	182	4	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	182	5	longevity	longevity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	182	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	182	7	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	182	8	50	50	NUM
ijosar-1138	182	9	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	182	10	established	establish	VERB
ijosar-1138	182	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	182	12	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	182	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	182	14	indicating	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	182	15	recent	recent	ADJ
ijosar-1138	182	16	entrants	entrant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	182	17	navigating	navigate	VERB
ijosar-1138	182	18	post	post	ADJ
ijosar-1138	182	19	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	182	20	covid	covid	ADJ
ijosar-1138	182	21	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	182	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	182	23	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	182	24	older	old	ADJ
ijosar-1138	182	25	firms	firm	NOUN
ijosar-1138	182	26	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	182	27	2008	2008	NUM
ijosar-1138	182	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	182	29	2018	2018	NUM
ijosar-1138	182	30	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	182	31	bring	bring	VERB
ijosar-1138	182	32	seasoned	seasoned	ADJ
ijosar-1138	182	33	experience	experience	NOUN
ijosar-1138	182	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	183	1	all	all	PRON
ijosar-1138	183	2	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	183	3	micro	micro	NOUN
ijosar-1138	183	4	-	-	NOUN
ijosar-1138	183	5	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	183	6	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	183	7	1–9	1–9	NUM
ijosar-1138	183	8	employees	employee	NOUN
ijosar-1138	183	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	183	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	183	11	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ijosar-1138	183	12	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	183	13	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	183	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	183	15	nbs	nbs	PROPN
ijosar-1138	183	16	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	183	17	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	183	18	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	183	19	findings	finding	VERB
ijosar-1138	183	20	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	183	21	micro	micro	NOUN
ijosar-1138	183	22	-	-	NOUN
ijosar-1138	183	23	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	183	24	dominate	dominate	VERB
ijosar-1138	183	25	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	183	26	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	183	27	private	private	ADJ
ijosar-1138	183	28	sector	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1138	183	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	184	1	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	184	2	modest	modest	ADJ
ijosar-1138	184	3	revenue	revenue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	184	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	184	5	₦	₦	X
ijosar-1138	184	6	5–50	5–50	NOUN
ijosar-1138	184	7	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1138	184	8	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	184	9	75	75	NUM
ijosar-1138	184	10	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	184	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	184	12	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1138	184	13	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	184	14	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ijosar-1138	184	15	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	184	16	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1138	184	17	limit	limit	VERB
ijosar-1138	184	18	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	184	19	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	184	20	without	without	ADP
ijosar-1138	184	21	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	184	22	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	184	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	185	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	185	2	equal	equal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	185	3	split	split	NOUN
ijosar-1138	185	4	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1138	185	5	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
ijosar-1138	185	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	185	7	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	185	8	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1138	185	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	185	10	50	50	NUM
ijosar-1138	185	11	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	185	12	each	each	PRON
ijosar-1138	185	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	185	14	aligns	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	185	15	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	185	16	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	185	17	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	185	18	focus	focus	NOUN
ijosar-1138	185	19	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	185	20	agro	agro	NOUN
ijosar-1138	185	21	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	185	22	processing	process	VERB
ijosar-1138	185	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	185	24	light	light	NOUN
ijosar-1138	185	25	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	185	26	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	185	27	key	key	ADJ
ijosar-1138	185	28	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	185	29	areas	area	NOUN
ijosar-1138	185	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	186	1	notably	notably	ADV
ijosar-1138	186	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	186	3	75	75	NUM
ijosar-1138	186	4	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	186	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	186	6	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	186	7	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	186	8	actively	actively	ADV
ijosar-1138	186	9	export	export	VERB
ijosar-1138	186	10	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	186	11	west	west	PROPN
ijosar-1138	186	12	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	186	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	186	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	186	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	186	16	remaining	remain	VERB
ijosar-1138	186	17	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	186	18	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	186	19	plan	plan	NOUN
ijosar-1138	186	20	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	186	21	do	do	AUX
ijosar-1138	186	22	so	so	ADV
ijosar-1138	186	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	186	24	highlighting	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	186	25	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	186	26	regional	regional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	186	27	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	186	28	ambitions	ambition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	186	29	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	186	30	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	186	31	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	186	32	scale	scale	NOUN
ijosar-1138	186	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	187	1	5.1.3	5.1.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	187	2	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	187	3	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1138	187	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	187	5	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	187	6	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	187	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	187	8	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	187	9	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	187	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	187	11	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	187	12	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	187	13	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	187	14	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	188	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	188	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	188	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	189	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	189	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	189	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	189	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	189	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	189	6	125	125	NUM
ijosar-1138	189	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	189	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	189	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	189	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	189	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	189	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	189	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	189	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	189	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	189	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	189	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	189	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	189	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	189	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	189	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	189	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	189	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	189	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	190	1	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	190	2	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	190	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	190	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	191	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	191	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	191	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	191	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	191	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	191	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	191	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	191	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	192	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	192	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	192	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	192	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	192	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	192	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	192	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	192	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	192	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	192	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	192	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	192	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	192	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	192	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	192	20	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	192	21	sample	sample	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	22	included	include	VERB
ijosar-1138	192	23	four	four	NUM
ijosar-1138	192	24	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	25	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	192	27	whose	whose	DET
ijosar-1138	192	28	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	192	29	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	30	provide	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	192	31	insight	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	32	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	192	33	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	192	34	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	35	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	36	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	192	37	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	38	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	192	39	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	192	40	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	192	41	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	42	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1138	192	43	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	192	44	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	192	45	information	information	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	46	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	192	47	interviewed	interview	VERB
ijosar-1138	192	48	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	192	49	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	50	items	item	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	51	categories	category	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	52	frequencies	frequencie	VERB
ijosar-1138	192	53	percentages	percentage	VERB
ijosar-1138	192	54	country	country	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	55	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	192	56	residence	residence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	57	united	united	PROPN
ijosar-1138	192	58	kingdom	kingdom	PROPN
ijosar-1138	192	59	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	192	60	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	192	61	united	united	ADJ
ijosar-1138	192	62	states	states	PROPN
ijosar-1138	192	63	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	192	64	america	america	PROPN
ijosar-1138	192	65	2	2	NUM
ijosar-1138	192	66	50	50	NUM
ijosar-1138	192	67	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ijosar-1138	192	68	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	192	69	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	192	70	others	other	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	71	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	192	72	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	192	73	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ijosar-1138	192	74	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	192	75	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	193	1	yes	yes	INTJ
ijosar-1138	193	2	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	3	100	100	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	4	no	no	DET
ijosar-1138	193	5	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	6	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	7	area	area	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	193	9	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	10	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	11	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	12	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	13	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	14	manufacturing	manufacture	VERB
ijosar-1138	193	15	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	16	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	17	food	food	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	193	19	beverages	beverage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	20	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	21	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	22	services	service	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	193	24	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ijosar-1138	193	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	193	26	ict	ict	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	193	28	finance	finance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	193	30	logistics	logistic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	31	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	193	32	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	33	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	34	retail	retail	ADJ
ijosar-1138	193	35	/	/	SYM
ijosar-1138	193	36	wholesale	wholesale	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	37	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	38	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	39	others	other	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	40	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	41	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	193	42	real	real	ADJ
ijosar-1138	193	43	estate	estate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	44	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	193	45	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	193	46	invested	invest	VERB
ijosar-1138	193	47	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	193	48	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	193	49	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	193	50	via	via	ADP
ijosar-1138	193	51	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	194	1	yes	yes	INTJ
ijosar-1138	194	2	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	3	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	4	no	no	DET
ijosar-1138	194	5	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	6	75	75	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	7	level	level	NOUN
ijosar-1138	194	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	194	9	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	194	10	less	less	ADJ
ijosar-1138	194	11	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1138	194	12	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1138	194	13	5,000	5,000	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	14	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	15	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	16	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1138	194	17	5,000–$25,000	5,000–$25,000	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	18	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	19	100	100	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	20	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1138	194	21	25,000–$100,000	25,000–$100,000	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	22	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	23	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	24	above	above	ADP
ijosar-1138	194	25	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1138	194	26	100,000	100,000	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	27	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	28	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	29	prefer	prefer	VERB
ijosar-1138	194	30	not	not	PART
ijosar-1138	194	31	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	194	32	say	say	VERB
ijosar-1138	194	33	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	34	0	0	NUM
ijosar-1138	194	35	source	source	NOUN
ijosar-1138	194	36	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	194	37	primary	primary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	194	38	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	194	39	collected	collect	VERB
ijosar-1138	194	40	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	195	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	195	2	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	195	3	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	195	4	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	195	5	geographically	geographically	ADV
ijosar-1138	195	6	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ijosar-1138	195	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	195	8	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	195	9	50	50	NUM
ijosar-1138	195	10	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	195	11	residing	reside	VERB
ijosar-1138	195	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	195	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	195	14	united	united	PROPN
ijosar-1138	195	15	states	states	PROPN
ijosar-1138	195	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	195	17	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	195	18	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	195	19	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	195	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	195	21	united	united	ADJ
ijosar-1138	195	22	kingdom	kingdom	PROPN
ijosar-1138	195	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	195	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	195	25	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	195	26	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	195	27	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	195	28	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ijosar-1138	195	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	195	30	reflecting	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1138	195	31	key	key	ADJ
ijosar-1138	195	32	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	195	33	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	195	34	hubs	hub	NOUN
ijosar-1138	195	35	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	195	36	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	195	37	growing	grow	VERB
ijosar-1138	195	38	intra	intra	ADJ
ijosar-1138	195	39	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	195	40	african	african	ADJ
ijosar-1138	195	41	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	195	42	presence	presence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	195	43	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	196	1	all	all	DET
ijosar-1138	196	2	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	196	3	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	196	4	100	100	NUM
ijosar-1138	196	5	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	196	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	196	7	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	196	8	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	196	9	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ijosar-1138	196	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	196	11	underscoring	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1138	196	12	strong	strong	ADJ
ijosar-1138	196	13	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ijosar-1138	196	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	196	15	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	196	16	ties	tie	NOUN
ijosar-1138	196	17	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	196	18	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1138	196	19	drive	drive	VERB
ijosar-1138	196	20	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	196	21	decisions	decision	NOUN
ijosar-1138	196	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	196	23	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ijosar-1138	196	24	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	196	25	brinkerhoff	brinkerhoff	NOUN
ijosar-1138	196	26	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	196	27	2008	2008	NUM
ijosar-1138	196	28	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	196	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	196	30	douw	douw	VERB
ijosar-1138	196	31	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	196	32	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	196	33	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	197	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	197	2	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	197	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	197	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	198	1	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	198	2	investments	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	198	3	span	span	VERB
ijosar-1138	198	4	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
ijosar-1138	198	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	198	6	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	198	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	198	8	food	food	NOUN
ijosar-1138	198	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	198	10	beverages	beverage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	198	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	198	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	198	13	real	real	ADJ
ijosar-1138	198	14	estate	estate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	198	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	198	16	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	198	17	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	198	18	each	each	PRON
ijosar-1138	198	19	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	198	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	198	21	indicating	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	198	22	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ijosar-1138	198	23	interests	interest	NOUN
ijosar-1138	198	24	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	198	25	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	198	26	preference	preference	NOUN
ijosar-1138	198	27	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	198	28	tangible	tangible	ADJ
ijosar-1138	198	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	198	30	goods	good	NOUN
ijosar-1138	198	31	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	198	32	based	base	VERB
ijosar-1138	198	33	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1138	198	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	198	35	possibly	possibly	ADV
ijosar-1138	198	36	due	due	ADP
ijosar-1138	198	37	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	198	38	perceived	perceive	VERB
ijosar-1138	198	39	lower	low	ADJ
ijosar-1138	198	40	risk	risk	NOUN
ijosar-1138	198	41	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	199	1	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1138	199	2	25	25	NUM
ijosar-1138	199	3	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	199	4	invested	invest	VERB
ijosar-1138	199	5	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	199	6	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	199	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	199	8	suggesting	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	199	9	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	199	10	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	199	11	mediation	mediation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	199	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	199	13	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	199	14	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	199	15	gap	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	199	16	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	199	17	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	199	18	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	199	19	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	199	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	200	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	200	2	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	200	3	range	range	NOUN
ijosar-1138	200	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	200	5	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1138	200	6	5,000–$25,000	5,000–$25,000	NUM
ijosar-1138	200	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	200	8	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	200	9	modest	modest	ADJ
ijosar-1138	200	10	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	200	11	significant	significant	ADJ
ijosar-1138	200	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	200	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	200	14	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	200	15	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	200	16	context	context	PROPN
ijosar-1138	200	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	200	18	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	200	19	smallscale	smallscale	ADJ
ijosar-1138	200	20	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	200	21	can	can	AUX
ijosar-1138	200	22	drive	drive	VERB
ijosar-1138	200	23	substantial	substantial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	200	24	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	200	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	201	1	5.1.4	5.1.4	NUM
ijosar-1138	201	2	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	201	3	profile	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1138	201	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	201	5	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	201	6	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	201	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	201	8	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	201	9	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	201	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	201	11	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	201	12	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	201	13	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	201	14	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	202	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	202	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	202	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	203	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	203	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	203	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	203	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	203	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	203	6	126	126	NUM
ijosar-1138	203	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	203	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	203	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	203	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	203	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	203	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	203	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	203	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	203	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	203	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	203	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	203	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	203	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	203	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	203	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	203	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	203	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	203	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	203	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	203	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	203	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	203	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	203	29	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	204	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	204	2	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	204	3	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	204	4	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	204	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	204	6	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	204	7	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	205	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	205	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	205	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	205	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	205	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	205	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	205	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	205	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	205	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	205	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	205	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	205	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	205	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	205	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	205	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	205	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	205	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	205	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	205	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	205	20	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	205	21	sample	sample	NOUN
ijosar-1138	205	22	included	include	VERB
ijosar-1138	205	23	five	five	NUM
ijosar-1138	205	24	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	205	25	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	205	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	205	27	coded	code	VERB
ijosar-1138	205	28	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	205	29	sd1	sd1	PROPN
ijosar-1138	205	30	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	205	31	sd5	sd5	PROPN
ijosar-1138	205	32	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	206	1	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1138	206	2	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	206	3	details	detail	NOUN
ijosar-1138	206	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	206	5	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ijosar-1138	206	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	206	7	age	age	NOUN
ijosar-1138	206	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	206	9	gender	gender	NOUN
ijosar-1138	206	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	206	11	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	206	12	not	not	PART
ijosar-1138	206	13	collected	collect	VERB
ijosar-1138	206	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	206	15	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	206	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	206	17	focus	focus	NOUN
ijosar-1138	206	18	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	206	19	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	206	20	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	206	21	professional	professional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	206	22	roles	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	206	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	206	24	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	206	25	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	206	26	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	206	27	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	206	28	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	206	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	207	1	all	all	DET
ijosar-1138	207	2	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	207	3	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	207	4	senior	senior	ADJ
ijosar-1138	207	5	representatives	representative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	207	6	involved	involve	VERB
ijosar-1138	207	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	207	8	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	207	9	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	207	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	207	11	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	207	12	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	207	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	207	14	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	207	15	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	207	16	promotion	promotion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	207	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	207	18	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ijosar-1138	207	19	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	207	20	responses	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	207	21	reflect	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1138	207	22	authoritative	authoritative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	207	23	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	207	24	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	207	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	207	26	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	207	27	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	207	28	operations	operation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	207	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	208	1	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	208	2	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	208	3	provides	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	208	4	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	208	5	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	208	6	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	208	7	viewpoint	viewpoint	NOUN
ijosar-1138	208	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	208	9	complementing	complement	VERB
ijosar-1138	208	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	208	11	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	208	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	208	13	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	208	14	investor	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	208	15	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	208	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	209	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	209	2	diversity	diversity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	209	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	209	4	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	209	5	having	have	VERB
ijosar-1138	209	6	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	209	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	209	8	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	209	9	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	209	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	209	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	209	12	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	209	13	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	209	14	offers	offer	VERB
ijosar-1138	209	15	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	209	16	multi	multi	ADJ
ijosar-1138	209	17	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	209	18	faceted	faceted	ADJ
ijosar-1138	209	19	view	view	NOUN
ijosar-1138	209	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	209	21	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	209	22	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	209	23	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	209	24	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	209	25	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	209	26	investment	investment	PROPN
ijosar-1138	209	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	209	28	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	209	29	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	209	30	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	209	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	210	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	210	2	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	210	3	’	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	210	4	micro	micro	NOUN
ijosar-1138	210	5	-	-	NOUN
ijosar-1138	210	6	enterprise	enterprise	ADJ
ijosar-1138	210	7	status	status	NOUN
ijosar-1138	210	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	210	9	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	210	10	focus	focus	NOUN
ijosar-1138	210	11	align	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	210	12	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	210	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	210	14	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	210	15	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	210	16	structure	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	210	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	210	18	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	210	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	210	20	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	210	21	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	210	22	’	’	PART
ijosar-1138	210	23	geographic	geographic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	210	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	210	25	sectoral	sectoral	ADJ
ijosar-1138	210	26	diversity	diversity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	210	27	highlight	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	210	28	untapped	untapped	ADJ
ijosar-1138	210	29	potential	potential	NOUN
ijosar-1138	210	30	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	210	31	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1138	210	32	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	210	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	211	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	211	2	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	211	3	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	211	4	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	211	5	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	211	6	among	among	ADP
ijosar-1138	211	7	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	211	8	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	211	9	signals	signal	VERB
ijosar-1138	211	10	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	211	11	need	need	NOUN
ijosar-1138	211	12	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	211	13	improved	improved	ADJ
ijosar-1138	211	14	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	211	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	212	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	212	2	profiles	profile	NOUN
ijosar-1138	212	3	set	set	VERB
ijosar-1138	212	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	212	5	stage	stage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	212	6	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	212	7	analyzing	analyze	VERB
ijosar-1138	212	8	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	212	9	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	212	10	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	212	11	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	212	12	influence	influence	VERB
ijosar-1138	212	13	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	212	14	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	212	15	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	212	16	connections	connection	NOUN
ijosar-1138	212	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	212	18	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	212	19	explored	explore	VERB
ijosar-1138	212	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	212	21	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	212	22	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
ijosar-1138	212	23	sections	section	NOUN
ijosar-1138	212	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	213	1	5.2	5.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	213	2	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	213	3	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	213	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	213	5	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	213	6	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	213	7	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	213	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	213	9	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	213	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	213	11	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	213	12	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	213	13	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	213	14	engaged	engage	VERB
ijosar-1138	213	15	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	213	16	cross	cross	ADJ
ijosar-1138	213	17	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	213	18	border	border	ADJ
ijosar-1138	213	19	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	213	20	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1138	213	21	west	west	PROPN
ijosar-1138	213	22	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	213	23	aims	aim	VERB
ijosar-1138	213	24	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	213	25	address	address	VERB
ijosar-1138	213	26	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	213	27	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	213	28	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	213	29	primary	primary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	213	30	objective	objective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	213	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	214	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	214	2	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	214	3	collected	collect	VERB
ijosar-1138	214	4	via	via	ADP
ijosar-1138	214	5	electronic	electronic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	214	6	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
ijosar-1138	214	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
ijosar-1138	214	8	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	214	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	214	10	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	214	11	platform	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	214	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	214	13	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	214	14	cleaned	clean	VERB
ijosar-1138	214	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	214	16	entered	enter	VERB
ijosar-1138	214	17	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	214	18	excel	excel	NOUN
ijosar-1138	214	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	214	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	214	21	analyzed	analyze	VERB
ijosar-1138	214	22	using	use	VERB
ijosar-1138	214	23	spss	spss	PROPN
ijosar-1138	214	24	software	software	NOUN
ijosar-1138	214	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	215	1	results	result	NOUN
ijosar-1138	215	2	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	215	3	organized	organize	VERB
ijosar-1138	215	4	around	around	ADP
ijosar-1138	215	5	key	key	ADJ
ijosar-1138	215	6	variables	variable	NOUN
ijosar-1138	215	7	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	215	8	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	215	9	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	215	10	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	215	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	215	12	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	215	13	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	215	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	215	15	program	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	215	16	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	215	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	215	18	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	215	19	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	215	20	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	215	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	215	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	215	23	perceived	perceive	VERB
ijosar-1138	215	24	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	215	25	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	215	26	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	215	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	216	1	each	each	DET
ijosar-1138	216	2	finding	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	216	3	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	216	4	presented	present	VERB
ijosar-1138	216	5	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	216	6	tables	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	216	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	216	8	followed	follow	VERB
ijosar-1138	216	9	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	216	10	interpretations	interpretation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	216	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	216	12	commentary	commentary	NOUN
ijosar-1138	216	13	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	216	14	connect	connect	VERB
ijosar-1138	216	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	216	16	results	result	NOUN
ijosar-1138	216	17	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	216	18	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	216	19	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	216	20	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	216	21	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	216	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	216	23	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	216	24	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	216	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	216	26	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	216	27	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	216	28	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	216	29	structures	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	216	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	216	31	policies	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	216	32	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	216	33	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	216	34	intermediaries	intermediary	NOUN
ijosar-1138	216	35	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	216	36	shaping	shape	VERB
ijosar-1138	216	37	organizational	organizational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	216	38	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ijosar-1138	216	39	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	216	40	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	216	41	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1138	216	42	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	217	1	5.2.1	5.2.1	NUM
ijosar-1138	217	2	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	217	3	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	217	4	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	217	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	217	6	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	217	7	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	217	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	217	9	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	217	10	assessed	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	217	11	whether	whether	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	217	12	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	217	13	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	217	14	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	217	15	’	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	217	16	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	217	17	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	217	18	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	217	19	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	217	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	217	21	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	217	22	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	217	23	measure	measure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	217	24	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	217	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	217	26	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	217	27	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	217	28	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	217	29	function	function	NOUN
ijosar-1138	217	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	218	1	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	218	2	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	218	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	218	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	219	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	219	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	219	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	220	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	220	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	220	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	220	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	220	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	220	6	127	127	NUM
ijosar-1138	220	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	220	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	220	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	220	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	220	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	220	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	220	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	220	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	220	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	220	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	220	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	220	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	220	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	220	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	220	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	220	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	220	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	220	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	220	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	220	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	220	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	220	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	221	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	221	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	221	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	221	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	221	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	221	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	221	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	221	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	222	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	222	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	222	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	222	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	222	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	222	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	222	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	222	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	222	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	222	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	222	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	222	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	222	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	222	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	222	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	222	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	222	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	222	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	222	19	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	222	20	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	222	21	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	222	22	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	222	23	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	222	24	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	222	25	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	222	26	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	222	27	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	222	28	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	222	29	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	222	30	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	222	31	your	your	PRON
ijosar-1138	222	32	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	222	33	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	222	34	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	222	35	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	222	36	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	222	37	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	222	38	?	?	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	223	1	n	n	PRON
ijosar-1138	223	2	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	223	3	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	223	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	223	5	%	%	INTJ
ijosar-1138	223	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	223	7	yes	yes	INTJ
ijosar-1138	223	8	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	223	9	7	7	NUM
ijosar-1138	223	10	10.8	10.8	NUM
ijosar-1138	223	11	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	223	12	no	no	DET
ijosar-1138	223	13	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	223	14	57	57	NUM
ijosar-1138	223	15	87.7	87.7	NUM
ijosar-1138	223	16	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	223	17	not	not	PART
ijosar-1138	223	18	applicable	applicable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	223	19	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	223	20	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	223	21	1.5	1.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	223	22	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	223	23	source	source	NOUN
ijosar-1138	223	24	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	223	25	primary	primary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	223	26	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	223	27	collected	collect	VERB
ijosar-1138	223	28	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	223	29	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	223	30	reveal	reveal	VERB
ijosar-1138	223	31	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	223	32	striking	striking	ADJ
ijosar-1138	223	33	disconnect	disconnect	NOUN
ijosar-1138	223	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	223	35	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	223	36	87.7	87.7	NUM
ijosar-1138	223	37	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	223	38	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	223	39	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	223	40	reporting	report	VERB
ijosar-1138	223	41	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	223	42	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	223	43	did	do	AUX
ijosar-1138	223	44	not	not	PART
ijosar-1138	223	45	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	223	46	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	223	47	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	223	48	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	223	49	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	223	50	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	223	51	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	224	1	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1138	224	2	10.8	10.8	NUM
ijosar-1138	224	3	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	224	4	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB
ijosar-1138	224	5	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	224	6	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	224	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	224	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	224	9	1.5	1.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	224	10	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	224	11	found	find	VERB
ijosar-1138	224	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	224	13	question	question	NOUN
ijosar-1138	224	14	inapplicable	inapplicable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	224	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	225	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	225	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	225	3	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	225	4	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	225	5	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	225	6	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	225	7	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	225	8	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	225	9	connecting	connect	VERB
ijosar-1138	225	10	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	225	11	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	225	12	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	225	13	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	225	14	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	225	15	either	either	ADV
ijosar-1138	225	16	underutilized	underutilized	ADJ
ijosar-1138	225	17	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	225	18	insufficiently	insufficiently	ADV
ijosar-1138	225	19	visible	visible	ADJ
ijosar-1138	225	20	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	225	21	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	225	22	majority	majority	NOUN
ijosar-1138	225	23	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	225	24	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	225	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	226	1	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	226	2	an	an	DET
ijosar-1138	226	3	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	226	4	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	226	5	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	226	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	226	7	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	226	8	low	low	ADJ
ijosar-1138	226	9	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	226	10	rate	rate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	226	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	226	12	10.8	10.8	NUM
ijosar-1138	226	13	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	226	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	226	15	indicates	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	226	16	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	226	17	gap	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	226	18	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	226	19	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	226	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	226	21	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	226	22	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	226	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	226	24	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	226	25	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	226	26	act	act	VERB
ijosar-1138	226	27	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	226	28	an	an	DET
ijosar-1138	226	29	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	226	30	intermediary	intermediary	NOUN
ijosar-1138	226	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	227	1	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	227	2	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	227	3	posits	posit	NOUN
ijosar-1138	227	4	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	227	5	organizations	organization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	227	6	rely	rely	VERB
ijosar-1138	227	7	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	227	8	credible	credible	ADJ
ijosar-1138	227	9	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	227	10	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	227	11	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	227	12	build	build	VERB
ijosar-1138	227	13	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1138	227	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	227	15	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	227	16	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	227	17	exchanges	exchange	NOUN
ijosar-1138	227	18	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	227	19	north	north	NOUN
ijosar-1138	227	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	227	21	1990	1990	NUM
ijosar-1138	227	22	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	227	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	228	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	228	2	overwhelming	overwhelming	ADJ
ijosar-1138	228	3	majority	majority	NOUN
ijosar-1138	228	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	228	5	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	228	6	reporting	report	VERB
ijosar-1138	228	7	no	no	DET
ijosar-1138	228	8	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	228	9	suggests	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	228	10	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	228	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	228	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	228	13	structures	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	228	14	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	228	15	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	228	16	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	228	17	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	228	18	forums	forum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	228	19	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	228	20	matchmaking	matchmaking	NOUN
ijosar-1138	228	21	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	228	22	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	228	23	not	not	PART
ijosar-1138	228	24	effectively	effectively	ADV
ijosar-1138	228	25	embedded	embed	VERB
ijosar-1138	228	26	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	228	27	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	228	28	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	228	29	ecosystem	ecosystem	PROPN
ijosar-1138	228	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	229	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	229	2	aligns	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	229	3	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	229	4	brinkerhoff	brinkerhoff	ADJ
ijosar-1138	229	5	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	229	6	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	229	7	2008	2008	NUM
ijosar-1138	229	8	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	229	9	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	229	10	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	229	11	model	model	NOUN
ijosar-1138	229	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	229	13	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	229	14	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	229	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	229	16	need	need	NOUN
ijosar-1138	229	17	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	229	18	visible	visible	ADJ
ijosar-1138	229	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	229	20	trusted	trust	VERB
ijosar-1138	229	21	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	229	22	channels	channel	NOUN
ijosar-1138	229	23	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	229	24	bridge	bridge	VERB
ijosar-1138	229	25	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	229	26	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1138	229	27	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	229	28	local	local	ADJ
ijosar-1138	229	29	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	229	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	230	1	5.2.2	5.2.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	230	2	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	230	3	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	230	4	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	230	5	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	230	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	230	7	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	230	8	explored	explore	VERB
ijosar-1138	230	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	230	10	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1138	230	11	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	230	12	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	230	13	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	230	14	participated	participate	VERB
ijosar-1138	230	15	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	230	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	230	17	shedding	shed	VERB
ijosar-1138	230	18	light	light	NOUN
ijosar-1138	230	19	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	230	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	230	21	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	230	22	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	230	23	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	230	24	reach	reach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	230	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	230	26	focus	focus	VERB
ijosar-1138	230	27	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	230	28	5	5	NUM
ijosar-1138	230	29	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	230	30	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	230	31	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	230	32	participated	participate	VERB
ijosar-1138	230	33	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	230	34	item	item	NOUN
ijosar-1138	230	35	n	n	DET
ijosar-1138	230	36	freq	freq	NOUN
ijosar-1138	230	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	231	1	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	231	2	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	231	3	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	231	4	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	231	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	231	6	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ijosar-1138	231	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	231	8	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	231	9	fairs	fair	NOUN
ijosar-1138	231	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	231	11	networking	network	VERB
ijosar-1138	231	12	events	event	NOUN
ijosar-1138	231	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	231	14	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	231	15	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	231	16	6.2	6.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	231	17	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	231	18	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	231	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	231	20	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	231	21	workshops	workshop	NOUN
ijosar-1138	231	22	/	/	SYM
ijosar-1138	231	23	training	train	VERB
ijosar-1138	231	24	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	231	25	38	38	NUM
ijosar-1138	231	26	56.5	56.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	231	27	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	231	28	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	231	29	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	231	30	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	231	31	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	232	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	232	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	232	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	233	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	233	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	233	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	234	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	234	2	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	234	3	128	128	NUM
ijosar-1138	234	4	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	234	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	234	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	234	7	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	234	8	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	234	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	234	10	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	234	11	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	234	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	234	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	234	14	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	234	15	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	234	16	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	234	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	234	18	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	234	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	234	20	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	234	21	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	234	22	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	235	1	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	235	2	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	235	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	235	4	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	235	5	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	235	6	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	235	7	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	235	8	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	235	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	235	10	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	235	11	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	236	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	236	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	236	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	236	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	236	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	236	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	236	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	236	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	236	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	236	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	236	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	236	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	236	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	236	19	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	20	promotion	promotion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	21	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	22	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	23	21	21	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	24	32.3	32.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	25	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	26	partnership	partnership	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	27	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	28	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	236	29	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	236	30	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	31	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	32	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	33	6.2	6.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	34	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	35	annual	annual	ADJ
ijosar-1138	236	36	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	37	conferences	conference	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	38	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	39	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	40	1.5	1.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	41	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	42	packaging	packaging	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	43	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	236	44	bray	bray	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	45	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	46	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	47	1.5	1.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	48	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	49	meeting	meeting	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	50	fairs	fair	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	51	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	52	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	53	1.5	1.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	54	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	55	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	236	56	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	57	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	236	58	registration	registration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	59	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	60	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	61	1.5	1.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	62	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	63	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1138	236	64	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	236	65	please	please	INTJ
ijosar-1138	236	66	specify	specify	VERB
ijosar-1138	236	67	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	236	68	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	69	12	12	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	70	18.5	18.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	71	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	72	source	source	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	73	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	236	74	primary	primary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	236	75	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	76	collected	collect	VERB
ijosar-1138	236	77	most	most	ADJ
ijosar-1138	236	78	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	79	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	236	80	58.5	58.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	236	81	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	82	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	236	83	participated	participate	VERB
ijosar-1138	236	84	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	236	85	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	86	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	236	87	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	88	workshops	workshop	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	89	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	236	90	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	91	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	236	92	indicating	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	236	93	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	236	94	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	236	95	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	236	96	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	97	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	98	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	236	99	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	236	100	most	most	ADV
ijosar-1138	236	101	accessible	accessible	ADJ
ijosar-1138	236	102	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	236	103	visible	visible	ADJ
ijosar-1138	236	104	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	236	105	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	237	1	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	237	2	promotion	promotion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	237	3	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	237	4	engaged	engage	VERB
ijosar-1138	237	5	32.3	32.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	237	6	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	237	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	237	8	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	237	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	237	10	reflecting	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1138	237	11	moderate	moderate	ADJ
ijosar-1138	237	12	success	success	NOUN
ijosar-1138	237	13	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	237	14	supporting	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	237	15	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	237	16	internationalization	internationalization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	237	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	238	1	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1138	238	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	238	3	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1138	238	4	6.2	6.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	238	5	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	6	participated	participate	VERB
ijosar-1138	238	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	238	8	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	238	9	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	10	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	11	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	238	12	partnership	partnership	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	13	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	14	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	238	15	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	16	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	238	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	238	19	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1138	238	20	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	21	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	238	22	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ijosar-1138	238	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	238	24	annual	annual	ADJ
ijosar-1138	238	25	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	26	conferences	conference	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	238	28	packaging	packaging	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	238	30	branding	branding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	31	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	238	32	saw	see	VERB
ijosar-1138	238	33	minimal	minimal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	238	34	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	35	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	238	36	1.5	1.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	238	37	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	238	38	each	each	PRON
ijosar-1138	238	39	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	238	40	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	239	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	239	2	18.5	18.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	239	3	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	239	4	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	239	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	239	6	unspecified	unspecified	ADJ
ijosar-1138	239	7	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	239	8	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1138	239	9	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	239	10	activities	activity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	239	11	suggests	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	239	12	some	some	DET
ijosar-1138	239	13	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	239	14	engaged	engage	VERB
ijosar-1138	239	15	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	239	16	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ijosar-1138	239	17	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	239	18	less	less	ADV
ijosar-1138	239	19	formalized	formalize	VERB
ijosar-1138	239	20	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	239	21	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	240	1	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	240	2	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	240	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	240	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	240	5	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	240	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	240	7	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	240	8	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	240	9	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	240	10	shaping	shape	VERB
ijosar-1138	240	11	organizational	organizational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	240	12	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ijosar-1138	240	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	240	14	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	240	15	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1138	240	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	241	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	241	2	dominance	dominance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	241	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	241	4	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	241	5	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	241	6	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	241	7	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	241	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	241	9	58.5	58.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	241	10	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	241	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	241	12	suggests	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	241	13	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	241	14	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	241	15	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	241	16	established	establish	VERB
ijosar-1138	241	17	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	241	18	strong	strong	ADJ
ijosar-1138	241	19	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	241	20	presence	presence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	241	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	241	22	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	241	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	241	24	aligning	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	241	25	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	241	26	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	241	27	mandate	mandate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	241	28	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	241	29	enhance	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1138	241	30	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	241	31	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	241	32	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	241	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	242	1	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1138	242	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	242	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	242	4	low	low	ADJ
ijosar-1138	242	5	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	242	6	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	242	7	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	242	8	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	242	9	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1138	242	10	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	242	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	242	12	6.2	6.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	242	13	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	242	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	242	15	indicates	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	242	16	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	242	17	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1138	242	18	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	242	19	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	242	20	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	242	21	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	242	22	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	242	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	242	24	undermining	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1138	242	25	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	242	26	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	242	27	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	242	28	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	242	29	an	an	DET
ijosar-1138	242	30	intermediary	intermediary	NOUN
ijosar-1138	242	31	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	243	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	243	2	echoes	echo	VERB
ijosar-1138	243	3	chen	chen	PROPN
ijosar-1138	243	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	243	5	sanford	sanford	PROPN
ijosar-1138	243	6	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	243	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	243	8	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	243	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	243	10	argument	argument	NOUN
ijosar-1138	243	11	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	243	12	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	243	13	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	243	14	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	243	15	requires	require	VERB
ijosar-1138	243	16	targeted	target	VERB
ijosar-1138	243	17	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	243	18	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	243	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	243	20	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	243	21	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	243	22	dedicated	dedicated	ADJ
ijosar-1138	243	23	forums	forum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	243	24	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	243	25	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	243	26	windows	window	NOUN
ijosar-1138	243	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	243	28	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	243	29	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	243	30	appears	appear	VERB
ijosar-1138	243	31	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	243	32	lack	lack	VERB
ijosar-1138	243	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	244	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	244	2	moderate	moderate	ADJ
ijosar-1138	244	3	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	244	4	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	244	5	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	244	6	promotion	promotion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	244	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	244	8	32.3	32.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	244	9	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	244	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	244	11	aligns	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	244	12	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	244	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	244	14	african	african	PROPN
ijosar-1138	244	15	continental	continental	PROPN
ijosar-1138	244	16	free	free	PROPN
ijosar-1138	244	17	trade	trade	PROPN
ijosar-1138	244	18	area	area	NOUN
ijosar-1138	244	19	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	244	20	afcfta	afcfta	PROPN
ijosar-1138	244	21	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	244	22	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	244	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	244	24	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	244	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	244	26	low	low	ADJ
ijosar-1138	244	27	uptake	uptake	NOUN
ijosar-1138	244	28	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	244	29	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	244	30	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	244	31	focused	focus	VERB
ijosar-1138	244	32	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	244	33	suggests	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	244	34	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	244	35	misalignment	misalignment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	244	36	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1138	244	37	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	244	38	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	244	39	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1138	244	40	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	244	41	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	244	42	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	244	43	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	244	44	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	244	45	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	244	46	objectives	objective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	244	47	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	245	1	5.2.3	5.2.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	245	2	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	245	3	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	245	4	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	245	5	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	245	6	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	245	7	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	245	8	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	245	9	connections	connection	NOUN
ijosar-1138	245	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	245	11	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	245	12	measured	measure	VERB
ijosar-1138	245	13	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	245	14	’	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	245	15	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	245	16	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	245	17	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	245	18	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	245	19	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	245	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	245	21	connecting	connect	VERB
ijosar-1138	245	22	them	they	PRON
ijosar-1138	245	23	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	245	24	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	245	25	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	245	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	245	27	providing	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	245	28	insight	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	245	29	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	245	30	perceived	perceive	VERB
ijosar-1138	245	31	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	245	32	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	245	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	246	1	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	246	2	6	6	NUM
ijosar-1138	246	3	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	246	4	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	246	5	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	246	6	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	246	7	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	246	8	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	246	9	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	246	10	connecting	connect	VERB
ijosar-1138	246	11	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	246	12	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	246	13	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	246	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	247	1	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	247	2	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	247	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	247	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	248	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	248	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	248	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	249	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	249	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	249	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	249	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	249	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	249	6	129	129	NUM
ijosar-1138	249	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	249	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	249	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	249	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	249	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	249	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	249	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	249	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	249	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	249	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	249	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	249	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	249	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	249	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	249	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	249	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	249	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	249	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	249	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	249	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	249	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	249	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	249	29	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	249	30	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	249	31	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	249	32	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	249	33	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	249	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	249	35	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	249	36	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	250	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	250	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	250	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	250	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	250	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	250	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	250	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	250	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	250	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	250	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	250	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	250	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	250	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	250	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	250	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	250	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	250	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	250	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	250	19	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	250	20	satisfied	satisfied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	250	21	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	250	22	you	you	PRON
ijosar-1138	250	23	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	250	24	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	250	25	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	250	26	provided	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	250	27	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	250	28	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	250	29	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	250	30	connecting	connect	VERB
ijosar-1138	250	31	you	you	PRON
ijosar-1138	250	32	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	250	33	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	250	34	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	250	35	?	?	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	251	1	n	n	PRON
ijosar-1138	251	2	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	3	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	251	5	%	%	INTJ
ijosar-1138	251	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	251	7	very	very	ADV
ijosar-1138	251	8	satisfied	satisfied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	251	9	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	10	8	8	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	11	12.3	12.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	12	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	13	satisfied	satisfied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	251	14	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	15	11	11	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	16	16.9	16.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	17	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	18	neutral	neutral	ADJ
ijosar-1138	251	19	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	20	24	24	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	21	36.9	36.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	22	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	23	dissatisfied	dissatisfied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	251	24	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	25	13	13	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	26	20	20	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	27	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	28	very	very	ADV
ijosar-1138	251	29	dissatisfied	dissatisfied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	251	30	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	31	9	9	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	32	13.9	13.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	33	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	34	mean	mean	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	35	2.94	2.94	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	36	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	251	37	d.	d.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	251	38	1.20	1.20	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	39	source	source	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	40	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	251	41	primary	primary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	251	42	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	43	collected	collect	VERB
ijosar-1138	251	44	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	251	45	mean	mean	ADJ
ijosar-1138	251	46	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	47	score	score	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	48	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	251	49	2.94	2.94	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	50	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	251	51	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	251	52	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	251	53	5	5	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	54	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	251	55	point	point	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	56	likert	likert	ADJ
ijosar-1138	251	57	scale	scale	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	58	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	251	59	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	60	=	=	SYM
ijosar-1138	251	61	very	very	ADV
ijosar-1138	251	62	dissatisfied	dissatisfied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	251	63	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	251	64	5	5	NUM
ijosar-1138	251	65	=	=	SYM
ijosar-1138	251	66	very	very	ADV
ijosar-1138	251	67	satisfied	satisfied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	251	68	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	251	69	indicates	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	251	70	moderate	moderate	ADJ
ijosar-1138	251	71	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	251	72	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	251	73	leaning	lean	VERB
ijosar-1138	251	74	slightly	slightly	ADV
ijosar-1138	251	75	below	below	ADP
ijosar-1138	251	76	neutral	neutral	ADJ
ijosar-1138	251	77	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	252	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	252	2	most	most	ADV
ijosar-1138	252	3	common	common	ADJ
ijosar-1138	252	4	response	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	252	5	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	252	6	neutral	neutral	ADJ
ijosar-1138	252	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	252	8	36.9	36.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	252	9	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	252	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	252	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	252	12	followed	follow	VERB
ijosar-1138	252	13	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	252	14	dissatisfied	dissatisfied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	252	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	252	16	20.0	20.0	NUM
ijosar-1138	252	17	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	252	18	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	252	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	252	20	satisfied	satisfied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	252	21	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	252	22	16.9	16.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	252	23	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	252	24	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	252	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	253	1	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1138	253	2	12.3	12.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	253	3	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	253	4	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	253	5	very	very	ADV
ijosar-1138	253	6	satisfied	satisfied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	253	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	253	8	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	253	9	13.9	13.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	253	10	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	253	11	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	253	12	very	very	ADV
ijosar-1138	253	13	dissatisfied	dissatisfied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	253	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	254	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	254	2	standard	standard	ADJ
ijosar-1138	254	3	deviation	deviation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	254	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	254	5	1.20	1.20	NUM
ijosar-1138	254	6	reflects	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1138	254	7	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	254	8	varied	varied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	254	9	range	range	NOUN
ijosar-1138	254	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	254	11	experiences	experience	NOUN
ijosar-1138	254	12	among	among	ADP
ijosar-1138	254	13	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	254	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	255	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	255	2	neutral	neutral	ADJ
ijosar-1138	255	3	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	255	4	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	255	5	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	255	6	dissatisfied	dissatisfied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	255	7	sentiment	sentiment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	255	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	255	9	56.9	56.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	255	10	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	255	11	combined	combine	VERB
ijosar-1138	255	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	255	13	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1138	255	14	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	255	15	perceived	perceive	VERB
ijosar-1138	255	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	255	17	shortfall	shortfall	NOUN
ijosar-1138	255	18	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	255	19	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	255	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	255	21	ability	ability	NOUN
ijosar-1138	255	22	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	255	23	connect	connect	VERB
ijosar-1138	255	24	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	255	25	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	255	26	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	255	27	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	255	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	256	1	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	256	2	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	256	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	256	4	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	256	5	organizations	organization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	256	6	gain	gain	VERB
ijosar-1138	256	7	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	256	8	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	256	9	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	256	10	service	service	NOUN
ijosar-1138	256	11	delivery	delivery	NOUN
ijosar-1138	256	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	256	13	stakeholder	stakeholder	NOUN
ijosar-1138	256	14	trust	trust	PROPN
ijosar-1138	256	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	256	16	dimaggio	dimaggio	PROPN
ijosar-1138	256	17	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	256	18	powell	powell	PROPN
ijosar-1138	256	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	256	20	1983	1983	NUM
ijosar-1138	256	21	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	256	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	257	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	257	2	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1138	257	3	proportion	proportion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	257	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	257	5	neutral	neutral	ADJ
ijosar-1138	257	6	responses	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	257	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	257	8	36.9	36.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	257	9	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	257	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	257	11	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1138	257	12	reflect	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1138	257	13	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	257	14	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	257	15	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	257	16	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	257	17	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	257	18	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	257	19	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	257	20	diasporafocused	diasporafocuse	VERB
ijosar-1138	257	21	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	257	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	257	23	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	257	24	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	257	25	dissatisfaction	dissatisfaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	257	26	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	257	27	33.9	33.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	257	28	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	257	29	combined	combine	VERB
ijosar-1138	257	30	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	257	31	points	point	NOUN
ijosar-1138	257	32	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	257	33	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	257	34	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	257	35	communication	communication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	257	36	gaps	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	257	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	258	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	258	2	aligns	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	258	3	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	258	4	ajuwon	ajuwon	PROPN
ijosar-1138	258	5	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	258	6	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	258	7	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	259	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	259	2	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	259	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	259	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	259	5	who	who	PRON
ijosar-1138	259	6	note	note	VERB
ijosar-1138	259	7	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	259	8	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	259	9	inconsistencies	inconsistency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	259	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	259	11	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	259	12	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	259	13	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	259	14	hinder	hinder	PROPN
ijosar-1138	259	15	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	259	16	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	259	17	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	259	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	259	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	260	1	compared	compare	VERB
ijosar-1138	260	2	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	260	3	countries	country	NOUN
ijosar-1138	260	4	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1138	260	5	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ijosar-1138	260	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	260	7	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	260	8	dedicated	dedicated	ADJ
ijosar-1138	260	9	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	260	10	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	260	11	desks	desk	NOUN
ijosar-1138	260	12	enhance	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1138	260	13	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	260	14	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	260	15	gelb	gelb	NOUN
ijosar-1138	260	16	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	260	17	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	260	18	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	260	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	260	20	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	260	21	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	260	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	260	23	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	260	24	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	260	25	moderate	moderate	ADJ
ijosar-1138	260	26	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	260	27	ratings	rating	NOUN
ijosar-1138	260	28	suggest	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	260	29	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	260	30	need	need	NOUN
ijosar-1138	260	31	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	260	32	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	260	33	targeted	targeted	ADJ
ijosar-1138	260	34	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	260	35	accessible	accessible	ADJ
ijosar-1138	260	36	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	260	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	261	1	5.2.4	5.2.4	NUM
ijosar-1138	261	2	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	261	4	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	261	5	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	261	6	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	261	8	supporting	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	261	9	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	261	11	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	12	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
ijosar-1138	261	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	261	14	overall	overall	ADJ
ijosar-1138	261	15	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	261	17	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	261	18	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	261	19	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	261	21	supporting	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	261	22	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	23	businesses	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	261	25	providing	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	261	26	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	261	27	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1138	261	28	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	29	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	261	30	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	261	31	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	32	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	261	33	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	261	34	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	35	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	36	7	7	NUM
ijosar-1138	261	37	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	261	38	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	39	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	261	40	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	261	41	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	261	42	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	43	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	261	44	supporting	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	261	45	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	46	businesses	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	47	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	261	48	would	would	AUX
ijosar-1138	261	49	you	you	PRON
ijosar-1138	261	50	rate	rate	VERB
ijosar-1138	261	51	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	261	52	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	53	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	261	54	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	261	55	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	261	56	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	57	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	261	58	supporting	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	261	59	your	your	PRON
ijosar-1138	261	60	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	261	61	?	?	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	262	1	n	n	PRON
ijosar-1138	262	2	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	262	3	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	262	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	262	5	%	%	INTJ
ijosar-1138	262	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	262	7	very	very	ADV
ijosar-1138	262	8	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	262	9	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	262	10	22	22	NUM
ijosar-1138	262	11	33.9	33.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	262	12	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	262	13	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	262	14	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	262	15	14	14	NUM
ijosar-1138	262	16	21.5	21.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	262	17	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	262	18	neutral	neutral	ADJ
ijosar-1138	262	19	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	262	20	17	17	NUM
ijosar-1138	262	21	26.2	26.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	262	22	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	262	23	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	262	24	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	262	25	11	11	NUM
ijosar-1138	262	26	16.9	16.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	262	27	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	262	28	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	262	29	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	262	30	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	262	31	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	263	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	263	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	263	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	264	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	264	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	264	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	265	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	265	2	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	265	3	130	130	NUM
ijosar-1138	265	4	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	265	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	265	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	265	7	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	265	8	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	265	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	265	10	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	265	11	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	265	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	265	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	265	14	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	265	15	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	265	16	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	265	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	265	18	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	265	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	265	20	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	265	21	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	265	22	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	265	23	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	265	24	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	265	25	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	265	26	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	266	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	266	2	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	266	3	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	266	4	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	266	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	266	6	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	266	7	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	267	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	267	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	267	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	267	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	267	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	267	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	267	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	267	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	267	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	267	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	267	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	267	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	267	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	267	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	267	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	267	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	267	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	267	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	267	19	very	very	ADV
ijosar-1138	267	20	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	267	21	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	267	22	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	267	23	1.5	1.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	267	24	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	267	25	mean	mean	NOUN
ijosar-1138	267	26	3.69	3.69	NUM
ijosar-1138	267	27	standard	standard	ADJ
ijosar-1138	267	28	deviation	deviation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	267	29	1.16	1.16	NUM
ijosar-1138	267	30	source	source	NOUN
ijosar-1138	267	31	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	267	32	primary	primary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	267	33	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	267	34	collected	collect	VERB
ijosar-1138	267	35	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	267	36	mean	mean	ADJ
ijosar-1138	267	37	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	267	38	score	score	NOUN
ijosar-1138	267	39	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	267	40	3.69	3.69	NUM
ijosar-1138	267	41	indicates	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	267	42	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	267	43	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	267	44	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	267	45	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	267	46	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	267	47	perceived	perceive	VERB
ijosar-1138	267	48	as	as	ADV
ijosar-1138	267	49	slightly	slightly	ADV
ijosar-1138	267	50	more	more	ADJ
ijosar-1138	267	51	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1138	267	52	neutral	neutral	ADJ
ijosar-1138	267	53	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	267	54	leaning	lean	VERB
ijosar-1138	267	55	toward	toward	ADP
ijosar-1138	267	56	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	267	57	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	268	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	268	2	largest	large	ADJ
ijosar-1138	268	3	group	group	NOUN
ijosar-1138	268	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	268	5	33.9	33.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	268	6	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	268	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	268	8	rated	rate	VERB
ijosar-1138	268	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	268	10	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	268	11	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	268	12	very	very	ADV
ijosar-1138	268	13	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	268	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	268	15	followed	follow	VERB
ijosar-1138	268	16	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	268	17	26.2	26.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	268	18	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	268	19	neutral	neutral	ADJ
ijosar-1138	268	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	268	21	21.5	21.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	268	22	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	268	23	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	268	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	269	1	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1138	269	2	16.9	16.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	269	3	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	269	4	found	find	VERB
ijosar-1138	269	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	269	6	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	269	7	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	269	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	269	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	269	10	1.5	1.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	269	11	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	269	12	rated	rate	VERB
ijosar-1138	269	13	them	they	PRON
ijosar-1138	269	14	very	very	ADV
ijosar-1138	269	15	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	269	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	270	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	270	2	standard	standard	ADJ
ijosar-1138	270	3	deviation	deviation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	270	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	270	5	1.16	1.16	NUM
ijosar-1138	270	6	suggests	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	270	7	moderate	moderate	ADJ
ijosar-1138	270	8	variation	variation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	270	9	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	270	10	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ijosar-1138	270	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	271	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	271	2	relatively	relatively	ADV
ijosar-1138	271	3	positive	positive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	271	4	mean	mean	NOUN
ijosar-1138	271	5	score	score	NOUN
ijosar-1138	271	6	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	271	7	3.69	3.69	NUM
ijosar-1138	271	8	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	271	9	reflects	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1138	271	10	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	271	11	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	271	12	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	271	13	strengths	strength	NOUN
ijosar-1138	271	14	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	271	15	general	general	ADJ
ijosar-1138	271	16	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	271	17	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	271	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	271	19	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1138	271	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	271	21	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	271	22	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	271	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	271	24	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	271	25	promotion	promotion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	271	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	271	27	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	271	28	seen	see	VERB
ijosar-1138	271	29	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	271	30	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	271	31	7	7	NUM
ijosar-1138	271	32	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	272	1	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	272	2	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	272	3	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	272	4	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	272	5	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	272	6	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	272	7	shape	shape	VERB
ijosar-1138	272	8	organizational	organizational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	272	9	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1138	272	10	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	272	11	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ijosar-1138	272	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	272	13	accessible	accessible	ADJ
ijosar-1138	272	14	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	272	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	272	16	scott	scott	PROPN
ijosar-1138	272	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	272	18	2014	2014	NUM
ijosar-1138	272	19	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	272	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	273	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	273	2	55.4	55.4	NUM
ijosar-1138	273	3	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	273	4	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	273	5	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	273	6	rating	rate	VERB
ijosar-1138	273	7	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	273	8	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	273	9	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	273	10	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	273	11	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	273	12	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	273	13	very	very	ADV
ijosar-1138	273	14	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	273	15	suggests	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	273	16	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	273	17	degree	degree	NOUN
ijosar-1138	273	18	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	273	19	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	273	20	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	273	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	273	22	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1138	273	23	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	273	24	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	273	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	274	1	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1138	274	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	274	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	274	4	26.2	26.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	274	5	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	274	6	neutral	neutral	ADJ
ijosar-1138	274	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	274	8	18.4	18.4	NUM
ijosar-1138	274	9	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	274	10	negative	negative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	274	11	responses	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	274	12	indicate	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	274	13	inconsistencies	inconsistency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	274	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	274	15	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1138	274	16	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	274	17	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	274	18	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	274	19	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1138	274	20	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ijosar-1138	274	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	274	22	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	274	23	evidenced	evidence	VERB
ijosar-1138	274	24	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	274	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	274	26	low	low	ADJ
ijosar-1138	274	27	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	274	28	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	274	29	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	274	30	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	274	31	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	274	32	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	274	33	7	7	NUM
ijosar-1138	274	34	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	274	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	275	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	275	2	supports	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	275	3	gumel	gumel	PROPN
ijosar-1138	275	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	275	5	bardai	bardai	PROPN
ijosar-1138	275	6	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	275	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	275	8	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	275	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	275	10	observation	observation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	275	11	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	275	12	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	275	13	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
ijosar-1138	275	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	275	15	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	275	16	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	275	17	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	275	18	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	275	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	275	20	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	275	21	hurdles	hurdle	NOUN
ijosar-1138	275	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	275	23	constrain	constrain	VERB
ijosar-1138	275	24	program	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	275	25	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	275	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	276	1	5.3	5.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	276	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	276	3	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	276	4	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	276	5	section	section	NOUN
ijosar-1138	276	6	presents	present	VERB
ijosar-1138	276	7	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	276	8	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	276	9	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	276	10	derived	derive	VERB
ijosar-1138	276	11	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	276	12	thematic	thematic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	276	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ijosar-1138	276	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	276	15	interviews	interview	NOUN
ijosar-1138	276	16	conducted	conduct	VERB
ijosar-1138	276	17	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	276	18	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	276	19	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	276	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	276	21	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	276	22	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	276	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	276	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	276	25	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	276	26	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	276	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	277	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	277	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ijosar-1138	277	3	addresses	address	VERB
ijosar-1138	277	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	277	5	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	277	6	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	277	7	primary	primary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	277	8	objective	objective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	277	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	277	10	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	277	11	examine	examine	VERB
ijosar-1138	277	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	277	13	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	277	14	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	277	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	277	16	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	277	17	implemented	implement	VERB
ijosar-1138	277	18	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	277	19	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	277	20	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	277	21	attract	attract	VERB
ijosar-1138	277	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	277	23	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	277	24	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	277	25	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	277	26	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	277	27	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	277	28	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	277	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	277	30	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	277	31	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	277	32	focus	focus	NOUN
ijosar-1138	277	33	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	277	34	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1138	277	35	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	277	36	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	277	37	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	277	38	regional	regional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	277	39	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	277	40	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1138	277	41	west	west	PROPN
ijosar-1138	277	42	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	277	43	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	278	1	four	four	NUM
ijosar-1138	278	2	key	key	ADJ
ijosar-1138	278	3	themes	theme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	278	4	emerged	emerge	VERB
ijosar-1138	278	5	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	278	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	278	7	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	278	8	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	278	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	278	10	1	1	X
ijosar-1138	278	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	278	12	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	278	13	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	278	14	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	278	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	278	16	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	278	17	2	2	X
ijosar-1138	278	18	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	278	19	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	278	20	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	278	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	278	22	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	278	23	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	278	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	278	25	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	278	26	3	3	X
ijosar-1138	278	27	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	278	28	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	278	29	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	278	30	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	278	31	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	278	32	intermediary	intermediary	NOUN
ijosar-1138	278	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	278	34	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	278	35	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	278	36	4	4	X
ijosar-1138	278	37	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	278	38	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ijosar-1138	278	39	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	278	40	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	278	41	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	278	42	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	279	1	each	each	DET
ijosar-1138	279	2	theme	theme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	279	3	integrates	integrate	VERB
ijosar-1138	279	4	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	279	5	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	279	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	279	7	three	three	NUM
ijosar-1138	279	8	respondent	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	279	9	groups	group	NOUN
ijosar-1138	279	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	279	11	supported	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	279	12	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	279	13	direct	direct	ADJ
ijosar-1138	279	14	quotations	quotation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	279	15	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	279	16	provide	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	279	17	authenticity	authenticity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	279	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	279	19	context	context	NOUN
ijosar-1138	279	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	280	1	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	280	2	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	280	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	280	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	281	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	281	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	281	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	282	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	282	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	282	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	282	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	282	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	282	6	131	131	NUM
ijosar-1138	282	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	282	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	282	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	282	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	282	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	282	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	282	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	282	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	282	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	282	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	282	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	282	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	282	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	282	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	282	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	282	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	282	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	282	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	282	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	282	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	282	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	282	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	282	29	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	282	30	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	282	31	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	282	32	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	282	33	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	282	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	282	35	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	282	36	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	283	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	283	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	283	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	283	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	283	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	283	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	283	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	283	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	283	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	283	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	283	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	283	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	283	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	283	19	5.3.1	5.3.1	NUM
ijosar-1138	283	20	theme	theme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	21	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	283	22	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	283	23	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	283	24	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	25	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	26	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	283	27	theme	theme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	28	explores	explore	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	29	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	283	30	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	283	31	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	283	32	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	283	33	informal	informal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	283	34	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	35	designed	design	VERB
ijosar-1138	283	36	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	283	37	connect	connect	VERB
ijosar-1138	283	38	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	39	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	40	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	283	41	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	283	42	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	43	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	283	44	highlighting	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	283	45	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	283	46	scope	scope	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	47	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	283	48	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	49	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	283	50	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	283	51	perceived	perceive	VERB
ijosar-1138	283	52	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	283	53	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	284	1	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	284	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	284	3	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	284	4	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	284	5	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	284	6	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	284	7	described	describe	VERB
ijosar-1138	284	8	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	284	9	range	range	NOUN
ijosar-1138	284	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	284	11	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	284	12	aimed	aim	VERB
ijosar-1138	284	13	at	at	ADP
ijosar-1138	284	14	fostering	foster	VERB
ijosar-1138	284	15	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	284	16	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	284	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	284	18	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	284	19	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	284	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	285	1	one	one	NUM
ijosar-1138	285	2	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	285	3	official	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	285	4	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	285	5	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
ijosar-1138	285	6	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	285	7	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	285	8	bodies	body	NOUN
ijosar-1138	285	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	285	10	stating	state	VERB
ijosar-1138	285	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	286	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	286	2	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	286	3	partners	partner	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	4	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	286	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	286	6	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	286	7	organization	organization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	8	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	286	9	migration	migration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	10	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	286	11	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	286	12	skills	skill	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	13	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	286	15	empowerment	empowerment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	286	17	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	286	18	returnees	returnee	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	19	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	286	20	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1138	286	21	countries	country	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	22	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	286	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	286	24	sd1	sd1	PROPN
ijosar-1138	286	25	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	286	26	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	286	27	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	28	targets	target	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	29	returned	return	VERB
ijosar-1138	286	30	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	286	32	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	286	33	subset	subset	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	34	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	286	35	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	286	36	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	286	37	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	286	38	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	286	39	channel	channel	VERB
ijosar-1138	286	40	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	286	41	skills	skill	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	42	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	286	43	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	44	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	286	45	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	286	46	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	287	1	another	another	DET
ijosar-1138	287	2	official	official	ADJ
ijosar-1138	287	3	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	287	4	sector	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	5	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	287	6	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1138	287	7	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	287	9	notingthis	notingthis	INTJ
ijosar-1138	287	10	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	287	11	key	key	ADJ
ijosar-1138	287	12	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	13	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	287	14	attract	attract	VERB
ijosar-1138	287	15	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	16	interest	interest	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	17	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	287	18	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1138	287	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	287	20	potential	potential	ADJ
ijosar-1138	287	21	sectors	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	22	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	287	23	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	287	24	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	287	25	garment	garment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	287	27	textile	textile	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	28	cluster	cluster	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	29	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	30	scheme	scheme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	31	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	287	32	agro	agro	ADJ
ijosar-1138	287	33	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	287	34	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	35	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	36	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	37	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	287	38	been	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	287	39	yielding	yield	VERB
ijosar-1138	287	40	great	great	ADJ
ijosar-1138	287	41	results”(sd2	results”(sd2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	287	42	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	287	43	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	287	44	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	45	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	287	46	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	287	47	cited	cite	VERB
ijosar-1138	287	48	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	287	49	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	287	50	some	some	DET
ijosar-1138	287	51	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	287	52	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	53	referencing“diaspora	referencing“diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	287	54	bonds	bond	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	55	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	287	56	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	287	57	₦	₦	PROPN
ijosar-1138	287	58	100	100	NUM
ijosar-1138	287	59	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1138	287	60	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	61	fund	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	62	under	under	ADP
ijosar-1138	287	63	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	287	64	‘	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	287	65	grow	grow	VERB
ijosar-1138	287	66	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	287	67	strategic	strategic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	287	68	plan	plan	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	69	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	287	70	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	287	71	sd2	sd2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	287	72	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	287	73	sd5)as	sd5)as	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	74	tools	tool	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	75	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	287	76	mobilize	mobilize	VERB
ijosar-1138	287	77	much	much	ADV
ijosar-1138	287	78	needed	need	VERB
ijosar-1138	287	79	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	287	80	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	288	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	288	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	288	4	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	288	5	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	6	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	288	7	regional	regional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	288	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	288	9	global	global	ADJ
ijosar-1138	288	10	exhibitions(sd3	exhibitions(sd3	PROPN
ijosar-1138	288	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	288	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	288	13	linkage	linkage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	14	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	288	15	global	global	ADJ
ijosar-1138	288	16	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	17	network(sd4	network(sd4	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	18	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	288	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	288	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	288	21	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	22	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	288	23	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	24	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1138	288	25	agda	agda	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	26	conference	conference	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	27	show	show	VERB
ijosar-1138	288	28	active	active	ADJ
ijosar-1138	288	29	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	30	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	288	31	create	create	VERB
ijosar-1138	288	32	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	33	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	288	34	forge	forge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	35	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	36	connections	connection	NOUN
ijosar-1138	288	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	289	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	289	2	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	289	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	289	4	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	289	5	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	289	6	approach	approach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	289	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	289	8	align	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	289	9	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	289	10	global	global	ADJ
ijosar-1138	289	11	best	good	ADJ
ijosar-1138	289	12	practices	practice	NOUN
ijosar-1138	289	13	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	289	14	kumar	kumar	PROPN
ijosar-1138	289	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	289	16	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	289	17	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	289	18	douw	douw	PROPN
ijosar-1138	289	19	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	289	20	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	289	21	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	289	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	289	23	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	289	24	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	289	25	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	289	26	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	289	27	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	289	28	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	289	29	most	most	ADV
ijosar-1138	289	30	successful	successful	ADJ
ijosar-1138	289	31	when	when	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	289	32	institutionalized	institutionalize	VERB
ijosar-1138	289	33	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	289	34	dedicated	dedicated	ADJ
ijosar-1138	289	35	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	289	36	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	289	37	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	289	38	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	289	39	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	290	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	290	2	terms	term	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	290	4	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	290	6	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	290	8	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	290	9	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	10	pointed	point	VERB
ijosar-1138	290	11	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	290	12	both	both	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	290	13	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	290	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	290	15	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	290	16	metrics	metric	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	290	18	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	290	19	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	290	20	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	21	numbers	number	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	290	23	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	24	leads	lead	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	290	26	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	27	flows	flow	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	290	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	290	30	post	post	ADJ
ijosar-1138	290	31	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	290	32	event	event	ADJ
ijosar-1138	290	33	feedback	feedback	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	290	35	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	290	36	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
ijosar-1138	290	37	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	38	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	290	39	focused	focus	VERB
ijosar-1138	290	40	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	290	41	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	291	1	sd2	sd2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	291	2	noted	note	VERB
ijosar-1138	291	3	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	291	4	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	291	5	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	291	6	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	292	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	292	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	292	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	293	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	293	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	293	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	293	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	293	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	293	6	132	132	NUM
ijosar-1138	293	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	293	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	293	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	293	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	293	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	293	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	293	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	293	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	293	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	293	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	293	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	293	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	293	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	293	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	293	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	293	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	293	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	293	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	294	1	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	294	2	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	294	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	294	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	295	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	295	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	295	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	295	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	295	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	295	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	295	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	295	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	296	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	296	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	296	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	296	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	296	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	296	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	296	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	296	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	296	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	296	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	19	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	20	we	we	PRON
ijosar-1138	296	21	asses	asse	VERB
ijosar-1138	296	22	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	296	23	looking	look	VERB
ijosar-1138	296	24	at	at	ADP
ijosar-1138	296	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	296	26	number	number	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	27	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	296	28	participants	participant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	30	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	31	leads	lead	VERB
ijosar-1138	296	32	generated	generate	VERB
ijosar-1138	296	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	34	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	35	flows	flow	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	36	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	37	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	38	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	39	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	40	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	296	41	regular	regular	ADJ
ijosar-1138	296	42	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	43	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	296	44	reporting	reporting	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	45	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	46	sd5	sd5	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	47	added	add	VERB
ijosar-1138	296	48	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	49	we	we	PRON
ijosar-1138	296	50	use	use	VERB
ijosar-1138	296	51	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	296	52	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	53	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	296	54	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	296	55	attendance	attendance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	56	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	57	lead	lead	VERB
ijosar-1138	296	58	generation	generation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	59	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	296	60	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	296	61	feedback	feedback	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	62	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	296	63	post	post	ADJ
ijosar-1138	296	64	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	296	65	survey	survey	ADJ
ijosar-1138	296	66	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	67	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	296	68	interviews	interview	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	69	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	70	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	71	tools	tool	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	72	include	include	VERB
ijosar-1138	296	73	follow	follow	VERB
ijosar-1138	296	74	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	75	up	up	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	76	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	296	77	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	78	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	79	surveys	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	80	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	296	81	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	296	82	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	296	83	maturity	maturity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	84	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	296	85	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	86	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	87	formed	form	VERB
ijosar-1138	296	88	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	296	89	fairs	fair	NOUN
ijosar-1138	296	90	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	297	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	297	2	echoes	echo	VERB
ijosar-1138	297	3	açıkalın	açıkalın	NOUN
ijosar-1138	297	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	297	5	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	297	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	297	7	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	297	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	297	9	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	297	10	stressed	stress	VERB
ijosar-1138	297	11	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	297	12	importance	importance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	297	13	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	297	14	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	297	15	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1138	297	16	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	297	17	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ijosar-1138	297	18	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	297	19	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	297	20	sustaining	sustain	VERB
ijosar-1138	297	21	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	297	22	interest	interest	NOUN
ijosar-1138	297	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	298	1	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	298	3	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	4	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	298	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	298	6	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	7	’	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	298	8	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	298	10	several	several	ADJ
ijosar-1138	298	11	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	12	reported	report	VERB
ijosar-1138	298	13	positive	positive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	298	14	experiences	experience	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	15	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	298	16	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	298	17	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	298	18	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	298	20	highlighting	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	298	21	trainings	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	298	23	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	24	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	298	25	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	26	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	27	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	298	29	ecommerce	ecommerce	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	30	linkage	linkage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	31	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	298	32	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	298	33	loan	loan	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	34	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	298	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	299	1	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	299	2	example	example	NOUN
ijosar-1138	299	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	299	4	sme2	sme2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	299	5	shared	share	VERB
ijosar-1138	299	6	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	299	7	i	i	PRON
ijosar-1138	299	8	participated	participate	VERB
ijosar-1138	299	9	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	299	10	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	299	11	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	299	12	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	299	13	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	299	14	trainings	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	299	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	299	16	capacitybuilding	capacitybuilde	VERB
ijosar-1138	299	17	programmes	programme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	299	18	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	299	19	myself	myself	PRON
ijosar-1138	299	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	299	21	my	my	PRON
ijosar-1138	299	22	association	association	NOUN
ijosar-1138	299	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	299	24	awep	awep	PROPN
ijosar-1138	299	25	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	299	26	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	300	1	sme4	sme4	PROPN
ijosar-1138	300	2	added	add	VERB
ijosar-1138	300	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	300	4	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	300	5	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	300	6	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	300	7	nirsal	nirsal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	300	8	loan	loan	NOUN
ijosar-1138	300	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	300	10	four	four	NUM
ijosar-1138	300	11	million	million	NUM
ijosar-1138	300	12	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	300	13	me	i	PRON
ijosar-1138	300	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	300	15	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	300	16	i	i	PRON
ijosar-1138	300	17	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	300	18	repaid	repay	VERB
ijosar-1138	300	19	fully	fully	ADV
ijosar-1138	300	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	301	1	i	i	PRON
ijosar-1138	301	2	’ve	’ve	AUX
ijosar-1138	301	3	been	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	301	4	invited	invite	VERB
ijosar-1138	301	5	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	301	6	trade	trade	VERB
ijosar-1138	301	7	fairs	fair	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	301	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	301	10	currently	currently	ADV
ijosar-1138	301	11	they	they	PRON
ijosar-1138	301	12	’re	’re	AUX
ijosar-1138	301	13	trying	try	VERB
ijosar-1138	301	14	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	301	15	put	put	VERB
ijosar-1138	301	16	my	my	PRON
ijosar-1138	301	17	products	product	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	18	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	301	19	an	an	DET
ijosar-1138	301	20	e	e	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	21	-	-	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	22	commerce	commerce	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	23	platform	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	24	called	call	VERB
ijosar-1138	301	25	‘	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	301	26	sell	sell	VERB
ijosar-1138	301	27	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1138	301	28	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	301	29	me	i	PRON
ijosar-1138	301	30	’	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	301	31	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	301	32	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	301	33	select	select	PROPN
ijosar-1138	301	34	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	301	35	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	301	36	accounts	account	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	37	highlight	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	301	38	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	301	39	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	301	40	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	41	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	301	42	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1138	301	43	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	301	44	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	301	45	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	301	46	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	301	47	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	48	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	301	49	confirms	confirm	VERB
ijosar-1138	301	50	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	51	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	52	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	301	53	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	301	54	gumel	gumel	PROPN
ijosar-1138	301	55	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	301	56	bardai	bardai	PROPN
ijosar-1138	301	57	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	301	58	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	301	59	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	301	60	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	301	61	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	301	62	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	301	63	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	301	64	significance	significance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	65	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	301	66	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	301	67	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	68	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	301	69	increasing	increase	VERB
ijosar-1138	301	70	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	71	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	72	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	301	73	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	74	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	301	75	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	301	76	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	302	1	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	302	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	302	3	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	302	4	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	302	5	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	302	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	302	7	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1138	302	8	hand	hand	NOUN
ijosar-1138	302	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	302	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	302	11	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	302	12	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	302	13	’	'	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	302	14	responses	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	302	15	presented	present	VERB
ijosar-1138	302	16	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	302	17	mixed	mixed	ADJ
ijosar-1138	302	18	view	view	NOUN
ijosar-1138	302	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	302	20	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	302	21	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	302	22	direct	direct	ADJ
ijosar-1138	302	23	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	302	24	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	302	25	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	302	26	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	302	27	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	302	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	302	29	reflect	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1138	302	30	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	302	31	disconnection	disconnection	NOUN
ijosar-1138	302	32	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1138	302	33	program	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	302	34	intent	intent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	302	35	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	302	36	actual	actual	ADJ
ijosar-1138	302	37	reach	reach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	302	38	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	303	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	303	2	dpi1noted	dpi1note	VERB
ijosar-1138	303	3	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	303	4	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	303	5	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	303	6	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	303	7	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	303	8	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	304	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	304	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	304	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	305	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	305	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	305	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	306	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	306	2	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	306	3	133	133	NUM
ijosar-1138	306	4	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	306	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	306	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	306	7	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	306	8	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	306	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	306	10	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	306	11	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	306	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	306	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	306	14	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	306	15	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	306	16	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	306	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	306	18	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	306	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	306	20	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	306	21	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	306	22	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	306	23	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	306	24	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	306	25	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	307	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	308	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	308	2	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	308	3	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	308	4	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	308	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	308	6	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	308	7	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	309	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	309	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	309	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	309	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	309	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	309	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	309	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	309	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	309	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	309	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	309	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	309	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	309	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	309	19	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	309	20	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	309	21	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	309	22	not	not	PART
ijosar-1138	309	23	directly	directly	ADV
ijosar-1138	309	24	involved	involve	VERB
ijosar-1138	309	25	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	309	26	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	309	27	my	my	PRON
ijosar-1138	309	28	initial	initial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	309	29	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	309	31	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	309	32	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1138	309	33	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	34	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	309	35	advocacy	advocacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	36	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	37	helped	helped	AUX
ijosar-1138	309	38	shape	shape	VERB
ijosar-1138	309	39	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	309	40	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	309	41	favourable	favourable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	309	42	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	43	climate	climate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	44	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	309	45	others	other	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	46	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	309	47	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	309	48	dpi2	dpi2	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	49	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	309	50	dpi3indicated	dpi3indicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	309	51	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	309	52	there	there	PRON
ijosar-1138	309	53	was	be	VERB
ijosar-1138	309	54	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	309	55	no	no	DET
ijosar-1138	309	56	direct	direct	ADJ
ijosar-1138	309	57	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	58	withsmedan”dpi4	withsmedan”dpi4	PRON
ijosar-1138	309	59	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	309	60	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1138	309	61	an	an	DET
ijosar-1138	309	62	exception	exception	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	63	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	309	64	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	309	65	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	309	66	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	309	67	only	only	ADJ
ijosar-1138	309	68	one	one	NUM
ijosar-1138	309	69	who	who	PRON
ijosar-1138	309	70	mentioned	mention	VERB
ijosar-1138	309	71	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	309	72	direct	direct	ADJ
ijosar-1138	309	73	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	74	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	309	75	saying	say	VERB
ijosar-1138	309	76	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	309	77	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	309	78	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	309	79	sensitized	sensitize	VERB
ijosar-1138	309	80	me	i	PRON
ijosar-1138	309	81	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	309	82	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	309	83	underlines	underline	VERB
ijosar-1138	309	84	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	309	85	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	309	86	gap	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	87	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1138	309	88	program	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	89	design	design	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	90	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	309	91	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	92	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	93	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	309	94	accessibility	accessibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	309	95	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	310	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	310	2	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	310	3	highlight	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	310	4	robust	robust	ADJ
ijosar-1138	310	5	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	310	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	310	7	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	310	8	benefit	benefit	VERB
ijosar-1138	310	9	primarily	primarily	ADV
ijosar-1138	310	10	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	310	11	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	310	12	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	310	13	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	310	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	310	15	loan	loan	NOUN
ijosar-1138	310	16	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	310	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	310	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	310	19	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	310	20	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	310	21	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1138	310	22	bypass	bypass	VERB
ijosar-1138	310	23	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	310	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	310	25	relying	rely	VERB
ijosar-1138	310	26	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	310	27	informal	informal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	310	28	networks	network	NOUN
ijosar-1138	310	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	311	1	5.3.2	5.3.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	311	2	theme	theme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	3	2	2	NUM
ijosar-1138	311	4	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	311	5	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	311	6	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	311	8	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	9	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	10	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	311	11	theme	theme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	12	examines	examine	VERB
ijosar-1138	311	13	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	311	14	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	311	15	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	16	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	311	18	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	311	19	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	20	structures	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	21	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	311	22	fostering	foster	VERB
ijosar-1138	311	23	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	311	24	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	311	26	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	27	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	28	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	29	as	as	ADV
ijosar-1138	311	30	well	well	ADV
ijosar-1138	311	31	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	311	32	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
ijosar-1138	311	33	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	311	34	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	311	35	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	36	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	311	37	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	311	38	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	311	39	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	312	1	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	312	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	312	3	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	312	4	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	312	5	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	312	6	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	312	7	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	312	8	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	312	9	various	various	ADJ
ijosar-1138	312	10	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	312	11	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	312	12	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	312	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	312	14	including	include	VERB
ijosar-1138	312	15	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	312	16	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	312	17	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	312	18	enabling	enable	VERB
ijosar-1138	312	19	structures	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	312	20	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1138	312	21	national	national	PROPN
ijosar-1138	312	22	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	312	23	commission	commission	PROPN
ijosar-1138	312	24	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	312	25	nidcom	nidcom	PROPN
ijosar-1138	312	26	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	312	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	312	28	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	312	29	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	312	30	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	312	31	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	312	32	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	312	33	both	both	PRON
ijosar-1138	312	34	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	312	35	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	312	36	aims	aim	VERB
ijosar-1138	312	37	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	312	38	formalize	formalize	VERB
ijosar-1138	312	39	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	312	40	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	312	41	channels	channel	NOUN
ijosar-1138	312	42	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	313	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	313	2	particular	particular	ADJ
ijosar-1138	313	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	313	4	sd1	sd1	PROPN
ijosar-1138	313	5	noted	note	VERB
ijosar-1138	313	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	313	7	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	313	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	313	9	creation	creation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	313	11	nidcom	nidcom	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	313	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	313	14	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	313	15	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	16	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	313	17	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	18	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	313	19	helped	help	VERB
ijosar-1138	313	20	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	313	21	provide	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	313	22	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	313	23	formal	formal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	313	24	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	25	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	313	26	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	313	27	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	313	28	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	313	29	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	30	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	313	31	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	313	32	addition	addition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	313	34	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	313	35	range	range	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	36	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	313	37	incentives	incentive	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	38	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	313	39	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	313	40	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	313	41	bonds	bond	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	42	issuance	issuance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	43	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	313	44	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	313	45	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	46	funds	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	47	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	313	48	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	313	49	tax	tax	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	50	breaks	break	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	51	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	313	52	cited	cite	VERB
ijosar-1138	313	53	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	313	54	sd2	sd2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	313	55	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	313	56	sd4	sd4	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	57	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	313	58	tools	tool	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	59	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	313	60	making	make	VERB
ijosar-1138	313	61	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	313	62	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	63	climate	climate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	313	64	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	313	65	attractive	attractive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	313	66	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	314	1	sd2	sd2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	314	2	explained	explain	VERB
ijosar-1138	314	3	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	314	4	we	we	PRON
ijosar-1138	314	5	implemented	implement	VERB
ijosar-1138	314	6	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	314	7	incentives	incentive	NOUN
ijosar-1138	314	8	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1138	314	9	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	314	10	bonds	bond	NOUN
ijosar-1138	314	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	314	12	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	314	13	diversification	diversification	NOUN
ijosar-1138	314	14	policies	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	314	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	314	16	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	314	17	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	314	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	314	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	314	20	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	314	21	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	314	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	314	23	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	315	1	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	315	2	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	315	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	315	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	316	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	316	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	316	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	317	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	317	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	317	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	317	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	317	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	317	6	134	134	NUM
ijosar-1138	317	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	317	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	317	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	317	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	317	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	317	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	317	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	317	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	317	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	317	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	317	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	317	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	317	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	317	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	317	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	317	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	317	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	317	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	317	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	317	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	317	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	317	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	317	29	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	317	30	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	317	31	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	317	32	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	317	33	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	317	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	317	35	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	317	36	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	318	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	318	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	318	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	318	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	318	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	318	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	318	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	318	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	318	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	318	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	318	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	318	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	318	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	318	19	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	318	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	318	21	sd5	sd5	PRON
ijosar-1138	318	22	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	318	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	318	24	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	318	25	policies	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	26	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1138	318	27	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	318	28	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	29	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	318	30	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	318	31	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	318	32	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	33	fund	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	318	35	streamlined	streamline	VERB
ijosar-1138	318	36	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	318	37	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	38	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	318	39	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	318	40	simplified	simplified	ADJ
ijosar-1138	318	41	registration	registration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	42	process	process	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	43	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	318	44	created	create	VERB
ijosar-1138	318	45	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	318	46	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	318	47	transparent	transparent	ADJ
ijosar-1138	318	48	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	49	environment	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	318	50	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	318	51	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	319	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	319	2	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	319	3	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	319	4	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	319	5	line	line	NOUN
ijosar-1138	319	6	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	319	7	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	319	8	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	319	9	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	319	10	williams	williams	PROPN
ijosar-1138	319	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	319	12	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	319	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	319	14	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	319	15	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	319	16	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	319	17	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	319	18	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	319	19	flourishes	flourish	VERB
ijosar-1138	319	20	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	319	21	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	319	22	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1138	319	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	319	24	predictable	predictable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	319	25	regulations	regulation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	319	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	319	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	319	28	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	319	29	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	319	30	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1138	319	31	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	319	32	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ijosar-1138	319	33	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	319	34	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	319	35	place	place	NOUN
ijosar-1138	319	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	320	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	320	2	integration	integration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	320	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	320	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	320	5	afcfta	afcfta	PROPN
ijosar-1138	320	6	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	320	7	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	320	8	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	320	9	planning	planning	NOUN
ijosar-1138	320	10	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	320	11	emerged	emerge	VERB
ijosar-1138	320	12	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	320	13	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	320	14	recurring	recur	VERB
ijosar-1138	320	15	point	point	NOUN
ijosar-1138	320	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	320	17	especially	especially	ADV
ijosar-1138	320	18	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	320	19	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	320	20	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1138	320	21	provides	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	320	22	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	320	23	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	320	24	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	320	25	regional	regional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	320	26	markets	market	NOUN
ijosar-1138	320	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	321	1	sd4	sd4	NOUN
ijosar-1138	321	2	stated	state	VERB
ijosar-1138	321	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	321	4	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	321	5	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	321	6	incentives	incentive	NOUN
ijosar-1138	321	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	321	8	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	321	9	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	321	10	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	321	11	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	321	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	321	13	afcfta	afcfta	NOUN
ijosar-1138	321	14	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	321	15	helped	help	VERB
ijosar-1138	321	16	ease	ease	VERB
ijosar-1138	321	17	cross	cross	ADJ
ijosar-1138	321	18	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	321	19	border	border	ADJ
ijosar-1138	321	20	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	321	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	321	22	attracted	attract	VERB
ijosar-1138	321	23	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	321	24	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	321	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	321	26	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	322	1	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	322	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	322	3	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	322	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	322	5	responses	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	322	6	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	322	7	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	322	8	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	322	9	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	322	10	both	both	DET
ijosar-1138	322	11	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	322	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	322	13	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1138	322	14	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ijosar-1138	322	15	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1138	322	16	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	322	17	current	current	ADJ
ijosar-1138	322	18	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	322	19	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	322	20	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	322	21	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	322	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	323	1	participants	participant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	323	2	repeatedly	repeatedly	ADV
ijosar-1138	323	3	identify	identify	VERB
ijosar-1138	323	4	issues	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	323	5	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	323	6	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	323	7	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1138	323	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	323	9	functional	functional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	323	10	production	production	NOUN
ijosar-1138	323	11	facilities	facility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	323	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	323	13	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	323	14	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
ijosar-1138	323	15	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	323	16	certification	certification	NOUN
ijosar-1138	323	17	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	323	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	323	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	323	20	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	323	21	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	323	22	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	323	23	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	323	24	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	323	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	324	1	sme1	sme1	PROPN
ijosar-1138	324	2	shared	share	VERB
ijosar-1138	324	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	324	4	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	324	5	most	most	ADJ
ijosar-1138	324	6	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	324	7	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	324	8	yet	yet	ADV
ijosar-1138	324	9	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	324	10	have	have	VERB
ijosar-1138	324	11	functional	functional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	324	12	facilities	facility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	324	13	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	324	14	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	324	15	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	324	16	contract	contract	NOUN
ijosar-1138	324	17	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	324	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	324	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	324	20	when	when	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	324	21	they	they	PRON
ijosar-1138	324	22	try	try	VERB
ijosar-1138	324	23	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	324	24	scale	scale	VERB
ijosar-1138	324	25	up	up	ADP
ijosar-1138	324	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	324	27	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
ijosar-1138	324	28	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	324	29	certificate	certificate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	324	30	bodies	body	NOUN
ijosar-1138	324	31	cause	cause	VERB
ijosar-1138	324	32	setbacks	setback	NOUN
ijosar-1138	324	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	325	1	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	325	2	should	should	AUX
ijosar-1138	325	3	intensify	intensify	VERB
ijosar-1138	325	4	handholding	handholding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	325	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	325	6	trained	train	VERB
ijosar-1138	325	7	entrepreneurs	entrepreneur	NOUN
ijosar-1138	325	8	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	325	9	sme3	sme3	NOUN
ijosar-1138	325	10	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	325	11	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	325	12	regional	regional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	325	13	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	325	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	325	15	saying	say	VERB
ijosar-1138	325	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	325	17	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	325	18	there	there	PRON
ijosar-1138	325	19	’s	’	VERB
ijosar-1138	325	20	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	325	21	need	need	NOUN
ijosar-1138	325	22	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	325	23	untangle	untangle	VERB
ijosar-1138	325	24	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	325	25	process	process	NOUN
ijosar-1138	325	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	325	27	network	network	NOUN
ijosar-1138	325	28	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	325	29	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	325	30	afcfta	afcfta	PROPN
ijosar-1138	325	31	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	325	32	expand	expand	VERB
ijosar-1138	325	33	our	our	PRON
ijosar-1138	325	34	market	market	NOUN
ijosar-1138	325	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	325	36	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	326	1	sme2	sme2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	326	2	advocated	advocate	VERB
ijosar-1138	326	3	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	326	4	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	326	5	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	326	6	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	326	7	b2b	b2b	NOUN
ijosar-1138	326	8	meetings	meeting	NOUN
ijosar-1138	326	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	326	10	greater	great	ADJ
ijosar-1138	326	11	advocacy	advocacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	326	12	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	326	13	ease	ease	VERB
ijosar-1138	326	14	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	326	15	operations	operation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	326	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	326	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	326	18	sustained	sustain	VERB
ijosar-1138	326	19	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	326	20	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	326	21	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	326	22	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	326	23	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	326	24	help	help	VERB
ijosar-1138	326	25	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	326	26	grow	grow	VERB
ijosar-1138	326	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	326	28	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	327	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	327	2	responses	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	327	3	echo	echo	VERB
ijosar-1138	327	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	327	5	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1138	327	6	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	327	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	327	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	327	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	327	10	noted	note	VERB
ijosar-1138	327	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	327	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	327	13	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	327	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	327	15	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1138	327	16	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	327	17	regard	regard	NOUN
ijosar-1138	327	18	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	327	19	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1138	327	20	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	327	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	327	22	policies	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	327	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	327	24	fragmented	fragment	VERB
ijosar-1138	327	25	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	327	26	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	327	27	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	327	28	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	327	29	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	328	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	328	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	328	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	329	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	329	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	329	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	330	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	330	2	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	330	3	135	135	NUM
ijosar-1138	330	4	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	330	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	330	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	330	7	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	330	8	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	330	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	330	10	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	330	11	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	330	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	330	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	330	14	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	330	15	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	330	16	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	330	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	330	18	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	330	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	330	20	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	330	21	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	330	22	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	330	23	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	330	24	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	330	25	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	331	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	331	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	331	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	331	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	331	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	331	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	331	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	331	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	332	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	332	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	332	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	332	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	332	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	332	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	332	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	332	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	332	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	332	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	332	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	332	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	332	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	332	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	332	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	332	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	332	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	332	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	332	19	oversight	oversight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	332	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	332	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	332	22	low	low	ADJ
ijosar-1138	332	23	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	332	24	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	332	25	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	332	26	monitor	monitor	VERB
ijosar-1138	332	27	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	332	28	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	332	29	effectively	effectively	ADV
ijosar-1138	332	30	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	332	31	adebayo	adebayo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	332	32	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	332	33	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	332	34	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	332	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	333	1	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	333	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	333	3	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	333	4	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	333	5	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	333	6	appreciating	appreciate	VERB
ijosar-1138	333	7	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	333	8	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	333	9	informational	informational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	333	10	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	333	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	333	12	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	333	13	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	333	14	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	333	15	provided	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	333	16	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	333	17	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	333	18	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	333	19	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	333	20	environment	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	333	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	333	22	albeit	albeit	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	333	23	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	333	24	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	333	25	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	333	26	indirect	indirect	ADJ
ijosar-1138	333	27	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	333	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	334	1	dpi1	dpi1	PROPN
ijosar-1138	334	2	said	say	VERB
ijosar-1138	334	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	334	4	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	334	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	334	6	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	334	7	i	i	PRON
ijosar-1138	334	8	received	receive	VERB
ijosar-1138	334	9	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	334	10	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	334	11	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	334	12	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	334	13	informational	informational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	334	14	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1138	334	15	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	334	16	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	334	17	advisory	advisory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	334	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	334	19	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	334	20	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1138	334	21	helped	help	VERB
ijosar-1138	334	22	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	334	23	understanding	understand	VERB
ijosar-1138	334	24	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	334	25	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	334	26	landscape	landscape	NOUN
ijosar-1138	334	27	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	334	28	risk	risk	NOUN
ijosar-1138	334	29	environment	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	334	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	334	31	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	335	1	others	other	NOUN
ijosar-1138	335	2	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1138	335	3	dpi3	dpi3	PROPN
ijosar-1138	335	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	335	5	dpi4	dpi4	PROPN
ijosar-1138	335	6	appreciated	appreciate	VERB
ijosar-1138	335	7	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	335	8	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	335	9	educational	educational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	335	10	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	335	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	335	12	event	event	NOUN
ijosar-1138	335	13	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	335	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	336	1	dpi	dpi	NOUN
ijosar-1138	336	2	stated	state	VERB
ijosar-1138	336	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	336	4	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	336	5	there	there	PRON
ijosar-1138	336	6	was	be	VERB
ijosar-1138	336	7	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	336	8	recent	recent	ADJ
ijosar-1138	336	9	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	336	10	webinar	webinar	NOUN
ijosar-1138	336	11	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	336	12	customs	custom	NOUN
ijosar-1138	336	13	activities	activity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	336	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	336	15	agoa	agoa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	336	16	certification	certification	NOUN
ijosar-1138	336	17	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	336	18	i	i	PRON
ijosar-1138	336	19	found	find	VERB
ijosar-1138	336	20	informative	informative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	336	21	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	336	22	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	337	1	dpi4	dpi4	PROPN
ijosar-1138	337	2	added	add	VERB
ijosar-1138	337	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	337	4	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	337	5	they	they	PRON
ijosar-1138	337	6	linked	link	VERB
ijosar-1138	337	7	me	i	PRON
ijosar-1138	337	8	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	337	9	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	337	10	state	state	NOUN
ijosar-1138	337	11	office	office	NOUN
ijosar-1138	337	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	337	13	provided	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	337	14	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	337	15	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	337	16	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	337	17	guidance	guidance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	337	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	337	19	especially	especially	ADV
ijosar-1138	337	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	337	21	relation	relation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	337	22	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	337	23	afcfta	afcfta	PROPN
ijosar-1138	337	24	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	337	25	processes	process	NOUN
ijosar-1138	337	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	337	27	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	338	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	338	2	responses	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	338	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	338	4	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	338	5	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	338	6	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	338	7	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	338	8	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	338	9	may	may	AUX
ijosar-1138	338	10	not	not	PART
ijosar-1138	338	11	always	always	ADV
ijosar-1138	338	12	translate	translate	VERB
ijosar-1138	338	13	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	338	14	direct	direct	ADJ
ijosar-1138	338	15	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	338	16	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	338	17	every	every	DET
ijosar-1138	338	18	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	338	19	investor	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	338	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	338	21	they	they	PRON
ijosar-1138	338	22	do	do	AUX
ijosar-1138	338	23	help	help	VERB
ijosar-1138	338	24	create	create	VERB
ijosar-1138	338	25	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	338	26	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	338	27	predictably	predictably	ADV
ijosar-1138	338	28	supportive	supportive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	338	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	338	30	informed	informed	ADJ
ijosar-1138	338	31	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	338	32	environment	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	338	33	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	339	1	5.3.3	5.3.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	339	2	theme	theme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	339	3	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1138	339	4	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	339	5	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	339	6	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	339	7	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	339	8	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	339	9	intermediary	intermediary	NOUN
ijosar-1138	339	10	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	339	11	theme	theme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	339	12	explores	explore	NOUN
ijosar-1138	339	13	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	339	14	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	339	15	function	function	NOUN
ijosar-1138	339	16	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	339	17	an	an	DET
ijosar-1138	339	18	intermediary	intermediary	NOUN
ijosar-1138	339	19	linking	link	VERB
ijosar-1138	339	20	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	339	21	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	339	22	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	339	23	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	339	24	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	339	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	339	26	focusing	focus	VERB
ijosar-1138	339	27	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	339	28	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	339	29	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	339	30	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	339	31	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	339	32	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	340	1	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	340	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	340	3	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	340	4	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	340	5	all	all	DET
ijosar-1138	340	6	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	340	7	including	include	VERB
ijosar-1138	340	8	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	340	9	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	340	10	echoed	echo	VERB
ijosar-1138	340	11	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	340	12	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	340	13	plays	play	VERB
ijosar-1138	340	14	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	340	15	central	central	ADJ
ijosar-1138	340	16	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	340	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	340	18	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	340	19	linking	link	VERB
ijosar-1138	340	20	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	340	21	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	340	22	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	340	23	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	340	24	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	340	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	341	1	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	341	2	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ijosar-1138	341	3	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	341	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	341	5	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	341	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	341	7	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	341	8	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	341	9	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	341	10	created	create	VERB
ijosar-1138	341	11	entry	entry	NOUN
ijosar-1138	341	12	points	point	NOUN
ijosar-1138	341	13	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	341	14	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	341	15	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	341	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	341	17	albert	albert	PROPN
ijosar-1138	341	18	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	341	19	varying	vary	VERB
ijosar-1138	341	20	levels	level	NOUN
ijosar-1138	341	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	341	22	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	341	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	342	1	according	accord	VERB
ijosar-1138	342	2	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	342	3	sd1	sd1	PROPN
ijosar-1138	342	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	342	5	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	342	6	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	342	7	partnership	partnership	NOUN
ijosar-1138	342	8	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	342	9	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	342	10	organization	organization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	342	11	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	342	12	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	342	13	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	342	14	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	342	15	organization	organization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	342	16	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	342	17	migration	migration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	342	18	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	342	19	enabled	enable	VERB
ijosar-1138	342	20	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1138	342	21	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	342	22	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	342	23	train	train	VERB
ijosar-1138	342	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	342	25	empower	empower	NOUN
ijosar-1138	342	26	returnees	returnee	VERB
ijosar-1138	342	27	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	342	28	other	other	ADJ
ijosar-1138	342	29	countries	country	NOUN
ijosar-1138	342	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	342	31	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	342	32	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	342	33	sd2	sd2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	342	34	added	add	VERB
ijosar-1138	342	35	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	342	36	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1138	342	37	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	342	38	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	342	39	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	342	40	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	342	41	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	342	42	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	342	43	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	343	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	343	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	343	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	344	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	344	2	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	344	3	136	136	NUM
ijosar-1138	344	4	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	344	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	344	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	344	7	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	344	8	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	344	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	344	10	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	344	11	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	344	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	344	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	344	14	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	344	15	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	344	16	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	344	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	344	18	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	344	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	344	20	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	344	21	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	344	22	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	344	23	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	344	24	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	344	25	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	345	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	345	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	345	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	345	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	345	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	345	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	345	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	345	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	346	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	346	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	346	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	346	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	346	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	346	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	346	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	346	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	346	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	346	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	346	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	346	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	346	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	346	19	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	346	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	346	21	garment	garment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	346	23	textile	textile	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	24	cluster	cluster	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	25	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	26	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	27	scheme	scheme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	346	29	agrobusiness	agrobusiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	30	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	31	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	32	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	346	33	women	woman	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	34	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	346	35	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	346	36	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	346	37	self	self	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	38	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	346	39	employment	employment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	40	program	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	41	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	346	42	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	346	43	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	346	44	bonds	bond	NOUN
ijosar-1138	346	45	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	346	46	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	347	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	347	2	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	347	3	not	not	PART
ijosar-1138	347	4	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1138	347	5	target	target	VERB
ijosar-1138	347	6	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	347	7	empowerment	empowerment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	347	8	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	347	9	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	347	10	seek	seek	VERB
ijosar-1138	347	11	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	347	12	align	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	347	13	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	347	14	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	347	15	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	347	16	local	local	ADJ
ijosar-1138	347	17	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	347	18	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	347	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	348	1	sd5	sd5	PROPN
ijosar-1138	348	2	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	348	3	more	more	ADJ
ijosar-1138	348	4	expansion	expansion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	348	5	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1138	348	6	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	348	7	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	348	8	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	348	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	348	10	₦	₦	PROPN
ijosar-1138	348	11	100	100	NUM
ijosar-1138	348	12	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1138	348	13	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	348	14	fund	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1138	348	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	348	16	grow	grow	VERB
ijosar-1138	348	17	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	348	18	strategic	strategic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	348	19	plan	plan	NOUN
ijosar-1138	348	20	documents	document	NOUN
ijosar-1138	348	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	348	22	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	348	23	foster	foster	VERB
ijosar-1138	348	24	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	348	25	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	348	26	at	at	ADP
ijosar-1138	348	27	forums	forum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	348	28	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	348	29	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	348	30	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	348	31	agda	agda	NOUN
ijosar-1138	348	32	conference	conference	NOUN
ijosar-1138	348	33	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	348	34	mobilize	mobilize	VERB
ijosar-1138	348	35	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	348	36	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	348	37	global	global	ADJ
ijosar-1138	348	38	investor	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	348	39	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	348	40	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	348	41	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	349	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	349	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	349	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	349	4	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	349	5	act	act	PROPN
ijosar-1138	349	6	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	349	7	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	349	8	feedback	feedback	NOUN
ijosar-1138	349	9	hub	hub	NOUN
ijosar-1138	349	10	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	349	11	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
ijosar-1138	349	12	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	349	13	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	349	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	350	1	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	350	2	sd2	sd2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	350	3	explained	explain	VERB
ijosar-1138	350	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	350	5	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	350	6	includes	include	VERB
ijosar-1138	350	7	tracking	track	VERB
ijosar-1138	350	8	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	350	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	350	10	number	number	NOUN
ijosar-1138	350	11	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	350	12	participants	participant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	350	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	350	14	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	350	15	leads	lead	VERB
ijosar-1138	350	16	generated	generate	VERB
ijosar-1138	350	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	350	18	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	350	19	flow	flow	NOUN
ijosar-1138	350	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	350	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	350	22	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	350	23	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	350	24	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ijosar-1138	350	25	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	350	26	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	350	27	sd5	sd5	PROPN
ijosar-1138	350	28	added	add	VERB
ijosar-1138	350	29	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	350	30	post	post	ADJ
ijosar-1138	350	31	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	350	32	survey	survey	ADJ
ijosar-1138	350	33	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
ijosar-1138	350	34	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	350	35	interviews	interview	NOUN
ijosar-1138	350	36	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	350	37	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	350	38	feedback	feedback	NOUN
ijosar-1138	350	39	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	350	40	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	351	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	351	2	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	351	3	aligns	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	351	4	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	351	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	351	6	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	351	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	351	8	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	351	9	suggest	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	351	10	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	351	11	agencies	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	351	12	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1138	351	13	serve	serve	VERB
ijosar-1138	351	14	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	351	15	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	351	16	intermediates	intermediate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	351	17	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	351	18	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	351	19	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	351	20	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	351	21	building	build	VERB
ijosar-1138	351	22	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	351	23	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	351	24	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	351	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	351	26	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1138	351	27	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	351	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	351	29	transnational	transnational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	351	30	partnership	partnership	NOUN
ijosar-1138	351	31	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	351	32	gelb	gelb	PROPN
ijosar-1138	351	33	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	351	34	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	351	35	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	351	36	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	351	37	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	351	38	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	351	39	kumar	kumar	PROPN
ijosar-1138	351	40	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	351	41	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	351	42	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	351	43	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	352	1	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	352	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	352	3	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	352	4	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	352	5	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	352	6	appear	appear	VERB
ijosar-1138	352	7	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	352	8	recognize	recognize	VERB
ijosar-1138	352	9	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	352	10	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	352	11	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	352	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	352	13	highlighting	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	352	14	recurring	recur	VERB
ijosar-1138	352	15	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	352	16	areas	area	NOUN
ijosar-1138	352	17	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	352	18	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	352	19	market	market	NOUN
ijosar-1138	352	20	linkage	linkage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	352	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	352	22	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	352	23	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	352	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	352	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	352	26	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	352	27	mission	mission	NOUN
ijosar-1138	352	28	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	352	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	353	1	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	353	2	example	example	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	353	4	sme1	sme1	PROPN
ijosar-1138	353	5	describes	describe	VERB
ijosar-1138	353	6	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	353	7	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	353	8	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	9	mandate	mandate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	10	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	353	11	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	353	12	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	13	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	353	14	market	market	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	15	linkages	linkage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	353	17	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	18	missions	mission	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	353	20	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	21	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	353	23	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	24	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	353	26	access	access	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	27	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	353	28	finance	finance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	353	30	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	353	31	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	32	matching	matching	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	33	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	353	34	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	353	35	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	353	36	echoed	echo	VERB
ijosar-1138	353	37	across	across	ADP
ijosar-1138	353	38	all	all	DET
ijosar-1138	353	39	sme	sme	ADJ
ijosar-1138	353	40	participants	participant	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	41	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	353	42	sme3	sme3	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	43	affirming	affirm	VERB
ijosar-1138	353	44	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	353	45	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	353	46	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	353	47	encourages	encourage	VERB
ijosar-1138	353	48	attendance	attendance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	49	at	at	ADP
ijosar-1138	353	50	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	353	51	exhibitions	exhibition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	52	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	353	53	fairs	fair	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	54	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	353	55	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	353	56	provides	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	353	57	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	353	58	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	59	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	353	60	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	61	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	62	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	353	63	financing	financing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	353	64	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	353	65	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	354	1	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	354	2	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	354	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	354	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	355	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	355	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	355	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	356	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	356	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	356	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	356	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	356	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	356	6	137	137	NUM
ijosar-1138	356	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	356	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	356	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	356	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	356	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	356	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	356	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	356	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	356	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	356	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	356	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	356	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	356	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	356	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	356	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	356	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	356	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	356	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	356	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	356	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	356	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	356	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	357	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	357	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	357	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	357	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	357	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	357	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	357	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	357	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	358	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	358	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	358	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	358	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	358	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	358	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	358	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	358	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	358	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	358	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	358	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	358	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	358	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	358	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	358	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	358	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	358	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	358	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	358	19	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1138	358	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	358	21	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	358	22	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	358	23	alignment	alignment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	358	24	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	358	25	vision	vision	NOUN
ijosar-1138	358	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	358	27	there	there	PRON
ijosar-1138	358	28	is	be	VERB
ijosar-1138	358	29	an	an	DET
ijosar-1138	358	30	underlying	underlying	ADJ
ijosar-1138	358	31	need	need	NOUN
ijosar-1138	358	32	for	for	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	358	33	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	358	34	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	358	35	deepen	deepen	VERB
ijosar-1138	358	36	personalized	personalized	ADJ
ijosar-1138	358	37	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	358	38	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	358	39	follow	follow	VERB
ijosar-1138	358	40	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	358	41	through	through	NOUN
ijosar-1138	358	42	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	358	43	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	358	44	make	make	VERB
ijosar-1138	358	45	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	358	46	services	service	NOUN
ijosar-1138	358	47	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	358	48	actionable	actionable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	358	49	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	358	50	targeted	target	VERB
ijosar-1138	358	51	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	359	1	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	359	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	359	3	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	359	4	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	359	5	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	359	6	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	359	7	gave	give	VERB
ijosar-1138	359	8	mixed	mixed	ADJ
ijosar-1138	359	9	assignment	assignment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	359	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	359	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	359	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	359	13	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	359	14	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	359	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	360	1	dri1	dri1	PROPN
ijosar-1138	360	2	acknowledge	acknowledge	VERB
ijosar-1138	360	3	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	360	4	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	360	5	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	360	6	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	360	7	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	360	8	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	360	9	made	make	VERB
ijosar-1138	360	10	notable	notable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	360	11	strides	stride	NOUN
ijosar-1138	360	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	360	13	increasing	increase	VERB
ijosar-1138	360	14	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	360	15	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	360	16	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	360	17	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	360	18	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	360	19	fairs	fair	NOUN
ijosar-1138	360	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	360	21	exhibitions	exhibition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	360	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	360	23	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	360	24	online	online	ADJ
ijosar-1138	360	25	directories	directory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	360	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	360	27	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	360	28	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	360	29	noted	note	VERB
ijosar-1138	360	30	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	360	31	gap	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	360	32	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	360	33	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	360	34	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	360	35	targeted	target	VERB
ijosar-1138	360	36	matchmaking	matchmaking	NOUN
ijosar-1138	360	37	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1138	360	38	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	360	39	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	360	40	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	360	41	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	360	42	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	360	43	ready	ready	ADJ
ijosar-1138	360	44	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	360	45	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	360	46	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	361	1	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	361	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	361	3	dpi4	dpi4	PROPN
ijosar-1138	361	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	361	5	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1138	361	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	361	7	considered	consider	VERB
ijosar-1138	361	8	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	361	9	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	361	10	very	very	ADV
ijosar-1138	361	11	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	361	12	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	361	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	361	14	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1138	361	15	referencing	reference	VERB
ijosar-1138	361	16	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	361	17	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1138	361	18	event	event	NOUN
ijosar-1138	361	19	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	361	20	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	361	21	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	361	22	export	export	PROPN
ijosar-1138	361	23	promotion	promotion	PROPN
ijosar-1138	361	24	council	council	PROPN
ijosar-1138	361	25	where	where	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	361	26	she	she	PRON
ijosar-1138	361	27	learned	learn	VERB
ijosar-1138	361	28	about	about	ADP
ijosar-1138	361	29	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	361	30	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	361	31	agoa	agoa	NOUN
ijosar-1138	361	32	stamp	stamp	NOUN
ijosar-1138	361	33	process	process	NOUN
ijosar-1138	361	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	361	35	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	361	36	compelled	compel	VERB
ijosar-1138	361	37	me	i	PRON
ijosar-1138	361	38	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	361	39	restructure	restructure	VERB
ijosar-1138	361	40	my	my	PRON
ijosar-1138	361	41	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	361	42	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	361	43	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	361	44	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	361	45	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	361	46	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	361	47	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	361	48	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ijosar-1138	361	49	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	361	50	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	362	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	362	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ijosar-1138	362	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	362	4	dpi2	dpi2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	362	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	362	6	dpi3	dpi3	PROPN
ijosar-1138	362	7	were	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	362	8	less	less	ADV
ijosar-1138	362	9	aware	aware	ADJ
ijosar-1138	362	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	362	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	362	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	362	13	direct	direct	ADJ
ijosar-1138	362	14	influence	influence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	362	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	362	16	though	though	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	362	17	dpi3	dpi3	NOUN
ijosar-1138	362	18	acknowledge	acknowledge	VERB
ijosar-1138	362	19	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	362	20	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	362	21	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	362	22	had	have	VERB
ijosar-1138	362	23	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	362	24	desk	desk	NOUN
ijosar-1138	362	25	at	at	ADP
ijosar-1138	362	26	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	362	27	exhibition	exhibition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	362	28	event	event	NOUN
ijosar-1138	362	29	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	362	30	speaking	speak	VERB
ijosar-1138	362	31	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	362	32	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	362	33	msme	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	362	34	space	space	NOUN
ijosar-1138	362	35	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	362	36	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	362	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	362	38	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	363	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	363	2	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	363	3	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
ijosar-1138	363	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	363	5	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	363	6	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	363	7	sees	see	VERB
ijosar-1138	363	8	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	363	9	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	363	10	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	363	11	vital	vital	ADJ
ijosar-1138	363	12	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	363	13	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1138	363	14	limited	limit	VERB
ijosar-1138	363	15	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	363	16	scope	scope	NOUN
ijosar-1138	363	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	363	18	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1138	363	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	363	20	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	363	21	communication	communication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	363	22	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ijosar-1138	363	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	363	24	ajuwon	ajuwon	VERB
ijosar-1138	363	25	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	363	26	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	363	27	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	363	28	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	363	29	;	;	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	363	30	gumel	gumel	PROPN
ijosar-1138	363	31	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	363	32	bardai	bardai	PROPN
ijosar-1138	363	33	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	363	34	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	363	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	364	1	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	364	2	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	364	3	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	364	4	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	364	5	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	364	6	evident	evident	ADJ
ijosar-1138	364	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	364	8	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	364	9	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	364	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	364	11	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	364	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	364	13	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	364	14	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	364	15	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	364	16	varies	vary	VERB
ijosar-1138	364	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	365	1	5.3.4	5.3.4	X
ijosar-1138	365	2	theme	theme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	365	3	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	365	4	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	365	5	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ijosar-1138	365	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	365	7	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	365	8	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	365	9	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	365	10	theme	theme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	365	11	examines	examine	VERB
ijosar-1138	365	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	365	13	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1138	365	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	365	15	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	365	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	365	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	365	18	communication	communication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	365	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	365	20	related	relate	VERB
ijosar-1138	365	21	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ijosar-1138	365	22	hindering	hinder	VERB
ijosar-1138	365	23	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	365	24	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	365	25	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	365	26	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	365	27	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	365	28	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	365	29	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	366	1	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	366	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	366	3	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	366	4	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	366	5	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	366	6	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	366	7	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	366	8	strategic	strategic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	366	9	mandate	mandate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	366	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	366	11	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	366	12	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	366	13	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	366	14	undermined	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1138	366	15	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	366	16	significant	significant	ADJ
ijosar-1138	366	17	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1138	366	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	366	19	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	366	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	366	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	366	22	communication	communication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	366	23	related	relate	VERB
ijosar-1138	366	24	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ijosar-1138	366	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	367	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	367	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	367	3	impact	impact	VERB
ijosar-1138	367	4	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	367	5	ability	ability	NOUN
ijosar-1138	367	6	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	367	7	fully	fully	ADV
ijosar-1138	367	8	harness	harness	ADJ
ijosar-1138	367	9	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	367	10	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	367	11	potential	potential	NOUN
ijosar-1138	367	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	367	13	support	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	367	14	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	367	15	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	367	16	becoming	become	VERB
ijosar-1138	367	17	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	367	18	ready	ready	ADJ
ijosar-1138	367	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	368	1	sd1	sd1	PROPN
ijosar-1138	368	2	bluntly	bluntly	ADV
ijosar-1138	368	3	stated	state	VERB
ijosar-1138	368	4	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	368	5	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	368	6	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	368	7	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	368	8	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	369	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	369	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	369	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	370	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	370	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	370	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	370	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	370	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	370	6	138	138	NUM
ijosar-1138	370	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	370	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	370	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	370	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	370	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	370	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	370	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	370	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	370	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	370	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	370	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	370	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	370	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	370	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	370	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	370	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	370	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	370	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	370	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	370	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	370	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	370	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	371	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	372	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	372	2	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	372	3	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	372	4	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	372	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	372	6	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	372	7	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	373	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	373	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	373	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	373	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	373	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	373	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	373	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	373	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	373	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	373	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	373	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	373	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	373	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	373	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	373	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	373	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	373	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	373	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	373	19	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	373	20	there	there	PRON
ijosar-1138	373	21	are	be	VERB
ijosar-1138	373	22	basically	basically	ADV
ijosar-1138	373	23	no	no	DET
ijosar-1138	373	24	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	373	25	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	373	26	harnessing	harness	VERB
ijosar-1138	373	27	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	373	28	potentialities	potentiality	NOUN
ijosar-1138	373	29	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	373	30	support	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	373	31	local	local	ADJ
ijosar-1138	373	32	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	373	33	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	373	34	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	373	35	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	373	36	reveals	reveal	VERB
ijosar-1138	373	37	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	373	38	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ijosar-1138	373	39	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	373	40	gap	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	373	41	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	374	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	374	2	aligns	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	374	3	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	374	4	existing	exist	VERB
ijosar-1138	374	5	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	374	6	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	374	7	adedeji	adedeji	NOUN
ijosar-1138	374	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	374	9	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	374	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	374	11	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	374	12	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	374	13	identifies	identify	VERB
ijosar-1138	374	14	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1138	374	15	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	374	16	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	374	17	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	374	18	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	374	19	major	major	ADJ
ijosar-1138	374	20	constraint	constraint	NOUN
ijosar-1138	374	21	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	374	22	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	374	23	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	374	24	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	374	25	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	374	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	375	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	375	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	375	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	375	4	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	375	5	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ijosar-1138	375	6	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	375	7	limit	limit	VERB
ijosar-1138	375	8	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	375	9	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	375	10	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	375	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	375	12	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	375	13	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	375	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	376	1	sd2	sd2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	376	2	noted	note	VERB
ijosar-1138	376	3	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	376	4	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ijosar-1138	376	5	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	376	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	376	7	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1138	376	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	376	9	enlightenment	enlightenment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	376	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	376	11	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ijosar-1138	376	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	376	13	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	376	14	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	376	15	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	376	16	being	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	376	17	addressed	address	VERB
ijosar-1138	376	18	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	376	19	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	376	20	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	376	21	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	376	22	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
ijosar-1138	376	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	376	24	advocacy	advocacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	376	25	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	376	26	increased	increase	VERB
ijosar-1138	376	27	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	376	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	376	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	376	30	developing	develop	VERB
ijosar-1138	376	31	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	376	32	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	376	33	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	377	1	likewise	likewise	ADV
ijosar-1138	377	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	377	3	sd4	sd4	NOUN
ijosar-1138	377	4	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	377	5	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	377	6	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	377	7	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	377	8	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	377	9	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	377	10	partnered	partner	VERB
ijosar-1138	377	11	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	377	12	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	377	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	377	14	local	local	ADJ
ijosar-1138	377	15	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	377	16	bodies	body	NOUN
ijosar-1138	377	17	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	377	18	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	377	19	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	377	20	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	377	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	377	22	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	377	23	highlighting	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	377	24	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ijosar-1138	377	25	attempts	attempt	NOUN
ijosar-1138	377	26	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	377	27	bridge	bridge	VERB
ijosar-1138	377	28	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	377	29	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	377	30	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	377	31	gaps	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	377	32	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	378	1	sd3	sd3	PROPN
ijosar-1138	378	2	pointed	point	VERB
ijosar-1138	378	3	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	378	4	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	378	5	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	378	7	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	8	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	9	within	within	ADP
ijosar-1138	378	10	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	378	11	system	system	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	378	13	referencing	reference	VERB
ijosar-1138	378	14	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	378	15	insincerity	insincerity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	16	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	378	17	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1138	378	18	regards	regard	VERB
ijosar-1138	378	19	overestimation	overestimation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	20	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	378	21	production	production	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	22	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	23	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	378	24	deal	deal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	25	rooms	room	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	26	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	378	27	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	378	28	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	378	29	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	378	30	agency	agency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	31	addresses	address	VERB
ijosar-1138	378	32	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	378	33	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	378	34	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	35	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	36	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	378	37	sanitization	sanitization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	38	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	378	39	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	378	40	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	378	41	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	378	42	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	379	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	379	2	statements	statement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	379	3	support	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	379	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	379	5	finding	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	379	6	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	379	7	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	379	8	credibility	credibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	379	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	379	10	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	379	11	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	379	12	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	379	13	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	379	14	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	379	15	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	379	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	380	1	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	380	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	380	3	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	380	4	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	380	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	380	6	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	380	7	perspective	perspective	PROPN
ijosar-1138	380	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	380	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	380	10	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
ijosar-1138	380	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	380	12	certification	certification	NOUN
ijosar-1138	380	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	380	14	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	380	15	scaling	scaling	NOUN
ijosar-1138	380	16	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	380	17	major	major	ADJ
ijosar-1138	380	18	hinderances	hinderance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	380	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	381	1	sme1	sme1	PROPN
ijosar-1138	381	2	noted	note	VERB
ijosar-1138	381	3	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	381	4	most	most	ADJ
ijosar-1138	381	5	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	381	6	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	381	7	yet	yet	ADV
ijosar-1138	381	8	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	381	9	have	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	381	10	established	establish	VERB
ijosar-1138	381	11	functional	functional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	381	12	facilities	facility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	381	13	...	...	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	381	14	when	when	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	381	15	they	they	PRON
ijosar-1138	381	16	want	want	VERB
ijosar-1138	381	17	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	381	18	scale	scale	VERB
ijosar-1138	381	19	up	up	ADP
ijosar-1138	381	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	381	21	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	381	22	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
ijosar-1138	381	23	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	381	24	certification	certification	NOUN
ijosar-1138	381	25	bodies	body	NOUN
ijosar-1138	381	26	bring	bring	VERB
ijosar-1138	381	27	setbacks	setback	NOUN
ijosar-1138	381	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	381	29	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	382	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	382	2	same	same	ADJ
ijosar-1138	382	3	concern	concern	NOUN
ijosar-1138	382	4	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	382	5	echoed	echo	VERB
ijosar-1138	382	6	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	382	7	sme4	sme4	PROPN
ijosar-1138	382	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	382	9	who	who	PRON
ijosar-1138	382	10	reiterated	reiterate	VERB
ijosar-1138	382	11	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	382	12	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	382	13	people	people	NOUN
ijosar-1138	382	14	just	just	ADV
ijosar-1138	382	15	start	start	VERB
ijosar-1138	382	16	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	382	17	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	382	18	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	382	19	homes	home	NOUN
ijosar-1138	382	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	382	21	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	382	22	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	382	23	scale	scale	NOUN
ijosar-1138	382	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	382	25	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	382	26	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	382	27	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	382	28	inability	inability	NOUN
ijosar-1138	382	29	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	382	30	meet	meet	VERB
ijosar-1138	382	31	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	382	32	standards	standard	NOUN
ijosar-1138	382	33	hampers	hamper	VERB
ijosar-1138	382	34	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	382	35	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	382	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	383	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	383	2	reflects	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1138	383	3	earlier	early	ADJ
ijosar-1138	383	4	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	383	5	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	383	6	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	383	7	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	383	8	deficits	deficit	NOUN
ijosar-1138	383	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	383	10	informality	informality	NOUN
ijosar-1138	383	11	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	383	12	major	major	ADJ
ijosar-1138	383	13	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ijosar-1138	383	14	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	383	15	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	383	16	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	383	17	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	383	18	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	383	19	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	383	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	383	21	west	west	PROPN
ijosar-1138	383	22	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	383	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	383	24	adedeji	adedeji	NOUN
ijosar-1138	383	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	383	26	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	383	27	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	383	28	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	383	29	addition	addition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	383	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	383	31	sme2	sme2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	383	32	suggested	suggest	VERB
ijosar-1138	383	33	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	383	34	journals	journals	PROPN
ijosar-1138	383	35	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	383	36	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	384	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	384	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	384	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	385	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	385	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	385	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	386	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	386	2	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	386	3	139	139	NUM
ijosar-1138	386	4	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	386	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	386	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	386	7	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	386	8	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	386	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	386	10	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	386	11	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	386	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	386	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	386	14	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	386	15	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	386	16	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	386	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	386	18	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	386	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	386	20	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	386	21	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	386	22	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	386	23	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	386	24	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	386	25	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	386	26	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	387	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	387	2	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	387	3	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	387	4	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	387	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	387	6	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	387	7	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	388	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	388	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	388	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	388	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	388	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	388	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	388	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	388	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	388	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	388	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	388	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	388	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	388	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	388	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	388	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	388	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	388	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	388	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	388	19	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	388	20	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	388	21	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	388	22	b2b	b2b	NOUN
ijosar-1138	388	23	meetings	meeting	NOUN
ijosar-1138	388	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	388	25	more	more	ADJ
ijosar-1138	388	26	advocacy	advocacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	388	27	...	...	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	388	28	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	388	29	handholding	handholding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	388	30	activities	activity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	388	31	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	388	32	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	388	33	help	help	VERB
ijosar-1138	388	34	grow	grow	VERB
ijosar-1138	388	35	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
ijosar-1138	388	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	389	1	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	389	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	389	3	sme3	sme3	PROPN
ijosar-1138	389	4	urged	urge	VERB
ijosar-1138	389	5	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	389	6	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	389	7	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	389	8	untangle	untangle	VERB
ijosar-1138	389	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	389	10	process	process	NOUN
ijosar-1138	389	11	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	389	12	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	389	13	cross	cross	ADJ
ijosar-1138	389	14	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	389	15	border	border	ADJ
ijosar-1138	389	16	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	389	17	under	under	ADP
ijosar-1138	389	18	afcfta	afcfta	PROPN
ijosar-1138	389	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	389	20	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	389	21	comment	comment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	389	22	highlighting	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	389	23	procedural	procedural	ADJ
ijosar-1138	389	24	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	389	25	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	389	26	complexity	complexity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	389	27	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	389	28	key	key	ADJ
ijosar-1138	389	29	issues	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	389	30	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	390	1	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	390	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	390	3	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	390	4	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	390	5	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	390	6	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	390	7	echoed	echo	VERB
ijosar-1138	390	8	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	390	9	frustration	frustration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	390	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	390	11	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1138	390	12	concerning	concern	VERB
ijosar-1138	390	13	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	390	14	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	390	15	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	390	16	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	390	17	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	390	18	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	390	19	ready	ready	ADJ
ijosar-1138	390	20	businesses	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	390	21	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	391	1	dpi1	dpi1	PROPN
ijosar-1138	391	2	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB
ijosar-1138	391	3	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	391	4	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	391	5	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	391	6	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	391	7	improved	improve	VERB
ijosar-1138	391	8	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	391	9	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	391	10	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	391	11	fairs	fair	NOUN
ijosar-1138	391	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	391	13	exhibitions	exhibition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	391	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	391	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	391	16	online	online	ADJ
ijosar-1138	391	17	directories	directory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	391	18	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	391	19	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	391	20	there	there	PRON
ijosar-1138	391	21	is	be	VERB
ijosar-1138	391	22	still	still	ADV
ijosar-1138	391	23	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	391	24	lack	lack	NOUN
ijosar-1138	391	25	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	391	26	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	391	27	targeted	target	VERB
ijosar-1138	391	28	matchmaking	matchmaking	NOUN
ijosar-1138	391	29	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1138	391	30	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	391	31	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	391	32	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	391	33	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	391	34	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	391	35	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	391	36	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	391	37	ready	ready	ADJ
ijosar-1138	391	38	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	391	39	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	392	1	dpi3	dpi3	NOUN
ijosar-1138	392	2	observed	observe	VERB
ijosar-1138	392	3	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	392	4	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	392	5	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	392	6	presence	presence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	392	7	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	392	8	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1138	392	9	passive	passive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	392	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	392	11	stating	state	VERB
ijosar-1138	392	12	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	392	13	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	392	14	had	have	VERB
ijosar-1138	392	15	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	392	16	desk	desk	NOUN
ijosar-1138	392	17	speaking	speak	VERB
ijosar-1138	392	18	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	392	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	392	20	msme	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	392	21	space	space	NOUN
ijosar-1138	392	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	392	23	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	392	24	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	392	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	392	26	real	real	ADJ
ijosar-1138	392	27	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	392	28	came	come	VERB
ijosar-1138	392	29	through	through	ADP
ijosar-1138	392	30	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	392	31	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ijosar-1138	392	32	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	392	33	trae	trae	PROPN
ijosar-1138	392	34	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	392	35	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	392	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	393	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	393	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ijosar-1138	393	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	393	4	dpi2	dpi2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	393	5	admitted	admit	VERB
ijosar-1138	393	6	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	393	7	i	i	PRON
ijosar-1138	393	8	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	393	9	n’t	not	PART
ijosar-1138	393	10	aware	aware	ADJ
ijosar-1138	393	11	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	393	12	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	393	13	until	until	ADP
ijosar-1138	393	14	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	393	15	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	393	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	393	17	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	393	18	indicating	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	393	19	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	393	20	significant	significant	ADJ
ijosar-1138	393	21	communication	communication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	393	22	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	393	23	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	393	24	gap	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	393	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	394	1	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1138	394	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	394	3	dpi4	dpi4	PROPN
ijosar-1138	394	4	provided	provide	VERB
ijosar-1138	394	5	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	394	6	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	394	7	positive	positive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	394	8	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	394	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	394	10	noting	note	VERB
ijosar-1138	394	11	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	394	12	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	394	13	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1138	394	14	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	394	15	led	lead	VERB
ijosar-1138	394	16	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	394	17	even	even	ADV
ijosar-1138	394	18	led	lead	VERB
ijosar-1138	394	19	them	they	PRON
ijosar-1138	394	20	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	394	21	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	394	22	restructure	restructure	VERB
ijosar-1138	394	23	[	[	X
ijosar-1138	394	24	my	my	PRON
ijosar-1138	394	25	]	]	X
ijosar-1138	394	26	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	394	27	...	...	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	394	28	because	because	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	394	29	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	394	30	amount	amount	NOUN
ijosar-1138	394	31	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	394	32	information	information	NOUN
ijosar-1138	394	33	required	require	VERB
ijosar-1138	394	34	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	394	35	get	get	VERB
ijosar-1138	394	36	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	394	37	agoa	agoa	NOUN
ijosar-1138	394	38	stamp	stamp	NOUN
ijosar-1138	394	39	meant	mean	VERB
ijosar-1138	394	40	my	my	PRON
ijosar-1138	394	41	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	394	42	could	could	AUX
ijosar-1138	394	43	n’t	not	PART
ijosar-1138	394	44	continue	continue	VERB
ijosar-1138	394	45	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	394	46	an	an	DET
ijosar-1138	394	47	unstructured	unstructured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	394	48	manner	manner	NOUN
ijosar-1138	394	49	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	394	50	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	395	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	395	2	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1138	395	3	how	how	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	395	4	targeted	target	VERB
ijosar-1138	395	5	information	information	NOUN
ijosar-1138	395	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	395	7	compliance	compliance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	395	8	requirement	requirement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	395	9	can	can	AUX
ijosar-1138	395	10	catalyse	catalyse	VERB
ijosar-1138	395	11	serious	serious	ADJ
ijosar-1138	395	12	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	395	13	reform	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	395	14	among	among	ADP
ijosar-1138	395	15	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	395	16	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	395	17	linked	link	VERB
ijosar-1138	395	18	entrepreneurs	entrepreneur	NOUN
ijosar-1138	395	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	396	1	5.4	5.4	NUM
ijosar-1138	396	2	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	396	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	396	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	396	5	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	396	6	triangulating	triangulate	VERB
ijosar-1138	396	7	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	396	8	responses	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	396	9	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	396	10	65	65	NUM
ijosar-1138	396	11	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	396	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	396	13	interviews	interview	NOUN
ijosar-1138	396	14	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	396	15	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	396	16	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	396	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	396	18	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	396	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	396	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	396	21	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	396	22	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	396	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	396	24	alongside	alongside	ADP
ijosar-1138	396	25	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	396	26	reviewed	review	VERB
ijosar-1138	396	27	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	396	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	396	29	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	396	30	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ijosar-1138	396	31	highlights	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	396	32	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	396	33	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	396	34	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	396	35	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	397	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	397	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	397	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	398	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	398	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	398	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	399	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	399	2	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	399	3	140	140	NUM
ijosar-1138	399	4	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	399	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	399	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	399	7	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	399	8	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	399	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	399	10	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	399	11	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	399	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	399	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	399	14	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	399	15	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	399	16	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	399	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	399	18	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	399	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	399	20	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	399	21	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	399	22	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	399	23	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	399	24	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	399	25	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	400	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	401	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	401	2	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	401	3	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	401	4	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	401	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	401	6	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	401	7	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	402	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	402	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	402	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	402	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	402	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	402	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	402	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	402	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	402	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	402	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	402	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	402	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	402	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	402	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	402	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	402	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	402	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	402	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	402	19	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	402	20	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	402	21	strengths	strength	NOUN
ijosar-1138	402	22	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	402	23	gaps	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	402	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	402	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	402	26	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	402	27	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	402	28	linking	link	VERB
ijosar-1138	402	29	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	402	30	resources	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1138	402	31	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	402	32	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	402	33	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	402	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	403	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	403	2	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	403	3	points	point	VERB
ijosar-1138	403	4	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	403	5	strong	strong	ADJ
ijosar-1138	403	6	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	403	7	intent	intent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	403	8	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	403	9	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1138	403	10	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	403	11	structures	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	403	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	404	1	5.4.1	5.4.1	NUM
ijosar-1138	404	2	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	404	3	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	404	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	404	5	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	404	6	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	404	7	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1138	404	8	10.8	10.8	NUM
ijosar-1138	404	9	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	404	10	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	404	11	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	404	12	reported	report	VERB
ijosar-1138	404	13	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	404	14	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	404	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	404	16	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	404	17	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	404	18	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	404	19	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	404	20	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	404	21	just	just	ADV
ijosar-1138	404	22	6.2	6.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	404	23	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	404	24	engaged	engage	VERB
ijosar-1138	404	25	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	404	26	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	404	27	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	404	28	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1138	404	29	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	404	30	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	404	31	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	404	32	5	5	NUM
ijosar-1138	404	33	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	404	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	405	1	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	405	2	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	405	3	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	405	4	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ijosar-1138	405	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	405	6	dpi2	dpi2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	405	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	405	8	dpi3	dpi3	PROPN
ijosar-1138	405	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	405	10	confirmed	confirm	VERB
ijosar-1138	405	11	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	405	12	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	405	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	405	14	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	405	15	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	405	16	cited	cite	VERB
ijosar-1138	405	17	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	405	18	like	like	ADP
ijosar-1138	405	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	405	20	₦	₦	PROPN
ijosar-1138	405	21	100	100	NUM
ijosar-1138	405	22	billion	billion	NUM
ijosar-1138	405	23	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	405	24	fund	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1138	405	25	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	405	26	iom	iom	PROPN
ijosar-1138	405	27	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
ijosar-1138	405	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	406	1	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	406	2	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	406	3	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
ijosar-1138	406	4	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	406	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	406	6	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	406	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	406	8	dimaggio	dimaggio	PROPN
ijosar-1138	406	9	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	406	10	powell	powell	PROPN
ijosar-1138	406	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	406	12	1983	1983	NUM
ijosar-1138	406	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	406	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	406	15	both	both	PRON
ijosar-1138	406	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	406	17	which	which	PRON
ijosar-1138	406	18	remain	remain	VERB
ijosar-1138	406	19	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1138	406	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	407	1	although	although	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	407	2	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	407	3	exist	exist	VERB
ijosar-1138	407	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	407	5	uptake	uptake	ADJ
ijosar-1138	407	6	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	407	7	minimal	minimal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	407	8	because	because	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	407	9	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	407	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	407	11	communication	communication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	407	12	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	407	13	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1138	407	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	408	1	this	this	PRON
ijosar-1138	408	2	reflects	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1138	408	3	brinkerhoff	brinkerhoff	X
ijosar-1138	408	4	’s	’s	PROPN
ijosar-1138	408	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	408	6	2008	2008	NUM
ijosar-1138	408	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	408	8	observation	observation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	408	9	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	408	10	credible	credible	ADJ
ijosar-1138	408	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	408	12	accessible	accessible	ADJ
ijosar-1138	408	13	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	408	14	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	408	15	essential	essential	ADJ
ijosar-1138	408	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	409	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
ijosar-1138	409	2	india	india	PROPN
ijosar-1138	409	3	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	409	4	dedicated	dedicated	ADJ
ijosar-1138	409	5	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	409	6	desks	desk	NOUN
ijosar-1138	409	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	409	8	gelb	gelb	NOUN
ijosar-1138	409	9	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	409	10	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	409	11	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	409	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	409	13	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	409	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	409	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	409	16	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	409	17	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	409	18	channels	channel	NOUN
ijosar-1138	409	19	remain	remain	VERB
ijosar-1138	409	20	underutilized	underutilized	ADJ
ijosar-1138	409	21	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	410	1	5.4.2	5.4.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	410	2	program	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	3	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	410	5	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	6	support	support	PROPN
ijosar-1138	410	7	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	8	data	datum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	9	show	show	VERB
ijosar-1138	410	10	strong	strong	ADJ
ijosar-1138	410	11	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	410	13	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	14	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	410	15	58.5	58.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	410	16	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	410	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	410	19	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	20	promotion	promotion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	21	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	410	22	32.3	32.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	410	23	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	24	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	410	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	410	26	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	410	27	moderate	moderate	ADJ
ijosar-1138	410	28	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	29	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	410	30	mean	mean	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	31	3.69	3.69	NUM
ijosar-1138	410	32	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	410	33	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	410	34	7	7	NUM
ijosar-1138	410	35	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	410	36	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	411	1	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	411	2	shared	share	VERB
ijosar-1138	411	3	positive	positive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	411	4	experiences	experience	NOUN
ijosar-1138	411	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	411	6	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	411	7	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	411	8	loans	loan	NOUN
ijosar-1138	411	9	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	411	10	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	411	11	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	411	12	or	or	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	411	13	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	411	14	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	411	15	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	411	16	fairs	fair	NOUN
ijosar-1138	411	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	412	1	however	however	ADV
ijosar-1138	412	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	412	3	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	412	4	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	412	5	related	relate	VERB
ijosar-1138	412	6	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	412	7	remain	remain	VERB
ijosar-1138	412	8	marginal	marginal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	412	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	412	10	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	412	11	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	412	12	averaging	average	VERB
ijosar-1138	412	13	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1138	412	14	2.94	2.94	NUM
ijosar-1138	412	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	412	16	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	412	17	6	6	NUM
ijosar-1138	412	18	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	412	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	413	1	high	high	ADJ
ijosar-1138	413	2	neutrality	neutrality	NOUN
ijosar-1138	413	3	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	413	4	36.9	36.9	NUM
ijosar-1138	413	5	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	413	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	413	7	indicates	indicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	413	8	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	413	9	exposure	exposure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	413	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	414	1	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	414	2	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	414	3	described	describe	VERB
ijosar-1138	414	4	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	414	5	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	414	6	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	414	7	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	414	8	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	414	9	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	414	10	informational	informational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	414	11	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1138	414	12	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	414	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	414	14	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	414	15	highlighting	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	414	16	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	414	17	mismatch	mismatch	NOUN
ijosar-1138	414	18	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1138	414	19	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	414	20	needs	need	NOUN
ijosar-1138	414	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	414	22	investor	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	414	23	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	414	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	415	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	415	2	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ijosar-1138	415	3	has	have	AUX
ijosar-1138	415	4	dedicated	dedicate	VERB
ijosar-1138	415	5	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	415	6	units	unit	NOUN
ijosar-1138	415	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	415	8	gelb	gelb	PROPN
ijosar-1138	415	9	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	415	10	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	415	11	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	415	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	415	13	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	415	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	415	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	415	16	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	415	17	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1138	415	18	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	415	19	effective	effective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	415	20	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	415	21	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	415	22	than	than	ADP
ijosar-1138	415	23	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	415	24	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	415	25	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	415	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	416	1	5.4.3	5.4.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	416	2	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	416	3	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	416	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	416	5	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	416	6	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	416	7	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	416	8	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	416	9	policies	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	416	10	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	416	11	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	416	12	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	416	13	bonds	bond	NOUN
ijosar-1138	416	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	416	15	msme	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	416	16	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	416	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	416	18	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	416	19	afcfta	afcfta	PROPN
ijosar-1138	416	20	integration	integration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	416	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	416	22	reflect	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1138	416	23	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	416	24	intent	intent	NOUN
ijosar-1138	416	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	417	1	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	417	2	cited	cite	VERB
ijosar-1138	417	3	measures	measure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	417	4	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	417	5	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	417	6	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	417	7	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	417	8	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	417	9	fund	fund	NOUN
ijosar-1138	417	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	417	11	streamlined	streamlined	ADJ
ijosar-1138	417	12	regulations	regulation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	417	13	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	417	14	sd5	sd5	NOUN
ijosar-1138	417	15	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	417	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	417	17	echoing	echo	VERB
ijosar-1138	417	18	williams	williams	PROPN
ijosar-1138	417	19	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	417	20	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	417	21	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	417	22	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	417	23	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	417	24	value	value	NOUN
ijosar-1138	417	25	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	417	26	clear	clear	ADJ
ijosar-1138	417	27	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	417	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	418	1	yet	yet	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	418	2	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	418	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	418	4	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	418	5	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	418	6	reported	report	VERB
ijosar-1138	418	7	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	418	8	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ijosar-1138	418	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	418	10	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	418	11	operationalization	operationalization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	418	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	419	1	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	419	2	remains	remain	VERB
ijosar-1138	419	3	low	low	ADJ
ijosar-1138	419	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	419	5	10.8	10.8	NUM
ijosar-1138	419	6	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	419	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	419	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	419	9	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	419	10	modest	modest	ADJ
ijosar-1138	419	11	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	419	12	levels	level	NOUN
ijosar-1138	419	13	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	419	14	$	$	SYM
ijosar-1138	419	15	5,000–$25,000	5,000–$25,000	NUM
ijosar-1138	419	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	419	17	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	419	18	3	3	NUM
ijosar-1138	419	19	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	419	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	420	1	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	420	2	gap	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	420	3	reflects	reflect	VERB
ijosar-1138	420	4	north	north	NOUN
ijosar-1138	420	5	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	420	6	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	420	7	1990	1990	NUM
ijosar-1138	420	8	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	420	9	view	view	VERB
ijosar-1138	420	10	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	420	11	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	420	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	420	13	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1138	420	14	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	420	15	as	as	ADV
ijosar-1138	420	16	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	420	17	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	420	18	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	420	19	design	design	NOUN
ijosar-1138	420	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	421	1	compared	compare	VERB
ijosar-1138	421	2	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	421	3	india	india	PROPN
ijosar-1138	421	4	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	421	5	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	421	6	bonds	bond	NOUN
ijosar-1138	421	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	421	8	kumar	kumar	PROPN
ijosar-1138	421	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	421	10	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	421	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	421	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	421	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	421	14	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	421	15	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	421	16	lack	lack	VERB
ijosar-1138	421	17	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
ijosar-1138	421	18	credibility	credibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	421	19	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	421	20	attract	attract	VERB
ijosar-1138	421	21	larger	large	ADJ
ijosar-1138	421	22	investments	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	421	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	422	1	5.4.4	5.4.4	NUM
ijosar-1138	422	2	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ijosar-1138	422	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	422	4	operational	operational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	422	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	422	6	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	422	7	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	422	8	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	422	9	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	423	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	423	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	423	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	424	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	424	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	424	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	424	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	424	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	424	6	141	141	NUM
ijosar-1138	424	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	424	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	424	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	424	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	424	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	424	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	424	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	424	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	424	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	424	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	424	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	424	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	424	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	424	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	424	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	424	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	424	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	424	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	424	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	424	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	424	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	424	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	425	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	425	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	425	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	425	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	425	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	425	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	425	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	425	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	426	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	426	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	426	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	426	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	426	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	426	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	426	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	426	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	426	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	426	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	426	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	426	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	426	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	426	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	426	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	426	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	426	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	426	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	426	19	both	both	DET
ijosar-1138	426	20	datasets	dataset	NOUN
ijosar-1138	426	21	highlight	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	426	22	structural	structural	ADJ
ijosar-1138	426	23	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	426	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	427	1	participation	participation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	427	2	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	427	3	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	427	4	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	427	5	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	427	6	negligible	negligible	ADJ
ijosar-1138	427	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	427	8	6.2	6.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	427	9	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	427	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	427	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	427	12	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	427	13	one	one	NUM
ijosar-1138	427	14	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	427	15	third	third	NOUN
ijosar-1138	427	16	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	427	17	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	427	18	dissatisfied	dissatisfied	ADJ
ijosar-1138	427	19	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	427	20	table	table	NOUN
ijosar-1138	427	21	4.6	4.6	NUM
ijosar-1138	427	22	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	427	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	428	1	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	428	2	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB
ijosar-1138	428	3	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ijosar-1138	428	4	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	428	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	428	6	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1138	428	7	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	428	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	428	9	sd1	sd1	PROPN
ijosar-1138	428	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	428	11	sd2	sd2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	428	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	428	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	428	14	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	428	15	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	428	16	pointed	point	VERB
ijosar-1138	428	17	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	428	18	informality	informality	NOUN
ijosar-1138	428	19	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	428	20	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	428	21	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
ijosar-1138	428	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	429	1	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	429	2	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	429	3	stressed	stress	VERB
ijosar-1138	429	4	fragmented	fragmented	ADJ
ijosar-1138	429	5	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	429	6	roles	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	429	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	429	8	often	often	ADV
ijosar-1138	429	9	bypassing	bypass	VERB
ijosar-1138	429	10	smedan	smedan	NOUN
ijosar-1138	429	11	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	429	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	429	13	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ijosar-1138	429	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	429	15	trade	trade	PROPN
ijosar-1138	429	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	430	1	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	430	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	430	3	echo	echo	VERB
ijosar-1138	430	4	gumel	gumel	ADJ
ijosar-1138	430	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	430	6	bardai	bardai	PROPN
ijosar-1138	430	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	430	8	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	430	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	430	10	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	430	11	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	430	12	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
ijosar-1138	430	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	430	14	brinkerhoff	brinkerhoff	NOUN
ijosar-1138	430	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	430	16	2008	2008	NUM
ijosar-1138	430	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	430	18	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	430	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	430	20	centrality	centrality	NOUN
ijosar-1138	430	21	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	430	22	trust	trust	NOUN
ijosar-1138	430	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	431	1	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ijosar-1138	431	2	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	431	3	proactive	proactive	PROPN
ijosar-1138	431	4	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	431	5	outreach	outreach	PROPN
ijosar-1138	431	6	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	431	7	gelb	gelb	PROPN
ijosar-1138	431	8	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	431	9	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	431	10	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	431	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	431	12	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	431	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	431	14	contrasts	contrast	VERB
ijosar-1138	431	15	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	431	16	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	431	17	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	431	18	limited	limited	ADJ
ijosar-1138	431	19	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	431	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	431	21	as	as	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	431	22	dpi2	dpi2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	431	23	admitted	admit	VERB
ijosar-1138	431	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	431	25	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	431	26	i	i	PRON
ijosar-1138	431	27	was	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	431	28	n’t	not	PART
ijosar-1138	431	29	aware	aware	ADJ
ijosar-1138	431	30	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	431	31	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	431	32	until	until	ADP
ijosar-1138	431	33	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	431	34	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	431	35	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	431	36	”	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	432	1	5.4.5	5.4.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	432	2	triangulation	triangulation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	432	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	432	4	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	432	5	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	432	6	findings	finding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	432	7	show	show	VERB
ijosar-1138	432	8	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	432	9	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	432	10	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	432	11	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	432	12	building	building	NOUN
ijosar-1138	432	13	strength	strength	NOUN
ijosar-1138	432	14	but	but	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	432	15	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1138	432	16	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	432	17	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	432	18	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1138	432	19	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ijosar-1138	432	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	433	1	low	low	ADJ
ijosar-1138	433	2	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	433	3	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	433	4	10.8	10.8	NUM
ijosar-1138	433	5	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	433	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	433	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	433	8	limited	limit	VERB
ijosar-1138	433	9	uptake	uptake	ADJ
ijosar-1138	433	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	433	11	6.2	6.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	433	12	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	433	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	433	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	433	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	433	16	modest	modest	ADJ
ijosar-1138	433	17	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	433	18	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	433	19	2.94	2.94	NUM
ijosar-1138	433	20	mean	mean	NOUN
ijosar-1138	433	21	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	433	22	undermine	undermine	VERB
ijosar-1138	433	23	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	433	24	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	433	25	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	433	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	434	1	yet	yet	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	434	2	targeted	target	VERB
ijosar-1138	434	3	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ijosar-1138	434	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	434	5	such	such	ADJ
ijosar-1138	434	6	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	434	7	agoalinked	agoalinked	ADJ
ijosar-1138	434	8	certification	certification	NOUN
ijosar-1138	434	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	434	10	dpi4	dpi4	PROPN
ijosar-1138	434	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	434	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	434	13	show	show	VERB
ijosar-1138	434	14	potential	potential	NOUN
ijosar-1138	434	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	435	1	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	435	2	confirms	confirm	VERB
ijosar-1138	435	3	these	these	DET
ijosar-1138	435	4	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	435	5	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	435	6	ajuwon	ajuwon	VERB
ijosar-1138	435	7	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	435	8	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	435	9	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	436	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	436	2	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	436	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	436	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	436	5	adebayo	adebayo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	436	6	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	436	7	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	436	8	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	436	9	point	point	NOUN
ijosar-1138	436	10	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	436	11	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	436	12	inconsistencies	inconsistency	NOUN
ijosar-1138	436	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	436	14	weak	weak	ADJ
ijosar-1138	436	15	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	436	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	437	1	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	437	2	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	437	3	recognize	recognize	VERB
ijosar-1138	437	4	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	437	5	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	437	6	contributions	contribution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	437	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	437	8	market	market	NOUN
ijosar-1138	437	9	linkages	linkage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	437	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	437	11	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	437	12	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	437	13	largely	largely	ADV
ijosar-1138	437	14	perceive	perceive	VERB
ijosar-1138	437	15	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	437	16	absence	absence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	437	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	437	18	reinforcing	reinforce	VERB
ijosar-1138	437	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	437	20	need	need	NOUN
ijosar-1138	437	21	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	437	22	dedicated	dedicated	ADJ
ijosar-1138	437	23	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	437	24	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	437	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	438	1	5.4.6	5.4.6	NUM
ijosar-1138	438	2	broader	broad	ADJ
ijosar-1138	438	3	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	438	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	438	5	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	438	6	underscores	underscore	VERB
ijosar-1138	438	7	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	438	8	need	need	NOUN
ijosar-1138	438	9	for	for	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	438	10	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	438	11	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	438	12	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
ijosar-1138	438	13	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	438	14	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	438	15	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	438	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	439	1	dedicated	dedicated	ADJ
ijosar-1138	439	2	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	439	3	desks	desk	NOUN
ijosar-1138	439	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	439	5	co	co	NOUN
ijosar-1138	439	6	-	-	NOUN
ijosar-1138	439	7	investment	investment	ADJ
ijosar-1138	439	8	forums	forum	NOUN
ijosar-1138	439	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	439	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	439	11	digital	digital	ADJ
ijosar-1138	439	12	platforms	platform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	439	13	could	could	AUX
ijosar-1138	439	14	align	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	439	15	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	439	16	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	439	17	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	439	18	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	440	1	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	440	2	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	440	3	nidcom	nidcom	NOUN
ijosar-1138	440	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	440	5	nipc	nipc	PROPN
ijosar-1138	440	6	is	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	440	7	vital	vital	ADJ
ijosar-1138	440	8	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	440	9	address	address	VERB
ijosar-1138	440	10	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	440	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	440	12	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	440	13	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	440	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	441	1	enhanced	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1138	441	2	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	441	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	441	4	particularly	particularly	ADV
ijosar-1138	441	5	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	441	6	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	441	7	hubs	hub	NOUN
ijosar-1138	441	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	441	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	441	10	uk	uk	PROPN
ijosar-1138	441	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	441	12	us	we	PRON
ijosar-1138	441	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	441	14	could	could	AUX
ijosar-1138	441	15	boost	boost	VERB
ijosar-1138	441	16	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	441	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	442	1	finally	finally	ADV
ijosar-1138	442	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	442	3	linking	link	VERB
ijosar-1138	442	4	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	442	5	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	442	6	afcfta	afcfta	VERB
ijosar-1138	442	7	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	442	8	would	would	AUX
ijosar-1138	442	9	support	support	VERB
ijosar-1138	442	10	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	442	11	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	442	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	442	13	positioning	position	VERB
ijosar-1138	442	14	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ijosar-1138	442	15	more	more	ADV
ijosar-1138	442	16	competitively	competitively	ADV
ijosar-1138	442	17	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	442	18	regional	regional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	442	19	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	442	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	443	1	6	6	X
ijosar-1138	443	2	.	.	X
ijosar-1138	443	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	443	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	443	5	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	443	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	443	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	443	8	contributions	contribution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	443	9	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	443	10	knowledge	knowledge	VERB
ijosar-1138	443	11	6.1	6.1	NUM
ijosar-1138	443	12	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	443	13	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	443	14	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	443	15	examined	examine	VERB
ijosar-1138	443	16	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	443	17	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	443	18	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	443	19	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	443	20	attracting	attract	VERB
ijosar-1138	443	21	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	443	22	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	443	23	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	443	24	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	443	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	444	1	results	result	NOUN
ijosar-1138	444	2	show	show	VERB
ijosar-1138	444	3	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	444	4	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	444	5	training	training	NOUN
ijosar-1138	444	6	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	444	7	58.5	58.5	NUM
ijosar-1138	444	8	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	444	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	444	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	444	11	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	444	12	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	444	13	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	444	14	32.3	32.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	444	15	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	444	16	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	444	17	engage	engage	VERB
ijosar-1138	444	18	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	444	19	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	444	20	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	444	21	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	445	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	445	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	445	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	446	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	446	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	446	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	446	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	446	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	446	6	142	142	NUM
ijosar-1138	446	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	446	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	446	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	446	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	446	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	446	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	446	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	446	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	446	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	446	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	446	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	446	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	446	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	446	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	446	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	446	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	446	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	446	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	446	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	446	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	446	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	446	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	447	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	447	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	447	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	447	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	447	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	447	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	447	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	447	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	448	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	448	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	448	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	448	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	448	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	448	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	448	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	448	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	448	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	448	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	448	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	448	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	448	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	448	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	448	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	448	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	448	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	448	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	448	19	many	many	ADJ
ijosar-1138	448	20	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	448	21	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	448	22	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	448	23	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	448	24	focused	focus	VERB
ijosar-1138	448	25	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	448	26	reach	reach	VERB
ijosar-1138	448	27	only	only	ADV
ijosar-1138	448	28	6.2	6.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	448	29	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	448	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	448	31	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	448	32	10.8	10.8	NUM
ijosar-1138	448	33	%	%	NOUN
ijosar-1138	448	34	reporting	reporting	NOUN
ijosar-1138	448	35	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
ijosar-1138	448	36	connections	connection	NOUN
ijosar-1138	448	37	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	449	1	officials	official	NOUN
ijosar-1138	449	2	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	449	3	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	449	4	policies	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	449	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	449	6	yet	yet	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	449	7	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	449	8	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	449	9	revealed	reveal	VERB
ijosar-1138	449	10	low	low	ADJ
ijosar-1138	449	11	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	449	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	450	1	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	450	2	an	an	DET
ijosar-1138	450	3	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	450	4	theory	theory	NOUN
ijosar-1138	450	5	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ijosar-1138	450	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	450	7	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	450	8	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	450	9	efforts	effort	NOUN
ijosar-1138	450	10	lack	lack	VERB
ijosar-1138	450	11	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	450	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	450	13	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	450	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	450	15	limiting	limit	VERB
ijosar-1138	450	16	their	their	PRON
ijosar-1138	450	17	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	450	18	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	450	19	credible	credible	ADJ
ijosar-1138	450	20	program	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	450	21	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	450	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	451	1	6.2	6.2	NUM
ijosar-1138	451	2	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	451	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	451	4	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	451	5	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	451	6	first	first	ADV
ijosar-1138	451	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	451	8	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	451	9	should	should	AUX
ijosar-1138	451	10	establish	establish	VERB
ijosar-1138	451	11	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	451	12	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	451	13	desks	desk	NOUN
ijosar-1138	451	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	451	15	modelled	model	VERB
ijosar-1138	451	16	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	451	17	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ijosar-1138	451	18	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	451	19	approach	approach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	451	20	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	451	21	gelb	gelb	NOUN
ijosar-1138	451	22	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	451	23	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	451	24	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	451	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	451	26	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	451	27	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	451	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	451	29	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	451	30	connect	connect	VERB
ijosar-1138	451	31	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	451	32	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	451	33	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	451	34	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	452	1	second	second	ADJ
ijosar-1138	452	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	452	3	digital	digital	ADJ
ijosar-1138	452	4	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	452	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	452	6	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	452	7	hubs	hub	NOUN
ijosar-1138	452	8	could	could	AUX
ijosar-1138	452	9	counter	counter	VERB
ijosar-1138	452	10	poor	poor	ADJ
ijosar-1138	452	11	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	452	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	453	1	third	third	ADJ
ijosar-1138	453	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	453	3	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	453	4	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	453	5	nidcom	nidcom	NOUN
ijosar-1138	453	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	453	7	nipc	nipc	PROPN
ijosar-1138	453	8	would	would	AUX
ijosar-1138	453	9	help	help	VERB
ijosar-1138	453	10	address	address	VERB
ijosar-1138	453	11	funding	funding	NOUN
ijosar-1138	453	12	shortages	shortage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	453	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	453	14	streamline	streamline	VERB
ijosar-1138	453	15	processes	process	NOUN
ijosar-1138	453	16	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	453	17	while	while	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	453	18	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ijosar-1138	453	19	reforms	reform	NOUN
ijosar-1138	453	20	could	could	AUX
ijosar-1138	453	21	ease	ease	VERB
ijosar-1138	453	22	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
ijosar-1138	453	23	that	that	PRON
ijosar-1138	453	24	hinder	hinder	VERB
ijosar-1138	453	25	export	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	453	26	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	453	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	454	1	finally	finally	ADV
ijosar-1138	454	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	454	3	aligning	align	VERB
ijosar-1138	454	4	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	454	5	afcfta	afcfta	ADJ
ijosar-1138	454	6	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	454	7	would	would	AUX
ijosar-1138	454	8	enhance	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1138	454	9	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	454	10	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
ijosar-1138	454	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	454	12	regional	regional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	454	13	integration	integration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	454	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	455	1	6.3	6.3	NUM
ijosar-1138	455	2	contributions	contribution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	455	3	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	455	4	knowledge	knowledge	VERB
ijosar-1138	455	5	this	this	DET
ijosar-1138	455	6	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	455	7	extends	extend	VERB
ijosar-1138	455	8	literature	literature	NOUN
ijosar-1138	455	9	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	455	10	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	455	11	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	455	12	by	by	ADP
ijosar-1138	455	13	focusing	focus	VERB
ijosar-1138	455	14	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	455	15	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	455	16	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	455	17	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	455	18	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	455	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	456	1	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1138	456	2	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
ijosar-1138	456	3	that	that	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	456	4	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	456	5	visibility	visibility	NOUN
ijosar-1138	456	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	456	7	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	456	8	shape	shape	NOUN
ijosar-1138	456	9	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	456	10	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	456	11	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	456	12	interactions	interaction	NOUN
ijosar-1138	456	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	456	14	confirming	confirm	VERB
ijosar-1138	456	15	brinkerhoff	brinkerhoff	X
ijosar-1138	456	16	’s	’s	PROPN
ijosar-1138	456	17	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	456	18	2008	2008	NUM
ijosar-1138	456	19	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	456	20	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	456	21	scott	scott	PROPN
ijosar-1138	456	22	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	456	23	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	456	24	2014	2014	NUM
ijosar-1138	456	25	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	456	26	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	456	27	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	457	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
ijosar-1138	457	2	previous	previous	ADJ
ijosar-1138	457	3	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	457	4	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	457	5	sme	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	457	6	support	support	NOUN
ijosar-1138	457	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	457	8	ajuwon	ajuwon	VERB
ijosar-1138	457	9	et	et	PROPN
ijosar-1138	457	10	al	al	PROPN
ijosar-1138	457	11	.	.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	457	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	457	13	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	457	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	457	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	457	16	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1138	457	17	shows	show	VERB
ijosar-1138	457	18	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	457	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	457	20	specific	specific	ADJ
ijosar-1138	457	21	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	457	22	are	be	AUX
ijosar-1138	457	23	underutilized	underutilize	VERB
ijosar-1138	457	24	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	457	25	despite	despite	SCONJ
ijosar-1138	457	26	structured	structured	ADJ
ijosar-1138	457	27	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	457	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	458	1	it	it	PRON
ijosar-1138	458	2	also	also	ADV
ijosar-1138	458	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
ijosar-1138	458	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	458	5	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	458	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	458	7	micro	micro	NOUN
ijosar-1138	458	8	-	-	NOUN
ijosar-1138	458	9	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	458	10	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	458	11	afcfta	afcfta	PROPN
ijosar-1138	458	12	markets	market	NOUN
ijosar-1138	458	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	458	14	offering	offer	VERB
ijosar-1138	458	15	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	458	16	foundation	foundation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	458	17	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	458	18	future	future	ADJ
ijosar-1138	458	19	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN
ijosar-1138	458	20	into	into	ADP
ijosar-1138	458	21	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	458	22	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	458	23	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	458	24	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	458	25	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	458	26	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	459	1	references	reference	NOUN
ijosar-1138	459	2	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	459	3	açıkalın	açıkalın	NOUN
ijosar-1138	459	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	459	5	ş	ş	X
ijosar-1138	459	6	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	459	7	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	459	8	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	459	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	459	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	460	1	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	460	2	trust	trust	PROPN
ijosar-1138	460	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	460	4	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	460	5	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	460	6	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	460	7	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ijosar-1138	460	8	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	460	9	turkish	turkish	ADJ
ijosar-1138	460	10	expatriates	expatriate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	460	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	460	12	europe	europe	PROPN
ijosar-1138	460	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	461	1	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	461	2	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	461	3	regional	regional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	461	4	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	461	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	461	6	36(1–2	36(1–2	PROPN
ijosar-1138	461	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	461	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	461	9	105–125	105–125	NUM
ijosar-1138	461	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	462	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2023.2210457	https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2023.2210457	PROPN
ijosar-1138	462	2	abah	abah	PROPN
ijosar-1138	462	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	462	4	e.	e.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	462	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	462	6	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	462	7	okike	okike	ADJ
ijosar-1138	462	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	462	9	o.	o.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	462	10	f.	f.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	462	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	462	12	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	462	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	462	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	463	1	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	463	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	463	3	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	463	4	scale	scale	NOUN
ijosar-1138	463	5	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	463	6	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	463	7	agency	agency	PROPN
ijosar-1138	463	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	463	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	463	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	463	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	463	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	463	13	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	463	14	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	463	15	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	463	16	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	463	17	ebonyi	ebonyi	PROPN
ijosar-1138	463	18	state	state	PROPN
ijosar-1138	463	19	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	463	20	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	463	21	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	463	22	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	463	23	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	463	24	benefiting	benefit	VERB
ijosar-1138	463	25	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	463	26	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	463	27	programmes	programme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	463	28	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	464	1	adedeji	adedeji	NOUN
ijosar-1138	464	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	464	3	a.	a.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	464	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	464	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	464	6	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	464	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	464	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	465	1	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	465	2	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	465	3	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	465	4	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1138	465	5	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	465	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	465	7	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	465	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	465	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	465	10	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
ijosar-1138	465	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	465	12	sub	sub	ADJ
ijosar-1138	465	13	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	465	14	saharan	saharan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	465	15	african	african	ADJ
ijosar-1138	465	16	economies	economy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	465	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	466	1	aikor	aikor	PROPN
ijosar-1138	466	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	466	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	466	4	t.	t.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	466	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	466	6	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	466	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	466	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	467	1	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	467	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	467	3	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	467	4	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	467	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	467	6	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	467	7	):	):	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	467	8	key	key	ADJ
ijosar-1138	467	9	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	467	10	socio	socio	VERB
ijosar-1138	467	11	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	467	12	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	467	13	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	467	14	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	467	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	467	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	468	1	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	468	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	468	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	468	4	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	468	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	468	6	innovation	innovation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	468	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	468	8	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	468	9	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	468	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	468	11	5(12	5(12	NUM
ijosar-1138	468	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	468	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	468	14	866	866	NUM
ijosar-1138	468	15	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	468	16	872	872	NUM
ijosar-1138	468	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	469	1	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	469	2	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	469	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	469	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	470	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	470	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	470	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	471	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	471	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	471	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	472	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	472	2	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	PROPN
ijosar-1138	472	3	143	143	PROPN
ijosar-1138	472	4	https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2023.2210457	https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2023.2210457	PROPN
ijosar-1138	472	5	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	472	6	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	472	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	472	8	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	472	9	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	472	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	472	11	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	472	12	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	472	13	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	472	14	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	472	15	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	472	16	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	472	17	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	472	18	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	472	19	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	472	20	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	472	21	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	472	22	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	472	23	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	472	24	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	472	25	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	472	26	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	473	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	473	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	473	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	473	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	473	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	473	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	473	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	473	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	474	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	474	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	474	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	474	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	474	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	474	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	474	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	474	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	474	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	474	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	474	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	19	ajuwon	ajuwon	VERB
ijosar-1138	474	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	21	o.	o.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	22	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	23	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	24	ajayi	ajayi	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	25	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	26	e.	e.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	27	f.	f.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	28	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	29	oshagale	oshagale	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	30	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	31	g.	g.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	32	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	33	olagunju	olagunju	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	34	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	35	b.	b.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	36	o.	o.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	37	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	38	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	474	39	fakayode	fakayode	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	40	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	41	r.	r.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	42	y.	y.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	474	43	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	44	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	474	45	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	474	46	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	475	1	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	475	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	475	3	constraining	constrain	VERB
ijosar-1138	475	4	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	475	5	productivity	productivity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	475	6	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	475	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	475	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	475	9	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	476	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	476	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	476	3	smart	smart	ADJ
ijosar-1138	476	4	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	476	5	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	476	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	476	7	9(3	9(3	NUM
ijosar-1138	476	8	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	476	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	476	10	1	1	NUM
ijosar-1138	476	11	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	476	12	17	17	NUM
ijosar-1138	476	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	477	1	akpuokwe	akpuokwe	NOUN
ijosar-1138	477	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	477	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	477	4	u.	u.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	477	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	477	6	chikwe	chikwe	PROPN
ijosar-1138	477	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	477	8	c.	c.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	477	9	f.	f.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	477	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	477	11	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	477	12	eneh	eneh	PROPN
ijosar-1138	477	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	477	14	n.	n.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	477	15	e.	e.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	478	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	478	2	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	478	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	478	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	479	1	leveraging	leverage	VERB
ijosar-1138	479	2	technology	technology	NOUN
ijosar-1138	479	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	479	4	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	479	5	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	479	6	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	479	7	women	woman	NOUN
ijosar-1138	479	8	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	479	9	empowerment	empowerment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	479	10	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	479	11	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	479	12	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	479	13	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	479	14	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
ijosar-1138	479	15	framework	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	479	16	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	479	17	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	479	18	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	479	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	480	1	global	global	ADJ
ijosar-1138	480	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	480	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	480	4	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ijosar-1138	480	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	480	6	technology	technology	NOUN
ijosar-1138	480	7	advances	advance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	480	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	480	9	18(3	18(3	NUM
ijosar-1138	480	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	480	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	480	12	020	020	NUM
ijosar-1138	480	13	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	480	14	032	032	NUM
ijosar-1138	480	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	481	1	anandene	anandene	NOUN
ijosar-1138	481	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	481	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	481	4	a.	a.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	481	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	481	6	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	481	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	481	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	482	1	african	african	ADJ
ijosar-1138	482	2	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	482	3	investors	investor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	482	4	experiences	experience	VERB
ijosar-1138	482	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	482	6	ghana‟	ghana‟	PROPN
ijosar-1138	482	7	s	s	PART
ijosar-1138	482	8	hospitality	hospitality	NOUN
ijosar-1138	482	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	482	10	tourism	tourism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	482	11	industry	industry	NOUN
ijosar-1138	482	12	university	university	PROPN
ijosar-1138	482	13	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	482	14	cape	cape	PROPN
ijosar-1138	482	15	coast	coast	PROPN
ijosar-1138	482	16	]	]	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	482	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	483	1	ayakwah	ayakwah	PROPN
ijosar-1138	483	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	483	3	a.	a.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	483	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	483	5	sepulveda	sepulveda	PROPN
ijosar-1138	483	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	483	7	l.	l.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	483	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	483	9	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	483	10	lyon	lyon	PROPN
ijosar-1138	483	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	483	12	f.	f.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	483	13	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	483	14	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	483	15	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	483	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	484	1	returning	return	VERB
ijosar-1138	484	2	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	484	3	drive	drive	VERB
ijosar-1138	484	4	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	484	5	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	484	6	exports	export	NOUN
ijosar-1138	484	7	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	484	8	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	484	9	entrepreneurs	entrepreneur	NOUN
ijosar-1138	484	10	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	484	11	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ijosar-1138	484	12	's	's	PART
ijosar-1138	484	13	fruit	fruit	NOUN
ijosar-1138	484	14	processing	processing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	484	15	clusters	cluster	NOUN
ijosar-1138	484	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	485	1	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	485	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	485	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	485	4	management	management	NOUN
ijosar-1138	485	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	485	6	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	485	7	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	485	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	485	9	19(3	19(3	NUM
ijosar-1138	485	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	485	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	485	12	273	273	NUM
ijosar-1138	485	13	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	485	14	291	291	NUM
ijosar-1138	485	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	486	1	brinkerhoff	brinkerhoff	PROPN
ijosar-1138	486	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	486	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	486	4	m.	m.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	486	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	486	6	2009	2009	NUM
ijosar-1138	486	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	486	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	487	1	digital	digital	PROPN
ijosar-1138	487	2	diasporas	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	487	3	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	487	4	identity	identity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	487	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	487	6	transnational	transnational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	487	7	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	487	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	488	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
ijosar-1138	488	2	university	university	PROPN
ijosar-1138	488	3	press	press	NOUN
ijosar-1138	488	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	489	1	chen	chen	PROPN
ijosar-1138	489	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	489	3	x.	x.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	489	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	489	5	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	489	6	sanford	sanford	PROPN
ijosar-1138	489	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	489	8	b.	b.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	489	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	489	10	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	489	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	489	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	490	1	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	490	2	organizations	organization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	490	3	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	490	4	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	490	5	philanthropy	philanthropy	VERB
ijosar-1138	490	6	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	490	7	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	490	8	systematic	systematic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	490	9	literature	literature	PROPN
ijosar-1138	490	10	review	review	PROPN
ijosar-1138	490	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	491	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	491	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	491	3	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	491	4	migration	migration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	491	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	491	6	integration	integration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	491	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	491	8	25(3	25(3	NUM
ijosar-1138	491	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	491	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	491	11	1275	1275	NUM
ijosar-1138	491	12	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	491	13	1298	1298	NUM
ijosar-1138	491	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	492	1	creswell	creswell	PROPN
ijosar-1138	492	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	492	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	492	4	w.	w.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	492	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	492	6	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	492	7	creswell	creswell	PROPN
ijosar-1138	492	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	492	9	j.	j.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	492	10	d.	d.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	492	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	492	12	2017	2017	NUM
ijosar-1138	492	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	492	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	493	1	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	493	2	design	design	PROPN
ijosar-1138	493	3	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	493	4	qualitative	qualitative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	493	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	493	6	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	493	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	493	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	493	9	mixed	mixed	ADJ
ijosar-1138	493	10	methods	method	NOUN
ijosar-1138	493	11	approaches	approach	NOUN
ijosar-1138	493	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	494	1	sage	sage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	494	2	publications	publication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	494	3	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	495	1	didia	didia	NOUN
ijosar-1138	495	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	495	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	495	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	495	5	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	495	6	tahir	tahir	PROPN
ijosar-1138	495	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	495	8	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	495	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	495	10	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1138	495	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	495	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	496	1	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ijosar-1138	496	2	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	496	3	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	496	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	496	5	government	government	NOUN
ijosar-1138	496	6	revenue	revenue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	496	7	generation	generation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	496	8	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	496	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	496	10	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	496	11	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	496	12	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	496	13	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	496	14	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	496	15	remittances	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	496	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	497	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	497	2	review	review	NOUN
ijosar-1138	497	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	497	4	black	black	ADJ
ijosar-1138	497	5	political	political	ADJ
ijosar-1138	497	6	economy	economy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	497	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	497	8	49(2	49(2	NUM
ijosar-1138	497	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	497	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	497	11	175	175	NUM
ijosar-1138	497	12	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	497	13	202	202	NUM
ijosar-1138	497	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	498	1	dimaggio	dimaggio	PROPN
ijosar-1138	498	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	498	3	p.	p.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	498	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	498	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	498	6	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	498	7	powell	powell	PROPN
ijosar-1138	498	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	498	9	w.	w.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	498	10	w.	w.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	498	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	498	12	1983	1983	NUM
ijosar-1138	498	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	498	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	499	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	499	2	iron	iron	NOUN
ijosar-1138	499	3	cage	cage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	499	4	revisited	revisit	VERB
ijosar-1138	499	5	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	499	6	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	499	7	isomorphism	isomorphism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	499	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	499	9	collective	collective	ADJ
ijosar-1138	499	10	rationality	rationality	NOUN
ijosar-1138	499	11	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	499	12	organizational	organizational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	499	13	fields	field	NOUN
ijosar-1138	499	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	500	1	american	american	ADJ
ijosar-1138	500	2	sociological	sociological	PROPN
ijosar-1138	500	3	review	review	PROPN
ijosar-1138	500	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	500	5	48(2	48(2	NUM
ijosar-1138	500	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	500	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	500	8	147–160	147–160	NUM
ijosar-1138	500	9	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	501	1	https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101	https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101	NOUN
ijosar-1138	501	2	douw	douw	NOUN
ijosar-1138	501	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	501	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	501	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	501	6	lee	lee	PROPN
ijosar-1138	501	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	501	8	k.	k.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	501	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	501	10	tarnovski	tarnovski	PROPN
ijosar-1138	501	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	501	12	r.	r.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	501	13	l.	l.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	501	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	501	15	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	501	16	sen	sen	PROPN
ijosar-1138	501	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	501	18	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	501	19	k.	k.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	501	20	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	501	21	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	501	22	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	501	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	502	1	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	502	2	trade	trade	NOUN
ijosar-1138	502	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	502	4	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	502	5	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	503	1	etim	etim	PROPN
ijosar-1138	503	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	503	3	e.	e.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	503	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	503	5	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	503	6	daramola	daramola	PROPN
ijosar-1138	503	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	503	8	o.	o.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	503	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	503	10	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	503	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	503	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	504	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	504	2	informal	informal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	504	3	sector	sector	NOUN
ijosar-1138	504	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	504	5	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	504	6	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	504	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	504	8	south	south	PROPN
ijosar-1138	504	9	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	504	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	504	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	504	12	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	504	13	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	504	14	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	504	15	systematic	systematic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	504	16	review	review	NOUN
ijosar-1138	504	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	505	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	505	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	505	3	open	open	ADJ
ijosar-1138	505	4	innovation	innovation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	505	5	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	505	6	technology	technology	NOUN
ijosar-1138	505	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	505	8	market	market	NOUN
ijosar-1138	505	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	505	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	505	11	complexity	complexity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	505	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	505	13	6(4	6(4	NUM
ijosar-1138	505	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	505	15	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	505	16	134	134	NUM
ijosar-1138	505	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	506	1	frederick	frederick	PROPN
ijosar-1138	506	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	506	3	b.	b.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	506	4	i.	i.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	506	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	506	6	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	506	7	moradeke	moradeke	ADV
ijosar-1138	506	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	506	9	o.	o.	NOUN
ijosar-1138	506	10	o.	o.	NOUN
ijosar-1138	506	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	506	12	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	506	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	506	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	507	1	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	507	2	remittances	remittance	VERB
ijosar-1138	507	3	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	507	4	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	507	5	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	507	6	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ijosar-1138	507	7	economy	economy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	507	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	508	1	editorial	editorial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	508	2	committee	committee	NOUN
ijosar-1138	508	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	508	4	196	196	NUM
ijosar-1138	508	5	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	509	1	garba	garba	PROPN
ijosar-1138	509	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	509	3	a.	a.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	509	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	509	5	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	509	6	ahmed	ahmed	PROPN
ijosar-1138	509	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	509	8	h.	h.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	509	9	g.	g.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	509	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	509	11	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	509	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	509	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	510	1	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	510	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	510	3	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	510	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	510	5	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	510	6	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	510	7	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	510	8	agency	agency	PROPN
ijosar-1138	510	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	510	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	510	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	510	12	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	510	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	510	14	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	510	15	women	woman	NOUN
ijosar-1138	510	16	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	510	17	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	510	18	gombe	gombe	ADJ
ijosar-1138	510	19	main	main	ADJ
ijosar-1138	510	20	market	market	NOUN
ijosar-1138	510	21	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	510	22	areview	areview	NOUN
ijosar-1138	510	23	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	511	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	511	2	homepage	homepage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	511	3	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	511	4	https://gjrpublication	https://gjrpublication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	511	5	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	511	6	com	com	NOUN
ijosar-1138	511	7	/	/	SYM
ijosar-1138	511	8	gjrbm	gjrbm	NOUN
ijosar-1138	511	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	511	10	4(06	4(06	NUM
ijosar-1138	511	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	511	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	512	1	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	512	2	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	512	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	512	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	513	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	513	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	513	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	514	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	514	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	514	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	514	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	514	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	514	6	144	144	NUM
ijosar-1138	514	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	514	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	514	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	514	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	514	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	514	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	514	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	514	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	514	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	514	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	514	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	514	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	514	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	514	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	514	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	514	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	514	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	514	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	514	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	514	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	514	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	514	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	515	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	516	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	516	2	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	516	3	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	516	4	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	516	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	516	6	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	516	7	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	517	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	517	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	517	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	517	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	517	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	517	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	517	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	517	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	517	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	517	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	517	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	517	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	517	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	517	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	517	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	517	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	517	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	517	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	517	19	gelb	gelb	NOUN
ijosar-1138	517	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	517	21	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	517	22	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	517	23	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	517	24	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	517	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	518	1	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	518	2	resource	resource	NOUN
ijosar-1138	518	3	flows	flow	VERB
ijosar-1138	518	4	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	518	5	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	518	6	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
ijosar-1138	518	7	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	518	8	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	518	9	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	518	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	519	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	519	2	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	519	3	elgar	elgar	PROPN
ijosar-1138	519	4	companion	companion	NOUN
ijosar-1138	519	5	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	519	6	migration	migration	NOUN
ijosar-1138	519	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	519	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	519	9	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	519	10	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	519	11	goals	goal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	519	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	519	13	pp	pp	ADJ
ijosar-1138	519	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	519	15	214229	214229	NUM
ijosar-1138	519	16	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	519	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	520	1	edward	edward	PROPN
ijosar-1138	520	2	elgar	elgar	PROPN
ijosar-1138	520	3	publishing	publishing	PROPN
ijosar-1138	520	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	521	1	gelb	gelb	PROPN
ijosar-1138	521	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	521	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	521	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	521	5	kalantaryan	kalantaryan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	521	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	521	7	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	521	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	521	9	mcmahon	mcmahon	PROPN
ijosar-1138	521	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	521	11	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	521	12	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	521	13	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	521	14	perez	perez	PROPN
ijosar-1138	521	15	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	521	16	fernandez	fernandez	PROPN
ijosar-1138	521	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	521	18	m.	m.	NOUN
ijosar-1138	521	19	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	521	20	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	521	21	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	521	22	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	522	1	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	522	2	finance	finance	PROPN
ijosar-1138	522	3	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	522	4	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	522	5	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	522	6	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	522	7	remittances	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	522	8	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	522	9	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	522	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	523	1	publications	publication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	523	2	office	office	NOUN
ijosar-1138	523	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	523	4	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	523	5	european	european	PROPN
ijosar-1138	523	6	union	union	PROPN
ijosar-1138	523	7	luxembourg	luxembourg	PROPN
ijosar-1138	523	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	524	1	gumel	gumel	PROPN
ijosar-1138	524	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	524	3	b.	b.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	524	4	i.	i.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	524	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	524	6	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	524	7	bardai	bardai	PROPN
ijosar-1138	524	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	524	9	b.	b.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	524	10	b.	b.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	524	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	524	12	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	524	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	524	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	525	1	critical	critical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	525	2	success	success	NOUN
ijosar-1138	525	3	factors	factor	NOUN
ijosar-1138	525	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	525	5	csfs	csfs	NOUN
ijosar-1138	525	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	525	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	525	8	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	525	9	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	525	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	525	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	525	12	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	525	13	mediating	mediating	NOUN
ijosar-1138	525	14	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	525	15	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	525	16	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	525	17	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ijosar-1138	525	18	between	between	ADP
ijosar-1138	525	19	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	525	20	csfs	csfs	ADJ
ijosar-1138	525	21	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	525	22	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	525	23	'	'	PART
ijosar-1138	525	24	success	success	NOUN
ijosar-1138	525	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	526	1	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	526	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	526	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	526	4	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	526	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	526	6	economics	economic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	526	7	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	526	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	527	1	idehen	idehen	ADV
ijosar-1138	527	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	527	3	v.	v.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	527	4	a.	a.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	527	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	527	6	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	527	7	akhator	akhator	PROPN
ijosar-1138	527	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	527	9	k.	k.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	527	10	i.	i.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	527	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	527	12	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	527	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	527	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	528	1	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	528	2	remittances	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	528	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	528	4	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	528	5	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	528	6	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	528	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	528	8	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	528	9	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	528	10	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	528	11	benin	benin	PROPN
ijosar-1138	528	12	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	528	13	city	city	NOUN
ijosar-1138	528	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	528	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	528	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	529	1	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	529	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	529	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	529	4	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	529	5	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	529	6	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	529	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	529	8	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	529	9	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	529	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	529	11	10(4	10(4	NUM
ijosar-1138	529	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	529	13	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	529	14	67	67	NUM
ijosar-1138	529	15	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	529	16	74	74	NUM
ijosar-1138	529	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	530	1	joseph	joseph	PROPN
ijosar-1138	530	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	530	3	w.	w.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	530	4	c.	c.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	530	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	530	6	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	530	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	530	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	531	1	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	531	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	531	3	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	531	4	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	531	5	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	531	6	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	531	7	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	531	8	upswing	upswing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	531	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	531	10	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	531	11	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	531	12	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	531	13	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	531	14	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	531	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	531	16	i̇stanbul	i̇stanbul	PROPN
ijosar-1138	531	17	gelişimüniversitesilisansüstüeğitim	gelişimüniversitesilisansüstüeğitim	PROPN
ijosar-1138	531	18	enstitüsü	enstitüsü	PROPN
ijosar-1138	531	19	]	]	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	531	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	532	1	kaushik	kaushik	PROPN
ijosar-1138	532	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	532	3	v.	v.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	532	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	532	5	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	532	6	walsh	walsh	PROPN
ijosar-1138	532	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	532	8	c.	c.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	532	9	a.	a.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	532	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	532	11	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1138	532	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	532	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	533	1	pragmatism	pragmatism	NOUN
ijosar-1138	533	2	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	533	3	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	533	4	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	533	5	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
ijosar-1138	533	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	533	7	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	533	8	implications	implication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	533	9	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	533	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	533	11	work	work	NOUN
ijosar-1138	533	12	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	533	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	534	1	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	534	2	sciences	sciences	PROPN
ijosar-1138	534	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	534	4	8(9	8(9	NUM
ijosar-1138	534	5	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	534	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	534	7	255	255	NUM
ijosar-1138	534	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	535	1	kumar	kumar	PROPN
ijosar-1138	535	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	535	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	535	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	535	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	535	6	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	535	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	535	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	536	1	india	india	PROPN
ijosar-1138	536	2	's	's	PART
ijosar-1138	536	3	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ijosar-1138	536	4	with	with	ADP
ijosar-1138	536	5	its	its	PRON
ijosar-1138	536	6	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	536	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	536	8	southeast	southeast	PROPN
ijosar-1138	536	9	asia	asia	PROPN
ijosar-1138	536	10	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	536	11	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	536	12	neglected	neglect	VERB
ijosar-1138	536	13	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	536	14	?	?	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	537	1	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	537	2	asean	asean	PROPN
ijosar-1138	537	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	537	4	india	india	PROPN
ijosar-1138	537	5	–	–	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	537	6	asean	asean	PROPN
ijosar-1138	537	7	relations	relation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	537	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	537	9	pp	pp	ADJ
ijosar-1138	537	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	537	11	209	209	NUM
ijosar-1138	537	12	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	537	13	223	223	NUM
ijosar-1138	537	14	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	537	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	538	1	routledge	routledge	PROPN
ijosar-1138	538	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	539	1	kumar	kumar	PROPN
ijosar-1138	539	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	539	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	539	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	539	5	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	539	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	539	7	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	540	1	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	540	2	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	540	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	540	4	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	540	5	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	540	6	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	540	7	insights	insight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	540	8	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	540	9	india	india	PROPN
ijosar-1138	540	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	540	11	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	540	12	philippines	philippine	NOUN
ijosar-1138	540	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	541	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	541	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	541	3	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	541	4	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	541	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	541	6	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	541	7	studies	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	541	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	541	9	12(3	12(3	NUM
ijosar-1138	541	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	541	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	541	12	55–74	55–74	NUM
ijosar-1138	541	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	542	1	kumar	kumar	PROPN
ijosar-1138	542	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	542	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	542	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	542	5	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	542	6	khan	khan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	542	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	542	8	a.	a.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	542	9	k.	k.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	542	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	542	11	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	542	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	542	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	543	1	supply	supply	NOUN
ijosar-1138	543	2	chain	chain	NOUN
ijosar-1138	543	3	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
ijosar-1138	543	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	543	5	sdg	sdg	NOUN
ijosar-1138	543	6	compliance	compliance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	543	7	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	543	8	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	543	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	543	10	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	543	11	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	543	12	agro	agro	NOUN
ijosar-1138	543	13	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	543	14	based	base	VERB
ijosar-1138	543	15	industries	industry	NOUN
ijosar-1138	543	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	544	1	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ijosar-1138	544	2	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	544	3	goals	goal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	544	4	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	544	5	business	business	NOUN
ijosar-1138	544	6	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
ijosar-1138	544	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	544	8	442	442	NUM
ijosar-1138	544	9	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	545	1	lukonga	lukonga	PROPN
ijosar-1138	545	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	545	3	i.	i.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	545	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	545	5	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	545	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	545	7	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	546	1	harnessing	harness	VERB
ijosar-1138	546	2	digital	digital	ADJ
ijosar-1138	546	3	technologies	technology	NOUN
ijosar-1138	546	4	to	to	PART
ijosar-1138	546	5	promote	promote	VERB
ijosar-1138	546	6	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	546	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	546	8	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	546	9	menap	menap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	546	10	region	region	NOUN
ijosar-1138	546	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	547	1	mamo	mamo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	547	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	547	3	b.	b.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	547	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	547	5	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	547	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	547	7	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	548	1	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	548	2	environments	environment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	548	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	548	4	investment	investment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	548	5	flows	flow	NOUN
ijosar-1138	548	6	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	548	7	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	548	8	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	548	9	revisiting	revisit	VERB
ijosar-1138	548	10	governance	governance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	548	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	548	12	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	548	13	linkages	linkage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	548	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	549	1	african	african	ADJ
ijosar-1138	549	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	549	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	549	4	economic	economic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	549	5	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	549	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	549	7	27(1	27(1	NUM
ijosar-1138	549	8	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	549	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	549	10	45–67	45–67	NUM
ijosar-1138	549	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	550	1	meyer	meyer	PROPN
ijosar-1138	550	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	550	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	550	4	w.	w.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	550	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	550	6	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	550	7	rowan	rowan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	550	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	550	9	b.	b.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	550	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	550	11	1977	1977	NUM
ijosar-1138	550	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	550	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	551	1	institutionalized	institutionalize	VERB
ijosar-1138	551	2	organizations	organization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	551	3	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	551	4	formal	formal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	551	5	structure	structure	NOUN
ijosar-1138	551	6	as	as	ADP
ijosar-1138	551	7	myth	myth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	551	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	551	9	ceremony	ceremony	NOUN
ijosar-1138	551	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	552	1	american	american	ADJ
ijosar-1138	552	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	552	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	552	4	sociology	sociology	NOUN
ijosar-1138	552	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	552	6	83(2	83(2	NUM
ijosar-1138	552	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	552	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	552	9	340–363	340–363	NUM
ijosar-1138	552	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	553	1	https://doi.org/10.1086/226550	https://doi.org/10.1086/226550	PROPN
ijosar-1138	554	1	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	554	2	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	554	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	554	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	555	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	555	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	555	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	556	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	556	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	556	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	557	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	557	2	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	557	3	145	145	NUM
ijosar-1138	557	4	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	557	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	557	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	557	7	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	557	8	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	557	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	557	10	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	557	11	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	557	12	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	557	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	557	14	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	557	15	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	557	16	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	557	17	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	557	18	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	557	19	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	557	20	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	557	21	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	557	22	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	557	23	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	557	24	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	557	25	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	558	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	558	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	558	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	558	4	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	558	5	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	558	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	558	7	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	558	8	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	559	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	559	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	559	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	559	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	559	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	559	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	559	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	559	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	559	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	559	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	559	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	559	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	559	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	559	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	559	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	559	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	559	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	559	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	559	19	moroi	moroi	NOUN
ijosar-1138	559	20	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	559	21	t.	t.	NOUN
ijosar-1138	559	22	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	559	23	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	559	24	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	559	25	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	560	1	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	560	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	560	3	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	560	4	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	560	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	560	6	philosophical	philosophical	ADJ
ijosar-1138	560	7	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
ijosar-1138	560	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	561	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	561	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	561	3	bunkyo	bunkyo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	561	4	gakuin	gakuin	PROPN
ijosar-1138	561	5	university	university	PROPN
ijosar-1138	561	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	561	7	department	department	NOUN
ijosar-1138	561	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	561	9	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ijosar-1138	561	10	languages	language	NOUN
ijosar-1138	561	11	/	/	SYM
ijosar-1138	561	12	文京学院大学総合研究所編(20	文京学院大学総合研究所編(20	NOUN
ijosar-1138	561	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	561	14	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	561	15	127	127	NUM
ijosar-1138	561	16	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	561	17	132	132	NUM
ijosar-1138	561	18	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	562	1	nor	nor	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	562	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	562	3	a.	a.	NOUN
ijosar-1138	562	4	i.	i.	NOUN
ijosar-1138	562	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	562	6	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	562	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	562	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	563	1	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	563	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	563	3	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	563	4	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	563	5	sized	sized	ADJ
ijosar-1138	563	6	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	563	7	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	563	8	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	563	9	tool	tool	NOUN
ijosar-1138	563	10	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	563	11	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	563	12	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	563	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	564	1	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	564	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	564	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	564	4	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ijosar-1138	564	5	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	564	6	applied	apply	VERB
ijosar-1138	564	7	sciences	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	564	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	564	9	11(12	11(12	NUM
ijosar-1138	564	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	564	11	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	564	12	116	116	NUM
ijosar-1138	564	13	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	564	14	128	128	NUM
ijosar-1138	564	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	565	1	ojapinwa	ojapinwa	ADJ
ijosar-1138	565	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	565	3	t.	t.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	565	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	565	5	2022	2022	NUM
ijosar-1138	565	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	565	7	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	566	1	effect	effect	NOUN
ijosar-1138	566	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	566	3	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ijosar-1138	566	4	remittances	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	566	5	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	566	6	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	566	7	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	566	8	scale	scale	NOUN
ijosar-1138	566	9	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	566	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	566	11	smes	sme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	566	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	566	13	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	566	14	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	566	15	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	567	1	udsm	udsm	PROPN
ijosar-1138	567	2	online	online	PROPN
ijosar-1138	567	3	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	567	4	testing	testing	NOUN
ijosar-1138	567	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	567	6	12(1	12(1	NUM
ijosar-1138	567	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	567	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	567	9	47	47	NUM
ijosar-1138	567	10	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	567	11	63	63	NUM
ijosar-1138	567	12	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	568	1	ojiba	ojiba	PROPN
ijosar-1138	568	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	568	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	568	4	v.	v.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	568	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	568	6	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	568	7	olotu	olotu	PROPN
ijosar-1138	568	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	568	9	o.	o.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	568	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	568	11	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	568	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	568	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	569	1	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	569	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	569	3	basic	basic	ADJ
ijosar-1138	569	4	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
ijosar-1138	569	5	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	569	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	569	7	survival	survival	NOUN
ijosar-1138	569	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	569	9	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	569	10	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	569	11	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	569	12	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	569	13	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	569	14	north	north	NOUN
ijosar-1138	569	15	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	569	16	central	central	ADJ
ijosar-1138	569	17	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	569	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	569	19	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	570	1	ojo	ojo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	570	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	570	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	570	4	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	570	5	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	570	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	570	7	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	571	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	571	2	impact	impact	NOUN
ijosar-1138	571	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	571	4	non	non	ADJ
ijosar-1138	571	5	-	-	ADJ
ijosar-1138	571	6	financial	financial	ADJ
ijosar-1138	571	7	remittances	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	571	8	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	571	9	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	571	10	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	571	11	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	571	12	developing	develop	VERB
ijosar-1138	571	13	countries	country	NOUN
ijosar-1138	571	14	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	571	15	africa	africa	PROPN
ijosar-1138	571	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	572	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	572	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	572	3	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ijosar-1138	572	4	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	572	5	management	management	NOUN
ijosar-1138	572	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	572	7	26(2	26(2	NUM
ijosar-1138	572	8	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	572	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	572	10	196	196	NUM
ijosar-1138	572	11	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	572	12	218	218	NUM
ijosar-1138	572	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	573	1	onyekwelu	onyekwelu	NOUN
ijosar-1138	573	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	573	3	n.	n.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	573	4	p.	p.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	573	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	573	6	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	573	7	oyeogubalu	oyeogubalu	NOUN
ijosar-1138	573	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	573	9	o.	o.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	573	10	n.	n.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	573	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	573	12	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	573	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	573	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	574	1	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
ijosar-1138	574	2	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	574	3	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	574	4	employment	employment	NOUN
ijosar-1138	574	5	generation	generation	NOUN
ijosar-1138	574	6	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	574	7	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	574	8	micro	micro	NOUN
ijosar-1138	574	9	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	574	10	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	574	11	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	574	12	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	574	13	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	574	14	perspective	perspective	VERB
ijosar-1138	574	15	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	574	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	574	17	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	575	1	international	international	ADJ
ijosar-1138	575	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	575	3	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	575	4	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ijosar-1138	575	5	applied	apply	VERB
ijosar-1138	575	6	researches	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	575	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	575	8	7(5	7(5	NUM
ijosar-1138	575	9	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	575	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	575	11	26	26	NUM
ijosar-1138	575	12	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	575	13	40	40	NUM
ijosar-1138	575	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	576	1	pwc	pwc	PROPN
ijosar-1138	576	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	577	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	577	2	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	577	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	577	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	578	1	msme	msme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	578	2	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	578	3	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	578	4	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	578	5	building	build	VERB
ijosar-1138	578	6	resilience	resilience	NOUN
ijosar-1138	578	7	–	–	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	578	8	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	578	9	for	for	ADP
ijosar-1138	578	10	msme	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	578	11	success	success	NOUN
ijosar-1138	578	12	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	578	13	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	578	14	changing	change	VERB
ijosar-1138	578	15	landscape	landscape	NOUN
ijosar-1138	578	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	579	1	https://www.pwc.com/ng/en/assets/pdf/pwc-msme-surveyreport-2024.pdf	https://www.pwc.com/ng/en/assets/pdf/pwc-msme-surveyreport-2024.pdf	PROPN
ijosar-1138	579	2	rodrigues	rodrigues	PROPN
ijosar-1138	579	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	579	4	r.	r.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	579	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	579	6	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	579	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	579	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	580	1	legal	legal	ADJ
ijosar-1138	580	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	580	3	human	human	ADJ
ijosar-1138	580	4	rights	right	NOUN
ijosar-1138	580	5	issues	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	580	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	580	7	ai	ai	NOUN
ijosar-1138	580	8	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	580	9	gaps	gap	NOUN
ijosar-1138	580	10	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	580	11	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ijosar-1138	580	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	580	13	vulnerabilities	vulnerability	NOUN
ijosar-1138	580	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	581	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	581	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	581	3	responsible	responsible	ADJ
ijosar-1138	581	4	technology	technology	NOUN
ijosar-1138	581	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	581	6	4	4	NUM
ijosar-1138	581	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	581	8	100005	100005	NUM
ijosar-1138	581	9	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	582	1	sataloff	sataloff	PROPN
ijosar-1138	582	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	582	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	582	4	t.	t.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	582	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	582	6	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	582	7	vontela	vontela	PROPN
ijosar-1138	582	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	582	9	s.	s.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	582	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	582	11	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	582	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	582	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	583	1	response	response	NOUN
ijosar-1138	583	2	rates	rate	NOUN
ijosar-1138	583	3	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	583	4	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	583	5	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	583	6	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	584	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ijosar-1138	584	2	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	584	3	voice	voice	NOUN
ijosar-1138	584	4	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	584	5	35(5	35(5	NUM
ijosar-1138	584	6	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	584	7	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	584	8	683	683	NUM
ijosar-1138	584	9	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	584	10	684	684	NUM
ijosar-1138	584	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	585	1	scott	scott	PROPN
ijosar-1138	585	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	585	3	w.	w.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	585	4	r.	r.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	585	5	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	585	6	2014	2014	NUM
ijosar-1138	585	7	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	585	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	586	1	institutions	institution	NOUN
ijosar-1138	586	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	586	3	organizations	organization	NOUN
ijosar-1138	586	4	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	586	5	ideas	idea	NOUN
ijosar-1138	586	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	586	7	interests	interest	NOUN
ijosar-1138	586	8	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	586	9	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	586	10	identities	identity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	586	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	586	12	4th	4th	ADJ
ijosar-1138	586	13	ed	ed	NOUN
ijosar-1138	586	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	586	15	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	586	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	587	1	thousand	thousand	NUM
ijosar-1138	587	2	oaks	oak	NOUN
ijosar-1138	587	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	587	4	ca	can	AUX
ijosar-1138	587	5	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	587	6	sage	sage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	587	7	publications	publication	NOUN
ijosar-1138	587	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	588	1	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	588	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	588	3	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	588	4	national	national	PROPN
ijosar-1138	588	5	bureau	bureau	PROPN
ijosar-1138	588	6	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	588	7	statistics	statistic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	588	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	588	9	nbs	nbs	PROPN
ijosar-1138	588	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	588	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	589	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	589	2	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	589	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	589	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	590	1	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	590	2	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	590	3	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	590	4	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	590	5	micro	micro	PROPN
ijosar-1138	590	6	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	590	7	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	590	8	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	590	9	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	590	10	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	590	11	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	590	12	msmes	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	590	13	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	590	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	591	1	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	591	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	591	3	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	591	4	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	591	5	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	591	6	agency	agency	PROPN
ijosar-1138	591	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	591	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	591	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	591	10	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	591	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	591	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	591	13	national	national	PROPN
ijosar-1138	591	14	bureau	bureau	PROPN
ijosar-1138	591	15	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	591	16	statistics	statistic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	591	17	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	591	18	nbs	nbs	PROPN
ijosar-1138	591	19	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	591	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	592	1	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	592	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	593	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	593	2	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	593	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	593	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	594	1	national	national	ADJ
ijosar-1138	594	2	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	594	3	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	594	4	micro	micro	PROPN
ijosar-1138	594	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	594	6	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	594	7	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	594	8	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	594	9	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	594	10	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	594	11	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	594	12	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	594	13	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	594	14	edition	edition	NOUN
ijosar-1138	594	15	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	594	16	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	595	1	abuja	abuja	PROPN
ijosar-1138	595	2	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	595	3	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	595	4	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	595	5	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	595	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	595	7	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	595	8	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	595	9	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	595	10	agency	agency	PROPN
ijosar-1138	595	11	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	595	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	595	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	596	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ijosar-1138	596	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	596	3	https://smedan.gov.ng/publications/	https://smedan.gov.ng/publications/	PROPN
ijosar-1138	596	4	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	596	5	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	597	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	597	2	2003	2003	NUM
ijosar-1138	597	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	597	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	598	1	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	598	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	598	3	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	598	4	scale	scale	NOUN
ijosar-1138	598	5	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	598	6	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	598	7	agency	agency	PROPN
ijosar-1138	598	8	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	598	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	598	10	act	act	PROPN
ijosar-1138	598	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	599	1	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	599	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	599	3	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	599	4	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	599	5	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	599	6	agency	agency	PROPN
ijosar-1138	599	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	599	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	599	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	599	10	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	599	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	599	12	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	599	13	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	599	14	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	599	15	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	600	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	600	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	600	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	601	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	601	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	601	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	601	4	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	601	5	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	601	6	146	146	NUM
ijosar-1138	601	7	ijointernational	ijointernational	ADJ
ijosar-1138	601	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	601	9	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	601	10	social	social	ADJ
ijosar-1138	601	11	science	science	NOUN
ijosar-1138	601	12	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	601	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ijosar-1138	601	14	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	601	15	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	601	16	issn	issn	PROPN
ijosar-1138	601	17	2811	2811	NUM
ijosar-1138	601	18	-	-	SYM
ijosar-1138	601	19	2466	2466	NUM
ijosar-1138	601	20	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	601	21	nweke	nweke	NOUN
ijosar-1138	601	22	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	601	23	love	love	NOUN
ijosar-1138	601	24	henry1	henry1	NOUN
ijosar-1138	601	25	*	*	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	601	26	https://ijojournals.com/	https://ijojournals.com/	NOUN
ijosar-1138	601	27	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	601	28	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	602	1	||	||	PROPN
ijosar-1138	603	1	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	603	2	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	603	3	||	||	NOUN
ijosar-1138	603	4	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	603	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	603	6	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	603	7	||	||	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	604	1	“	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	604	2	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
ijosar-1138	604	3	capital	capital	NOUN
ijosar-1138	604	4	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	604	5	sme	sme	PROPN
ijosar-1138	604	6	development	development	PROPN
ijosar-1138	604	7	in	in	ADP
ijosar-1138	604	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	604	9	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	604	10	assessing	assess	VERB
ijosar-1138	604	11	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	604	12	’s	’s	PART
ijosar-1138	604	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ijosar-1138	604	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ijosar-1138	604	15	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	604	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ijosar-1138	604	17	role	role	NOUN
ijosar-1138	604	18	"	"	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	604	19	smedan	smedan	NOUN
ijosar-1138	604	20	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	604	21	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	604	22	2025a	2025a	NUM
ijosar-1138	604	23	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	604	24	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	605	1	about	about	ADP
ijosar-1138	605	2	us	we	PRON
ijosar-1138	605	3	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	606	1	small	small	ADJ
ijosar-1138	606	2	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	606	3	medium	medium	ADJ
ijosar-1138	606	4	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
ijosar-1138	606	5	development	development	NOUN
ijosar-1138	606	6	agency	agency	PROPN
ijosar-1138	606	7	of	of	ADP
ijosar-1138	606	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	606	9	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	606	10	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	606	11	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	606	12	https://smedan.gov.ng/about-us/	https://smedan.gov.ng/about-us/	PROPN
ijosar-1138	606	13	smedan	smedan	NOUN
ijosar-1138	606	14	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	607	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	607	2	2025b	2025b	NUM
ijosar-1138	607	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	607	4	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	607	5	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	607	6	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	608	1	our	our	PRON
ijosar-1138	608	2	programs	program	NOUN
ijosar-1138	608	3	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	609	1	smedan	smedan	ADJ
ijosar-1138	609	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	610	1	https://smedan.gov.ng/ourprograms/	https://smedan.gov.ng/ourprograms/	PROPN
ijosar-1138	610	2	smedan	smedan	PROPN
ijosar-1138	610	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	610	4	&	&	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	610	5	nbs	nbs	PROPN
ijosar-1138	610	6	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	611	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	611	2	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	611	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	611	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	612	1	2021	2021	NUM
ijosar-1138	612	2	msme	msme	NOUN
ijosar-1138	612	3	survey	survey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	612	4	report	report	NOUN
ijosar-1138	612	5	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	613	1	https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/	https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/	PROPN
ijosar-1138	613	2	united	united	PROPN
ijosar-1138	613	3	nations	nations	PROPN
ijosar-1138	613	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	614	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	614	2	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1138	614	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	614	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	615	1	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	615	2	world	world	NOUN
ijosar-1138	615	3	population	population	NOUN
ijosar-1138	615	4	prospects	prospect	VERB
ijosar-1138	615	5	2019	2019	NUM
ijosar-1138	615	6	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	615	7	highlights	highlight	NOUN
ijosar-1138	615	8	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	616	1	https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/popfacts/pop	https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/popfacts/pop	ADJ
ijosar-1138	616	2	facts_2019-6.pdf	facts_2019-6.pdf	PROPN
ijosar-1138	616	3	world	world	PROPN
ijosar-1138	616	4	bank	bank	PROPN
ijosar-1138	616	5	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	617	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	617	2	2023	2023	NUM
ijosar-1138	617	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	617	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	618	1	accelerated	accelerate	VERB
ijosar-1138	618	2	remittances	remittance	NOUN
ijosar-1138	618	3	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	618	4	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	618	5	low	low	ADJ
ijosar-1138	618	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	618	7	middle	middle	ADJ
ijosar-1138	618	8	income	income	NOUN
ijosar-1138	618	9	countries	country	NOUN
ijosar-1138	618	10	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	619	1	https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/pressrelease/2023/12/08/acceleratedremittances-growth-to-low-and-middle-incomecountries-in-2023	https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/pressrelease/2023/12/08/acceleratedremittances-growth-to-low-and-middle-incomecountries-in-2023	PROPN
ijosar-1138	619	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	619	3	world	world	PROPN
ijosar-1138	619	4	bank	bank	PROPN
ijosar-1138	619	5	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	620	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	620	2	2024	2024	NUM
ijosar-1138	620	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	620	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	621	1	world	world	NOUN
ijosar-1138	621	2	economics	economic	NOUN
ijosar-1138	621	3	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	622	1	https://www.worldeconomics.com/grossdomesticproduct/realgdp/nigeria.aspx#:~:text=nigeria%20gdp%3a%20%24568%20billion&text=g	https://www.worldeconomics.com/grossdomesticproduct/realgdp/nigeria.aspx#:~:text=nigeria%20gdp%3a%20%24568%20billion&text=g	PROPN
ijosar-1138	622	2	dp%20in%20nigeria%20is%20estimated	dp%20in%20nigeria%20is%20estimate	VERB
ijosar-1138	622	3	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	622	4	estimated%20growth%20rate%20of%20	estimated%20growth%20rate%20of%20	PROPN
ijosar-1138	622	5	3.2%25	3.2%25	NUM
ijosar-1138	622	6	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	623	1	world	world	PROPN
ijosar-1138	623	2	bank	bank	PROPN
ijosar-1138	623	3	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	624	1	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	624	2	2020	2020	NUM
ijosar-1138	624	3	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	624	4	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	625	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ijosar-1138	625	2	on	on	ADP
ijosar-1138	625	3	the	the	DET
ijosar-1138	625	4	move	move	NOUN
ijosar-1138	625	5	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	625	6	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	625	7	journey	journey	NOUN
ijosar-1138	625	8	to	to	ADP
ijosar-1138	625	9	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
ijosar-1138	625	10	growth	growth	NOUN
ijosar-1138	625	11	moving	move	VERB
ijosar-1138	625	12	toward	toward	ADP
ijosar-1138	625	13	a	a	DET
ijosar-1138	625	14	middle	middle	ADJ
ijosar-1138	625	15	-	-	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	625	16	class	class	NOUN
ijosar-1138	625	17	society	society	NOUN
ijosar-1138	625	18	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	626	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ijosar-1138	626	2	from	from	ADP
ijosar-1138	626	3	https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/891271581349536392/pdf/nigeriaon-the-move-a-journey-to-inclusive-growth-moving-toward-a-middle-classsociety.pdf	https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/891271581349536392/pdf/nigeriaon-the-move-a-journey-to-inclusive-growth-moving-toward-a-middle-classsociety.pdf	PROPN
ijosar-1138	626	4	yin	yin	PROPN
ijosar-1138	626	5	,	,	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	626	6	r.	r.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	626	7	k.	k.	PROPN
ijosar-1138	626	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	626	9	2009	2009	NUM
ijosar-1138	626	10	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	626	11	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	627	1	case	case	NOUN
ijosar-1138	627	2	study	study	NOUN
ijosar-1138	627	3	research	research	NOUN
ijosar-1138	627	4	:	:	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	627	5	design	design	NOUN
ijosar-1138	627	6	and	and	CCONJ
ijosar-1138	627	7	methods	method	NOUN
ijosar-1138	627	8	(	(	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	627	9	vol	vol	NOUN
ijosar-1138	627	10	.	.	NOUN
ijosar-1138	627	11	5	5	NUM
ijosar-1138	627	12	)	)	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	627	13	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	628	1	sage	sage	NOUN
ijosar-1138	628	2	.	.	PUNCT
ijosar-1138	629	1	ijo	ijo	PROPN
ijosar-1138	629	2	journals	journal	NOUN
ijosar-1138	629	3	volume	volume	NOUN
ijosar-1138	629	4	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	630	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	630	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ijosar-1138	630	3	08	08	NUM
ijosar-1138	631	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	631	2	august	august	PROPN
ijosar-1138	631	3	2025	2025	NUM
ijosar-1138	632	1	|	|	ADV
ijosar-1138	632	2	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	https://ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index	NOUN
ijosar-1138	632	3	147	147	NUM
ijosar-1138	632	4	https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/pressrelease/2023/12/08/accelerated-remittances-growth-to-low-and-middle-incomecountries-in-2023	https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/pressrelease/2023/12/08/accelerated-remittances-growth-to-low-and-middle-incomecountries-in-2023	PROPN
ijosar-1138	632	5	https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/pressrelease/2023/12/08/accelerated-remittances-growth-to-low-and-middle-incomecountries-in-2023	https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/pressrelease/2023/12/08/accelerated-remittances-growth-to-low-and-middle-incomecountries-in-2023	PROPN
ijosar-1138	632	6	https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/891271581349536392/pdf/nigeria-on-the-move-a-journey-to-inclusive-growth-moving-toward-a-middle-class-society.pdf	https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/891271581349536392/pdf/nigeria-on-the-move-a-journey-to-inclusive-growth-moving-toward-a-middle-class-society.pdf	PROPN
ijosar-1138	632	7	https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/891271581349536392/pdf/nigeria-on-the-move-a-journey-to-inclusive-growth-moving-toward-a-middle-class-society.pdf	https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/891271581349536392/pdf/nigeria-on-the-move-a-journey-to-inclusive-growth-moving-toward-a-middle-class-society.pdf	PROPN
ijosar-1138	632	8	https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/891271581349536392/pdf/nigeria-on-the-move-a-journey-to-inclusive-growth-moving-toward-a-middle-class-society.pdf	https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/891271581349536392/pdf/nigeria-on-the-move-a-journey-to-inclusive-growth-moving-toward-a-middle-class-society.pdf	PROPN