Influence of Technological Facilities on Behaviour and Perception of Secondary School Students in Ekiti State, Nigeria James Adedeji AJAYI (Ph. D.) Department of Educational Technology, School of Science Education, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti state, Nigeria. E-Mail: Ajayi.james@bouesti.edu.ng , Phone No: +2348033667745 Abstract This paper examined the Influence of Technological Facilities on Behaviour and Perception of Secondary School Students in Ikere Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The research design used for this study was survey design of the descriptive type of research. The sample size of two hundred (200) secondary school students were selected as respondents for the study through a random sampling technique from five (5) secondary schools in Ikere Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The instrument for data collection for the study was a self- structured questionnaire. The reliability index obtained was 0.89. Frequency counts and percentage were used to analyse the demographic data of respondents and were used to answer the research questions generated for the study. Base on the findings of the study, conclusion and appropriate recommendations were made. Keywords: Technological, facilities, Behaviour, Perception, Secondary School IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH ( ISSN 2811-2466 ) Volume 05 | Issue 11 | November 2022 | http://www.ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index 28 mailto:Ajayi.james@bouesti.edu.ng Introduction Education for any Nation is believed to be veritable machinery for the development of a country. This is obvious because of the roles played by educated people in the development of science, social- economic and political structure to improve the individual, families and making the society a better place to live (Akinoso, 2023). In the light of these values, education prepare the child to function effectively as an adult to be, and these cannot be achieved without adequate school facilities (Abiodun, 1997). However, the history of school technological facilities could be traced to the era of traditional system of education. It equally changes with the system of education, even though, such other facilities like money and human resources are required. Over the years, enrolment into the secondary education has been on the increase, following series of educational reforms being introduced in Nigeria (Laouni, 2023). One of such is the Universal Basic Education (UBE) scheme (Bolaji & Jimoh, 2023). A ssuccessive governments have and are still allocating an appreciable percentage of their annual budgets to the provision and maintenance of school facilities meant to improve the sector (Aberlman, 1996). In the early 1950s there was nothing like phones, laptop, Go TV, DSTV, radio and Television stations in the whole of Africa, then things were going on well with satisfied working and living conditions. Technology development is generally regarded as a catalyst for national development, because it offers among other things, the necessary support for change in all the major sectors of the economy, most especially in agricultural and industrial sectors. The Internet is a global linking of computers that allows information transfer. Due to the development and spread of cheaper and more user-friendly computer technology and software (e.g., portable computers, Microsoft Word etc), the use of the Internet has increased dramatically. In 2010, the world’s Internet use was 28.7% of the population. While this may not seem like a very large portion of the world’s population, the growth in the use of the Internet has been dramatic. For example, between 2000 and 2010, the rate of growth of Internet use was 444.8% . There are many benefits associated with Internet use, such as access to needed information, worldwide access to news and events, and interpersonal communication through email. Technological facilities like television and other electronic gadget like phones, computers and radio as electronic media of mass communication used to reach a large heterogeneous audience simultaneously has over time become a powerful media to which secondary students and adolescents are uniquely susceptible. These Technological facilities have the capacity to shape students social learning psychology, orientation and perspective about education. Akin(2003) submitted that there are certain kinds of Technological facilities which may influence secondary school students dramatically, social networks like WhatsApp, twitter, Facebook among others had streamline student memory from learning to earning money online and making social communications during school time and holiday period. This era has changed into the era of online information acquisition and E-learning in developing countries like Nigeria (Durkin, 1992). The demerit of Technological facilities have promoted and encouraged social mishaps among secondary school students and the society at large. For instance, many of the secondary school students are found of watching mind breaking movies on internet, including pornography, war films to mention few (Colins, Sobol & Westby, 1991). These aforementioned activities on internet and television do not only corrupt students mind but also pollute our environment by creating negative impression in them (Aletha & Lyneth, 1972). Moreover, the society we live in does not even help matters at the same time. Several audio- visual programme of nowadays also contribute in no small measure to some of the noticeable and prevalent social maladaptive or maladies among secondary school students (Christopher, 2005). For instance, most of the audio-visual programme produced by Nigerian presenters, actor and actresses encourage hooliganism, thuggery and robbery, thereby offer little or no room for correcting the mistakes of improper behaviour among the secondary school students in Ekiti State (Anderson, 2004). In Nigeria, Technological facilities are high utilized by students in a way which causes a great havoc on their academic performance and reasoning faculty. Educational activities are geared towards IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH ( ISSN 2811-2466 ) Volume 05 | Issue 11 | November 2022 | http://www.ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index 29 ensuring that students achieve mastery of educational objectives (Bryce & Leichter, 2003). In school, the extent to which these objectives have been achieved is determined by their level of peer pressure, social technology exposure and time management as students’ success are reflected in their academic performance (Ball & Gogatz, 1990). Could it be that students are insensitive to the possible negative influence of technological facilities on their academic performance. It is in view of these concerns that this study was carried out to determine the effect of technological facilities like phones, television, and radio to mention few on the behaviour of secondary school students and their parent/guardians perception in Ekiti State (Burce, 2001). The main purpose of the study is to make a descriptive analysis of the influence of technological facilities on the behaviour and perception of secondary school students in Ikere Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Research Questions The following research questions were answered in the study: 1. What is the effect of Technological facilities development on Ekiti State secondary school students? 2. What is the difference between the behaviour of artist in movies and that of secondary school students in Ekiti State? 3. What negative Effect does the introduction of Technological facilities have on Ekiti State secondary school students? 4. What is the relationship among social network, audio-visual programmes and academic performance of Ekiti State secondary school students? Methodology The research design: The research design used for this study was survey design of the descriptive type of research Population and Sample Selection of Respondents: The population was all the students in Secondary School in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The sample size of two hundred (200) secondary school students were selected as respondents for the study through a random sampling technique from five (5) secondary schools in Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Research Instrument: The instrument used for this study was adapted Questionnaire and it is titled: Influence of Technological Facilities on Behaviour and perception of Secondary School Students in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The questionnaire was divided into two parts, section A and B. section A contains the bio-data of particular respondent while section B contains items structured five options which include; Agreed, Strongly Agreed, Undecided, Disagreed and Strongly Disagreed. Reliability of Instruments was ensure using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation formula and the reliability co- efficient of 0.89 was found, which is suitable for the study. Analysis of Data: Data collected were analyzed using Frequency counts and percentage to analyse the demographic data of respondents and were used to answer the research questions generated for the study. IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH ( ISSN 2811-2466 ) Volume 05 | Issue 11 | November 2022 | http://www.ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index 30 Results Research Question 1 What is the effect of Technological facilities development on Ekiti State secondary school students? Table 1: Opinion of Respondents Base on the Effect of Technological Facilities Development on Ekiti State Secondary School Students S/N Item Statement Respondents responses categories SA % A % U % D % SD % Mean SD 1 Technological facilities are powerful medium which influence secondary school students behaviour Parents 16.32 39.93 13.72 22.74 7.29 3.352 1.203 Guardians 29.17 25.00 0.00 20.83 25.00 3.125 1.650 2 Some technological facilities are of great advantage to secondary school students Parents 29.17 45.83 0.00 25.00 0.00 3.791 1.141 Guardians 10.90 29.41 9.34 31.83 18.51 2.822 1.329 3 Excessive addiction of secondary to browsing playing of games and watching of videos hampers communication between parents and their children Parents 30.38 43.75 11.11 8.68 6.08 3.836 1.133 Guardians 4.17 66.67 0.00 29.17 0.00 3.458 0.977 4 Children misbehavior attitude becomes rampart due to Parents 4.17 50 0.00 45.83 0.00 3.125 1.075 their exposure to internet and other technological facilities Guardians 7.81 34.20 18.92 25.52 13.54 3.064 2.442 5 Low moral values are trailed to uncensored television technological facilities habits Parents 11.11 52.29 16.15 21.70 18.75 3.033 2.4666 Guardians 4.17 20.83 0.00 2.541 0.00 2.541 0.977 Table 1 illustrates the opinion of Respondents base on the Effect of Technological Facilities Development of Ekiti State Secondary School Students. Item1 was accepted by parents and guardians, that Technological facility are powerful medium which influence secondary school students behaviour. Item 2 was accepted by parent with mean score 3.791 and rejected by guardians by mean score 2.822, that some technological facilities are of great advantage to secondary school students. In respect to item 3, it was accepted that excessive addiction of Ekiti State secondary school student to browsing, playing of games and watching of online videos and television hampers communication between them and their parent. In item4, it was accepted by the parents and guardian that children misbehavior attitude becomes rampant due to their exposure to internet and other technological facilities. In item5, it was rejected by guardians that low moral values in Ekiti State secondary school student is traceable IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH ( ISSN 2811-2466 ) Volume 05 | Issue 11 | November 2022 | http://www.ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index 31 to the uncontrolled watching of television and use of mobile phones while it was accepted by parents by 3.033 mean score. Research Question 2 What is the difference between the behaviour of artist in movies and that of secondary school students in Ekiti State? Table 2: Opinion of Respondents base on the difference between the behaviour of movie artist and that of Ekiti State secondary school students S/N Item statement Respondents Responses Categories SA % A % U % D % SD % Mean SD 1 Online films downloaded and those watched on television by secondary school students present mixture of violence and occult to their mindset Parents 4.17 50.00 0.00 45.83 0.00 3.125 1.075 Guardians 19.79 43.58 18.40 17.53 0.69 3.607 1.251 2 Violence of secondary school students is traceable to the violence seen on online website movies and those shown on television Parents 4.17 20.83 29.17 45.83 0.00 2.833 0.916 Guardians 10.42 21.70 24.31 22.74 20.83 2.781 1.284 3 Low moral varies of many secondary school students is traceable to the habits inherited from uncontrolled watching of television and internet exposure Parents 9.38 31.94 24.65 22.92 11.11 3.055 1.169 Guardians 0.00 20.83 29.17 50.00 0.00 2.708 0.806 4 High rate of raping and drug addiction among secondary school students is traceable to those watched online and those saw on television by the students Parents 10.90 31.83 9.34 29.41 18.51 2.822 1.329 Guardians 4.17 75.00 0.00 20.83 0.00 2.541 0.977 5 Secondary school students misbehavior attitude becomes rampant due to their exposure to internet Parents 12.15 26.91 14.24 32.47 14.24 2.902 1.281 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH ( ISSN 2811-2466 ) Volume 05 | Issue 11 | November 2022 | http://www.ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index 32 and other technological facilities Guardians 4.17 19.83 2.50 73.00 1.00 2.541 0.977 Table 2 reveals the opinion of parents and guardians on the differences between the behaviour of movies artist and that of secondary school students in Ekiti State. Item 1 shows that online films downloaded by the students and those watched by them on television present mixture of violence and occult to them, since both parent and guardian accepted with mean score 3.125 and 3.607. From item 2, the responses of parents and guardians on the violence of secondary school students which is traceable to the violence seen online website pages and in movies, was accepted with mean score 2.833 and 2.7813. in item3, it was accepted by respondents that, low moral varieties in secondary school students is traceable to the effect of uncontrolled watching of movies. In item 4, it was accepted by guardians and parents with mean score 2.822 and 2.541 that, high rate of raping and drug addiction practice by students is traceable to those watched in movies. In item 5, it was rejected by parent and guardians with mean score 2.902 and 2.541 that secondary school student misbehavior attitude becomes rampant due to their exposure to internet facilities. Research Question 3 What negative Effect does the introduction of Technological facilities have on Ekiti State secondary school students? Table 3: Opinion of respondent base on the negative effect of introducing technological facilities to Ekiti State secondary school student S/N Item Statement Respondents Responses Categories SA % A % U % D % SD % Mean SD 1 Secondary school students feel boring when they are not watching television or allow to press phones SS2 Male Student 19.79 43.58 18.40 17.53 0.69 3.607 1.251 SS2 Female Student 4.17 66.67 0.00 29.17 0.00 3.458 0.977 2 Am allow to press phones and watch movies at any time and it has no effect on my academics SS2 Male Student 7.81 34.20 18.92 25.52 13.54 3.064 2.442 SS2 Female Student 4.17 20.83 0.00 75.00 0.00 2.541 0.977 3 Is good for secondary school students to be using mobile browsing phones and have free access to other technological facilities SS2 Male Student 9.38 31.94 24.65 22.92 11.11 3.055 1.169 SS2 Female Student 0.00 50.00 0.00 29.17 20.83 2.791 1.284 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH ( ISSN 2811-2466 ) Volume 05 | Issue 11 | November 2022 | http://www.ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index 33 Table 3 reveals the opinion of Ekiti State SS2 male and female student on the general effect of introducing technological facilities to secondary school students. Item 1 shows that secondary school students feed bore when they are not watching television or allow pressing phones. This could be seen from the responses of the respondents where the decisions mean of SS2 male and female students in Ekiti state are all accepted with their mean score 3.607 and 3.458. from item 2, the responses of the respondents on the pressing of phone having no effect on the performance of secondary school student were accepted by male SS2 students with mean score 3.064 and rejected by the Female students with mean score 2.541. Item 3 was accepted by SS2 male and female students with the mean score 3.055 and 2.791 that is a good idea for secondary school students to be using phone. Research Question 4 What is the relationship among social network, audio-visual programmes and academic performance of Ekiti State secondary school students? Table 4: Opinion of respondents’ base on the relationship among social networks, audio – visual programs and the academic performance of Ekiti State Secondary School Students S/N Item statement Respondents Responses Categories SA % A % U % D % SD % Mean SD 1 Many textbooks and subjects can be downloaded easily from online to enhance secondary school student performance student using phone 4.17 66.67 0.00 2.917 0.00 3.102 1.319 student not using phone 17.53 43.03 13.72 14.06 11.63 3.408 1.254 2 Mobile phones and other technological facilities provided more learning platform to secondary school students student using phone 0.00 50.00 20.83 29.17 0.00 3.208 0.88 student not using phone 23.61 49.10 20.24 8.140 0.00 2.833 1.007 3 Secondary school students which are off from television develop variety of interest in reaching and proper studying of their books student using phone 16.32 35.94 18.40 11.98 17.36 3.218 1.334 student not using phone 50 25 0 25 0 4 1.251 4 Social network like WhatsApp, facebook twitter and the likes improves the level of secondary school students laziness and low academic performance student using phone 29.17 20.83 25.00 25.00 0.00 3.416 1.100 student not using phone 16.32 35.94 18.40 11.98 17.36 3.218 1.334 5 Secondary school students whose parents have television and student using phone 0.00 29.17 0.00 70.38 0.0 2.583 0.928 IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH ( ISSN 2811-2466 ) Volume 05 | Issue 11 | November 2022 | http://www.ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index 34 those using mobile phones are prone to examination delinquency student not using phone 4.86 37.67 20.49 29.51 7.465 3.029 1.079 Table 4 Reveal the opinion of students using mobile phones and students not using mobile phones on the relationship among social network, technological facilities and academic performance of Ekiti State secondary school students. Item 1 shows that many textbooks and subject topics can be download directly online to enhance secondary school student performance, since that student using mobile phone and those that are note using accepted with mean score of 3.102 and 3.408 From item 2 the responses of the respondent on the exposure created to secondary school student by technological facilities was accepted by student using mobile phones with mean score 3.208 and rejected by does not using phone with mean score 2.833. in respect to item 3, it was accepted by both students using mobile phones and not using with mean score 3.218 and 4.0 that secondary school students which are off from television and mobile phones develop variety of interest in proper studying. In item 4, it was accepted by student using mobile phones and those not using that social networks like WhatsApp, Facebook, twitter and the likes improves the level of secondary school student laziness and low academic performance. Item 5, it was accepted by students not using phones and rejected by those using phones with mean 3.029 and 2.583 that secondary school students whose parents have television and those using phones are prone to examination delinquency. Conclusion The study revealed that there is a significance difference between the performances of secondary school students using phones, Television and exposed to internet and those without phones no exposure to internet. Finally, the study pointed out that there is significant difference between the behaviour of secondary school students using phones, television and exposed to internet and those without phones and no exposed to internet. Recommendations 1. The parents/ guardians should know the types of movies and channel to buy or watch. For instance, instead of creating special attention on programmes that can pollute their minds they will rather settle for those that are educative and spirit lifting. 2. Concerted efforts form religious bodies and the youths are needed to correct these bad gross misconducts among the secondary school students, which as a matter of facts have reared its ugly head into the cycle of secondary school students in Ekiti State. 3. Parents / guardians must pay serious attention to the welfare of their secondary school students under their tutelage. Consequently, development of positive minded impression will be the disposition of these secondary school students towards the usefulness of any technological facility. 4. Those actors and actresses whose moral aspects have been tampered with should be corrected by government or by the society. Hence the needs to discourage the showing of pornography as a television programme, as this may create bad and indelible impression on the minds of secondary school students in Ekiti State. References Abiodun, W.O. (1997). Junior World Encyclopedia, Harver Edu-Service, 12 & 14. Aberlman, J.O. (1996). Psychological Foundations of Education in African. Stirling Horden Publishers. Akin, C.K. (2003). Effects of Television Advertising on Children. New York Academic Press. Akinoso, S.O. (2023). Motivation and ICT in secondary school mathematics using unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Technology, 3 (1), 79-90. IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH ( ISSN 2811-2466 ) Volume 05 | Issue 11 | November 2022 | http://www.ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index 35 Aletha, S.O. & Lyneth, F.W. (1972). Television Content and Young Children Behavior, 203-307 Washington D.C.U.S Government Printing Press. Anderson, A.J. (2004). Children Understanding of Television New York Academic Press. Ball, T.F. & Gogatz, B. (1990). The First Year of Sesame Street: an Evolutionary Testing Services, Princeton New Jersey. Bolaji, H.O. & Jimoh, H.A. (2023). 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School Principals’ Self-Efficacy beliefs and Level of Technology Integration in Moroccan Public Schools. International Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 11(1). IJO- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH ( ISSN 2811-2466 ) Volume 05 | Issue 11 | November 2022 | http://www.ijojournals.com/index.php/ssh/index 36