# bib

id: ijois-179
author: Burns, Dylan
title: Contents
date: 2021
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 93
sentence: 2
flesch: 17
cache: cache/ijois-179.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-179.txt
summary:
  Contents The Ethics of Cyber Warfare .......................................................................................................... 5 OPFOR, BLUFOR: A Comparative Analysis of NATO and the CSTO ...................................... 21 Failure of Cooperation in Arms Embargo Against China: Diversion of Interest and Decision Calculus of the European Union and the United States ................................................................ 33 Planting the Seeds for Stability: The Power of Development Diplomacy and the Impact of U.S. Agricultural Development Policy on Fragile States ..................................................................... 41 The Global Crisis in Syria............................................................................................................. 59 Compliance and Consequence: The Coexistence of Neoliberal Institutionalism and Realist States in a Nuclear World ........................................................................................................................ 67 Re-evaluating the Efficacy of Targeted Killing ............................................................................ 77


id: ijois-499
author: Harmon, Ian
title: About the Illini Journal of International Security
date: 2017
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 192
sentence: 6
flesch: 22
cache: cache/ijois-499.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-499.txt
summary:
  Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security IJOIS Spring 2017, Volume III Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security 2 About the Illini Journal of International Security The Illini Journal of International Security (IJOIS) is a peer-reviewed undergraduate academic journal that was founded in September 2015 by undergraduate students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. IJOIS is published biannually through the University of Illinois Library with the support of the Program of Arms Control & Domestic and International Security (ACDIS) and is comprised of exceptional undergraduate and graduate papers on topics related to international security or foreign affairs.


id: ijois-498
author: Weiss, Caleb; Bloch, Chase
title: Letter from the Editor
date: 2017
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 331
sentence: 13
flesch: 38
cache: cache/ijois-498.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-498.txt
summary:
  For our third issue, we are excited to publish outstanding undergraduate papers that explore some of the most pressing issues within international security and foreign affairs, covering a wide range of topic areas and geographical regions. We publish exceptional papers on topics within international security or foreign affairs.


id: ijois-177
author: Murphy, Jonas
title: Letter from the Editor
date: 2016
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 476
sentence: 16
flesch: 36
cache: cache/ijois-177.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-177.txt
summary:
  For our first issue, we are excited to publish outstanding undergraduate papers that explore some of the most pressing issues within international security and foreign affairs, covering a wide range of topic areas and geographical regions. Dear reader, On behalf of the IJOIS Editorial Board, the Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security, the University Library, and the supportive academic community of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, I would like to thank you for reading the inaugural issue of Illini Journal of International Security (IJOIS)!


id: ijois-386
author: Harmon, Ian
title: Contents
date: 2016
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 86
sentence: 1
flesch: -21
cache: cache/ijois-386.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-386.txt
summary:
  Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security IJOIS Fall 2016, Volume II Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security 4 Contents Explaining Middle East Participation in the Convention Against Torture……………………………………………………………………………………………………...5 Derek Hoot Drones: A Projection of Force Abroad……………………………………………………………………32 James Holevas The Current State of the US Nuclear Arsenal…………………………………………………………….45 Maxx Villotti Atomic Dragon: Chinese Nuclear Weapon Development and the Risk of Nuclear War…………………………………………………...…………………………………………..……….54 Gabriel Wacks Jabhat Fatah al Sham’s Implication on the Syrian Civil War and Beyond……………………………………………………………………………………………………73 John Bolis


id: ijois-178
author: Burns, Dylan
title: About the Illini Journal of International Security
date: 2016
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 184
sentence: 5
flesch: 17
cache: cache/ijois-178.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-178.txt
summary:
  IJOIS is published biannually through the Program of Arms Control & Domestic and International Security (ACDIS) and is comprised of exceptional undergraduate and graduate papers on topics related to international security or foreign affairs. Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security IJOIS Spring 2016, Volume I Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security 3 About the Illini Journal of International Security The Illini Journal of International Security (IJOIS) is a peer-reviewed academic journal founded in September 2015 by undergraduate students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.


id: ijois-385
author: Harmon, Ian
title: Letter from the Editor and About the Journal
date: 2016
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 543
sentence: 18
flesch: 32
cache: cache/ijois-385.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-385.txt
summary:
  For our second issue, we are excited to publish outstanding undergraduate papers that explore some of the most pressing issues within international security and foreign affairs, covering a wide range of topic areas and geographical regions. IJOIS utilizes a cross-disciplinary approach and accepts papers from students studying the social sciences, STEM fields, business and the humanities that analyze international security issues from innovative perspectives.


id: ijois-500
author: Harmon, Ian
title: Contents
date: 2017
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 55
sentence: 1
flesch: 7
cache: cache/ijois-500.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-500.txt
summary:
  Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security 3 Contents Evolution of Russian Military Force Since 1979………………………………………………………...5 Christopher Chappell Picking up the Pieces: The EU and Populism………………………………….……………………….13 Sonam Kotadia and Justin Tomczyk START I: A Retrospective…………...……………………………………………….…………………21 Stuart Polen Transformative Networks: The Case of North Caucasion and Central Asian Jihadist……….….…37 Caleb Weiss


id: ijois-391
author: Bolis, John
title: Jabhat Fatah al Sham's Implication on the Syrian Civil War and Beyond
date: 2016
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2692
sentence: 98
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ijois-391.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-391.txt
summary:
  Background on Jabhat Fatah al Sham It is important to recognize that Jabhat Fatah al Sham is the Syrian-based branch of the world-wide terror organization al Qaeda. Jabhat Fatah al Sham officially came into the scene of the Syrian Civil war in January of 2012 after branching off from the Iraqi franchise of al Qaeda.


id: ijois-389
author: Villotti, Maxx
title: The Current State of the US Nuclear Arsenal
date: 2016
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2348
sentence: 108
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ijois-389.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-389.txt
summary:
  Nuclear deterrence is still necessary to prevent other states from deploying nuclear weapons, and the arsenal in its current state will not be able to serve this purpose in the near future. By maintaining a nuclear deterrent, the United States is dissuading the Russian military from deploying nuclear weapons due to fear of retaliation.


id: ijois-501
author: Chappell, Christopher
title: Evolution of Russian Military Force Since 1979
date: 2017
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3219
sentence: 158
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ijois-501.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-501.txt
summary:
  In conclusion, the evolution of use of Russian military force has gone through distinct periods of change. In terms of future conflicts, if previous conflicts may be used as a blueprint, the next targets of Russian military force will be former Soviet States suffering from political division.


id: ijois-544
author: Bloch, Chase
title: Letter from the Editor
date: 2018
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 390
sentence: 16
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ijois-544.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-544.txt
summary:
  We publish exceptional papers on topics within international security or foreign affairs. Our fourth contains a culmination of seven papers that have been formed over the last year into exceptional papers covering a wide range of security and foreign policy topics.


id: ijois-182
author: Jarman, Hannah
title: How US Joint Ventures are Playing a Political Role in US-Cuban Relations
date: 2016
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4379
sentence: 226
flesch: 43
cache: cache/ijois-182.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-182.txt
summary:
  In September of 2012, travel agency, Insight Cuba, lobbied the Senate Banking and Foreign Relations Committees as well as the House Appropriations Committee to help license renewal to continue sending tour groups to Cuba. Before President Obama’s trip to Cuba in March, 2016, Engage Cuba utilized ties to the White House to provide an agenda for the business-oriented discussion during Obama’s trip.


id: ijois-184
author: Prasad, Amrutha
title: South Asia: After the Bomb
date: 2016
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4583
sentence: 224
flesch: 56
cache: cache/ijois-184.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-184.txt
summary:
  Notably, possessing nuclear weapons has not prevented conflict between the parties; despite testing in 1998, India and Pakistan fought the Kargil War in 1999, fought using entirely conventional weapons. Unlike India and China, they have opted to use nuclear weapons only defensively rather than choosing a no first use policy.


id: ijois-634
author: Szul, Christopher
title: Table of Contents
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 109
sentence: 1
flesch: -39
cache: cache/ijois-634.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-634.txt
summary:
  Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security Table of Contents Letter from the Editor………………………………………………………………………….….ii About the Illini Journal of International Security………………………………………………...iii The People’s Republic of China’s Security Dependence on Semi-Autonomous Territories…….1 A Case of Mistaken Identities: The Real Friends and Foes in the War in Afghanistan………....17 A Return to Insurgency in Iraq: The Islamic State’s transition to insurgency and the Iraqi mistakes that have aided it……………………………………………………………………….38 Empty Promises: The Denuclearization of Ukraine and its Effects Twenty Years Later……….49 The Paradigm Shifts in Intelligence: From 1800 to Present……………………………………..56 Human Trafficking as a National Security Issue……………………………………….………..65 Table of Contents


id: ijois-387
author: Hoot, Derek
title: Explaining Middle East Participation in the Convention Against Torture
date: 2016
pages: 27
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4626
sentence: 221
flesch: 43
cache: cache/ijois-387.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-387.txt
summary:
  In other conflicts, political certainty is paramount, but there is no discernible pattern that implies that internal armed conflict, extrasystemic conflict, or interstate conflict influence state ratification behavior one way or the other. Because the nature and intensity of armed conflicts IJOIS Fall 2016, Volume II Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security 11 could potentially affect state ratification behavior as well as forms of government repression, I used UCDP/PRO's disaggregated conflict variables as well as their intensity variable.


id: ijois-185
author: Hoot, Derek
title: American Foreign Policy Towards the Islamic State
date: 2016
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4585
sentence: 269
flesch: 56
cache: cache/ijois-185.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-185.txt
summary:
  The White House Fact Sheet states that “[The United States is] supporting the new Iraqi government on efforts to govern inclusively and effectively.” One criticism of how the United States builds partner capacity involves the entities accepted into the security coalition.


id: ijois-183
author: Tomczyk, Justin
title: Disruptive Element: Frozen Conflicts and the CDRN
date: 2016
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2808
sentence: 182
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ijois-183.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-183.txt
summary:
  Examples of cooperation between CDRN members includes the establishment of a visa regime for CDRN citizens and joint declarations of mutual defense in case of attack. The most visceral display of Russia's influence over CDRN members is its military presence.


id: ijois-180
author: Matchett, Leah
title: Redefining Deterrence: Nuclear Forensics and Administration Spending Priorities
date: 2016
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4619
sentence: 240
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ijois-180.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-180.txt
summary:
  While there is an immense diversity of threats posed by nuclear weapons, these can be divided into two major categories- the threats of a great power nuclear exchange and the threats posed by sub-state actors acquiring nuclear weapons.


id: ijois-390
author: Wacks, Gabriel
title: Atomic Dragon: Chinese Nuclear Weapon Development and the Risk of Nuclear War
date: 2016
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5075
sentence: 211
flesch: 45
cache: cache/ijois-390.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-390.txt
summary:
  The current US nuclear mentality is deeply worrying to China; In the view of Chinese experts, the US refusal to recognize its vulnerability to Chinese nuclear weapons is an indication that it seeks to develop the means to neutralize the Chinese nuclear program (Kulacki, 2016, p. 1). Shifting Chinese nuclear weapons to a high alert status, would make the world significantly less secure from the threat of nuclear war.


id: ijois-543
author: Bloch, Chase
title: About the Illini Journal of International Security
date: 2018
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 175
sentence: 5
flesch: 19
cache: cache/ijois-543.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-543.txt
summary:
  About the Illini Journal of International Security The Illini Journal of International Security (IJOIS) is a peer-reviewed undergraduate academic journal that was founded in September 2015 by undergraduate students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. IJOIS is published biannually through the University of Illinois Library with the support of the Program of Arms Control & Domestic and International Security (ACDIS) and is comprised of exceptional undergraduate and graduate papers on topics related to international security or foreign affairs.


id: ijois-388
author: Holevas, James
title: Drones: A Projection of Force Abroad
date: 2016
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3473
sentence: 180
flesch: 61
cache: cache/ijois-388.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-388.txt
summary:
  For drone strikes to fit in the legality of war, they must be administered during the presence of an armed conflict (Vogel, 2013). This change of description would also include members of the Taliban, who were thought to be harboring al Qaeda members and would later be targets of drone strikes (Vogel, 2013).


id: ijois-502
author: Kotadia, Sonam; Tomczyk, Justin
title: Picking up the Pieces: Populism and the European Union
date: 2017
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3645
sentence: 174
flesch: 54
cache: cache/ijois-502.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-502.txt
summary:
  There is also serious consideration towards enacting Article 7 of the European Union and suspending Hungary’s voting rights (European Parliament, May 2017), as Viktor Orban’s government has continuously obstructed actions related to refugee redistribution. These are all positions and policies enacted by the EU’s supranational structures like the European Commission and European Parliament – institutions that exist above the level of national governments.


id: ijois-546
author: McLain, Caitlin J.
date: 2018
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3898
sentence: 219
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ijois-546.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-546.txt
title:
  Compliance and Consequence: The Coexistence of Neoliberal Institutionalism and Realist States in a Nuclear World

summary:
  Under Articles I and II of the NPT, the nuclear-armed states agree not to aid non-nuclear-armed states in the development of nuclear weapons and non-nuclear weapons states agree not to establish nuclear weapons programs (The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, 2012). This shows that the verification regime established by the CTBT has the ability to effectively monitor state compliance.


id: ijois-636
author: Szul, Christopher
title: About the Illini Journal of International Security
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 176
sentence: 5
flesch: 21
cache: cache/ijois-636.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-636.txt
summary:
  Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security iii About the Illini Journal of International Security The Illini Journal of International Security (IJOIS) is a peer-reviewed undergraduate academic journal that was founded in September 2015 by undergraduate students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. IJOIS is published biannually through the University of Illinois Library with the support of the Program of Arms Control & Domestic and International Security (ACDIS) and is comprised of exceptional undergraduate and graduate papers on topics related to international security or foreign affairs.


id: ijois-503
author: Polen, Stuart
title: START I: A Retrospective
date: 2017
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7447
sentence: 399
flesch: 61
cache: cache/ijois-503.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-503.txt
summary:
  As START negotiations progressed, analysts found that the diffusion of power became more and more apparent. U.S. approach to START negotiations-I. Washington, D.C.:


id: ijois-644
author: Domagala, Jakob
title: About the Illini Journal of International Security
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 172
sentence: 5
flesch: 19
cache: cache/ijois-644.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-644.txt
summary:
  SP20 Final edition IJOIS Spring 2020, Volume VI Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security 4 About the Illini Journal of International Security The Illini Journal of International Security (IJOIS) is a peer-reviewed undergraduate academic journal that was founded in September 2015 by undergraduate students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. IJOIS utilizes a cross- disciplinary approach and accepts papers from students studying the social sciences, STEM fields, business and the humanities that analyze international security issues from innovative perspectives.


id: ijois-635
author: Szul, Christopher
title: Letter from the Editor
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 477
sentence: 15
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ijois-635.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-635.txt
summary:
  These exceptional undergraduate papers present novel arguments on a wide array of issues within international security and foreign affairs. Dear reader, On behalf of the IJOIS Editorial Board, the Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security, the University Library, and the supportive academic community of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, we would like to thank you for reading the third issue of Illini Journal of International Security (IJOIS)!


id: ijois-548
author: Cleary, Zachary
title: Re-evaluating the Efficacy of Targeted Killing
date: 2018
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3533
sentence: 209
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ijois-548.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-548.txt
summary:
  This article seeks to demonstrate that, as the literature on targeted killing has matured and become more rigorous, the consensus has shifted from seeing targeted killings as an ineffective or counterproductive measure to viewing them as an effective tool. Despite the ubiquity of targeted killing, the academic community is divided as to its effectiveness.


id: ijois-181
author: Davis, Rebecca
title: What Do They See? A Look at the Appeal of IS to Young Muslim Women Raised in the United Kingdom
date: 2016
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6020
sentence: 345
flesch: 59
cache: cache/ijois-181.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-181.txt
summary:
  This policy response vacuum can be filled by a relatively underutilized theory of foreign fighter recruitment that focuses on the cultural alienation of the immigrant. Thus, while radicalization may not directly cause an individual to leave their home to join in a conflict, foreign fighter recruitment could also attract people who have held those beliefs for a long time.


id: ijois-645
author: Domagala, Jakob
title: Contents
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 68
sentence: 1
flesch: -5
cache: cache/ijois-645.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-645.txt
summary:
  SP20 Final edition IJOIS Spring 2020, Volume VI Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security 5 Contents Cultural Insensitivities and Aggravating Factors in Iraq and Afghanistan………………………7 Isis: The Evolution of a Terrorist State……………………………………………………….…15 Analyzing the Economic Influences on the Evolution of the Russian Military Since 1991…………………………………………………………………………………………..… 28 The Nuclear Weapons Program of the United States and its Strategic Value in the Twenty-First Century…………………………………………………………………………………...……...37


id: ijois-542
author: Dayem, Lina
title: The Ethics of Cyber Warfare
date: 2018
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7683
sentence: 362
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ijois-542.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-542.txt
summary:
  Taken together with the Charter of the United Nations, and assuming that a peaceable resolution cannot be forged, then it would be legally justified for state Y to respond to state X’s attack through military means, since state X has begun an illegal war against state Y, and Y has the right to defend itself against this attack. With recent strikes affecting critical infrastructures around the globe, the threats associated with cyber attacks no longer seem like science fiction.


id: ijois-640
author: Meyer, Paisley Ann
title: Empty Promises: The Denuclearization of Ukraine and its Effects Twenty Years Later
date: 2020
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3289
sentence: 142
flesch: 42
cache: cache/ijois-640.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-640.txt
summary:
  Created in 1968 and extended indefinitely in 1995, the NPT separates the world into nuclear weapon and non-nuclear weapons states, making the development and procurement of nuclear weapons outside of the US, the UK, France, China, and Russia illegal under international law (Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 1968). Effectiveness of Deterrence Ukrainian disarmament is an instance used to illustrate that international cooperation towards nuclear disarmament is possible, but deterrence rather than disarmament continues to be the strategy held by nuclear weapons states.


id: ijois-643
author: Domagala, Jakob
title: Letter from the Editor
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 326
sentence: 12
flesch: 32
cache: cache/ijois-643.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-643.txt
summary:
  These exceptional undergraduate papers present novel arguments on a wide array of issues within international security and foreign affairs. We publish exceptional papers on topics within international security or foreign affairs.


id: ijois-547
author: Hyams, Dylan H.
title: The Global Crisis in Syria
date: 2018
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3035
sentence: 153
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ijois-547.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-547.txt
summary:
  Actors and Interests Primary Pro-Assad Forces Syrian Arab Republic: On July 17, 2000, after the death of his father, Hafez al-Assad, Bashar al-Assad assumed the position of the President of Syria under the Ba’ath party, which rules under an authoritarian regime (Central Intelligence Agency, 2017). This sparked the first direct strike on Assad forces by the United States on April 6, 2017.


id: ijois-646
author: Hyams, Dylan
title: Cultural Insensitivities and Aggravating Factors in Iraq and Afghanistan
date: 2020
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3008
sentence: 112
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ijois-646.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-646.txt
summary:
  These programs have provided greater situational awareness among coalition troops and have implanted individuals with added knowledge of culture and language into frontline units, in an attempt to decrease the likelihood of cultural incidents to take place in the future. In order to further support grievance theory explanation and its tie to this paper, different cases backed by statistical data will be presented and elaborated on in order to prove that cultural insensitivity has had a negative impact on local populations and shows correlation with an increase in terrorist activity.


id: ijois-648
author: Klafta, Philip J.
title: Analyzing the Economic Influences on the Evolution of the Russian Military Since 1991
date: 2020
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3056
sentence: 129
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ijois-648.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-648.txt
summary:
  “Why Russia Supports Assad.” I will begin by discussing how the political and economic conditions of the early 1990’s contributed to a weak and unorganized military in immediate post-Soviet Russia and will continue to talk about how specific policies and world oil prices contributed to an economic revival.


id: ijois-642
author: Tymoszenko, Chloe
title: Human Trafficking as a National Security Issue
date: 2020
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4292
sentence: 194
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ijois-642.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-642.txt
summary:
  Additionally, information from Equality Now, a nongovernmental organization that works to help advance the rights of women, says that nearly 96% of sex trafficking victims are women. Funds from human trafficking are directly used to fund illicit activities like terrorism or organized crime syndicates while trafficking threatens human security by stealing the rights of individuals to their freedom.


id: ijois-707
author: Hyams, Dylan
title: Letter from the Editor
date: 2021
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 356
sentence: 14
flesch: 37
cache: cache/ijois-707.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-707.txt
summary:
  We publish exceptional papers on topics within international security or foreign affairs. The final paper presented is by Ryan Vetticad, titled “The Justification of International Military Intervention in Response to Human Rights Abuses,” which looks at the pros and cons to military intervention in response to human rights abuses and argues in favor of intervention.


id: ijois-549
author: Tomczyk, Justin
title: OPFOR, BLUFOR: A Comparative Analysis of NATO and the CSTO
date: 2018
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4350
sentence: 161
flesch: 34
cache: cache/ijois-549.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-549.txt
summary:
  When combined with the three fixed-wing aircraft carriers utilized by other NATO members (the Charles de Gaulle, Cavour, and newly commissioned Queen Elizabeth), the number of aircraft carriers operated by NATO forces grows to nine. It is not uncommon for NATO members to employ a combination of domestically produced arms and equipment imported from other members of the alliance.


id: ijois-760
author: Vetticad, Ryan
title: Table of Contents
date: 2021
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 146
sentence: 3
flesch: 21
cache: cache/ijois-760.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-760.txt
summary:
  What About Israel's Nuclear Weapons by Ayah Jaber..............15 The Ratification Question: Why the United States Should Ratify the Convention of the Rights for Persons with Disabilities by Anthony Valiaveedu..…………...…….…..……19 The Political Psychology of Regime Change in Iran by Ryan Vetticad.…………………...…...26 Article Section On Private Military Companies and Hybrid Warfare by Norman De Castro...............................35 Divide and Conquer: Separatism in Transcaucasia and Russian Intervention by James Monroe………………………………………...…………………………..………….43 The Race for Artificial Intelligence by Anthony Valiaveedu and Peter F. Rybinski………...….52 Analysis of the Effects of Large-Scale Disasters on the Behavior of Non-State Violent Actors in Countries Already Under Duress by Dylan Hyams………………………………..…67 5


id: ijois-551
author: Ye, Zishen
date: 2018
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3391
sentence: 213
flesch: 60
cache: cache/ijois-551.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-551.txt
title:
  Failure of Cooperation in Arms Embargo Against China: Diversion of Interest and Decision Calculus of the European Union and the United States

summary:
  “US Warns China on Taiwan, Sends Warships to Area.” Failure of Cooperation in Arms Embargo Against China: Diversion of Interest and Decision Calculus of the European Union and the United States Zishen Ye 3 the year 2000.6 Such blatant violations of the arms embargo by major European powers left the United States as one of the very few actors abiding by the arms embargo, despite the declaration on arms embargo is valid until the present day.


id: ijois-697
author: Hamel, Emma
title: The Nuclear Awakening of China
date: 2021
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2768
sentence: 145
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ijois-697.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-697.txt
summary:
  Pentagon Sees China Progressing on SLBM. This comes as no surprise, as absolute control of the South China Sea would come with a multitude of benefits.


id: ijois-550
author: Wehrli, Zach
date: 2018
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7320
sentence: 275
flesch: 35
cache: cache/ijois-550.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-550.txt
title:
  Planting the Seeds for Stability: The Power of Development Diplomacy and the Impact of U.S. Agricultural Development Policy on Fragile States

summary:
  By synthesizing their work to create a foundation for my own data analysis, I can utilize the existing logics articulated by these authors to strengthen my claim that US agricultural development policy has a direct impact on the stability of states in sub- Saharan Africa, which can also be interpreted to mean that increased spending on agricultural development on behalf of the United States should remain a goal of any comprehensive development or national security strategy. With this, I articulate an explicitly policy-driven final argument: not only does the data show that these types of policies can work, but they already are, which means that US agricultural development policy in particular should be continued and expanded.


id: ijois-706
author: Hyams, Dylan
title: About the Illini Journal of International Security
date: 2021
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 167
sentence: 5
flesch: 21
cache: cache/ijois-706.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-706.txt
summary:
  IJOIS Fall 2020, Volume VII Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security 4 About the Illini Journal of International Security The Illini Journal of International Security (IJOIS) is a peer-reviewed undergraduate academic journal that was founded in September 2015 by undergraduate students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. IJOIS is published biannually through the University of Illinois Library with the support of the Program of Arms Control & Domestic and International Security (ACDIS) and consists of exceptional undergraduate and graduate papers on topics related to international security or foreign affairs.


id: ijois-762
author: Jaber, Ayah
title: A Response to Patrick Pexton What about Israel’s nuclear weapons?
date: 2021
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1270
sentence: 59
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ijois-762.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-762.txt
summary:
  Although Pexton condemns the systems which have created this position, specifically denouncing the media’s lack of comprehensive analysis and coverage of Israel’s nuclear weapons, his piece is deficient in giving the reader a thorough detailing of Israel's relationship with nuclear weapons. Pexton discusses one benefit of the United States not pressuring Israel to be open about possessing nuclear weapons -- that there is no added pressure for other Arab states to have their own nuclear weapons.


id: ijois-696
author: Hyams, Dylan
title: Table of Contents
date: 2021
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 65
sentence: 2
flesch: 18
cache: cache/ijois-696.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-696.txt
summary:
  Examining the Efficacy of Military Intervention……………………………….17 In Support of an Independent Kurdistan………………………………………………………...28 The Justification of International Military Intervention in Response to Human Rights Abuses….......................................................................................................................................43 IJOIS Fall 2020, Volume VII Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security 6 IJOIS Fall 2020, Volume VII Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security 5 Contents The Nuclear Awakening of China………………………………………………………………..8 At What Cost?


id: ijois-639
author: Cleary, Zachary
date: 2020
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4782
sentence: 313
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ijois-639.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-639.txt
title:
  A Return to Insurgency in Iraq: The Islamic State’s transition to insurgency and the Iraqi mistakes that have aided it

summary:
  Iraq: Dozens found handcuffed, executed in, around Mosul: Evidence points to killings by government forces. Failure to provide reliable infrastructure and services reduces local faith in government, making IS a more attractive alternative.


id: ijois-641
author: Johnston, Madison K.
title: The Paradigm Shifts in Intelligence: From 1800 to Present
date: 2020
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4139
sentence: 198
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ijois-641.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-641.txt
summary:
  British intelligence services were keeping tabs on the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in order to contain their operations. The worlds’ superpowers were the main intelligence powers because they were the only nations who had the money to put into the development of intelligence services and agents.


id: ijois-698
author: Kim, Keunhee
title: At What Cost? Examining the Efficacy of Military Intervention
date: 2021
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4330
sentence: 200
flesch: 43
cache: cache/ijois-698.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-698.txt
summary:
  This is why they believe that international military intervention for humanitarian purposes should be the last step to resolve violations of human rights. International military intervention has been shown to have a negative global impact and to be ineffective at solving the tensions underlying the wars and situations in which human rights violations occur.


id: ijois-764
author: Vetticad, Ryan
title: The Political Psychology of Regime Change in Iran
date: 2021
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2609
sentence: 99
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ijois-764.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-764.txt
summary:
  In light of this revelation, it can then be easily seen how Grossman’s definition too fits with this situation, and the fact remains that CIA involvement in the 1953 coup d’etat constitutes as an act of terrorism. As a result, the CIA led an immense role in the orchestration of the revolution and handpicked Iran’s successor, Reza Shah Pahlavi.


id: ijois-649
author: Prayugo, Vincent
date: 2020
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2759
sentence: 110
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ijois-649.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-649.txt
title:
  The Nuclear Weapons Program of the United States and its Strategic Value in the Twenty-First Century

summary:
  Proponents of denuclearization suggest nuclear weapons increase the risk of international conflict, claiming the size of the United States’ nuclear arsenal hinders non- proliferation efforts in foreign countries. However, recent nuclear tests in North Korea and the existence of unstable regimes, such as Iran and Pakistan, can undermine international peace and threaten regional or global nuclear war if they have access to nuclear weapons.


id: ijois-704
author: Vetticad, Ryan
title: The Justification of International Military Intervention in Response to Human Rights Abuses
date: 2021
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4547
sentence: 186
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ijois-704.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-704.txt
summary:
  When the nuance of human rights is added to the picture, the entire concept as a whole becomes increasingly difficult to delve into. Furthermore, adding the nuance of human rights to the picture, the entire concept as a whole becomes increasingly difficult to delve into.


id: ijois-638
author: Chaudhari, Siddharth Singh
title: A Case of Mistaken Identities: The Real Friends and Foes in the War in Afghanistan
date: 2020
pages: 21
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8428
sentence: 476
flesch: 43
cache: cache/ijois-638.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-638.txt
summary:
  Successive generations of Afghan governments, for instance, have claimed that the A Case of Mistaken Identities: The Real Friends and Foes in the War in Afghanistan Siddharth Singh Chaudhari 28 MAP EXHIBITING THE DURAND LINE terms laid out in the Dari and Pashto versions of the November 1893 agreement state, “the legality of the Afghan-Pakistan border should have lapsed in 1993, 100 years after the signing of the agreement” (Qassem 2007, 66). Highlighting territorial sovereignty and financial considerations, I argue that Pakistan is likely to continue to support the Afghan Taliban covertly, as an ongoing rivalry with India, an unresolved border dispute with Afghanistan, and an avaricious security establishment leave an unstable Afghanistan in the nation’s strategic interest.


id: ijois-771
author: Vetticad, Ryan
title: Letter from the Editor
date: 2021
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 525
sentence: 18
flesch: 34
cache: cache/ijois-771.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-771.txt
summary:
  IJOIS is a peer-reviewed academic journal founded in September 2015 by undergraduate students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in an effort to publish exceptional undergraduate papers on topics within international security or foreign affairs. For our eighth issue of the journal, we are excited to publish outstanding undergraduate papers that explore some of the most pressing issues within international security and foreign affairs, covering a wide range of topic areas and geographical regions.


id: ijois-763
author: Valiaveedu, Anthony
date: 2021
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1820
sentence: 106
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ijois-763.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-763.txt
title:
  The Ratification Question: Why the United States Should Ratify the Convention of the Rights for Persons with Disabilities

summary:
  Furthermore, ratification would be a massive symbol and critical push of United States human rights promotion. The United States has been and still is seen as a beacon for many nations in turmoil, and its position signifies great importance for the treaty overall.


id: ijois-637
author: Richardson, Kathleen
title: The People’s Republic of China’s Security Dependence on Semi-Autonomous Territories
date: 2020
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7437
sentence: 358
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ijois-637.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-637.txt
summary:
  However, during this time the issue of universal suffrage (the right of Hong Kong citizens to elect leaders through general elections without interference from the Beijing) would become the new point of contention. The china factor in Hong Kong elections: 1991 to 2016.


id: ijois-766
author: Monroe, James
title: Divide and Conquer: Separatism in Transcaucasia and Russian Intervention
date: 2021
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3154
sentence: 134
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ijois-766.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-766.txt
summary:
  David vs. Goliath: Russia, Georgia, and Secessionist South Ossetia and Abkhazia One Russian strategy of keeping the South Caucasus divided is to support the secessionist movements in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, thereby weakening Georgia. Why Russia Needs to Update Its South Caucasus Policy (Op-ed).


id: ijois-765
author: De Castro, Norman
title: On Private Military Companies and Hybrid Warfare
date: 2021
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2937
sentence: 118
flesch: 43
cache: cache/ijois-765.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-765.txt
summary:
  Hybrid warfare, as employed in modern grand-strategy, is an ever-evolving concept with borders as shadowy and grey as the actors used to deploy this type of strategy. In recent years, clear examples of hybrid warfare have come to light.


id: ijois-761
author: Lehman, Joseph
title: Public Right of Access to America’s War on Terror
date: 2021
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2287
sentence: 99
flesch: 54
cache: cache/ijois-761.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-761.txt
summary:
  So intense was the debate over the sedition acts that it20 “prompted debates on the nature of constitutional government itself” including two state attempts to nullify the federal law on First Amendment grounds. This impression of the importance of public access continued through to the historic trials of Thomas Preston and William Wemms in 1770.


id: ijois-647
author: Mitchell, Christopher
title: ISIS: The Evolution of a Terrorist State
date: 2020
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6198
sentence: 322
flesch: 61
cache: cache/ijois-647.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-647.txt
summary:
  US forces and tribal groups partnered together in the Anbar Awakening to decimate AQI, but AQI took this opportunity to morph into the Islamic State in Iraq (ISI). US forces quickly dispatched the Iraqi army and soon thereafter captured Saddam Hussein.


id: ijois-504
author: Weiss, Caleb
title: Transformative Networks: The Case of North Caucasian and Central Asian Jihadist Networks
date: 2017
pages: 38
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 17385
sentence: 963
flesch: 63
cache: cache/ijois-504.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-504.txt
summary:
  The local groups in the North Caucasus most certainly transformed due to the ideology being espoused by al Qaeda there, but at the time, personal connections with al Qaeda leaders, such as Zawahiri, Khattab, and UBL, appear to have also played a role. In jihadist propaganda, photos have been shared of Mahsum meeting with al Qaeda leaders Ayman al Zawahiri and bin Laden sometime before the September 11 attacks.


id: ijois-703
author: Sepich, Jake
title: In Support of an Independent Kurdistan
date: 2021
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5346
sentence: 334
flesch: 58
cache: cache/ijois-703.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-703.txt
summary:
  When discussing improving relations with United States allies, it bears considering a shift in view of the Middle East to bring the Kurds into the fold of close U.S. allies. Turkish Kurds have attempted to secede in recent time, but Turkey believes that if Iraqi Kurds succeed then it is only a matter of time before their Kurdish minority attempts to secede as well.


id: ijois-768
author: Valiaveedu, Anthony; Rybinski, Peter F.
title: The Race for Artificial Intelligence
date: 2021
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5486
sentence: 273
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ijois-768.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-768.txt
summary:
  Some have put forward the idea of utilizing AI research to create automated defenses against cyberattacks; using AI to protect current AI research as well as the rest of the nation, which will strengthen current cybersecurity protocols if implemented correctly, but achieving a functional and secure implementation, especially while the US still has yet to develop a true AI, will be a great challenge. Recent data shows that the United States still has the largest amount of AI startups in the world and is considered to have a far more nurturing economy for growth in AI development (Barhat) (Chun).


id: ijois-769
author: Hyams, Dylan
date: 2021
pages: 23
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9437
sentence: 327
flesch: 45
cache: cache/ijois-769.pdf
txt: txt/ijois-769.txt
title:
  Analysis of the Effects of Large-Scale Disasters on the Behavior of Non-State Violent Actors in Countries Already Under Duress

summary:
  For this paper, I will be analyzing the effects that disasters have with respect to the behavior of non-state violent actors (NSVAs) and subsequent influence on conflict continuation, escalation, and de-escalation, as well as the NSVAs ability to legitimize themselves in the view of the state and international community. While governments are busy fighting the virus and allocating extensive resources to its citizens, non-state violent actors have taken advantage of weakened governments and have started their own campaigns for the management of resources to populations in order to gain greater legitimacy and support, as well as cooperating with the government, and in some cases, continuing or escalating conflict.


# url

id: ijois-549
domain: thediplomat.com
url:
  https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/india-russia-to-soon-setdelivery-date-for-s-400-missile-air-defense-systems


id: ijois-549
domain: www.reuters.com
url:
  https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-russiadefence/armenia-ratifies-agreement-on-joint-air-defense-system-with-russiaiduskcn0zg2as


id: ijois-549
domain: aviationweek.com
url:
  http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/uploads/2015/07/asd_08_06_2015_dossier.pdf


id: ijois-549
domain: www.europarl.europa.eu
url:
  http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2014_2019/documents/sede/dv/sede240914natoresponseforcecomplete_/sede240914natoresponseforcecomplete_en.pdf


id: ijois-549
domain: www.eurasianet.org
url:
  https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/india-russia-to-soon-set-delivery-date-for-s-400https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/india-russia-to-soon-set-delivery-date-for-s-400http://www.eurasianet.org/node/84106


id: ijois-549
domain: worldview.stratfor.com
url:
  https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/transformationpolish-armed-forces-nato-and-military-modernization


id: ijois-549
domain: www.cacianalyst.org
url:
  https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/12652-uzbekistanwithout-the-csto.html


id: ijois-549
domain: www.cacianalyst.org
url:
  https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/12652-uzbekistan-without-the-csto.html


id: ijois-642
domain: www.nhregister.com
url:
  http://www.nhregister.com/connecticut/article/sex-trafficking-moves-to-social-media-to-find-11330629.php


id: ijois-390
domain: www.lowyinterpreter.org
url:
  http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2016/07/12/what-thaad-deployment-in-southkorea-means-for-china.aspx


id: ijois-390
domain: www.defense.gov
url:
  http://www.defense.gov/news-article-view/article/716156/work-robot-warshipdemonstrates-advances-in-autonomy-human-machine-collaboration


id: ijois-180
domain: www.nytimes.com
url:
  http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/23/us/harsh-penalties-prompt-rampant-test-cheatingnuclear-officers-say.html


id: ijois-180
domain: www.nytimes.com
url:
  http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/23/us/harsh-penalties-prompt-rampant-test-cheating-nuclear-officers-say.html


id: ijois-180
domain: sputniknews.com
url:
  http://sputniknews.com/us/20160320/1036633423/finger-trigger-american-nuclearmissile-security-unit-probed-drugs.html


id: ijois-184
domain: www.globalfirepower.com
url:
  http://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-comparisondetail.asp?form=form&country1=india&country2=pakistan&submit=compare+countries


id: ijois-184
domain: www.globalfirepower.com
url:
  http://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-comparison-detail.asp?form=form&country1=india&country2=pakistan&submit=compare+countries


id: ijois-184
domain: timesofindia.indiatimes.com
url:
  http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-china-set-to-end-16-day-chumar-stand-off-bysaturday/articleshow/43467644.cms


id: ijois-184
domain: timesofindia.indiatimes.com
url:
  http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-china-set-to-end-16-day-chumar-stand-off-by-saturday/articleshow/43467644.cms


id: ijois-182
domain: search.ebscohost.com.proxy2.library.illinois.edu
url:
  http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=9709081288&site=ehost-live


id: ijois-182
domain: search.ebscohost.com.proxy2.library.illinois.edu
url:
  http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&an=90050152&site=ehost-live


id: ijois-182
domain: www.history.com
url:
  http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/fidel-castro/videos/godfathers-of-havanacuba-castro--organized-crime


id: ijois-182
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/03/20/lobbyistsdescend-on-havana-for-obamas-historic-cuba-trip


id: ijois-182
domain: www.npr.org
url:
  http://www.npr.org/2016/03/21/471316370/obama-hopes-historic-visit-will-boost-cubasemerging-private-sector?utm_campaign=storyshare


id: ijois-182
domain: www.history.com
url:
  http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/fidel-castro/videos/godfathers-of-havana-cuba-castro--organized-crime


id: ijois-182
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/03/20/lobbyists-descend-on-havana-for-obamas-historic-cuba-trip


id: ijois-182
domain: www.npr.org
url:
  http://www.npr.org/2016/03/21/471316370/obama-hopes-historic-visit-will-boost-cubas-emerging-private-sector?utm_campaign=storyshare


id: ijois-182
domain: search.ebscohost.com.proxy2.library.illinois.edu
url:
  http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=84540686&site=ehost-live


id: ijois-182
domain: search.ebscohost.com.proxy2.library.illinois.edu
url:
  http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=102444412&site=ehost-live


id: ijois-547
domain: www.amnesty.org
url:
  https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/07/syria-abductions-torture-and-summarykillings-at-the-hands-of-armed-groups


id: ijois-547
domain: www.gppi.net
url:
  http://www.gppi.net/publications/peacesecurity/article/effective-and-responsible-protection-from-atrocity-crimes-toward-globalaction


id: ijois-547
domain: www.gppi.net
url:
  http://www.gppi.net/publications/peace-security/article/effective-and-responsible-protection-from-atrocity-crimes-toward-global-action


id: ijois-547
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/amnesty-syrian-government-profits-from-massabductions-detentions/2015/11/05/b28ff495-04e4-4877-b331b02fefa7fa01_story.html?utm_term=.5a707c0ab585


id: ijois-547
domain: www.telegraph.co.uk
url:
  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/8569383/turkeycondemns-violence-as-assads-helicopters-open-fire.html


id: ijois-547
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/amnesty-syrian-government-profits-from-mass-abductions-detentions/2015/11/05/b28ff495-04e4-4877-b331-b02fefa7fa01_story.html?utm_term=.5a707c0ab585


id: ijois-547
domain: www.telegraph.co.uk
url:
  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/8569383/turkey-condemns-violence-as-assads-helicopters-open-fire.html


id: ijois-762
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/patrick-pexton-what-about-israels-nuclear-weapons/2012/08/31/390e486


id: ijois-768
domain: www.cnbc.com
url:
  https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/04/china-aims-to-steal-us-a-i-crown-and-not-even-tradewar-will-stop-it.html


id: ijois-551
domain: www.businessinsider.com
url:
  www.businessinsider.com/european-companies-are-supplying-china-with-billions-inweapons-and-military-technology-2014-4


id: ijois-551
domain: www.reuters.com
url:
  www.reuters.com/article/breakoutbeidou/special-report-in-satellite-tech-race-china-hitched-a-ride-from-europeidusl4n0jj0j320131222


id: ijois-388
domain: www.defense.gov
url:
  http://www.defense.gov/news-articleview/article/632483/coalition-strikes-target-isil-terrorists-in-syria-iraq


id: ijois-550
domain: www.usaid.gov
url:
  https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1867/usaid-fact-sheetresilience-evidence-april-2017.pdf


id: ijois-550
domain: www.theguardian.com
url:
  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/13/food-aid-cuts-making-refugees-targetsfor-isis-recruitment


id: ijois-550
domain: www.usaid.gov
url:
  https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/resilience%20at%20usaid%20-%20infographic.pdf


id: ijois-550
domain: www.usaid.gov
url:
  https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1867/usaid-fact-sheet-resilience-evidence-april-2017.pdf


id: ijois-550
domain: www.theguardian.com
url:
  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/13/food-aid-cuts-making-refugees-targets-for-isis-recruitment


id: ijois-550
domain: digital.thechicagocouncil.org
url:
  https://digital.thechicagocouncil.org/worlds-largesthumanitariancrisis?utm_source=fb&utm_campaign=ysk18&utm_medium=social&utm_t


id: ijois-640
domain: content.ebscohost.com
url:
  http://content.ebscohost.com/contentserver.asp?t=p&p=an&k=6875067&s=r&d=asn&ebscocontent=dgjymnle80seprq4wtvholcmr1ceqk9ss6m4slgwxwxs&contentcustomer=dgjympgut1c3rlznuepfgeyx44dt6fia


id: ijois-638
domain: search-proquestcom.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca
url:
  http://myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/login?url=https://search-proquestcom.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/docview/204225657?accountid=14771


id: ijois-638
domain: search-proquestcom.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca
url:
  http://myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/login?url=https://search-proquestcom.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/docview/207591054?accountid=14771


id: ijois-638
domain: searchproquest-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca
url:
  http://myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/login?url=https://searchproquest-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/docview/59847917?accountid=14771


id: ijois-638
domain: search-proquestcom.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca
url:
  http://myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/login?url=https://search-proquestcom.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/docview/1559004154?accountid=14771


id: ijois-638
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id: ijois-637
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url:
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  https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-taiwan-president/taiwan-president-defiantafter-china-calls-for-reunification-iduskcn1ow0fn


id: ijois-637
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id: ijois-637
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url:
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id: ijois-637
domain: www.reuters.com
url:
  https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-taiwan-president/taiwan-president-defiant-after-china-calls-for-reunification-iduskcn1ow0fn


id: ijois-637
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
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id: ijois-637
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url:
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id: ijois-637
domain: www.reuters.com
url:
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id: ijois-637
domain: www.economist.com
url:
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id: ijois-637
domain: www.reuters.com
url:
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id: ijois-637
domain: www.reuters.com
url:
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url:
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id: ijois-637
domain: www.hongkongfp.com
url:
  https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-08-30/first-hong-kong-now-macau-chinas-former-westernhttps://www.pri.org/stories/2014-08-30/first-hong-kong-now-macau-chinas-former-westernhttps://www.hongkongfp.com/2017/03/25/i-hongkonger-china-loses-hearts-citys-young-generation


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domain: www.afhistory.af.mil
url:
  https://www.afhistory.af.mil/faqs/factsheets/article/458953/operation-provide-comfort-and-northern-watch/


id: ijois-703
domain: english.aawsat.com
url:
  https://english.aawsat.com//home/article/1556556/anti-iran-kurdish-official-asharq-alawsat-we-want-establish-independent-state


id: ijois-703
domain: thehill.com
url:
  https://thehill.com/opinion/international/352558-a-democratic-kurdistanwill-inspire-liberty-in-the-middle-east


id: ijois-703
domain: www.theatlantic.com
url:
  https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/09/kurdistanbarzani-iraq-turkey-blockade-oil/541149/


id: ijois-703
domain: www.nationalreview.com
url:
  https://www.nationalreview.com/2017/08/kurdistan-regional-government-independencevote-september-25-2017-iraq-iran-united-states/


id: ijois-703
domain: www.theguardian.com
url:
  https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/16/turkey-democracy-kurdishafrin-britain-syria-arming


id: ijois-703
domain: www.independent.co.uk
url:
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id: ijois-703
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id: ijois-703
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1979/03/03/gen-mustafabarzani-exiled-kurdish-chieftain-dies/d3982e1e-bb5f-4d13-8105f9ada7bac486/?utm_term=.7359061e20f7


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id: ijois-769
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id: ijois-769
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url:
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id: ijois-769
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url:
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id: ijois-769
domain: www.independent.co.uk
url:
  https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middleeast/coronavirus-lebanon-hezbollah-hospital-covid-19-pandemic-a9469266.html


# ent

id: ijois-184
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eid: 5
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entity:
  2009 http://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-comparison-detail.asp?form=form&country1=india&country2=pakistan&submit=compare+countries http://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-comparison-detail.asp?form=form&country1=india&country2=pakistan&submit=compare+countries


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id: ijois-182
sid: 211
eid: 2
type: PERSON
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type: ORG
entity:
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sid: 180
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2016/07/12/what-thaad-deployment-in-southkorea-means-for-china.aspx kristensen


id: ijois-390
sid: 184
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  http://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2015/03/chinese-nuclear-strategy-fullreport.pdf kulacki


id: ijois-180
sid: 212
eid: 2
type: GPE
entity:
  http://sputniknews.com/us/20160320/1036633423/finger-trigger-american-nuclearmissile-security-unit-probed-drugs.html talmadge


id: ijois-547
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eid: 2
type: PERSON
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  http://www.gppi.net/publications/peace-security/article/effective-and-responsible-protection-from-atrocity-crimes-toward-global-action/ http://www.gppi.net/publications/peace-security/article/effective-and-responsible-protection-from-atrocity-crimes-toward-global-action/ http://www.gppi.net/publications/peace-security/article/effective-and-responsible-protection-from-atrocity-crimes-toward-global-action/ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html


id: ijois-549
sid: 152
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/12652-uzbekistanwithout-the-csto.html united states navy


id: ijois-642
sid: 190
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  http://www.nhregister.com/connecticut/article/sex-trafficking-moves-to-social-media-to-find-11330629.php http://www.nhregister.com/connecticut/article/sex-trafficking-moves-to-social-media-to-find-11330629.php


id: ijois-698
sid: 160
eid: 1
type: LAW
entity:
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id: ijois-765
sid: 80
eid: 1
type: PERCENT
entity:
  39http://www.privatesecurityregulation.net/files/microsoft%20word%20-%20pmsc%20article,%20us,%20kevin %


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sid: 80
eid: 4
type: DATE
entity:
  36https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/06/02/implausible-deniability-russia-s-private-military-companies-pub-81954 39


id: ijois-550
sid: 253
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52370 https://foreignassistance.gov/analyze/wizard http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ethiopia/overview https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/resilience%20at%20usaid%20-%20infographic.pdf https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/resilience%20at%20usaid%20-%20infographic.pdf


id: ijois-637
sid: 277
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/29/hongkong-democracy-protests-china-umbrellas-police magcamit


id: ijois-637
sid: 297
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-taiwan-president/taiwan-president-defiant-after-china-calls-for-reunification-iduskcn1ow0fn https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-taiwan-president/taiwan-president-defiant-after-china-calls-for-reunification-iduskcn1ow0fn https://www.bloomberg.com/quicktake/the-uighurs


id: ijois-637
sid: 298
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/02/18/chinas-xi-jinping-is-growing-impatient-with-taiwan-adding-tensions-with-united-states/?utm_term=.98226653ad14 https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/02/18/chinas-xi-jinping-is-growing-impatient-with-taiwan-adding-tensions-with-united-states/?utm_term=.98226653ad14 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/01/world/asia/hong-kong-china-xi-jinping.html https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/01/world/asia/hong-kong-china-xi-jinping.html


id: ijois-637
sid: 310
eid: 1
type: GPE
entity:
  https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-military/us-eyes-taiwanrisk-as-chinas-military-capabilities-grow-iduskcn1p92tp siu-kai


id: ijois-637
sid: 319
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-election-timeline/timeline-taiwans-road-todemocracy-idustre7bc0e320111213 thim


id: ijois-637
sid: 335
eid: 1
type: GPE
entity:
  https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2017/09/15/why-macau-isless-demanding-of-democracy-than-hong-kong wong


id: ijois-638
sid: 302
eid: 2
type: DATE
entity:
  2): 84http://myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/docview/204225657?accountid=14771


id: ijois-638
sid: 311
eid: 1
type: PRODUCT
entity:
  http://resolver.scholarsportal.info/resolve/0163660x/v37i0002/119_ifpipa http://resolver.scholarsportal.info/resolve/0163660x/v37i0002/119_ifpipa


id: ijois-647
sid: 306
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/11/04/how-anamerican-prison-helped-ignite-the-islamic-state/ philippines


id: ijois-769
sid: 258
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/mexican-cartel-strategicnote-no-29-overview-cartel-activities-related-covid-19 carboni


id: ijois-769
sid: 260
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://acleddata.com/2020/10/27/breaking-thebarriers-one-year-of-demonstrations-in-lebanon/ chughtai


id: ijois-769
sid: 266
eid: 2
type: GPE
entity:
  https://www.wsj.com/articles/mexicoscartels-distribute-coronavirus-aid-to-win-popular-support-11589480979 diwan


id: ijois-769
sid: 315
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-wedo/disaster-management/about-disasters/what-is-a-disaster/ world health organization


# pos

id: ijois-179
sid: 1
tid: 7
pos: PUNCT
token:
  ..........................................................................................................

lemma:
  ..........................................................................................................


id: ijois-179
sid: 2
tid: 6
pos: PROPN
token:
  .............................................................................................................

lemma:
  .............................................................................................................


id: ijois-179
sid: 2
tid: 24
pos: PROPN
token:
  ........................................................................................................................

lemma:
  ........................................................................................................................


id: ijois-184
sid: 169
tid: 3
pos: NOUN
token:
  http://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-comparisondetail.asp?form=form&country1=india&country2=pakistan&submit=compare+countries

lemma:
  http://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-comparisondetail.asp?form=form&country1=india&country2=pakistan&submit=compare+countrie


id: ijois-184
sid: 176
tid: 16
pos: NOUN
token:
  http://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-comparison-detail.asp?form=form&country1=india&country2=pakistan&submit=compare+countries

lemma:
  http://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-comparison-detail.asp?form=form&country1=india&country2=pakistan&submit=compare+countrie


id: ijois-182
sid: 202
tid: 8
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/03/20/lobbyistsdescend-on-havana-for-obamas-historic-cuba-trip/

lemma:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/03/20/lobbyistsdescend-on-havana-for-obamas-historic-cuba-trip/


id: ijois-182
sid: 219
tid: 9
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/03/20/lobbyists-descend-on-havana-for-obamas-historic-cuba-trip/

lemma:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/03/20/lobbyists-descend-on-havana-for-obamas-historic-cuba-trip/


id: ijois-547
sid: 102
tid: 8
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/07/syria-abductions-torture-and-summarykillings-at-the-hands-of-armed-groups/

lemma:
  https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/07/syria-abductions-torture-and-summarykillings-at-the-hands-of-armed-groups/


id: ijois-547
sid: 105
tid: 8
pos: PROPN
token:
  http://www.gppi.net/publications/peacesecurity/article/effective-and-responsible-protection-from-atrocity-crimes-toward-globalaction/

lemma:
  http://www.gppi.net/publications/peacesecurity/article/effective-and-responsible-protection-from-atrocity-crimes-toward-globalaction/


id: ijois-547
sid: 136
tid: 11
pos: PROPN
token:
  http://www.gppi.net/publications/peace-security/article/effective-and-responsible-protection-from-atrocity-crimes-toward-global-action/

lemma:
  http://www.gppi.net/publications/peace-security/article/effective-and-responsible-protection-from-atrocity-crimes-toward-global-action/


id: ijois-696
sid: 2
tid: 62
pos: PROPN
token:
  .......................................................................................................................................

lemma:
  .......................................................................................................................................


id: ijois-549
sid: 137
tid: 4
pos: NUM
token:
  https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/india-russia-to-soon-setdelivery-date-for-s-400-missile-air-defense-systems/

lemma:
  https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/india-russia-to-soon-setdelivery-date-for-s-400-missile-air-defense-systems/


id: ijois-765
sid: 80
tid: 25
pos: NUM
token:
  39http://www.privatesecurityregulation.net/files/microsoft%20word%20-%20pmsc%20article,%20us,%20kevin

lemma:
  39http://www.privatesecurityregulation.net/files/microsoft%20word%20-%20pmsc%20article,%20us,%20kevin


id: ijois-765
sid: 80
tid: 33
pos: NUM
token:
  36https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/06/02/implausible-deniability-russia-s-private-military-companies-pub-81954

lemma:
  36https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/06/02/implausible-deniability-russia-s-private-military-companies-pub-81954


id: ijois-638
sid: 302
tid: 8
pos: NUM
token:
  84http://myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/docview/204225657?accountid=14771

lemma:
  84http://myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/docview/204225657?accountid=14771


id: ijois-637
sid: 297
tid: 4
pos: NOUN
token:
  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/30/-sp-hong-kong-umbrella-revolution-pro-democracy-protests

lemma:
  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/30/-sp-hong-kong-umbrella-revolution-pro-democracy-protest


id: ijois-637
sid: 347
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2017/09/15/why-macau-is-less-demandinghttps://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2017/09/15/why-macau-is-less-demandinghttps://thediplomat.com/2016/09/2-years-later-a-look-back-at-hong-kongs-umbrella-movement/

lemma:
  https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2017/09/15/why-macau-is-less-demandinghttps://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2017/09/15/why-macau-is-less-demandinghttps://thediplomat.com/2016/09/2-years-later-a-look-back-at-hong-kongs-umbrella-movement/


id: ijois-637
sid: 359
tid: 4
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-08-30/first-hong-kong-now-macau-chinas-former-westernhttps://www.pri.org/stories/2014-08-30/first-hong-kong-now-macau-chinas-former-westernhttps://www.hongkongfp.com/2017/03/25/i-hongkonger-china-loses-hearts-citys-young-generation/

lemma:
  https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-08-30/first-hong-kong-now-macau-chinas-former-westernhttps://www.pri.org/stories/2014-08-30/first-hong-kong-now-macau-chinas-former-westernhttps://www.hongkongfp.com/2017/03/25/i-hongkonger-china-loses-hearts-citys-young-generation/


id: ijois-703
sid: 202
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.afhistory.af.mil/faqs/factsheets/article/458953/operation-provide-comfort-and-northern-watch/.

lemma:
  https://www.afhistory.af.mil/faqs/factsheets/article/458953/operation-provide-comfort-and-northern-watch/.


id: ijois-703
sid: 262
tid: 1
pos: ADJ
token:
  https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/09/kurdistanbarzani-iraq-turkey-blockade-oil/541149/.

lemma:
  https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/09/kurdistanbarzani-iraq-turkey-blockade-oil/541149/.


id: ijois-703
sid: 265
tid: 17
pos: NOUN
token:
  https://www.nationalreview.com/2017/08/kurdistan-regional-government-independencevote-september-25-2017-iraq-iran-united-states/.

lemma:
  https://www.nationalreview.com/2017/08/kurdistan-regional-government-independencevote-september-25-2017-iraq-iran-united-states/.


id: ijois-647
sid: 306
tid: 8
pos: PROPN
token:
  http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/11/04/how-anamerican-prison-helped-ignite-the-islamic-state/

lemma:
  http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/11/04/how-anamerican-prison-helped-ignite-the-islamic-state/


id: ijois-769
sid: 256
tid: 8
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.genevacall.org/bringing-within-reach-the-importance-of-engaging-armednon-state-actors-to-tackle-the-covid-19-pandemic/

lemma:
  https://www.genevacall.org/bringing-within-reach-the-importance-of-engaging-armednon-state-actors-to-tackle-the-covid-19-pandemic/


