ijois: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called ijois.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

States; United; War; Nuclear; Military; Arms; Control; China; Conflict; Rights; Government; Terrorism; European; Ijois; Russia; Strikes; Paper; Insurgency; People; Evolution

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Contents by Burns, Dylan (2021) - Contents The Ethics of Cyber Warfare .......................................................................................................... 5 OPFOR, BLUFOR: A Comparative Analysis of NATO and the CSTO ...................................... 21 Failure of Cooperation in Arms Embargo Against China: Diversion of Interest and Decision Calculus of the European Union and the United States ................................................................ 33 Planting the Seeds for Stability: The Power of Development Diplomacy and the Impact of U.S. Agricultural Development Policy on Fragile States ..................................................................... 41 The Global Crisis in Syria............................................................................................................. 59 Compliance and Consequence: The Coexistence of Neoliberal Institutionalism and Realist States in a Nuclear World ........................................................................................................................ 67 Re-evaluating the Efficacy of Targeted Killing ............................................................................ 77 Keywords: states
• Redefining Deterrence: Nuclear Forensics and Administration Spending Priorities by Matchett, Leah (2016) - While there is an immense diversity of threats posed by nuclear weapons, these can be divided into two major categories- the threats of a great power nuclear exchange and the threats posed by sub-state actors acquiring nuclear weapons. Keywords: deterrence; force; material; new; nuclear; security; states; terrorism; united; weapons
• South Asia: After the Bomb by Prasad, Amrutha (2016) - Notably, possessing nuclear weapons has not prevented conflict between the parties; despite testing in 1998, India and Pakistan fought the Kargil War in 1999, fought using entirely conventional weapons. Unlike India and China, they have opted to use nuclear weapons only defensively rather than choosing a no first use policy. Keywords: china; conflict; countries; india; nuclear; pakistan; states; war; weapons
• American Foreign Policy Towards the Islamic State by Hoot, Derek (2016) - The White House Fact Sheet states that “[The United States is] supporting the new Iraqi government on efforts to govern inclusively and effectively.” One criticism of how the United States builds partner capacity involves the entities accepted into the security coalition. Keywords: administration; american; forces; government; iraq; islamic; policy; states; strategy; united; web
• Drones: A Projection of Force Abroad by Holevas, James (2016) - For drone strikes to fit in the legality of war, they must be administered during the presence of an armed conflict (Vogel, 2013). This change of description would also include members of the Taliban, who were thought to be harboring al Qaeda members and would later be targets of drone strikes (Vogel, 2013). Keywords: drone; states; strikes; terrorism; united; use
• Atomic Dragon: Chinese Nuclear Weapon Development and the Risk of Nuclear War by Wacks, Gabriel (2016) - The current US nuclear mentality is deeply worrying to China; In the view of Chinese experts, the US refusal to recognize its vulnerability to Chinese nuclear weapons is an indication that it seeks to develop the means to neutralize the Chinese nuclear program (Kulacki, 2016, p. 1). Shifting Chinese nuclear weapons to a high alert status, would make the world significantly less secure from the threat of nuclear war. Keywords: arms; china; chinese; control; military; nuclear; program; states; weapons
• START I: A Retrospective by Polen, Stuart (2017) - As START negotiations progressed, analysts found that the diffusion of power became more and more apparent. U.S. approach to START negotiations-I. Washington, D.C.: Keywords: agreement; arms; negotiations; power; start; states; talks; u.s; united; united states; ussr
• Contents by Bloch, Chase (2018) - Contents The Ethics of Cyber Warfare .......................................................................................................... 5 OPFOR, BLUFOR: A Comparative Analysis of NATO and the CSTO ...................................... 21 Failure of Cooperation in Arms Embargo Against China: Diversion of Interest and Decision Calculus of the European Union and the United States ................................................................ 33 Planting the Seeds for Stability: The Power of Development Diplomacy and the Impact of U.S. Agricultural Development Policy on Fragile States ..................................................................... 41 The Global Crisis in Syria............................................................................................................. 59 Compliance and Consequence: The Coexistence of Neoliberal Institutionalism and Realist States in a Nuclear World ........................................................................................................................ 67 Re-evaluating the Efficacy of Targeted Killing ............................................................................ 77 Keywords: states
• Compliance and Consequence: The Coexistence of Neoliberal Institutionalism and Realist States in a Nuclear World by McLain, Caitlin J. (2018) - Under Articles I and II of the NPT, the nuclear-armed states agree not to aid non-nuclear-armed states in the development of nuclear weapons and non-nuclear weapons states agree not to establish nuclear weapons programs (The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, 2012). This shows that the verification regime established by the CTBT has the ability to effectively monitor state compliance. Keywords: compliance; ctbt; institutionalism; nuclear; states; treaty; weapons
• OPFOR, BLUFOR: A Comparative Analysis of NATO and the CSTO by Tomczyk, Justin (2018) - When combined with the three fixed-wing aircraft carriers utilized by other NATO members (the Charles de Gaulle, Cavour, and newly commissioned Queen Elizabeth), the number of aircraft carriers operated by NATO forces grows to nine. It is not uncommon for NATO members to employ a combination of domestically produced arms and equipment imported from other members of the alliance. Keywords: air; alliance; csto; force; members; military; nato; russian; security; states
• Failure of Cooperation in Arms Embargo Against China: Diversion of Interest and Decision Calculus of the European Union and the United States by Ye, Zishen (2018) - “US Warns China on Taiwan, Sends Warships to Area.” Failure of Cooperation in Arms Embargo Against China: Diversion of Interest and Decision Calculus of the European Union and the United States Zishen Ye 3 the year 2000.6 Such blatant violations of the arms embargo by major European powers left the United States as one of the very few actors abiding by the arms embargo, despite the declaration on arms embargo is valid until the present day. Keywords: arms; china; embargo; european; interests; international; security; states
• A Case of Mistaken Identities: The Real Friends and Foes in the War in Afghanistan by Chaudhari, Siddharth Singh (2020) - Successive generations of Afghan governments, for instance, have claimed that the A Case of Mistaken Identities: The Real Friends and Foes in the War in Afghanistan Siddharth Singh Chaudhari 28 MAP EXHIBITING THE DURAND LINE terms laid out in the Dari and Pashto versions of the November 1893 agreement state, “the legality of the Afghan-Pakistan border should have lapsed in 1993, 100 years after the signing of the agreement” (Qassem 2007, 66). Highlighting territorial sovereignty and financial considerations, I argue that Pakistan is likely to continue to support the Afghan Taliban covertly, as an ongoing rivalry with India, an unresolved border dispute with Afghanistan, and an avaricious security establishment leave an unstable Afghanistan in the nation’s strategic interest. Keywords: afghan taliban; afghanistan; country; establishment; government; india; military; pakistan; security; september; states; support; taliban; u.s; united; war
• Empty Promises: The Denuclearization of Ukraine and its Effects Twenty Years Later by Meyer, Paisley Ann (2020) - Created in 1968 and extended indefinitely in 1995, the NPT separates the world into nuclear weapon and non-nuclear weapons states, making the development and procurement of nuclear weapons outside of the US, the UK, France, China, and Russia illegal under international law (Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 1968). Effectiveness of Deterrence Ukrainian disarmament is an instance used to illustrate that international cooperation towards nuclear disarmament is possible, but deterrence rather than disarmament continues to be the strategy held by nuclear weapons states. Keywords: npt; nuclear; russia; states; treaty; ukraine; weapons
• Cultural Insensitivities and Aggravating Factors in Iraq and Afghanistan by Hyams, Dylan (2020) - These programs have provided greater situational awareness among coalition troops and have implanted individuals with added knowledge of culture and language into frontline units, in an attempt to decrease the likelihood of cultural incidents to take place in the future. In order to further support grievance theory explanation and its tie to this paper, different cases backed by statistical data will be presented and elaborated on in order to prove that cultural insensitivity has had a negative impact on local populations and shows correlation with an increase in terrorist activity. Keywords: afghanistan; american; forces; iraq; states; united
• The Nuclear Weapons Program of the United States and its Strategic Value in the Twenty-First Century by Prayugo, Vincent (2020) - Proponents of denuclearization suggest nuclear weapons increase the risk of international conflict, claiming the size of the United States’ nuclear arsenal hinders non- proliferation efforts in foreign countries. However, recent nuclear tests in North Korea and the existence of unstable regimes, such as Iran and Pakistan, can undermine international peace and threaten regional or global nuclear war if they have access to nuclear weapons. Keywords: nuclear; program; security; states; united; war; weapons
• In Support of an Independent Kurdistan by Sepich, Jake (2021) - When discussing improving relations with United States allies, it bears considering a shift in view of the Middle East to bring the Kurds into the fold of close U.S. allies. Turkish Kurds have attempted to secede in recent time, but Turkey believes that if Iraqi Kurds succeed then it is only a matter of time before their Kurdish minority attempts to secede as well. Keywords: iran; iraq; kurdish; kurdistan; kurds; states; support; turkey; united
• The Ratification Question: Why the United States Should Ratify the Convention of the Rights for Persons with Disabilities by Valiaveedu, Anthony (2021) - Furthermore, ratification would be a massive symbol and critical push of United States human rights promotion. The United States has been and still is seen as a beacon for many nations in turmoil, and its position signifies great importance for the treaty overall. Keywords: convention; ratification; rights; states; united
• The Race for Artificial Intelligence by Valiaveedu, Anthony; Rybinski, Peter F. (2021) - Some have put forward the idea of utilizing AI research to create automated defenses against cyberattacks; using AI to protect current AI research as well as the rest of the nation, which will strengthen current cybersecurity protocols if implemented correctly, but achieving a functional and secure implementation, especially while the US still has yet to develop a true AI, will be a great challenge. Recent data shows that the United States still has the largest amount of AI startups in the world and is considered to have a far more nurturing economy for growth in AI development (Barhat) (Chun). Keywords: arms; china; control; development; intelligence; march; potential; program; security; states; united

• Picking up the Pieces: Populism and the European Union by Kotadia, Sonam; Tomczyk, Justin (2017) - There is also serious consideration towards enacting Article 7 of the European Union and suspending Hungary’s voting rights (European Parliament, May 2017), as Viktor Orban’s government has continuously obstructed actions related to refugee redistribution. These are all positions and policies enacted by the EU’s supranational structures like the European Commission and European Parliament – institutions that exist above the level of national governments. Keywords: european; european union; parties; policy; populist; right; union; united

• Evolution of Russian Military Force Since 1979 by Chappell, Christopher (2017) - In conclusion, the evolution of use of Russian military force has gone through distinct periods of change. In terms of future conflicts, if previous conflicts may be used as a blueprint, the next targets of Russian military force will be former Soviet States suffering from political division. Keywords: afghanistan; conflict; force; military; russian; soviet; strategy; war
• Transformative Networks: The Case of North Caucasian and Central Asian Jihadist Networks by Weiss, Caleb (2017) - The local groups in the North Caucasus most certainly transformed due to the ideology being espoused by al Qaeda there, but at the time, personal connections with al Qaeda leaders, such as Zawahiri, Khattab, and UBL, appear to have also played a role. In jihadist propaganda, photos have been shared of Mahsum meeting with al Qaeda leaders Ayman al Zawahiri and bin Laden sometime before the September 11 attacks. Keywords: afghanistan; al qaeda; case; caucasian; caucasus; central; chechen; chechnya; emirate; fighters; global; group; islamic; jihadist; long; networks; north; north caucasus; roggio; role; shishani; state; syria; war; weiss
• The Ethics of Cyber Warfare by Dayem, Lina (2018) - Taken together with the Charter of the United Nations, and assuming that a peaceable resolution cannot be forged, then it would be legally justified for state Y to respond to state X’s attack through military means, since state X has begun an illegal war against state Y, and Y has the right to defend itself against this attack. With recent strikes affecting critical infrastructures around the globe, the threats associated with cyber attacks no longer seem like science fiction. Keywords: aggression; attack; cyber; cyber attack; non; response; state; victim; war
• The Global Crisis in Syria by Hyams, Dylan H. (2018) - Actors and Interests Primary Pro-Assad Forces Syrian Arab Republic: On July 17, 2000, after the death of his father, Hafez al-Assad, Bashar al-Assad assumed the position of the President of Syria under the Ba’ath party, which rules under an authoritarian regime (Central Intelligence Agency, 2017). This sparked the first direct strike on Assad forces by the United States on April 6, 2017. Keywords: assad; conflict; december; regime; rights; syria; war
• The Paradigm Shifts in Intelligence: From 1800 to Present by Johnston, Madison K. (2020) - British intelligence services were keeping tabs on the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in order to contain their operations. The worlds’ superpowers were the main intelligence powers because they were the only nations who had the money to put into the development of intelligence services and agents. Keywords: british; information; intelligence; new; security; service; technology; time; war; warner
• At What Cost? Examining the Efficacy of Military Intervention by Kim, Keunhee (2021) - This is why they believe that international military intervention for humanitarian purposes should be the last step to resolve violations of human rights. International military intervention has been shown to have a negative global impact and to be ineffective at solving the tensions underlying the wars and situations in which human rights violations occur. Keywords: abuses; human; intervention; korea; military; north; rights; war
• The Justification of International Military Intervention in Response to Human Rights Abuses by Vetticad, Ryan (2021) - When the nuance of human rights is added to the picture, the entire concept as a whole becomes increasingly difficult to delve into. Furthermore, adding the nuance of human rights to the picture, the entire concept as a whole becomes increasingly difficult to delve into. Keywords: international; intervention; military; r2p; responsibility; rights; war

• The Current State of the US Nuclear Arsenal by Villotti, Maxx (2016) - Nuclear deterrence is still necessary to prevent other states from deploying nuclear weapons, and the arsenal in its current state will not be able to serve this purpose in the near future. By maintaining a nuclear deterrent, the United States is dissuading the Russian military from deploying nuclear weapons due to fear of retaliation. Keywords: arms; arsenal; nuclear; program; weapons
• The Nuclear Awakening of China by Hamel, Emma (2021) - Pentagon Sees China Progressing on SLBM. This comes as no surprise, as absolute control of the South China Sea would come with a multitude of benefits. Keywords: china; control; nuclear; program; sea; south
• A Response to Patrick Pexton What about Israel’s nuclear weapons? by Jaber, Ayah (2021) - Although Pexton condemns the systems which have created this position, specifically denouncing the media’s lack of comprehensive analysis and coverage of Israel’s nuclear weapons, his piece is deficient in giving the reader a thorough detailing of Israel's relationship with nuclear weapons. Pexton discusses one benefit of the United States not pressuring Israel to be open about possessing nuclear weapons -- that there is no added pressure for other Arab states to have their own nuclear weapons. Keywords: nuclear; weapons

• Analyzing the Economic Influences on the Evolution of the Russian Military Since 1991 by Klafta, Philip J. (2020) - “Why Russia Supports Assad.” I will begin by discussing how the political and economic conditions of the early 1990’s contributed to a weak and unorganized military in immediate post-Soviet Russia and will continue to talk about how specific policies and world oil prices contributed to an economic revival. Keywords: arms; economy; international; military; reform; russia; syria
• Public Right of Access to America’s War on Terror by Lehman, Joseph (2021) - So intense was the debate over the sedition acts that it20 “prompted debates on the nature of constitutional government itself” including two state attempts to nullify the federal law on First Amendment grounds. This impression of the importance of public access continued through to the historic trials of Thomas Preston and William Wemms in 1770. Keywords: access; amendment; military; public; right
• On Private Military Companies and Hybrid Warfare by De Castro, Norman (2021) - Hybrid warfare, as employed in modern grand-strategy, is an ever-evolving concept with borders as shadowy and grey as the actors used to deploy this type of strategy. In recent years, clear examples of hybrid warfare have come to light. Keywords: forces; group; international; military; pmcs; warfare

• Explaining Middle East Participation in the Convention Against Torture by Hoot, Derek (2016) - In other conflicts, political certainty is paramount, but there is no discernible pattern that implies that internal armed conflict, extrasystemic conflict, or interstate conflict influence state ratification behavior one way or the other. Because the nature and intensity of armed conflicts IJOIS Fall 2016, Volume II Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security 11 could potentially affect state ratification behavior as well as forms of government repression, I used UCDP/PRO's disaggregated conflict variables as well as their intensity variable. Keywords: arms; arms control; conflict; control; international; program; rights
• Jabhat Fatah al Sham's Implication on the Syrian Civil War and Beyond by Bolis, John (2016) - Background on Jabhat Fatah al Sham It is important to recognize that Jabhat Fatah al Sham is the Syrian-based branch of the world-wide terror organization al Qaeda. Jabhat Fatah al Sham officially came into the scene of the Syrian Civil war in January of 2012 after branching off from the Iraqi franchise of al Qaeda. Keywords: arms; control; fatah; jabhat; sham

• ISIS: The Evolution of a Terrorist State by Mitchell, Christopher (2020) - US forces and tribal groups partnered together in the Anbar Awakening to decimate AQI, but AQI took this opportunity to morph into the Islamic State in Iraq (ISI). US forces quickly dispatched the Iraqi army and soon thereafter captured Saddam Hussein. Keywords: aqi; control; forces; iraq; isis; islamic; new; security; state; warrick; zarqawi
• Analysis of the Effects of Large-Scale Disasters on the Behavior of Non-State Violent Actors in Countries Already Under Duress by Hyams, Dylan (2021) - For this paper, I will be analyzing the effects that disasters have with respect to the behavior of non-state violent actors (NSVAs) and subsequent influence on conflict continuation, escalation, and de-escalation, as well as the NSVAs ability to legitimize themselves in the view of the state and international community. While governments are busy fighting the virus and allocating extensive resources to its citizens, non-state violent actors have taken advantage of weakened governments and have started their own campaigns for the management of resources to populations in order to gain greater legitimacy and support, as well as cooperating with the government, and in some cases, continuing or escalating conflict. Keywords: actors; conflict; control; covid-19; disaster; government; international; non; november; pandemic; state; violence

• The People’s Republic of China’s Security Dependence on Semi-Autonomous Territories by Richardson, Kathleen (2020) - However, during this time the issue of universal suffrage (the right of Hong Kong citizens to elect leaders through general elections without interference from the Beijing) would become the new point of contention. The china factor in Hong Kong elections: 1991 to 2016. Keywords: china; chinese; east; hong; hong kong; kong; people; prc; relations; security; south; taiwan; territories

• Planting the Seeds for Stability: The Power of Development Diplomacy and the Impact of U.S. Agricultural Development Policy on Fragile States by Wehrli, Zach (2018) - By synthesizing their work to create a foundation for my own data analysis, I can utilize the existing logics articulated by these authors to strengthen my claim that US agricultural development policy has a direct impact on the stability of states in sub- Saharan Africa, which can also be interpreted to mean that increased spending on agricultural development on behalf of the United States should remain a goal of any comprehensive development or national security strategy. With this, I articulate an explicitly policy-driven final argument: not only does the data show that these types of policies can work, but they already are, which means that US agricultural development policy in particular should be continued and expanded. Keywords: assistance; conflict; development; development policy; ethiopia; food; fragility; policy; security; spending; stability; state

• A Return to Insurgency in Iraq: The Islamic State’s transition to insurgency and the Iraqi mistakes that have aided it by Cleary, Zachary (2020) - Iraq: Dozens found handcuffed, executed in, around Mosul: Evidence points to killings by government forces. Failure to provide reliable infrastructure and services reduces local faith in government, making IS a more attractive alternative. Keywords: forces; government; insurgency; iraq; islamic; population; rights; security; state; watch

• How US Joint Ventures are Playing a Political Role in US-Cuban Relations by Jarman, Hannah (2016) - In September of 2012, travel agency, Insight Cuba, lobbied the Senate Banking and Foreign Relations Committees as well as the House Appropriations Committee to help license renewal to continue sending tour groups to Cuba. Before President Obama’s trip to Cuba in March, 2016, Engage Cuba utilized ties to the White House to provide an agenda for the business-oriented discussion during Obama’s trip. Keywords: business; cuba; economy; embargo; government; international; investment; march; relations; tourism; ventures

• What Do They See? A Look at the Appeal of IS to Young Muslim Women Raised in the United Kingdom by Davis, Rebecca (2016) - This policy response vacuum can be filled by a relatively underutilized theory of foreign fighter recruitment that focuses on the cultural alienation of the immigrant. Thus, while radicalization may not directly cause an individual to leave their home to join in a conflict, foreign fighter recruitment could also attract people who have held those beliefs for a long time. Keywords: case; girls; identity; poverty; recruitment; research; syria; terrorism; theories; women
• The Political Psychology of Regime Change in Iran by Vetticad, Ryan (2021) - In light of this revelation, it can then be easily seen how Grossman’s definition too fits with this situation, and the fact remains that CIA involvement in the 1953 coup d’etat constitutes as an act of terrorism. As a result, the CIA led an immense role in the orchestration of the revolution and handpicked Iran’s successor, Reza Shah Pahlavi. Keywords: cia; definition; iran; mossadegh; shah; terrorism

• Disruptive Element: Frozen Conflicts and the CDRN by Tomczyk, Justin (2016) - Examples of cooperation between CDRN members includes the establishment of a visa regime for CDRN citizens and joint declarations of mutual defense in case of attack. The most visceral display of Russia's influence over CDRN members is its military presence. Keywords: cdrn; conflicts; european; members; russian; soviet; union

• Letter from the Editor and About the Journal by Harmon, Ian (2016) - For our second issue, we are excited to publish outstanding undergraduate papers that explore some of the most pressing issues within international security and foreign affairs, covering a wide range of topic areas and geographical regions. IJOIS utilizes a cross-disciplinary approach and accepts papers from students studying the social sciences, STEM fields, business and the humanities that analyze international security issues from innovative perspectives. Keywords: ijois; security
• About the Illini Journal of International Security by Bloch, Chase (2018) - About the Illini Journal of International Security The Illini Journal of International Security (IJOIS) is a peer-reviewed undergraduate academic journal that was founded in September 2015 by undergraduate students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. IJOIS is published biannually through the University of Illinois Library with the support of the Program of Arms Control & Domestic and International Security (ACDIS) and is comprised of exceptional undergraduate and graduate papers on topics related to international security or foreign affairs. Keywords: ijois
• About the Illini Journal of International Security by Hyams, Dylan (2021) - IJOIS Fall 2020, Volume VII Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security 4 About the Illini Journal of International Security The Illini Journal of International Security (IJOIS) is a peer-reviewed undergraduate academic journal that was founded in September 2015 by undergraduate students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. IJOIS is published biannually through the University of Illinois Library with the support of the Program of Arms Control & Domestic and International Security (ACDIS) and consists of exceptional undergraduate and graduate papers on topics related to international security or foreign affairs. Keywords: ijois

• Divide and Conquer: Separatism in Transcaucasia and Russian Intervention by Monroe, James (2021) - David vs. Goliath: Russia, Georgia, and Secessionist South Ossetia and Abkhazia One Russian strategy of keeping the South Caucasus divided is to support the secessionist movements in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, thereby weakening Georgia. Why Russia Needs to Update Its South Caucasus Policy (Op-ed). Keywords: azerbaijan; caucasus; georgia; russia; south

• Re-evaluating the Efficacy of Targeted Killing by Cleary, Zachary (2018) - This article seeks to demonstrate that, as the literature on targeted killing has matured and become more rigorous, the consensus has shifted from seeing targeted killings as an ineffective or counterproductive measure to viewing them as an effective tool. Despite the ubiquity of targeted killing, the academic community is divided as to its effectiveness. Keywords: attacks; groups; killing; leader; militant; strikes

• Letter from the Editor by Bloch, Chase (2018) - We publish exceptional papers on topics within international security or foreign affairs. Our fourth contains a culmination of seven papers that have been formed over the last year into exceptional papers covering a wide range of security and foreign policy topics. Keywords: paper; security
• Letter from the Editor by Vetticad, Ryan (2021) - IJOIS is a peer-reviewed academic journal founded in September 2015 by undergraduate students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in an effort to publish exceptional undergraduate papers on topics within international security or foreign affairs. For our eighth issue of the journal, we are excited to publish outstanding undergraduate papers that explore some of the most pressing issues within international security and foreign affairs, covering a wide range of topic areas and geographical regions. Keywords: paper; security

• Letter from the Editor by Szul, Christopher (2020) - These exceptional undergraduate papers present novel arguments on a wide array of issues within international security and foreign affairs. Dear reader, On behalf of the IJOIS Editorial Board, the Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security, the University Library, and the supportive academic community of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, we would like to thank you for reading the third issue of Illini Journal of International Security (IJOIS)! Keywords: insurgency; security

• Human Trafficking as a National Security Issue by Tymoszenko, Chloe (2020) - Additionally, information from Equality Now, a nongovernmental organization that works to help advance the rights of women, says that nearly 96% of sex trafficking victims are women. Funds from human trafficking are directly used to fund illicit activities like terrorism or organized crime syndicates while trafficking threatens human security by stealing the rights of individuals to their freedom. Keywords: human; media; national; people; security; sex; trafficking; victims

• Contents by Domagala, Jakob (2020) - SP20 Final edition IJOIS Spring 2020, Volume VI Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security 5 Contents Cultural Insensitivities and Aggravating Factors in Iraq and Afghanistan………………………7 Isis: The Evolution of a Terrorist State……………………………………………………….…15 Analyzing the Economic Influences on the Evolution of the Russian Military Since 1991…………………………………………………………………………………………..… 28 The Nuclear Weapons Program of the United States and its Strategic Value in the Twenty-First Century…………………………………………………………………………………...……...37 Keywords: evolution

Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-23