Review of the New World Erythroneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) I. Genera Erythroneura, Erasmoneura, Rossmoneura, and Hymetta Dmitry A. Dmitriev and Christopher H. Dietrich Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Volume 38, Article 2 August 2007 Illinois Natural History Survey, David L. Thomas, Chief A Division of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources Illinois Natural History Survey Distribution Office I-Building 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, IL 61820 Citation: Review of the New World Erythroneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). I. Genera Erythroneura, Erasmoneura, Rossmoneura, and Hymetta. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 38(2):59–128. Editor: Charles Warwick US ISSN 0073-4918 US ISBN 1-882932-14-5 Printed by authority of the State of Illinois © 2007 Ref. # B382807—.75M—08-07 Printed with soy ink on recycled and recyclable paper. Equal opportunity to participate in programs of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) and those funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other agencies is available to all individuals regardless of race, sex, national origin, disability, age, religion, or other non-merit factors. If you believe you have been discriminated against, contact the funding source’s civil rights office and/or the Equal Employment Opportunity Officer, IDNR, One Natural Resources Way, Spring- field, IL 62702-1271; 217/785-0067; TTY 217/782-9175. Plate1. Photos of Erythroneurini. a – Erythroneura palimpsesta McAtee; b – E. calycula McAtee; c – E. acuticephala Robinson; d – E. infuscata Gillette; e – Erasmoneura vulnerata Fitch; f – E. nigra Gillette; g – Rossmoneura carbonata McAtee; h – Hymetta balteata McAtee. h – photo by Claude Pilon. Review of the New World Erythroneurini I. Genera Erythroneura, Erasmoneura, Rossmoneura, and Hymetta Dmitry A. Dmitriev and Christopher H. Dietrich Acknowledgments For lending specimens, we are grateful to Norman Penny (California Academy of Sciences), K.G.A. Hamilton (Canadian National Collection, Ottawa), Boris Kondratieff (Colorado State University), Richard Brown (Mississippi State University), Stuart McKamey and Warren Steiner (National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.), Luciana Musetti and Creighton Freeman (Ohio State University), and Zachary Falin (University of Kansas). Stuart McKamey kindly provided access to his Leafhop- pers of the World Database, which included much of the nomenclatural information incorporated into our Erythroneurini database. Claude Pilon contributed a photo of Hymetta balteata McAtee. Unpublished drawings by L.W. Hepner included in this work are used with permission of the Mississippi Ento- mological Museum. Other previously published drawings reproduced in this work are in the public domain. Irena Dworakowska, Sterling Southern, and Herbert Nickel provided constructive criticism that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported in part by NSF grants DEB0315373 and DEB050529679, and Hatch award ILLU-875-361 to CHD. ii Review of the New World Erythroneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) I. Genera Erythroneura, Erasmoneura, Rossmoneura, and Hymetta Dmitry A. Dmitriev and Christopher H. Dietrich Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Volume 38, Article 2 August 2007 iii CONTENTS Plate 1 (Photos of Erythroneurini) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frontis Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Materials and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Plate 2 (50% majority rule tree from phylogenetic analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Genus Erythroneura Young, 1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Key to Adult Males of Erythroneura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Erythroneura kanwakae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Erythroneura fiduciaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Erythroneura prima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Erythroneura diva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Erythroneura browni. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Erythroneura comes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Erythroneura octonotata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Erythroneura amanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Erythroneura nudata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Erythroneura ortha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 Erythroneura festiva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Erythroneura gilensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Erythroneura pontifex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Erythroneura palimpsesta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Erythroneura beameri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Erythroneura reflecta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 Erythroneura integra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Erythroneura carinata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Erythroneura tricincta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Erythroneura cymbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Erythroneura calycula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Erythroneura vagabunda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 Erythroneura aza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Erythroneura glabra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Erythroneura elegantula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 Erythroneura acuticephala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Erythroneura aclys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Erythroneura bistrata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Erythroneura prosata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Erythroneura infuscata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Erythroneura cancellata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Erythroneura triapitsyni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Erythroneura bakeri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 Erythroneura anfracta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 Erythroneura ziczac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Erythroneura elegans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Erythroneura delicata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Erythroneura vitifex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Erythroneura rubra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 iv v Plate 1 (Photos of Erythroneurini) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frontis Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Materials and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Plate 2 (50% majority rule tree from phylogenetic analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Genus Erythroneura Young, 1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Key to Adult Males of Erythroneura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Erythroneura kanwakae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Erythroneura fiduciaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Erythroneura prima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Erythroneura diva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Erythroneura browni. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Erythroneura comes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Erythroneura octonotata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Erythroneura amanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Erythroneura nudata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Erythroneura ortha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 Erythroneura festiva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Erythroneura gilensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Erythroneura pontifex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Erythroneura palimpsesta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Erythroneura beameri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Erythroneura reflecta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 Erythroneura integra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Erythroneura carinata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Erythroneura tricincta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Erythroneura cymbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Erythroneura calycula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Erythroneura vagabunda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 Erythroneura aza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Erythroneura glabra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Erythroneura elegantula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 Erythroneura acuticephala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Erythroneura aclys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Erythroneura bistrata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Erythroneura prosata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Erythroneura infuscata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Erythroneura cancellata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Erythroneura triapitsyni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Erythroneura bakeri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 Erythroneura anfracta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 Erythroneura ziczac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Erythroneura elegans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Erythroneura delicata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Erythroneura vitifex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Erythroneura rubra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 Erythroneura vitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 Erythroneura coloradensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 Erythroneura fraxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 Erythroneura vaga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 Erythroneura kerzhneri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 Erythroneura kennedyi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 Erythroneura ancora. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 Erythroneura tacita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Erythroneura caetra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Erythroneura rosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 Erythroneura omaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 Erythroneura rubrella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 Erythroneura corni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 Erythroneura bidens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 Erythroneura ontari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106 Genus Erasmoneura Young, 1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Key to Species of the Genus Erasmoneura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Erasmoneura vulnerata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Erasmoneura fulmina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Erasmoneura variabilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Erasmoneura nigra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Erasmoneura nigerrima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Erasmoneura atra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Erasmoneura caerula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Erasmoneura rubricata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 Erasmoneura margaritae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 Erasmoneura emeljanovi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 Erasmoneura mixta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Erasmoneura bipentagona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Genus Rossmoneura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Key to Species of the Genus Rossmoneura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Rossmoneura carbonata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Rossmoneura tecta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 Rossmoneura calva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Genus Hymetta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Key to Species of the Genus Hymetta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 Hymetta kansasensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 Hymetta balteata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 Hymetta anthisma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 Hymetta trifasciata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Hymetta arizoniana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 59 Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). I. Genera Erythroneura, Erasmoneura, Rossmoneura, and Hymetta Dmitry A. Dmitriev and Christopher H. Dietrich Abstract This review provides descriptions, illustrations, keys for identification, and summaries of distribu- tions and host plants for all known species of the genera Erythroneura (54 species), Erasmoneura (12 species), Rossmoneura (3 species), and Hymetta (5 species). Erythroneura browni sp.n., E. ortha sp.n., E. carinata sp.n., E. glabra sp.n., E. bakeri sp.n., E. kerzhneri sp.n. from Central and Eastern USA, E. triapitsyni sp.n. from New Mexico, Erasmoneura margaritae sp.n. from Illinois, and E. emeljanovi sp.n. from South Carolina are described as new. The following new synonyms are recognized: Erythroneura prima Beamer equals E. maritima Hamilton syn. n.; E. diva McAtee equals E. tricincta var. complementa McAtee syn. n.; E. octonotata Walsh equals E. comes var. compta McAtee syn. n., E. cherokee Robinson syn. n., E. compta var. rufomaculata McAtee syn. n., and E. nigroscuta Johnson syn. n.; E. cymbium McAtee equals E. tricincta var. disjuncta McAtee syn. n.; E. calycula McAtee equals E. tricincta var. erasa McAtee syn. n. and E. tricincta var. noncincta Johnson syn. n.; E. ziczac Walsh equals E. ziczac var. walshi Beamer syn. n.; E. delicata McAtee equals E. comes var. accepta McAtee syn. n., E. scripta Robinson syn. n., and E. tudella Robinson syn. n.; E. rosa Robinson equals E. repetita McAtee, syn. n.; E. kerzhneri sp.n. equals E. vaga sensu Beamer, 1938 (not Johnson, 1934); Erasmoneura vulnerata Fitch equals E. gradata Robinson syn. n.; Erasmoneura fulmina McAtee equals E. bicolorata Beamer syn. n.; Erasmoneura nigra Gillette equals E. vulnerata var. decora McAtee syn. n.; Erasmoneura niger- rima McAtee equals E. atrata Johnson syn. n.; Hymetta balteata McAtee equals H. trifasciata var. albata McAtee syn. n. and H. balteata var. mediana Fairbairn syn. n.; H. anthisma McAtee equals H. distincta Fairbairn syn. n.; Erasmoneura atra Johnson, 1935 is restored and equal to E. niger- rima sensu Beamer, 1946 (not McAtee, 1920). Neotypes are designated for Erythroneura octono- tata Walsh, E. tricincta Fitch, and Hymetta trifasciata Say. Keywords: Auchenorrhyncha, Homoptera, leafhopper, morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy, USA. Vol. 38 Art. 260 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Introduction The leafhopper tribe Erythroneurini is a diverse group of tiny, delicate leafhoppers that, in the New World, appears to be most diverse in the deciduous forests of temperate North America where species occur on a wide variety of woody host plants. In a recent paper (Dietrich and Dmitriev 2006), we proposed a revised genus-level classification for New World Erythroneurini, recognizing 18 New World genera, including three taxa previously treated as subgenera of Erythroneura (sensu lato). Spe- cies belonging to five genera restricted to South America, and the small North American genera Aztegina Dietrich and Dmitriev, Hepzygina Dietrich and Dmitriev, Illinigina Dietrich and Dmitriev, Mexigina Dietrich and Dmitriev, and Nelionidia Dietrich and Dmitriev were treated by Dietrich and Dmitriev (2006). In this and subsequent papers, we provide species-level treatments of the remaining genera of Erytho- neurini known to occur in North America. This paper treats the genera Erythroneura, Erasmo- neura, Rossmoneura, and Hymetta. Revisions of the genera Erythridula, Eratoneura, and Zyginama are in preparation. Taxonomic study of New World Erythro- neurini began with Fitch (1851), who described the genus Erythroneura based on four species and one variety from New York. Later, Oshanin (1912) designated E. tricincta Fitch as the type species. The genus was first revised by McAtee (1920), who described many additional species and varieties, and organized the species into six informal groups based on wing venation. McAtee (1918, 1919, 1920, 1924a, 1924b, 1924c, 1926) recognized species and variet- ies based on color pattern, usually selecting females as holotypes. Lawson (1920) and Robinson (1926) were the first to recognize the importance of the male genitalia for diagnosing species of Erythroneura, and provided the first drawings and descriptions of these structures. However, their keys continued to include only characters of the forewing venation and color pattern. Robinson recognized five groups of species within the genus. In a series of publi- cations, Beamer (1927, 1929, 1930a, 1930b, 1931a, 1931b, 1931c, 1931d, 1932a, 1932b, 1932c, 1932d, 1932e, 1932f, 1932g, 1932h, 1932i, 1937, 1938, 1946) revised Erythroneura comprehensively, treating each of four spe- cies groups (Beamer 1938) in turn: (Beamer 1930b – obliqua group; Beamer 1931a–1932h – maculata group; Beamer 1938—comes group; Beamer 1946—vulnerata group). Beamer provided illustrations of the male geni- talia for all known species, incorporated these characters into his keys, and associated males with most of the species and varieties that had been described by McAtee based on females. Johnson (1935) independently revised the spe- cies of Erythroneura from Ohio and provided a key for their identification. She described many new species in this and subsiquent papers (Knull 1945, 1946, 1951a, 1951b, 1954a, 1954b, 1955). In his generic revision of West- ern Hemipshere Typhlocybinae, Young (1952) established subgenera for each of Beamer’s species groups: Erythridula, Eratoneura, Ery- throneura, and Erasmoneura, respectively, and included these in a new tribe, Erythroneurini, along with two other genera: Zygina Fieber and Hymetta McAtee (revised by Fairbairn 1928b). After these revisions, H.H. Ross (with D.M. DeLong) and L.W. Hepner described about 300 additional species of Erythroneura. Dietrich and Dmitriev (2006) elevated the subgenera to the genus level, and transferred three species of Erasmoneura into the new genus Rossmoneura. Species presently included in the four genera treated here are all apparently native to temperate North America, where they feed and oviposit mainly on woody deciduous hosts. A few species of Erasmoneura and Rossmoneura utilize herbs as hosts for both feeding and ovi- position. Adults overwinter in leaf litter. In the spring, they emerge and feed on the new leaves of early emerging deciduous plants before migrating to their “definitive” summer host plants where they mate and lay the eggs (Ross and DeLong 1953). Most species oviposit and undergo nymphal development on a single (or a group of closely related) plant species. In the southern USA, they complete two or more gen- erations per year, but in the North there may be but a single generation. In the fall, adults may again feed on variety host plants prior to seek- ing out winter shelter. Most New World species of Erythroneurini have no known economic im- portance, but a few are important pests of grape (McAtee 1920, Robinson 1926, Martinson and Dennehy 1995, Zimmerman et al. 1996, Duso, et al. 2005) and apple (Beamer 1930a). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 61 Material and Methods Few previous workers have specifically tar- geted Erythroneurini in their collecting, and specimens from trap catches and other general collecting that find their way into curated collec- tions are often in very poor condition. Because of this, and due to time and budget constraints, this study focused only on collections known to contain large numbers of well-curated specimens of Erythroneurini, as well as those housing primary types: Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Ohio State University (OSU), University of Kansas Natural History Museum (KSEM), Mississippi State University, Missis- sippi Entomological Museum (MEM), Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes (CNC), Smithsonian National Muse- um of Natural History (USNM), Colorado State University (CSUC), California Academy of Sci- ences (CAS). The numbers of studied specimens from each collection are summarized in Table 1. Future collecting will undoubtedly show that the distributions of most species are much broader than indicated on the maps accompanying indi- vidual species treatments. Although these maps show regional biases reflecting the locations and holdings of the studied collections, they are based on vouchered collection records and, thus, accurately reflect current knowledge of species distributions. The type locality is marked with a star on the maps. Identification of species was mainly based on type material. In some cases, when the type was not located, or the holotype is a female (e.g., most McAtee’s species), we followed Beamer’s (1927, 1929, 1930a, 1930b, 1931a, 1931b, 1931c, 1931d, 1932a, 1932b, 1932c, 1932d, 1932e, 1932f, 1932g, 1932h, 1932i, 1937, 1938, 1946) interpretation, based on study of dissected male specimens that he labeled “al- lotype” to indicate that they had been compared to the female primary types of previous workers. Although Beamer’s “allotypes” have no official standing in nomenclature, these dissected male specimens facilitate unambiguous interpretation of Beamer’s concept of the species. Morphological terminology follows Diet- rich and Dmitriev (2006). Although individual genera, and in many cases species, have a characteristic color pattern, details and intensity may be highly variable both inter- and intraspe- cifically. Overwintering individuals tend to be more brightly colored than adults of the summer generation of the same species. This has result- ed in many species being described multiple times based on different color forms. Species of Erythroneura have the most diverse color patterns. In the descriptions below, the pat- tern of fully colored individuals is described, although completely or almost completely discolored forms are known for most species. Thus, identification keys are based mainly on male genitalia, with external characters used only for supplemental purposes. Each species is illustrated by one or more habitus photos taken using a Microptics digital imaging system. Original drawings were prepared only in cases where those available from other sources were deemed inaccurate. Thus, numerous figures are reproduced from other sources, as noted in the figure captions. Inconsistencies (e.g., in line thickness) among line drawings reflect differences in the drawing styles of previous authors. In all cases, figures reproduced from previous publications are either in the public domain or are reproduced with permission. Line drawings of the male genitalia ac- companying each species treatment are labeled as follows: a – habitus; b – pygofer or pygofer dorsal appendage, lateral view; c – style apex, broad aspect; d – aedeagus, lateral view; e – aedeagus, ventral view; f – connective. Nomenclatural, distributional, morpho- logical and host-plant data summarized below were extracted from a relational specimen- level database of Erythroneurini (Dmitriev & Dietrich, 2003 onwards), developed using the 3I software package (Dmitriev 2006). The on- line database provides more detailed informa- tion for each species, including a complete list of specimens examined, photos of type specimens, and interactive keys to species and genera. In the species treatments below, only summer host plants are listed, although most species have also been collected from plants other than their oviposition hosts. To examine the phylogenetic relationships among species, a matrix of 63 morphologi- cal characters was compiled for 73 species Vol. 38 Art. 262 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin of Erythroneura, Erasmoneura (excluding E. bipentagona Beamer), Rossmoneura, Hymetta, and 13 species from the related genera Eryth- ridula, Eratoneura, Illinigina, and Neoimbe- cilla. Erythridula was selected as the outgroup based on results of a previous analysis (Dietrich and Dmitriev 2006). Phylogenetic analysis of this matrix was performed using PAUP* 4.0 (Swofford 1998) with 10,000 random addition sequences (nchuck = 5, chuckscore = 1), and subsequent TBR branch swapping on islands of most parsimonious trees. All multistate charac- ters were treated as non-additive (unordered) except one: Articulation of dorsal pygofer appendage with three ordered states—articu- lated, not articulated but separated by suture, and fused. Characters were assigned different weights a priori based on their complexity and intraspecific variability. Complex characters that varied little within species were assigned weight = 4; color pattern characters, which are highly variable within some species, were assigned weight = 1; all other characters were assigned weight = 2. Branch support was measured by calculat- ing the decay index (Bremer 1994) for each consistently resolved node on the most parsi- monious trees. This was accomplished using the “enforce topological constraints” option to search for the shortest tree(s) not compat- ible with each node, using the heuristic search algorithm in PAUP*. Specimens of newly described taxa are deposited in the insect collections of the Il- linois Natural History Survey (Champaign), University of Kansas Natural History Museum (Lawrence), and Mississippi State University (Starkville). Table 1. Collections and studied material.1 # Species Museums INHS OSU KSEM MEM CNC USNM CSUC CAS 1 Erythroneura kanwakae Robinson 5 19 33 3 23 2 E. fiduciaria Knull 43 27 2 3 E. prima Beamer 9 1 35 4 E. diva McAtee 6 76 78 53 2 5 E. browni sp.n. 1 51 6 E. comes Say 299 321 65 188 147 7 E. octonotata Walsh 943 266 90 525 1 8 E. amanda McAtee 12 14 1 9 E. nudata McAtee 115 242 81 417 2 1 10 E. ortha sp.n. 1 73 11 E. festiva Beamer 167 57 158 34 12 E. gilensis Beamer 2 46 27 8 2 13 E. pontifex McAtee 126 36 28 7 14 E. palimpsesta McAtee 21 13 8 6 15 E. beameri Robinson 123 207 111 82 4 16 E. reflecta McAtee 143 105 25 15 1 17 E. integra McAtee 11 39 16 62 1 1 18 E. carinata sp.n. 27 25 19 E. tricincta Fitch 17 162 21 32 94 20 E. cymbium McAtee 35 91 55 198 2 21 E. calycula McAtee 54 203 119 292 2 22 E. vagabunda Knull 12 25 1 1 23 E. aza Robinson 16 13 3 17 24 E. glabra sp.n. 3 25 E. elegantula Osborn 173 16 165 22 4 26 E. acuticephala Robinson 20 24 42 27 27 E. aclys McAtee 155 97 67 199 1 3 28 E. bistrata McAtee 130 103 321 431 2 29 E. prosata Johnson 64 24 7 30 E. infuscata Gillette 15 58 68 9 1 1 31 E. cancellata McAtee 109 40 42 6 1 32 E. triapitsyni sp.n. 19 Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 63 33 E. bakeri sp.n. 12 23 34 E. anfracta Beamer 2 108 85 6 15 35 E. ziczac Walsh 911 163 108 44 183 2 36 E. elegans McAtee 217 370 59 2 5 1 7 37 E. delicata McAtee 212 272 149 38 7 2 38 E. vitifex Fitch 41 321 52 11 56 1 1 39 E. rubra Gillette 63 195 103 46 2 1 2 40 E. vitis Harris 932 424 146 287 212 2 41 E. coloradensis Gillette 225 52 49 22 8 1 6 42 E. fraxa Robinson 49 7 102 54 43 E. vaga Johnson 41 64 1 79 44 E. kerzhneri sp.n. 70 73 45 E. kennedyi Knull 16 46 E. ancora Beamer 3 47 E. tacita Beamer 81 4 1 48 E. caetra McAtee 19 4 141 5 14 1 49 E. rosa Robinson 50 109 104 23 66 50 E. omaska Robinson 244 22 67 74 51 E. rubrella McAtee 987 31 77 26 59 1 52 E. corni Robinson 66 60 155 646 23 53 E. bidens McAtee 38 29 23 16 2 2 54 E. ontari Robinson 19 110 141 11 84 55 Erasmoneura vulnerata Fitch 805 487 76 809 71 5 56 E. fulmina McAtee 20 18 19 3 2 57 E. variabilis Beamer 242 227 404 7 178 2 58 E. nigra Gillette 95 60 161 23 16 2 3 59 E. nigerrima McAtee 14 105 1 60 E. atra Johnson 46 72 22 25 61 E. caerula Beamer 37 28 1 62 E. rubricata Van Duzee 24 8 405 1 1 63 E. margaritae sp.n. 17 1 64 E. emeljanovi sp.n. 19 65 E. mixta Beamer 9 188 1 66 E. bipentagona Beamer 1 67 Rossmoneura carbonata McAtee 3 218 6 132 68 R. tecta McAtee 7 37 14 1 1 69 R. calva Beamer 42 1 12 70 Hymetta kansasensis Fairbairn 41 3 9 30 71 H. balteata McAtee 52 164 24 58 2 72 H. anthisma McAtee 27 72 19 1 1 73 H. trifasciata Say 37 41 37 74 H. arizoniana Fairbairn 102 17 1 Results The phylogenetic analysis of morphological data with a priori character weighting recovered 2,325 equally parsimonious trees of length 1,119, rescaled consistency index 0.236, and retention index 0.725. The 50% majority rule tree (Plate 2) recovered all included genera as monophyletic, although on some trees Eratoneura was para- phyletic with respect to Erythroneura, and many relationships within Erythroneura were poorly resolved. Analysis of the same data with all characters having weight = 1 recovered 484 equally parsimonious trees of length 699. Although these 1 The table shows the number of studied specimens from each collection. See “Material and Methods” for the museum abbreviations. trees were 12 steps shorter than the trees obtained in the analysis based on weighted characters (length calculated based on all weights = 1), we prefer the latter estimate because it requires less homoplasy in the characters considered to be more reliable, and the consensus tree resulting from the analysis of equally weighted characters (not shown) was considerably less well resolved. Vol. 38 Art. 264 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Plate 2. 50% majority rule tree from phylogenetic analysis. Percentage of the trees supporting the node are given above the branches, and decay indices are given below the branches. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 65 Taxonomy Tribe Erythroneurini Young, 1952 Zyginae Zachvatkin, 1946:152, nom.nud. Erythroneurini Young, 1952:70 (Type: Erythroneura Fitch, 1851) Bakerini Mahmood, 1967:21 (Type: Bakera Mahmood, 1967) Genus Erythroneura Fitch, 1851 Erythroneura Fitch, 1851:62 Eurythroneura Rathvon, 1869:551, missp. Erythroneura Oshanin, 1912:114 (Type: Erythroneura tricincta Fitch, 1851 desig- nated) Erthroneura Matsumura, 1932:190, missp. Erythroueura Lindberg, 1948:161, missp. Erythroneura (Erythroneura) Young, 1952:79 Description: Length 2.4–3.7 mm, rela- tively slender. Head narrower than pronotum; crown fore margin strongly produced and angulate medially; ocelli absent or vestigial. Face depressed in profile, less than 45° from horizontal; anteclypeus narrow in both sexes. Forewing outer apical cell about 2X as long as wide or longer; second apical cell quadrate (ir crossvein present); third apical cell paral- lel sided, straight; CuP longer than segment of CuA between Cu and MP; basal segment of MP longer than basal segment of CuA; inner apical cell with transverse base; Pcu not visible. Hindwing apex broadly rounded or truncate; submarginal vein not extended to wing apex; RA present; MP and CuA fused or separated by m-cu crossvein. Front femur AV row with one basal seta distinctly larger than others; PV row without fine basal setae. Pygofer apex not extended to apex of subgenital plate; dorsal emargination extended to base of segment; dor- solateral internal ridge absent; basolateral setae in distinct group, small; distal setae undifferen- tiated; sparse long fine setae present; apex with rigid setae on internal surface. Pygofer dorsal appendage immovably fused to margin, with- out basal suture, bifurcate near base, usually C-shaped, branches widely separated; ventral appendages absent. Subgenital plates free, lat- eral margin with angulate subbasal projection, section basad of medial constriction shorter than distal section; with four basal macrosetae uniseriate along margin; distinct marginal sub- basal small rigid setae forming continuous row. Style preapical lobe prominent; apex usually with three points. Aedeagus articulated to con- nective; dorsal apodeme broadly expanded in lateral view, usually triangular in ventral view, without sclerotized connection to anal tube or pygofer appendages. Aedeagus with preatrium short or long; shaft symmetrical, in most cases with ventral and/or distal processes. Connective without median anterior lobe; arms long; stem well developed; depressed. Anal tube without processes. Coloration highly variable among, and in some cases within, species; usually white or yellow overall with orange, reddish, or brown- ish oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern or broken into separate flecks; cross- bands present in some species; forewing often with dark spot on costal margin, near apex of apical cell II, and at base of inner apical cell. Distribution: Temperate North America; E. elegantula Osborn is known from Panama (ap- parently introduced). Species of Erythroneura described from the Old World were listed as incertae sedis by Dietrich and Dmitriev (2006) and need to be transferred into other genera. Host plants: Deciduous trees, shrubs, and vines; most species recorded from Vitis spp. Vol. 38 Art. 266 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Key to Adult Males of Erythroneura 1. Pygofer dorsal appendage three-pointed (ventral branch bifurcate) (Fig. 1b) ...............................2 1’. Pygofer dorsal appendage two-pointed (C-shaped) (Fig. 4b). .....................................................4 2(1). Aedeagus ventral processes distally bifurcate (Figs. 2d, 2e). ...................................................3 2’. Aedeagus ventral processes not bifurcate, strongly sinuate in lateral view (Figs. 1d, 1e). ........... ............................................................................................................... 1. E. kanwakae Robinson 3(2). Lateral branch of aedeagus ventral process longer than medial branch (Fig. 2e). Anteclypeus pale. Larger (3.3–3.7 mm). .................................................... 2. E. fiduciaria Knull 3’. Lateral branch of aedeagus ventral process shorter than medial branch (Fig. 3e). Anteclypeus dark. Smaller (2.7–3 mm). ........................................................ 3. E. prima Beamer 4(1). Aedeagus with ventral processes (Figs. 4d, 4e). ..................................................................... 5 4’. Aedeagus without ventral processes (Figs. 52d, 52e). ............................................................. 52 5(4). Aedeagus ventral processes as long as shaft or longer (Figs. 4d, 4e). .................................... 6 5’. Aedeagus ventral processes shorter than shaft (Fig. 46d). ....................................................... 46 6(5). Aedeagus ventral processes bifurcated or with preapical projection (Figs. 6d1, 7d). ..............7 6’. Aedeagus ventral processes simple (Fig. 10d). ........................................................................ 11 7(6). Aedeagus ventral process with short preapical projection (Fig. 6d1). .................................... 8 7’. Aedeagus ventral process with two long branches subequal in length (Fig. 7d). .................... 10 8(7). Third point of style apex shorter than distance between other two points (Fig. 4c). Forewing with narrow red crossband (Fig. 4a). ............................................... 4. E. diva McAtee 8’. Third point of style apex longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 6c). Forewing without crossband. ....................................................................................................... 9 9(8). Apex of aedeagus extended well beyond bases of distal processes, with distinct spicules (Fig. 5e). ............................................................................................................. 5. E. browni sp.n 9’. Apex of aedeagus not extended beyond bases of distal processes, without spicules (Fig. 6e). .............................................................................................................. 6. E. comes Say 10(7). Aedeagus ventral processes bifurcate close to base (Fig. 7d). Clavus with black spot (Fig. 7a). ................................................................................................... 7. E. octonotata Walsh 10’. Aedeagus ventral processes bifurcate more distad from base (Fig. 8d). Clavus without black spot; forewing with broad red crossband (Fig. 8a). .......................... 8. E. amanda McAtee 11(6). Third point of style apex elongate, about as long or longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 16c). ....................................................................................................... 12 11’. Third point of style apex shorter than distance between other two points (Fig. 19c). ........... 21 12(11). Aedeagus ventral processes nearly parallel to each other (Fig. 9e). ................................. 13 12’. Aedeagus ventral processes strongly divergent apically (Fig. 16e). ...................................... 15 13(12). Aedeagus ventral processes strongly sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 9d). .................................. ........................................................................................................................9. E. nudata McAtee 13’. Aedeagus ventral processes straight or only slightly sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 10d). ....... 14 14(13). Apex of aedeagus extended well beyond bases of distal processes, compressed, with distinct apical spicules. Aedeagus distal processes strongly divergent in ventral view (Fig. 10e). Anteclypeus pale. ............................................................................................... 10. E. ortha sp.n. 14’. Apex of aedeagus extended little beyond bases of distal processes, rounded in crossection, without spicules. Aedeagus distal processes parallel in ventral view (Fig. 11e). Anteclypeus dark. ...................................................................................... 11. E. festiva Beamer 15(12). Apex of aedeagus extended well beyond bases of distal processes (Fig. 11e). ................ 16 15’. Apex of aedeagus extended little if any beyond bases of distal processes (Fig. 16e). ............18 16(15). Shaft of aedeagus denticulate distally (Figs, 5d, 5e). ............................... 5. E. browni sp.n 16’. Shaft of aedeagus smooth (Figs. 12d, 12e). ........................................................................... 17 17(16). Aedeagus ventral processes curved dorsad distally in lateral view (Fig. 12d). Vertex with orange pattern (Fig. 12a). ..................................................... 12. E. gilensis Beamer 17’. Aedeagus ventral processes curved ventrad distally in lateral view (Fig. 13d). Vertex usually black (Fig. 13a). .......................................................................... 13. E. pontifex McAtee 18(15). Aedeagus distal processes only slightly divergent distally in ventral view (Fig. 14e); dorsal carina not reaching apex (Fig. 14d). .................................................. 14. E. palimpsesta McAtee 18’. Aedeagus distal processes strongly divergent distally in ventral view (Fig. 16e); dorsal carina reaching apex (Fig. 16d). ........................................................................................................... 19 Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 67 19(18). Aedeagus ventral processes abruptly bent laterad 90° distally in ventral view (Fig. 15e), sinuate distally in lateral view (Fig. 15d); shaft without distal vestiture. ....................................... ............................................................................................................... 15. E. beameri Robinson 19’. Aedeagus ventral processes evenly curved distally in ventral view (Fig. 16e), straight or curved ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 16d); shaft with distal vestiture. ............................... 20 20(19). Aedeagus ventral processes strongly compressed basally (Figs. 16d, 16e). Forewing with oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern (Fig. 16a). ..........16. E. reflecta McAtee 20’. Aedeagus ventral processes only slightly compressed (Figs. 17d, 17e). Forewing with broken oblique vittae (Fig. 17a). ........................................................................ 6. E. comes Say 21(11). Forewing with narrow crossband (rarely incomplete) near midlength, apex dark, base pale; mesonotum dark (at least lateral triangles) (Figs. 17a, 20a). ................................... 22 21’. Color pattern not as above. ..................................................................................................... 26 22(21). Ventral branch of pygofer dorsal appendage much longer than dorsal branch (Fig. 17b). ................................................................................................ 17. E. integra McAtee 22’. Branches of pygofer dorsal appendage of subequal length (Fig. 18b). .................................. 23 23(22). Aedeagus with strong dorsal keel, apex extended well beyond bases of distal processes (Figs. 18d, 18e). .......................................................................................... 18. E. carinata sp.n. 23’. Aedeagus without dorsal keel, apex extended little if any beyond bases of distal processes (Figs. 20d, 20e). ....................................................................................................................... 24 24(23). Aedeagus ventral processes strongly sinuate in lateral view, with apices curved dorsad (Fig. 19d). ....................................................................................... 19. E. tricincta Fitch 24’. Aedeagus ventral processes straight or with apices curved ventrad (Fig. 20d). ..................... 25 25(24). Aedeagus distal processes more slender, their apices more distal in lateral view (Fig. 20d). ............................................................................................ 20. E. cymbium McAtee 25’. Aedeagus distal processes broader, their apices more basal in lateral view (Fig. 21d). .............. ............................................................................................................... 21. E. calycula McAtee 26(21). Third point of style apex subequal to or longer than half distance between other two points (Fig. 22c). ................................................................................................................ 27 26’. Third point of style apex shorter than half distance between other two points (Fig. 32c). .... 34 27(26). Aedeagus distal processes slender (Figs. 22d, 22e). ......................................................... 28 27’. Aedeagus distal processes broad (Figs. 25d, 25e). ................................................................. 30 28(27). Aedeagus ventral processes evenly divergent (Fig. 22e). .............. 22. E. vagabunda Knull 28’. Aedeagus ventral processes parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus (Fig. 24e). ... 29 29(28). Shaft of aedeagus straight in lateral view, with dorsal distal lobe (Fig. 23d). ....................... ..................................................................................................................... 23. E. aza Robinson 29’. Shaft of aedeagus curved dorsally, without dorsal distal lobe (Fig. 24d). .................................. ........................................................................................................................ 24. E. glabra sp.n. 30(27). Aedeagus ventral processes parallel or slightly divergent in ventral view (Figs. 25e, 26e). Pronotum usually pale with Y-shaped orange vita medially (Fig. 26a). ........ 31 30’. Aedeagus ventral processes strongly divergent apically in ventral view (Figs. 27e, 28e). Pronotum mostly dark brown (Figs. 27a, 28a). ............................................. 32 31(30). Apex of aedeagus extended beyond bases of distal processes (Fig. 25e). Mesonotum with black basal triangles (Fig. 25a). ................................................... 25. E. elegantula Osborn 31’. Apex of aedeagus not extended beyond bases of distal processes (Fig. 26e). Mesonotum without black basal triangles (Fig. 26a). ....................................... 26. E. acuticephala Robinson 32(30). Aedeagus distal processes each with two sharp points, falcate distally in ventral view (Figs. 27d, 27e). Lateral margins of pronotum pale contrasting with dark brown medial area (Fig. 27a). ..................................................................................................... 27. E. aclys McAtee 32’. Aedeagus distal processes each with one sharp point, diamond-shaped in ventral view (Figs. 28d, 28e). Lateral margins of pronotum usually dark, concolorous with medial area (Figs. 28a, 29a). ........................................................................................................................ 33 33(32). Scutellum pale. Forewing often with crossbands (Fig. 28a). .......... 28. E. bistrata McAtee 33’. Scutellum dark. Forewings without crossbands (Fig. 29a). ................. 29. E. prosata Johnson 34(26). Dorsum almost completely black (Fig. 30a). ................................. 30. E. infuscata Gillette Vol. 38 Art. 268 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 34’. Ground color of dorsum various, but not black. ................................................................................... 35 35(34). Aedeagus ventral processes strongly divergent apically (Fig. 32e). ............................................... 36 35’. Aedeagus ventral processes not or only slightly divergent apically (Fig. 36e). ................................... 38 36(35). Dorsal branch of pygofer dorsal appendage about half length of ventral branch (Fig. 31b). Aedeagus distal processes rounded in ventral view (Fig. 31e). Forewings with pale diamond-shaped transcommisural marking outlined with dark brown (Fig. 31a). ....................... 31. E. cancellata McAtee 36’. Branches of pygofer dorsal appendage subequal in length (Fig. 32b). Aedeagus distal processes pointed in ventral view (Fig. 32e). Forewings with broken oblique vitae (Figs. 32a, 33a). ...................................................................................................................................... 37 37(36). Aedeagus ventral processes narrowing distally in lateral view (Fig. 32d). Mesonotum with black lateral triangles (Fig. 32a). ........................................................................... 32. E. triapitsyni sp.n. 37’. Aedeagus ventral processes of even width in lateral view (Fig. 33d). Mesonotum without black triangles (Fig. 33a). ............................................................................................. 33. E. bakeri sp.n. 38(35). Aedeagus apex extended beyond bases of distal processes (Fig. 36e). ........................................... 39 38’. Aedeagus apex not extended beyond bases of aedeagus distal processes (Fig. 40e). .......................... 44 39(38). Aedeagus compressed, with strong dorsal keel (Fig. 34d). ............................................................. 40 39’. Aedeagus rounded in crossection, dorsal carina if present, feebly developed (Fig. 38d). ................... 42 40(39). Aedeagus ventral processes strongly sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 34d). ....... 34. E. anfracta Beamer 40’. Aedeagus ventral processes straight in lateral view (Fig. 36d). ........................................................... 41 41(40). Shaft of aedeagus in ventral view extended more than twice its width beyond bases of distal processes (Fig. 35e). Forewings with continuous zigzag pattern (Fig. 35a). ..... 35. E. ziczac Walsh 41’. Shaft of aedeagus in ventral view not extended more than twice its width beyond bases of distal processes (Fig. 36e). Forewings with crossbands interrupted with red longitudinal veins (Fig. 36a). .............................................................................................................. 36. E. elegans McAtee 42(39). Aedeagus with distal processes slender (Fig. 37d); apex of shaft beyond distal processes slightly broadened (Fig. 37e). ................................................................................ 37. E. delicata McAtee 42’. Aedeagus with distal processes flattened (Fig. 38d); apex of shaft beyond distal processes not broadened (Fig. 38e). ........................................................................................................................ 43 43(42). Second point of style apex longer than third (Fig. 38c). Aedeagus ventral processes convergent distally (Fig. 38e). ...................................................................................... 38. E. vitifex Fitch 43’. Second point of style apex shorter than third (Fig. 39c). Aedeagus ventral processes divergent distally (Fig. 39e). ..................................................................................................... 39. E. rubra Gillette 44(38). Second point of style apex longer than third (Fig. 40c). Forewing mostly dark with two pale narrow crossbands, sometimes interrupted with red longitudinal veins (Fig. 40a). ....... 40. E. vitis Harris 44’. Second point of style apex as short or shorter than third (Fig. 42c). Forewing without crossbands (Figs. 41a, 42a). ...................................................................................................................................... 45 45(44). Aedeagus distal processes broadened distally in ventral view (Fig. 41e). Mesonotum with black lateral triangles. Forewing with broken oblique vittae (Fig. 41a). ........ 41. E. coloradensis Gillette 45’. Aedeagus distal processes diamond-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 42e). Mesonotum with red lateral triangles. Forewing with continuous zigzag pattern (Fig. 42a). ................... 42. E. fraxa Robinson 46(5). Aedeagus with dorsal processes placed on phallobase or between phallobase and shaft of aedeagus (Figs. 43d, 45d). .................................................................................................................. 47 46’. Aedeagus without dorsal processes (Fig. 46d). .................................................................................... 49 47(46). Aedeagus with unpaired small dorsal process on phallobase (Fig. 43d). ............ 43. E. vaga Johnson 47’. Aedeagus with pair of long dorsal processes between aedeagus shaft and phallobase (Figs. 45d, 45e). ...................................................................................................................................... 48 48(47). Third point of style apex longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 44c). Aedeagus distal processes shorter (Figs. 44d, 44e). ................................................ 44. E. kerzhneri sp.n. 48’. Third point of style apex shorter than distance between other two points (Fig. 45c). Aedeagus distal processes longer (Figs. 45d, 45e). ................................................................ 45. E. kennedyi Knull 49(46). Aedeagus ventral processes placed close to shaft (Fig. 46d). Dorsal branch of pygofer dorsal appendage subequal to ventral branch (Fig. 46b). ................................................... 46. E. ancora Beamer Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 69 49’. Aedeagus ventral processes well separated from shaft (Fig. 47d). Dorsal branch of pygofer dorsal appendage much shorter than ventral branch (Fig. 47b). ................................................ 50 50(49). Aedeagus ventral processes divergent (Fig. 47e). ............................... 47. E. tacita Beamer 50’. Aedeagus ventral processes parallel to each other (Fig. 48e). ................................................ 51 51(50). Branches of pygofer dorsal appendages convergent distally in lateral view, ventral branch distally slightly curved upward (Fig. 48b). Aedeagus in ventral view broadened preapically (Fig. 48e). ................................................................................ 48. E. caetra McAtee 51’. Branches of pygofer dorsal appendages strongly divergent in lateral view (Fig. 49b). Aedeagus in ventral view not broadened preapically (Fig. 49e). ................. 49. E. rosa Robinson 52(4). Aedeagus with pair of large distal processes and pair of smaller preapical processes (Figs. 50d, 50e). Pygofer dorsal appendages short (Fig. 50b). ............. 50. E. omaska Robinson 52’. Aedeagus without distal and preapical processes (Figs. 52d, 52e). Pygofer dorsal appendage long (Fig. 52b, 53b). .................................................................................................................. 53 53(52). Aedeagus broad in ventral view, with strong dorsal keel (Figs. 51d, 51e). ................................................................................................................... 51. E. rubrella McAtee 53’. Aedeagus slender in ventral view, without dorsal keel, with dorsal distal lobe (Figs. 52d, 52e). ......................................................................................................................... 54 54(53). Dorsal branch of pygofer dorsal appendage subequal to ventral branch (Fig. 52b). ............. .....................................................................................................................52. E. corni Robinson 54’. Dorsal branch of pygofer dorsal appendage much shorter than ventral branch (Fig. 53b). ... 55 55(54). Ventral branch of pygofer dorsal process sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 53b). Larger (2.8–3.2 mm). ................................................................................ 53. E. bidens McAtee 55’. Ventral branch of pygofer dorsal process evenly curved upward (Fig. 54b). Smaller (2.5–2.8 mm). ........................................................................................... 54. E. ontari Robinson Vol. 38 Art. 270 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 1. Erythroneura kanwakae Robinson, 1924 (Fig. 1) Erythroneura kanwakae Robinson, 1924c:292 Description. Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe angulate apically; dorsal appendages three-pointed (ventral branch bifurcated), extended beyond pygofer apex. Second point of style apex well developed, third point shorter than second. Aedeagus with preat- rium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, depressed in crossection; apex broadened in ventral view, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex; distal processes apical, flattened, directed dorsad. Dorsum yellow or white, with red or brownish color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines (often with lateral branch), midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum entirely pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing with oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spots at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., IV 1924, (Robinson), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Ribes hirtellum. 2. Erythroneura fiduciaria Knull, 1951 (Fig. 2) Erythroneura fiduciaria Knull, 1951a:170 Description: Length 3.3–3.7 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe angulate; dorsal appendages three-pointed (ventral branch bifurcated), extended beyond pygofer apex. Second point of style apex lon- ger than third, third point very short. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, round in crossection; with ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex, bifurcated, with lateral branch longer than medial one; distal processes apical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with red- dish-brown color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines with lateral branch, mid- line pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum entirely pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing with oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Tennessee, Sevier Co., Great Smoky Mountain National Park, 21 VI 1942 (Knull), (OSU). Figure 1. E. kanwakae Robinson. b, d – from Beamer 1938; c – from Hepner, unpub- lished. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 71 Figure 2. E. fiduciaria Knull. a1 – holotype; a2 – color variation. Distribution: Eastern USA. Host plants: Hamamelis virginiana, H. macrophylla. 3. Erythroneura prima Beamer, 1938 (Fig. 3) Erythroneura prima Beamer, 1938:264 Erythroneura maritima Hamilton, 1987 in Hamilton & Langor, 1987:679 syn.n. Description: Length 2.7–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded, dorsal appendages 3 pointed (ventral branch bifurcated), extended beyond pygofer apex. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point very short. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, round in crossection; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex, with small preapical tooth; distal processes apical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or brownish color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines (often with lateral branch), midline pale; anteclypeus brown; pronotum almost entirely dark; mesonotum pale, with dark lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely dark; forewings with oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern; clavus largely or entirely bright red or brownish; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, New Hampshire, Coos Co., Bretton Woods, 31 VIII 1934 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: North-central and northeastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Unknown. Figure 3. E. prima Beamer. a2 – var. maritima. b – from Beamer 1938. Vol. 38 Art. 272 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 4. Erythroneura diva McAtee, 1920 (Fig. 4) Erythroneura tricincta var. diva McAtee, 1920:308 Erythroneura tricincta var. rubravitta Robinson, 1924b:156 Erythroneura tricincta var. complementa McAtee, 1926:135 syn.n. Erythroneura diva Beamer, 1938:269 Description: Length 3–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal ap- pendage not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches of subequal length. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection, with dorsal carina, and distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus, with small preapical tooth; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pro- notum almost entirely red; coloration of mesonotum vary from entirely pale to dark, scutellum pale; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewing without (rarely with) oblique vittae, with red narrow cross- band near midlength and darkened apex; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 26 VII 1914 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. 5. Erythroneura browni Dmitriev & Dietrich sp.n. (Fig. 5) Description: Length 2.7–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendage not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches subequal in size. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point elongate, longer than dis- tance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, denticulate distally, round in crossection, strongly extended beyond bases of distal processes, often with distal lobe strongly varying in length; apex truncate in posterior view, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex, often with small tooth near midlength; distal processes long, flattened, triangular. Coloration similar to that of E. comes Say. Dorsum yellow or white with orange color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines with lateral branch, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Figure 4. E. diva McAtee. a2 – var. complementa. b–d – from Beamer 1938. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 73 Y- shaped medial vitta; mesonotum entirely pale; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewing with bro- ken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Diagnosis: E. browni sp.n. is similar to E. comes Say, but shaft of aedeagus extends well beyond the bases of the distal processes and is denticulate. It is also similar to E. ortha sp.n., but the ae- deagus lacks a dorsal keel and has the ventral processes divergent apically. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Brown Co., Siloam Springs, 19 IV 1960 (Ross & Cun- ningham), (INHS). Studied material: Paratypes: 1 , Arkansas, Marion Co., Yellville, 23 VIII 1962 (Hepner), (MEM); 4 , Florida, Alachua Co., Gainesville, 30 VI–2 X 1970–1972 (Mead); 1 , Florida, Lafayette Co., on Vitis sp., 1 VIII 1956 (Mead); 5 , Illinois, Brown Co., Siloam Springs, (Ross & Cunningham); 8 , Illinois, Brown Co., Siloam Springs, 29 IV 1960 (Ross & Cunningham); 1 , Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., State College, 4 III 1968 (Hepner), (MEM); 1  Texas, Marion Co., Jefferson, 3 VII 1962 (Hepner), (MEM); other studied material from Illinois, Arkansas, Missis- sippi excluded from type series. Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. Note: This species is named in honor of Prof. Richard L. Brown, Director of the Mississippi En- tomological Museum, who graciously loaned us the museum’s entire Erythroneura collection and provided access to Leon Hepner’s unpublished manuscripts, rearing records, notes, and illustra- tions. Figure 5. E. browni sp.n. d1, d2 – aedeagus variation. Vol. 38 Art. 274 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 6. Erythroneura comes (Say, 1825) (Fig. 6) Tettigonia comes Say, 1825:343 Erythroneura comes Smith, 1890:447 Typhlocyba comes comes Gillette, 1898:764 Erythroneura comes Beamer, 1938:292, neotype designation Eastern grape leafhopper Description: Length 2.7–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches of subequal length. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view; round in crossection; with dorsal carina, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft; divergent at apex, often with small tooth near midlength; distal processes apical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white with orange color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines with lateral branch, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y- or V-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum entirely pale; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Neotype , USA, Kansas, Leavenworth Co., 11 IV 1930 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Vitis spp. Figure 6. E. comes Say. c, d1 –from Beamer 1938; b – from Dietrich & Dmit- riev 2006; d2 – from Hepner, unpublished. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 75 7. Erythroneura octonotata Walsh, 1862 (Fig. 7) Erythroneura octo-notata Walsh, 1862:149 Erythroneura comes var. compta McAtee, 1920:318 syn.n. Erythroneura octolineata Lawson, 1922:336 missp. Erythroneura cherokee Robinson, 1924b:154 syn.n. Erythroneura compta var. rufomaculata McAtee, 1924c:43 syn.n. Erythroneura nigroscuta Johnson, 1934: 258 syn.n. Erythroneura rufromaculata Oman, 1949:95 missp. Description: Length 2.6–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches of subequal length. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third point of style less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft stright and broad in lateral view, round in crossection, with dorsal carina, with distinct apical spicules; ventral pro- cesses placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, bifurcated close to base; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with orange color pattern; coloration strongly varies; vertex unicolorous or with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclyp- eus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y- or V-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, usually with dark brown medial spot; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewing without oblique vittae or with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae and dark brown spot near midlength, sometimes basal vitta bright red; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Neotype , USA, Illinois, Champaign Co., St. Joseph, 3 IX 1916, (INHS) – here designated. Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. Note: The holotype, along with the rest of Walsh’s collection, was destroyed in the Chicago fire of 1871. A neotype is here designated to fix the identity of the species. Figure 7. E. octonotata Walsh. a2 – var. compta; a3 – var. rufomaculata; a4 – var. nigroscuta. b, e –from Beamer 1938; c, d – from Hepner, unpublished. Vol. 38 Art. 276 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 8. Erythroneura amanda McAtee, 1920 (Fig. 8) Erythroneura comes var. amanda McAtee, 1920:319 Erythroneura amanda Robinson, 1926:137 Description: Length 2.4–2.6 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches of subequal length. Sec- ond point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point elongate, about as long or longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft straight and broad in lateral view, compressed in crossection, with dorsal carina; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, bifurcate near midlength, divergent at apex; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white; color pattern red and orange; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum almost entirely dark; thoracic venter en- tirely pale; forewing with broken oblique vittae and wide red crossband at base; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Missouri, VII, on Vitis spp., (USNM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. 9. Erythroneura nudata McAtee, 1920 (Fig. 9) Erythroneura comes var. nudata McAtee, 1920:316 Erythroneura attenuata Johnson, 1934:260 Erythroneura nudata Beamer 1938:284 Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches of subequal length. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft straight and broad in lateral view, depressed in crossection, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes apical or subapical, triangular. Coloration similar to that of E. comes Say. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Anne Arundel Co., Odenton, 26 VII 1914 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Vitis spp. Figure 8. E. amanda McAtee. b, c – from Beamer 1938. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 77 10. Erythroneura ortha Dmitriev & Dietrich sp.n. (Fig. 10) Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended to pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches of subequal size. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point elongate, longer than distance be- tween other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, compressed in crossection, with dorsal carina and distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes subapical, flattened, triangular. Coloration similar to that of E. comes Say; dorsum yellow or white with or- ange color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines (often with lateral branch), midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y- or V-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum entirely pale; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Diagnosis: E. ortha sp.n. is similar to E. comes Say and E. gilensis Beamer, but the shaft of the aedeagus is produced well beyond the bases of the distal processes; and the ventral processes are parallel to each other on the ventral side of the aedeagus. It also differs from E. comes Say in hav- ing the shaft of aedeagus compressed with a strong dorsal keel. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Arkansas, Marion Co., Yellville, on Cercis canadensis, 23 VIII 1962 (Hepner), (INHS). Studied material: Paratypes: 28 , Arkansas, Marion Co., Yellville, on Cornus sp., Cercis ca- nadensis, Acer sp., Vitis sp., 23 VIII 1962 (Hepner) (MEM). Other studied material from Florida, Illinois, Mississippi, New York, and Tennessee excluded from type series. Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. Note: The species name “ortha,” meaning “straight,” refers to the straight and parallel ventral processes of the aedeagus. Figure 9. E. nudata McAtee. b, c – from Beamer 1938; d – from Hepner, unpublished. Figure 10. E. ortha sp.n. Vol. 38 Art. 278 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 11. Erythroneura festiva Beamer, 1938 (Fig. 11) Erythroneura festiva Beamer, 1938:290 Description: Length 2.6–2.7 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches of subequal size. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than distance be- tween other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossec- tion, with dorsal carina; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white with orange color pattern; vertex with or- ange parallel submedial lines with lateral branch, midline pale; anteclypeus brown; pronotum with Y- or V-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with red lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely dark; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, White Co., 31 III 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. 12. Erythroneura gilensis Beamer, 1929 (Fig. 12) Erythroneura gilensis Beamer, 1929:123 Description: Length 3.2–3.4 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed; pygofer dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point elongate, lon- ger than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection, with dorsal carina; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex; distal processes subapical, triangular. Coloration similar to that of E. comes Say. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Arizona, Gila Co., 5 VIII 1927 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Southwestern USA, northern Mexico. Host plants: Vitis arizonica. Figure 11. E. festiva Beamer. b–e – from Beamer 1938. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 79 13. Erythroneura pontifex McAtee, 1926 (Fig. 13) Erythroneura comes var. pontifex McAtee, 1926:136 Erythroneura breakeyi Johnson, 1934:261 Erythroneura pontifex Beamer, 1938:279 Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; pygofer dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, with branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or brownish color pattern; vertex with large black area, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; prono- tum with Y- or V-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with red lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing with oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Washington Co., Du Bois, 24 V 1917 (McAtee), (INHS). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. Figure 12. E. gilensis Beamer. b–e – from Beamer 1938. Figure 13. E. pontifex McAtee. b, d, e –from Beamer 1938; c – from Hepner, unpub- lished. Vol. 38 Art. 280 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 14. Erythroneura palimpsesta McAtee, 1924 (Fig. 14, Plate 1a) Erythroneura comes var. palimpsesta McAtee, 1924c:43 Erythroneura palimpsesta Johnson, 1935:107 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, with branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point elongate, lon- ger than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection, with dorsal carina not reaching aedeagus apex; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex; distal processes apical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white with reddish brown color pattern; vertex with parallel subme- dial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y- shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with dark lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing with oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern; clavus with sepa- rate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Mason Co., Forest City, 3 IV 1917 (McAtee), (INHS). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Parthenocissus quinquefolia. 15. Erythroneura beameri Robinson, 1924 (Fig. 15) Erythroneura beameri Robinson, 1924a:61 Description: Length 2.8–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, with branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preat- rium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex; distal processes apical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white with orange or reddish color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with reddish lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewing with oblique vittae forming zigzag pattern; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., XI 1923, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Vitis spp. Figure 14. E. palimpsesta McAtee. b–e – from Beamer 1938. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 81 16. Erythroneura reflecta McAtee, 1924 (Fig. 16) Erythroneura comes var. reflecta McAtee, 1924c:43 Erythroneura portea Robinson, 1924b:154 Erythroneura reflecta Beamer, 1938:283 Description: Length 3–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; pygofer dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, with branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point of style apex elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection, with dorsal carina, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, compressed in basal half, divergent at apex; distal processes apical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white with reddish or brownish color pattern; vertex with orange par- allel submedial lines with lateral branch, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with V-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with dark lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing with oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern; clavus largely or entirely red or brown; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 14 XII 1913 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Vitis spp. Figure 15. E. beameri Robinson. b, c, e – from Beamer 1938; d – Hepner, unpublished. Figure 16. E. reflecta McAtee. a1 – holotype; a2 – color variation. b, d – from Beamer 1938; c – from Young 1952. Vol. 38 Art. 282 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 17. Erythroneura integra McAtee, 1920 (Fig. 17) Erythroneura tricincta var. integra McAtee, 1920:309 Erythroneura integra Beamer, 1938:271 Description: Length 2.8–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, ventral branch much longer than dorsal. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points more than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection, denticulate distally; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or brown color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines (often with lateral branch), midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum almost entirely dark; mesonotum pale, with reddish lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewings with oblique vitae, narrow crossband, and darkened apices; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 28 III 1915 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. 18. Erythroneura carinata Dmitriev & Dietrich sp.n. (Fig. 18) Description: Length 3–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme broadly expanded in lateral view, triangular in ventral view, without distinct con- nection to anal tube or pygofer appendages. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, compressed in crossection, with strong dorsal keel, extended far beyond bases of distal processes, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes long, subapical, flattened, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish and brown color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines (often with lateral branch), midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum almost entirely dark; mesonotum entirely dark, scutellum pale, contrasting with rest of mesonotum; thoracic ven- ter entirely pale; forewing with oblique vitae, narrow brown crossband, and darkened apices; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Figure 17. E. integra McAtee. b–e – from Beamer 1938. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 83 Diagnosis: E. carinata n.sp. is similar to E. diva McAtee and E. cymbium McAtee, but the ae- deagus has a strong dorsal keel and its apex extends far beyond the bases of the distal processes. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, White Co., Gossett, 13 IV 1960 (Ross & Cunningham), (INHS). Studied material: Paratypes 23 , 3 , USA, Illinois, White Co., Gossett, 13 IV 1960 (Ross & Cunningham), (INHS); other studied material from Georgia, Illinois, and Mississippi excluded from type series. Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Vitis sp. Note: The species name “carinata,” meaning “keeled,” refers to the dorsally keeled aedeagal shaft. 19. Erythroneura tricincta Fitch, 1851 (Fig. 19) Erythroneura tricincta Fitch, 1851:63 Erythroneura tricincta var. a Fitch, 1851:63 Threebanded leafhopper Description: Length 2.9–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal ap- pendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point shorter than second; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; dis- tal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish and brown color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum mostly dark. Mesonotum dark basally, scutellum pale; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewing with or without oblique vittae, narrow crossband and darkened apices; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Neotype, USA, Kansas, Cherokee Co., 10 IV 1936 (Beamer), (KSEM), here designated Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Vitis spp. Note: Because Fitch's holotype is lost, we designate a neotype to stabilize the concept of this species, the type of the genus. This concept equals that of the previous revisions (Beamer 1938, Young 1952). Figure 18. E. carinata sp.n. Figure 19. E. tricincta Fitch. b2, e – from Beamer 1938; b1, c, d – from Young 1952. Vol. 38 Art. 284 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 20. Erythroneura cymbium McAtee, 1920 (Fig. 20) Erythroneura tricincta var. cymbium McAtee, 1920:310 Erythroneura tricincta var. disjuncta McAtee, 1920:310, syn.n. Erythroneura cymbium Beamer, 1938:271 Description: Length 2.6–3 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal ap- pendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish and brown color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with dark posterior half, or at least posterior corners; mesonotum entirely pale; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewings with or without oblique vittae, with narrow crossband, and darkened apices; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Michigan, Berrien Co., Benton Harbor, on Vitis sp., 28 V 1912 (Seigler), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Vitis spp. 21. Erythroneura calycula McAtee, 1920 (Fig. 21, Plate1b) Erythroneura tricincta var. calycula McAtee, 1920:308 Erythroneura tricincta var. erasa McAtee, 1920:309, syn.n. Erythroneura calycola Osborn, 1932:515, missp. Erythroneura tricincta var. noncincta Johnson, 1934:261, syn.n. Erythroneura calycula Beamer, 1938:270 Description: Length 2.6–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view; depressed in crossection; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes apical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish and brown color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with dark posterior corners; mesonotum with dark lateral triangles, or base entirely dark, scutellum pale; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewings with or without oblique vittae, with narrow crossband, and darkened apices; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Figure 20. E. cymbium McAtee. a2 – var. disjuncta. b–d – from Beamer 1938. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 85 Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 14 XII 1913 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. 22. Erythroneura vagabunda Knull, 1945 (Fig. 22) Erythroneura vagabunda Knull, 1945:109 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, denticulate distally, round in crossection; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes long, subapical, slender. Dorsum yellow or white with orange color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with orange lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae and dark brown spot near midlength; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Lawrence Co., 29 IV 1934 (Caldwell), (OSU). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. Figure 21. E. calycula McAtee. a2 – var. erasa; a3 – var. noncincta. b, d – from Beamer 1938; c – from Hepner, unpublished. Figure 22. E. vagabunda Knull. d – from Knull 1945. Vol. 38 Art. 286 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 23. Erythroneura aza Robinson, 1924 (Fig. 23) Erythroneura aza Robinson, 1924c:291 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. Abdomen. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygo- fer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection; apex slightly broadened in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes long, subapical, slender. Dorsum yellow or white, with orange or reddish color pattern; vertex with parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclyp- eus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with orange lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely pale or with dark mesosternum; forewing with oblique vittae forming zigzag pattern; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., Lawrence, 15 XII 1923 (Robinson), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. 24. Erythroneura glabra Dmitriev & Dietrich sp.n. (Fig. 24) Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point longer than half distance be- tween other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft symmetrical, curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection; apex truncate in posterior view; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes long, subapical, slender. Coloration similar to that of E. comes Say: dorsum yel- low or white with orange color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines (often with lateral branch), midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y- or V-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with orange lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewings with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Diagnosis: The coloration of new species similar to that of E. comes Say, and the male genitalia resemble those of E. vagabunda Knull, but the aedeagus shaft lacks distal denticuli and the ventral processes are parallel to each other. Figure 23. E. aza Robinson. b–e – from Beamer 1938. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 87 Type locality: Holotype , USA, Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., State College, 4 I 1962 (Hepner), (INHS). Studied material: Paratypes, 1 , USA, Arkansas, Marion Co., Yellville, on Cornus sp., 23 VIII 1962 (Hepner), (MEM); 1 , Illinois, Clark Co., Rocky Branch, 25 VII 1954 (Cunning- ham), (INHS). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. Note: The species name “glabra,” meaning “bare,” refers to the lack of denticuli on the apex of the aedeagal shaft. 25. Erythroneura elegantula Osborn, 1928 (Fig. 25) Erythroneura elegantula Osborn, 1928a:289 Western grape leafhopper Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, compressed in crossec- tion, with dorsal carina; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with orange color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolor- ous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with black lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely pale or with dark mesosternum; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; api- cal cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype, Panama, Canal Zone (CMNH). Type was not studied. Distribution: Western USA, southwestern Canada, Panama (apparently introduced). Host plants: Vitis spp. Figure 24. E. glabra sp.n. Figure 25. E. elegantula Osborn. b–e – from Beamer 1938. Vol. 38 Art. 288 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 26. Erythroneura acuticephala Robinson, 1924 (Fig. 26, Plate 1c) Erythroneura acuticephala Robinson, 1924a:61 Description: Length 2.6–2.9 mm. Abomen. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view; compressed in crossection; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes apical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or orange color pattern; vertex with parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with orange lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewing with oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner api- cal cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., XII 1923, (Robinson), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. 27. Erythroneura aclys McAtee, 1920 (Fig. 27) Erythroneura aclys McAtee, 1920:290 Description: Length 2.7–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point longer than half distance be- tween other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in cros- section; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with brown color pattern; vertex with large basal dark area, often extended onto thorax, midline dark; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins; mesonotum entirely dark; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewings with oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern; clavus largely brown; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 21 XII 1913 (McAtee), (USNM). Type was not studied. Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Cercis canadensis. Figure 26. E. acuticephala Robinson. b, d, e – from Beamer 1938; c – from Hepner, unpublished. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 89 28. Erythroneura bistrata McAtee, 1920 (Fig. 28) Erythroneura vitis var. bistrata McAtee, 1920:305 Erythroneura vitis var. stricta McAtee, 1920:306 Erythroneura rubranotum Robinson, 1924a:60 Erythroneura bistrata Johnson, 1934:262 Erythroneura vitis var. fusco-clava Beamer, 1927:31 Description: Body. Size 2.9–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white with reddish brownish color pattern, which strongly vary; vertex unicolorous pale or dark- ened posteriorly, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum almost entirely dark; mesonotum dark, with pale scutellum; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewing mostly dark with small pale spots or with two narrow pale crossbands; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 28 III 1915 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Cercis ca- nadensis. Figure 27. E. aclys McAtee. b–e – from Beamer 1938; a – original. Figure 28. E. bistrata McAtee. a1 – holotype, a2 – var. stricta, a3 – var. rubranota, a4 – color variation. b, d, e – from Beamer 1938. Vol. 38 Art. 290 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 29. Erythroneura prosata Johnson, 1935 (Fig. 29) Erythroneura infuscata var. prosata Johnson, 1935:108 Erythroneura prosata DeLong & Caldwell, 1937:81 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with dorsal carina, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish brown color pattern; vertex mostly dark, midline dark; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum almost entirely dark; mesonotum with dark lateral triangles and dark apex of scutellum; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; fore- wings mostly dark with small pale spots; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Pickaway Co., 31 III 1934 (Caldwell), (OSU). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Rubus spp. (?). 30. Erythroneura infuscata (Gillette, 1898) (Fig. 30, Plate 1d) Typhlocyba comes var. infuscata Gillette, 1898:764 Erythroneura comes var. infuscata Van Duzee, 1916:77 Erythroneura infuscata McAtee, 1920:302 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, compressed in crossection, with strong dorsal keel; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum mostly black, with small pale spots at middle of mesono- tum and at costal margin of wings; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; thoracic venter entirely dark. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., Agriculture College (MSU), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. Figure 29. E. prosata Johnson. b –from Beamer 1938; d – from Hepner, unpub- lished. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 91 31. Erythroneura cancellata McAtee, 1920 (Fig. 31) Erythroneura comes var. cancellata McAtee, 1920:320 Erythroneura cancellata Robinson, 1926:141 Description: Length 3.2–3.4 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, ventral branch about twice as long as dorsal branch. Second point of style apex well developed; third point subequal in size with second; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, round in cros- section, with dorsal carina; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with orange and brown color pattern; vertex with large basal dark area, often extended onto thorax, midline dark; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta or almost entirely dark; mesonotum pale, with brown lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewings with pale diamond-shaped transcommisural marking outlined with dark brown, with oblique vittae forming zigzag pattern; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 30 XI 1913 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Cercis canadensis. Figure 30. E. infuscata Gillette. b–e – from Beamer 1938. Figure 31. E. cancellata McAtee. b–e – from Beamer 1938. Vol. 38 Art. 292 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 32. Erythroneura triapitsyni Dmitriev & Dietrich sp.n. (Fig. 32) Description: Length 2.7–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point elongate, not longer than half dis- tance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft symmetrical, curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, smooth, round in crossection, with dorsal carina; apex truncate in posterior view; ventral processes placed basally, well sepa- rated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex; distal processes long, subapical, flattened, triangular. Coloration similar to that of E. elegantula Osborn: dorsum yellow or white, with orange color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines (often with lateral branch), midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with V-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with black lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewing with broken oblique vit- tae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Diagnosis: The coloration of E. triapitsyni sp.n. is similar to that of E. elegantula Osborn. The male genitalia are similar to those of E. bakeri sp.n. but the aedeagus is round in crossection. Type locality: Holotype , USA, New Mexico, Bernalillo Co., Albuquerque, Los Ranchos de Albuquerque, 4920 Rio Grande Blvd. NW, Anderson Valley, 35.084°N 106.651°W, on Vitis sp. (cultivated), 26 IX 2005 (Triapitsyn), (INHS). Studied material: Paratypes: 7 , 11 , same locality as holotype, 26–28 IX 2005 (Triapitsyn), (INHS). Distribution: New Mexico. Host plants: Vitis spp. Note: The species is named for Dr. Serguei Triapitsyn (University of California, Riverside), who collected the type series. 33. Erythroneura bakeri Dmitriev & Dietrich sp.n. (Fig. 33) Description: Length 2.7–2.8 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft symmetrical, curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, smooth, compressed in crossection, with dor- sal carina; apex truncate in posterior view; ventral processes Figure 32. E. triapitsyni sp.n. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 93 placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at apex; distal processes long, subapical, flattened, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with red or orange color pattern; vertex with parallel submedial lines (often with lateral branch), midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum entirely pale; tho- racic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Diagnosis: E. bakeri sp.n. is similar to E. triapitsyni sp.n., but the aedeagus has a stronger dorsal carina, and the mesonotum lacks black lateral triangles. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Fulton Co., Anderson Lake State Conservation Area, 8 IX 1954 (Ross), (INHS). Studied material: Paratypes, 2 , Illinois, Clark Co., Darwin, on Quercus lyrata, 15 IX 1953 (Ross), (INHS); 6 , Illinois, Fulton Co., Anderson Lake State Conservation Area, 8 IX 1954 (Ross), (INHS), 2 , Illinois, Jo Daviess Co., Blanding, on Prunus virginiana, 28 IV 1954 (Ross), (INHS); other studied material from Wisconsin, Kansas, Arkansas, Illinois, New York, and Florida excluded from type series. Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. Note: This species is named in memory of C.F. Baker (1872–1927), a pioneer in the study of Auchenorrhyncha. 34. Erythroneura anfracta Beamer, 1929 (Fig. 34) Erythroneura anfracta Beamer, 1929:123 Description: Length 3.1–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe angu- late; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view; compressed in crossection, with strong dorsal keel; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with orange, reddish, or brownish color pattern; vertex with parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with dark lateral triangles; scutellum pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewings with oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern or interrupted with pale crossband; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Figure 33. E. bakeri sp.n. a – holotype. Vol. 38 Art. 294 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Type locality: Holotype , USA, Arizona, Pinal Co., 6 VIII 1927 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Arizona, Utah. Host plants: Vitis arizonica. 35. Erythroneura ziczac Walsh, 1862 (Fig. 35) Erythroneura ziczac Walsh, 1862:149 Typhlocyba zigzag Wirtner, 1904:227, missp. Erythroneura ziczac Beamer, 1938:276, neotype designation Erythroneura ziczac var. walshi Beamer, 1938:276, syn.n. Erythroneura zizac Kaloostian, 1952:20, missp. Virginiacreeper leafhopper Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe angulate; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, compressed in crossection, with strong dorsal keel, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white with reddish brown color pattern; vertex with parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y- or V-shaped medial vitta or almost entirely dark; mesonotum pale, with dark lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewings with oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Neotype , USA, Illinois, Wabash Co., 31 III 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Vitis spp. Figure 35. E. ziczac Walsh. a2 – var. walshi. b, d, e – from Beamer 1938; c – from Hepner, unpub- lished. Figure 34. E. anfracta Beamer. a2 – color variation. b–e – from Beamer 1938. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 95 36. Erythroneura elegans McAtee, 1920 (Fig. 36) Erythroneura comes var. elegans McAtee, 1920:315 Erythroneura elegans Robinson, 1926:137 Description: Length 2.7–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe angulate; dorsal ap- pendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, compressed in crossection, with strong dorsal keel, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish brown color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with dark lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewings with oblique vittae forming zigzag pattern, pale narrow crossband at middle interrupted with red longitudinal veins; dark spot at costal mar- gin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 11 I 1914 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Vitis spp. 37. Erythroneura delicata McAtee, 1920 (Fig. 37) Erythroneura comes var. delicata McAtee, 1920:317 Erythroneura comes var. accepta McAtee, 1920:317, syn.n. Erythroneura lacta Robinson, 1924a:62 Erythroneura scripta Robinson, 1924c:290, syn.n. Erythroneura tudella Robinson, 1924c:291, syn.n. Erythroneura delicata Johnson, 1935:110 Erythroneura delictata Young, 1952:80, missp. Description: Length 2.9–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point subequal in size with second; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, round in crossection; apex usually broad- ened in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes subapical, slender. Dorsum yel- low or white, with orange color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with orange lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; fore- wing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae, in some cases with Figure 36. E. elegans McAtee. a – holotype. d – from Beamer 1938; b, c – from Hepner, unpublished. Vol. 38 Art. 296 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin dark brown spot at middle; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 26 VII 1914 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Vitis spp. 38. Erythroneura vitifex Fitch, 1856 (Fig. 38) Erythroneura vitifex Fitch, 1856:392 Erythroneura vitifex Beamer, 1938:281, neotype designation Erythroneura vitifix Padley, 1941:395, missp. Description: Length 2.7–3 mm. Abdomen. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe angulate; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection, with dorsal carina; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with red or orange color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with reddish lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing with oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Neotype , Canada, Ontario, Vineland, VIII 1922, (Robinson), (KSEM). Distribution: USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Vitis spp. Figure 38. E. vitifex Fitch. b–e – from Beamer 1938. Figure 37. E. delicata McAtee. a2 – var. accepta. b, d, e – from Beamer 1938; c – from Hepner, unpublished. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 97 39. Erythroneura rubra (Gillette, 1898) (Fig. 39) Typhlocyba comes var. rubra Gillette, 1898:764 Erythroneura comes var. rubra Van Duzee, 1916:77 Erythroneura irrorata Robinson, 1924b:154 Erythroneura rubra Robinson, 1926:135 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe angu- late; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point subequal in size with second; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection, with dorsal carina, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes subapical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with strongly developed reddish color pattern; ver- tex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y- or V-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum entirely red; thoracic venter entirely dark; forewings with oblique vittae forming zigzag pattern; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Iowa, (Baker), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. 40. Erythroneura vitis (Harris, 1831) (Fig. 40) Tettigonia vitis Harris, 1831:43 Erythroneura vitis Fitch, 1851:63 Erythroneura vitis var. corona McAtee, 1920:304, syn.n. Erythroneura comes var. venusta McAtee, 1920:319 Erythroneura vitis var. flava Robinson, 1924a:62 Grapevine leafhopper Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior mar- gin. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point shorter than second; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection, with dorsal carina, with distinct apical spic- ules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes apical, triangular. Coloration strongly varies; dorsum yellow or white, with reddish brown color pattern; vertex unicolorous pale or with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y- or V-shaped medial vitta or almost entirely dark; mesonotum entirely dark; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing with two pale crossbands of various width; dark Figure 39. E. rubra Gillette. b, d – from Beamer 1938; c – from Hepner, unpub- lished Vol. 38 Art. 298 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype [sex unknown], USA, New York, (Harris), (BSNH). Type was not studied. Distribution: Eastern and southwestern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plant: Vitis spp. 41. Erythroneura coloradensis (Gillette, 1892) (Fig. 41) Typhlocyba vitifex var. coloradoensis Gillette, 1892:16 Typhlocyba vitifex var. coloradensis Gillette & Baker, 1895:113, emend. Erythroneura comes var. coloradensis Van Duzee, 1914:57 Typhlocyba celoradensis Merrill, 1915:21, missp. Typhlocyba colorado Gillette & List, 1921:20, missp. Erythroneura coloradensis Robinson, 1926:134 Erythroneura coloradensis Beamer, 1938:278, lectotype designation Description: Length 2.8–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point of style apex not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection, with dorsal carina, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes apical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or orange color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y- or V-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with black lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner api- cal cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Lectotype , USA, Colorado, (Gillette), (USNM). Distribution: Central and southwestern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Vitis spp. 42. Erythroneura fraxa Robinson, 1924 (Fig. 42) Figure 41. E. coloradensis Gillette. b– from Beamer 1938; d – from Hepner, unpublished. Figure 40. E. vitis Harris. a2 – var. corona; a3 – var. flava; b, c – from Beamer 1938; d – from Hep- ner, unpublished. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 99 Erythroneura fraxa Robinson, 1924c:292 Description: Length 2.9–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preat- rium longer than shaft; shaft straight in lateral view, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes apical, triangular. Dorsum yellow or white, with orange or red color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with reddish lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing with oblique vittae usully forming continuous zigzag pattern; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., XII 1923, (Robinson), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Cercis canadensis. 43. Erythroneura vaga Johnson, 1934 (Fig. 43) Erythroneura vaga Johnson, 1934:260 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with unpaired process on dorsal apodeme; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes apical, slender. Coloration similar to E. comes Say. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Ohio, Adams Co., Mineral Springs, 31 VIII 1931 (Osborn), (OSU). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Cercis canadensis. Note: E. vaga sensu Beamer, 1938a equals E. kerzhneri sp.n. Figure 42. E. fraxa Robinson. b–d – from Beamer 1938. Figure 43. E. vaga Johnson. b – from Beamer 1938. Vol. 38 Art. 2100 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 44. Erythroneura kerzhneri Dmitriev & Dietrich sp.n. (Fig. 44) Erythroneura vaga Beamer, 1938:285 not Johnson, 1934, misid. Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft symmetrical, curved ventrally, slender in lateral view, smooth or denticulate dis- tally, round in crossection; with pair of long dorsal processes between shaft and dorsal apodeme; apex of aedeagus broadened in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus, simple or bifurcated at apex; distal processes short, apical. Coloration similar to that of E. kennedyi Knull; dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or orange color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines (often with lateral branch), midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with reddish lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Diagnosis: E. kerzhneri sp.n. is similar to E. kennedyi Knull, but has the dorsal and distal process- es of the aedeagus much shorter, the basal processes longer, and the third point of the style longer, about as long as distance between other points. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Arkansas, Washington Co., 30 VI 1940 (Sanderson), (KSEM). Studied material: Paratypes: USA, 2 , Arkansas, Miller Co., Fouke, 21 XII 1931 (Beamer), (KSEM); 2 , Arkansas, Polk Co., 21 VIII 1928 (Beamer), (KSEM); 2 , Illinois, Clay Co., 31 III 1929 (Oman), (KSEM); 1 , Illinois, Clay Co., 31 III 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM); 8 , Illinois, Clay Co., Flora, 31 III 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM). Other studied material from Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi excluded from paratypes. Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Ilex decidua, Ulmus alata. Note: The species named in honor of Prof. Izyaslav Kerzhner (Zoological Institute, Russian Aca- demy of Sciences, St. Petersburg), Russian specialist on Heteroptera. 45. Erythroneura kennedyi Knull, 1945 (Fig. 45) Erythroneura kennedyi Knull, 1945:109 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point not longer than half dis- tance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than Figure 44. E. kerzhneri sp.n. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 101 shaft of aedeagus; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection; with long dorsal processes between shaft and dorsal apodeme; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side; aedeagus distal processes apical, slender. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or orange color pattern; vertex with parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped me- dial vitta; mesonotum pale, with reddish lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Pickaway Co., 20 II 1934 (Caldwell), (OSU). Distribution: Known only from type locality in Ohio. Host plants: Unknown. 46. Erythroneura ancora Beamer, 1929 (Fig. 46) Erythroneura ancora Beamer, 1929:122 Description: Length 3.1–3.2 mm. Male genitalia. Pygo- fer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, with small dorsal distal lobe; ventral pro- cesses placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft; distal processes absent. Dorsum yellow, with orange color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with dark lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewings with oblique vittae usully forming zigzag pattern; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype, , USA, Texas, Culberson Co., 10 VII 1927 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Known only from type locality in Texas. Host plants: Unknown. Figure 45. E. kennedyi Knull. b – from Knull 1945. Fig. 46. E. ancora Beamer. b, c – from Beamer 1938. Vol. 38 Art. 2102 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 47. Erythroneura tacita Beamer, 1938 (Fig. 47) Erythroneura tacita Beamer, 1938:293 Description: Length 3.1–3.5 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal ap- pendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, dorsal branch strongly reduced, ventral branch much longer. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point very short; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, round in crossection; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, shorter than shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes long, slender. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or orange color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum entirely pale; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Washington, Ferry Co., Republic, 6 VIII 1931 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Western USA, southwestern Canada. Host plants: Unknown. 48. Erythroneura caetra McAtee, 1924 (Fig. 48) Erythroneura ligata var. caetra McAtee, 1924b:130 Erythroneura ligata var. caestra DeLong & Caldwell, 1937:79, missp. Erythroneura caetra Beamer, 1938:281 Description: Length 2.9–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe angulate; dorsal appendages extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, ventral branch much longer than dorsal. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point of style apex very short or absent. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, com- pressed in crossection, with subapical dorsal lobe, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes apical, small, toothlike. Dorsum yellow or white with reddish brown color; vertex with parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus dark; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins; mesonotum pale, with black lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark meso- sternum, remainder pale; forewings with oblique vittae forming continuous zigzag pattern; clavus with continuous vitta parallel to suture; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, California, Monterey Co., Salinas, 26 IV 1908 (Ball), (USNM). Distribution: Western USA, southwestern Canada. Host plants: Salix exigua. Figure 47. E. tacita Beamer. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 103 49. Erythroneura rosa Robinson, 1924 (Fig. 49) Erythroneura rosa Robinson, 1924a:58 Erythroneura mallochi McAtee, 1924c:41 Erythroneura repetita McAtee, 1926:131, syn.n. Description: Length 2.8–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe angulate; dorsal appendages extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, ventral branch much longer than dorsal, branches strongly divergent. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point very short or absent. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, compressed in crossection, with subapical dorsal lobe, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes apical, small tooth- like. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or brownish color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus dark; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins or pale with two longitudinal strips; mesonotum pale, with dark lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewings with oblique vittae forming zigzag pattern or dark with two narrow crossbands; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Missouri, Jackson Co., Atherton, 19 V 1922 (Adams), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Salix myricoides, S. babylonica, S. cordata, S. bebbiana, S. petiolaris, S. caprea, S. humilis, S. interior. Figure 48. E. caetra McAtee. b, c – from Beamer 1938. Figure 49. E. rosa Robinson. a2 – var. mallochi; a3 – var. repetita; b, c – from Beamer 1938. Vol. 38 Art. 2104 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 50. Erythroneura omaska Robinson, 1924 (Fig.50) Erythroneura omaska Robinson, 1924a:62 Description: Length 3–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, C- shaped, branches subequal in length. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, denticulate distally, depressed in crossection. Aedeagus with two dorsal processes arising near midlength of shaft; ventral processes absent; distal processes apical, slender. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or orange color pattern; vertex with parallel submedial lines, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with Y- or V-shaped medial vitta; mesonotum pale, with orange lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell with brown spot basally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., X 1923, (Robinson), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. Recorded from Rubus sp., Vitis sp., Ilex decidua. 51. Erythroneura rubrella McAtee, 1920 (Fig. 51) Erythroneura comes var. rubrella McAtee, 1920:316 Erythroneura rubrella Johnson, 1935:109 Description: Length 2.7–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe angulate; dorsal appendages extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, ventral branch much longer than dorsal. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point of style apex subequal in size with second; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and broad in lateral view, compressed in crossection, with dorsal keel; apex of aedeagus acuminate in ventral view, with distinct apical spicules; ventral processes absent; distal processes absent. Dorsum yel- low or white, with reddish color pattern; vertex with orange parallel submedial lines, midline red; anteclypeus dark; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins or pale with two longitudinal strips; mesonotum pale, with reddish lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely dark; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 30 XI 1913 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Northwestern, central, and eastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Cornus pumila, C. stolonifera. Figure 50. E. omaska Robinson. b – from Hepner, unpublished. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 105 52. Erythroneura corni Robinson, 1924 (Fig. 52) Erythroneura corni Robinson, 1924a:60 Erythroneura ornata Osborn, 1928b:364 Description: Length 2.6–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped, branches very long of subequal length. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point not longer than half dis- tance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, compressed in crossection, with long dorsal distal lobe; apex acuminate in ventral view, with distinct apical spicules. Aedeagus without processes. Dorsum yellow or white, with orange or red color pattern; vertex with parallel submedial lines, midline red; anteclypeus dark; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins or pale with two longitudinal strips; mesonotum pale, with reddish lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely dark; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., X 1923, (Robinson), (KSEM). Distribution: USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Cornus spp. 53. Erythroneura bidens McAtee, 1924 (Fig. 53) Erythroneura comes var. bidens McAtee, 1924a:39 Erythroneura comes var. suffusa McAtee, 1924a:39 Erythroneura bidens Beamer, 1938:287 Description: Length 2.8–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped; Figure 51. E. rubrella McAtee. b – from Beamer 1938; c – from Hepner, unpublished. Figure 52. E. corni Robinson. b, c – from Beamer 1938; e – Hepner, unpub- lished. Vol. 38 Art. 2106 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin ventral branch about twice as long as dorsal, twisted and extended at apex. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point subequal in size with second; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, compressed in crossection, with long dorsal distal lobe; apex acuminate in ventral view, with distinct apical spicules. Aedeagus without processes. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or orange color pattern; vertex with parallel submedial lines, midline red; anteclypeus dark; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins or pale with two longitudinal strips; mesonotum pale, with reddish lateral triangles; thoracic venter entirely dark; forewing with broken oblique vittae; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Virginia, Fairfax Co., Scotts Run Nature Preserve, Stubblefield Falls, on Pinus virginiana, 23 X 1921 (Malloch), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Cornus spp. 54. Erythroneura ontari Robinson, 1924 (Fig. 54) Erythroneura ontari Robinson, 1924a:60 Description: Length 2.5–2.8 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages extended beyond pygofer apex, C-shaped; ventral branch about twice as long as dorsal. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point subequal in size with second; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, compressed in crossection, with long dorsal distal lobe; apex acuminate in ventral view, with distinct apical spicules. Aedeagus without processes. Coloration similar to E. corni Robinson. Type locality: Holotype , Canada, Ontario, Vineland, I 1923, (Robinson), (KSEM). Distribution: Northwestern, central, and eastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Cornus spp. Note: E. ontari Robinson may be a variant of E. corni Robinson rather than a distinct species. They are often collected together and differ primarily in the length of the dorsal branch of the pygofer process. However, intermediate forms were not found. Figure 53. E. bidens McAtee. a1 – holotype; a2 – var. suffusa. b, c – from Beamer 1938; e – from Hepner, unpublished. Figure 54. E. ontari Robinson. b, c – from Beamer 1938; e – Hepner, unpublished. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 107 Genus Erasmoneura Young, 1952 Erythroneura (Erasmoneura) Young, 1952:80 (Type: Erythroneura vulnerata Fitch, 1851) Erasmoneura Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:139 Description: Length 2.2–3.4 mm, relatively slender. Head narrower than pronotum; crown fore margin strongly produced and angulate medially; ocelli absent or vestigial. Face depressed in profile, less than 45° from horizontal; anteclypeus narrow in both sexes. Forewing outer apical cell short, less than 2X longer than width or about 2X as long as wide; second apical cell quadrate (ir crossvein present); third apical cell parallel sided, straight; CuP shorter than segment of CuA between Cu and MP; basal segment of MP shorter than basal segment of CuA; inner apical cell with distinctly angulate base; Pcu not visible. Hindwing with truncate apex; submarginal vein not extended to wing apex; RA present; MP and CuA fused for short distance or separated by m-cu crossvein, convergent distally. Front femur AV row with one basal seta distinctly larger than oth- ers; PV row without fine basal setae. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorso- mesad. Pygofer apex not extended to apex of subgenital plate; dorsal emargination extended to base of segment; basolateral setae in distinct group, small; distal setae undifferentiated; long fine setae present or absent; apex with rigid setae on internal surface. Pygofer dorsal appendage mov- ably articulated, or at least with distinct basal suture separating it from lobe; simple or bifurcate; ventral appendage absent. Subgenital plates free; lateral margin with angulate subbasal projection; section basad of medial constriction shorter than distal section; with 4 basal macrosetae, uniseriate along margin; marginal short rigid setae forming continuous row. Style preapical lobe prominent; apex with 3 points. Aedeagus articulated to connective; dorsal apodeme broadly expanded in lateral view, with distinct V-shaped ligaments connected to pygofer appendages; shaft symmetri- cal, with processes. Connective median anterior lobe absent; arms long; stem well developed, depressed. Anal tube without processes. Coloration variable. Distribution: North America; E. vulnerata Fitch recently established in northern Italy (Duso at al., 2005). Host plants: Vitis spp. and herbs. Key to Species of the Genus Erasmoneura1 1. Aedeagus shaft very short, with ventral processes; processes as long as or longer than shaft; without distal processes (Fig. 55e). Pygofer with dorsal appendage bifurcate (Figs. 55b, 56b). ......................................................................................................................... 2 1’. Aedeagus shaft long, without ventral processes, with distal processes (Fig. 58e). Pygofer with dorsal appendage not bifurcate (Fig. 58b). ................................................................................ 4 2(1). Pygofer dorsal appendage bifurcate far from base, branches very short; dorsal branch slightly curved upward (Fig. 55b). ............................................... 55. E. vulnerata Fitch 2’. Pygofer dorsal appendage bifurcate closer to base, branches longer than basal part of appendage; dorsal branch straight or curved downward (Figs. 56b, 57b). ............................ 3 3(2). Branches of pygofer appendage subequal in length (Fig. 56b). .......... 56. E. fulmina McAtee 3’. Dorsal branch of pygofer appendage about twice as long as ventral (Fig. 57b). ......................... ................................................................................................................. 57. E. variabilis Beamer 4(1). Third point of style apex shorter than half distance between other two points (Fig. 58c). ....... ......................................................................................................................... 58. E. nigra Gillette 4’. Third point of style apex longer than half distance between other two points (Fig. 60c). ........ 5 5(4). Third point of style apex more than 2X longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 59c). .......................................................................................... 59. E. nigerrima McAtee 5’. Third point of style apex as long or only slightly longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 60c). ................................................................................................................. 6 6(5). Ground color of dorsum dark brown or black (Figs. 60a, 61a). ............................................. 7 6’. Ground color of dorsum yellow, reddish, or light brown (Figs. 62a, 63a). ................................ 8 7(6). Aedeagus distal processes longer than dorsal distal lobe (Figs. 60d, 60e). Dorsum with pale spots (Fig. 60a). .................................................................................... 60. E. atra Johnson 1 E. bipentagona Beamer, known only from the female holotype, is not included. Vol. 38 Art. 2108 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 7’. Aedeagus distal processes not longer than dorsal distal lobe (Figs. 61d, 61e). Dorsum without pale spots (Fig. 61a). ................................................................................ 61. E. caerula Beamer 8(6). Aedeagus depressed in crossection, broad in ventral view (Figs. 62d, 62e). .......................... 9 8’. Aedeagus round in crossection, slender in ventral view (Figs. 64d, 64e). ............................... 10 9(8). Aedeagus distal processes directed basad in ventral view (Fig. 62e). Vertex pale; forewing yellow or pink (Fig. 62a). ................................................ 62. E. rubricata Van Duzee 9’. Aedeagus distal processes directed latarad in ventral view (Fig. 63e). Vertex and forewing red- dish brown (Fig. 63a). ............................................................................. 63. E. margaritae sp.n. 10(8). Shaft of aedeagus curved dorsally in lateral view; dorsal distal lobe longer than distal processes (Fig. 64d). ...................................................................... 64. E. emeljanovi sp.n. 10’. Shaft of aedeagus curved ventrally in lateral view; dorsal distal lobe not longer than distal processes (Fig. 65d). .......................................................................... 65. E. mixta Beamer 55. Erasmoneura vulnerata (Fitch, 1851) (Fig. 55, Plate 1e) Erythroneura vulnerata Fitch, 1851:62 Typhlocyba vulneata Lugger, 1896:61, missp. Erythroneura gradata Robinson, 1924a:58, syn.n. Erasmoneura vulnerata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:140 Description: Length 2.7–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages bifurcate far from base, not extended be- yond pygofer apex, curved upward. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft very short membranous, straight and broad in lateral view, round in crossection; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at base, then parallel; distal processes absent. Dorsum white or yellow, with reddish or brownish color pattern; vertex mostly dark, with small pale spots, midline pale; anteclypeus brown; pronotum and mesonotum almost entirely dark; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing with reddish and brownish patches; clavus largely or entirely dark; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, New York, (NYSM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada, northern Mexico, Italy (introduced, Duso et al., 2005). Host plants: Vitis spp. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 109 56. Erasmoneura fulmina (McAtee, 1920) (Fig. 56) Erythroneura vulnerata var. fulmina McAtee, 1920:274 Erythroneura pulchella Robinson, 1924b:155 Erythroneura bicolorata Beamer, 1937:11, syn.n. Erythroneura fulmina Beamer, 1946:17 Erasmoneura fulmina Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:140 Description: Length 2.7–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages bifurcate near base, appendages parallel, not extended beyond pygofer apex, straight in lateral view. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft very short, membranous, straight and broad in lateral view, round in crossection; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at base, than parallel; distal processes absent. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or brownish color pattern; vertex mostly dark, with small pale spots, midline pale; anteclypeus dark; pronotum almost entirely dark; mesonotum pale, with dark lateral triangles or entirely dark; thoracic venter entirely dark. Forewing with reddish brown and pale patches, in some cases basal half much darker than distal half; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 1 VI 1907 (Fisher), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. Figure 55. E. vulnerata Fitch. a2 – var. gradata. c – from Young 1952; b2 – from Ross 1965; b1 – from Dietrich & Dmitriev 2006. Vol. 38 Art. 2110 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 57. Erasmoneura variabilis (Beamer, 1929) (Fig. 57) Erythroneura variabilis Beamer, 1929:126 Erasmoneura variabilis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:140 Variegated leafhopper Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages bifurcate near base, branches parallel to each other, not extended beyond pygofer apex. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft very short, membranous, straight and broad in lateral view, round in crossection; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, divergent at base, then parallel; distal processes absent. Coloration similar to E. vulnerata Fitch. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Arizona, Yavapai Co., 9 VIII 1927 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Arizona, California, northern Mexico. Host plants: Vitis spp. 58. Erasmoneura nigra (Gillette, 1898) (Fig. 58, Plate 1f) Typhlocyba vulnerata var. niger Gillette, 1898:765 Typhlocyba nigridorsum DeLong, 1916:110 Erythroneura niger Van Duzee, 1916:77 Erythroneura vulnerata var. decora McAtee, 1920:274, syn.n. Erythroneura nigra Lawson, 1920:51 Erasmoneura nigra Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:140 Description: Length 2.7–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; pygofer dorsal appendages simple, not extended beyond pygofer apex, Figure 56. E. fulmina McAtee. a1 – holotype; a2 – var. bicolorata; b – from Hepner, unpublished. Figure 57. E. variabilis Beamer. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 111 slightly curved upward in lateral view. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved ventrally, broad in lateral view, round in crossection, with long dorsal distal lobe; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, subapical. Dorsum mostly black, with pale specks. Vertex mostly dark, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum with three pale specks at anterior margin; mesonotum almost entirely dark; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale. Forewing dark, with some pale specks and pale transverse veins. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Pottawatomie Co., Onaga, (Crevecoeur), (USNM). Distribution: USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Polygonum spp. 59. Erasmoneura nigerrima (McAtee, 1920) (Fig. 59) Erythroneura vulnerata var. nigerrima McAtee, 1920:275 Erythroneura niger var. nigerrima Robinson, 1926:116 Erythroneura atrata Johnson, 1935:97, syn.n. Erasmoneura nigerrima Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:140 Description: Length 2.2–2.5 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; pygofer dorsal appendages simple, movably articulated, ex- tended beyond pygofer apex, curved downward in lateral view. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point of style apex more than twice longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved ventrally, broad in lateral view; round in crossection, with subapical dorsal lobe; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, subapical. Dorsum black, with pale fore margin of vertex, pale specks on prono- tum and mesonotum, and costal margins of wings, crossveins pale; usually with red spot at costal margin of forewing at level of crossveins; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Virginia, Alexandria Co., Maywood, 20 II 1916 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. Note: E. nigerrima McAtee was misidentified by Beamer (1946); see E. atra Johnson. Figure 58. E. nigra Gillette. a2 – var. decora. b, c – from Ross 1965. Figure 59. E. nigerrima McAtee. c – from Johnson 1935. Vol. 38 Art. 2112 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 60. Erasmoneura atra (Johnson, 1935), sp. revalid., new comb. (Fig. 60) Erythroneura atra Johnson, 1935:96 Erythroneura nigerrima Beamer, 1946:18 not McAtee 1920, misid. Description: Length 2.6–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; pygofer dorsal appendages simple, not extended beyond pygo- fer apex, slightly curved upward in lateral view. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point of style apex elongate, about as long or longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved ventrally, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long dorsal distal lobe; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, subapical. Coloration similar to E. nigra Gillette. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Hocking Co., Conkles Hollow, Hocking State Forest, 15 IV 1934 (Caldwell), (OSU). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. Note: E. atra Johnson was mistakenly synonymised with E. nigerrima McAtee by Beamer (1946). 61. Erasmoneura caerula (Beamer, 1937) (Fig. 61) Erythroneura caerula Beamer, 1937:10 Erasmoneura caerula Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:140 Description: Length 3.1–3.4 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe angulate; pygofer dorsal appendages simple, not extended beyond py- gofer apex, straight in lateral view. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point of style apex elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view; round in crossection, with long dorsal distal lobe; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, subapical. Dorsum black; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Arkansas, Franklin Co., Barnes, 8 VI 1931 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Unknown. Figure 60. E. atra Johnson. a1, a2 – color variations; b – from Hepner, unpublished. Figurer 61. E. caerula Beamer. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 113 62. Erasmoneura rubricata (Van Duzee, 1909) (Fig. 62) Typhlocyba rubricata Van Duzee, 1909:229 Erythroneura rubricata Van Duzee, 1916:77 Erasmoneura rubricata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:140 Description: Length 2.6–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; pygofer dorsal appendages simple, not extended beyond pygofer apex, slightly curved upward in lateral view. Sec- ond point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point of style apex elongate, about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft straight and broad in lateral view; depressed in crossection, with small dorsal distal lobe, with lateral lobes at base; distal processes long, apical. Uniformly yellow pronotum and forewings, except apices, pink; venter entirely pale. Type locality: Lectotype , USA, Florida, Putnam Co., Crescent City, Spring 1908, (Van Duzee), (CAS) – here designated. Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Ascyrum hypericoides, Hypericum densiflorum, H. aspalathoides, H. prolificum. 63. Erasmoneura margaritae Dmitriev & Dietrich sp.n. (Fig. 63) Description: Length 2.7–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe angulate; dorsal appendages with distinct basal suture, but not movably articulated, simple, not extended beyond pygofer apex, straight or very slightly curved in dorsal view, slightly curved down- ward in lateral view. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point elongate, about as long as distance be- tween other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved ventrally, slender in lateral view, smooth, depressed in crossection, with long dorsal distal lobe, with lateral lobes at base; distal processes long, apical, slender. Dorsum reddish brown; vertex mostly dark, with small pale spots, midline pale or dark; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum almost entirely dark, with three pale specks at anterior margin. Mesonotum almost entirely dark; thoracic venter with dark mesoster- num, remainder pale; forewing almost entirely dark, with pale spot at costal margin, and smoked apices. Diagnosis: E. margaritae sp.n. is similar to E. rubricata Van Duzee, but the aedeagus shaft is lon- ger and curved dorsally, its dorsal distal lobe is longer, its distal processes are shorter and directed laterad, and the overall coloration is darker. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Iroquois Co., on Hypericum sp., 25 IX 1962 (Ross & Ross), (INHS). Figure 62. E. rubricata Van Duzee. a1, a2 – color variations; b, c – from Ross 1965. Vol. 38 Art. 2114 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Studied material: Paratypes: 10 , 4 , the same label data (INHS, 1  MEM). Other studied material from Illinois excluded from paratypes. Distribution: Illinois. Host plants: Hypericum sp. Note: The species is named after the first author’s wife Margarita Dmitrieva. 64. Erasmoneura emeljanovi Dmitriev & Dietrich sp.n. (Fig. 64) Description: Length 2.6–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe angulate; dorsal appendages with distinct basal suture, but not mov- ably articulated, simple, not extended beyond pygofer apex, straight, slightly curved upward in lateral view; ventral ap- pendages absent. Second point of style apex very short, tooth- like; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft symmetrical, curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, smooth, round in crossection, with long dorsal distal lobe; ventral processes absent; distal processes short, apical, toothlike. Coloration uniformly pale yellow, without pattern. Diagnosis: E. emeljanovi sp.n. is similar to E. mixta Beamer, but the aedeagus shaft is curved dorsally, with the distal lobe much longer. Type locality: Holotype , USA, South Carolina, Marion Co., Mullins, on Hypericum sp., 5 V 1932 (Oman), (KSEM). Studied material: Paratypes: 9 , 9 , the same label data. Distribution: Known only from type locality in South Carolina. Host plants: Hypericum sp. Note: The species is named in honor of Prof. Alexandr F. Emeljanov (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg), Ph.D. advisor of the first author. Figure 63. E. margaritae sp.n. a – holotype Figure 64. E. emeljanovi sp.n. a – holotype. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 115 65. Erasmoneura mixta (Beamer, 1932) (Fig. 65) Erythroneura mixta Beamer, 1932i:183 Erasmoneura mixta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:140 Description: Length 2.4–2.7 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages simple, not extended beyond pygofer apex, slightly curved upward in lateral view. Second point of style apex very short, tooth like; third point of style apex elongate, about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved ventrally, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long dorsal distal lobe, with lateral lobes at base; distal processes long, apical. Dorsum yellow or pink; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face or darker; thoracic venter entirely pale or entirely dark. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Florida, Hillsborough Co., Plant City, on Hypericum fascicula- tum, 15 VIII 1930 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Southeastern USA. Host plants: Hypericum fasciculatum, H. aspalathoides. 66. Erasmoneura bipentagona (Beamer, 1927) (Fig. 66) Erythroneura bipentagona Beamer, 1927:31 Erasmoneura bipentagona Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:140 Description: Length 2.7 mm. Dorsum yellow with reddish brown color pattern; vertex unicolorous, pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum almost entirely dark; mesonotum pale, with dark lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewings with oblique vittae forming zigzag pattern; clavus largely dark; dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II with distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Known only from the type locality in eastern Kansas. Host plants: Unknown. Notes: The species is known only from the female holotype. Based on the shape of female sternite VII and color pattern, it may be related to E. margaritae. Figure 65. E. mixta Beamer. a1, a2 – color variations. Figure 66. E. bipentagona Beamer. Vol. 38 Art. 2116 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Genus Rossmoneura Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006 Rossmoneura Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:148 (Type: Erythroneura tecta McAtee, 1920) Description: Length 2.5–3.6 mm, moderately broad. Head narrower than pronotum; crown fore- margin weakly produced, broadly rounded apically; ocelli absent; face depressed in profile, less than 45° from horizontal. Forewing outer apical cell about 2X as long as wide; second apical cell quadrate (ir crossvein present); third apical cell parallel sided, straight; CuP shorter than segment of CuA between Cu and MP; basal segment of MP shorther than basal segment of CuA; inner api- cal cell with distinctly angulate base; vannal vein on forewings not visible. Hindwing submarginal vein not extended to wing apex; RA vein present; MP and CuA touching at one point or separated by m-cu crossvein, convergent distally. Front femur AV row with one basal seta distinctly larger than others; PV row without fine basal setae. 2S abdominal apodemes narrow, or broad, extended to posterior margin of sternite III. Pygofer with apex not extended to apex of subgenital plate; lobe rounded; dorsal emargination extended to base of segment; basolateral setae in distinct group, small; with rigid setae on internal surface. Pygofer dorsal appendages not articulated; simple; ven- tral appendages absent. Sternite IX with median longitudinal internal ridge. Subgenital plates free; lateral margin with angulate subbasal projection; section basad of medial constriction shorter than distal section; with four basal macrosetae uniseriate along margin; with distinct marginal rigid se- tae forming continuous row. Style preapical lobe prominent; apex with three points; second point long, often longer than third; third point subequal in size or shorter than second; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Aedeagus articulated to connective; dorsal apodeme broadly expanded in lateral view, with distinct V-shaped ligaments connected to pygofer appendages; shaft without dorsal process; with small dorsal distal lobe; with unpaired short ventral process placed basally or near midlength of shaft, close to shaft. Connective median anterior lobe absent; arms long; stem well developed, depressed. Anal tube without processes. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish brown color pattern; vertex usually with pair of dark preapical spots. Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Herbs. Key to Species of the Genus Rossmoneura 1. Pygofer dorsal appendage straight in lateral view (Fig. 67b). ............. 67. R. carbonata McAtee 1’. Pygofer dorsal appendage curved upward in lateral view (Figs. 68b, 69b). .............................. 2 2(1). Pygofer dorsal appendage only slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 68b). ................................ ....................................................................................................................... 68. R. tecta McAtee 2’. Pygofer dorsal appendages hook-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 69b). ........... 69. R. calva Beamer 67. Rossmoneura carbonata (McAtee, 1920) (Fig. 67, Plate 1g) Erythroneura tecta var. carbonata McAtee, 1920:289 Erythroneura carbonata Beamer, 1946:22 Rossmoneura carbonata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:149 Description: Length 2.5–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages extended beyond pygofer apex, straight in lateral view. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point very short. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft straight and broad in lateral view; round in crossection, with small dorsal distal lobe; with ventral upnaired process arising near midlength of shaft; distal processes absent. Dorsum yellow or white, with brownish or reddish brown color pattern; vertex with pair of black preapical spots; anteclypeus brown or black. Pronotum mostly dark; mesonotum pale, with black lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale. Forewing mostly dark, with several pale specks, large spots at base and apex of clavus, and at costal margin. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 14 XII 1913 Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 117 (McAtee), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Steironema ciliatum, Glaux maritima, Lysimachia lanceolata. 68. Rossmoneura tecta (McAtee, 1920) (Fig. 68) Erythroneura tecta McAtee, 1920:288 Erythroneura sexpunctata Malloch, 1921:25 Rossmoneura tecta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:149 Description: Length 3.1–3.6 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal ap- pendages extended beyond pygofer apex, slightly curved upward in lateral view. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point very short. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved ventrally, broad in lateral view; round in crossection, with small dorsal distal lobe, ventral process unpaired, placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft; distal processes short, apical. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or brownish color pattern; vertex with pair of black preapical spots; anteclypeus dark. Pronotum dark with pale lateral margins or pale with two longitudinal strips; mesonotum pale, with black lateral triangles; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewing usu- ally with oblique vittae forming zigzag pattern; clavus with separate basal and distal vittae. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, among mullen leaves, 25 I 1914 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: ? Verbascum sp. Figure 67. R. carbonata McAtee. Figure 68. R. tecta McAtee. b1 – from Dietrich & Dmitriev 2006. Vol. 38 Art. 2118 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 69. Rossmoneura calva (Beamer, 1946) (Fig. 69) Erythroneura calva Beamer, 1946:22 Rossmoneura calva Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006:149 Description: Length 3–3.6 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendages not extended beyond pygofer apex, strongly curved upward in lateral view. Second point of style apex well devel- oped; third point subequal in size to second. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved ventrally, broad in lateral view; round in crossection, with small dorsal distal lobe; ventral process unpaired, arising near midlength of shaft; distal processes short, apical. Coloration similar to R. carbonata McAtee but paler and without dark spots on crown. Type locality: Holotype , Canada, Manitoba, Keld, 8 VIII 1937 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: North-central USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Unknown. Genus Hymetta McAtee, 1919 Hymetta McAtee, 1919:121 (Type: Tettigonia trifasciata Say, 1825) Description: Length 3–3.7 mm, moderately broad. Head narrower than pronotum; crown fore- margin strongly produced and angulate medially; ocelli absent; face depressed in profile, less than 45° from horizontal. Forewing outer apical cell about 2X as long as wide; second apical cell quad- rate (ir crossvein present); third apical cell widened distally, straight; CuP longer than segment of CuA between Cu and MP; basal segment of MP shorther than basal segment of CuA; inner apical cell with distinctly angulate base; Pcu not visible. Hindwing submarginal vein not extended to wing apex; RA present; MP and CuA touching at one point or separated by m-cu crossvein, convergent distally. Front femur AV row with one basal seta distinctly larger than others; PV row without fine basal setae. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended to posterior margin of sternite III. Pygofer apex not extended to apex of subgenital plate; lobe rounded; dorsal emargina- tion extended to base of segment; basolateral setae in distinct group, small; apex with rigid setae on internal surface. Pygofer dorsal appendage with distinct basal suture, but not movably articu- lated, simple, not extended beyond pygofer apex, straight or very slightly curved in dorsal view, straight in lateral view; ventral appendage absent. Sternite IX without median longitudinal internal ridge. Subgenital plates free; lateral margin with angulate subbasal projection; section basad of medial constriction shorter than distal section; with four basal macrosetae, uniseriate, along margin; with distinct marginal rigid setae forming continuous row. Style preapical lobe promi- nent; apex truncate and expanded; third point absent. Aedeagus articulated to connective; dorsal apodeme broadly expanded in lateral view, triangular, without distinct connection to anal tube or pygofer appendages; preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft symmetrical, curved dorsally, broad in lateral view, without dorsal process, with basal processes, with or without distal processes. Con- nective median anterior lobe absent; arms long; stem well developed, depressed. Anal tube without processes. Dorsum yellow or white, with reddish or brown color pattern; vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum pale, apex of scutellum black; forewing with characteristic numerous irregular red or Figure 69. R. calva Beamer. b – from Hepner, unpublished. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 119 brownish dots, with or without brown crossband; without dark spot at costal margin; apical cell II without distal spot; inner apical cell without brown spot. Distribution: USA. Host plants: Three species recorded from Vitis spp., host plants for other two species unknown. Key to Species of the Genus Hymetta 1. Aedeagus with one pair of ventral processes; processes well separated from shaft (Fig. 71d). ................................................................................................................................... 2 1’. Aedeagus with two pairs of ventral processes; processes placed close to shaft (Figs. 73d, 74d). .......................................................................................................................... 4 2(1). Aedeagus with distal processes (Figs. 71d, 71e). .................................................................... 3 2’. Aedeagus without distal processes (Figs. 70d, 70e). ......................70. H. kansasensis Fairbairn 3(2). Aedeagus ventral processes evenly curved in lateral view; distal processes broad in lateral view (Fig. 71d). ........................................................................71. H. balteata McAtee 3’. Aedeagus ventral processes S-curved in lateral view; distal processes narrow in lateral view (Fig. 72d). .........................................................................72. H. anthisma McAtee 4(1). Aedeagus ventral processes narrow, shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad in lateral view (Fig. 73d). ...............................................................................73. H. trifasciata Say 4’. Aedeagus ventral processes as long or longer than shaft; one pair much broader than another; shaft straight in lateral view (Fig. 74d). ..................... 74. H. arizoniana Fairbairn 70. Hymetta kansasensis Fairbairn, 1928 (Fig. 70) Hymetta kansasensis Fairbairn, 1928b:90 Description: Length 3.2–3.5 mm. Aedeagus depressed in crossection; apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal pro- cesses absent. Coloration as described for genus. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., 1925 (Lawson), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. Figure 70. H. kansasensis Fairbairn. e – from Fairbairn 1928b; b, c – from Ross 1965. Vol. 38 Art. 2120 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 71. Hymetta balteata McAtee, 1919 (Fig. 71, Plate 1h) Hymetta trifasciata var. balteata McAtee, 1919:123 Hymetta trifasciata var. albata McAtee, 1919:123, syn.n. Hymetta balteata Fairbairn, 1928b:88 Hymetta balteata var. mediana Fairbairn, 1928b:89, syn.n. Description: Length 3.1–3.4 mm. Aedeagus compressed in crossection; apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal pro- cesses apical, flattened, triangular. Coloration variable, either as described for genus or paler overall. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 14 XII 1913 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. Note: In the original description (McAtee 1919) recorded the collection date of the holotype incor- rectly as 4 XII 1913. 72. Hymetta anthisma McAtee, 1919 (Fig. 72) Hymetta trifasciata var. anthisma McAtee, 1919:123 Hymetta distincta Fairbairn, 1928b:87, syn.n. Hymetta balteata var. anthisma Fairbairn, 1928b:89 Hymetta anthisma Osborn, 1928b:352 Description: Length 3.3–3.6 mm. Aedeagus round in crossec- tion; apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, longer than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus, sinuate in lateral view; distal processes subapical, slightly flattened. Coloration Figure 71. H. balteata McAtee. a2 – var. albata; a3 – var. mediana. e – from Fairbairn 1928b; c, d, f – from Young 1952; b – from Dietrich & Dmitriev 2006. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 121 typical for genus, wings usually densely covered with red dots. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Texas, Dallas, on Vitis sp., 12 IX 1907, (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. Note: Fairbairn (1928b) mistakenly listed H. anthisma McAtee as a variety of H. balteata McAtee. Young (1952) listed the former as a separate species. 73. Hymetta trifasciata (Say, 1825) (Fig. 73) Tettigonia trifasciata Say, 1825:343 Typhlocyba trifasciata Woodworth, 1889:213 Typhlocyba trifascaita Osborn, 1900:12, missp. Erythroneura trifasciata Van Duzee, 1916:77 Hymetta trifasciata McAtee, 1919:121 Description: Length 3–3.4 mm. Aedeagus compressed in crossection; apex acuminate in ventral view; two pairs of ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, short; distal processes absent. Coloration as described for genus. Type locality: Neotype , USA, Illinois, Urbana, on Cercis canadensis, 19 IX 1934, (INHS) – here designated. Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Vitis spp. Note: Because Say’s holotype is lost, we designate a neotype to stabilize the concept of this spe- cies, the type of the genus. This concept equals that of previous revisers (Fairbairn 1928b, Young 1952). Figure 72. H. anthisma McAtee. a2 – var. distincta; d, e – from Fairbairn 1928b; b – from Hepner unpublished. Figure 73. H. trifasciata Say. e1 – from Fairbairn 1928b; b, d, e2 – from Hepner unpublished. Vol. 38 Art. 2122 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 74. Hymetta arizoniana Fairbairn, 1928 (Fig. 74) Hymetta arizoniana Fairbairn, 1928b:90 Description: Length 3.3–3.7 mm. Aedeagus round in crossec- tion; apex truncate in ventral view; two pairs of aedeagus ven- tral processes placed basally, close to shaft, placed basally; one pair of processes longer than shaft flattened, another pair not flattened, little shorter than shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration typical for genus. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Arizona, Coconino Co., 13 VIII 1927 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Arizona. Host plants: Unknown. Figure 74. H. arizoniana Fairbairn. a1, a2 – color variations. d, e – from Fairbairn 1928b. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 123 References Beamer, R.H. 1927. New species of Erythro- neura (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Canadian Entomologist 59:30–31. Beamer, R.H. 1929. Erythroneura (Homop- tera, Cicadellidae) from the South- west. Ann. Entomol. Soc. America 22(1):115–129. Beamer, R. H. 1930a. Two Erythroneura (grape leaf hoppers) damaging apple in Kansas (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 3(2):49–50. Beamer, R.H. 1930b. Some Erythroneura of the obliqua group (Homoptera, Cicadelli- dae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. America 23: 417–456. Beamer, R.H. 1931a. Some Erythroneura (grape leaf hoppers) of the maculata group (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Ca- nadian Entomologist 63:127–135. Beamer, R.H. 1931b. 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Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini IAugust 2007 127 Index a Fitch ............................................................83 accepta McAtee .................................59, 95, 96 aclys McAtee ...............................62, 67, 88, 89 acuticephala Robinson ....................i, 62, 67, 88 albata McAtee .......................................59, 120 amanda McAtee .................................62, 66, 76 ancora Beamer .................................63, 68, 101 anfracta Beamer ...........................63, 68, 93, 94 anthisma McAtee ............. 59, 63, 119, 120, 121 arizoniana Fairbairn ....................... 63, 119, 122 atra Johnson ..................... 59, 63, 107, 111, 112 atrata Johnson ........................................ 59, 111 attenuata Johnson ..........................................76 aza Robinson ......................................62, 67, 86 Aztegina ..........................................................60 Bakera ............................................................65 bakeri sp.n. .............................59, 63, 68, 92, 93 Bakerini ..........................................................65 balteata McAtee ........i, ii, 59, 63, 119, 120, 121 beameri Robinson ........................62, 67, 80, 81 bicolorata Beamer ......................... 59, 109, 110 bidens McAtee .........................63, 69, 105, 106 bipentagona Beamer ................ 62, 63, 107, 115 bistrata McAtee .................................62, 67, 89 breakeyi Johnson ............................................79 browni sp.n. ............................59, 62, 66, 72, 73 caerula Beamer .............................. 63, 108, 112 caestra DeLong & Caldwell ........................102 caetra McAtee .........................63, 69, 102, 103 calva Beamer ................................. 63, 116, 118 calycola Osborn .............................................84 calycula McAtee .................i, 59, 62, 67, 84, 85 cancellata McAtee .............................62, 68, 91 carbonata McAtee .............. i, 63, 116, 117, 118 carinata sp.n. .........................59, 62, 67, 82, 83 celoradensis Merrill .......................................98 cherokee Robinson ...................................59, 75 coloradensis Gillette ..........................63, 68, 98 colorado Gillette & List .................................98 coloradoensis Gillette ....................................98 comes Say ........................................................... ............62, 66, 67, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 86, 99 complementa McAtee ..............................59, 72 compta McAtee ........................................59, 75 corni Robinson .........................63, 69, 105, 106 corona McAtee ........................................97, 98 cymbium McAtee ...................59, 62, 67, 83, 84 decora McAtee ...............................59, 110, 111 delicata McAtee .....................59, 63, 68, 95, 96 delictata Young ..............................................95 disjuncta McAtee .....................................59, 84 distincta Fairbairn ..........................59, 120, 121 diva McAtee ...........................59, 62, 66, 72, 83 elegans McAtee .................................63, 68, 95 elegantula Osborn ..................62, 65, 67, 87, 92 emeljanovi sp.n. .......................59, 63, 108, 114 erasa McAtee .....................................59, 84, 85 Erasmoneura ..............................59, 60, 62, 107 Eratoneura .........................................60, 62, 63 Erthroneura ....................................................65 Erythridula ...............................................60, 62 Erythroneura ..............59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66 Erythroneurini ............................ i, ii, 60, 61, 65 Erythroueura ..................................................65 Eurythroneura ................................................65 festiva Beamer ....................................62, 66, 78 fiduciaria Knull .............................62,66, 70, 71 flava Robinson .........................................97, 98 fraxa Robinson ...................................63, 68, 99 fulmina McAtee ...............59, 63, 107, 109, 110 fusco-clava Beamer ........................................89 gilensis Beamer ......................62, 66, 77, 78, 79 glabra sp.n. ............................ 59, 62, 67, 86, 87 gradata Robinson........................... 59, 108, 109 Hepzygina ...................................................... 60 Hymetta ...............................59, 60, 62, 118, 119 Illinigina ................................................... 60, 62 infuscata Gillette ....................... i, 62, 67, 90, 91 integra McAtee .................................. 62, 67, 82 irrorata Robinson .......................................... 97 kansasensis Fairbairn ..............................63, 119 kanwakae Robinson ........................... 62, 66, 70 kennedyi Knull ......................... 63, 68, 100, 101 kerzhneri sp.n. ...................... 59, 63, 68, 99, 100 lacta Robinson ...............................................95 mallochi McAtee ..........................................103 margaritae sp.n. ...............59, 63, 108, 113, 114 maritima Hamilton ...................................59, 71 mediana Fairbairn ..................................59, 120 Mexigina ........................................................60 mixta Beamer ......................... 63, 108, 114, 115 Nelionidia .......................................................60 Neoimbecilla ..................................................62 Neozygina .......................................................60 niger Gillette ................................................110 nigerrima Beamer ........................................112 Vol. 38 Art. 2128 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin nigerrima McAtee ...........59, 63, 107, 111, 112 nigra Gillette ....... i, 59, 63, 107, 110, 111, 112 nigridorsum DeLong .................................. 110 nigroscuta Johnson ................................59, 75 noncincta Johnson ............................59, 84, 85 nudata McAtee ...........................62, 66, 76, 77 octolineata Lawson ......................................75 octonotata Walsh........................59, 62, 66, 75 octo-notata Walsh ........................................75 omaska Robinson ...........................63, 69, 104 ontari Robinson .............................63, 69, 106 ornata Osborn ............................................105 ortha sp.n. ............................59, 62, 66, 73, 77 palimpsesta McAtee ......................i, 62, 66, 80 pontifex McAtee ...............................62, 66, 79 portea Robinson ...........................................81 prima Beamer .............................59, 62, 66, 71 prosata Johnson ...............................62, 67, 90 pulchella Robinson ....................................109 reflecta McAtee ................................62, 67, 81 repetita McAtee ...................................59, 103 rosa Robinson ..........................59, 63, 69, 103 Rossmoneura ............................ 59, 60, 62, 116 rubra Gillette ...................................63, 68, 97 rubranotum Robinson ..................................89 rubravitta Robinson .....................................72 rubrella McAtee .....................63, 69, 104, 105 rubricata Van Duzee .................... 63, 108, 113 rufomaculata McAtee ............................59, 75 rufromaculata Oman ....................................75 scripta Robinson ....................................59, 95 sexpunctata Malloch .................................. 117 stricta McAtee .............................................89 suffusa McAtee ..................................105, 106 tacita Beamer .................................63, 69, 102 tecta McAtee ................................ 63, 116, 117 triapitsyni sp.n......................59, 62, 68, 92, 93 tricincta Fitch .......................60, 62, 65, 67, 83 trifascaita Osborn ......................................121 trifasciata Say ...................... 63, 118, 119, 121 tudella Robinson ....................................59, 95 vaga Beamer ........................................59, 100 vaga Johnson ....................................63, 68, 99 vagabunda Knull ........................62, 67, 85, 86 variabilis Beamer ......................... 63, 107, 110 venusta McAtee ...........................................97 vitifex Fitch .......................................63, 68, 96 vitifix Padley .................................................96 vitis Harris ..................................63, 68, 97, 98 vulneata Lugger ...........................................108 vulnerata Fitch ...... i, 59, 63, 107, 108, 109, 110 walshi Beamer ..........................................59, 94 ziczac Walsh .................................59, 63, 68, 94 zigzag Wirtner ................................................94 zizac Kaloostian .............................................94 Zygina ............................................................60 Zyginae ..........................................................65 Zyginama........................................................60 Illinois Natural History Survey I-Building 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, Illinois 61820 217-333-6880 A Division of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources