Bulletin


Article IL — Jassidce of Illinois. Paet L* By Charles

W. WOODWORTH. M. S.

FAMILY JASSIDiE Stal.

The insects included under the name Jassidye, form a

large and well-defined,'natural group. They are readily distin-

guishable from members of the allied families as follows: from

Cicadidse by the possession of but two ocelli (or none) instead

of three, as in the latter family; from Cercopida? by having

broad transverse posterior coxae instead of conical 'ones, and

having the posterior tibiee prismatic instead 'of round; and,

lastly, from Membracidas by having the thorax only slightly

convex and not strongly declivous. Aside from this there is a

general resemblance between forms of the same family, so that

they may be very readily distinguished at a glance; but the above

characters are useful chiefly for 'doubtful cases, before the

student becomes familiar with the various forms.

By Linnseus, in his Sijsfema Natur<v^ this family together

with the above enumerated related ones was first all included

in the single genus Cicada, which was thus characterized:

" Rostrum inflexed. Antennae setaceous. Wings 4, mem-
branous, deflexed. Feet (generally) saltatorial."

Later, GeofEroy proposed the name Tettigonia for those hav-

ing but two ocelli, reserving Cicada for those having three ocelli

situated on the vertex. Fabricius in his Entoniologia Systematica.,

1794, seems to have misunderstood Geoffroy, for he used Tetti-

gonia for Cicada and applied the latter name to our] present

group Jassidae, having separated from them^the Cercopida? and

Membracidae as genera, giving them the names Cercopis and

*The present article includes only the subfamily Tettigoninae. I

hope soon' to.complete the>emaining part-

I have,made use of'the.' collections and library of the State Labora-

tory of Natural History in preparing the present paper, and wish here

to acknowledge the kind favors and encouragement received from the

Director, Prof. S. A. Forbes.



10 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Membracis, so that, transposing the names Tettigonia and Ci-

cada, we have a series of genera nearly equivalent to the fami-

lies of later systematists. T say nearly, because a few aberrant

forms of Jassids (such as Ledra) were included in the Mem-
bracida?. A few other genera were established by Fabricius,

in his later writings, by the dismemberment of these groups,

and subsequent authors have added greatly to the list of genera,

so that now as many as two hundred have been proposed, of

which perhaps half may stand the test of time.

STRUCTURE.

As in all other true insects, the body is composed of a series

of more or less irregular chitinous rings, called segments, dis-

posed in three regions, the head, thorax, and abdomen. The

head in this group is very variable in shape, but always some-

what triangular when seen directly from before or from be-

hind, the two large and often prominent eyes forming the up-

per corners, and the beak arising from the much reflexed apex.

The first of the three segments which comprise the thorax is

very prominent above, but small and nearly covered by the in-

flexion of the head beneath. The other segments are closely

connected, and about equal above and below. The abdomen

consists of seven or eight segments tapering backwards and

provided near the tip with a rather large genital apparatus.

Head. Returning now to the head, we can distinguish two

surfaces besides the backside, which is concealed by the thorax:

one above, the dorsal surface, more or less flat; and the other,

called the face, often very convex, and including all that por-

tion looking downward, forward, and to the sides. These

planes are separated by a more or less distinct edge known as

the front edge.

Above the head, between the eyes, and generally surround-

ing them, a large variable piece, not very distinctly marked off

from the one in front, may be seen, which is known as the ver-

tex (PI. I., Fig. 3). The separation from the piece before it, is

quite distinct at the sides of the vertex, being by sutures (PI.

I., Figs. 1, 2), but often not so at the middle, where it may

not be visibly divided at all.



Jassidce of Illinois. 11

The vertex is sometimes inflexed over the front edge of

the head, and sometimes does not reach it.

In front of or below the vertex, and often not distinctly

separable from it, the face extends as a long median piece upon

the front, often presenting somewhat the shape of an inverted

pear. The upper end varies in shape and position with the size

and shape of the vertex. The clypeus is a piece attached to

the lower end of the face. Tt varies much in shape, being round,

square, expanded at base or at apex, or constricted at the mid-

dle or near the base. On either side of the clypeus is a more

or less elongate piece, the lora, which also covers a portion

of the face; the inner margin is quite straight, and the outer,

curved and sometimes constricted at its upper end.

The remaining portion of the cheeks consists of broad ex-

panded pieces, which may for convenience be divided into two

parts,— one forming a somewhat elevated plane or ridge above

the antennge and entirely in front of the eyes, and the other

being on a lower plane than the rest of the front. The outer

edge of this lower portion of the cheeks is variable, being some-

times bent outward, sometimes inward, but always forming a

thin sharp edge.

The eyes are somewhat oval organs, situated at the upper

posterior corners of the head. They are finely granulate. On
the anterior edge, near the antennge, there is in some species, a

considerable notch; otherwise the margin is entire.

Of even more importance, from a systematic point of view,

are the ocelli. These are small round organs often situated on

low elevations. In position they are constant in their varia-

tion, and therefore of the highest value for classification. Their

normal position seems to be at the junction of the vertex,

front, and cheeks. In the Tettigoninie they are on the middle

of the vertex; in Acocephalini, just before the eyes, on the

front edge of the head; in AUygus, audits allies, on the face,

—

etc.

The antennifi of Jassidae (PI. I., Fig. 4) are almost uniformly

setaceous; the basal joint is very large, rounded, about as wide as

long; the second is much smaller, but still quite large, and of

nearly the same shape; the third is as much smaller than thn

second as the second is smaller than the first, being smallest at



12 Winois State Laboratory of Natural History.

base, and enlarging nearly to the tip, then decreasing. The suc-

ceeding segments are short and decrease regularly in diameter.

There are peculiar thickened curved hairs on the third, fourth,

and fifth joints, A peculiar form of antenna is found in

Idiocerus, having comparatively few joints, and the terminal

three or four greatly enlarged into a club.

The mouth parts consist of five pieces; a greatly enlarged

labrum, forming a fleshy proboscis surrounding four slender

lancet-like processes homologous with the mandibles and

maxillae.

Thorax. The most anterior segment of the thorax, the

prothorax, consists of a large dorsal plate above— the pronotum

or disk of the thorax. Beneath (PI. I., Fig. 5), the pleurites and

sternum are small, except the episternum, which is often ex-

panded into a broad plate which touches the episternum of the

other side along the median line. The pronotum covers the edge

of the head before and the base of the wings behind. It is

square or hexagonal in shape, the corners being designated

(beginning from before) as the anterior, posterior, and scu-

tellar,— the latter, however, are sometimes wanting.

The pleurites are well shown in the figure, and the sternum

simply forms the bottom of a groove into which the beak is

received. With regard to the two remaining segments little

need be said. The dorsal surface is covered by the wings

(elytra) to Avhich they give rise, with the exception of a large

triangular portion called the scutellum. This piece appears to

be composed of part of the dorsum of both segments. The

portion covered by the wings is sometimes almost membranous,

and is never as strong as tlie rest of the body wall. The pleuri-

tes are on the sides; the epipleura? are large and distinct; and

the episterna are small. The sterna are transverse and the

coxae extremely large.

A pair of legs arises from each thoracic segment (PL I., Fig.

6). They are alike in general appearance, except that they in-

crease greatly in size from before backwards and become propor-

tionally more slender and spiny. Each leg consists of (1) a

large rounded oval basal joint, the coxa, which is partly received

in a hole in the thorax, the coxal cavity; (2) a small, some-

what triangular joint, the trochanter; (3) the femur, a long,



Jassidit" of Illinois. 18

thick, and strong joint; (4) a slender, somewhat prismatic,

and more or less spiny tibia; and (5) a three-jointed tarsus

terminated by a pair of thick slightly curved claws.

The anterior wings, or elytra, are long, rather slender

organs, quite hard in texture, forming a shield to the deli-

cate true wings. The inner basal triangular portion, called

the clavuui or claval area, is separated from the rest of the

wings by a bend or suture known as the claval suture. The

venation of the anterior wings is of considerable value for

classification. The veins arising from the base have been

called sectors. The one on the margin is called the marginal

vein. Transverse veins are those appearing towards the tip, and

connecting sectors or their branches. The areas between the

veins are known as basal and apical cells, and when more than

one series exists beyond the basal cells, the additional ones are

called the anteapical cells. The veins in the clavum are the

claval veins. The hind wings have about six sectors, variously

forked and united by a few cross-veins, and afford some of the

best and most tangible generic characters. The marginal vein

does not lie on the margin but parallel with it. It does not ex-

tend all around the wings, therefore some of the posterior basal

cells are open.

Abdomen. The abdomen consists of five segments in the

male and six in the female. They taper gradually towards the

tip, where are the large genital organs. Figs. 7-9, Plate I.,

show the structure of the abdominal plates around the ovipositor.

CLASSIFICATION.

The classification of the Jassidae has undergone the usual

amount of change and confusion and is still not satisfactorily

settled; but most authorities agree in placing these insects in a

series of quite well-defined groups. Primarily they arrange

themselves naturally into two large groups or subfamilies.

These subfamilies are characterized by the position of the

ocelli. Not that these characters are necessarily of such fun-

damental' importance that we may establish such high groups

upon them, but because they seem correlated with other char-

acters harder to express but none the less evident and essential.

We will therefore divide this family as follows:



14 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Ocelli situated upon the disk of the vertex Tettigonln^.

Ocelli situated on the front or near the front margin of the

head jASSiNiE.

SUBFAMILY TETTIGONIN^.

Two very natural groups of genera can be distinguished

as follows:

Body broadly oval flat Tribe I. Gyponina.

Body more or less cylindrical Tribe IT. Proconina.

Tribe I. Prooonina StIl.

Genus 1. Onoometopia StIl.

Proconia Am. and Serv., Hist, des Hemip., p. 571 (1843).

Oncometopia Stal, Hemip. Fabr. Part II., p. 62 (1869).

Somewhat cylindrical, with head and anterior parts of the

thorax bent downwards at an angle of about 15°, or more.

Head with prominent eyes extending laterally beyond the sides

of the head. A faint groove behind each ocellus. Ocelli sit-

uated on feeble nodules, farther from each other than from the

eyes. Vertex not attaining the front margin. Front very

convex, with the usual striations extending over the front mar-

gin on to the top of the head. Genae projecting outwards and

forwards beyond the margin of the head. Clypeus convex and

not entirely separate from the front, extending beyond the

margin of the side of the head. Lore rather small but distinct.

Pronotum with its sides inflexed, surface irregularly wrinkled

by transverse striations formed of coarse punctures. Scutellum

triangular, with a depressed transverse line about the middle.

Beneath, the coxae are very large and the mesothoracicepi-

sterna are large and flat. Elytra with the apical and anteapical

cells remarkably uniform in size. The anterior sector is forked

about the middle, and a third fork is given off towards

the apex. A narrow apical membrane is present. Claval

veins two, sometimes united by one or two cross-veins.

First sector of the wing giving off a faint marginal fork, poste-

rior fork connected with the anterior fork of the second sector



Jassidce of Illinois. 15

by a cross-vein. Posterior fork of the second sector likewise con-

nected with the third simple sector. Fourth sector simple^ the

fifth forked, and the sixth small and simple. The marginal

vein turns abruptly to the margin after attaining the posterior

fork of the fifth sector. Abdomen with six segments in the

female, seven in the male.

Two very dissimilar species in our fauna belong to this

genus; O. undata Fabr., and 0. costalis Fabr. The former is

long and slender; the head and thorax are much deflexed; the

elytra have rather large apical cells; and the claval veins are

united with one or more cross-veins ; while in the latter species the

body is short and thick, with the head and thorax relatively

but little deflexed, the apical cells in the elytra small, and the

claval veins separate.

These species are known in collections, and in most books,

under the generic name Proconia, but Stal has shown (in

Hemip. Fabr.) that Proconia Lep. & Serv. is not Proconia of

Am. & Serv. He therefore uses Proconia as originally intended

and divides Proconia Am. & Serv. into several genera, one of

which is Oncometopia.

O. undata Fabr. (PI. II., Figs. 10-14.)

Cicada undata Fabr. Ent. Syst. IV., p. 32, 23 ; Fabr. Syst. Rhyng.

p. 62, 5.— Coqueb. Illust. 1, p. 32, tab. 8, fig. 3.—Blanch. Hist.

Nat. III., p. 192, 160.

Cicada orbona Fabr. Ent. Syst. Sup., p. 520, 25-6 ; Fabr. Syst. Rhyng.

p. 72, 50.

Tettigonia undata Germ. Mag. d'Ent. Tome IV., p. 61, 6.— Sign., Ann.

Soc. Ent. Fr. Tome II., p. 486, 225, PL 17, fig. 5.

Proconia tmdata Walk., List of Homop., p. 783, 3.

Proconia nigricans Walk., 1. c, p. 783, 8.

Proconia tenebrosa Walk., List of Hemip., p. 787, 16.

Proconia plagiata Walk., List of Homop., p, 788, 17.

Oncometopia undata Stal, Hemip. Fabr., Part II., p. 62.

Cylindrical, slate-blue or gray above, head, scutellum, and

the under side reddish yellow.

Length 12 mm.
Head. Above marked with somewhat irregular black

lines in the following manner: a line along the hind margin

next the thorax; one around the front edge of the head; a pair



16 tltinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

of lines going backward from this frontal line and uniting, thus

forming a pear-shaped cell, from the hack edge of which two

pairs of lines radiate; an elbowed line to the eyes; and another

meeting the front margin at the fore end of the gente,

forming an oval cell. There is often an additional line dividing

this cell in halves. The peculiarities of the sculpturing consist

in a shallow median longitudinal groove and a pair of shallower

and wider ones extending from the ocelli to the hind margin.

Beneath irregularly marked with black spots; a median line

from the middle of the front edge to the middle of the front;

an additional line often present, from the middle of the side of

the front edge, parallel with the median line. Generally a

faint line on the suture between the clypeus and the front.

The lower margin of the eyes is distinctly concave.

Thorax. Pronotum slaty blue or gray, anterior margin

reddish yellow, more or less distinctly separated from the darker

parts by a sinuous black line; punctures dark or black; base

darker. Scutellum bright reddish yellow marked with black

as follows: a transverse line on the depressed portion; a

pair of longitudinal lines from the outer ends of this to the

anterior margin; a short transverse line connecting the middle

of these; and, lastly, a still shorter median line connecting the

middle of the transverse lines. Besides this the front median

area is irregularly spotted with black. Beneath, the thorax is

marked with irregular dots and patches of black, variable in

form, number, and position, so that all that can be said is that

the pleurites of the mesothorax and metathorax are generally

darkest. The coxal cavities are large. The elytra are slate-

blue or gray with the tips hyaline, the apical cells quite large,

and the claval veins connected by one or more transverse veins.

The wings are smoky or hyaline.

Abdomen. The abdomen is reddish yellow, all but the

lateral edges of the first five dorsal segments and the bases of

the sternal pieces, which are black.

Not a very common insect, but may be found at almost any

time in all parts of the State. It lives on the grape vine and

is said to become so numerous sometimes as to be very

injurious.



Jassidfe of Illinois. 17

O. costalis Fabr,

Cercopis costalis Fabr., Syst. Rhyng., p. 96, 44.

Cercopis lateralis Fabr., Ent. Syst. Sup., p. 524, 24-5.—Coqueb., Illust.

1, p. 35, tab. 9, fig. 3.

Cercopis marginella. Fabr., Syst. Rhyng., p 96, 44.

Tettigonia lugens Walk., List Homop., p. 775, 108.

Tettigonia pyrrhotelus Walk., 1. c, p. 775, 109.

Tettigonia costalis Sign., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. Tome II. (1854), .359,210.

Black marked with fine yellow spots and two longitudinal

red lines on each elytron.

Length 7 mm.
Head. Above evenly marked with a very great number

of very small yellow spots. The head is much smoother than

in the previous species, there being no indication of a median

groove and scarcely any behind the ocelli, which are nearer the

hind margin than in that species, the yellow spots along the

front margin forming a quite distinct line. Beneath, the sur-

face has likewise the yellow spots, those on the front generally

following the striations. Those on the cheeks are fewer and

larger, and there are only two or three on the clypeus.

Thorax. Pronotum with the sides less inflexed than in

0. imdata, black, spotted with yellow like the head. Scutellum

black, marked with yellowish lines, four on the anterior portion,

one pair of which'is longitudinal, and the other oblique, lying

on the edges of the scutellum. The posterior portion has three

lines, an oblique one on either margin and a single longitudinal

median one. Sometimes a transverse line is also present on the

groove separating the two portions. Beneath, the pleurites

have a prominent yellow stripe extending backwards from the

posterior corner of the eyes. Below these, several irregular yel-

low spots are found, larger than those marking the dorsum.

Legs black, with the rows of spines on the femur and tibia? yel-

low. Elytra black, marked with two broad red bands, one on

the costa and one on the sutural edge of the clavum. The

cells which are not covered by the red bands are generally mar-

gined with yellow. The apical cells are small and the claval

veins distinct. Wings as in 0. undata.

Abdomen. Above black, margined on each side with a

broad yellow stripe, the continuation of the stripes on the thorax.



18 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Beneath black, marked, as the head and thorax above, with line

yellow spots.

This species is not so widely and commonly distributed as

the preceding, but often occurs in considerable numbers.

Genus 2. Aulaoizes Am. & Serv.

Aulacizes Am. & Serv., Hemip. p. 571 (1843).

Size and general appearance of Oncometopia. Head with

less prominent eyes, hardly wider than the thorax; ocelli situ-

ated on a nodule which springs from a cavity on the vertex,

nearer the eyes than to each other. Vertex flat, having, in ad-

dition to the broad shallow pits in which the ocellar nodules rest,

three deep, broad sulcations, one larger and median, and the other

two situated one on either side between the eye and the ocellus.

The front is but little reflexed over the front margin on to the

top of the head. It is very convex below. The clypeus is slightly

convex. The gulas extend forwards and outwards, being slightly

arched and somewhat enlarged at the tip. The basal joints of

the antennae are also peculiarly enlarged at the tip. Pronotum

with its sides inflexed, surface irregularly wrinkled by trans-

verse striations formed of coarse punctures. Scutellum smal-

ler than usual, transversely striate, and not so distinctly sepa-

rated into an anterior and posterior portion. Behind, it is pro-

longed into a spinous process. Beneath, the coxas are very

large, and the mesothoracic episterna are large and flat. The

venation of the elytra is very variable. The figure shows one

form. The cells are irregular both in size and position. There

are two cells in the clavum. The wings are much more con-

stant. The first sector gives off a marginal fork, and a cross-vein

connects the posterior fork of the first sector with the anterior

fork of the second. The second sector forks so near the tip

that the cross-vein connecting its posterior fork to the tliird

simple sector is extremely long. Fourth and fifth sectors

forked. Marginal vein not attaining the margin till near the

sixth simple sector. Abdomen with six segments in the fe-

male, seven in the male.

A single species represents this genus in our fauna.



Jassidce of Illinois. 19

A. irrorata Fabr. (PI. II., Figs. 15-18.)

Cicada irrorata Fabr., Ent. Syst., IV., p. 33, 24 ; Fabr., Syst. Rhyng.

p. 62, 6.— Coqueb., Illust. 1, p. 32, tab. 8, fig. 3.— Blanch.

Hist. Nat. III., p. 192, 17.

Tettigonia rvfiventris Walk., List Homop., p. 796, 12.

Tettigonia irrorata Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., Tome III. (1852), p.

59, 276.

Size and general appearance of Oncometopia undata.

Color yellowish brown to black, sprinkled with yellowish white.

Length 12 mm.
Head. Above nearly black, mottled with yellowish white

and tinged in places with rose-red. End of gula, above, rosy.

Eyes gray, ocelli brown. Beneath, face yellowish marked with

red lines in the furrows, and with black irregular projections on

the upper and lower edges. From the latter a conspicuous blunt

hook-like line extends on each side, and anterior to these lines are

eight small symmetrically arranged spots. Clypeus black above,

with yellow on the sides. The cheeks are dusky yellow, hairy,

with some black near the clypeus. Lore small, as in Oncome-

topia, color black.

Thorax. Pronotum nearly black, with yellow spots

much finer and thicker than those on the head, the deflexed

side-margins, however, with fewer and coarser spots. Scutel-

lum small, triangular, basal portion black, middle portion yel-

low, and extreme tip brown, shading into black on the terminal

spine. Beneath yellow, dusky towards the middle, marked

with a few black spots. Femur light yellow, basal end black,

and apical third brownish yellow; tibiae and tarsi dark

yellow tipped with black. Not so spiny as Oncometopia.

Elytra reddish brown irrorate with minute yellow spots, tip

hardly hyaline, marginal membrane distinct, venation variable.

Wings transparent.

Abdomen. Red above, yellowish beneath, with a broad

median and a narrower sutural black line. Female ovipositor

black with the sheaths red. The male differs in the still

wider median black genital armature.

This fine species is not au uncommon insect, and though

easily mistaken for Oncometopia at a first glance is easily

distinguishable.



20 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Genus 3. Tettigonia GEOFFii.

Tettigonia GeoflFr., Hist, des Ins. I., p. 429.

Body elongate, slender. Head rounded or triangular in

front, not wider than the thorax, above generally flat, vertex

not reaching the front margin. Front large, convex, striate as

usual, the portion reflexed over the front edge only slightly,

and sometimes not at all, striate. Clypeus large, generally

convex. Ocelli nearer the eyes than to each other. Gen^e

large, deflexed, tips projecting donv^^ards, and not forv^^ards and

outwards as in the preceding genera. Pronotum hexagonal,

with the scutellar angles often very obtuse and the outer side

much rounded, deflexed at the sides. Scutellum triangular,

divided by the usual transverse groove; surface quite smooth.

Beneath, the coxa3 are very large and the mesothoracic epi-

sternum is large and flat. Legs with the tibiae long, prismatic,

and spinulose. Elytra with four different types of venation,

with a small marginal membrane. Wings with the second

sector having the two branches connected with the first and

third simple sectors by short cross-veins. Fourth sector forked

and fifth simple. Marginal vein apparently attaining the mar-

gin immediately after joining the posterior fork of the fourth

sector.

This genus is one of large extent, possessing members both

common and variable. Indeed it may be considered one of the

dominant groups of insects. Many of our species belong to

the genus Diedrocephala, but the characters which separate it

from Tettigonia are not of generic importance, as European

authors now agree. Nevertheless differences enough do exist

to divide it into a number of well-marked subgenera and

sections.

One of the most striking of these is represented by a sin-

gle species, T. tripunctata Fitch. The peculiarity of this species

consists in the short vertex, the remarkably long front and

clypeus, the absence of the anteapical cells in the elytra, and

also in the forking of the first sector near the base, so that it

appears like an additional sector.

The second section is represented by T. bifida of Say, and

is characterized by its very short, rounded vertex, the absence



Jassidce of Illinois. 21

of anteapical cells in the elytra, and the almost basal forking of

the first sector.

The remaining species group themselves into the two sub-

genera Diedrocephala and Tettigonia as limited by Signoret,

which are distinguishable by the more rounded vertex and front

margin of Tettigonia and the more or less conical head of

Diedrocephala. To Tettigonia belong T. siniilis, n. sp., T. hie-

roglypJiica Say, and two varieties of the latter; and to Diedro-

cephala, T. versuta Say, T. coccinea Forst., T. moUipes Say, and

T. noveboracensisFitch.

The relation of these species is well shown in the following

diagram

:

versuta.

coccinea.

mollipes.

H ^^ ' '

. noveboracensii
W
H
H
CD "^^~~--,,^^

"""
—.^,_^

' '==:r-—- 'Viieroglyphica.

Z ~-..^^
"—

-~~_,,_^
\/~~~-- van a.

?* ~~~-

—

\ var. b.

bifida.

tripunctata.

The following synopsis will serve to distinguish our

species

:

TETTIGONIA.

Face not greatly elongate.

Elytra with anteapical cells.

Head more or less flat above, with the front margin

distinct. Subgenus I.

But one row of anteapical cells in elytra. Sect. I.

Vertex with two longitudinal black lines.

T. VERSUTA Say.

Vertex not lineate T. cocciitea Say.

Several rows of anteapical cells. Sect. II.

Head long, with no black spots near the tip.

T. MOLLIPES Say.

Head shorter, with a pair of black spots near

the tip T. NOVEBORACENSIS FiTOH.

Head rounded at tip, with no distinct front margin.



22 Illinois State Lnboratonj of Natural Histor;/.

Subgenus II.

Scutelluni with a median black portion.

T. siMiLis, n. sp.

Scutelluni with median portion red or yellow.

Color reddish . . . T. hieroglyphica Say.

Color slate-green var. «,

Color nearly black var. ,5.

Elytra without anteapical cells. Subgenus III.

T. BIFIDA Say.

Face greatly elongated, Subgenus IV.

T. TRIPUNCTATA FiTCH.

Subgenus I.

Head conical, front margin distinct. (Teneral color green.

Section T.

Elytra with a row of apical and one of anteapical cells.

T. versuta Say.

Tettigonia versuta Say, Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. 16, p. 311.

Green lineate with red. Head above with black-bordered

marginal and light yellowish green median lines.

Length 8 mm.
Head. Above reddish, marked with yellowish green, and

with narrow black lines as follows: narrow a black line on the

posterior margin and a larger one on the front edge; one on

either side of the narrow longitudinal median light stripe; one

margining the lateral light stripes; and, lastly, one transverse to

this stripe, opposite the genge. The lateral light stripe sends a

small lobe inwards towards the ocelli. Beneath yellowish green

without markings, except faint dark lines on some of the stria-

tions of the front.

TJiorax. Pronotum bluish green, with a large median

spot and a lateral line on each side, red, and with the extreme

lateral and front edge lighter green. Scutellum orange, with

the anterior and posterior extremities yellow, marked with five

parallel black longitudinal lines on the anterior portion, the

three inner of which are connected by a transverse line on the



Jassidm of Tllinois. 23

median impression. From this two lines extend back over the

posterior portion. Beneath unicolorous yellowish green. Legs

yellowish green with spurs at tip of tibise, and tarsal joints

brown or black. Elytra dark bluish green with two broad red

stripes separated by a blue line; tips and the costa near the

tip, spotted brown. Wings dusky brown, veins deep brown.

Abdomen. Beneath yellowish green.

Not rare in southern Illinois in the middle and latter part

of the summer.

T. coccinea Forst.

Cicada coccinea Forst., Nov. Species Insect., p. 96.

Tettigonia 4- vittata Say, Journ. Acad. Phila., Vol. VI., p. 312, 3.

Proconia 4- vittata Fitch, Cat. Ins. N. Y. State Cabinet, p. 55.

Diedrocephala coccinea Uhler, List Hemip. West of Miss. R., p. 91.

Green lineate with red. Head with black anterior border,,

but unmarked above.

Length 10 ram.

Head. Above orange, eyes green, front margin promi-

nently marked with a black band. The usual narrow black

line running inwards from the gense is present. Beneath uni-

form yellowish green, lateral edges of eyes dark.

Thorax. Pronotum green, marked with a transverse red

line near the front margin, from which project backwards and

outwards a pair of heavier curved lines. A yellow scar on the

anterior corners. Scutellum deep orange, apical spines lighter.

Beneath green, pleurites margined with a deep black stripe

above, which is the continuation of that on the margin of the

head. Legs yellowish, spurs on tips of tibae, and tarsal joints,

brown. Elytra bluish green, with two longitudinal stripes red,

the outer one being the wider and having a green central por-

tion; tips black. Wings nearly black.

Abdomen red above, yellowish green beneath.

Common throughout the State. It has the same general

appearance as T. versuta but is quite distinct.



24* Illinois State Laboratory of Natural Historij.

Sectiok^II.

Elytra with severalrows'of irregular cells at the tip.

T. mollipes Say. (PI." TIT., Figs. 19-23.)

TeUigonia mollipes Say, Journ. Acad. Phila., Vol. VI., p. 312, 4.

Aulacizes mollipes Fitch, Cat. Ins. N. Y. State Cabinet, p. 56.

Diedrocephala mollipes Uhler, List Hemip. West of Miss. R., p. 92.

Bright green, head acutely conical.

Length 12 mm.
Head. Above light yellowish "green, marked with very

narrow black lines: one line in a median shallow groove; a

double-curved one on either side, extending from behind the

ocelli inwards and forwards, nearly touching the median line;

another on either side in the broad conspicuous groove sepa-

rating the vertex from the reflexed portion of the front; and,

finally, the usual bent one, extending inwards from the gena.

Below, the face is brown, darkest near the npper and lateral

margins. The striations of the front are darker, and the dark

lines thus formed extend back on the cheeks.

Thorax. Pronotum green, anterior and lateral margins

concolorous with the head. Scutellum light green, transverse

impression small, a white median longitudinal line being gen-

erally present. Beneath browiiish green, the lateral edges of

the pleurites with a black line which is the continuation of the

darkened border of the head. Legs greenish, with spurs on fem-

ora, tibiae, and tarsi brown or black. Elytra green unicolor-

ous. Wings hyaline.

Abdomen. Above black; sides yellow; beneath green.

Our most common species, and widely distributed. The

females difEer greatly from the males in the length of the head.

T. noveboracensis Fitch.

Aulacizes noveboracensis Fitch, Cat. Ins. N. Y. State Cabinet, p. 56.

Green; form, size, and general appearance of T. moUipes.^

but with four^conspicuous black vspots on the front margin.

Length|12Jmm.

^wc^^shorter thanHn T. niollipes. Above'yellowish green,

marked with black as follows: a largeblack^spot'on^the front

margin on either side of the tip; another on the^ gena? above,



Jassidw of Illinois. 25

just before the eyes; the usual line from the anterior edge of

the genae, which, however, is soon bent forward, proceeding

along the junction of the rettexed portion and the front; and,

lastly, a smaller line parallel with the latter on the vertex. Be-

neath, the face is 3^ellowisli green, and the lower and anterior

margins of the gena? are black.

Thorax. Pronotuni green, anterior and lateral margins

coucolorous with the head, a median line white. Scutellum

light green, transverse impression small, with a white median

longitudinal line. Beneath, yellowish green, sometimes with a

few black spots on the pleurites. Legs yellow, with terminal

spurs of tibiae and tarsal joints brown. Elytra unicolorous

green. Wings hyaline.

Abdomen. Above black; sides yellow; beneath green.

Rather rare. From northern Illinois.

Subgenus II.

Vertex and frontal margin rounded. Markings on the ver-

tex complex.

T. similis, n. sp.

Color light yellow, marked all over with fine brown lines

and dots.

Length 7 mm.
Head. Above yellow, tinted with rosy, and marked with

brown lines as follows: beginning at the base of the head, two

parallel lines, close together, extend about half way to the front

edge, then, making a regular curve, they pass backward and

around the ocelli, making two or three angular bends, and then

proceed directly forwards till they touch another paii- of

black lines bordering the large striated portion of the reflexed

front. Eyes black at the ends. Tip of the front margin with

a single round median black spot. Beneath reddish yellow,

with brown lines on the striai of the front. Cheeks with two

reddish stripes extending from the ends of the eyes to the

clypeus.

Thorax. Pronotum irregularly spotted with brown, ex-

cept four broad bands of lighter,— one pair almost on the mid-

dle of the dorsum, and one pair lateral. Scutellum brownish,

with three triangular black patches on the base, the middle one



26 Illinois State Laboratonj of Natural History.

of which extends to the transverse furrow which is marked

with a narrow bhick line; from this two lines extend towards

the tip. Beneath reddish yellow, with a narrow brown line

laterally. Legs yellowish, terminal spurs on tibigi and tarsal

joints brown. Elytra light yellow, finely marked with longitud-

inal brown lines. Wings brown.

Abdomen. Above black, with white lateral margins; be-

neath yellowish green.

Rare. Described from one specimen, taken at Blooming-

ton in May, 1884. Quite similar in general structure to the

succeeding species, but the vsimple sharply defined markings on

the vertex, etc., seem to indicate true specific differences.

T. hieroglyphica Say. (PI. III., Figs. 24-26.)

Tettigouia hieroglyphica Say, Journ. Acad. Phila., Vol. VI., p. 313, 6.

Color variable, generally reddish, sometimes slaty green, or

even black, in varieties. Head and thorax with hieroglyphical

black markings.

Length 8 mm.
Head. Above reddish, with variable black markings.

These markings consist of a curved spot on the middle and

base of the vertex, one between the ocelli and the eyes, one on

the margin of the reflexed front, and a large median one on

the tip of the vertex. These spots are variously connected by

narrow lines, and other smaller spots may be present. Be-

neath, with light spots on the middle of the front and adjoin-

ing parts of the cheeks. Front generally marked with a black

line around the striated part, striations brown or black. Cly-

peus with a large black median spot.

Thorax. Pronotum reddish, with numerous small black

and white spots irregularly arranged. Scutellum v<iriably

marked, a broad central longitudinal band generally lighter.

Black triangular spots about the middle of the sides of the

base. Often a median black line present. Transverse striation

black. Beneath, reddish spotted with yellow, and with two

black spots laterally. Legs yellowish, terminal spurs on tibiae

and tarsal joints brown. Elytra reddish, often margined with

white; sometimes also with many short longitudinal light lines.



Jassidce of Illinois. 27

Abdomen. Above black, with white lateral margins;

beneath yellowish green.

A very common and extremely variable species. The two

following varieties are very noticeable:

Var. a.

This variety differs from T. liiero()lyphica., in being almost

entirely slaty green, though possessing the same black

markings. The median band of the scutellum is a beautiful

bright yellow. The elytra have five black longitudinal lines.

Body yellowish green beneath.

Var. /S.

This variety is deep black in color, apparently due to the

blendings of the black lines in var. «. ; the specimens show a

tendency to an obliteration of the slate-green markings and

may become entirely black. The most persistent lines, which

may indicate something of the original marking of the group,

are a yellow line before the eyes, one on the cheeks nearest the

base of the clypeus, and one just beneath the antenna?. The

median band on the scutellum seems to become even brighter.

There are also lines on the claval sutures of the elytra.

These remarkable varieties would probably have been

ranked as distinct species if connecting links were not often

taken.

Subgenus III.

Head very short, elytra apparently with an additional sector

and no anteapieal cells.

T. bifida Say.

Tetligonia bifida Say, .Journ. Acad. Phila., Vol. VI., p. 313, 5.

Grreen; head and thorax transversely, and elytra longitud-

inally, lineate with black.

Length 6 mm.
Head. Above yellow, with a broad black band in which

are situated the ocelli, and a conspicuous black tip. Eyes

brown. Beneath black, with two small yellow spots, one on

either side of the tip of the front margin. Sides of the front

and tip of the clypeus, brown. The gulfp are margined with

yellow, and the antennae are yellow.



28 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Thor((X. Pronotuiii with the central part green, and, at

the anterior and posterior margins, a double band of black and

yellow,— the black being in front of the yellow. Scutellum

small, black, margined with white. Beneath black, except the

narrow pleurites of the prothorax, which are yellow. Legs

yellowish, terminal spurs on tibiie and tarsal joints brown.

Elytra green, veins black or brown. Wings subhyaline, veins

brown.

Abdomen black, anal segments yellow.

This is a very beautiful and quite common insect. It

seems to differ so much from all others of the genus that a

subgenus must be made for it. It is well distributed over the

State.

Subgenus IV.

Head above, short, face very much elongate. Elytra with-

out anteapical cells.

T. tripunctata Fitch. (PL III., Fig. 27.)

T. tripunctata, Fitch. Cat. Ins. N. Y. State Cab., p. 53.

Pale brownish yellow, lineate with brown. Head with

three black spots above.

Length 5 mm.
Head. Above light brownish yellow, with a large black

spot around both ocelli and one on the apex of the front mar-

gin; the striations of the reflexed portion are brown. Eyes

marked with a brown spot. Beneath light brownish yellow,

with a pair of brown lines on each side of the front, bounding

the striated portion and converging till they meet on the cly-

peus. The cheeks are ornamented with two broad brown

stripes.

Thorax. Pronotum light brownish yellow, with two

transverse brown lines. Scutellum small, yellowish, with a

central pale brown spot. Beneath yellowish, side pieces often

bordered with lighter. Legs yellowish, terminal spurs on the

tibia3 and tarsal joints brown. Elytra brownish yellow, veins

black or brown. Wings subhyaline, veins brown.

Abdomen beneath, yellowish.

Rare in southern Illinois.



Jassidce of Illinois. 29

Tribe II. Gyponina.

Genus IV. Gypona.

Gypona Germ., Mag. d'Ent. Tome IV., p. 73.

Oval, flattened insects, about one cm. long by two or three

mm. wide; generally green.

Head about twice as wide as long; anterior margin strongly,

and the posterior but slightly, curved. Eyes, as seen from

above, large, triangular, situated on the outer corners. Ocelli

on the vertex, often on short tubercles. Vertex often longi-

tudinally furrowed. Thorax about two and a half times as

wide as long; the anterior and posterior edges about equally

curved; lateral edges composed of two nearly straight portions,

united at about one third from base in an obtuse angle,— the

outer angle. The sculpturing consists of a series of nearly

parallel transverse striations, sometimes interrupted anteriorly

by a large scar. Scutellum triangular, the top-shaped tip gen-

erally marked off by a distinct suture. The whole scutellum is

sculptured like the thorax, even to the large lateral anterior

scars. Elytra with two veins on the clavum, the radial

vein forked and the apical and anteapical cells variable

according to the species. Wings hyaline. Abdomen with six

segments in the male and five in the female. Beneath, the

legs close together, increasing in size from before backwards.

I have seen five species of this genus from Illinios, four

new. Two others have been described from this State; one by
Uhler, the description of which I append, and the other by
Sahlberg, which I have not seen.

The following table will serve to distinguish]the five species

that I know:

Not red above.

Elytra white or light yellow.

Head and thorax light yellowish.

Thorax 8-lineate with red G, 8-lineata.

Thorax bipunctate with black . . G. bipunctulata.

Head and thorax black G. nigra.



30 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Elytra black, except the outer edge, which is whitish.

G, ALBIMARGINATA.

Reddish all over the back G. bimaculata.

The insects of this genus are remarkably uniform, but the

species are distinctly marked.

G. 8-lineata Say.

G. 8-lineata Say. Jour. Acad. Phila., Vol. 17., p. 340.

Green, with eight red or yellow lines on the thorax, which

continue on the head and scutellum. Elytra with yellowish

veins.

Length 10 mm.
Head. Above green, with the continuation of the red-

dish lines as follows: a middle pair, close to the median furrow,

continuing nearly to the apex; the next pair represented only

by small yellowish spots; while the third follows along the

edge of the eye and the anterior margin of the head, the

outer pair not being present. Beneath, the color is lighter than

above, unicolorous, the front and clypeus not separated by a

distinct suture.

Thorax. Pronotum very narrowly margined, disk finely

striate, and with eight equal parallel reddish lines. Scutellum

green, anterior portion with six reddish lines continued from

the thorax, terminal portion transversely striate. Beneath, and

legs, light green. Elytra uniform green, apical and anteapical

cells irregular, numerous.

Abdomen unicolorous green.

The most common species of this genus.

G. bipunctulata , n. sp.

Green, unmarked, except by a black spot near the anterior

edge of the prothorax on either side.

Length 10 mm.
Head shorter, and with slightly blunter anterior margin

than in G. 8-lineata. Transverse striations visible on the front,

and the lore distinct.

TJiorax with the pronotum faintly transversely striate,

with the usual scars, and also bipunctate with black. Scutel-



Jassidw of IlUnois. 31

lum with the usual scars and striatioiis behind. Legs and under

surface lighter. Elytra with five apical and four anteapical

cells. Wings hyaline.

Abdomen unicolorous green.

Not so common as the preceding species.

G. nigra, n. sp.

Black above; margin of the thorax and the elytra yellow-

ish green; beneath green.

Length 9 mm.
Head. Above without median groove, the surface irreg-

ularly striated, the striaj extending obliquely forward; color

black; eyes, a narrow margin near them, a line extending for-

wards and inwards from the ocelli, and a spot near the posterior

margin of the head, behind them, yellowish green. Beneath

green.

Thorax. Pronotum black, with the lateral margins, and

sometimes a spot on the anterior edge, green. Beside the usual

lateral scar, there is a smaller additional one just behind it.

Only the posterior portion of the disk striate. Scutellum black,

with the corners yellowish green. Legs and under surface

lighter. Elytra with five apical and four anteapical cells, color

light yellowish green, semi-transparent.

Abdomen black above and green below.

G. albimarginata, n. sp.

Scutellum and elytra black; head, thorax, and edge of

elytra greenish yellow. Beneath greenish marked with black.

Length 10 mm.
Head. Above, with a scar on either side near the base;

color pale greenish yellow with the median groove and scars

brown. Beneath yellowish green, with brown patches in the

prominent frontal striations and on the gense.

Thorax. Pronotum pale yellowish green, with the pos-

terior border brown. Scars four, as in G. nigra. Only the

posterior half of the disk striate. Scutellum black, with two
brownish spots on either side near the front margin, and also,

sometimes, a broad, shallow median groove, brown. Posterior



32 Illinois State Lahoratory of Natural History.

part brown, with lateral edges yellowish white. Elytra black,

outer margin with a very broad, and the inner margin with a

very narrow, edge of light greenish yellow. Veins near the tip

margined with brown.

Abdomen. Beneath^yellowish, marked with dark brown

or black; lateral pieces with a curved dash of brown, and the

median pieces with the basal half or two thirds, black or brown.

G. bimaculata, n. sp.

Rosaceous, head and anterior portion of the thorax green-

ish. Eyes, ocelli, and a small discal spot on elytra black.

Length 10 mm.
Head shorter than usual. Above, with the median groove

represented by a black line, eyes and ocelli deep black, conspic-

uous. Beneath paler green; the upper edge of the genae

acute, black; antennae black.

Thorax. Pronotum reddish, anterior part green and not

striate. Scutellum finely and irregularly striate, reddish; pos-

terior portion marked off by a narrow brown line and a coarsely

granulated brown patch on either side, near the anterior cor-

ners. Elytra rosaceous, with a small conspicuous black spot near

the middle. Wings brown, veins black.

Abdomen, beneath, green.

A beautiful species, also rare.

Gr. cinerea Uhler.

G. cinerea Uhler, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. III., p. 460.

I have not seen this species, but as it was described from

Illinois I copy the original description:

"Aspect of Philcenus, short, dark cinereous, more or less

tinged with yellow. Head long-semilunate, angular at tip, and

with the tip recurved, black; vertex flat, coarsely punctate

with black, a little pubescent, impressed behind the apex gen-

erally with a short, impressed, longitudinal line, and each side

with a longer one, or with simply indentations in their places;

face irregularly dotted with piceous, and with a few punctures

on the sides, the front convex transversely, more prominent

above, triangularly impressed at base, sometimes with traces



Jassidoi of Illinois. 33

of transverse brown lines; cheeks broad, the outer ones oblique,

a little expanded, and broadly rounded, very slenderly tapering

on the apical half. Antennae largely piceous, or banded with

piceous. Pronotum transversely rugulose, pointed with fus-

cous, a little punctate anteriorly and near the sides, a trans-

verse series of short, indented lines behind the forward margin,

and with a bald patch in the place of callosities; lateral margins

oblique, slanting beneath the middle of the eyes, the edge nar-

rowly recurved; propleurae dotted with fuscous, the raeso- and

meta-pleurae pale, a little tinged with piceous on the disks.

Legs pale brownish, or dull testaceous, dotted with fuscous; the

coxse clouded with fuscous, and the femora and tibiae more or less

piceous on the upper face, and the latter sometimes also on the

under face; tarsal joints either black beneath or at the apex or

with the last joint; nails and pulvilli piceous. Scutellum short,

acute, minutely rugulose and punctate at base and in

patches, minutely dotted with fuscous at remote, unequal in-

tervals. Hemelytra very broad, and with the costal margin

more arcuated in the female than in the male, and with the cells

shorter and more irregular; the nervules thick, prominent, mar-

gined each side, throughout, with fuscous, impressed punc-

tures; the costal edge thickened, a little recurved, the submar-

gin punctate with fuscous; apical cells longer and less oblique-

sided in the female than in the male. Tergum more or less

black, and the venter black basally, or with the disks only of

the segments before the apex black, or with all the segments

simply punctate with fuscous. The surface is generally in-

vested with minute, prostrate, yellowish pubescence."

Length to tip of hemelytra, 7-9 m.m. Width of prono-

tum, 2.5-3 'mm.



EXPLANATION OF PLATES.*

PLATE T.

Fig.

Fig.



PLATE I.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 2.

r^
Fig. 3.

Pig. 4.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7. Fi(i. y.



PLATE II.

Fig. 12. Fig. 13.

Fig. 11.

Fjg. 10.

Fig. 14.

Fig. 16.

Fig. 17.

Fig. If).

Fig. is.



PLATE III.

FIG. 19.

Fig. 21.

Fig. 20.

FIG. 22.

Fig. 24.

Fig. 23.

Fig. 26.

Fig. 27.

Fig. 25.



*.