Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Volume 38, Article 6 May 2009 Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) III. Genus Erythridula Dmitry A. Dmitriev and Christopher H. Dietrich Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability William Shilts, Executive Director Illinois Natural History Survey Brian D. Anderson, Director I-Building 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, Illinois 61820 217-333-6880 Citation: Dmitriev, D.A., and C.H. Dietrich. 2009. Review of the species of New World Erythroneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). III. Genus Erythridula. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 38(6):215–334. For permissions, contact the Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability. Editor: Charles Warwick US ISSN 0073-4918 US ISBN 1-882932-20-X © 2009 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. All rights reserved. Printed with soy ink on recycled and recyclable paper. The University of Illinois will not engage in discrimination or harassment against any person because of race, color, religion, national origin, ancestry, age, marital status, disability, sexual orientation including gender identity, unfavorable discharge from the military or status as a protected veteran and will comply with all federal and state nondiscrimination, equal opportunity and affirmative action laws, orders and regulations. This nondiscrimination policy applies to admissions, employment, access to and treatment in University programs and activities. University complaint and grievance procedures provide employees and students with the means for the resolution of complaints that allege a violation of this Statement. Inquiries or complaints may be addressed to the Director and Assistant Chancellor, Office of Equal Opportunity and Access, 601 East John Street, Swanlund Administra- tion Building, (217) 333-0885, fax (217) 244-9136, TTY (217) 244-9850 or the Associate Provost and Director, Academic Human Resources, Henry Administration Building, (217) 333-6747, fax (217) 244-5584. For other University of Illinois information, contact University Directory Assistance at 333-1000. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) III. Genus Erythridula Dmitry A. Dmitriev and Christopher H. Dietrich Plate 1. a—Erythridula diffisa (Beamer); b—E. ulmosa (Ross & DeLong); c—E. brundusa (Robinson); d—E. lemnisca (McAtee); e—E. fumida (Gillette); f—E. crevecoeuri (Gillette); g—E. aesculella (Ross & DeLong); h—E. modica (Beamer). Contents Plate 1 (Photos of Erythridula Species) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frontis Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216 Materials and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216 Taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 Genus Erythridula Young, 1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 Key to Adult Males of Erythridula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 Erythridula lawsoniana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 Erythridula electa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 Erythridula sagittata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234 Erythridula complicata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Erythridula bitincta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235 Erythridula crataegi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236 Erythridula intricata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Erythridula canadensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Erythridula occidua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 Erythridula dolosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Erythridula anomala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Erythridula mansueta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240 Erythridula celebrata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 Erythridula brundusa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 Erythridula whitti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242 Erythridula rubrotincta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243 Erythridula tridens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243 Erythridula juglandis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244 Erythridula divisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Erythridula lloydi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Erythridula morrisi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246 Erythridula cruciformis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 Erythridula pfrimmeri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 Erythridula autenae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Erythridula martini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249 Erythridula tolerata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249 Erythridula dunni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250 Erythridula parsonsi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 Erythridula afflicta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 Erythridula noeva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252 Erythridula nondescripta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 Erythridula infinita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Erythridula spearca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254 Erythridula aesculella. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 Erythridula perita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 Erythridula haspata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256 Erythridula wysongi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 Erythridula torva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 Erythridula rubens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258 ii iii Plate 1 (Photos of Erythridula Species) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frontis Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216 Materials and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216 Taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 Genus Erythridula Young, 1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 Key to Adult Males of Erythridula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 Erythridula lawsoniana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 Erythridula electa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 Erythridula sagittata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234 Erythridula complicata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Erythridula bitincta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235 Erythridula crataegi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236 Erythridula intricata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Erythridula canadensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Erythridula occidua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 Erythridula dolosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Erythridula anomala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Erythridula mansueta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240 Erythridula celebrata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 Erythridula brundusa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 Erythridula whitti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242 Erythridula rubrotincta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243 Erythridula tridens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243 Erythridula juglandis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244 Erythridula divisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Erythridula lloydi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Erythridula morrisi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246 Erythridula cruciformis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 Erythridula pfrimmeri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 Erythridula autenae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Erythridula martini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249 Erythridula tolerata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249 Erythridula dunni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250 Erythridula parsonsi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 Erythridula afflicta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 Erythridula noeva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252 Erythridula nondescripta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 Erythridula infinita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Erythridula spearca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254 Erythridula aesculella. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 Erythridula perita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 Erythridula haspata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256 Erythridula wysongi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 Erythridula torva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 Erythridula rubens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258 Erythridula praecisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259 Erythridula aspera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259 Erythridula dowelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260 Erythridula furcillata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Erythridula plena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Erythridula crossi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262 Erythridula funesta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263 Erythridula rubrataeniensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263 Erythridula repleta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264 Erythridula minima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265 Erythridula rubroscuta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265 Erythridula nitida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 Erythridula acicularis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Erythridula penobliqua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Erythridula stolata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268 Erythridula ohioensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Erythridula fumida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Erythridula jonesi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270 Erythridula magnacalx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271 Erythridula penenoeva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271 Erythridula lucileae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272 Erythridula planerae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273 Erythridula amabilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273 Erythridula stylata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274 Erythridula ulmosa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275 Erythridula harpax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275 Erythridula ulmalatae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276 Erythridula angularis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Erythridula sincera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Erythridula hamata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278 Erythridula unicuspidis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279 Erythridula obliqua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279 Erythridula varia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280 Erythridula fulvocephala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281 Erythridula bicornis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282 Erythridula obvia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282 Erythridula minuta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283 Erythridula wyatti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284 Erythridula lemnisca. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284 Erythridula idonea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285 Erythridula beckiae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286 Erythridula crevecoeuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286 Erythridula malleiformis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 Erythridula meridiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288 Erythridula zephyr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288 Erythridula ilicis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289 Erythridula parvispicata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290 Erythridula insigna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290 Erythridula cornipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291 Erythridula falcata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 Erythridula herberti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 Erythridula acutalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293 Erythridula cotidiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294 Erythridula tenebrosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294 Erythridula tenuispica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 Erythridula rugosae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296 Erythridula kanza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296 Erythridula spatulata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297 Erythridula frisoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Erythridula sinua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Erythridula normanti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299 Erythridula nigriphylla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300 Erythridula rhododendronae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300 Erythridula verdana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301 Erythridula victorialis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302 Erythridula aenea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302 Erythridula diffisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303 Erythroneura inconspicua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304 Erythridula jocosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304 Erythridula cuneata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305 Erythridula scytha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306 Erythridula albescens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306 Erythridula ampla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307 Erythridula freta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308 Erythridula lasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308 Erythridula enata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309 Erythridula cauta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310 Erythridula lyratae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310 Erythridula rufostigmosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311 Erythridula volucris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312 Erythridula similalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313 Erythridula abolla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313 Erythridula penelutea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314 Erythridula scissa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315 Erythridula eluta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316 Erythridula vinaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317 Erythridula atrimucronata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317 Erythridula coarctata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318 Erythridula modica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319 Erythridula gleditsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319 Erythridula clavata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320 Erythridula quadrata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321 Erythridula juncea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321 Erythridula apta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322 Erythridula nava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322 Erythridula barbarae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323 Genus Alnetoidia Dlabola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325 Appendix I: Collections and Studied Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328 Appendix II: Host Plant Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331 Appendix III: Species Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332 iv Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 215 Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). III. Genus Erythridula Dmitry A. Dmitriev and Christopher H. Dietrich Abstract This review provides descriptions, color habitus photos, illustrations, a key for identification, and summaries of distributions and host plants for all known species of the genus Erythridula (135 species). E. canadensis sp.n. from British Columbia (Canada), E. planerae sp.n. from southern Illinois (USA), and E. wyatti sp.n. from southeastern USA are described as new; 129 new syn- onyms are recognized; a lectotype is designated for Typhlocyba obliqua var. dorsalis Gillette; neotypes are designated for E. lloydi Hepner and E. lasteri Hepner; E. rhodedendronae Hepner is emended to E. rhododendronae Hepner. Keywords: Auchenorrhyncha, Homoptera, leafhopper, morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy. Vol. 38 Art.6216 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Material and Methods Few previous workers have specifically targeted Erythridula in their collecting, and specimens from trap catches and other gen- eral collecting that find their way into curated collections are often in very poor condition. Because of this, and due to time and budget constraints, this study focused only on col- lections known to contain large numbers of well-curated specimens of Erythridula, as well as those housing primary types: Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Ohio State University (OSU), University of Kansas Natural History Museum (KSEM), Mississippi State University, Mississippi Entomological Museum (MEM), Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes (CNC), Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM), and Colorado State University (CSUC). The numbers of studied specimens from each col- lection are summarized in Appendix 1. Future collecting will undoubtedly show that the distributions of most species are much broader than indicated on the maps accompanying individual species treatments. Although these maps show regional biases reflecting the loca- tions and holdings of the studied collections, they are based on vouchered collection records and, thus, accurately reflect current knowledge of species distributions. On the maps the type locality is marked with a star. Identification of species was mainly based on type material. In some cases, when the type was not located, or the holotype is a female (e.g., most of McAtee’s species), we followed Beamer’s (1930b) interpretation, based on study of dissected male specimens that he labeled “allotype” to indicate that they had been compared to the female primary types of previ- ous workers. Although Beamer’s “allotypes” have no official standing in nomenclature, these dissected male specimens facilitate unambigu- ous interpretation of Beamer’s concept of the species. Morphological terminology follows Dietrich and Dmitriev (2006a) (Fig. 1). Al- though individual species have a characteristic color pattern, details and intensity may be highly variable both inter- and intraspecifically. Overwintering individuals tend to be more brightly colored than adults of the summer generation of the same species. This has re- sulted in many species being described multiple Introduction The genus Erythridula was described by Young (1952b) as a subgenus of Erythroneura Fitch to comprise the Erythroneura obliqua species group designated by Robinson (1926a) and comprehensively revised by Beamer (1930b). In that paper Beamer provided illustrations of the male genitalia for all known species, incorporated these characters into a dichoto- mous key, and associated males with most of the species and varieties (=subspecies, see ICZN, 1999, Art. 45.6.4) that had been described by McAtee (1920a, 1924c, 1924d, 1926c) and previous authors based on females. Johnson (1935a) independently revised the species of Erythroneura sensu lato (including Erythridula) from Ohio and provided a key for their identification. She described many new species in this and subsequent papers (Auten & Johnson, 1936a; Johnson & Auten, 1936a, Knull 1945b, 1946a, 1951a, 1951c, 1954d). After these revisions, H.H. Ross (with D.M. DeLong) and L.W. Hepner described about 150 additional species of Erythridula. Dworakows- ka (1970b) placed Erythridula as a subgenus of Arboridia Zachvatkin. Dietrich and Dmitriev (2006a) revised the generic classification of the New World Erythroneurini and elevated Eryth- ridula to the genus level. All species of Erythridula are native to temperate North America, where they feed and oviposit mainly on woody deciduous trees and shrubs. Adults overwinter in leaf litter. In the spring, they emerge and feed on the new leaves of early-emerging deciduous plants before mi- grating to their “definitive” summer host plants where they mate and lay eggs (Ross & DeLong 1953a). Most species oviposit and undergo nymphal development on a single, or a group of closely related, plant species. In the southern USA, they complete two or more generations per year, but in the North there may be but a single generation. In the fall, adults may again feed on a variety host plants prior to seeking out winter shelter in leaf litter. Most species of Erythridula have no known economic impor- tance, but few species are recorded as pests of apple (Beamer 1930a, 1932b; Ackerman & Isely, 1931a) and peach (McConnell, 1931a). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 217 times based on different color forms. In the descriptions below, the pattern of fully colored individuals is described, although completely or almost completely discolored forms are known for most species. Thus, identification keys are based mainly on male genitalia, with external characters used only for supplemental purposes. This work recognizes numerous syn- onyms treated as valid species by previous workers. Many junior synonyms represent color variants, or forms differing slightly in the shape of the aedeagus, particularly the thickness of the aedeagal shaft and slight dif- ferences in the shape, position and lengh of the processes. A few species were described based on specimens with the processes or tip of the aedeagal shaft broken, or aberrant forms with distorted genitalia (possibly caused by parasit- ism). Incorrect interpretation of the origin of the aedeagal processes when appressed to the shaft has led to description of a few more junior synonyms, and in some cases where genitalia were mounted on slides, species were described based on contaminant particles embedded in the balsam. Each species is illustrated by one or more habitus photos taken using a Microptics digital imaging system. Original drawings were prepared only in cases where those available from other sources were deemed inaccurate. Thus, numerous figures are reproduced from other sources, as noted in the figure captions. Inconsistencies (e.g., in line thickness) among line drawings reflect differences in the drawing styles of previous authors. In all cases, figures reproduced from previous publications are either in the public domain or are reproduced with permission. Line drawings of the male genitalia ac- companying each species treatment are labeled as follows: a – habitus; b – style apex, broad aspect; c – aedeagus, lateral view; d – aedeagus, posteroventral or ventral view; e – pygofer or pygofer dorsal appendage, lateral view. Nomenclatural, distributional, morphologi- cal and host-plant data summarized below were extracted from a relational specimen- level database of Erythroneurini (Dmitriev & Dietrich, 2003 onwards), developed using the 3I software package (Dmitriev, 2006a, Dmit- riev & Dietrich, 2008a). The on-line database provides more detailed information for each species, including a complete list of specimens examined, photos of type specimens, and inter- active key to species. In the species treatments below, only summer host plants are listed, although most species have also been collected from plants other than their oviposition hosts. Specimens of newly described taxa (E. canadensis sp.n. and E. wyatti sp.n.) are deposited in the insect collections of the Il- linois Natural History Survey (Champaign), University of Kansas Natural History Museum (Lawrence), and Mississippi State University (State College). Taxonomy Subfamily Typhlocybinae Tribe Erythroneurini Young, 1952 Genus Erythridula Young, 1952 Erythroneura obliqua species group Robinson, 1926a:109 Erythroneura (Erythridula) Young, 1952b:81 (Type: Tettigonia obli- qua Say, 1825) Arboridia (Erythridula) Dworakows- ka, 1970g:615 Erythroneura (Erhthridula) Hepner, 1976d:312 (Missp.) Erythroneura (Erythriduala) Hepner, 1976d:316 (Missp.) Erythridula Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:126 Diagnosis: Ground color usually pale, often with bold longitudinal red or orange oblique stripes; crown without pair of brown or black spots; forewing apical cells without dark spots. Male pygofer without ventral appendage or sclerotized ridge; dorsal appendage freely articulated; basolateral setae inconspicuous. Style apex with three angulate projections. Description: Length 2.4–3.7 mm, slender. Head narrower than pronotum; crown fore margin strongly produced and angulate medi- ally; ocelli absent or vestigial. Face depressed in profile, less than 45° from horizontal; male anteclypeus narrow, depressed, as in female. Forewing with outer apical cell about 2X as Vol. 38 Art.6218 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin long as wide; second apical cell with quadrate base (ir crossvein present); third apical cell parallel sided, straight; CuP vein longer than or subequal to segment of CuA between Cu and MP; basal segment of MP shorter than basal segment of CuA; inner apical cell with oblique base, basal segment of CuA and CuP veins forming continuous line; Pcu vein not visible. Hind wing apex broadly rounded; submarginal vein not extended to wing apex; RA vein pres- ent. Front femur AV row with one basal seta distinctly larger than others; PV row without fine basal setae. Pygofer apex not extended to apex of subgenital plate; lobe rounded or angu- late; with dorsal emargination extended to base of segment; with oblique dorsolateral internal ridge; without dorsal macrosetae; basolateral setae undifferentiated; dorsal appendage mov- ably articulated, usually simple, rarely with small dorsal tooth, not or only slightly extended beyond pygofer apex, curved downward; ven- tral appendages absent. Sternite IX with median longitudinal internal ridge. Subgenital plates free, their lateral margin with angulate subbasal projection; section basad of medial constriction shorter than distal section; lateral margin with 3 basal macrosetae uniseriate along margin; with distinct marginal rigid setae forming continuous row; without distal macrosetae. Style free, with prominent preapical lobe, apex with 3 points. Aedeagus articulated to connective; dorsal apo- deme broadly expanded in lateral view, usually connected to pygofer appendages and anal tube with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium usually well developed; shaft symmetrical, with or without ventral and/or distal processes. Connective U- or V-shaped, without median anterior lobe. Anal tube without processes. Coloration variable, but all known species with crown lacking pair of fuscous preapical spots, and forewing without fuscous spot at base of inner apical cell. Usual color pattern consist- ing of pale or dull yellow dorsum with oblique orange or red vittae on vertex, thoracic nota, forewing clavus, and along Cu vein of corium. Distribution: Temperate North America. Host plants: Deciduous trees, shrubs. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 219 Key to Adult Males of Erythridula1 1. Aedeagus with ventral processes present and longer than width of aedeagal shaft in ventral view, arising at base or middle of shaft (rarely with short basal processes) (Fig. 5d, 14d, 47d, 55d) ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1’. Aedeagus without ventral processes, or with ventral processes not longer than width of aedea- gal shaft in ventral view, or, if processes long, arising at apex of shaft (Fig. 94d, 115d, 116d). ............................................................................................................................... 77 2(1). Aedeagus with two pairs of ventral processes arising basally (Fig. 3d, 5d). ........................... 3 2’. Aedeagus with one pair of ventral processes (Fig. 14d). .......................................................... 12 3(2). Aedeagus with long distal processes (Fig. 1d). ................................. 1. E. lawsoniana (Baker) 3’. Aedeagus with distal processes absent or small and toothlike (Fig. 4d, 8d). ............................. 4 4(3). Third point of style apex about half as long as distance between other two points (Fig. 1b). ..5 4’. Third point of style apex much shorter than half distance between other two points (Fig. 7b). ..9 5(4). Shorter pair of ventral processes of aedeagus depressed, triangular (Fig. 2c, 2d, 3c, 3d). ...... 6 5’. Both pairs of ventral processes of aedeagus slender (Fig. 5c, 5d). ............................................. 7 6(5). Angle between basal and third points of style less than 90°; third point of style expanded at apex (Fig. 2b). Often with brownish color pattern (Fig. 2a). ............ 2. E. electa (McAtee) 6’. Angle between basal and third points of style about 90°; third point of style tapered toward apex (Fig. 3b). Coloration usual for genus, with reddish oblique vittae (Fig. 3a). ............... ....................................................................................................... 3. E. sagittata (Beamer) 7(5). Larger (2.9–3.1 mm). Abdomen pale dorsally. .............................. 4. E. complicata (Johnson) 7’. Smaller (2.6–2.9 mm). Abdomen dark dorsally (Fig. 10a). ........................................................ 8 8(7). Aedeagus with longer ventral processes divergent at base (Fig. 5d). Anterior part of body and wing apices darkened (Fig. 5a). ..................................................... 5. E. bitincta (McAtee) 8’. Aedeagus with longer ventral processes appressed to each other at base (Fig. 6d). Anterior part of body and wing apices not darkened (Fig. 6a). ......................... 6. E. crataegi (Johnson) 9(4). Aedeagus compressed, with dorsal carina (Fig. 7c, 7d). Style humped between basal and third points (Fig. 7b). ................................................................... 7. E. intricata (Johnson) 9’. Aedeagus round in crossection, without dorsal carina (Fig. 8c, 8d, 9c, 9d). Style not humped between basal and third points (Fig. 9b). ........................................................................ 10 10(9). Shorter aedeagal ventral processes only slightly longer than wide; longer aedeagal ventral processes slender, smooth (Fig. 8c, 8d). Second point of style apex about twice as long as third (Fig. 8b). Abdomen pale dorsally. ........................................... 8. E. canadensis sp.n. 10’. Shorter aedeagal ventral processes at least twice as long as wide; longer aedeagal ventral processes expanded and denticulate distally (Fig. 9c, 9d). Second point of style apex- shorter than third or only slightly longer than third (Fig. 9b, 10b). Abdomen dark dorsally (Fig.10a). ........................................................................................................................ 11 1An interactive key for species of Erythridula is available from the Web site: http://ctap.inhs.uiuc.edu/dmit- riev/ Vol. 38 Art.6220 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 11(10). Second point of style apex longer than third (Fig. 9b). Larger (3.1–3.3 mm). ...................... ....................................................................................... 9. E. occidua (Beamer & Griffith) 11’. Second point of style apex shorter than third (Fig. 10b). Smaller (2.9–3 mm). .......................... ....................................................................................... 10. E. dolosa (Beamer & Griffith) 12(2). Ventral processes of aedeagus originate at middle of shaft (Fig. 14c, 14d). ....................... 13 12’. Ventral processes of aedeagus originate at base of shaft (Fig. 31c, 31d). .............................. 30 13(12). Third point of style not longer than half distance between other two points (Fig. 1b). .... 14 13’. Third point of style longer than half distance between other two points (Fig. 18b). .............. 20 14(13). Ventral processes of aedeagus strongly divergent (Fig. 11d, 12d). Style with broad third point (Fig. 11b, 12b). ....................................................................................................... 15 14’. Ventral processes of aedeagus parallel to each other or only slightly divergent (Fig. 13d). Style with slender third point (Figs. 13b, 14b). ........................................................................ 16 15(14). Aedeagus round in crossection, without distal processes; ventral processes short (Fig. 11c, 11d). ............................................................................................... 11. E. anomala (Knull) 15’. Aedeagus compressed, with distal processes small toothlike; ventral processes long, slender (Fig. 12c, 12d). ......................................................................... 12. E. mansueta (Beamer) 16(14). Second point of style long, slender, longer than third point (Fig. 13b). ................................. ................................................................................................... 13. E. celebrata (Johnson) 16’. Second point of style short, shorter than third point (Fig. 14b). ............................................. 17 17(16). Aedeagus without compressed dorsal distal lobe; dorsal margin of shaft straight in lateral view (Fig. 14c). Abdomen dark dorsally. .............................. 14. E. brundusa (Robinson) 17’. Aedeagus with compressed dorsal distal lobe; dorsal margin of shaft curved in lateral view (Fig. 15c). Abdomen pale dorsally. .................................................................................. 18 18(17). Aedeagus with compressed dorsal distal lobe almost reaching bases of ventral processes in lateral view (Fig. 15c); aedeagal apex rounded in ventral view (Fig. 15d). ......................... .......................................................................................................... 15. E. whitti (Hepner) 18’. Aedeagus with compressed dorsal distal lobe distant from bases of ventral processes in lateral view (Fig. 16c); aedeagal apex pointed in ventral view (Fig. 16d). ................................ 19 19(18). Second point of style well developed (Fig. 16b). Ventral processes of aedeagus straight, evenly divergent (Fig. 16d). ................................................. 16. E. rubrotincta (Johnson) 19’. Second point of style very short (Fig. 17b). Ventral processes of aedeagus parallel to each other through most of length, divergent at apex (Fig. 17d). ......... 17. E. tridens (Beamer) 20(13). Color pattern brown to black; vertex midline and commissural margin of forewing dark brown to black (Fig. 18a, 19a). ........................................................................................ 21 20’. Color pattern orange to red (sometimes with brown patches); vertex midline and commissural margin of forewing pale (Fig. 20a, 23a). ......................................................................... 22 21(20). Apex of aedeagus rounded in lateral view (Fig. 18c). Mesonotum pale, with dark lateral triangles and apex (Fig. 18a). ........................................ 18. E. juglandis (Knull & Auten) 21’. Apex of aedeagus pointed in lateral view (Fig. 19c). Mesonotum entirely dark (Fig. 19a). ....... ......................................................................................................... 19. E. divisa (McAtee) Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 221 22(20). Ventral processes of aedeagus strongly divergent at base, forming almost right angle with shaft (Fig. 20d, 21d). ....................................................................................................... 23 22’. Ventral processes of aedeagus parallel to each other or only slightly divergent basally (Fig. 23d). ................................................................................................................................. 25 23(22). Aedeagus without compressed dorsal distal lobe; ventral processes straight (Fig. 20c, 20d). .......................................................................................................... 20. E. lloydi (Hepner) 23’. Aedeagus with compressed dorsal distal lobe; ventral processes curved (Fig. 21c, 21d, 22c, 22d). ................................................................................................................................. 24 24(23). Aedeagus with small distal processes; ventral processes longer, curved distad in lateral view (Fig. 21c, 21d). Smaller (2.7–2.8 mm). ............................... 21. E. morrisi (Hepner) 24’. Aedeagus without distal processes; ventral processes shorter, straight in lateral view (Fig. 22c, 22d). Larger (2.9–3.1 mm). .................................................. 22. E. cruciformis (Beamer) 25(22). Third point of style distinctly longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 23b). Mesonotum dark brown (Fig. 23a). ......................................... 23. E. pfrimmeri (Hepner) 25’. Third point of style not longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 24b). Mesonotum pale (Fig. 24a). ................................................................................................................. 26 26(25). Ventral processes of aedeagus depressed at base (Fig. 24d). Abdomen dark dorsally (Fig. 24a). ............................................................................................ 24. E. autenae (Johnson) 26’. Ventral processes of aedeagus round at base (Fig. 25d). Abdomen pale dorsally. ................. 27 27(26). Ventral processes of aedeagus evenly divergent, extended to apex of shaft (Fig. 25d). ........ ....................................................................................................... 25. E. martini (Hepner) 27’. Ventral processes of aedeagus parallel at base, divergent only at apex, not extended beyond gonopore base (Fig. 26d, 28d). ........................................................................................ 28 28(27). Ventral processes of aedeagus originating in basal half of aedeagal shaft, not extended to gonopore (Fig. 26c, 26d). ............................................................... 26. E. tolerata (Knull) 28’. Ventral processes of aedeagus originating at middle of aedeagal shaft, extended to gonopore (Fig. 28c, 28d). ................................................................................................................ 29 29(28). Aedeagus with lateral lobes at base of shaft (Fig. 27d). Third point of style curved (Fig. 27b). ................................................................................................. 27. E. dunni (Hepner) 29’. Aedeagus without lateral lobes at base (Fig. 28d). Third point of style straight (Fig. 28b). ....... ..................................................................................................... 28. E. parsonsi (Hepner) 30(12). Aedeagus with unpaired long ventral distal process (Fig. 29c). ..... 29. E. afflicta (Beamer) 30’. Aedeagus without unpaired ventral distal process (Fig. 30c). ................................................ 31 31(30). Ventral processes of aedeagus evenly divergent from base (Fig. 30d, 31d). .................... 32 31’. Ventral processes of aedeagus parallel at base, parallel or divergent at apex (Fig. 36d, 37d). .... .......................................................................................................................................... 37 32(31). Third point of style apex longer than half distance between other two points (Fig. 30b, 31b). ................................................................................................................................. 33 32’. Third point of style apex shorter than half distance between other two points (Fig. 34b, 35b). . .......................................................................................................................................... 36 33(32). Ventral processes of aedeagus originating on preatrium (Fig. 30c). Mesonotum usually dark brown (Fig. 30a1). .................................................................... 30. E. noeva (Gillette) 33’. Ventral processes of aedeagus originating at base of shaft (Fig. 31c). Mesonotum not brown (Fig. 31a). ........................................................................................................................ 34 Vol. 38 Art.6222 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 34(33). Second point of style long (Fig. 31b). Aedeagus round in crossection, smooth (Fig. 31c, 31d). ................................................................................... 31. E. nondescripta (Johnson) 34’. Second point of style short (Fig. 32b, 33b). Aedeagus compressed, usually with small teeth ventrally (Fig. 32c, 32d, 33c, 33d). ................................................................................. 35 35(34). Aedeagal shaft strongly curved dorsad, with ventral hump; ventral processes about half as thick at base as shaft in lateral view (Fig. 32c). ........................... 32. E. infinita (Beamer) 35’. Aedeagal shaft only slightly curved dorsad, without ventral hump; ventral processes thin at base, distinctly thinner than half shaft width in lateral view (Fig. 33c). .............................. ....................................................................................... 33. E. spearca (Johnson & Auten) 36(32). Aedeagus with compressed dorsal distal lobe, without distal processes (Fig. 34c, 34d). Pronotum and mesonotum red; forewing with red crossband at middle (Fig. 34a). ............ ..................................................................................... 34. E. aesculella (Ross & DeLong) 36’. Aedeagus without compressed dorsal distal lobe, with short distal processes (Fig. 35c, 35d). Coloration usual for genus, with reddish oblique vittae (Fig. 35a). ..................................... ..........................................................................................................35. E. perita (Beamer) 37(31). Ventral processes of aedeagus each with large tooth at middle (Fig. 36c, 37d). ............... 38 37’. Ventral processes of aedeagus without large teeth at middle (Fig. 38c, 38d). ........................ 39 38(37). Ventral processes of aedeagus with teeth directed dorsad; distal processes present (Fig. 36c, 36d). Abdomen pale dorsally. ................................ 36. E. haspata (Ross & DeLong) 38’. Ventral processes of aedeagus with teeth directed laterad; distal processes absent (Fig. 37c, 37d). Abdomen dark dorsally. ........................................ 37. E. wysongi (Ross & DeLong) 39(37). Second point of style apex well developed, elongate (Fig. 39b, 43b). .............................. 40 39’. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike (Fig. 53b). .................................................. 54 40(39). Second point of style apex distinctly longer than third (Fig. 39b). ................................... 41 40’. Second point of style apex not longer or only slightly longer than third (Fig. 43b, 51b). ..... 44 41(40). Aedeagus with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; without distal processes; ventral pro- cesses smooth (Fig. 38c, 38d). Angle between basal and third point of style apex less than 90° (Fig. 38b). .................................................................................................................. 42 41’. Aedeagus without dorsal distal lobe; with small toothlike distal processes; ventral processes usually with small teeth or knobs (Fig. 40c, 40d, 41c, 41d). Angle between basal and third point of style apex about 90° (Fig. 40b). ..........................................................................43 42(41). Ventral processes of aedeagus almost reaching apex of shaft, curved dorsad in lateral view; aedeagal apex rounded in ventral view (Fig. 38c, 38d). .................. 38. E. torva (Beamer) 42’. Ventral processes of aedeagus extended to gonopore only; straight or curved ventrad; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view (Fig. 39c, 39d). .......................... 39. E. rubens (Beamer) 43(41). Ventral processes of aedeagus depressed, with small irregularly placed knobs (Fig. 40c, 40d). ............................................................................................... 40. E. praecisa (Knull) 43’. Ventral processes of aedeagus not depressed, with small teeth on ventral surface at middle (Fig. 41c, 41d). ............................................................. 41. E. aspera (Beamer & Griffith) 44(40). Third point of style about twice as long as second (Fig. 43b). .......................................... 45 44’. Third point of style about as long as second (Fig. 51b). ......................................................... 49 45(44). Aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; without distal processes (Fig. 42d). .................... ........................................................................................................ 42. E. dowelli (Beamer) 45’. Aedeagal apex round or truncate in ventral view; often with small toothlike distal processes. .. (Fig. 43d, 44d). ................................................................................................................. 46 Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 223 46(45). Aedeagus without dorsal carina; gonoduct well separated from dorsal margin throughout length of shaft; dorsal margin straight (Fig. 43c). ..................... 43. E. furcillata (Beamer) 46’. Aedeagus with compressed dorsal lobe distally; gonoduct near dorsal margin at base of shaft; dorsal margin sinuate (Fig. 44c). ..................................................................................... 47 47(46). Angle between basal and third points of style less than 90° (Fig. 44b). ................................ .......................................................................................................... 44. E. plena (Beamer) 47’. Angle between basal and third points of style more than 90° (Fig. 45b, 46b). ...................... 48 48(47). Ventral processes of aedeagus evenly narrowing toward their apex, smooth (Fig. 45c, 45d). Smaller (2.4–2.5 mm). ...................................................................... 45. E. crossi (Hepner) 48’. Ventral processes of aedeagus expanded and denticulate subapically (Fig. 46c, 46d). Larger (2.6–3 mm). .................................................................................. 46. E. funesta (Beamer) 49(44). Ventral processes of aedeagus terminating at or near shaft apex; apex rounded or truncate in ventral view (Fig. 47d, 48d). Abdomen dark dorsally. ................................................ 50 49’. Ventral processes of aedeagus terminating well short of shaft apex; apex pointed in ventral view (Fig. 49d, 50d). Abdomen pale dorsally. ................................................................. 51 50(49). Ventral processes of aedeagus divergent at apex, straight in lateral view, smooth (Fig. 47c, 47d). Larger (3–3.3 mm). ............................................... 47. E. rubrataeniensis (Beamer) 50’. Ventral processes of aedeagus straight in ventral view, curved dorsad in lateral view, denticu- late (Fig. 48c, 48d). Smaller (2.7–3 mm). .................................... 48. E. repleta (Johnson) 51(49). Aedeagal shaft round in crossection (Fig. 49c, 49d). Smaller (2.4–2.6 mm). ......................... ...................................................................................................... 49. E. minima (Johnson) 51’. Aedeagal shaft compressed (Figs. 50c, 50d). Larger (2.7–3.4 mm). ...................................... 52 52(51). Aedeagus without basal lobes on dorsal margin (Fig 50c). Larger (3.1–3.4 mm). Pronotum and mesonotum red; forewing with red crossband at middle (Fig. 50a). ............................. ................................................................................................. 50. E. rubroscuta (Gillette) 52’. Aedeagus usually with basal lobes on dorsal margin (Fig. 51c, 52c). Smaller (2.7–3.1 mm). Coloration usual for genus, with reddish oblique vittae (Fig. 51a). ................................ 53 53(52). Second point of style apex forming slight but distinct angle with adjacent part of style anterolateral margin (Fig. 51b). Red stripe on clavus not continuing beyond clavus along commissural margin of forewing (Fig. 51a). .................................. 51. E. nitida (Beamer) 53’. Second point of style apex forming continuous curve with adjacent part of style anterolateral margin (Fig. 52b). Red stripe on clavus continuing beyond clavus along commissural margin of forewing (Fig. 52a). ................................................. 52. E. acicularis (Beamer) 54(39). Aedeagus without dorsal carina or compressed distal lobe; apex truncate in ventral view (Fig. 53c, 53d). ...................................................................... 53. E. penobliqua (Beamer) 54’. Aedeagus with dorsal carina or compressed distal lobe; apex acuminate in ventral view (Fig. 54c, 54d, 57c, 57d). ................................................................................................ 55 55(54). Ventral processes of aedeagus very short, not longer than 1/4 length of shaft (Fig. 54c, 55c). ................................................................................................................................. 56 55’. Ventral processes of aedeagus as long as or longer than 1/2 length of shaft (Fig. 56c, 58c). ..... .......................................................................................................................................... 57 Vol. 38 Art.6224 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 56(55). Aedeagal shaft slender in lateral view, about 10 times longer than wide, evenly curved dorsad (Fig. 54c). With broad brown stripe along entire dorsum (Fig. 54a). ....................... ....................................................................................................... 54. E. stolata (McAtee) 56’. Aedeagal shaft broad in lateral view, about 3 times longer than wide, straight (Fig. 55c). With- out broad brown stripe along entire dorsum (Fig. 55a). ............... 55. E. ohioensis (Knull) 57(55). Third point of style apex shorter than 1/3 distance between other two points (Fig. 58b). ..... .......................................................................................................................................... 58 57’. Third point of style apex longer than 1/3 distance between other two points (Fig. 70b, 71b). ... .......................................................................................................................................... 60 58(57). Ventral processes of aedeagus divergent at apex (Fig. 56d). Thoracic venter dark; abdomen dark dorsally (Fig. 56a). ............................................................... 56. E. fumida (Gillette) 58’. Ventral processes of aedeagus parallel or convergent distally (Fig. 57d, 58d). Thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. ........................................................................................... 59 59(58). Aedeagus with small distal processes; ventral processes parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus (Fig. 57d). ............................................................. 57. E. jonesi (Hepner) 59’. Aedeagus without distal processes; ventral processes divergent at base and convergent at apex (Fig. 58d). ............................................................................... 58. E. magnacalx (Beamer) 60(57). Third point of style apex noticeably longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 59b, 60b). ......................................................................................................................... 61 60’. Third point of style apex not longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 66b, 67b). ... .......................................................................................................................................... 67 61(60). Ventral processes of aedeagus originating on preatrium (Fig. 59c). Third point of style apex straight (Fig. 59b). Mesonotum usually dark brown (Fig. 59a1). ................................. ................................................................................................. 59. E. penenoeva (Beamer) 61’. Ventral processes of aedeagus originating at base of shaft (Fig. 62c). Third point of style apex curved (Fig. 62b). Mesonotum not dark brown (Fig. 60a, 62a). ..................................... 62 62(61). Aedeagus with long compressed dorsal distal lobe, about twice as long as broad in lateral view (Fig. 60c). ............................................................................. 60. E. lucileae (Hepner) 62’. Aedeagus with short compressed dorsal distal lobe, not longer than broad in lateral view ......... (Fig. 62c). ........................................................................................................................ 63 63(62). Ventral processes of aedeagus about half as long as shaft, not extended to gonopore (Fig. 61c, 61d). ........................................................................................... 61. E. planerae sp.n. 63’. Ventral processes of aedeagus more than half as long as shaft, usually extended to gonopore (Fig. 62c, 62d). ................................................................................................................ 64 64(63). Aedeagal shaft slightly curved dorsad, compressed (Fig. 62c). Forewings red with pale apices (Fig. 62a). ....................................................................... 62. E. amabilis (McAtee) 64’. Aedeagal shaft straight in lateral view, round in crossection (Fig. 63c). Coloration usual for genus, with reddish oblique vittae (Fig. 63a). ................................................................. 65 65(64). Smaller (2.6–2.8 mm). Ground color pale yellow; abdomen pale dorsally (Fig. 63a). ......... ....................................................................................................... 63. E. stylata (Johnson) 65’. Larger (2.8–3 mm). Ground color dull yellow; abdomen dark dorsally (Fig. 64a, 65a). ....... 66 66(65). Ventral processes of aedeagus parallel to each other, appressed to sides of shaft, straight in lateral view (Fig. 64c, 64d). ............................................ 64. E. ulmosa (Ross & DeLong) 66’. Ventral processes of aedeagus touching each other ventrad of shaft, divergent at apex, curved dorsad in lateral view (Fig. 65c, 65d). .......................................... 65. E. harpax (Beamer) Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 225 67(60). Ventral processes of aedeagus originating on preatrium, well separated from shaft basally (Fig. 66c). ........................................................................................................................ 68 67’. Ventral processes of aedeagus originating at base of shaft (Fig. 69c). ................................... 69 68(67). Shaft of aedeagus straight, with small comperssed dorsal distal lobe; ventral processes only slightly curved dorsad (Fig. 66c). Smaller (2.7–2.9 mm). Abdomen dark dorsally. .... ..................................................................................... 66. E. ulmalatae (Ross & DeLong) 68’. Shaft of aedeagus curved dorsad, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; ventral processes strongly curved dorsad (Fig. 67c). Large (3–3.3 mm). Abdomen pale dorsally. .................. ................................................................................................... 67. E. angularis (Beamer) 69(67). Preatrium almost as long as aedeagal shaft; shaft sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 68c). ............ ...................................................................................................... 68. E. sincera (Johnson) 69’. Preatrium much shorter than aedeagal shaft; shaft straight or curved dorsad in lateral view (Fig. 69c). ........................................................................................................................ 70 70(69). Ventral processes of aedeagus abruptly curved laterad at middle (Fig. 69d); aedeagal shaft distinctly narrowing toward apex in lateral view (Fig. 69c). ...................................................................................................... 69. E. hamata (Beamer) 70’. Ventral process not abruptly curved at middle (Fig. 70d); aedeagal shaft not or only slightly narrowing toward apex in lateral view Fig. 70c). ............................................................ 71 71(70). Ventral processes of aedeagus almost as long as shaft; compressed dorsal distal lobe broad- er than long in lateral view (Fig. 70c). .................................. 70. E. unicuspidis (Beamer) 71’. Ventral processes of aedeagus distinctly shorter than shaft; compressed dorsal distal lobe as long as broad or longer in lateral view (Fig. 71c, 72c). ................................................... 72 72(71). Ventral processes of aedeagus shorter than half length of shaft; shaft straight in lateral view (Fig. 71c). ................................................................................... 71. E. obliqua (Say) 72’. Ventral processes of aedeagus longer than half length of shaft; shaft curved dorsad (Fig. 72c). ...........................................................................................................................................73 73(72). Shaft of aedeagus with dorsolateral lobes basally (Fig. 72c, 72d). ........................................ .......................................................................................................... 72. E. varia (McAtee) 73’. Shaft of aedeagus without dorsolateral lobes basally (Fig. 73c, 73d, 74c, 74d). ................... 74 74(73). Ventral processes of aedeagus parallel to each other on ventral side of shaft (Fig. 73c, 73d). Third point of style apex straight (Fig. 73b). .......... 73. E. fulvocephala (Robinson) 74’. Ventral processes of aedeagus slightly divergent at base or at apex (Fig. 74c, 74d, 75c, 75d). Third point of style apex curved (Fig. 75b). .................................................................... 75 75(74). Ventral processes of aedeagus slightly divergent basally, thence parallel to each other on sides of shaft (Fig. 74d). ............................................................. 74. E. bicornis (Beamer) 75’. Ventral processes of aedeagus parallel to each other basally, divergent only at apex (Fig. 75d). ..........................................................................................................................................76 76(75). Third point of style apex as long as or longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 75b). Aedeagal shaft smooth (Fig. 75c). Abdomen dark dorsally (Fig. 75a). ...................... ...........................................................................................................75. E. obvia (Beamer) 76’. Third point of style apex shorter than distance between other two points (Fig. 76b). Aedeagal shaft denticulate ventrally (Fig. 76c). Abdomen pale dorsally (Fig. 76a). ........................... ....................................................................................................... 76. E. minuta (Johnson) Vol. 38 Art.6226 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 77(1). Aedeagus with long distal processes (longer than wide or longer than width of shaft in ven- tral view); apex of aedeagus not produced beyond bases of processes; ventral processes absent (Fig. 77d, 78d). ..................................................................................................... 78 77’. Aedeagus without distal processes or with small toothlike distal processes (shorter than width of shaft); ventral processes, if present, originating close to apex of shaft and apex of shaft extended beyond bases of processes (Fig. 89d, 133d, 134d). .......................................... 89 78(77). Second point of style apex significantly longer than third (Fig. 77b). .............................. 79 78’. Second point of style apex not longer than third (Fig. 81b). .................................................. 81 79(78). Aedeagus broad in lateral view, compressed (Fig. 77c, 77d). .................. 77. E. wyatti sp.n. 79’. Aedeagus slender in lateral view, not compressed (Fig. 79c, 79d). ........................................ 80 80(79). Second point of style distinctly longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 78b). Aedeagal shaft depressed (Fig. 78c, 78d). Smaller (3–3.3 mm). Vertex, notum, and fore- wings mostly reddish brown (Fig. 78a). .................................... 78. E. lemnisca (McAtee) 80’. Second point of style about as long as distance between other two points (Fig. 79b). Aedeagus round in crossection (Fig. 79c, 79d). Larger (3.4–3.7 mm). Coloration usual for genus, with reddish oblique vittae (Fig. 79a). ........................................... 79. E. idonea (Beamer) 81(78). Aedeagus with small compressed dorsal distal lobe (Fig. 80c); distal processes diamond shaped in ventral view (Fig. 80d). ................................................ 80. E. beckiae (Hepner) 81’. Aedeagus without dorsal distal lobe (Fig. 81c, 82c); distal processes not diamond shaped in ventral view (Fig. 81d, 82d). ........................................................................................... 82 82(81). Aedeagal shaft depressed, broadened basally in ventral view (Fig. 81d, 82d). ................ 83 82’. Aedeagal shaft not depressed, not broadened basally in ventral view (Fig. 83d, 84d). .......... 84 83(82). Aedeagus with preatrium much shorter than shaft (Fig. 81c). Third point of style apex about half as long as distance between other two points (Fig. 81b). Forewings mostly red- dish brown with pale apices (Fig. 81a). ................................. 81. E. crevecoeuri (Gillette) 83’. Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft (Fig. 82c). Third point of style apex about 1/4 as long as distance between other two points (Fig. 82b). Coloration usual for genus, with reddish oblique vittae (Fig. 82a). ......................................... 82. E. malleiformis (Beamer) 84(82). Third point of style apex longer than half distance between other two points (Fig. 83b). ..... .......................................................................................................................................... 85 84’. Third point of style apex shorter than half distance between other two points (Fig. 86b). .... 86 85(84). Distal processes of aedeagus directed dorsad, scarcely visible in ventral view (Fig. 83c, 83d). ......................................................................................... 83. E. meridiana (Hepner) 85’. Distal processes of aedeagus directed laterad, well visible in ventral view (Fig. 84c, 84d). ...... .......................................................................................... 84. E. zephyr (Ross & DeLong) 86(84). Distal processes of aedeagus slender, parallel to each other at least basally (Fig. 85d, 86d). Abdomen dark dorsally. ................................................................................................... 87 86’. Distal processes of aedeagus divergent basally (Fig. 87d, 88d). Abdomen pale dorsally. ..... 88 87(86). Aedeagus gradually narrowing toward apex in lateral view (Fig. 85c); distal processes in ventral view divergent at apex (Fig. 85d). Ground color of dorsum brownish (Fig. 85a). .. ................................................................................................................ 85. E. ilicis (Ross) 87’. Aedeagus of almost equal width throughout its length in lateral view (Fig. 86c); distal pro- cesses in ventral view parallel to each other throughout length (Fig. 86d). Ground color of dorsum pale yellow (Fig. 86a). ............................................ 86. E. parvispicata (Beamer) Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 227 88(86). Distal processes of aedeagus with two sharp points (Fig. 87d). ............................................ ...................................................................................... 87. E. insigna (Beamer & Griffith) 88’. Distal processes of aedeagus with rounded apices (Fig. 88d). .......... 88. E. cornipes (Beamer) 89(77). Ventral processes of aedeagus slender, longer than wide (Fig. 90c, 90d, 91c, 91d). ........ 90 89’. Ventral processes of aedeagus not longer than wide, usually toothlike, or absent (Fig. 122c, 122d, 123c, 123d). ......................................................................................................... 109 90(89). Ventral processes of aedeagus perpendicular to shaft, expanded at apex (Fig. 89d, 90d). .... .......................................................................................................................................... 91 90’. Ventral processes of aedeagus directed distad, tapered toward apex (Fig. 92d). .................... 92 91(90). Third point of style apex slender, longer than half distance between other two points (Fig. 89b). Abdomen dark dorsally. ........................................................ 89. E. falcata (Beamer) 91’. Third point of style apex broad, shorter than half distance between other two points (Fig. 90b). Abdomen pale dorsally. ...................................................... 90. E. herberti (Hepner) 92(90). Third point of style apex elongate, about as long as or longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 91b). ...................................................................................................... 93 92’. Third point of style not longer than half distance between other two points (Fig. 101b). ... 100 93(92). Aedeagus with long compressed dorsal distal lobe, at least as long as wide in lateral view (Fig. 91c). .........................................................................................................................94 93’. Aedeagus with short compressed dorsal distal lobe, wider than long in lateral view, or with dorsal carina (Fig. 95c, 96c). ........................................................................................... 97 94(93). Angle between basal and third points of style apex about 45° (Fig. 91b). ............................. ........................................................................................ 91. E. acutalis (Ross & DeLong) 94’. Angle between basal and third points of style apex almost 90° (Fig. 92b). ........................... 95 95(94). Third point of style apex significantly longer than distance between other two points, straight (Fig. 92b). Notum brownish (Fig. 92a). ...................... 92. E. cotidiana (Beamer) 95’. Third point of style apex not longer than distance between other two points, curved (Fig. 93b). Notum pale with reddish oblique vittae (Fig. 93a). ......................................................... 96 96(95). Aedeagus with dorsal lobes basally (Fig. 93c). Abdomen dark dorsally. ............................... ...................................................................................................... 93. E. tenebrosa (Knull) 96’. Aedeagus without dorsal lobes basally (Fig. 94c). Abdomen pale dorsally. ............................... .................................................................................................. 94. E. tenuispica (Beamer) 97(93). Aedeagus compressed, broad in lateral view (Fig. 95c, 95d). ................................................ ........................................................................................ 95. E. rugosae (Ross & DeLong) 97’. Aedeagus round in crossection, slender in lateral view (Fig. 96c, 96d). ................................ 98 98(97). Angle between basal and third points of style apex about 45° (Fig. 96b). Ground color of dorsum brownish (Fig. 96a). ....................................................... 96. E. kanza (Robinson) 98’. Angle between basal and third points of style apex almost 90° (Fig. 97b). Ground color of dorsum pale yellow (Fig. 97a). ........................................................................................ 99 99(98). Ventral processes of aedeagus not extended to apex of shaft (Fig. 97d). Third point of style apex longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 97b). Abdomen pale dorsally. ... ................................................................................................... 97. E. spatulata (Beamer) 99’. Ventral processes of aedeagus extended to apex of shaft (Fig. 98d). Third point of style apex shorter than distance between other two points (Fig. 98b). Abdomen dark dorsally. .......... .......................................................................................... 98. E. frisoni (Ross & DeLong) Vol. 38 Art.6228 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 100(92). Second point of style apex distinctly longer than third (Fig. 99b, 100b). ..................... 101 100’. Second point of style apex not longer than third (Fig. 101b, 105b). .................................. 102 101(100). Aedeagus with compressed dorsal distal lobe as long as wide in lateral view (Fig. 99c). Third point of style apex 3 times shorter than second (Fig. 99b). Larger (2.8–3.1 mm). .... ......................................................................................................... 99. E. sinua (Johnson) 101’. Aedeagus with dorsal compressed distal lobe wider than long in lateral view (Fig. 100c). Third point of style 1.5 times shorter than second (Fig. 100b). Smaller (2.6–2.7 mm). ...... .................................................................................................. 100. E. normanti (Hepner) 102(100). Aedeagus with long compressed dorsal distal lobe (Fig. 101c). ......................................... ................................................................................................101. E. nigriphylla (Hepner) 102’. Aedeagus without compressed dorsal distal lobe (Fig. 102c, 105c). .................................. 103 103(102). Shaft of aedeagus compressed, with ventral hump; apex pointed in ventral view (Fig. 102c, 102d, 103c, 103d). ............................................................................................... 104 103’. Shaft of aedeagus rounded in crossection or depressed, without ventral hump (Fig. 105c, 105d). ............................................................................................................................. 106 104(103). Larger (more than 3 mm). Clavus with bright red marking contrasting with paler color of corium (Fig. 103a, 104a). .......................................................................................... 105 104’. Smaller (less than 3 mm). Color pattern of clavus not contrasting with that of corium (Fig. 102a). .......................................................................... 102. E. rhododendronae (Hepner) 105(104). Second point of style apex about as long as third (Fig. 103b). Ventral processes of ae- deagus not extended beyond apex of shaft (Fig. 103d). Forewing with apex of clavus red (Fig. 103a). .................................................................. 103. E. verdana (Ross & DeLong) 105’. Second point of style very short (Fig. 104b). Ventral processes of aedeagus extended beyond apex of shaft (Fig. 104d). Red markings of forewings together forming V-shaped pattern (Fig. 104a). ................................................................................ 104. E. victorialis (Knull) 106(103). Second point of style apex well developed, longer than wide; angle between basal and third points 90° or more (Fig. 105b, 106b). Aedeagal shaft straight in lateral view (Fig. 105c, 106c). Abdomen dark dorsally. ............................................................................ 107 106’. Second point of style apex very short; angle between basal and third points less than 90° (Fig. 107b, 108b). Aedeagal shaft curved dorsad (Fig. 107c, 108c). Abdomen pale dor- sally. ............................................................................................................................... 108 107(106). Second point of style apex about as long as third (Fig. 105b). Aedeagal shaft with pointed apex in ventral view (Fig. 105d). ..................................... 105. E. aenea (Beamer) 107’. Second point of style apex about half as long as third (Fig. 106b). Aedeagal shaft with round- ed apex in ventral view (Fig. 106d). ............................................. 106. E. diffisa (Beamer) 108(106). Aedeagal shaft round in crossection, evenly curved in lateral view, with small com- pressed dorsal distal lobe (Fig. 107c). ............................... 107. E. inconspicua (Johnson) 108’. Aedeagal shaft depressed, curved basally, thence straight in lateral view, without dorsal distal lobe (Fig. 108c). ........................................................................... 108. E. jocosa (Beamer) 109(89). Third point of style apex longer than half distance between other two points (Fig. 109b). ........................................................................................................................................ 110 109’. Third point of style apex not longer than half distance between other two points (Fig. 125b). .........................................................................................................................................127 Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 229 110(109). Aedeagus with compressed dorsal distal lobe; apex usually acuminate in ventral view; usually without distal processes (Fig. 111c, 111d). ....................................................... 111 110’. Aedeagus without dorsal distal lobe; apex usually truncate in ventral view; with small distal processes (Fig. 119c, 119d). .......................................................................................... 119 111(110). Aedeagal shaft very long and slender, about 10 times as long as wide (Fig. 54c, 54d). With broad brown stripe along entire dorsum (Fig. 54a). ............ 54. E. stolata (McAtee) 111’. Aedeagal shaft shorter, not more than 5 times as long as wide (Fig. 111c, 111d). Coloration usual for genus, with reddish oblique vittae (Fig. 111a). .............................................. 112 112(111). Third point of style apex as long as or longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 109b). ..................................................................................................................... 113 112’. Third point of style apex shorter than distance between other two points (Fig. 114b). ...... 117 113(112). Aedeagus with preatrium about as long as shaft; angle between preatrium and shaft less than 90° (Fig. 109c). Abdomen dark dorsally. ........................... 109. E. cuneata (Beamer) 113’. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft; angle between preatrium and shaft more than 90° (Fig. 110c). Abdomen pale dorsally. ....................................................................... 114 114(113). Aedeagus with pair of small toothlike processes at base of shaft (Fig. 110c, 110d). ......... ....................................................................................... 110. E. scytha (Auten & Johnson) 114’. Aedeagus without ventral processes or with pair of ventral processes arising at middle of shaft (Fig. 111c, 111d, 113c, 113d). ............................................................................... 115 115(114). Aedeagus round in crossection, curved dorsad (Fig. 111c). Third point of style apex recurved at tip (Fig. 111b). ..................................................... 111. E. albescens (Beamer) 115’. Aedeagus compressed, straight (Fig. 112c, 113c). Third point of style apex not recurved at tip (Fig. 112b, 113b). ..................................................................................................... 116 116(115). Third point of style apex straight (Fig. 112b). Aedeagal shaft with ventral hump (Fig. 112c). ............................................................................................... 112. E. ampla (Knull) 116’. Third point of style apex curved (Fig. 113b). Aedeagal shaft without ventral hump (Fig. 113c). ................................................................................................. 113. E. freta (Knull) 117(112). Aedeagus with very short compressed dorsal distal lobe; shaft with ventral hump, curved basally, thence straight in lateral view (Fig. 114c). ...................... 114. E. lasteri (Hepner) 117’. Aedeagus with long compressed dorsal distal lobe, at least as long as wide in lateral view; shaft without ventral hump, evenly curved in lateral view (Fig. 115c, 116c). .............. 118 118(117). Aedeagus with small toothlike ventral processes (sometimes strongly reduced) (Fig. 115c, 115d). Abdomen pale dorsally. ............................................... 115. E. enata (Knull) 118’. Aedeagus without ventral processes (Fig. 116c, 116d). Abdomen dark dorsally. ..................... ........................................................................................................ 116. E. cauta (Beamer) 119(110). Aedeagal shaft depressed (Fig. 117c, 117d). ............................................................... 120 119’. Aedeagal shaft round or compressed (Fig. 120c, 120d, 121c, 121d). ................................. 122 120(119). Second point of style longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 119b). Pygofer dorsal appendage with dorsal tooth or hump (Fig. 119e). ............................................. 121 120’. Second point of style not longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 117b). Pygofer dorsal appendage without dorsal tooth or hump (Fig. 117e). ............................................... ........................................................................................ 117. E. lyratae (Ross & DeLong) Vol. 38 Art.6230 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 121(120). Aedeagus without ventral processes (Fig. 118d). Vertex, notum, and clavus reddish brown to dark brown; abdomen dark dorsally (Fig. 118a1–118a3). ...................................... ........................................................................................... 118. E. rufostigmosa (Beamer) 121’. Aedeagus usually with small toothlike processes usually arising at apex of shaft (Fig. 119d1– 119d3). Coloration usual for genus, with reddish oblique vittae; abdomen pale dorsally (Fig. 119a). ................................................................................. 119. E. volucris (Beamer) 122(119). Section of aedeagus extended beyond gonopore long, about twice as long as width of aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 120c). ........................... 120. E. similalis (Ross & DeLong) 122’. Section of aedeagus extended beyond gonopore short, not longer than width of aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 121c). ................................................................................................. 123 123(122). Bright yellow with dark brown or black stripe along entire dorsum (Fig. 19a). ................ ......................................................................................................... 19. E. divisa (McAtee) 123’. Without dark stripe along entire dorsum (Fig. 121a, 122a). ............................................... 124 124(123). Forewings reddish brown with pale apices (Fig. 121a). ........... 121. E. abolla (McAtee) 124’. Coloration usual for genus; forewings with reddish oblique vittae (Fig. 122a). ................ 125 125(124). Ventral processes of aedeagus separated from gonopore by more than width of shaft (Fig. 122c). Abdomen dark dorsally; mesonotum usually brownish (Fig. 122a). ................ ................................................................................................. 122. E. penelutea (Beamer) 125’. Ventral processes of aedeagus separated from gonopore by no more than width of shaft (Fig. 123c, 124c). Abdomen pale dorsally; mesonotum pale (Fig. 123a). ............................. 126 126(125). Third point of style apex shorter than distance between other two points (Fig. 123b). Ventral processes of aedeagus arising closer to gonopore; distal processes directed lat- erad, well visible in lateral view (Fig. 123c, 123d). ...................... 123. E. scissa (Beamer) 126’. Third point of style apex longer than distance between other two points (Fig. 124b). Ventral processes of aedeagus arising more proximal from gonopore; distal processes directed dorsad, scarcely visible in lateral view (Fig. 124c, 124d). ............. 124. E. eluta (McAtee) 127(109). Ventral processes of aedeagus originating near middle of shaft; shaft compressed (Fig. 125c, 125d, 126c, 126d). Ground color of dorsum reddish brown (Fig. 125a, 126a). .. 128 127’. Ventral processes of aedeagus originating near apex of shaft or absent (Fig. 127c, 127d, 133c, 133d). Ground color of dorsum pale yellow (Fig. 127a). .................................... 129 128(127). Ventral processes of aedeagus about as long as width of aedeagal shaft in ventral view (Fig. 125d). Smaller (2.8–3 mm). Sides of vertex and pronotum concolorous with rest of vertex and pronotum (Fig. 125a). ............................................... 125. E. vinaria (Beamer) 128’. Ventral processes of aedeagus much shorter than width of aedeagal shaft in ventral view (Fig. 126d). Larger (3.1–3.3 mm). Sides of vertex and pronotum contrasting pale yellow (Fig. 126a). .................................................................... 126. E. atrimucronata (Beamer) 129(127). Aedeagus with small toothlike ventral processes arising at shaft apex (Fig. 127c, 127d). 130 129’. Aedeagus without ventral processes (Fig. 133c, 133d). ..................................................... 134 130(129). Angle between basal and third points of style apex 45° or less (Fig. 127b). .............. 131 130’. Angle between basal and third points of style apex 90° or more (Fig. 130b). ................... 132 Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 231 131(130). Aedeagus with small compressed dorsal distal lobe, without distal processes (Fig. 127c, 127d). Posterior margin of style straight (Fig. 127b). Abdomen dark dorsally. ................... ................................................................................................. 127. E. coarctata (Beamer) 131’. Aedeagus without dorsal distal lobe, with small distal processes (Fig. 128c, 128d). Posterior margin of style humped (Fig. 128b). Abdomen pale dorsally. ............................................. ..................................................................................................... 128. E. modica (Beamer) 132(130). Aedeagus with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; apex rounded in ventral view (Fig. 129c, 129d). Second point of style apex small toothlike (Fig. 129b). .................................. ....................................................................................................129. E. gleditsia (Beamer) 132’. Aedeagus without dorsal distal lobe; apex truncate in ventral view (Fig. 131c, 131d). Second point of style apex well developed (Fig. 131b). ............................................................ 133 133(132). Aedeagal shaft straight in lateral view (Fig. 130c). Forewings with oblique vittae on clavus usually brighter than those on corium (Fig. 130a). ........ 130. E. clavata (DeLong) 133’. Aedeagal shaft curved dorsad (Fig. 131c). Forewings with oblique vittae on clavus and co- rium concolorous (Fig. 131a). ................................................ 131. E. quadrata (Beamer) 134(129). Third point of style apex about half as long as distance between other two points (Fig. 132b). Forewings with oblique vittae on clavus brighter than those on corium (Fig. 132a). ......................................................................................................132. E. juncea (Beamer) 134’. Third point of style apex about 1/4 as long as distance between other two points (Fig. 133b). Forewings with oblique vittae concolorous on clavus and corium (Fig. 133a). ............ 135 135(134). Aedeagus with small dorsal distal lobe (Fig. 133c); apex acuminate in ventral view (Fig. 133d). ............................................................................................... 133. E. apta (Beamer) 135’. Aedeagus without dorsal distal lobe (Fig. 134c, 135c); apex expanded in ventral view (Fig. 134d, 135d). ................................................................................................................... 136 136(135). Angle between basal and third points of style apex about 45° (Fig. 134b). Aedeagal shaft curved dorsad (Fig. 134c). .............................................................. 134. E. nava (Beamer) 136’. Angle between basal and third points of style apex about 90° (Fig. 135b). Aedeagal shaft straight in lateral view (Fig. 135c). ......................................... 135. E. barbarae (Hepner) Vol. 38 Art.6232 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 1. Erythridula lawsoniana (Baker, 1926) (Fig. 1) Typhlocyba obliqua var. dorsalis Gillette, 1898a:757 (sec. hom.: Zygina dorsalis Horváth, 1897b) Erythroneura lawsoni Baker, 1925b:537, n.nov. (prim. hom.: Erythroneura lawsoni Robinson, 1924) Erythroneura lawsoniana Baker, 1926a:347, n.nov. Erythroneura (Erythridula) lawsoniana Young, 1952b:83 Arboridia (Erythridula) dorsalis Dworakowska, 1970g, 615 Erythridula lawsoniana Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior mar- gin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points more than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, compressed, with dorsal carina; aedeagal apex round in ventral view; two pairs of ventral processes placed basally: one pair parallel to shaft, slightly curved, another strongly divergent; distal processes long, subapical, slender. Dorsum yellowish with red and brown color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae or large basal dark area often extended onto thorax, midline pale or dark; anteclypeus pale; pronotum dark with pale lateral mar- gins; mesonotum entirely dark; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewings with fused oblique vittae; clavus largely bright red or brown; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Lectotype , USA, Michigan, (CSUC), with label CSU7, here designated. Studied material: Paralectotypes 1 , 1 , USA, Michigan, (CSUC), here designated. Distribution: Central and northeastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Malus pumila. Notes: We designate a lectotype from the original series of syntypes to stabilize the concept of this species name. The original name of the species, Typhlocyba obliqua var. dorsalis Gillette, 1898, was replaced with Erythroneura lawsoniana (Baker, 1926a) because it was considered congeneric with Zygina dorsalis Horváth, 1897. Later Dworakowska (1970g) proposed to restore the original name of the Gillette species because it was no longer congeneric with Z. dorsalis Horváth. But according to Article 59.3 (ICZN, 1999) “a junior secondary homonym replaced before 1961 is permanently invalid unless the substitute name is not in use...” The name E. lawsoniana Baker is still in use (Metcalf, 1968a; Maw et al., 2000a; Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a; and several on-line databases) and so cannot be restored. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 233 2. Erythridula electa (McAtee, 1920) (Fig. 2) Erythroneura obliqua var. electa McAtee, 1920a:282 Erythroneura electa Beamer, 1930b:418 Erythroneura (Erythridula) electa Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura tietzi Ross & DeLong, 1953a:85, syn.n. Erythroneura ampasa Ross & DeLong, 1953a:86, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) benedicti Hepner, 1976b:124, syn.n. Erythridula electa Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.5–2.8 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex short; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points, expanded at apex; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped Figure 1. E. lawsoniana (Baker). a – habitus; b – style apex, broad aspect; c – aedeagus, lateral view; d – aedeagus, ventral view; e – pygofer, lateral view; f – base of abdomen and 2S apodemes, ventral view; g – genitral plate, ventral view; h – forewing; i – hind wing; j – connective. Abbreviations: ac1–ac4 – apical cells; at – anal tube; bm – brochosome field; cl – clavus; da – dorsal apodeme; dap – dorsal appendage; dp – dorsal processes; dr – dorsolateral internal ridge; g – gonopore; gd – gonoduct; ir – interradial crossvein; ms – basal macrosetae; pa – preatrium; pl – preapical lobe; vm – ventral margin; vp – ventral processes. Vol. 38 Art.6234 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and broad in lateral view, compressed, with- out dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened in ventral view; two pairs of ventral pro- cesses placed basally: one pair parallel and appressed to shaft, another short triangular depressed; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Dorsum yellowish, with reddish brown color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae, midline pale; anteclypeus brown; pronotum with two longitudi- nal stripes; mesonotum darkened; thoracic venter entirely dark; forewings with oblique vittae often fused together; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Virginia, Arlington [as Alexandria] Co., Maywood, 12 III 1916 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Crataegus mollis and probably other species of Crataegus. Notes: The holotype of E. ampasa Ross & DeLong is an aberrant specimen with undeveloped genitalia. 3. Erythridula sagittata (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 3) Erythroneura sagittata Beamer, 1930b:440 Erythroneura (Erythridula) sagittata Young, 1952b:84 Erythroneura (Erythridula) jeanae Hepner, 1976a:205, syn.n. Erythridula sagittata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.6–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apo- deme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view; compressed; without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; two pairs of ventral processes placed basally: one pair parallel to each other ap- pressed to shaft, another short triangular and depressed; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Gallatin Co., 31 III 1929 (Oman), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Crataegus viridis, C. marshallii. Notes: The holotype was collected by Oman, not by Beamer as was erroneously stated in the original publication. Figure 2. E. electa (McAtee). b, c – from Ross & DeLong, 1953a. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 235 4. Erythridula complicata (Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 4) Erythroneura complicata Johnson, 1935a:87 Erythroneura (Erythridula) complicata Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula complicata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved ven- trad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; two pairs of ventral processes placed basally: one pair parallel to shaft, slender, slightly expanded at apex, another strongly divergent, short; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Pickaway Co., 9 IV 1934 (Caldwell), (OSU). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Unknown. Johnson (1935a) recorded the species from Carpinus sp. 5. Erythridula bitincta (McAtee, 1926) (Fig. 5) Erythroneura obliqua var. bitincta McAtee, 1926c:130 Erythroneura bifurca Beamer, 1930b:422 Erythroneura bitincta Johnson, 1935a:52 Figure 3. E. sagittata (Beamer). d – from Hepner, unpublished. Figure 4. E. complicata (Johnson). Vol. 38 Art.6236 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Erythroneura (Erythridula) bitincta Young, 1952b:82 Erythroneura (Erythridula) dorisae Hepner, 1976a:204, syn.n. Erythridula bitincta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.6–2.8 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved ventrad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened in ventral view; two pairs of ventral processes placed basally; one pair parallel to shaft, slender, another strongly divergent, short; distal processes short, tooth- like, apical, or absent. Coloration usual for genus, but anterior part of body and tips of forewings darkened; anteclypeus dark; thoracic venter entirely dark; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , Canada, Ontario, Toronto, 8 VIII 1924 (Ball), (USNM). Distribution: Northwestern, central, and eastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Crataegus spp. 6. Erythridula crataegi (Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 6) Erythroneura crataegi Johnson, 1935a:61 Erythroneura (Erythridula) crataegi Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula crataegi Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.7–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well devel- oped; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved ventrad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened in ventral view; two pairs of ventral processes placed basally: one pair parallel to shaft, slender, slightly expanded at apex, another strongly divergent, short; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; ante- clypeus brown; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Hancock Co., on Crataegus sp., 18 VIII 1934 (Auten), (OSU). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Crataegus spp. Figure 5. E. bitincta (McAtee). a2 – holotype; b – from Young, 1952b. Figure 6. E. crataegi (Johnson). a – holotype. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 237 7. Erythridula intricata (Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 7) Erythroneura intricata Johnson, 1935a:86 Erythroneura (Erythridula) intricata Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula intricata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 3–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point very short; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved ventrad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with dorsal carina; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; two pairs of ventral processes placed basally: one pair parallel to shaft, slender, with ventral tooth, another strongly divergent, short; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdo- men pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Pickaway Co., 31 III 1934 (Caldwell), (OSU). Distribution: Northern central USA. Host plants: Unknown. 8. Erythridula canadensis sp.n. (Fig. 8) Description: Length 2.9–3 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments, connected to anal tube and pygofer appendages; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; two pairs of ventral processes placed basally: one pair parallel to shaft, slender, another strongly divergent, very short; distal processes absent. Dorsum pale yellow, with red or orange color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae, midline pale; ante- clypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum pale with two longitudinal stripes; mesono- tum entirely pale; thoracic venter pale; forewings with oblique vittae, without crossbands; clavus with continuous vitta parallel to suture; abdomen pale dorsally. Diagnosis: E. canadensis sp.n. is similar to E. occidua Beamer & Griffith by the shape of style, but new species is smaller and aedeagus without distal processes. Shape of aedeagus similar to E. dolosa Beamer & Griffith, but the latter has longer ventral processes depressed, while the new spe- cies has longer ventral processes round and shorter ventral processes very short. Type locality: Holotype , Canada, British Columbia, Vernon, 5 VIII 1931 (Beamer), (KSEM). Studied material: Paratype 1 , same label data. Distribution: Known only from the type locality in British Columbia. Figure 7. E. intricata (Johnson). a –allotype. Vol. 38 Art.6238 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Host plants: Unknown. Notes: Species name refers to the country of origin of the type series. 9. Erythridula occidua (Beamer & Griffith, 1935), comb.n., status n. (Fig. 9) Erythroneura dolosa var. occidua Beamer & Griffith, 1935a:19 Erythroneura dolosa var. interjecta Beamer & Grif- fith, 1935a:20, syn.n. Description: Length 3.1–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point very short; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedea- gus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved ventrad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened in ventral view; two pairs of ventral processes placed basally: one pair parallel to shaft, slender, de- pressed and expanded at apex, another strongly divergent, short; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; mesonotum entirely pale yellow to brown; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, California, Marin Co., 3 VIII 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: California. Host plants: Unknown. Notes: E. dolosa var. interjecta Beamer & Griffith differs from E. occidua Beamer & Griffith only in the paler mesonotum (Fig. 9a2), which varies interspecifically among other species of Eryth- ridula. The male genitalia of the two taxa are identical. Figure 8. E. canadensis sp.n. a – holotype. Figure 9. E. occidua (Beamer & Griffith). a2 – color var. interjecta; d – from Beamer & Griffith, 1935a. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 239 10. Erythridula dolosa (Beamer & Griffith, 1935) (Fig. 10) Erythroneura dolosa Beamer & Griffith, 1935a:19 Erythroneura (Erythridula) dolosa Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula dolosa Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 3–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half dis- tance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slen- der in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex bluntly tapered in ventral view; two pairs of ventral processes placed basally: one pair parallel to shaft, slender, depressed and expanded at apex, another strongly divergent, short; distal processes short, toothlike, apical, or absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; mesonotum brownish; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Washington, Spokane Co., Spokane, on Crataegus sp., 8 VIII 1931 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Northwestern USA, southwestern Canada. Host plants: Crataegus sp. 11. Erythridula anomala (Knull, 1946) (Fig. 11) Erythroneura anomala Knull, 1946a:46 Erythroneura (Erythridula) anomala Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula anomala Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point very short and broad; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, evenly divergent, depressed basally; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Hocking Co., 26 IV 1938 (Knull), (OSU). Distribution: Ohio. Host plants: Unknown; one specimen collected on Carpinus sp. Notes: The genitalia of the holotype are mounted on a slide, thus, the drawings may be somewhat distorted. Body length could not be measured due to the condition of the specimens. Figure 10. E. dolosa (Beamer & Griffith). c, d – from Beamer & Griffith, 1935a. Vol. 38 Art.6240 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 12. Erythridula mansueta (Beamer, 1935) (Fig. 12) Erythroneura mansueta Beamer, 1935a:98 Erythroneura (Erythridula) mansueta Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula mansueta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 3–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point short and broad, with its base reaching first point; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex blunt in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, slender, evenly divergent, often bifurcate at apex; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Illinois, Johnson Co., 30 III 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Ilex decidua. Figure 11. E. anomala (Knull). Figure 12. E. mansueta (Beamer). b–d – from Ross, 1953b. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 241 13. Erythridula celebrata (Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 13) Erythroneura celebrata Johnson, 1935a:82 Erythroneura (Erythridula) celebrata Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula celebrata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.8–2.9 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, slender, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Ohio, Hocking Co., Cantwell Cliffs, Hocking Hills State Park, 23 X 1932 (Johnson), (OSU). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. Notes: The slide with holotype genitalia is missing. 14. Erythridula brundusa (Robinson, 1924) (Fig. 14, Plate 1c) Erythroneura brundusa Robinson, 1924b:155 Erythroneura (Erythridula) brundusa Young, 1952b:82 Erythroneura (Erythridula) uniforma Hepner, 1976d:315, syn.n. Erythridula brundusa Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 3.2–3.4 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped liga- ments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view. Aedeagus ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, slender, slightly divergent; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; background color dull yellow; color pattern blurred; anteclypeus pale; Figure 13. E. celebrata (Johnson). Vol. 38 Art.6242 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin thoracic venter entirely pale or dark; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., IV, (KSEM). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Gleditsia triacanthos. Notes: E. uniforma Hepner was described based on a specimen with broken ventral processes of aedeagus. 15. Erythridula whitti (Hepner, 1976) (Fig. 15) Erythroneura (Erythridula) whitti Hepner, 1976b:123 Erythridula whitti Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 3–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, compressed, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex round in ventral view; ventral processes aris- ing near midlength of shaft, slender, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., State College, on Ulmus rubra, 8 VIII 1967 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Ulmus rubra, U. alata. Figure 14. E. brundusa (Robinson). Figure 15. E. whitti (Hepner). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 243 16. Erythridula rubrotincta (Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 16) Erythroneura rubrotincta Johnson, 1935a:91 Erythroneura (Erythridula) rubrotincta Young, 1952b:84 Erythroneura (Erythridula) fultonae Hepner, 1976d:314, syn.n. Erythridula rubrotincta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 3–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, slender, slightly divergent; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Hocking Co., 15 IV 1934 (Caldwell), (OSU). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown; Johnson (1935a) recorded this species from Carpinus sp. 17. Erythridula tridens (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 17) Erythroneura tridens Beamer, 1930b:450 Erythroneura (Erythridula) tridens Young, 1952b:84 Erythroneura (Erythridula) styraxae Hepner, 1976c:300, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) ampaiae Hepner, 1976d:314, syn.n. Erythridula tridens Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 3.1–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, slen- der, divergent only at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Anderson Co., 9 IX 1927 (Beamer), (KSEM). Figure 14. E. brundusa (Robinson). Figure 16. E. rubrotincta (Johnson). Vol. 38 Art.6244 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Tilia americana. 18. Erythridula juglandis (Knull & Auten, 1938) (Fig. 18) Erythroneura juglandis Knull & Auten, 1938a:532 Erythroneura (Erythridula) juglandis Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula juglandis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 3–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex rounded in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Dorsum bright yellow with brown color pattern; vertex with large basal dark area, extended onto pronotum, midline dark; anteclypeus pale; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins; mesonotum pale, with dark lateral triangles and apex; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewings yellow with traces of oblique vittae and largely brown clavus; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype,USA, Texas, Jeff Davis Co., Davis Mountains, on Juglans sp., 2 VIII 1937 (Knull), (OSU). Distribution: Texas. Host plants: Juglans sp. Figure 17. E. tridens (Beamer). Figure 18. E. juglandis (Knull & Auten). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 245 19. Erythridula divisa (McAtee, 1924) (Fig. 19) Erythroneura abolla var. divisa McAtee, 1924c:37 Erythroneura divisa Beamer, 1930b:419 Erythroneura (Erythridula) divisa Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura juglandacea Ross & DeLong, 1953a:78, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) loisae Hepner, 1978a:138, syn.n. Erythridula divisa Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes aris- ing near midlength of shaft, evenly divergent or absent; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Dorsum bright yellow with dark brown or black stripe along entire dorsum; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Glen Echo, 16 VII 1922 (Mal- loch), (USNM). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Juglans nigra. Notes: The holotype of E. loisae Hepner has the genitalia of E. divisa McAtee, but the color pat- tern is more similar to that of E. lemnisca McAtee; other specimens in the MSU collection identi- fied by Hepner as E. loisae are different species. Therefore, the holotype of E. loisae Hepner is here interpreted as a specimen of E. divisa with unusual coloration. 20. Erythridula lloydi (Hepner, 1977) (Fig. 20) Erythroneura (Erythridula) lloydi Hepner, 1977a:253 Erythridula lloydi Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.9–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, tooth- like; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dor- sad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal Figure 19. E. divisa (McAtee). a1 – usual coloration; a2 – holotype; b–d1 from Ross & DeLong, 1953a. Vol. 38 Art.6246 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, slender, evenly divergent; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus: anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Neotype , USA, Mississippi, Noxubee Co., Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge, on Alnus sp., 18 VI 1962 (Hepner), (INHS) – here designated. Distribution: Southeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. Notes: All holotypes of species described in the Hepner (1977a) paper, were apparently lost during shipment to INHS. The neotype is here designated to stabilize the concept of this species. 21. Erythridula morrisi (Hepner, 1977) (Fig. 21) Erythroneura (Erythridula) morrisi Hepner, 1977a:251 Erythridula morrisi Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.7–2.8 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded. Sec- ond point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elon- gate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near mid- length of shaft, long, slender, divergent at base, thence curved dorsocaudad; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., State College, on Aesculus sp., 7 IV 1962 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Known only from the type locality in Mississippi. Host plants: Unknown; the holotype was collected on Aesculus sp. Figure 20. E. lloydi (Hepner). Figure 21. E. morrisi (Hepner). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 247 22. Erythridula cruciformis (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 22) Erythroneura cruciformis Beamer, 1930b:443 Erythroneura (Erythridula) cruciformis Young, 1952b:82 Erythroneura salmoides Ross & DeLong, 1953a:83, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) merkli Hepner, 1977a:253, syn.n. Erythridula cruciformis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S pos- terior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near mid- length of shaft, divergent at base, thence curved dorsad; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., 1927, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Carpinus caroliniana. Notes: E. salmoides Ross and DeLong is based on a specimen with the tip of the aedeagus broken. The holotype of E. merkli Hepner is lost, but study of other material from Hepner’s collection sup- ports treating this species as a junior synonym. 23. Erythridula pfrimmeri (Hepner, 1977) (Fig. 23) Erythroneura (Erythridula) pfrimmeri Hepner, 1977b:49 Erythroneura (Erythridula) isei Hepner, 1977b:54, syn.n. Erythridula pfrimmeri Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, tooth- like; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; prea- trium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with Figure 22. E. cruciformis (Beamer). Vol. 38 Art.6248 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, evenly divergent, short; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; mesonotum entirely dark; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., State College, 16 VIII 1960 (Hep- ner), (INHS). Distribution: Eastern USA. Host plants: Quercus nigra, Q. pagodafoliae. 24. Erythridula autenae (Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 24) Erythroneura auteni Johnson, 1935a:73 Erythroneura autenae DeLong and Knull, 1946a:78, emend. Erythroneura (Erythridula) autenae Young, 1952b:82 Erythroneura (Erythridula) solomoni Hepner, 1977a:251, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) harei Hepner, 1977a:255, syn.n. Erythridula autenae Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S pos- terior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, depressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, with broad base, evenly divergent; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; some- times color pattern blurred; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Knox Co., on Carpinus sp., 8 V 1933 (Auten), (OSU). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Carpinus sp. Notes: The holotypes of E. solomoni Hepner and E. harei Hepner are lost; study of paratypes and other material from Hepner’s collection supports their treatment as synonyms. Figure 23. E. pfrimmeri (Hepner). Figure 24. E. autenae (Johnson). a1, a2 – color variations. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 249 25. Erythridula martini (Hepner, 1976) (Fig. 25) Erythroneura (Erythridula) martini Hepner, 1976a:207 Erythroneura (Erythridula) brundusoides Hepner, 1976d:315, syn.n. Erythridula martini Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.9–3 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long comperssed dorsal distal lobe; ae- deagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, slender, evenly divergent; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., State College, on Ilex decidua, 3 IV 1961 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Known only from the type locality in Mississippi. Host plants: Ilex decidua. Notes: The holotype was collected on 3 IV 1961, not on 4 III 1962 as stated in the original publi- cation. 26. Erythridula tolerata (Knull, 1951) (Fig. 26) Erythroneura tolerata Knull, 1951c:180 Erythroneura (Erythridula) tolerata Young, 1952b:120 Erythridula tolerata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.8–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex blunt in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, slender, slightly divergent only at apex; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Ohio, Hocking Co., 19 X 1945 (Knull), (OSU). Distribution: Eastern USA. Figure 25. E. martini (Hepner). a – holotype. Vol. 38 Art.6250 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Host plants: Unknown; one specimen was collected on Ulmus alata. 27. Erythridula dunni (Hepner, 1976) (Fig. 27) Erythroneura (Erythridula) dunni Hepner, 1976c:295 Erythridula dunni Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 3–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, tooth- like; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe, with lateral lobes at base; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, slightly divergent only at apex; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Illinois, Champaign Co., Urbana, 22 IV 1959 (Cunningham), (INHS). Distribution: Central USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Acer saccharum. Figure 26. E. tolerata (Knull). Figure 27. E. dunni (Hepner). a – holotype. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 251 28. Erythridula parsonsi (Hepner, 1976) (Fig. 28) Erythroneura (Erythridula) parsonsi Hepner, 1976c:295 Erythroneura (Erythridula) ivae Hepner, 1976c:297 syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) enatoides Hepner, 1977c:365 syn.n. Erythridula parsonsi Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 3–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V- shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, slender, divergent only at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Tennessee, Henderson Co., Lexington, on Acer rubrum, 3 VII 1963 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Acer pensylvanicum, A. spicatum, A. saccharum, A. rubrum, and other species of Acer. Notes: The holotype of E. ivae Hepner is an aberrant specimen with ventral processes arising at the base of the aedeagal shaft. 29. Erythridula afflicta (Beamer, 1935) (Fig. 29) Erythroneura afflicta Beamer, 1935a:101 Erythroneura (Erythridula) afflicta Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula afflicta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and broad in lateral view, compressed, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of ae- deagus, unpaired distal process apical, on ventral side of shaft, slender. Coloration usual for genus; Figure 28. E. parsonsi (Hepner). a – holotype. Vol. 38 Art.6252 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Glen Echo, 22 II 1931 (Oman), (KSEM). Distribution: The species is known only from the type locality in Maryland. Host plants: Unknown. 30. Erythridula noeva (Gillette, 1898) (Fig. 30) Typhlocyba obliqua var. noevus Gillette, 1898a:757 Typhlocyba obliqua var. naevus Gillette, 1898c:31, missp. Typhlocyba obliqua var. novus Wirtner, 1904a:227, missp. Erythroneura obliqua var. noevus Van Duzee, 1916a:77 Erythroneura obliqua var. parma McAtee, 1920a:280, syn.n. Erythroneura noevus Lawson, 1929a:41 Erythroneura noeva Johnson, 1935a:52, emend. Erythroneura (Erythridula) noeva Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula noeva Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.9–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S pos- terior margin. Pygofer lobe angulate. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, compressed, smooth or denticulate along ventral margin, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, shorter than shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; mesonotum usually entirely dark brown; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Pottawatomie Co., Onaga, (Crevecoeur), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Juglans nigra. Figure 29. E. afflicta (Beamer). Figure 30. E. noeva (Gillette). a2 – color var. parma McAtee. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 253 31. Erythridula nondescripta (Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 31) Erythroneura nondescripta Johnson, 1935a:92 Erythroneura (Erythridula) nondescripta Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) lindleyi Hepner, 1976a:207, syn.n. Erythridula nondescripta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.7–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Ohio, Athens Co., Athens, 11 IX 1920 (Osborn), (OSU). Description: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Unknown; the holotype of E. lindleyi Hepner was collected on Carpinus sp. 32. Erythridula infinita (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 32) Erythroneura infinita Beamer, 1930b:446 Erythroneura latapex Beamer, 1930b:447, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) paigeae Hepner, 1976a:208, syn.n. Erythridula infinita Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 3–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with dis- tinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, compressed, denticulate along ventral margin, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Anderson Co., 9 XI 1927 (Beamer), (KSEM). Figure 31. E. nondescripta (Johnson). Vol. 38 Art.6254 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Quercus rubra var. ambigua, Q. alba. 33. Erythridula spearca (Johnson & Auten, 1936) (Fig. 33) Erythroneura nitida Auten & Johnson, 1936a:65 (prim.hom.: Erythroneura nitida Beamer, 1935a) Erythroneura spearca Johnson & Auten, 1936a:818, n.nov. Erythroneura (Erythridula) spearca Young, 1952b:84 Erythroneura noevoides Ross & DeLong, 1953a:83, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) dianae Hepner, 1976a:205, syn.n. Erythridula spearca Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.9–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, denticulate along ventral margin, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Georgia, DeKalb Co., Decatur, McCurdy’s Pond, 25 IV 1934 (Auten), (OSU). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Unknown; the holotype of E. dianae Hepner was collected on Cercis canadensis. Notes: The holotype was collected on 25 IV 1934, not on 16 IV 1934 as stated in the original publication. Figure 32. E. infinita (Beamer). Figure 33. E. spearca (Johnson & Auten). a – holotype; b–d – from Ross and DeLong, 1953a. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 255 34. Erythridula aesculella (Ross & DeLong, 1953) (Fig. 34, Plate 1g) Erythroneura aesculella Ross & DeLong, 1953a:82 Erythridula aesculella Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 3.1–3.4 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex well developed; third point not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection; with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedea- gal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, shorter than shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes absent. Dorsum yellow or white with red color pattern; vertex pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum and mesono- tum almost entirely red; thoracic venter pale; forewings without oblique vittae, with crossband, not reaching lateral margins and bases of wings; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Champaign Co., Urbana, Brownfield Woods, on Aescu- lus glabra, 9 VIII 1948 (Becker & Ross), (INHS). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Aesculus glabra. 35. Erythridula perita (Beamer, 1935) (Fig. 35) Erythroneura perita Beamer, 1935a:99 Erythroneura extrema Auten & Johnson, 1936a:64 Erythroneura (Erythridula) perita Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula perita Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 3–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points more than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, compressed; without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, shorter than shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Figure 34. E. aesculella (Ross & DeLong). a – holotype; b–d – from Ross and DeLong, 1953a. Vol. 38 Art.6256 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Cherokee Co., 1928, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Prunus serotina, P. virginiana. 36. Erythridula haspata (Ross & DeLong, 1953) (Fig. 36) Erythroneura haspata Ross & DeLong, 1953a:85 Erythridula haspata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.7 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Sec- ond point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus parallelsided, connection to pygofer membranous; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lat- eral view, compressed, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex angulate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus, with ventral tooth; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Illinois, Cook Co., Thornton, on Corylus americana, 7 IX 1949 (Ross & Stannard), (INHS). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Unknown; the holotype was collected on Corylus americana. Figure 35. E. perita (Beamer). Figure 36. E. haspata (Ross & DeLong). b–d – from Ross and DeLong, 1953a. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 257 37. Erythridula wysongi (Ross & DeLong, 1953) (Fig. 37) Erythroneura wysongi Ross & DeLong, 1953a:84 Erythridula wysongi Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.7–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points more than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; prea- trium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, compressed, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus, with lateral tooth; distal processes absent. Dorsum yellowish with reddish and brownish color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae or with large basal dark area, extended onto pronotum, midline pale or dark; anteclypeus brown; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins; mesonotum dark; thoracic venter entirely dark; forewings with oblique vittae, often fussed, without crossbands; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Cook Co., Bemis Woods, on Crataegus mollis, 2 VII 1949 (Ross & Stannard), (INHS). Distribution: Northern Central USA. Host plants: Unknown; the holotype was collected on Crataegus mollis. 38. Erythridula torva (Beamer, 1935) (Fig. 38) Erythroneura torva Beamer, 1935a:98 Erythroneura (Erythridula) torva Young, 1952b:84 Erythridula torva Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point very short; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dor- sal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex rounded in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal pro- cesses absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; mesonotum entirely pale; oblique vit- tae on clavus slightly brighter than those on corium; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Connecticut, New Haven Co., New Haven, 20 VIII 1934 Figure 37. E. wysongi (Ross & DeLong). b–d – from Ross and DeLong, 1953a. Vol. 38 Art.6258 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Northeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. 39. Erythridula rubens (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 39) Erythroneura rubens Beamer, 1930b:439 Erythroneura ponderosa Auten & Johnson, 1936a:62, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) rubens Young, 1952b:84 Erythroneura (Erythridula) enfieldensis Hepner, 1976b:126, syn.n. Erythridula rubens Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.7–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior mar- gin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in cros- section, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus brown; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Illinois, Gallatin Co., 31 III 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Crataegus mollis. Figure 38. E. torva (Beamer). Figure 39. E. rubens (Beamer). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 259 40. Erythridula praecisa (Knull, 1946) (Fig. 40) Erythroneura praecisa Knull, 1946a:46 Erythroneura (Erythridula) praecisa Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura betulaspera Richards & Varty, 1964a:515, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) hormchunae Hepner, 1976b:120, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) kingstoniensis Hepner, 1976b:124, syn.n. Erythridula praecisa Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.8–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus, depressed, with small irregularly placed knobs; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Dorsum yellowish with reddish and brownish color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae, midline pale; anteclypeus brown; pronotum pale with two longitudinal stripes; mesonotum from entirely pale to entirely dark; thoracic venter entirely dark; forewings with oblique vittae, often fused; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Ohio, Hocking Co., 1 VI 1938 (Knull), (OSU). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Betula lutea, B. papyrifera, B. populifolia, B. alleghaniensis. 41. Erythridula aspera (Beamer & Griffith, 1935) (Fig. 41) Erythroneura aspera Beamer & Griffith, 1935a:18 Erythroneura (Erythridula) aspera Young, 1952b:82 Erythroneura (Erythridula) neeli Hepner, 1976b:121, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) kanensis Hepner, 1976d:314, syn.n. Erythridula aspera Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, Figure 40. E. praecisa (Knull). Vol. 38 Art.6260 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Idaho, Gooding Co., Bliss, 7 VII 1931 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Northwestern, central, and eastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Prunus virginiana, P. avium. 42. Erythridula dowelli (Beamer, 1932) (Fig. 42) Erythroneura dowelli Beamer, 1932b:62 Erythroneura (Erythridula) dowelli Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula dowelli Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped liga- ments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with small comperssed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., on Malus sp., 3 X 1931 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Malus pumila. Figure 41. E. aspera (Beamer & Griffith). b – from Richards & Varty, 1964a. Figure 42. E. dowelli (Beamer). d – from Hepner, unpublished. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 261 43. Erythridula furcillata (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 43) Erythroneura furcillata Beamer, 1930b:452 Erythroneura furcilliata Beamer, 1930b:421, missp. Erythroneura furcellata DeLong & Caldwell, 1937c:73, missp. Erythroneura (Erythridula) furcillata Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) nebekeri Hepner, 1976b:120, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) nebeberi Hepner, 1976b:120, missp. Erythroneura (Erythridula) cooni Hepner, 1976b:121, syn.n. Erythridula furcillata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.6–2.8 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior mar- gin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with dorsal carina; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Texas, Bowie Co., 16 VIII 1928 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Crataegus viridis. Notes: The holotype was collected on 16 VIII 1928, not on 16 VII 1928 as stated in the original publication. 44. Erythridula plena (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 44) Erythroneura plena Beamer, 1930b:442 Erythroneura pleua McConnell, 1931a:560, missp. Erythroneura (Erythridula) plena Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula plena Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe, and small tooth at middle dorsally; aedeagal apex rounded in ventral view; ven- Figure 43. E. furcillata (Beamer). Vol. 38 Art.6262 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin tral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Lawrence Co., 31 III 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Northwestern, central, and eastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Prunus persica, P. avium, P. emarginata, and other species of Prunus. Notes: The holotype was collected in Illinois, Lawrence Co., 31 III 1929, not in Kansas, Cherokee Co., 21 VIII 1927 as stated in the original publication. 45. Erythridula crossi (Hepner, 1976) (Fig. 45) Erythroneura (Erythridula) crossi Hepner, 1976a:210 Erythroneura (Erythridula) albanyensis Hepner, 1976b:124, syn.n. Erythridula crossi Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.4–2.5 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex angulate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, divergent only at apex; dis- tal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus, oblique pattern pale; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Georgia, Dougherty Co., Albany, on Crataegus sp., 15 VI 1963 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Known from only the type locality in Georgia. Host plants: Crataegus sp. Figure 44. E. plena (Beamer). Figure 45. E. crossi (Hepner). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 263 46. Erythridula funesta (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 46) Erythroneura funesta Beamer, 1930b:441 Erythroneura pulchra Beamer, 1930b:422 (prim. hom.: Erythroneura pulchra Naudé, 1926a), syn.n. Erythroneura accurata Beamer, 1934b:18, n.nov., syn.n. Erythroneura alata Knull, 1946a:45, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) funesta Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) andrewsi Hepner, 1976b:121, syn.n. Erythridula funesta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.6–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with small dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus, expanded and denticulate distally; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Dorsum yellow or white with reddish and brownish color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae or with large basal dark area, often extended onto pronotum; vertex midline pale or dark; anteclypeus brown; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins or pale with two longitu- dinal stripes; mesonotum pale or dark; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewings with oblique vittae; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Gallatin Co., 31 III 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Crataegus spp. 47. Erythridula rubrataeniensis (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 47) Erythroneura rubrataeniensis Beamer, 1930b:440 Erythroneura (Erythridula) rubrataeniensis Young, 1952b:84 Erythridula rubrataeniensis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 3–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other Figure 46. E. funesta (Beamer). a1 – holotype of E. alata Knull. Vol. 38 Art.6264 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with dorsal carina; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes short, toothlike, apical, or absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter entirely pale or with dark mesosternum; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., 1927, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Ulmus alata. 48. Erythridula repleta (Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 48) Erythroneura repleta Johnson, 1935a:78 Erythroneura (Erythridula) repleta Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula repleta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.7–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; prea- trium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, compressed, with small com- pressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex rounded in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus, with sparse small knobs; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter entirely dark; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Hancock Co., 30 IX 1934 (Johnson), (OSU). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Crataegus viridis. Figure 47. E. rubrataeniensis (Beamer). Figure 48. E. repleta (Johnson). a – holotype. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 265 49. Erythridula minima (Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 49) Erythroneura minima Johnson, 1935a:92 Erythroneura (Erythridula) minima Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula minima Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.4–2.6 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded. Sec- ond point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Champaign Co., Cedar Swamp, 29 VII 1934 (Caldwell), (OSU). Distribution: Ohio. Host plants: Unknown. 50. Erythridula rubroscuta (Gillette, 1898) (Fig. 50) Typhlocyba rubroscuta Gillette, 1898a:755 Erythroneura rubroscuta Van Duzee, 1916a:77 Erythroneura (Erythridula) rubroscuta Young, 1952b:84 Erythridula rubroscuta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 3.1–3.4 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point short; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, compressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes absent. Dorsum yellow with red color pattern; vertex usually unicolorous, pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum and mesonotum almost entirely red; thoracic venter pale; forewings without oblique vittae, with red crossband, not reaching lateral margins and bases of wings; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Pottawatomie Co., Onaga, among leaves in timber, Figure 49. E. minima (Johnson). Vol. 38 Art.6266 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Febr., (Crevecoeur), (USNM). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Aesculus glabra. 51. Erythridula nitida (Beamer, 1935) (Fig. 51) Erythroneura nitida Beamer, 1935a:103 Erythroneura (Erythridula) nitida Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) camirei Hepner, 1976b:119, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) schusteri Hepner, 1976b:120, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) boniorum Hepner, 1976b:125, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) cliffordi Hepner, 1976c:293, syn.n. Erythridula nitida Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior mar- gin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe, sometimes with ventral crest; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, New Hampshire, Coos Co., Bretton Woods, 31 VIII 1934 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Unknown; collected on Alnus incana, Crataegus mollis. Figure 50. E. rubroscuta (Gillette). Figure 51. E. nitida (Beamer). c1–c3—variation of shape of aedeagus; c3—holotype E. schusteri Hepner. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 267 52. Erythridula acicularis (Beamer, 1932) (Fig. 52) Erythroneura acicularis Beamer, 1932i:126 Erythroneura (Erythridula) acicularis Young, 1952b:82 Erythroneura (Erythridula) pura Knull, 1954d:38, syn.n. Erythridula acicularis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.7–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior mar- gin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Oregon, Baker Co., Dixie, on Rosa sp., 8 VII 1931 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Northern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Rosa sp., Spiraea alba. 53. Erythridula penobliqua (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 53) Erythroneura penobliqua Beamer, 1930b:453 Erythroneura (Erythridula) penobliqua Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula penobliqua Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe, with lateral lobes at base; aedeagal apex trun- cate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Johnson Co., 30 III 1929 (Oman), (KSEM). Figure 52. E. acicularis (Beamer). c1, c2 – variation of shape of aedeagus. Vol. 38 Art.6268 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Unknown. 54. Erythridula stolata (McAtee, 1920) (Fig. 54) Erythroneura obliqua var. stolata McAtee, 1920a:279 Erythroneura stolata Beamer, 1930b:420 Erythroneura (Erythridula) stolata Young, 1952b:84 Erythridula stolata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.7–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; aedeagal shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, depressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, short, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft, sometimes processes fused to shaft; distal processes absent. Dorsum bright yellow with brown strip along entire dorsum; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Virginia, Alexandria (city) Co., Maywood, 20 II 1916 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Fagus grandifolia. Figure 53. E. penobliqua (Beamer). Figure 54. E. stolata (McAtee). d1, d2 – variation of shape of ventral pro- cesses of aedeagus. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 269 55. Erythridula ohioensis (Knull, 1945) (Fig. 55) Erythroneura ohioensis Knull, 1945b:108 Erythroneura (Erythridula) ohioensis Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula ohioensis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and broad in lateral view, compressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, very short, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes absent. Dorsum yellow with red or brownish red color pattern; vertex with large basal dark area, often extended onto pronotum, vertex midline dark; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins; mesonotum entirely dark; thoracic venter pale; forewings with oblique vittae; clavus largely dark; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Delaware Co., 30 IV 1944 (Knull), (OSU). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Unknown. 56. Erythridula fumida (Gillette, 1898) (Fig. 56, Plate 1e) Typhlocyba obliqua var. fumida Gillette, 1898a:758 Erythroneura obliquua var. fumida Van Duzee, 1914a:57, missp. Erythroneura fumida Lawson, 1920a:249 Erythroneura (Erythridula) fumida Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula fumida Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.7–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in cros- section, denticulate distally, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes short, toothlike, apical, or absent. Dorsum dull yellow with red or brownish Figure 55. E. ohioensis (Knull). c1, c2 – variation of shape of ventral processes of aedeagus. Vol. 38 Art.6270 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin red color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum mostly dark; thoracic venter entirely dark; forewings with oblique vit- tae, usually fused together; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Pottawatomie Co., Onaga, Febr., (Crevecoeur), (USNM). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Tilia americana. 57. Erythridula jonesi (Hepner, 1976) (Fig. 57) Erythroneura (Erythridula) jonesi Hepner, 1976c:294 Erythridula jonesi Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.8 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Florida, Marion Co., Juniper Springs, on Vaccinium sp., 9 VI 1963 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Known only from the type locality in Florida. Host plants: Vaccinium sp. Figure 56. E. fumida (Gillette). a – holotype. Figure 57. E. jonesi (Hepner). a – holotype. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 271 58. Erythridula magnacalx (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 58) Erythroneura magnacalx Beamer, 1930b:451 Erythroneura magnacalyx Ackerman & Isely, 1931a:11, missp. Erythroneura (Erythridula) magnacalx Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula magnacalx Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.6–2.8 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half dis- tance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium about as long as shaft. Aedeagal shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, shorter than shaft, divergent at base, than parallel; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., 1927, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Malus sp. 59. Erythridula penenoeva (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 59) Erythroneura penenoeva Beamer, 1930b:438 Erythroneura (Erythridula) peneoeva Young, 1952b:83, missp. Erythroneura (Erythridula) patricki Hepner, 1976a:208, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) tomentosae Hepner, 1976c:297, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) wandae Hepner, 1976c:299, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) edgari Hepner, 1976c:300, syn.n. Erythridula penenoeva Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter Figure 58. E. magnacalx (Beamer). Vol. 38 Art.6272 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; mesonotum usually dark brown; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., 1 V 1926 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Carya tomentosa, C. illinoinensis. 60. Erythridula lucileae (Hepner, 1976) (Fig. 60) Erythroneura (Erythridula) lucileae Hepner, 1976c:299 Erythridula lucileae Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.7–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, tooth- like; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped liga- ments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossec- tion, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Montgomery Co., Coffeyville, on Quercus marilandi- ca, 25 VIII 1962 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Quercus marilandica. Figure 59. E. penenoeva (Beamer). a2 – color var. tomentosae. Figure 60. E. lucileae (Hepner). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 273 61. Erythridula planerae sp.n. (Fig. 61) Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments, con- nected to anal tube and pygofer appendages. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about half as long as shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Dorsum yellow with orange color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum pale with two longitudinal stripes; mesonotum entirely pale; thoracic venter entirely pale; forewings with oblique vittae, without crossbands, clavus with continuous vitta parallel to suture. Abdomen pale dorsally. Diagnosis: Similar to E. stylata Johnson, but with ventral processes of aedeagus only half as long as aedeagal shaft, and almost right angle between basal and third points of style apex. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Pulaski Co., W. Karnak, on Planera aquatica, 24 IX 1952 (Ross & Evers), (INHS). Studied material: Paratypes: 11 , same data as holotype. Host plants: Planera aquatica. Distribution: Known only from type locality in southern Illinois. Notes: The name refers to the host plant. 62. Erythridula amabilis (McAtee, 1924) (Fig. 62) Erythroneura obliqua var. amabilis McAtee, 1924d:132 Erythroneura amabilis Beamer, 1934d:96 Erythroneura (Erythridula) amabilis Young, 1952b:82 Erythroneura (Erythridula) frazieri Hepner, 1976a:210, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) harrisi Hepner, 1976a:210, syn.n. Erythridula amabilis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer Figure 61. E. planerae sp.n.. a – holotype. Vol. 38 Art.6274 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes absent. Dorsum yellow; basal two thirds of forewings bright red; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Maryland, 1 VI 1924, (USNM). Distribution: Eastern USA. Host plants: Unknown; the holotype of E. frazieri Hepner was collected on Carya sp.; the holo- type of E. harrisi Hepner was collected on Fagus sp. Notes: The holotype of E. harrisi Hepner is an aberrant specimen with undeveloped genitalia. 63. Erythridula stylata (Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 63) Erythroneura stylata Johnson, 1935a:78 Erythroneura (Erythridula) stylata Young, 1952b:84 Erythridula stylata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.6–2.8 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, tooth- like; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossec- tion, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Ohio, Knox Co., on Carpinus sp., 8 V 1933 (Auten), (OSU). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Ulmus alata, Carpinus caroliniana, Ilex decidua. Figure 62. E. amabilis (McAtee). a – holotype. Figure 63. E. stylata (Johnson). a – holotype. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 275 64. Erythridula ulmosa (Ross & DeLong, 1953) (Fig. 64, Plate 1b) Erythroneura ulmosa Ross & DeLong, 1953a:78 Erythroneura (Erythridula) chambersi Hepner, 1976a:208, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) sikorowskii Hepner, 1976a:210, syn.n. Erythridula ulmosa Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus, dorsum dull yellow with reddish color pattern; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Gallatin Co., Shawneetown, on Ulmus americana, 14 VII 1948 (Mills & Ross), (INHS). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Ulmus americana, U. alata, U. rubra, Ilex decidua. Notes: The holotype of E. chambersi Hepner has aberrant genitalia: aedeagus with ventral pro- cesses fused for half length with aedeagal shaft (Fig. 64d2). 65. Erythridula harpax (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 65) Erythroneura harpax Beamer, 1930b:432 Erythroneura (Erythridula) harpax Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula harpax Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; prea- trium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed Figure 64. E. ulmosa (Ross & DeLong). b–d1 – from Ross & DeLong, 1953a; d2 – aberrant specimen, holotype of E. chambersi Hepner. Vol. 38 Art.6276 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus, slightly divergent only at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus, dorsum dull yellow with reddish color pattern; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Tennessee, Davidson Co., Nashville, XII 1927, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Ulmus americana, U. rubra, U. alata, Ilex decidua. Notes: The slide with holotype genitalia is missing. 66. Erythridula ulmalatae (Ross & DeLong, 1953) (Fig. 66) Erythroneura ulmalatae Ross & DeLong, 1953a:80 Erythridula ulmalatae Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.7–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped liga- ments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex rounded in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, shorter than shaft, divergent only at apex; distal process- es absent. Coloration usual for genus, dorsum dull yellow with reddish color pattern; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Pope Co., Golconda, on Ulmus alata, 15 VII 1948 (Mills & Ross), (INHS). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Ulmus alata, Ilex decidua. Figure 65. E. harpax (Beamer). Figure 66. E. ulmalatae (Ross & DeLong). b–d – from Ross & DeLong, 1953a. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 277 67. Erythridula angularis (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 67) Erythroneura angularis Beamer, 1930b:447 Erythroneura (Erythridula) angularis Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula angularis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 3–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, tooth- like; third point elongate, about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, compressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, well separated from shaft, shorter than shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Anderson Co., 9 XI 1927 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. 68. Erythridula sincera (Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 68) Erythroneura sincera Johnson, 1935a:94 Erythroneura (Erythridula) sincera Young, 1952b:84 Erythridula sincera Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped liga- ments; preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in cros- section, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Ohio, Franklin Co., 18 VIII 1931 (Breakey), (OSU). Distribution: Northeastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Physocarpus apulifolius. Figure 67. E. angularis (Beamer). Vol. 38 Art.6278 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Notes: The holotype has the ventral processes of the aedeagus broken. 69. Erythridula hamata (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 69) Erythroneura hamata Beamer, 1930b:446 Erythroneura (Erythridula) hamata Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) belindae Hepner, 1976a:207, syn.n. Erythridula hamata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 3.1–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior mar- gin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, smooth or denticulate on ventral side, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Johnson Co., 30 III 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Acer rubrum. Figure 68. E. sincera (Johnson). Figure 69. E. hamata (Beamer). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 279 70. Erythridula unicuspidis (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 70) Erythroneura unicuspidis Beamer, 1930b:452 Erythroneura (Erythridula) unicuspidis Young, 1952b:84 Erythroneura (Erythridula) tridenoides Hepner, 1976d:312, syn.n. Erythridula unicuspidis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 3.1–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with dorsal carina; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, about as long as shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., 1927, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Ulmus rubra, U. americana. 71. Erythridula obliqua (Say, 1825) (Fig. 71) Tettigonia obliqua Say, 1825a:342 Erythroneura obliqua Fitch, 1851a:63 Erythroneura obliquua Van Duzee, 1914a:57, missp. Erythroneura obliqua var. pelta McAtee, 1920a:278, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) obliqua Young, 1952b:83 Arboridia (Erythridula) obliqua Dworakowska, 1970g:615 Erythroneura (Erythridula) vierii Hepner, 1976b:125, syn.n. Erythridula obliqua Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior mar- gin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; Figure 70. E. unicuspidis (Beamer). Vol. 38 Art.6280 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes absent. Col- oration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Neotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., 1927, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Ulmus alata, U. americana, Ilex decidua. 72. Erythridula varia (McAtee, 1920) (Fig. 72) Erythroneura abolla var. varia McAtee, 1920a:287 Erythroneura varia Beamer, 1930b:419 Erythroneura (Erythridula) varia Young, 1952b:84 Erythroneura (Erythridula) ivani Hepner, 1976d:312, syn.n. Erythridula varia Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.8–2.9 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V- shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, com- pressed, denticulate ventrally, with lateral lobes at base, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus brown; mesonotum pale or dark; thoracic venter entirely dark; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Virginia, Fairfax Co., Mt. Vernon, 28 II 1915 (McAtee), (USNM). Figure 71. E. obliqua (Say). a1, a2 – color variation; e; – pygofer lobe and dorsal process in dorsal view; e1, e2 – from Young, 1952b. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 281 Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. 73. Erythridula fulvocephala (Robinson, 1924) (Fig. 73) Erythroneura fulvocephala Robinson, 1924b:155 Erythroneura xanthocephala Robinson, 1924d:220, unjust.emend. Erythroneura (Erythridula) xanthocephala Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) lianae Hepner, 1976b:125, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) fretoides Hepner, 1977c:364, syn.n. Erythridula fulvocephala Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.8–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe angulate. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, compressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, parallel to each other on ventral side of aedeagus; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; general color pattern dull yellow; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., (Lawson), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and Eastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Aesculus sp., Ulmus spp., Ilex deciduas, Quercus spp., Cercis canadensis. Figure 72. E. varia (McAtee). a – holotype. Figure 73. E. fulvocephala (Robinson). Vol. 38 Art.6282 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 74. Erythridula bicornis (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 74) Erythroneura bicornis Beamer, 1930b:450 Erythroneura (Erythridula) bicornis Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula bicornis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; prea- trium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round or compressed, smooth or denticulate ventrally, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ven- tral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, slightly divergent, ap- pressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Johnson Co., 30 III 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown; collected on Carpinus sp., Carya ovata, Cercis canadensis, Quercus spp., Ulmus americana. 75. Erythridula obvia (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 75) Erythroneura obvia Beamer, 1930b:439 Erythroneura (Erythridula) obvia Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) chandleri Hepner, 1976c:296, syn.n. Erythridula obvia Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 3–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, about as long as or longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in cross section, smooth, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus dark; thoracic venter entirely dark; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Arkansas, Polk Co., 21 VIII 1928 (Beamer), (KSEM). Figure 74. E. bicornis (Beamer). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 283 Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown; collected on Ilex decidua, Aesculus sp., Quercus spp. 76. Erythridula minuta (Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 76) Erythroneura minuta Johnson, 1935a:93 Erythroneura fragilis Johnson, 1935a:93, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) minuta Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) garretsoni Hepner, 1976c:295, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) pecanae Hepner, 1976c:297, syn.n. Erythridula minuta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.8–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe angulate. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V- shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, round or compressed, denticulate ventrally, not rarely with large ventral crest, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes short, toothlike, apical, or absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Arkansas, Polk Co., 21 VIII 1928 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Carya spp., Ilex decidua, Acer spp., Carpinus caroliniana, Quercus spp., Notes: The holotype of E. minuta Johnson has the aedeagus with a strong ventral crest (Fig. 76c2), and the holotype of E. fragilis Johnson has the aedeagus with ventral processes originating slightly distad of the base of the shaft. The genitalia of these forms and other taxa here included as junior synonyms intergrade among the specimens examined, both within and among populations, and are therefore considered to represent morphological variants of a single species. Figure 75. E. obvia (Beamer). Figure 76. E. minuta (Johnson). c1–d2 – variation in shape of aedeagal shaft. c2 – holotype. Vol. 38 Art.6284 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 77. Erythridula wyatti sp.n. (Fig. 77) Description: Length 2.7–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point subequal in size or shorter than second; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments, connected to anal tube and pygofer appendages; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, compressed, smooth, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened and emarginate in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, apical, slender. Dorsum pale yellow, with pale orange color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae, midline pale; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum pale with two longitudinal stripes; mesonotum entirely pale; thoracic venter pale; forewings with oblique vittae, without crossbands; clavus with continuous vitta parallel to suture; abdomen pale dorsally. Diagnosis: Similar to E. idonea Beamer, but with compressed aedeagus, broad in lateral view. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Florida, Hamilton Co., Jasper, 11 XII 1949 (Stannard et. al.), (INHS). Studied material: Paratypes 2 , Florida, Hamilton Co., Jasper, 11 XII 1949 (Stannard et. al.), (INHS); 2 , 2 , Florida, Taylor Co., Perry, on Rubus cuneifolius, 17 XII 1949 (Stannard et. al.), (INHS); 1, Florida, Taylor Co., Perry, on Myrica cerifera, 17 XII 1949 (Stannard et. al.), (INHS); 1 , Georgia, Dougherty Co., Albany, 31,578°N 84,156°W, on Rubus sp., 15 VI 1963 (Hepner), (MEM). Distribution: Southeastern USA. Host plants: Rubus cuneifolius. Notes: This species is named in honor of Mr. Wyatt Tapscott of Champaign, Illinois, a participant in the Illinois Natural History Survey's 150th Anniversary Expo. 78. Erythridula lemnisca (McAtee, 1926) (Fig. 78, Plate 1d) Erythroneura abolla var. lemnisca McAtee, 1926c:131 Erythroneura abolla var. lemmisca DeLong & Caldwell, 1937c:70, missp. Erythridula lemnisca Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 3–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point very short, originate closer to basal point; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; Figure 77. E. wyatti sp.n. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 285 preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, depressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; apex broadened and emarginate in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, apical, slender. Dorsum mostly reddish and brownish; vertex brownish; ante- clypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins; mesonotum entirely dark; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewings dark with pale apices; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Champaign Co., Urbana, on Populus sp., 12 VII 1920 (Alexander), (INHS). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Aesculus glabra. 79. Erythridula idonea (Beamer, 1935) (Fig. 79) Erythroneura idonea Beamer, 1935a:100 Erythroneura gargantua Johnson, 1935a:81 Erythroneura (Erythridula) idonea Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula idonea Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 3.4–3.7 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point very short; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped liga- ments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossec- tion, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, apical, slender. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Arkansas, Searcy Co., Marshall, 22 III 1931 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Aesculus glabra, A. octandra. Notes: The slide with holotype genitalia is missing. Figure 78. E. lemnisca (McAtee). a – holotype. Figure 79. E. idonea (Beamer). b – from Young, 1952b. Vol. 38 Art.6286 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 80. Erythridula beckiae (Hepner, 1978) (Fig. 80) Erythroneura (Erythridula) beckiae Hepner, 1978a:131 Erythridula beckiae Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.8–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, tooth- like; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in cros- section, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex angulate in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, subapical, long, flattened, triangular. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., State College, on Ilex decidua, 21 VI 1963 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Known only from the type locality in Mississippi. Host plants: Ilex decidua. 81. Erythridula crevecoeuri (Gillette, 1898) (Fig. 81, Plate 1f) Typhlocyba crevecoeuri Gillette, 1898a:767 Typhlocyba crevecouri Osborn, 1905d:274, missp. Erythroneura crevecoeuri Van Duzee, 1916a:77 Erythroneura crevicoeuri Brimley, 1938a:98, missp. Erythroneura (Erythridula) crevecoeuri Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula crevecoeuri Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 3–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, depressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened and emarginate in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, apical, slender. Dorsum mainly reddish brown; vertex unicolorous, yellow; anteclypeus pale; pronotum brown with pale lateral margins; mesonotum entirely dark; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewings dark with pale apices; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Pottawatomie Co., Onaga, among leaves in timber, Figure 80. E. beckiae (Hepner). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 287 early spring, (Crevecoeur), (USNM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Aesculus glabra. 82. Erythridula malleiformis (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 82) Erythroneura malleiformis Beamer, 1930b:449 Erythroneura (Erythridula) malleiformis Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula malleiformis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, depressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened and emarginate in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, apical, slender. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Cherokee Co., 1928, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Prunus lanata. Figure 81. E. crevecoeuri (Gillette). Figure 82. E. malleiformis (Beamer). Vol. 38 Art.6288 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 83. Erythridula meridiana (Hepner, 1977) (Fig. 83) Erythroneura (Erythridula) meridiana Hepner, 1977b:53 Erythridula meridiana Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.9–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus triangular, without sclerotized connection to anal tube or pygofer appendages; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex bifid in ventral view; ventral pro- cesses absent; distal processes long, apical, flattened. Dorsum yellow, color pattern absent; usually with brownish stripe along entire dorsum; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Florida, Highlands Co., Sebring, on Quercus sp., 28 XII 1960 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Known only from the type locality in Florida. Host plants: Quercus sp. 84. Erythridula zephyr (Ross & DeLong, 1953) (Fig. 84) Erythroneura zephyr Ross & DeLong, 1953a:84 Erythroneura (Erythridula) velutinae Hepner, 1977b:51, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) newtonensis Hepner, 1978a:133, syn.n. Erythridula zephyr Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.9–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, tooth- like; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points. Angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus triangular, without sclerotized connec- tion to anal tube or pygofer appendages; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened and emarginate in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, apical, flattened. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Williamson Co., N. Marion, on Quercus imbricaria, Figure 83. E. meridiana (Hepner). a2 – holotype. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 289 21 IX 1950 (Ross & Evers), (INHS). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Quercus imbricaria, Q. velutina, and other species of Quercus. 85. Erythridula ilicis (Ross, 1953) (Fig. 85) Erythroneura ilicis Ross, 1953b:189 Erythroneura illicis Ross, 1953b:188, missp. Erythroneura (Erythridula) navoides Hepner, 1977b:50, syn.n. Erythridula ilicis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 3–3.4 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex bifid in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, apical, slender. Coloration usual for genus; ground color brownish yellow; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdo- men dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Johnson Co., Grantsburg, on Ilex decidua, 31 VIII 1951 (Richards & Ross), (INHS). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Ilex decidua. Figure 84. E. zephyr (Ross & DeLong). b, c1, d – from Ross & DeLong, 1953a; c2 – holotype, E. velutinae Hepner. Figure 85. E. ilicis (Ross). b–d – from Ross, 1953b. Vol. 38 Art.6290 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 86. Erythridula parvispicata (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 86) Erythroneura parvispicata Beamer, 1930b:435 Erythroneura parvaspicata Beamer, 1935a:100, missp. Erythroneura cavena Auten & Johnson, 1936a:61, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) parvispicata Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura florida Ross & DeLong, 1953a:82, syn.n. Erythridula parvispicata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S pos- terior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight or slightly curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round or compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex bifid in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, apical, slender, compressed. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Arkansas, Polk Co., 21 VIII 1928 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Quercus nigra, Q. phellos, and other species of Quercus. Notes: The holotype was collected on 21 VIII 1928, not on 21 II 1928 as stated in the original publication. The distal processes of the aedeagus of the holotype of E. cavena Auten & Johnson (Fig. 86c2) are more strongly compressed than usual, but this variation appears to be intraspecific. 87. Erythridula insigna (Beamer & Griffith, 1935) (Fig. 87) Erythroneura insigna Beamer & Griffith, 1935a:17 Erythroneura (Erythridula) insigna Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) vartyi Hepner, 1977b:51, syn.n. Erythridula insigna Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.8–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior mar- gin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less Figure 86. E. parvispicata (Beamer). c2 – aedaegus of E. cavena, Auten & Johnson. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 291 than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened and emarginate in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, apical, flattened, with two points. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , Canada, British Columbia, Vernon, 5 VIII 1931 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Northwestern, central, and eastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Malus sp. 88. Erythridula cornipes (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 88) Erythroneura cornipes Beamer, 1930b:449 Erythroneura (Erythridula) cornipes Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula cornipes Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus triangular, without sclerotized connection to anal tube or pygofer appendages; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex bifid in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, apical, flattened. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Anderson Co., 29 XI 1927 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Quercus alba, Q. muehlenbergii, Q. imbricaria, Q. velutina, and other species of Quercus. Notes: The holotype was collected on 29 XI 1927, not on 26 XI 1927 as stated in the original publication. Figure 87. E. insigna (Beamer & Griffith). Figure 88. E. cornipes (Beamer). Vol. 38 Art.6292 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 89. Erythridula falcata (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 89) Erythroneura falcata Beamer, 1930b:432 Erythroneura (Erythridula) falcata Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) ilexae Hepner, 1976d:315, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) rolandi Hepner, 1977c:364, syn.n. Erythridula falcata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.9–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedea- gal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, divergent at right angle, expanded at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Johnson Co., 30 III 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Ilex decidua. Notes: The holotype of E. rolandi Hepner is a specimen with the ventral processes of the aedeagus broken. 90. Erythridula herberti (Hepner, 1976) (Fig. 90) Erythroneura (Erythridula) herberti Hepner, 1976d:312 Erythridula herberti Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point broad, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; prea- trium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small comperssed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, divergent at right angle, expanded at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Figure 89. E. falcata (Beamer). a1, a2 – color variations; b–d – from Ross, 1953b. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 293 Type locality: Holotype, USA, Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., Starkville, on Quercus stellata, 8 VIII 1962 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Ilex decidua. 91. Erythridula acutalis (Ross & DeLong, 1953) (Fig. 91) Erythroneura acutalis Ross & DeLong, 1953a:83 Erythridula acutalis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.8 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped liga- ments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slen- der in lateral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Florida, Hamilton Co., White Springs, 11 XII 1949 (Stannard et. al.), (INHS). Distribution: Known only from the type locality in Florida. Host plants: Unknown. Figure 90. E. herberti (Hepner). a – holotype. Figure 91. E. acutalis (Ross & DeLong). b–c – from Ross and DeLong, 1953a Vol. 38 Art.6294 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 92. Erythridula cotidiana (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 92) Erythroneura cotidiana Beamer, 1930b:433 Erythroneura (Erythridula) cotidiana Young, 1952b:82 Erythroneura (Erythridula) adae Hepner, 1977c:363, syn.n. Erythridula cotidiana Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, tooth- like; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatri- um shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes absent. Dorsum dull yellow, with reddish or brownish color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae or with large basal dark area; anteclypeus pale; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins; mesonotum entirely dark; thoracic venter pale; forewings with oblique vittae; clavus mainly dark; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Oklahoma, Pushmataha Co., Tuskahoma, 23 V 1928 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. 93. Erythridula tenebrosa (Knull, 1946) (Fig. 93) Erythroneura tenebrosa Knull, 1946a:48 Erythroneura (Erythridula) tenebrosa Young, 1952b:84 Erythroneura (Erythridula) fagiphylla Hepner, 1977a:254, syn.n. Erythridula tenebrosa Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, evenly divergent; distal Figure 92. E. cotidiana (Beamer). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 295 processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale, thoracic venter with dark mesoster- num, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Delaware Co., 30 IV 1944 (Knull), (OSU). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Fagus grandifolia. Notes: The holotype of E. fagiphylla Hepner is missing; paratypes of the species from Hepner’s collection were studied. 94. Erythridula tenuispica (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 94) Erythroneura tenuispica Beamer, 1930b:444 Erythroneura (Erythridula) tenuispica Young, 1952b:84 Erythroneura (Erythridula) caryaglabrae Hepner, 1977a:250, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) parrotti Hepner, 1977a:251, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) rosenkranzi Hepner, 1977a:254, syn.n. Erythridula tenuispica Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.8–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S pos- terior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., 1927, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Carpinus sp. Notes: The holotypes of E. caryaglabrae Hepner, E. parrotti Hepner, and E. rosenkranzi Hepner are missing; paratypes of those species from Hepner’s collection were studied. Figure 93. E. tenebrosa (Knull). Figure 94. E. tenuispica (Beamer). Vol. 38 Art.6296 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 95. Erythridula rugosae (Ross & DeLong, 1953) (Fig. 95) Erythroneura rugosae Ross & DeLong, 1953a:80 Erythridula rugosae Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.7–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; prea- trium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with dorsal carina; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Pope Co., Dixon Springs, on Alnus rugosa, 15 VII 1948 (Mills & Ross), (INHS). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Alnus rugosa. 96. Erythridula kanza (Robinson, 1924) (Fig. 96) Erythroneura kanza Robinson, 1924a:58 Erythroneura kansa Medler, 1943a:150, missp. Erythroneura (Erythridula) kanza Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula kanza Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; prea- trium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsally, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Dorsum dull yellow, with reddish color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae; ante- clypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins; mesonotum pale or dark; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; forewings with oblique vit- tae, sometimes fused together; abdomen dark dorsally. Figure 95. E. rugosae (Ross & DeLong). a – holotype; b–d2 – from Ross & DeLong, 1953a. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 297 Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., (Lawson), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and northeastern USA. Host plants: Ulmus americana, Ilex decidua. 97. Erythridula spatulata (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 97) Erythroneura spatulata Beamer, 1930b:444 Erythroneura decorata Auten & Johnson, 1936a:63, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) spatulata Young, 1952b:84 Erythridula spatulata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, depressed, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex rounded in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes short, toothlike, apical, or absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Johnson Co., 30 III 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Crataegus spp. Notes: E. decorata Auten & Johnson was described as having the aedeagal processes arising from the base of the shaft, but this appears to be some contaminant particles embedded in the balsam of the holotype slide. Figure 96. E. kanza (Robinson). a1, a2 – color variations. Figure 97. E. spatulata (Beamer). Vol. 38 Art.6298 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 98. Erythridula frisoni (Ross & DeLong, 1953) (Fig. 98) Erythroneura frisoni Ross & DeLong, 1953a:80 Erythroneura (Erythridula) pagodifoliae Hepner, 1977b:52, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) rubiphylla Hepner, 1977b:52, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) leucophylla Hepner, 1977b:55, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) joanneae Hepner, 1978a:133, syn.n. Erythridula frisoni Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, USA, Illinois, Gallatin Co., Gibsonia, 2 X 1934 (Frison & Ross), (INHS). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Quercus pagoda. Notes: The original description of E. rubiphylla Hepner, erroneously states that the aedeagal pro- cesses arise at the base of the shaft. 99. Erythridula sinua (Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 99) Erythroneura sinua Johnson, 1935a:82 Erythroneura extima Beamer, 1939a:29, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) sinua Young, 1952b:84 Erythridula sinua Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.8–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point very short; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small comperssed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, slightly divergent, ap- Figure 98. E. frisoni (Ross & DeLong). b–d1 – from Ross & DeLong, 1953a; d2 – holotype, E. leucophylla Hepner. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 299 pressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Pickaway Co., 31 III 1934 (Caldwell), (OSU). Distribution: Northwestern, central, and eastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Prunus virginiana. 100. Erythridula normanti (Hepner, 1976) (Fig. 100) Erythroneura (Erythridula) normanti Hepner, 1976b:120 Erythroneura (Erythridula) ulmarubrae Hepner, 1976d:313, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) ulmarubae Hepner, 1976d:310, missp. Erythroneura (Erythridula) extimoides Hepner, 1976d:314, syn.n. Erythridula normanti Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.6–2.7 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, depressed, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex rounded in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Brown Co., Siloam Springs, 29 IV 1960 (Ross & Cun- ningham), (INHS). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Ilex decidua, Ulmus alata. Notes: Ventral processes of aedeagus of E. normanti Hepner and E. ulmarubrae Hepner arise at the apex of aedeagal shaft, not at the base as erroneously described in the original publications. Figure 99. E. sinua (Johnson). a1, a2 – color variations. Figure 100. E. normanti (Hepner). Vol. 38 Art.6300 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 101. Erythridula nigriphylla (Hepner, 1977) (Fig. 101) Erythroneura (Erythridula) nigriphylla Hepner, 1977b:54 Erythroneura (Erythridula) phelliphylla Hepner, 1977b:54, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) cautoides Hepner, 1977c:363, syn.n. Erythridula nigriphylla Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with dis- tinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedea- gal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., State College, cage #239, 28 VII 1967 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Quercus nigra, Q. phellos. Notes: The holotype was reared in cage #239 in 1967, not in cage #401 in 1964 as stated in the original publication. 102. Erythridula rhododendronae (Hepner, 1978), emend. . (Fig. 102) Erythroneura (Erythridula) rhodedendronae Hepner, 1978a:134 Erythridula rhodedendronae Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.8 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with dis- tinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral Figure 101. E. nigriphylla (Hepner). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 301 processes arising near apex of shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Tennessee, Henderson Co., Lexington, on Rhododendron sp., 3 VII 1963 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Known only from the type locality in Tennessee. Host plants: Unknown; the holotype was recorded from Rhododendron sp. Notes: In the original publication Hepner (1987a) misspelled the host plant name as “Rhodeden- dron sp.” and proposed a new species name based on this misspelling. According to the Article 32.5.1 (ICZN, 1999) the spelling must be corrected as indicated above. 103. Erythridula verdana (Ross & DeLong, 1953) (Fig. 103) Erythroneura verdana Ross & DeLong, 1953a:81 Erythridula verdana Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 3.3 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, com- pressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, divergent only at apex; dis- tal processes absent. Dorsum pale yellow, unicolorous, only apex of clavus bright red; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountain National Park, Alum Cave Area, 1 IX 1948 (Ross & Stannard), (INHS). Distribution: Southeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. Figure 102. E. rhododendronae (Hepner). a – holotype. Figure 103. E. verdana (Ross & DeLong). a – holotype; b–d2 – from Ross & DeLong, 1953a. Vol. 38 Art.6302 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 104. Erythridula victorialis (Knull, 1946) (Fig. 104) Erythroneura victorialis Knull, 1946a:49 Erythroneura (Erythridula) victorialis Young, 1952b:84 Erythroneura (Erythridula) floridoides Hepner, 1978a:133, syn.n. Erythridula victorialis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 3.1–3.4 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half dis- tance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, divergent only at apex; distal processes absent. Dorsum pale yellow with bright red V-shaped color pattern on forewings; anteclypeus pale; notum pale; thoracic venter pale; forewings with oblique vittae more bright on clavus; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Tennessee, Sevier Co., Great Smoky Mountain National Park, 1500–1850 m, on Vaccinium sp., 14 VI 1942 (Knull), (OSU). Distribution: Eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Vaccinium sp. 105. Erythridula aenea (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 105) Erythroneura aenea Beamer, 1930b:436 Erythroneura (Erythridula) aenea Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula aenea Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 3.1–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preat- rium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dor- sal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, evenly divergent; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., 1927, (Beamer), (KSEM). Figure 104. E. victorialis (Knull). a1, a2 – color variations. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 303 Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Gleditsia triacanthos. 106. Erythridula diffisa (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 106, Plate 1a) Erythroneura diffisa Beamer, 1930b:434 Erythroneura (Erythridula) diffisa Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula diffisa Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 3.2–3.5 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points more than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped liga- ments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossec- tion, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus brown; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., 1927, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Gleditsia triacanthos. Figure 105. E. aenea (Beamer). b – from Young, 1952b. Figure 106. E. diffisa (Beamer). Vol. 38 Art.6304 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 107. Erythroneura inconspicua Johnson, 1935) (Fig. 107) Erythroneura inconspicua Johnson, 1935a:90 Erythroneura (Erythridula) inconspicua Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula inconspicua Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.9–3.0 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex rounded in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, diver- gent only at apex; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Fulton Co., Oak Openings Park, 24 VI 1934 (Auten), (OSU). Distribution: Known from the type locality in Ohio. Host plants: Unknown. 108. Erythridula jocosa (Beamer, 1935) (Fig. 108) Erythroneura jocosa Beamer, 1935a:101 Erythroneura (Erythridula) jocosa Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) lyratiphylla Hepner, 1977b:55, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) quadratoides Hepner, 1977b:51, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) quadritoides Hepner, 1977b:50, missp. Erythridula jocosa Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 3–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S pos- terior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, depressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex rounded in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Anderson Co., 9 IX 1927 (Beamer), (KSEM). Figure 107. E. inconspicua (Johnson). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 305 Distribution: Central and southeastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Quercus ellipsoidalis, Q. nigra, Q. lyrata, and other species of Quercus. Notes: E. quadratoides Hepner was described based on a specimen with broken ventral aedeagal processes. 109. Erythridula cuneata (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 109) Erythroneura cuneata Beamer, 1930b:433 Erythroneura stulta Auten & Johnson, 1936a:64, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) cuneata Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula cuneata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 3–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium about as long as shaft. Aedeagal shaft curved dorsad , broad in lat- eral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes short, toothlike, apical, or absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Oklahoma, Le Flore Co., 21 V 1928 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Diospyros virginiana. Figure 108. E. jocosa (Beamer). Figure 109. E. cuneata (Beamer). Vol. 38 Art.6306 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 110. Erythridula scytha (Auten & Johnson, 1936) (Fig. 110) Erythroneura scytha Auten & Johnson, 1936a:61 Erythroneura (Erythridula) scytha Young, 1952b:84 Erythroneura (Erythridula) bowmanorum Hepner, 1977c:362, syn.n. Erythridula scytha Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.9–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with dis- tinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes placed basally, close to shaft, shorter than shaft, small toothlike; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Georgia, DeKalb Co., Decatur, 8 X 1933 (Auten), (OSU). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. Notes: The holotype was collected on 8 X 1933, not on 8 V 1933 as stated in the original publica- tion. 111. Erythridula albescens (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 111) Erythroneura albescens Beamer, 1930b:443 Erythroneura (Erythridula) albescens Young, 1952b:82 Erythroneura (Erythridula) kennethi Hepner, 1976c:298, syn.n. Erythridula albescens Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 3–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, small toothlike, or absent; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter entirely pale or dark; abdomen pale dorsally. Figure 110. E. scytha (Auten & Johnson). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 307 Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Cherokee Co., 1928, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Quercus ellipsoidalis, Q. imbricaria, Q. palustris, Q. marilandica, Q. pagoda. 112. Erythridula ampla (Knull, 1951) (Fig. 112) Erythroneura ampla Knull, 1951c:179 Erythroneura (Erythridula) ampla Young, 1952b:120 Erythroneura (Erythridula) clydei Hepner, 1977c:363, syn.n. Erythridula ampla Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, tooth- like; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and broad in lateral view, compressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral and distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Delaware Co., 25 III 1945 (Knull), (OSU). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Carya cordiformis. Notes: The holotype of E. clydei Hepner has the aedeagal shaft more slender than usual in lateral view, but this variation is considered to be intraspecific. Figure 111. E. albescens (Beamer). c2, d2 – aedeagus of E. kennethi Hepner. Figure 112. E. ampla (Knull). Vol. 38 Art.6308 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 113. Erythridula freta (Knull, 1951) (Fig. 113) Erythroneura freta Knull, 1951c:179 Erythroneura (Erythridula) freta Young, 1952b:120 Erythroneura (Erythridula) clarysae Hepner, 1976c:299, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) gladysae Hepner, 1976d:315, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) odettae Hepner, 1977c:362, syn.n. Erythridula freta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior mar- gin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and broad in lateral view, compressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, small toothlike, or absent; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Delaware Co., 25 III 1945 (Knull), (OSU). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Unknown. 114. Erythridula lasteri (Hepner, 1977) (Fig. 114) Erythroneura (Erythridula) lasteri Hepner, 1977a:248 Erythridula lasteri Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.9–3 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; prea- trium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, lobelike; distal processes absent. Color- ation usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Neotype, USA, Mississippi, Madison Co., Canton, 29 I 1963 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Mississippi. Host plants: Quercus lyrata. Figure 113. E. freta (Knull). d1, d2 – variation in shape of aedeagal shaft. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 309 Notes: All holotypes of the species described by Hepner (1977a) were apparently lost during ship- ment to INHS. The neotype is here designated to stabilize the concept of this species. 115. Erythridula enata (Knull, 1951) (Fig. 115) Erythroneura enata Knull, 1951c:179 Erythroneura (Erythridula) enata Young, 1952b:120 Erythroneura (Erythridula) hamlinorum Hepner, 1977c:362, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) hildae Hepner, 1977c:362, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) cliftoni Hepner, 1977c:363, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) collinsi Hepner, 1977c:364, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) shanklandi Hepner, 1978a:137, syn.n. Erythridula enata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 3–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S pos- terior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, small toothlike; distal processes short, toothlike, apical, or absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Ohio, Delaware Co., 25 III 1945 (Knull), (OSU). Distribution: Central USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Carya tomentosa, Betula alleghaniensis, B. papyrifera. Figure 114. E. lasteri (Hepner). Figure 115. E. enata (Knull). Vol. 38 Art.6310 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 116. Erythridula cauta (Beamer, 1935) (Fig. 116) Erythroneura cauta Beamer, 1935a:100 Erythroneura alternata Johnson, 1935a:72 Erythroneura (Erythridula) cauta Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula cauta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.9–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with long compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral and distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Louisiana, Grant Co., Colfax, 23 XII 1931 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Carya illinoinensis. 117. Erythridula lyratae (Ross & DeLong, 1953) (Fig. 117) Erythroneura lyratae Ross & DeLong, 1953a:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) mccomasi Hepner, 1978a:138, syn.n. Erythridula lyratae Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.9–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, depressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, small toothlike; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Johnson Co., Grantsburg, on Quercus lyrata, 31 VIII 1951 (Richards & Ross), (INHS). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Quercus lyrata. Figure 116. E. cauta (Beamer). a1, a2 – color pattern variations. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 311 Notes: The holotype was collected on 31 VIII 1951, not on 17 VIII 1951 as stated in the original publication. 118. Erythridula rufostigmosa (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 118) Erythroneura rufostigmosa Beamer, 1930b:429 Erythroneura rufostigmosa var. subnubila Beamer, 1930b:429, syn.n. Erythroneura subnila Johnson, 1935a:52, missp. Erythroneura (Erythridula) rufostigmosa Young, 1952b:84 Erythridula rufostigmosa Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.9–3.1 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendage with dorsal tooth or hump. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened and emarginate in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Dorsum yellowish with red and brown color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae or with large basal dark area, often extended onto pronotum, vertex midline pale or dark; an- teclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins; mesonotum entirely dark; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale. Forewings with oblique vit- tae, often fused together, or without oblique vittae; clavus largely or entirely bright red or brown; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Arkansas, Scott Co., on Salix sp., 24 VIII 1928 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Salix babylonica, S. interior, S. nigra, and other species of Salix. Figure 117. E. lyratae (Ross & DeLong). b–e – from Ross & DeLong, 1953a; d1, d2 – variation in shape of ventral processes of aedeagus. Figure 118. E. rufostigmosa (Beamer). a1–a3 – color variations: a1 – paratype, E. rufostig- mosa Beamer, a2 – color var. subnubila Beamer. Vol. 38 Art.6312 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 119. Erythridula volucris (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 119) Erythroneura volucris Beamer, 1930a:445 Erythroneura (Erythridula) volucris Young, 1952b:84 Erythroneura tura Ross & DeLong, 1953a:84, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) tomaneki Hepner, 1977c:359, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) lauriphylla Hepner, 1978a:134, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) penetura Hepner, 1978a:135, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) turoides Hepner, 1978a:135, syn.n. Erythridula volucris Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.9–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendage with dorsal tooth or hump. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, about as long as distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V- shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round or depressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength or near apex of shaft, small toothlike, or absent; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdo- men pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Anderson Co., 29 XI 1927 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Quercus phellos, Q. lyrata, Q. nigra, Q. chapmanii, and other species of Quercus. Notes: Multiple taxa described by Hepner and here treated as synonyms appear to have been based on intraspecific variation in the position and shape of the ventral and distal processes of the aedeagus. Figure 119. E. volucris (Beamer). b, c1, d1 – from Ross & DeLong, 1953a; d2 – aedeagus of E. penetura Hepner; d3 – paratype, E. laur- iphylla Hepner. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 313 120. Erythridula similalis (Ross & DeLong, 1953) (Fig. 120) Erythroneura similalis Ross & DeLong, 1953a:82 Erythridula similalis Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.8–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, tooth- like; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex bifid in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Dorsum yellow with redish and brownish color pattern; vertex with large basal dark area, extended onto pronotum; vertex midline dark; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum dark with pale lat- eral margins; mesonotum entirely dark; thoracic venter pale; forewings with oblique vittae, clavus largely bright red or brown; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Florida, Levy Co., Chiefland, on Quercus myrtifolia, 17 XII 1949 (Stannard et. al.), (INHS). Distribution: Northern Florida. Host plants: Quercus chapmanii, Q. myrtifolia. 121. Erythridula abolla (McAtee, 1920) (Fig. 121) Erythroneura abolla McAtee, 1920a:285 Erythroneura abolla var. iconica McAtee, 1920a:287, syn.n. Erythroneura abolla var. accensa McAtee, 1920a:288, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) abolla Young, 1952b:82 Erythroneura (Erythridula) paramera Hepner, 1978a:137, syn.n. Erythridula abolla Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.8–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior mar- gin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round or compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, Figure 120. E. similalis (Ross & DeLong). b, c – from Ross & DeLong, 1953a. Vol. 38 Art.6314 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin small toothlike; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Dorsum usually brownish red with pale apices of forewings; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter entirely pale or with dark mesosternum; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Virginia, Fairfax Co., Mt. Vernon, 28 II 1915 (Jackson), (USNM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. Notes: The holotype is a male (not previously dissected), not a female as stated in the original publication. 122. Erythridula penelutea (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 122) Erythroneura penelutea Beamer, 1930b:427 Erythroneura (Erythridula) penelutea Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) morelandi Hepner, 1976d:316, syn.n. Erythridula penelutea Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.7–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; aedeagal shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, small toothlike; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Figure 121. E. abolla (McAtee). a2 – holotype E. iconica McAtee; c1–d2 – variations in shape of ventral processes of aedeagus. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 315 Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., 1 V 1926 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southeastern Canada. Host plants: Unknown; collected on Ilex decidua, Carpinus caroliniana, Carya spp., Quercus spp. 123. Erythridula scissa (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 123) Erythroneura scissa Beamer, 1930b:448 Erythroneura (Erythridula) scissa Young, 1952b:84 Erythroneura (Erythridula) hamiltoni Hepner, 1977b:52, syn.n. Erythridula scissa Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 2.7–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with dis- tinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened and emarginate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, small toothlike or absent; distal pro- cesses short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Arkansas, Scott Co., 23 VIII 1928 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Carpinus caroliniana. Figure 122. E. penelutea (Beamer). Figure 123. E. scissa (Beamer). d2 – aedeagus of E. hamiltoni Hepner. Vol. 38 Art.6316 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 124. Erythridula eluta (McAtee, 1920) (Fig. 124) Erythroneura obliqua var. eluta McAtee, 1920a:277 Erythroneura eluta Beamer, 1930b:420 Erythroneura contrasta Auten & Johnson, 1936a:62, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) eluta Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) carmiensis Hepner, 1976d:316, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) davichi Hepner, 1977a:248, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) mitlini Hepner, 1977a:250, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) saileri Hepner, 1977a:253, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) coleyi Hepner, 1977a:254, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) cuneatoides Hepner, 1977c:364, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) pietersi Hepner, 1978a:137, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) verae Hepner, 1978a:138, syn.n. Erythridula eluta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 2.9–3.2 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S pos- terior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex angulate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, small toothlike; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Indiana, Benton Co., Oxford, 1 XI 1914 (McAtee), (USNM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA, southern Canada. Host plants: Carpinus sp., Carya cordiformis, C. ovata, C. ovalis, C. tomentosa, C. illinoinensis. Notes: Multiple taxa described by Hepner and here treated as synonyms appear to represent intraspecific variation in the placement and shape of the ventral processes of the aedeagus. The holotypes of E. coleyi Hepner, E. davichi Hepner, E. mitlini Hepner, E. saileri Hepner are lost. The holotype of E. contrasta Auten & Johnson has the ventral processes of the aedeagus short, not long as described in the original publication. Figure 124. E. eluta (McAtee). a2 – holotype. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 317 125. Erythridula vinaria (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 125) Erythroneura vinaria Beamer, 1930b:426 Erythroneura (Erythridula) vinaria Young, 1952b:84 Erythridula vinaria Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:131 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes small, narrow, extended dorsomesad. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped liga- ments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes aris- ing near midlength of shaft, lobelike; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Dorsum brownish red with darker color pattern; vertex with oblique lateral vittae, midline pale; anteclypeus brown; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins or pale with two longitudinal stripes; mesonotum entirely dark; thoracic venter entirely dark; forewings with oblique vittae, often fussed together; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Anderson Co., 26 XI 1927 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Tilia americana. 126. Erythridula atrimucronata (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 126) Erythroneura atrimucronata Beamer, 1930b:424 Erythroneura (Erythridula) atrimucronata Young, 1952b:82 Erythroneura (Erythridula) leforsorum Hepner, 1977c:360, syn.n. Erythridula atrimucronata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 3.1–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; shaft usually with lateral lobes, ventral processes arising near midlength of shaft, small toothlike; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Dorsum reddish or brownish; vertex with large basal dark brown area, extended onto pronotum; anteclypeus pale, concolor- Figure 125. E. vinaria (Beamer). Vol. 38 Art.6318 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin ous with rest of face; pronotum dark with pale lateral margins; mesonotum entirely dark; thoracic venter pale; forewings almost entirely reddish brown with pale laterobasal corners; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Johnson Co., 30 III 1929 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Ilex decidua. 127. Erythridula coarctata (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 127) Erythroneura coarctata Beamer, 1930b:436 Erythroneura (Erythridula) coarctata Young, 1952b:82 Erythroneura (Erythridula) barnesae Hepner, 1976d:313, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) curtaega Hepner, 1976d:313, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) maryae Hepner, 1976d:313, syn.n. Erythridula coarctata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.8–3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S poste- rior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point short; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V- shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex rounded in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Cherokee Co., 1927, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. Notes: The basal processes of the aedeagus of the holotype of E. barnesae Hepner arise at the apex of the shaft, not at the base as described in the original publication. Figure 126. E. atrimucronata (Beamer). b–d – from Ross, 1953b. Figure 127. E. coarctata (Beamer). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 319 128. Erythridula modica (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 128, Plate 1h) Erythroneura modica Beamer, 1930b:448 Erythroneura (Erythridula) modica Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula modica Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.6–2.8 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped liga- ments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round in cros- section, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex emarginate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, small toothlike; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Texas, Harris Co., 13 VIII 1928 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and eastern USA. Host plants: Carpinus caroliniana. 129. Erythridula gleditsia (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 129) Erythroneura gleditsia Beamer, 1930b:437 Erythroneura (Erythridula) gleditsia Young, 1952b:83 Erythroneura (Erythridula) clavatoides Hepner, 1978a:131, syn.n. Erythridula gleditsia Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:128 Description: Length 3.2–3.6 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex very short, toothlike; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points more than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex rounded in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft; distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Oklahoma, Le Flore Co., 24 V 1928 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Gleditsia triacanthos, Aesculus sp. Figure 128. E. modica (Beamer). a1, a2 – color variations. Vol. 38 Art.6320 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 130. Erythridula clavata (DeLong, 1916) (Fig. 130) Typhlocyba obliqua var. clavata DeLong, 1916a:105 Erythroneura obliqua var. clavata Van Duzee, 1917b:715 Erythroneura torra Robinson, 1924b:155 Erythroneura clavata Johnson, 1935a:52 Erythroneura (Erythridula) clavata Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula clavata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 3–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apo- deme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened and truncate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, small tooth- like; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus brown; tho- racic venter entirely pale or dark; forewings with oblique vittae, vittae on clavus usually brighter than those on corium; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype, sex unknown, Tennessee, Montgomery Co., Clarksville, 29 VI 1915 (DeLong), (OSU). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Gleditsia triacanthos. Notes: The holotype is lost. Figure 129. E. gleditsia (Beamer). Figure 130. E. clavata (DeLong). Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 321 131. Erythridula quadrata (Beamer, 1930) (Fig. 131) Erythroneura quadrata Beamer, 1930b:435 Erythroneura caldwelli Johnson, 1935a:69, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) quadrata Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula quadrata Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:130 Description: Length 3–3.3 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reach 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe round- ed. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points more than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, round or depressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral processes arising near apex of shaft, slightly divergent, appressed to sides of aedeagal shaft or small toothlike; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus brown; thoracic venter with dark mesosternum, remainder pale; abdomen dark dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Kansas, Douglas Co., 1927, (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Central USA. Host plants: Gleditsia triacanthos. 132. Erythridula juncea (Beamer, 1937) (Fig. 132) Erythroneura juncea Beamer, 1937a:10 Erythroneura (Erythridula) juncea Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula juncea Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.8–2.9 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, slender in lateral view, compressed, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex truncate in ventral view; ventral and distal processes absent. Dorsum yellow, with reddish color pattern; vertex with large basal dark area, extended onto pronotum, midline dark; anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face; pronotum pale with two longitudinal stripes; mesonotum entirely dark; thoracic venter pale; forewings with oblique vittae, vittae on clavus brighter than those on corium; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Florida, Likely, on Quercus sp., 24 VII 1934 (Beamer), (KSEM). Figure 131. E. quadrata (Beamer). d2 – paratype, E. caldwelli Johnson. Vol. 38 Art.6322 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Distribution: Florida. Host plants: Quercus sp. 133. Erythridula apta (Beamer, 1935) (Fig. 133) Erythroneura apta Beamer, 1935a:102 Erythroneura (Erythridula) apta Young, 1952b:82 Erythridula apta Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.4–2.6 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex longer than third; third point very short; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, with small compressed dorsal distal lobe; aedeagal apex acuminate in ventral view; ventral and distal processes absent. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Louisiana, Grant Co., Colfax, 23 XII 1931 (Beamer), (KSEM). Distribution: Unknown. Host plants: Southern central USA. 134. Erythridula nava (Beamer, 1935) (Fig. 134) Erythroneura nava Beamer, 1935a:102 Erythroneura (Erythridula) nava Young, 1952b:83 Erythridula nava Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:129 Description: Length 2.4–2.5 mm. Pygofer lobe rounded. Sec- ond point of style apex well developed. Third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points. Angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Dorsal apodeme Figure 132. E. juncea (Beamer). Figure 133. E. apta (Beamer). a1, a2 – color variations. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 323 of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium shorter than shaft; shaft curved dorsad, broad in lateral view, compressed, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened and rounded in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdomen pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Illinois, Johnson Co., 30 III 1929 (Oman), (KSEM). Distribution: Central and southeastern USA. Host plants: Unknown. 135. Erythridula barbarae (Hepner, 1978) (Fig. 135) Erythroneura (Erythridula) barbarae Hepner, 1978a:134 Erythridula barbarae Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a:127 Description: Length 2.7 mm. 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended beyond 3S posterior margin. Pygofer lobe rounded. Second point of style apex well developed; third point elongate, not longer than half distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points about 90°. Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with distinct V-shaped ligaments; preatrium about as long as shaft; shaft straight and slender in lateral view, round in crossection, without dorsal carina or distal lobe; aedeagal apex broadened and rounded in ventral view; ventral processes absent; distal processes short, toothlike, apical. Coloration usual for genus; anteclypeus pale; thoracic venter pale; abdo- men pale dorsally. Type locality: Holotype , USA, Georgia, Dougherty Co., Albany, on Prunus sp., 15 VI 1963 (Hepner), (INHS). Distribution: Known from the type locality in Georgia. Host plants: Unknown. Figure 134. E. nava (Beamer). Figure 135. E. barbarae (Hepner). a – holotype. Vol. 38 Art.6324 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Genus Alnetoidia Dlabola, 1958c:55 Alnetoidia alneti (Dahlbom, 1850a:181) Erythroneura ador McAtee, 1918b:361, syn.n. Erythroneura (Erythridula) ador Young, 1952b: 82 Erythridula ador Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006a: 127 Notes: E. ador McAtee was previousely placed to Erythridula (Young, 1952b, Dietrich & Dmi- triev, 2006a). The holotype of E. ador McAtee was destroyed by fire in the collection of the Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture; a para- type  from USNM was studied and proved to be a junior synonym of A. alneti Dahlbom. This introduced species is still restricted in North America to Halifax, NS, the type locality of E. ador McAtee (Hamilton, personal communica- tion). ACKNoWlEDGMENTS For lending specimens, we are grateful to Nor- man Penny (California Academy of Sciences), K.G.A. Hamilton (Canadian National Collec- tion, Ottawa), Boris Kondratieff (Colorado State University), Richard Brown (Mississippi State University), Stuart McKamey and Warren Steiner (National Museum of Natural History, Washington), Luciana Musetti and Creighton Freeman (Ohio State University), and Zachary Falin (University of Kansas). Stuart McKamey kindly provided access to his Leafhoppers of the World Database, which included much of the nomenclatural information incorporated into our Erythroneurini database. Unpublished drawings by L.W. Hepner included in this work are used with permission of the Mississippi Entomological Museum. Other previously published drawings reproduced in this work are in the public domain. This work was sup- ported in part by NSF grants DEB0315373 and DEB050529679, and Hatch award ILLU-875- 361 to CHD. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 325 REfERENCES Ackerman, A.J., Isely, D. 1931a. The leaf hop- pers attacking apple in the Ozarks. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dept. Agr. 263:40. Auten, M., Johnson, D.M. 1936a. Some Erythroneura of the obliqua group from Decatur, Georgia (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. America 29:61–65. Baker, C.F. 1925b. Nomenclatorial notes on the Jassoidea, IV. Philippine J. Sci. 27:537. Baker, C.F. 1926a. Nomenclatorial notes on the Jassoidea, V. Philippine J. Sci. 30:347. Beamer, R.H. 1930a. Two Erythroneura (grape leaf hoppers) damaging apple in Kansas. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 3(2): 49–50. Beamer, R.H. 1930b. Some Erythroneura of the obliqua group (Homoptera, Cicadelli- dae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. America 23: 417–456. Beamer, R.H. 1932b. Erythroneura collected on apple with description of a new species. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 5(2): 62–64. Beamer, R.H. 1932i. Some Erythroneura from the Western United States (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 5(4):123–127. Beamer, R.H. 1934b. Notes on leafhoppers (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Canadian Entomologist 66:16–18. Beamer, R.H. 1934d. Two Erythroneura (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 7:96–97. Beamer, R.H. 1935a. Ten new species of Eryth- roneura (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 8(3):98–104. Beamer, R.H. 1937a. Five new species of leaf- hoppers (Homoptera – Cicadellidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 10(1):10–13. Beamer, R.H. 1939a. Four new species of leafhoppers and notes on two others (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 12(1):26–30. Beamer, R.H., Griffith, M.E. 1935a. New Erythroneura of the obliqua group (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 8(1):17–21. Brimley, C.S. 1938a. Order Homoptera. The insects of North Carolina. Being a list of the insects of North Carolina and their close relatives. P. 85–103. Dahlbom, A.G. 1850a. Anteckningar öfver in sekter, som blifvit observerade på Gottland och I en del af Calmare Län, under sommaren 1850. Sven- skaVetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850: 155–229 (179–204). DeLong, D.M. 1916a. The leafhoppers or Jas- soidea of Tennessee. Bull. Tennessee St. Board Entomol. 5(2:17):1–113. DeLong, D.M., Caldwell, J.S. 1937c. Check- list of the Cicadellidae (Homoptera) of America, north of Mexico. Ohio: State University. IV+93 pp. Delong, D.M., and D.J. Knull. 1946a. Check- list of the Cicadellidae (Homoptera) of America, north of Mexico. Grad. School Stud. Ohio State Univ. Biol. Sci. Ser. 1:1–102. Dietrich, C.H., Dmitriev, D.A. 2006a. Re- view of the New World genera of the leafhopper tribe Erythroneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocy- binae). Bull. Illinois Natur. Hist. Surv. 37(5):I–IV +119–190. Dlabola, J. 1958c. A reclassification of Palae- arctic Typhlocybinae (Homopt., Auchenorrh). Casopsis Ceskosloven- ske Spolecnosti Entomologicke 55: 44–57. Dmitriev, D.A. 2006a. 3I, a new program for creating Internet-accessible interactive keys and taxonomic databases and its application for taxonomy of Cicadina (Homoptera). Rus. Entomol. J. 15(3): 263–268. Dmitriev, D.A., Dietrich, C.H. 2003 onward, Web site: Erythroneurini database. Http://ctap.inhs.uiuc.edu/dmitriev/ Dmitriev, D.A., Dietrich, C.H. 2008a. Rapid taxonomic revisions using Internet- integrated relational databases: an example using Erythroneura (sensu lato). Bull. Insectology 61(1):113–114. Dworakowska, I. 1970g. On the genus Ar- boridia Zachv. (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae). Bull. Acad. Polonaise Sci. (Biol.). 18(10): 607–615. Vol. 38 Art.6326 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Fitch, A. 1851a. Catalogue with references and descriptions of the insects collected and arranged for the State Cabinet of Natural History. Ann. Rpt. State Cab. Natur. Hist.4: 43–69. Gillette, C.P. 1898a. American leaf-hoppers of the subfamily Typhlocybinae. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 20(1138):709–773. Gillette, C.P. 1898c. List of original types of species in the superfamily Jassoidea now in the collections of the Colorado Argicultural College and Agricultural Experiment Station. Bull. Colorado Arg. Expt. Sta. 43:30–31. Hepner, L.W. 1976a. Thirteen new species of Erythroneura (Erythridula) (Ho- moptera: Cicadellidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 49(2):204–211. Hepner, L.W. 1976b. Sixteen new species of Erythroneura (Erythridula) from Eastern North America (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). III. J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 11(2):119–126. Hepner, L.W. 1976c. Fifteen new species of Erythroneura (Erythridula) (Ho- moptera, Cicadellidae). II. Florida Entomologist 59(3):293–300. Hepner, L.W. 1976d. Seventeen new species of Erythroneura (Erythridula) (Ho- moptera, Cicadellidae). VI. J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 11(4):309–316. Hepner, L.W. 1977a. Fourteen new species of Erythroneura (Erythridula) (Ho- moptera: Cicadellidae). IV. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 50(2):247–255. Hepner, L.W. 1977b. Fourteen new species of Erythroneura (Erythridula) (Ho- moptera: Cicadellidae). V. Florida Entomologist 60(1):49–56. Hepner, L.W. 1977c. Fifteen new species of Erythroneura (Erythridula) (Ho- moptera, Cicadellidae). VIII. J. Geor- gia Entomol. Soc. 12(4):359–365. Hepner, L.W. 1978a. Sixteen new species of Erythroneura (Erythridula) (Ho- moptera, Cicadellidae). VII. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 51(1):131–139. Horváth, G. 1897b. Homoptera nova ex Hunga- ria. Term. Füzetek 20:620–643. [ICZN] (1999). International code of zoological nomenclature. London: Intern. Trust Zool. Nomenclature. 4th ed. XXIX + 306 pp. Johnson, D.M. 1935a. Leafhoppers of Ohio. Subfamily Typhlocybinae (Ho- moptera: Cicadellidae). Bull. Ohio Biol. Surv. 31:39–122. Johnson, D., Auten, M. 1936a. Omissions and errors. Ann. Entomol. Soc. America. 34(4):818. Knull, D.J. 1945b. Eleven new leafhoppers with notes on others (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio J. Sci. 45(3):103– 110. Knull, D.J. 1946a. Erythroneura of the obliqua group from Ohio and Tennessee (Ho- moptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio J. Sci. 46(1):45–49. Knull, D.J. 1951a. Additions to list of Ohio leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadelli- dae). Ohio J. Sci. 51:16. Knull, D.J. 1951c. Eight new leafhoppers from the United States (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio J. Sci. 51(4):179– 183. Knull, D.J. 1954d. A Frigartus from Califor- nia and an Erythroneura from South Dakota (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Entomol. News. 65(2):37–39. Knull, D.J., Auten, M. 1938a. Some Eryth- roneura from the Southwest (Ho- moptera: Cicadellidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. America. 31:532–539. Lawson, P.B. 1920a. The Cicadellidae of Kan- sas. Sci. Bull. Kansas Univ. 12: 5–306. Lawson, P.B. 1929a. Leafhoppers and the trap light. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 2:39–47. Maw, H.E.L. et al. 2000a. Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. Ottawa: NRC research press, VIII + 220 pp. McAtee W.L. 1918b. Notes on Nova Scotian Eupteryid leafhoppers including de- scriptions of two new species. Canad. Entom. 50:360–361. McAtee, W.L. 1920a. Key to the Nearctic species and varieties of Erythroneura (Homoptera; Eupterygidae). Trans. American Entomol. Soc. 46:267–321, pl. XII. McAtee, W.L. 1924c. Notes on eupterygid leaf- hoppers with descriptions of a few forms (Homoptera). Florida Entomol- ogist 8(3–4):33–39. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 327 McAtee, W.L. 1924d. Records of species of the genus Erythroneura (Homoptera; Eupterygidae) with descriptions of new forms. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton 37:131–134. McAtee, W.L. 1926c. Notes on Homoptera from Illinois, with descriptions of new forms, chiefly Eupteryginae. Bull. Illi- nois Natur. Hist. Surv. 16(3):127–136. McConnell H.S., 1931a. A leafhopper injuring peach. J. Econ. Entomol. 24:560–561. Medler, J.T. 1943a. The leafhoppers of Minne- sota. Homoptera: Cicadellidae. Tech. Bull. Minnesota. Agr. Expt. Sta. 155: 196. Metcalf, Z.P. 1968a. General catalogue of the Homoptera. VI. Cicadelloidea. 17. Cicadellidae. Washington: US Dept. Agr. VII + 1513 pp. Naudé, T.J. 1926a. Cicadellidae of South Af- rica, a taxonomic and faunistic study. Ent. Mem. Union So. Africa Dept. Agr. and Forestry.4:1–106. Osborn, H. 1905d. Report of progress on study of the Hemiptera of Ohio and description of new species. Ohio Nat. 5:273–276. Richards, W.R., Varty, I.W. 1964a. A new species of Erythroneura Fitch (Ho- moptera: Cicadellidae). Canadian Entomologist 96(3):515–516. Robinson, W. 1924a. Some new species of Erythroneura (Homoptera, Cicadel- lidae). Canadian Entomologist 56(3):58–62. Robinson, W. 1924b. Additional new species of Erythroneura (Homoptera, Ci- cadellidae). Canadian Entomologist 56:154–157. Robinson, W. 1924d. A correction. Canadian Entomologist 56:220. Robinson, W. 1926a. The genus Erythroneura north of Mexico (Homoptera, Cicadel- lidae). Kansas. Univ. Sci. Bull. 16(3): 101–155. Ross, H.H. 1953b. Polyphyletic origin of the leafhopper fauna of Ilex decidua. Trans. Illinois Acad. Sci. 16:186–192. Ross, H.H. 1965a. The phylogeny of the leafhopper genus Erythroneura (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae). Zool. Be- itrage 11(1–2):247–270. Ross, H.H., DeLong, D.M. 1953a. Biological and taxonomic notes on Erythroneura (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Ohio J. Sci. 53(2):77–90. Say, T. 1825a. Descriptions of new Hemipter- ous insects collected in the expedition to the Rocky Mountains, performed by order of Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under command of Major Long. J. Acad. Natur. Sci. Philadelphia 4:307–345. Van Duzee, E.P. 1914a. A preliminary list of the Hemiptera of San Diego County, Cali- fornia. Trans. San Diego Soc. Natur. Hist. 2:1–57. Van Duzee, E.P. 1916a. Suborder Homoptera Latr. 1810. Section Auchenorhyncha A. & S. 1843. Check list of Hemiptera (excepting the Aphididae, Aleurodi- dae, and Coccidae) of America North of Mexico. 1916:I–XI, 55–85. Van Duzee, E.P. 1917b. Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico excepting the Aphididae, Coccidae, and Aleurodidae. Entomol. Tech. Bull. California Agr. Expt. Sta. 2:I–XIV, 1–902. Wirtner, P.M. 1904a. A preliminary list of the Hemiptera of western Pennsylvania. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 3:183–232. Young, D.A. 1952b. A reclassification of West- ern Hemisphere Typhlocybinae (Ho- moptera, Cicadellidae). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 35(1:1):3–217. Vol. 38 Art.6328 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin # Species Museums INHS OSU KSEM MEM CNC USNM CSUC 1 E. lawsoniana (Baker) 131 140 101 80 26 11 2 E. electa (McAtee) 82 27 39 13 20 1 5 3 E. sagittata (Beamer) 9 83 24 4 E. complicata (Johnson) 12 1 5 E. bitincta (McAtee) 22 94 4 10 15 6 E. crataegi (Johnson) 127 3 2 7 E. intricata (Johnson) 6 1 8 E. canadensis sp.n. 2 9 E. occidua (Beamer & Griffith) 75 10 E. dolosa (Beamer & Griffith) 11 172 9 6 11 E. anomala (Knull) 3 12 E. mansueta (Beamer) 37 16 6 49 13 E. celebrata (Johnson) 11 14 E. brundusa (Robinson) 68 80 45 7 4 15 E. whitti (Hepner) 1 1 2 16 E. rubrotincta (Johnson) 2 49 2 1 17 E. tridens (Beamer) 5 39 9 13 8 18 E. juglandis (Knull & Auten) 142 81 19 E. divisa (McAtee) 21 2 1 20 E. lloydi (Hepner) 1 8 21 E. morrisi (Hepner) 1 3 22 E. cruciformis (Beamer) 24 49 41 102 23 E. pfrimmeri (Hepner) 2 9 24 E. autenae (Johnson) 2 27 3 1 25 E. martini (Hepner) 2 1 26 E. tolerata (Knull) 3 1 27 E. dunni (Hepner) 1 1 28 E. parsonsi (Hepner) 42 1 63 29 E. afflicta (Beamer) 6 30 E. noeva (Gillette) 146 155 23 31 15 3 3 31 E. nondescripta (Johnson) 1 12 1 32 E. infinita (Beamer) 25 24 20 4 13 33 E. spearca (Johnson & Auten) 4 5 2 34 E. aesculella (Ross & DeLong) 37 1 7 35 E. perita (Beamer) 8 15 8 3 4 36 E. haspata (Ross & DeLong) 2 1 37 E. wysongi (Ross & DeLong) 4 12 38 E. torva (Beamer) 1 4 6 39 E. rubens (Beamer) 113 8 20 15 40 E. praecisa (Knull) 13 39 51 41 E. aspera (Beamer & Griffith) 66 9 40 10 49 42 E. dowelli (Beamer) 21 79 90 10 43 E. furcillata (Beamer) 27 13 9 44 E. plena (Beamer) 206 128 75 55 106 45 E. crossi (Hepner) 2 16 46 E. funesta (Beamer) 515 47 51 10 6 47 E. rubrataeniensis (Beamer) 19 27 85 32 2 48 E. repleta (Johnson) 46 111 2 49 E. minima (Johnson) 7 50 E. rubroscuta (Gillette) 91 82 103 111 2 9 51 E. nitida (Beamer) 28 32 3 17 52 E. acicularis (Beamer) 104 90 12 61 53 E. penobliqua (Beamer) 20 2 54 E. stolata (McAtee) 51 104 78 36 26 1 1 APPENDIX I Collections and Studied Material2 2The table shows the number of studied specimens from each collection. See Materials and Methods for the museum abbreviations. Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 329 55 E. ohioensis (Knull) 1 55 1 56 E. fumida (Gillette) 114 38 53 16 20 1 8 57 E. jonesi (Hepner) 1 58 E. magnacalx (Beamer) 167 137 54 111 3 59 E. penenoeva (Beamer) 14 8 73 14 60 E. lucileae (Hepner) 6 1 5 61 E. planerae sp.n. 12 62 E. amabilis (McAtee) 2 3 28 1 1 63 E. stylata (Johnson) 1 23 37 64 E. ulmosa (Ross & DeLong) 88 4 114 65 E. harpax (Beamer) 2 76 29 32 66 E. ulmalatae (Ross & DeLong) 30 3 119 67 E. angularis (Beamer) 22 50 20 10 68 E. sincera (Johnson) 14 25 69 E. hamata (Beamer) 57 75 49 103 30 70 E. unicuspidis (Beamer) 26 6 47 114 3 71 E. obliqua (Say) 94 205 27 342 18 1 72 E. varia (McAtee) 1 1 1 73 E. fulvocephala (Robinson) 111 156 49 305 12 1 74 E. bicornis (Beamer) 12 30 10 3 75 E. obvia (Beamer) 9 1 20 23 1 76 E. minuta (Johnson) 4 24 85 77 E. wyatti sp.n. 8 1 78 E. lemnisca (McAtee) 81 3 7 79 E. idonea (Beamer) 5 76 58 2 80 E. beckiae (Hepner) 1 12 81 E. crevecoeuri (Gillette) 15 8 49 4 1 7 82 E. malleiformis (Beamer) 2 4 5 83 E. meridiana (Hepner) 1 1 2 84 E. zephyr (Ross & DeLong) 8 8 85 E. ilicis (Ross) 80 1 6 86 E. parvispicata (Beamer) 29 3 15 142 3 87 E. insigna (Beamer & Griffith) 194 14 6 59 88 E. cornipes (Beamer) 41 121 19 91 11 89 E. falcata (Beamer) 44 2 32 29 90 E. herberti (Hepner) 1 69 91 E. acutalis (Ross & DeLong) 4 92 E. cotidiana (Beamer) 2 10 6 2 93 E. tenebrosa (Knull) 33 152 2 82 94 E. tenuispica (Beamer) 42 268 37 43 10 95 E. rugosae (Ross & DeLong) 24 8 96 E. kanza (Robinson) 134 95 35 127 10 97 E. spatulata (Beamer) 58 3 25 98 E. frisoni (Ross & DeLong) 6 2 2 99 E. sinua (Johnson) 11 3 9 7 40 100 E. normanti (Hepner) 4 96 101 E. nigriphylla (Hepner) 3 1 11 102 E. rhododendronae (Hepner) 1 103 E. verdana (Ross & DeLong) 1 1 104 E. victorialis (Knull) 70 66 13 2 4 105 E. aenea (Beamer) 24 66 14 5 15 106 E. diffisa (Beamer) 86 85 69 32 107 E. inconspicua (Johnson) 9 108 E. jocosa (Beamer) 10 10 32 1 109 E. cuneata (Beamer) 2 7 52 50 110 E. scytha (Auten & Johnson) 2 12 8 111 E. albescens (Beamer) 33 17 26 13 112 E. ampla (Knull) 1 19 16 113 E. freta (Knull) 3 11 1 2 114 E. lasteri (Hepner) 1 2 # Species Museums INHS OSU KSEM MEM CNC USNM CSUC Vol. 38 Art.6330 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 115 E. enata (Knull) 8 46 2 9 7 116 E. cauta (Beamer) 30 52 8 33 117 E. lyratae (Ross & DeLong) 57 31 118 E. rufostigmosa (Beamer) 53 78 190 12 119 E. volucris (Beamer) 44 49 31 201 120 E. similalis (Ross & DeLong) 3 28 121 E. abolla (McAtee) 3 13 37 9 10 5 122 E. penelutea (Beamer) 11 23 76 21 2 123 E. scissa (Beamer) 12 1 9 16 124 E. eluta (McAtee) 17 112 12 37 38 1 125 E. vinaria (Beamer) 5 1 36 1 126 E. atrimucronata (Beamer) 66 13 7 7 127 E. coarctata (Beamer) 4 11 17 8 128 E. modica (Beamer) 13 18 31 93 129 E. gleditsia (Beamer) 14 88 4 3 7 130 E. clavata (DeLong) 91 31 24 80 131 E. quadrata (Beamer) 44 96 26 132 E. juncea (Beamer) 19 3 133 E. apta (Beamer) 6 3 134 E. nava (Beamer) 1 13 135 E. barbarae (Hepner) 1 # Species Museums INHS OSU KSEM MEM CNC USNM CSUC Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 331 APPENDIX II Host Plant Index Acer sp. ............................................... 251, 283 Acer pensylvanicum .................................... 251 Acer rubrum ........................................ 251, 278 Acer saccharum .................................. 250, 251 Acer spicatum .............................................. 251 Aesculus sp. ......................... 246, 281, 283, 319 Aesculus glabra ................... 255, 266, 285, 287 Aesculus octandra ....................................... 285 Alnus sp. ...................................................... 246 Alnus incana ................................................ 266 Alnus rugosa ............................................... 296 Betula alleghaniensis .......................... 259, 309 Betula lutea ................................................. 259 Betula papyrifera ................................ 259, 309 Betula populifolia ........................................ 259 Carpinus sp. 235, 239, 243, 248, 253, 263, 274, 282, 295, 316 Carpinus caroliniana .. 247, 274, 283, 315, 319 Carya sp. ..................................... 274, 283, 315 Carya cordiformis ............................... 307, 316 Carya illinoinensis ...................... 272, 310, 316 Carya ovalis ................................................ 316 Carya ovata ......................................... 282, 316 Carya tomentosa ......................... 272, 309, 316 Cercis canadensis ....................... 254, 281, 282 Corylus americana ...................................... 256 Crataegus sp. .............. 234, 236, 239, 262, 297 Crataegus marshallii .................................. 234 Crataegus mollis ................. 234, 257, 258, 266 Crataegus viridis ......................... 234, 261, 264 Diospyros virginiana ................................... 305 Fagus sp. ..................................................... 274 Fagus grandifolia ................................ 268, 295 Gleditsia triacanthos ... 242, 303, 319, 320, 321 Ilex decidua 240, 249, 274, 275, 276, 280, 281, 283, 286, 289, 292, 293, 299, 315, 318 Juglans sp. ................................................... 244 Juglans nigra ...................................... 245, 252 Malus sp. ............................................. 271, 291 Malus pumila .............................. 216, 232, 260 Myrica cerifera ........................................... 284 Planera aquatica ......................................... 273 Populus sp. .................................................. 285 Prunus sp. ........................................... 262, 323 Prunus avium ...................................... 260, 262 Prunus emarginata ...................................... 262 Prunus lanata .............................................. 287 Prunus persica .................................... 216, 262 Prunus serotina ........................................... 256 Prunus virginiana ....................... 256, 260, 299 Physocarpus apulifolius .............................. 277 Quercus sp. .. 281, 282, 283, 288, 289, 290, 291, 305, 312, 315, 322 Quercus alba ....................................... 254, 291 Quercus chapmannii ........................... 312, 313 Quercus ellipsoidalis ........................... 305, 307 Quercus imbricaria ............. 288, 289, 291, 307 Quercus lyrata ..................... 305, 308, 310, 312 Quercus marilandica ........................... 272, 307 Quercus muehlenbergii ............................... 291 Quercus myrtifolia ...................................... 313 Quercus nigra ............. 248, 290, 300, 305, 312 Quercus pagoda .................................. 298, 307 Quercus pagodafoliae ................................. 248 Quercus palustris ........................................ 307 Quercus phellos ........................... 290, 300, 312 Quercus rubra var. ambigua ....................... 254 Quercus stellata .......................................... 293 Quercus velutina ................................. 289, 291 Rhododendron sp. ....................................... 301 Rosa sp. ....................................................... 267 Rubus sp. ..................................................... 284 Rubus cuneifolius ........................................ 284 Salix sp. ....................................................... 311 Salix babylonica .......................................... 311 Salix interior ............................................... 311 Salix nigra ................................................... 311 Spiraea alba ................................................ 267 Tilia americana ........................... 244, 270, 317 Ulmus sp. ..................................................... 281 Ulmus alata 242, 250, 264, 274, 275, 276, 280, 299 Ulmus americana ........ 275, 276, 279, 280, 282 Ulmus rubra ........................ 242, 275, 276, 279 Vaccinium sp. ...................................... 270, 302 Vol. 38 Art.6332 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin APPENDIX III Species Index (junior synonyms in italics; pages of individual species accounts in bold) abolla McAtee ......................230, 313, 314, 330 accensa McAtee ...........................................313 accurata Beamer ..........................................263 acicularis Beamer .........................223, 267, 328 acutalis Ross & DeLong .............. 227, 293, 329 adae Hepner .................................................294 ador McAtee ................................................324 aenea Beamer .......................228, 302, 303, 329 aesculella Ross & DeLong ........i, 222, 255, 328 afflicta Beamer .....................221, 251, 252, 328 alata Knull ...................................................263 albanyensis Hepner ......................................262 albescens Beamer .................229, 306, 307, 329 alneti Dahlbom .............................................324 alternata Johnson .........................................310 amabilis McAtee ...................224, 273, 274, 329 ampaiae Hepner ...........................................243 ampasa Ross & DeLong ......................233, 234 ampla Knull ..................................229, 307, 329 andrewsi Hepner ...........................................263 angularis Beamer ..........................225, 277, 329 anomala Knull ......................220, 239, 240, 328 apta Beamer .................................231, 322, 330 aspera Beamer & Griffith .....222, 259, 260, 328 atrimucronata Beamer ..........230, 317, 318, 330 autenae Johnson ............................221, 248, 328 auteni Johnson ..............................................248 barbarae Hepner ...........................231, 323, 330 barnesae Hepner ...........................................318 beckiae Hepner .............................226, 286, 329 belindae Hepner ...........................................278 benedicti Hepner ..........................................233 betulaspera Richards & Varty ...................... 259 bicornis Beamer ...........................225, 282, 329 bifurca Beamer .............................................235 bitincta McAtee ....................219, 235, 236, 328 boniorum Hepner .........................................266 bowmanorum Hepner ...................................306 brundusa Robinson ............i, 220, 241, 242, 328 brundusoides Hepner ...................................249 caldwelli Johnson .........................................321 camirei Hepner .............................................266 canadensis sp.n. ....215, 217, 219, 237, 238, 328 carmiensis Hepner .......................................316 caryaglabrae Hepner ...................................295 cauta Beamer ................................229, 310, 330 cautoides Hepner ......................................... 300 cavena Auten & Johnson .............................290 celebrata Johnson ......................... 220, 241, 328 chambersi Hepner ........................................275 chandleri Hepner ..........................................282 clarysae Hepner ...........................................308 clavata DeLong ............................231, 320, 330 clavatoides Hepner .......................................319 cliffordi Hepner ............................................266 cliftoni Hepner .............................................309 clydei Hep ....................................................307 coarctata Beamer ..........................231, 318, 330 coleyi Hepner ...............................................316 collinsi Hepner .............................................309 complicata Johnson ......................219, 235, 328 contrasta Auten & Johnson ..........................316 cooni Hepner ................................................261 cornipes Beamer ............................227, 291, 329 cotidiana Beamer ..........................227, 294, 329 crataegi Johnson ...........................219, 236, 328 crevecoeuri Gillette ........... i, 226, 286, 287, 329 crossi Hepner ...............................223, 262, 328 cruciformis Beamer ......................221, 247, 328 cuneata Beamer ............................229, 305, 329 cuneatoides Hepner ......................................316 curtaega Hepner ............................................318 davichi Hepner .............................................316 decorata Auten & Johnson........................... 297 dianae Hepner ..............................................254 diffisa Beamer ...........................i, 228, 303, 329 divisa McAtee ......................220, 230, 245, 328 dolosa Beamer & Griffith .....220, 237, 239, 328 dorisae Hepner .............................................236 dorsalis Gillette ............................................232 dorsalis Horváth .......................................... 232 dowelli Beamer ............................222, 260, 328 dunni Hepner ................................221, 250, 328 edgari Hepner ..............................................271 electa McAtee ......................219, 233, 234, 328 eluta McAtee ................................230, 316, 330 enata Knull ...................................229, 309, 330 enatoides Hepner ..........................................251 Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini III, Genus ErythridulaMay 2009 333 caryaglabrae Hepner ...................................295 cauta Beamer ................................229, 310, 330 cautoides Hepner ......................................... 300 cavena Auten & Johnson .............................290 celebrata Johnson ......................... 220, 241, 328 chambersi Hepner ........................................275 chandleri Hepner ..........................................282 clarysae Hepner ...........................................308 clavata DeLong ............................231, 320, 330 clavatoides Hepner .......................................319 cliffordi Hepner ............................................266 cliftoni Hepner .............................................309 clydei Hep ....................................................307 coarctata Beamer ..........................231, 318, 330 coleyi Hepner ...............................................316 collinsi Hepner .............................................309 complicata Johnson ......................219, 235, 328 contrasta Auten & Johnson ..........................316 cooni Hepner ................................................261 cornipes Beamer ............................227, 291, 329 cotidiana Beamer ..........................227, 294, 329 crataegi Johnson ...........................219, 236, 328 crevecoeuri Gillette ........... i, 226, 286, 287, 329 crossi Hepner ...............................223, 262, 328 cruciformis Beamer ......................221, 247, 328 cuneata Beamer ............................229, 305, 329 cuneatoides Hepner ......................................316 curtaega Hepner ............................................318 davichi Hepner .............................................316 decorata Auten & Johnson........................... 297 dianae Hepner ..............................................254 diffisa Beamer ...........................i, 228, 303, 329 divisa McAtee ......................220, 230, 245, 328 dolosa Beamer & Griffith .....220, 237, 239, 328 dorisae Hepner .............................................236 dorsalis Gillette ............................................232 dorsalis Horváth .......................................... 232 dowelli Beamer ............................222, 260, 328 dunni Hepner ................................221, 250, 328 edgari Hepner ..............................................271 electa McAtee ......................219, 233, 234, 328 eluta McAtee ................................230, 316, 330 enata Knull ...................................229, 309, 330 enatoides Hepner ..........................................251 enfieldensis Hepner ......................................258 extima Beamer .............................................298 extimoides Hepner ........................................299 extrema Auten & Johnson ............................255 fagiphylla Hepner .................................294, 295 falcata Beamer .............................227, 292, 329 florida Ross & DeLong ................................290 floridoides Hepner ........................................ 302 fragilis Johnson ............................................ 283 frazieri Hepner .....................................273, 274 freta Knull ....................................229, 308, 329 fretoides Hepner ...........................................281 frisoni Ross & DeLong ................227, 298, 329 fultonae Hepner ............................................243 fulvocephala Robinson .................225, 281, 329 fumida Gillette ..................i, 224, 269, 270, 329 funesta Beamer .............................223, 263, 328 furcillata Beamer ..........................223, 261, 328 gargantua Johnson .......................................285 garretsoni Hepner ........................................283 gladysae Hepner ............................................308 gleditsia Beamer ...................231, 319, 320, 330 hamata Beamer .............................225, 278, 329 hamiltoni Hepner ..........................................315 hamlinorum Hepner .....................................309 harei Hepner ................................................248 harpax Beamer .....................224, 275, 276, 329 harrisi Hepner ......................................273, 274 haspata Ross & DeLong ...............222, 256, 328 herberti Hepner ....................227, 292, 293, 329 hildae Hepner ...............................................309 hormchunae Hepner .....................................259 iconica McAtee ....................................313, 314 idonea Beamer .....................226, 284, 285, 329 ilexae Hepner ...............................................292 ilicis Ross .....................................226, 289, 329 inconspicua Johnson ....................228, 304, 329 infinita Beamer .....................222, 253, 254, 328 insigna Beamer & Griffith ....227, 290, 291, 329 interjecta Beamer & Griffith ....................... 238 intricata Johnson ...........................219, 237, 328 isei Hepner ...................................................247 ivae Hepner ..................................................251 ivani Hepner .................................................280 jeanae Hepner ..............................................234 joanneae Hepner ...........................................298 jocosa Beamer ......................228, 304, 305, 329 jonesi Hepner ...............................224, 270, 329 juglandacea Ross & DeLong .......................245 juglandis Knull & Auten ..............220, 244, 328 juncea Beamer ......................231, 321, 322, 330 kanensis Hepner ...........................................259 kanza Robinson ....................227, 296, 297, 329 kennethi Hepner ...................................306, 307 kingstoniensis Hepner ..................................259 lasteri Hepner .......................229, 308, 309, 329 latapex Beamer ............................................253 lauriphylla Hepner .......................................312 lawsoni Baker ...............................................232 lawsoni Robinson .........................................232 lawsoniana Baker ................. 219, 232, 233, 328 leforsorum Hepner .......................................317 lemnisca McAtee ......i, 226, 245, 284, 285, 329 leucophylla Hepner ......................................298 lianae Hepner ...............................................281 lindleyi Hepner .............................................253 lloydi Hepner .......................221, 245, 246, 328 loisae Hepner ...............................................245 lucileae Hepner ............................224, 272, 329 lyratae Ross & DeLong ........229, 310, 311, 330 lyratiphylla Hepner ......................................304 magnacalx Beamer .......................224, 271, 329 malleiformis Beamer ....................226, 287, 329 mansueta Beamer ........................220, 240, 328 martini Hepner .............................221, 249, 328 maryae Hepner .............................................318 mccomasi Hepner .........................................310 meridiana Hepner .........................226, 288, 329 merkli Hepner ...............................................247 minima Johnson ...........................223, 265, 328 minuta Johnson ............................225, 283, 329 mitlini Hepner ..............................................316 modica Beamer .........................i, 231, 319, 330 morelandi Hepner ........................................314 morrisi Hepner .............................221, 246, 328 nava Beamer .........................231, 322, 323, 330 navoides Hepner ...........................................289 nebekeri Hepner ........................................... 261 neeli Hepner .................................................259 newtonensis Hepner .....................................288 nigriphylla Hepner .......................228, 300, 329 nitida Auten & Johnson ...............................254 nitida Beamer .......................223, 254, 266, 328 noeva Gillette ...............................221, 252, 328 noevoides Ross & DeLong ........................... 254 noevus Gillette .............................................252 nondescripta Johnson ...................222, 253, 328 normanti Hepner ...........................228, 299, 329 Vol. 38 Art.6334 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin obliqua Say ...................217, 225, 279, 280, 329 obvia Beamer .......................225, 282, 283, 329 occidua Beamer & Griffith ... 220, 237, 238, 328 odettae Hepner .............................................308 ohioensis Knull ............................224, 269, 329 pagodifoliae Hepner .................................... 298 paigeae Hepner ........................................... 253 paramera Hepner ........................................ 313 parma McAtee ............................................ 252 parrotti Hepner ........................................... 295 parsonsi Hepner .......................... 221, 251, 328 parvispicata Beamer .................... 226, 290, 329 patricki Hepner ........................................... 271 pecanae Hepner .......................................... 283 pelta McAtee ............................................... 279 penelutea Beamer ................ 230, 314, 315, 330 penenoeva Beamer .............. 224, 271, 272, 329 penetura Hepner .......................................... 312 penobliqua Beamer ............. 223, 267, 268, 328 perita Beamer ...................... 222, 255, 256, 328 pfrimmeri Hepner ................ 221, 247, 248, 328 phelliphylla Hepner ..................................... 300 pietersi Hepner ............................................ 316 planerae sp.n. .............................. 224, 273, 329 plena Beamer ...................... 223, 261, 262, 328 ponderosa Auten & Johnson ....................... 258 praecisa Knull ............................. 222, 259, 328 pulchra Naudé ............................................. 263 pura Knull ................................................... 267 quadrata Beamer ......................... 231, 321, 330 quadratoides Hepner ........................... 304, 305 repleta Johnson ............................ 223, 264, 328 rhodedendronae Hepner .............................. 300 rhododendronae Hepner ...... 228, 300, 301, 329 rolandi Hepner ............................................ 292 rosenkranzi Hepner ..................................... 295 rubens Beamer ............................ 222, 258, 328 rubiphylla Hepner ....................................... 298 rubrataeniensis Beamer ....... 223, 263, 264, 328 rubroscuta Gillette ............... 223, 265, 266, 328 rubrotincta Johnson ..................... 220, 243, 328 rufostigmosa Beamer ...................230, 311, 330 rugosae Ross & DeLong ............. 227, 296, 329 sagittata Beamer .................. 219, 234, 235, 328 saileri Hepner .............................................. 316 salmoides Ross & DeLong.......................... 247 schusteri Hepner .......................................... 266 scissa Beamer .............................. 230, 315, 330 scytha Auten & Johnson .............. 229, 306, 329 shanklandi Hepner ...................................... 309 sikorowskii Hepner ...................................... 275 similalis Ross & DeLong ............ 230, 313, 330 sincera Johnson ................... 225, 277, 278, 329 sinua Johnson ...................... 228, 298, 299, 329 solomoni Hepner ......................................... 248 spatulata Beamer .......................... 227, 297, 329 spearca Johnson & Auten ............ 222, 254, 328 stolata McAtee .................... 224, 229, 268, 328 stulta Auten & Johnson ............................... 305 stylata Johnson .................... 224, 273, 274, 329 styraxae Hepner .......................................... 243 subnubila Beamer ....................................... 311 tenebrosa Knull ................... 227, 294, 295, 329 tenuispica Beamer ....................... 227, 295, 329 tietzi Ross & DeLong .................................. 233 tolerata Knull ...................... 221, 249, 250, 328 tomaneki Hepner ......................................... 312 tomentosae Hepner .............................. 271, 272 torra Robinson ............................................ 320 torva Beamer ....................... 222, 257, 258, 328 tridenoides Hepner ...................................... 279 tridens Beamer .................... 220, 243, 244, 328 tura Ross & DeLong ................................... 312 turoides Hepner ........................................... 312 ulmalatae Ross & DeLong ........... 225, 276, 329 ulmarubrae Hepner ..................................... 299 ulmosa Ross & DeLong ........... i, 224, 275, 329 unicuspidis Beamer ..................... 225, 279, 329 uniforma Hepner ................................. 241, 242 varia McAtee ....................... 225, 280, 281, 329 vartyi Hepner .............................................. 290 velutinae Hepner ................................. 288, 289 verae Hepner ............................................... 316 verdana Ross & DeLong ............. 228, 301, 329 victorialis Knull .......................... 228, 302, 329 vierii Hepner ............................................... 279 vinaria Beamer ............................ 230, 317, 330 volucris Beamer .......................... 230, 312, 330 wandae Hepner ........................................... 271 whitti Hepner .............................. 220, 242, 328 wyatti sp.n. .......................... 217, 226, 284, 329 wysongi Ross & DeLong ............ 222, 257, 328 xanthocephala Robinson ............................. 281 zephyr Ross & DeLong ....... 226, 288, 289, 329 Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability Illinois Natural History Survey I-Building 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, Illinois 61820 217-333-6880 ISBN 978-1-882932-20-7 ISBN 978-1-882932-20-7.indd 1 3/20/09 10:02:40 AM