Article VI.

—

A Partial Biblingraphii of the Phalangiina; of

North America. By Clarence M. Weed, M. Sc.

It is believed that there are included below most of the

references to this group in our American literature. I have

placed an interrogation point after the genus of several species

of PJmJangium of which I have seen no specimens, but which

probably do not belong to that genus as now restricted.

GENEEAL AETICLES.

1821. Sat, Thomas. An account of Arachnides of the

United States. Jour. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. II.,

( Phalangii7ice,i^\:). 65-68). Complete Writings, Vol. II.,

pp. 13-15.

The first descriptive paper treating of the group. Four species of

Phalangium described; viz., dormium, viUaivm, mgrvm, and grandis.

1868. Wood, Horatio C, Jr., M. D. On the Phalange^e of

the United States of America. Communications of the

Essex Institute, Vol. VI., pp. 10-40.

An elaborate paper on the family as a whole. Anatomy and habits

discussed. 15 species of Phalangiinx described under genus Phalangium,

11 being new. Fair wood-cuts illustrate most of the species.

1885. Underwood, Lucien" M., Ph.D. A Preliminary List of

the Arthrogastra of North America (excluding Mexico).

Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XVII. (Phalangiince, pp.

167-169).

An enumeration of the described species with bibliographical

references.

1887. Weed, Clarence M. The Genera of North American

Phalangiin 86. American Naturalist, Vol. XXL, p. 935

(October, 1887).

Attention is called to the proper generic position of several species.

Method of extruding tlie genital organs of Phalangiimc described.



100 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

1889. Weed, Clarence M. A Descriptive Catalogue of the

Phalangiintx3 of Illinois. Bulletin Illinois State Lab-

oratory of Natural History, Vol. III., Article V., pp.

79-U7.

Extended descriptions of ten species, two being new. Notes on

distribution, life history, and habits.

EEFERENCES TO SPECIES.

1. LiOBUNUM DORSATUM, (Say).

Fhalangium dorsatum. Say, Jour. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Vol. IL, p. 66 (1«21). Complete Writings, Vol. II., p. 13.

Original descriptions fr :m specimens in the cabinet of the Academy.
" Inhabits the United States."

Phalangium dorsatum., Say. Wood, Com mun. Essex Insti-

tute, Vol. VI., pp. 18-19, 21, 39, figures la-lc. (1868).

Extended descriptions and measurements of both sexes. Collected

in N. Y., D. C, and Penn. An out-door species. Supposed young are

whitish. Compared with P. vlttatum, of which it is su})posed to be the

northern representative.

Phalangium dorsatum, Say. Packard, Guide to the Study

of Insects, pp. 656-057, fig. 632 (1869).

Mention of its distribution. Common at Salem. Mass.

Phalangium dorsatum, Say. Gratacap, American Natural-

ist, Vol. XVI., p. 120.

Experiments on influence of oxygen on harvest-men. Specimens

placed in the uas were somewhat excited, and lived twenty-four hours.

Phalangium dorsatum. Kiugsley, Standard Natural His-

tory, Vol. li., p. 122 (1884).

Mention.

Phalangium dorsatum, Say. Underwood, Canadian Ento-

mologist, Vol. XVII., p. 168 (1885).

Bibliographical references.

Liohunum dorsatum, (Say). Weed, American Naturalist,

Vol. XXL, p. 935 (October, 1887).

Referred from Phalangium of previous authors to Liohunum of C.

Koch, as <1efined by Simon.



The Phalangihice of North America. 101

Liohunum dorsatiim, (Say). Weed, Bull. 111. St. Lab.

Nat. Hist., Vol. III., pp. 88-85 (1889).

Elaborate description and measurements. Taken in northern and

central Illinois and Michigan. Developed largely in fields and woods,

and migrates to houses and barns. Commonest species in northern

Illinois. Compared with L. vittatum, which is considered its southern

representative.

2. LiOBUNUM VITTATUM, (Say).

Phalangimn viftatuni. Say, Jour. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Vol. II., p. 65 (1821). Complete Writings Vol. II., p. 13.

Original description from specimens in the cabinet of the Academy.
" Inhabits the Southern States."

Phalangiiim viftatuni. Say. Wood, Commun. Essex Insti-

tute, Vol. VI., pp. 20-21, 39, figs. 2a-2d. (1868).

Extended description and measurements. Taken in Texas and

Nebraska. Compared with P. dorsatum, which is supposed to be its

northern representative.

Phalangiiim vittatum., Say. Underwood, Canadian Ento-

mologist, Vol. XVII., p. 168 (1885).

Bibliographical references.

Liohunum vittatum., (Say). Weed, American Naturalist,

Vol. XXL, p. 935 (October, 1887).

Referred from Phalangium of previous authors to Liohunum of C.

Koch, as defined by Simon.

Liohunum vittatum, (Say). Weed, Ball. 111. St. Lab. Nat.

Hist., Vol. III., pp. 85-87. (1889).

Elal)orate description and measurements. Common in southern

Illinois where it frequents rocky ledges. Taken also in Kentucky

Compared with L. dorsatum, which it closely resembles, and of which it

is supposed to be the southern representative.

3. LlOBUNUM NIGROPALPI, ( Wood).

Phalangium nigropalpi. Wood, Commun. Essex Institute,

Vol. VI., pp. 22-23,' 39, figs. 3a-3c. (1868).

Original description from specimens taken in woods in Huntingdon

Co., Penn. Males six times as numerous as females.

Phalangium nigropalpi, Wood. Underwood, Canadian

Entomologist, VoL XVII., p. 168 (1885).

Bibliographical references.



102 Illinois State Lahoratory of Natural Histori/.

Liohiinumnif/7'opalpi, (Wood). Weed, American Natural-

ist, Vol. XXL, p.' 935 (October, 1887).
*

Referred from Phalangium of previous authors to Liobunum of C.

Koch.

Liobunum nigropalpi, (Wood). Weed, Bull. 111. St. Lab.

Nat. Hist., Vol. TIL, pp. 87-88 (1889).

Elaborate description and measurements. Taken in southern

Illinois aV)0ut rocky ledges. Males much more numerous than females.

Remarkable for length of legs.

4. Liobunum verrucosum, (Wood).

Phalanyiiim verrucosum. Wood, Conimun. Essex Institute,

Vol. VL, pp. 29-30, .40 (1868).

Original description of some males of unknown locality in the Essex

Institute Collection.

Phalangium verrucosum^ Wood. Underwood, Canadian

Entomologist, Vol. XVII., p. 168 (1885).

Bibliographical reference.

Liobunum verrucosum^ (Wood). Weed, American Natu-

ralist, Vol. XXL, p. 935 (October, 1887).

Referred from Phalangium of previous authors to Liobunum of C.

Koch.

Liobunum verrucosum., (Wood). Weed, Bull. 111. St. Lab.

Nat. Hist., Vol. III., p. 88-89 (1889).

Extended description of male from specimens collected in Cham-
paign Co., 111.

5. Liobunum elegans, Weed.

Liobunum elegans. Weed, Bull. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist.,

VoL III., p. 89 (1889).

Original description from males taken in Champaign Co., 111.

6. Liobunum ^olitus. Weed.

Liobunum politus. Weed, Bull. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist.,

VoL IIL, pp. 89-90 (1889).

Original description from males collected at Champaign, 111.

7. Liobunum (?) calcar, (Wood).

Phalangium calcar. Wood, Common. Essex Institute, Vol.

VI., pp. 26-27, 39, figs. 6«-66. (1868).

Original description of male collected in mountains of southwestern

Virginia. Two females that are conjectured to belong to same species

also described.



The Phalanglina' of North America. 103

Phalanfj/ium calcar, Wood. Underwood, Canadian Ento-

mologist, Vol. XVIL, p. 168 (1885).

Bibliographical reference.

Liohnnum (?) calcar., (Wood). Weed, American Natu-

ralist, Vol. XXL, p. 935 (October, 1887).

Taken from Phalangium of previous authors and provisionally re-

ferred to Liobunum, although the palpal spur renders its generic position

doubtful.

Liobunum (?) calcar, (Wood). Weed, Bull. 111. St. Lab.

Nat. Hist., Vol. IIL, pp. 90-91 (1889).

Extended description of males collected in Champaign Co., 111.

Provisionally retained in Liobunum.

8. Liobunum (?) formosum, (Wood).

Pltalnngium formosum. Wood, Commun. Essex Institute,

Vol. VL, pp. 30,40 (1868).

Original description of females collected in the District of Columbia.

J^halangium formosum. Wood. Underwood, Canadian En-

tomologist, Vol. XVIL, p. 168.

Bibliographical reference.

Liobunum (?) formosum ,
(Wood), Weed, American Nat-

uralist, Vol. XXL, p. 935 (October, 1887).

Taken from Phalangium of previous authors and provisionally re-

ferred to Liobunum, although on account of palpal angle it does not

strictly belong there.

Liobunum (?) formosum^ (Wood). Weed, Bull. 111. St.

Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. IIL, pp. 91-92 (1889).

Extended description of both sexes. Unlike other species, it hiber-

nates as an adult. Provisionally retained in Liobunum.

9. Liobunum (?) bicolor, (Wood).

Phalangium bicolor. Wood, Commun. Essex Institute, Vol.

VL, pp. 28, 39, fig. (1868).

Original description from two females taken in Delaware county,

Penn.

Phalangium bicolor^ Wood. Underwood, Canadian Ento-

mologist, Vol. XVIL, p. 168 (1885).
Bibliographical reference.

Liobunum, (?) bicolor, (Wood). Weed, American Natu-
ralist, Vol. XXL, p. 935 (October, 1887).

In absence of specimens, it is conjectured that the species may
belong to Liobunum rather than Phalangium.



104 Illinois State Lahoratory of Natural History.

10. LlOBUNUM (?) VENTRIOOSUM, (Wood),

Phalangium ventricosum. Wood, Commun. Essex Institute,

Vol. VI., pp. 32-33, 39, fig. 7 (1868).

Original description of female and supposed male. Taken in Penn.

and Neb.

Phalangium ventricosum., Wood. Packard, Guide to tlie

Study of Insects, p. 657, fig. 633 (1869).

Mention. Said to be widely distributed in United States.

Phalangium ventricosum., Wood. Underwood, Canadian

Entomologist, Vol. XVII., p. 169 (1885).

Bibliographical reference.

Liohunum (?) ventricosum., (Wood). Weed, American

Naturalist, Vol. XXL, p. 935 (October, 1887).

In absence of specimens, it is conjectured that this species belongs

to Liohunum rather than Phalangium.

11. Phalangium cinereum, Wood.

Phalangium cinereum. Wood, Commun. Essex Institute,

Vol. VI., pp. 25-26, 39 (1868).

Original description from specimens taken in northern New York.

Phalangium cinereum,, Wood. Underwood, Canadian En-

tomologist, Vol. XVII., p. 168 (1885).

Bibliographical reference.

Phalangium cinereum.. Wood. Weed, American Natural-

ist, Vol. XXL, p. 935 (October, 1887).

Said to belong to the genus Phalangium, as restricted by Simon.

Phalangium cinereum., Wood. Weed, Bull. 111. St. Lab.

Nat. Hist., Vol. III., pp. 93-94. (1889).

Extended descriptions of both sexes. Taken in Champaign Co.,

111., and at Lansing, Mich.

12. Phalangium (?) maculosum. Wood.

Phalangium maculosum. Wood, Commun. Essex Instttute,

Vol. VI., pp. 31-32, 40, fig. (1868).

Original description of both sexes from specimens collected in

Penn. and W. Va.

Phalangium maculosum., Wood. Underwood, Canadian

Entomologist, Vol. XVIL, p. 168 (1885).

Bibliographical reference.



The Fhalangiince of North America. 105

13. Phalangium (?) FAVOSUM, Wood.

Phalangium favosum. Wood, Commun. Essex Institute,

Vol. VI., pp. 28-29, 40 (1868).

Original description from a single female collected in Nebraska.

Fhalangium favosum^ Wood. Underwood, Canadian En-

tomologist, Vol. XVII., p. 168 (1885).

Bibliographical reference.

14. Phalangium nigrum. Say.

Fhalangium nigrum. Say, Jour. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Vol. II., pp. 66-67 (1821 ). Complete Writings, Vol. II., p. 14.

Original description. " Not uncommon in the Carolinas and

Georgia."

Phalangium nigrum, Say. Wood, Commun. Essex Insti-

tute, Vol. VI., pp. 34-35, 40 (1868).

Form from Texas and Nebraska, supposed to be same as Say's

species described. Say's description also quoted.

Phakingium jiigrum, Say, Underwood, Canadian Ento-

mologist, Vol. XVIL, p. 168 (1885).

Bibliographical references.

15. Phalangium (?) grande. Say.

Phalangium grandis. Say, Jour. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Vol. II., pp. 67-68 (1821). Complete Writings, Vol. II., p. 14.

Original description. "Inhabits the Southern States."

Phalangium grande., Say. Wood, Commun. Essex Insti-

tute, Vol. VI., pp. 34, 40 (1868).

Simple quotation of Say's description. Had seen no specimens.

Phalangium grande., Say. Underwood, Canadian Ento-

mologist, Vol. XVIL, p. 168 (1885).

Bibliographical references.

16. Phalangium (?) exilipes. Wood,

Phalangium exilipes. Wood, Commun. Essex Institute, Vol.

VI., pp. 23-24, 39 (1868).

Original description from three specimens collected in California

and Nevada.

Phalangium exilipes., Wood. Underwood, Canadian Ento-
mologist, Vol. XVIL, p. 168 (1885),

Bibliographical reference.



106 Illinois State Lahorafonj of Xatund History.

17. Oli&olophus PicTus, (Wood).

Phalanr/iiim pietiim, Woo^, Cominun. Essex Institute, Vol.

VI., pp. 30-31, 40.

Original descriptioa from a single female, taken near Salem, Mass.

Fhalangium pictum, Wood. Underwood, Canadian Ento-

mologist, Vol. XVII., p. 169 (1885).

Bibliographical referenc«.

Oligolophus pidiis^ (Wood). Weed, American Naturalist,

Vol. XXL, p. 935 (October, 1887).

Referred from Phalangium of previous authors to Oligolophus.

Oligolophus pictus, (Wood). Weed, Bull. 111. St. Lab.

Nat. Hist., Vol. III., pp. 95-97 (1889).

Extended descriptions of both sexes, collected in Champaign Co., 111.



ADDENDA AND ERRATA.

To coiiiplete the list of species recogiii/.cil by St<ll as. be-

loiiginj^ to this family, the following are appended, not from

the belief that they belong here, l)i]t because there should be

no hasty change made in the classification of the Homoptera

until they have l^een more carefully studied.*

SUBFAMILY CENTROTINiE, Stal.

LXVI. TOLANIA, Sta]..

27<). T. oppoNENS, Walk.

18r)8. Cent rot US oppouois. Walk. List Horn. B. M.

Suppl. 17AI

1862. ToJanid opponens. Still. Of. . Vet.- Akad. Forh.

491.

7/rt6.—Mex. {Walker).

LXVI I. t ^THALTON, LaTR.

277. A. CtRatus, Walk.

1858. .Ethalion (jmtmu. Walk. List Horn. B. M.

Snppl. 109.

1864. .Ethajion dUatatum. StAl, Hem. Mex. 73, 450.

1869. ^Eflwlmi fjratns. Stal, Bid. Memb. Kan. 299,

14. '

.

Hab.—Mex. {Walker).

278. A. NERVOSO-PUNCTATUS, Sign.

1851. A^thaJioii neyvoso-piinctdtutn. Sign. Ann. Ent.

Soe. France, Ser. 2, ix, 679, 14, pi. 14, fig. 10.

1858. ^Ethfdion nerroso-punct<(tuni. Walk. List Hom.

B. M. Suppl. 168.

1869. jEthalion nervoso-imndains. Stal. Bid. Memb.

Kiiu. 299, 12.

ITafe.—Mex. ( Walker).

*M()iie of the species DDentioped here have a prolongnticn of

tleprothorax backward, aud they rightfully belong with the Jassidiv.

|Thero are tiS instead of liT crpnerarepresentfd in this cataloaue,

and 282 species instead of 278, XIV., 41,42,43, and 44 being duplicated.



Described Memhracidw of North America. 479

The following additional localities have been obtained

since this catalogue was put in the printer's hands:

For numbers 7, 8, 140, 177, 203, 204, 205, 206, 211, and

AconopJiorti lanceoJata, Fairm., Guatemala {Hejtshair) ; 14, 27,

and 142, Me. and Mass. (Henshaw); 15, la. (Osborn), N. Y.

{Van Dtizee); 19, Mich. (Cook), Pa. {Rafhvon), Me. (Hen-

shair) ; 21, N. Y. {Lintner); 14, 19, 22, 27, 28, 41, 53, 65,

71, 76, 85, 96, 107, 131, 216, 223, 261, Neb. {Barher)\ 28,

Mich. {Cool-), Me., Fla., Tex., Calif., and B. C. {Henshaw);

34, 44, 66, 91, 116, 122, 132, and 145, Mich. {Cool-) ; 41,

B. C. {Henshaw), Nev. {Hillman); 43, Miss. {Weed), Mich.

{Cool-) ; 46, Mass. {Henshaw), Mich. {Cook) ; 52, Mich.

{Cool), la. {Osborn), Ya. and Md. {Henshaw)', 55, Mich.

{Cook), Pa. {Rathvon), la. ? {Osborn), Me. {Henshaw); 57, 111.

{Godincj) ; 65, 68, 75 (recorded as jugafa Uhler, which is a

MS. name), 131, and 261, la. {Osborn); 67, Mich. {Cook), Mass.

and Me. {Henshaw); 72, Mass. {Henshaw); 73, 83, and 85, la. ?

{Osborn); 86, Mass. and Pa. {Henshaw); 95, Pa. {Rathvon);

97, and 119, la. {Osborn), Mich. {Cook); 114, Mich. {Cook),

Tex. {Henshaw); 121, Pa. {Henshaw); 136, and 192. Va.

{Henshaw); 137, N. Mex. {Townsend), Col. {Gillette)] im, Col.

{Goding); 188, Ya., Tex., and Yict. {Henshaw); 194, Mass.,

Tex., Calif., Yict. {Henshaw); 198, Cent. Am. {Henshatv); 211,

Me. {Henshair); 223, Mich. {Cook), Anticosti, Mass., Pa., Md.,

Ya., D. C, Oregon, and Wash. {Henshaw); 248, Tex. {Hen-

shaw).

Page 391, line 19, for Entomolgiqne rea.d Entomologiqtie.

Page 393, for No. 5 substitute as follows: *

P. DISPAK, Fabr.

1803. Darnis dispar. Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. 32, 23.

1836. Entylia dispar. Burm. Silb. Rev. iv, 182, 2.

1869. Parmula dispar. Still, Hem. Fabr. ii, 29, 1.

Hah .—Mexico (Goding).

Page 397, between lines 12 and 13 from bottom insert as

follows: 1893. Entilia sinuata. Rice, Insect Life, v, 243.

Page 399, line 7, after " one " insert female.

* P. mnnda. W^lk ,
».•',.» ps to Pli;i i--' (Fiih- F"< >«•-))



480 Illinois iState Laboratory of Natural History.

Page 400, between lines IJ and 10 insert as follows: 1851.

Cyphonia redispina. Walk. List Horn. B. M. 597, 6; line 19,

for postfaciata read posffasciata.

Page 401, line 4, for huhalus read diceros.

Page 402, at bottom of page add as follows:

1891. Ceresa huhalus. Fletcher, Rep. Ent. and Bot.

Can. 191.

1892. Ceresa huhalus. Osb. Trans. la. Hort. Soc. 119,

fig. 30.

1893. Ceresa biihalus. Osb. Fruit and Forest Tree Ins.

24, fig. 80.

Page 403, line 21, for the interrogation point substitute a

period; between lines 2 and 3 from bottom insert as follows:

1892. Ceresa taurina. Osb, Trans. la. Hort. Soc. 119.

1893. Ceresa taurina. Osb. Fruit and Forest Tree Ins.

24.

Page 409, between lines 4 and 5 from bottom insert as fol-

lows: Stictocephala gillettei, $. Godg. Ent. News, iii, 200.

Page 411, line 2, for nigripes, Stal, read numda, Walk.; be-

tween lines 2 and 3 insert as follows : 1858. Parmula munda.

Walk. List Hom. B. M. Suppl. 152; line 4, for Mex. {Stdl),

read Mex. and Guatemala ( Walk.).

Page 412, between lines 11 and 12 from bottom insert as

follows :

1892. Thelia cratwgi. Osb. Trans. la. Hort. Soc. 119.

1893. Thelia cratcegi. Osb. Fruit and Forest Tree

Ins. 24.

Page 413, line 12 from bottom, and page 414, line 1, for

acuminata read acuminatus.

Page 414, line 11, for Hyphina read Hyphinoe.

Page 416, line 8 from bottom, for Telamona read Mem-

bracis.

Page 417, line 1, for 1841 read 1851.

Page 422, between lines 8 and 9 insert as follows : 1892.

Telamona niexicana? Godg. Ent. News, iii, 108.

Page 424, line 9, for toj) read tips.



Described Memhracidce of North America. 481

Page 425, line 6, dele " fig." ; line 2 from bottom, for

galata read gahata.

Page 427, line 4 from bottom, ior Membracis read Acutalis.

Page 429, line 15, after '' lower " insert edge.

Pages 435 and 436. Note.— An examination of the types

shows that numbers 122 to 126 belong to Cyrtolobus.

Page 437. After the numbers 128, 129, and 130, for A.

read E. *

Page 441, line 17 from bottom, for V. read Ama&tris'\;

line 4 from bottom, insert (?) before V.

Page 442, between lines 8 and 9 insert as follows : 1851.

Thelia exjjansa. Walk. List. Hom. B. M. 563, 26; between

lines 14 and 15 from bottom, insert as follows: Thelia mar-

morata. Walk. List. Hom. B. M. 555, 4.

Page 444, line 15 from bottom, after "scar" insert as fol-

lows: Apical cell much longer than in marmorata, the length ex-

ceeding the breadth more than twice, while in marmorata the

cell is but a little longer than broad; line 14 from bottom, after

'' fuliginous" and '"yellow" substitute semicolons for commas;

line 7 from bottom, after " process," add as follows: in not

being suddenly depressed a short distance before apex, in

not having the median carina flat from this depression, and

in being much more depressed anteriorly.

Page 445, line 8. Note.—Through the kindness of Rev. W.
W. Fowler, of Lincoln, England, I have had the opportunity to

examine St3,rs type of the genus Optilete, and, as surmised, it

proves to be a typical marmorata, Say. Between lines 16 and

17 from bottom insert as follows: 1851. Hemij)tycha longicor-

nis. Walk. List Hom. B. M. 569, 7.

Page 449, line 10 from bottom. Note.— Walker's Darnis

lineola belongs to Phacusa {Fide Fowler).

Page 452, No. 181, for prunitia, Butler, read hastata,

St4l (A*c?e Fowler).

* Ashmeadea being preoccupied, the name was changed to Ev-
ashmeadea.

t A more careful study of the species places it in Amaatris.