Bulletin


BULLETIN
of the

ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY
HARLOW B. MILLS, Chief

The Leafhoppers,
or Cicadellidae,

of Illinois
(Eurymelinae-Balcluthinae)

D. M. DELONG

PriDted by Authority of the

STATE OF ILLINOIS
DWIGHT H. GREEN, Govtrnor

DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION
FRANK G. THOMPSON, Dirtctor





STATE t) F I 1. I, I N O I S

DwiGiiT H. CiREES', Governor

PEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION ANi:) EDUCATION
Frank G. Thompson, Director

N A T U R A L HISTORY S U R \^ E ^-
I ) I

\'
1 S I O N

Hari.o\\ B. Mii.i.s, (-liicf

\ olumc 24 BULI^K TIN Article 2

The Leafhoppers,

or Cicadellidae,

of Illinois

(Eurymelinae—Balcluthinae)

]). M. 1)1 f,c)Nc;

Priulid hy Jul/iority of the Stall- of Illinois

URBANA, ILLINOIS

June 194S



STATE OF ILLINOIS
DwiGHT H. Green, Governor

DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION
Frank G. Thompson, Director

BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION
Frank G. Thompson, Chairman

A. E. Emerson, Ph.D., Rio/oxv George D. Stoddard, Ph.D., Litt.D., L.H.D.,

L. H Tiffany, Ph.D., Forestry LL.D., President of the Ihiivcrsily nj Illinois

l' R. Howson, B.S.C.E., C.E., Walter H. Newhoi'isk, Ph.D., Geology

Engineering Roger Adams, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chemistry

NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY DIVISION
Urbana, Illinois

Scientific and Technical Staff

H.^Ri.ow B. Mills, Ph.D., Chief

Bessie B. Henderson, M.S., Assistant to the Chief

Section of Economic Entomology

George C. Decker, Ph.D., Entomologist

and Head

J. H. Bigger, M.S., Entomologist

L. L. English, Ph.D., Entomologist

C. J. Weinman, Ph.D., Entomologist

S. C. Chandler, B.S., Associate Entomolo-

gist

James W. Apple, M.S., Associate Ento-

mologist

Willis N. Bruce, M.A,, Assistant Ento-

mologist

John M. Wright, B.A., Assistant Ento-

mologist

H. B. Petty, M.A., Associate in E.ntomolo-

gy Extension

George F. Ludvik, M.A., Special Re-
search Assistant

John E. Porter, Vi.?)., Laboratory Assistan

Section of Faxinistic Surveys and Insect

Identification

H. H. Ross, Ph.D., Systematic Entomolo-
gist and Head

Milton W. Sanderson, Ph.D., Associate

Taxonomist
B. D. Burks, Ph.D., Associate Taxonomist
Lewis J. Stannard, Jr., M.S., Assistant

Taxonomist
Leonora K. Gloyd, M.S., Laboratory

Assistant
Philip W. Smith, '&.S., Laboratory Assistant

Dorothy A. Moulton, Technical Assistant

Section of Aquatic Biology

George W. Bennett, Ph.D., Agnatic
Biologist and Head

P. G. Barnickol, M.A., Aquatic Biologist

D. F. Hansen, Ph.D., Assistant Aquatic
Biologist

Jacob H. Lemm, Field Assistant

Daniel Avery, Field Assistant

Technical Library

Marguerite Simmons, M.A., M.S., Tech-
nical Librarian

Section of Forestry

WiLLET N. Wandell, M.F., Forester and
Head

Lawson B. Culver, B.S., Associate in

Forestry Extension

Section of Game Research and Manage-
ment

Ralph E. Veatter, Ph.D., Game Specialist

Frank C. Bellrose, B.S., Associate Game
Specialist

Harold C. Hanson, M.S., Assistant Game
Specialist

Dean H. Ecke, B.S., Field Assistant

Section of Applied Botany and Plant
Pathology

Leo R. Tehon, Ph.D., Botanist and Head

J. Cedric Carter, Ph.D., Plant Pathologist

J. L. Forsberg, M.S., Associate Plant

Pathologist

G. H. Boewe, M.S., Assistant Plant Pa-

thologist

Robert A. Evers, M.S., Assistant Botanist

.AuDRA Thompson, Technical Assistant

Section of Publications and Public Re-
lations

James S. Ayars, B.S., Technical Editor and
Head

Drew S. Wetzel, M.S., Assistant Techni-

cal Editor
Charles L. Scott, Assistant Technical

Photographer

Cooperative Wildlife Research

C. C. Swears, M.F., Project Leader
Paul J. Moore, B.S., Project Leader

George C. Arthur, B.S., Project Leader

A. B. Cowan, B.S.F., Assistant Project

Leader

Consultant in Herpetology: Hobaiii- M. Smith, Ph.D., Professor of Zoology, University of

Ulinois.

This paper if a contribution from the Sectitni itf Fattnislir Surveys and Insect Itlenliftcatiou.

(391.30—2M—6-47)



FORE W () R I)

IN 19.?4 a project was or};anizetl to in-

vcstijzatc the Cicadellidac, or Icafhop-

pcrs, of Illinois and to prepare a compre-

hensive report on the fauna of the state.

Dr. D. M. DeLong, Ohio State University,

Columbus, Ohio, very kindly accepted the

post as project leader to direct the field

work, identify the material, and write the

final report. Accordingly, Dr. DeLong was
employed by the Illinois Natural History

Survey as Assistant Entomologist during

the summers of 1934, 1935, 1936, and 1938,

and as Research Entomologist for ihortcr

periods in 1941 and 1945.

In general pattern, the field program for

the leafhopper study followed that for the

.Natural History Survey's study of other

groups, such as the Miridae. From 1934

through 193b collecting trips, to various

parts of the state, were planned to include

as many diverse ecological types as possible.

Areas of natural vegetation provided the

most extensive faunal possibilities. Many
of these exist throughout Illinois in the

state parks and forests, in national forests,

along railroad rights-of-way, and in small

scattered areas that are not readily arable.

Altogether, several hundred thousand leaf-

hoppers were collected, of which over 30,-

000 were mounted for study and added to

the 5.000 specimens already in the Survey

collection. Because of the size of the group

it was decided to exclude from the present

report the large subfamily Cicadellinae

(formerly Typhlocybinae)

.

During the period of the 1930's, the taxo-

nomic status of many leafhopper genera

was in a state of flux, because of the in-

creasing employment of genitalic characters

for specific identification. In consideration

of this, the preparation of the final leaf-

hopper manuscript was postponed for several

years pending studies of various large gen-

era such as Gypona and Idiocirus.

A large portion of the identifications and

preparation of the manuscript was done by

Dr. DcLong at Coliinibus, ( )liiii, and we
are very grateful to him for contributing

so much of his own time to this project.

We also wish to express our gratitude to

Dr. Herbert Osborn of Ohio State Uni-

versity, Dr. P. W. Oman and Dr. H. E.

Dorst of the U. S. Department of Agricul-

ture, and Dr. R. A. Bcamer of the Univer-

sity of Kansas for the loan of drawings or

cuts, for permission to use illustrative ma-
terial, or for other assistance; and to Miss
Ruth V. Hershberger of Ohio State Uni-

versity for making many drawings of diag-

nostic parts.

Several members of our staff in the Sec-

tion of Faunistic Surveys and Insect Identi-

fication have contributed materially to the

project. All members of the section have

assisted with the field program. The origi-

nal total views of leafhoppers are the work
of Dr. Carl O. Mohr, Associate Entomolo-

gist and Artist. Mrs. Elizabeth N. Max-
well, Artist, has contributed many drawings

of diagnostic parts used in the subfamily

and generic keys, and she and the Survey

draftsman, Mr. James W. Curfman, have

assembled, numbered, and lettered the

plates. Miss Phyllis A. Beaver, Laboratory

Assistant, assembled and summarized the

Illinois records in our files, and Dr. B. D.

Burks, Associate Taxonomist, prepared

the bibliography. Adapting the manuscript

to current Survey practices, modifying the

keys to emphasize as much as possible char-

acters that could be illustrated, and inte-

grating in our ofSce the many parts of the

manuscript represent the painstaking and

effectual work of Dr. Milton W. Sander-

son, Associate Taxonomist. The index to

scientific names was made by Mrs. Leonora

K. Gloyd, Laboratory Assistant. We have

enjoyed throughout the help and cooperation

of the Survey Technical Editor. Mr. James
S. Ayars.

Herbert H. Ross,

Systematic Entomologist





c n y '/•
/; .v r s

HIOLOGV

HiliL-rnation.— Keedini,' llahits.

i:C()1.0(;iCAl. RKl.AIIONSHIRS

Sand llaliitats. -Isolated Grass Areas. -Marshes. Woodland .Areas. —(Jpeii Hillsides.

I-.CONO.MIC .S'rA'I'U.S

I'AXONOMV
.Sv sterna tie t'liaraeters.

97

105

106

Ki.v lo ,Sr lu AMii.ii.s 1()8

!•'. U K !• M K 1.1 N A E Ill

.MaCROI'SINAE I 2.1

\ 1 o \ I N A E 1 J I

.Al.Al.l.lINAE 132

Hv 1 HOSCOIMNAE 138

Tei Tl<;ONlEl.l.lNAE 139

KvACANTHINAE 153

Pe.NTHIMIINAE 154

(JVI'ONINAE 155

l.EDRINAE 169

UoRVUIlNAE 170

.Al'llKODINAE 178

.'\1hvsan1nae 181

Jassinae 343

NEOeOKl.IDIlNAE . , .M5

BalCI.UTHINAE .146

ClCADF.l.l.lNAE . . 349

i.ni KA I iKi- CI ri'i)

INDIA

357

367



An area of marbh graises in an oak wooJs near Amboy, Illinois. The diversity of plaiit

species in this spot makes it an ideal collecting ground for leafhoppers. Distinctive forms of

trees, shrubs, herbs, or grasses all occur within this small area.



The Leafhoppers, or Cicadellidae,

of Illinois

(Eurymelinae-Balcluthinae)

D. M. DeLong

TIIK lcatlujp|)crs, or CiVadelliilac, con-

stitute one of the larj;est taniilies of

insects in North America and also in

tile entire world, rivaling in number of

species such groups as the rove beetles, or

Staphylinidae, the hymenopterous family

Ichneumijiiidae, and the weevil family Cur-
culioniilae. When complete, the Illinois list

ut leafhoppers will probably be close to 700

species. This report deals with about half

of the Illinois leafhopper species, compris-

ing 16 subfamilies. The other half belongs

to the large subfamily Cicadellinae, which

i-i not treated in this report except for a key

to the genera.

Three hundred thirty species of the sub-

families here treated are recorded from Illi-

nois. Additional species whose range indi-

cates that they might he found in the state

with subsequent collecting have been added

to the keys for the purpose of giving a more
thorough understanding of the Illinois spe-

cies.

Many leafhopper species are economically

important, either inflicting direct damage
to crops, or transmitting plant diseases.

These species are difficult to differentiate

from many forms considered to be of little

or no economic importance. One of the

principal aims of this report is to set forth

keys and illustrations for their identifica-

tion.

BIOLOGY

Some species of leafhoppers pass the

winter in the egg stage and others in the

adult stage. Overwintering eggs, present in

plant tissues, hatch somewhat late in the

spring, usually in May or June, and the

nymphs feed on the new, tender leaves.

Spejies of leafhoppers that pass the winter

as adults normally come out of their hiber-

nation quarters during the first warm days

of spring and begin to lay eggs as soon as

the leaves of their host are fully developed.

These eggs hatch in about 10 days. There
are five nymphal instars in the life cycle

before the adult stage, which usually re-

quires from 12 to 30 days, depending upon
the species and the climatic conditions. As
a rule, leafhoppers have one or two genera-

tions per year but, where completion of the

cycle is rapid and cropping conditions or

sequence of plants furnishes an abundance
ot food, other generations may be produced.

Empoascii fiibac, the potato leafhopper, and

certain species of Erythroneura produce

probably the largest number of broods.

About 10 years ago, the writer (1938fl)

reported in some detail upon the biology of

the potato leafliopper, which might serve

as a specific example for the discussion of

various biologic phenomena and develop-

mental stages. The adults of this species

may mate within 24 hours after emergence;

the preoviposition period may be as short

as ^ days and it averages less than 6 days.

The eggs are inserted singly into tender

stems of leaf veins. The number of eggs

produced varies considerably in this species.

In general, the females lay eggs for a month
or more and produce about 75 eggs in this

period. In 1926 one second generation

female produced 226 eggs in 47 days, an

average of 4.8 eggs per day. The highest

daily egg-laying record was 8 eggs in a 24-

hour period. In the same year, 51 females

[97]



98 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Fol. 24, An. 2

produced 2, .527 eggs. One female deposited

195 eggs over a period of 92 days and an-

other 216 eggs in 85 days. The average

incubation period for 1,964 observations

during a single season was approximately

10 days. The minimum incubation period

observed was 7 days and the maximum 19

days. There seems to be a definite correla-

tion with temperature conditions.

In the process of hatching, the nymph

pushes itself through the egg membrane and

the plant epidermis; at this time the legs

extend tightly along the ventral side of the

body to the tip of the abdomen. By a back-

ward and forward swaying motion of the

body the legs are freed ; then the tip of the

body is soon freed, and the nymph becomes

active upon the plant. The time required

for nymphal development varies from a

minimum of 10 to a maximum of 22 days,

depending upon temperature. The average

number of days from egg to adult is usually

12 to 14 in a normal season.

Four distinct broods of the potato leaf-

hopper occur, the fourth giving rise to only

a small number of individuals in the north-

ern states.

Hibernation.—Several common species

ol leafhoppers are known to pass the winter

in hibernation as adults in leaf mold and

under the loose bark of trees. Species of

Ai/iiliui, Alacrosteles, Balclutha, Polyamia,

Laevicephalus, Paraphlepsius, Deltocephalus,

Exilian us, and especially species of Ery-
throneura and Empoasca have been collected

in hibernation and have been found coming

out of hibernation in early spring. A large

number of species of E.rythroneura have

been described from hibernating specimens

only and nothing is known of their food

plant and their relationship to plant asso-

ciations.

Field observations and hibernation ex-

perimentation indicate that each spring

Ernpoasni jabae migrates from the south-

ern states into the northern states and does

not normally pass the winter out of doors

ill Illinois or states of similar latitude.

Feeding Habits.— Insofar as known, all

leafhoppers are plant feeders that, in feed-

ing, puncture the tender plant tissues by
piercing-sucking mouthparts. Such feeding
studies as have been made indicate that most
species feed upon the mesophyll and cause a

white stippled appearance upon the foliage.

Empoasca fabae and probably other species
make exploratory punctures deep into the

tissue, causing the mechanical plugging of

xylem and phloem vessels.

Not infrequently leafhoppers bite humans.

Biting is common in certain leafhoppers at-

tracted to lights, especially in little green

species of the genus Empoasca. Their bite

is sharp, but usually produces itching of

only short duration.

ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS

The leafhoppers are usually restricted i

to definite plant species or genera. Thai

plants are in turn limited in their distribu-i

tion to definite habitats due largely to cli-

matic and edaphic conditions. As a result

a species of leafhopper or a group of species

can usually be associated with a definite

habitat or plant association. The leafhoppers,

however, are not invariably found wherevcri

their hosts occur. Some species of leafhop-

pers seem to be distributed throughout the

full range of their food plant, whereas

others seem to be restricted by climatic

factors to an area within the food plant

range. This latter condition is exemplified

by the species of Idiocerus occurring on

Crataegus, which do not occur, apparently,

throughout the entire range of their re-

spective plant hosts.

The state of Illinois, with its long north

and south axis and varied conditions, ex-

hibits a variety of plant associations which

afford interesting collecting and a variety of

interesting northern, southern, and western

species of leafhoppers. A large percentage

of leafhopper species feed upon grasses

sedges, or herbaceous plants, and the vari-

eties of prairies, sandplains, meadows, and

marshes furnish excellent opportunities for

obtaining many interesting records.

Sand Habitats.—The sand prairies alonj:

the upper Mississippi River at Fulton, Han
over, and Thomson, fig. 1, which are unique

in the plant association of the state, contaii

species of leafhoppers that apparently d(

not occur elsewhere in Illinois. Such specie:

as Flexamia t/rammica, which occurs on the

large coarse sand reed (Calamovilfa longi-

folia), and Polyaiiiia herbida, which is foun(

on the short matted grasses of the sani<

habitat, have not been discovered elsewhen

in the state. In the same habitat occui

Flexamia aieolata and abbrez<iita. I'olyninii

rossi, Hebecephalus cruciatus, Parapblep

sius solidaginis, and Clilorotettix brevidus

in addition to several more common species



June. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 99

Fi^. 1.—Sand prairie at Thomson, Illinois. Many unusual leafhoppers of the genera Ftexamla

anJ Polyamia are found in such situations.

In the sand prairie at St. Anne in the east-

ern portion of the state south of Chicago,

we also find Flexamia areolata, and in addi-

tion Flexamia bidentata, Chlorotettix bore-

alis, and Paraphlepsius maiiilosus. On scrub

oak in the same area occur Eutettix pictus

and Pentltimia americana. On the grasses

of a different type of prairie, at Des Plaines,

where wild rose is a prorninent plant species,

Latv'ut phalus prams occurs. The high

well-drained prairie at Decatur contains

two interesting western species of leafhop-

per, the "long-nosed" Doryceplialus platy-

rhynchus and the small striped Cammelliis

comma. On the hot barren denuded soil

in the Mississippi River valley at Alton are

FiS. 2.—Swale and sand dunes along the edge of Lake Michigan near Zion, Illinois. Many
host plants of northern leafhopper species arc restricted in Illinois to this area.



100 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24. Art. 2

Fig. 3.—Mats of bearberry, .irctostaphylos uva-ursi, on the sand ridges along Lalce Michigan,
near Zion, Illinois. This plant is the sole host for Tcxananus cumutatus.

small patches of sparse short grasses upon

which was found Athysaiiella balli.

At Zion, Illinois, the sand prairie along

the shore of Lake Michigan presents still

another habitat type, fig. 2. Here the short

grasses are mixed with prostrate mats of

bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-iirsi) and

ground juniper (Juniperiis horizontalis).

On the grasses are such species as Piiru-

plilepsius turpiculus, Dorydiella kansanii,

Grarjiinella mohri. and Graminella oguakii.

Dorydiella kansana has been taken from
Scleria verticellata in the Eleocharis obtusii

association, and Graininella mohri occurs on

Andropogon furcatus. The mats of bear-

berry, fig. 3, support large populations of

'*«««l# -•'.•».««*»lfc«ll»,^«

FiS- 4.—In the old Lake Michigan basin south and west of Chicago, near Uak Lawn and Ever-
green Park, are many remnants of prairies such as this. They support a leafhopper fauna of
unusual interest.



June. 194S DeLoxc: Leafhoppers of Ii.i.inois 101

Texananus cumitlatus, which apparently is

limited in Illinois to this area alone.

The old Lake Michigan basin, south and

west of the city of Chicago, presents a

series of dry and wet prairies, fig. 4, which

vary considerably in their plant composition.

Certain portions of this area near Ever-

green Park and Oak Lawn have been col-

lected e.\tensively with interesting results.

At Evergreen Park on a heavy mat of

prairie grasses Flexamia rubranura, picta.

iiiflata, Laevicrphalus uiiicoloratus, and

Rtmadosus ma//iius were taken. A typical

prairie species, Mesamia nigridorsum, was

found abundantly on wild sunflower

throughout this prairie. On a moister por-

tion of the prairie, species collected includcii

Gramint'lla aureovittata. Chlorotettix riuji

cullis, spatulatus, fallax, and Dorydiella kan-

sana, which seem entirely out of their range.

since most of them except Chlorotettix

spotiitatiis and Dorydiella kansana have

been described from and occur either in

Florida or along the Gulf or South Atlantic

Coast. On small areas in this same Oak
Lawn region where the water table is high

and mats of fine Eleocharis occur, Delto-

ceplidlus f/narus is found.

Isolated Grass Areas.—Some of the most

interesting captures were made in areas

where isolated islands of more western

vegetation are still present. One such area

is a pure stand of small grass several feet

square which is growing upon the high ex-

posed cliffs west of the stream at White

Pines Forest State Park. Laeviceplinltis

minimus was collected in abundance in this

habitat. On the shaded grasses under the

pine trees Hiiliis deleetor was found.

A similar type of habitat was found at

Apple River Canyon State Park. There a

stream has cut a deep gorge, leaving high

rock-faced cliffs upon which are several

types of wooded and herbaceous vegetation.

Species like Chlorotettix unicolor and halli

are rather abundant on the grasses of the

flood plain. The grasses in the wooded

areas support Chlorotettix lusorius and

Colladonus furculatiis. The entomologist

who wishes to expend the energy to climb to

the top of the rugged cliffs and search out

small patches of short grasses is well repaid

for his efforts by finding Flexarnia peetinata

in specific spots or pockets on the western

clififs. East and south of the Canyon in a

similar situation Folyamia dilata and saxosa.

rare in the state, and Hebecephalus signati-

frons may be found. The last mentioned

species is more often found west of Illinois

and may reach its eastern limit in this state.

Marshes.—Marsh grasses and sedges

furnish inotiier scries of interesting habi-

Fig. 5.—Meadows of Calamayrostis aiui as-

sociated grasses in old lagoons of Lake Michi-

gan, near Zion, Illinois.

tats. Along Lake Michigan, from VVau-

kegan to Zion, extensive meadows of (Uilu-

inaijrostis, fig. 5, and associated grasses have

developed from the old lagoons which were

originally formed along the shores of Lake

.Michigan by wave action. On these grasses

occur A mpUcephalus osborni, Limotettix

strioliis and parallelus, Chlorotettix spatii-

liitus, fallax, obsenus, and Ileealus linealiis.

In the swamp portion, where the water

table is closer to the surface, Mai rosleles

potoria and slossoni are found.

At the shallow margins of Fox Lake,

fig. 6, and other northern Illinois lakes are

often formed large areas that are filled with

species of Typha, Spartina, and associated

sedges and grasses. These associations

abound in Cicadula cyperacea, melanogas-

ter, and smithi (on Spartina Micliauxiana)

and Euscelis sahlbergi. The smaller grasses

in these habitats often support species of

Paraplilepsius, such as humidiis and altus.

In other marshes, fig. 7, are clumps of sedges



102 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin l'ol.24,Art.2.J

i
Fig. 6.—Marshes of varied floral content along the edges of Fox Lake, Illinois,

found a large variety of sedge and grass feeding leafhoppers.

Here

that harbor Laevicephalus shingwauki and

Piirabolocratiis viridis.

Associated with the cypress swamps of

southern Illinois, as at Karnak and Olive

Branch, are marshes that contain tall grasses

and sedges upon which occur Chlorotettlx

dentatus, melanotus, and limosus.

In the marshes of the Chicago area is

an abundance of Hecalus lineatus and Para-

bolocratus viridis, major, and also gratidis.

The tamarack bog at Volo contains large

areas of Vaccinium, fig. 8, upon which live

species of Ophiola.

Woodland Areas.—One of the most

interesting habitats found in the state is the

Herod flood plain, a low flat wooded area

which is only a few feet above the stream

bed and which is furnished with a high

Fig. 7.—Especially rich in leafhopper species are marshes such as this one at Volo, Illinois,

along the edge of a tamarack bog.



June, 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers ok Illinois 103

water table and a resultant moist soil con- species found in this association are I'oly-

dition, thus producing a luxuriant growth amia interrtiptn. Chlorotcttix nudatus,

of vegetation composed of cane (Arundina- lusorius, melanotus, and Paraphlepsius fulvi-

ria tecta), several types of grasses, many dorsum. Where Impatiens is found growing

Fig. 8.—Leafhoppcr? of the genus Uplr.ola are

in a bog near V'olo, Illinois.

annual herbaceous plants, and a tew per-

ennials. On the cane were found several

species of Arundanus, namely, nacreosus,

flavotinctus, marginellus, and arundineus.

Chlorotettix suturalis, and Polyamia arun-

dinea. The grasses and herbaceous plants

support several species, the more interest-

ing of which are Chlorotettix irldescens,

balli, and nudatus. Paraphlepsius rossi. Kolln

geometriea. and Polyamia alhoneura. L pon

the small grasses at the margin of the

stream in this shaded habitat is found Poly-

amia brcvipentiis.

The wooded areas, fig. 9, produce a

variety of types of associations in different

areas of the state. A wooded glen at Rocky

Branch, Dolson, proved to he one of the

areas containing the greatest abundance of

species of leafhoppers. Several species of

Cloanthanus and several species of Sca-

phoideus including nigrellus, which was
taken only at this point, occur in this asso-

ciation. The association is composed of an

open mixed mesophytic forest with a luxuri-

ant growth of shrubs and herbaceous vege-

tation, some of which occur in ratlier low

moist areas and some of which are found

only on well-drained slopes. Some common

fuuiiil on I'manium , which grows extensively

in shaded areas, .Mm rostelcs z'ariata oc-

curs.

.Near Shawneetown in the Ohio River

area arc shaded meadow grasses in low

areas; upon the luxuriant growth occur

such species as Chlorotettix attenuatus and

balli and Paraphlepsius latifrons. At Vienna

and Savanna where other types of open

woodland are found, Ophiola anthracina

and Osbornellus unicolor occur on the her-

baceous vegetation.

In several places such as Oakwood and

Eichorn, large patches of wild rice (Ely-

mus) are growing in shaded places along

streams or in low flat woods. On this food

plant are found specimens of Elymnna inor-

iiata and acrita.

The woodland trees themselves, in addi-

tion to furnishing shaded conditions for her-

baceous plants, support several species of

leafhoppers. Certain genera are apparently

limited in their feeding habits to species of

trees. As an example many of the species

of Idiocerus occur upon willows: Idiocerus

siiowi, alteriiaius, pallidas, and moniliferae.

In addition Macropsis viridis, Empoasca
oliliisa. Neokolla hieroylyphica, and other

leafhoppers are found on willows. The



104 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin l'ol.24,Art.2

Fig. 9.—A lush growth of herbs in a wooded glade at Starved Rock State Park, Illinois.

Such a habitat supports a leafhopper fauna very diiferent from that found in the prairies.

Fig. 10.—Rolling hills near lili/alu-th, Illinois. Both the open prairie and the hazel and aspen

clumps (center background) have a distinctive leafhopper fauna.



June. 194S DeLoxg: Leafiioppers of Ii.mnois 105

Carolina poplar is a tree occurring in the

same habitat with the willow which sup-

ports species of liliocerus and Alacrnfisis.

Upon Lombard)- poplar have been found

Idiocerus scurrus and Fieberiella fiorii; the

latter species also occurs upon some of the

ornamental shrubs. A common ornamental

shrub, Tamarix, which grows wild in cer-

tain areas of the United States, supports

large populations of a bright green leaf-

hopper, Opsins sificl'/ffiilns. Certain species

of oak are food plants for Alchra idhtjstri-

flla. Entillix pictus and luriilus, and Pen-
Ihimia ainericanti. The maples are usually

infested with Japananus hyalinus. The wal-

nut is the food plant for Oncopsis veriicis,

and the honey locust supports Stragania

apiralis and Macrnpsis furnipennis var.

gleditscliiae. Species of Crataegus are the

food plants of Idioeerus crataegi, fitelii, and
piovaiuheri. Certain species of Seaphoideus,

Gyponana, and Puniina live normally upon
American elm. Idioeerus hebetus is a com-
mon species on quaking aspen. Seaphoideus

opalinus, Idioeerus apaehe var. jnniperus,

and Empoasea junipera are common species

on juniper. These and many other species

occur upon nur common species of trees, but

more especially should be mentioned the fact

that practically all species of forest and
shade trees are food plants for many species

of Erylhroneura, Empoasea, and Typhlo-
eyliti, genera which have been mentioned
only superficially in the present study.

Open Hillsides.—The hillside pastures

and short grass meadows of the Ozark
foothills in the southern portion of the state

present interesting associations and here

many species have been taken in a single

pasture. Space prevents the enumeration
of all such species but the more common
and interesting are Aeurhinus pyrops, Para-
plilepsins irroratus, truneatus, tennessa, and
pusillus. Texaniinns superbus, Chlorotettix

galbanalus, neeopinus, and viridius, Poly-
amia inimiea, weedi, obteeta, and simi-

laris. Flexamia piela and inflatii, and Delto-
eephalus sonorus and flavieostus.

The hillside pastures of the Jo Daviess
hills, fig. 10, in the northwestern corner of

the state contain several of the same species.

In addition to those, AthysancUa aeutieauda
i-i a common species in this northwestern pas-

ture region. Many other species of leafhop-

pers occur on the open prairie and in the

hazel and aspen clumps of this part of the
state.

ECONOMIC STATUS

Several species of Illinois leafhoppers are

known as pests of various plants and crops.

Thin piercing-sucking mouthparts injure

plants by piercing the cells and vessels of

the leaf or stem and sucking out the plant

fluids. Slight injury may also be caused

by the egg punctures of the larger species,

which oviposit in leaf tissues.

The potato leafhopper, Empoasea fahae,

is a major pest of potatoes in Illinois. The
browning and curling leaf injury known as

hopperburn apparently is caused by this leaf-

hopper through the plugging of the con-

ductive tissues of the stalks or veins. Where
such injury occurs it prevents the manufac-
ture and tr.inslocation of starches in the

plant and usually the formation of potato

tubers. This type of injury is not produced

by other species of leafhoppers.

The rapid multiplication and growth of

potato leafhoppers results in heavy popula-

tions and severe injury to potatoes in seasons

of normal climate. Heavy populations of

this pest also cause injury to other crops.

Beans are injured by a cupping or curling

of the leaves with the top of the leaf

appearing humped. A hopperburn condition

is often produced on rhubarb. On alfalfa

a yellowing of the leaves is caused by leaf-

hoppers, and young apple trees arc fre-

quently injured by the insects, which cause

a severe curling of the newer leaves.

Apples are injured severely in certain

seasons by leafhoppers of several genera.

Species of Erylhroneura and Typhloeybn,

as well as Empoasea, cause damage, and
species of Gyponana, Idioeerus, and other

genera may occasionally become pests. The
more abundant and common species infest-

ing apples are Erylhroneura laivsoniana,

maeulala, obliqua, harlii, and ziezae, Typh-
loeyba po/naria, and Empoasea fabae and

maligna.

The species of Erylhroneura hibernate as

adults and lay eggs on the young developing

shoots or leaves of apple in May and June.

T he eggs of Typhloeyba pomaria, Empoasea
maligna, and of species of Gyponana and

Idioeerus pass the winter in the bark of

twigs and hatch early in the spring. In

view of this fact, the populations upon the

apple tree are composed of a complex of

adults and immature forms of the various

species. Severe populations cause the leaves

to become stippled with white puncture



106 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J ol. 24, Art. 2

spots and often to turn brown and fall.

When the apples are ripening in the autumn,

the populations are often so abundant that

the fruit is coated with "honeydew" excre-

tions. It is common for the sooty fungus

to grow in this e.xcretion. The large Gypo-

nana leafhoppers make rather large egg

punctures in the new twig growth. These

k-afhoppcrs probably are not of economic

importance, but they leave large scars and

occasionally become abundant. It is diffi-

cult to control them.

Certain species of lirythroiiciirii, espe-

cially tomes and tr'uintla, usually become

pests of grapes, attacking the leaves and

causing them to turn whitish, then yellow,

and finally brown before they fall to the

[ground prematurely. Uy the time this par-

tial defoliation occurs, the grapes are fully

developed but not matured. The green

leaves are necessary to produce the sugars

for maturing the fruit. As a result of leaf-

hopper attack, the marketed grapes are often

sour and the cjuality is decidedly impaired

by leafhopper defoliation.

Clover and alfalfa harbor a number of

leafhopper species, among which are Ater-

atagallia sanguiuolenta, known as the clover

leafhopper, Polyamia inirnica, Unerus nigri-

jroiis, Exitianus obscurinervus, Macrosieles

tlivisOj AgalUa constricta, Cloatithanus fron-

talis and acutus, and Empoasca fabae. The
most severe leafhopper pest of alfalfa is

undoubtedly Empoasca fabae.

P'orage crops of all kinds are attacked by

leafhoppers, which are usually considered

as minor pests of these crops but occasion-

ally become quite abundant. The leafhop-

pers most often present on forage crops are

Draeculacephala spp., Graminella nigri-

frons, Polyamia inimica, Exitianus obscurin-

ervis, Aiacrosteles divisa, Psammotettix

striaius, Paraphlepsius irroratus, and Cloan-

thanus spp.

In addition to causing injury by direct

attacks, certain species of leafhoppers are

important as vectors in the transmission of

plant diseases. The sugar beet leafhopper,

Norvellina tcnella, one of the best known
of this group, transmits to sugar beet and

other plants the virus disease causing curly

top. In the early 1930's this disease was
found on horse-radish in Illinois, associated

with large populations of the vector. That in-

festation was apparently caused by a migra-

tion; leafhopper and disease disappeared in

1937 and have not recurred in Illinois since.

Macropsis trimaciilata has been proved

to transmit yellows, a disease fatal to peach

trees. Macrosteles divisa, a common species

on many types of plants, has been proved

to be vector of another virus disease, aster

yellows.

Where cranberries are grown commer-

cially in the northern bog areas, Opiiiola

striatula and osborni are pests; the former

has been demonstrated to be the vector of

a virus disease known as false blossom of

cranberries. Yellow dwarf of potatoes has

been readily transmitted by Aceratagallin

sanguinolenta.

TAXONOMY
The Cicadellidae are most readily dis'

tinguished from other families of Homop-
tera by two rows of prominent spines on the

long hind tibiae. The head usually bears

two ocelli well separated from the large

compound eyes by the basal portion of the

vertex. Throughout the group the verte.v

varies greatly in length and general struc-

ture. In some genera it is very short and

parallel margined and in others extremely

long and foliaceous. Each of the first pair

of wings has a definite claval area and a

corium. The clavus in some genera is

reticulate veined. In most genera the corium

is crossed by two veins, frequently called

the first and second sectors; the first sector

is branched on the corium, forming an outer

and inner branch; and there are usually

one or two crossveins between the first and

second sectors, always a row of apical veins,

and usually a row of anteapicals. In a few

species both brachypterous and macropter-

ous forms occur.

In size, individuals of this group range

from 3 to 12 millimeters in length. Usually

the females are larger than the males and

often differ from them in color and struc-

ture.

Some of the more recent and useful papers

on the taxonomy of leafhoppers are by John-

son (1935) on the Cicadellinae (Typhlocy-

binae) of Ohio, Oman (1937, 1938«) on

some North American and South American

leafhopper genera, and Osborn (1928) on

Ohio leafhoppers. Other useful works are

a publication on Minnesota leafhoppers by

Medler (1942), and a check list of Nearctic

leafhoppers by DeLong & Knull (1945).

These references contain many bibliographic

citations to the Cicadellidae.

I



Jiinr, 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 107

clavol wein_.

claval suture

1st sector_.

2nd sector.

ontanna

.vertex

ocellus

costal area

outer branch 1st sector.

inner branch 1st sector L

1st cross nervure

discal eel

2nd cross nervure

commlssurol line.

anteapical cell

Inner onteopical ce

outer anteapical ce

appendix

apical cells

ovipositor_JlaL'

Fig. 11.

—

Latulus confiijiiralus. Figures illustrating terminology- for parts of body,

and male and female external genitalia.

elytron,

Systematic Characters.—The Cicadel-

lidae are divided into subfamilies chiefly

on the basis of position of ocelli, sutures

of head, shape of pronotum, and venation,

fi;;. 11. The iieneral type and comparative

length of head and the curvature of the ver-

tex or the presence or absence of a folia-

ccous margin assist in the separation of gen-

era in certain groups. Wing venational pat-

terns, the presence or absence of certain

branches, and the presence or relative num-
bers of reticulate crossveins or refle.ved

costal veinlets are valuable characters for

generic distinctions. In the Cicadelllnae the

second pair of wings contains diagnostic

venational characters in addition to those

ill the first pair of wings. The generic

separation ot the members of this subfamily

may be accomplished almost entirely upon

the basis of wing venation. The male genital

structures often assist in placing a species

in its genus even though the entire specimen

e.vcept this portion may be missing.

In most leafhopper groups the internal

chitinous pieces of the male genitalia, fig. 12.

are the most reliable structures known to

date for specific diagnosis. In certain genera,

those of the Macropsinae for example, we

have been unable to date to distinguish the

species by the genitalia ; hence their species



108 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J' ol. 24, Art. 2

Style

connective

\4- — valve

ix_aedeagus

\

style

I

I

aedeogus aedeagus
/ process

--^—f aedeogus

! / aedeogus
7 /

~"^"^ processes

Fi^. 12.

—

Chlorotcttix dentalus. Figures of male

terminology of parts.

are separated largely on the basis of color 2.

patterns. The external structures of the

male are often very useful for separating

species, but as a rule the internal structures

of the genital cavity are more specific, espe-

cially the aedeagus and paired styles. In

certain genera the shape and excavation or

curvature of the posterior margin of the

seventh sternite of the female, designated 3.

in some publications as the last ventral seg-

ment, is excellent for species separation. In

other groups, the female seventh sternite

in as many as 50 or more similarly colored

or marked species may be identical. In such

cases it is almost impossible to key the

females to species. Insofar as possible, both

sexes have been keyed to species in this

report. Even when not used in the keys,

the male genital structures have been illus-

trated if of value in assisting students to 5.

check the identity of species.

The keys to the subfamilies and genera

were devised largely for the separation of

the members of groups known to occur in

Illinois and nearby states.

Key to Subfamilies

1. I'Vons long and nearly parallel sided or a
little narrowed dorsad, figs. 13, 14; eyes
large and separated on meson by less

than greatest width of eye, fig. 24 6.

Jassinae, p. 343
Frons expanding dorsad, as in figs. IS,

16; eyes smaller and usually separated
on meson by one or more times width of
eye 2

internal and external genitalia illustrating

Vertex between eyes very short and from

5 to 13 times wider than median length,

as in figs. 2b, 29; ocelli on extreme front

margin of vertex or on face, as in figs.

17, 18 3

Vertex between eyes generally long and
2 to 4 times wider than median length,

as in figs. 28, 31; ocelli above, or on

front margin of vertex, or absent, as in

figs. 27, 31.. 9

Anterior margin of pronotum extended

beyond a line through the anterior

margins of eyes, as in fig. 26 4

Anterior margin of pronotum not extended

beyond anterior margins of eyes, as in

figs. 27,29 6

P'rontal suture extending beyond antennal

pit and curved on inside of ocellus, fig.

16; veins of elytra each with a double

row of punctures on margins, fig. 95. . . .

Nioninae, p. 131

Frontal suture ending at or near antennal

pit, figs. 92, 93; veins of elytra without

punctures.
Vertex obtusely angulate, fig. 26; an-

terior margin of pronotum produced

from one-third to nearly one-half its

length beyond anterior margins of eyes;

head and pronotum punctured or with

irregular raised lines

Macropsinae, p. 123

Vertex broadly rounded, figs. 96, 104;

anterior margin of pronotum produced

not more than one-fifth or one-sixth

its length beyond anterior margins of

eyes; head and pronotum finely granu-

late Agalliinae, p. 132

Frontal suture extending beyond antennal

pit nearly to ocellus, as in fig. 19; head

wider than pronotum; elytra bare be^

tween veins '

Frontal suture ending at antennal pit,

as in fig. 17 8



Jiinr. 1948 DeLono: Lf.afhoppp.rs of Ii.t.inois 109

Body large and robust, the elytra inflated

behind; ocellus, fig. 19, closer to eye
than middle of vertex and directly

above antennal base. 1 he genus Re-
madosus in Athysaninae, p. 181

Body slender, tig. .34, the elytra narrowed
behind; ocellus, tig. 18, almost exactly

halfway between eye and middle of ver-

tex on inside of a perpendicular line

through antennal base
Eurynielinae, p. Ill

Head, fig. 29, narrower than pronotum;
elytra with many short hairs between
veins Bythoscopinae, p. 138

Head, fig. 98, wider than pronotum;
elytra bare. The genus .iiertilii^aUiii in

Agalliinae, p. 132

.A median longitudinal carina on front and
on vertex, and another extending from

in.

11.

inner margin of eye to middle of front
margin, fig. 30 . . Evacanthinae, p. 153

Carina absent on front and only occasion-
ally present on vertex 10

Ocelli on disc of vertex between eyes but
remote from eyes and anterior margin,
figs. 31, 33 11

Ocelli, when present, on or near anterior
margin of vertex, as in figs. 205, 206. . . .

,
.

." .14
b.ach clavus without veins or stripes;

terminal membrane of each elytron,
fig. 152/J, wide on inside and broadly
overlapping at suture; body short and
broad, with apexes of elytra conspicu-
ously sloping . . Penthimiinae, p. 154

Each clavus with one or more distinct

veins or veinlike dark stripes, as in

figs. 128-130; terminal membrane on

21 22

Faces of C'icailclliilae

Fig. 1.^.

—

Tini)hreijmiis I'irijrscens

Fig. 14.

—

Jassus otitorius.

Fig. 15.

—

C/ilorolrttix unicolnr.

Fiii. 16.

—

Nionia palmeri.

Fig. 17.

—

Stragtin'ui spiralis.

Fig. 23.-

F'ig. 18.

—

Iiliiifrnu lin hrymalis.

Fig. 19.

—

RemaJnsus maijnns.

Fig. 20.

—

Nenkolln li'ifrncjlypli'un.

Fig. 21.

—

Xrrfiphlnra miijnr.

Fig. 22.

—

Ponatia (iiiadralaha,

-Typhtoiyha lunUaruhra.



110 Ii.r.iNois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24. Art. 2

26

29

31

32 33

Heads of Cicadellidae

g. 24.

—

Jassus olitorius.

g. 25.

—

Nesostclcs negleclus.

g. 26.

—

Macropsts I'lndis.

g. 27.

—

Xeslocephalus puticariin

g. 28.

—

BaUlulIia abdominalis.

g. 29.

—

Stragania apicalis.

g. 30.

—

Evittantlnts acumhiatits.

tS. 31.

—

N t'dki/tla hirroglypli'uii.

g. 32.

—

A pliroJrs nervosus 9 .

g. 33.

—

Gyponana oclolineala.

inner margin of each elytron at apex
narrow, and at most only narrowly over-

lapping; body more elongate 12

12. I'rontal sutures extending over anterior

margin of vertex nearly to ocelli, figs.

20, 31; margin of vertex very blunt and
broadly rounded to front, or bulbous. . .

Tettigoniellinae, p. 139

I'rontal sutures terminating below an-

terior margin of front, as in figs. 21, 22;

margin of vertex not more than slightly

thickened, sometimes thin and foliaceous

13

13. Clypeus, fig. 21, small, oval, very convex;
antennal pit with a slight rounded con-

vexity in front; dorsum, fig. 182, nearly

uniformly covered with deep rounded
pits Ledrinae, p. 169

Clypeus, fig. 22, larger, parallel sided,

slightly convex; antennal pit with a

distinct transverse sharp ridge above,
reaching eye; body not pitted though
shallowly punctured along veins

Gyponinae, p. 155

14. Klytra, fig. 403, short and broadly rounded,
exposing five or more abdominal seg-

ments; nearly all veins, if distinct,

reaching apical margin and usually with-

out closed cells on disc before elytral

apex, as in fig. 237
Athysaninae, p. 181

F.lytra long, as in fig. 229, and exposing at

most the tip of abdomen; at least two
or more distinct cells on disc of each

elytron, as in figs. 200, 230 _. . . 15

15. Klytral nervures usually not branching on
disc and without crossveins anterior to

apical crossveins, figs. 490-499; ocelli

often absent; lorae usually long and
narrow, fig. 23. . . Cicadellinae, p. 349

Hither elytral nervures branching on the

disc, or crossveins present anterior to

apical crossveins, figs. 211-230; ocelli

usually present; lorae not especially

elongated, fig. 15 16

16. Ocellus distant from eye, located approxi-

mately half way between inner margin
of eye and middle of front margin, fig.

27 17

Ocellus very close to eye at no more than
one-third the distance between inner

margin of eye and middle of front mar-
gin, and situated on front margin or

only slightly behind, as in figs. 186^,
188. .... 20

17. Vertex raised in front of and above eye so

that eye appears to be somewhat sunken
|

in head, fig. 487
Neocoelidiinae, p. 345

Vertex not raised in front of or above eye,

the vertex appearing to be nearly con-

tinuous with eye, as in fig. 25 18

18. Margin of vertex bluntly to evenly rounded
to face, fig. 197, and with ocelli situated

on or appearing to touch extreme front

.margin when viewed from above, fig.

27 19

Vertex more angulate with the front, and
with ocelli a little lichind front margin

Aphrodinae, p. 178

19. Head narrower than pronotum, fig. 27:

1



J in,,-. 19-fS DeLoxc, : Leafiioppkrs ok Illinois 111

apexes of elytra mottled brown. The
genus Xeslocephalus in

Aphrodinae, p. 178
Head wider than pronotum, fig. 463;

apexes ot elytra not mottled brown,
though often dark with light veins. The
genus Cicaditla in

Athysaninae, p. 181

20. Vertex produced, anterior margin thin,

sharp, and foliaceous, figs. 186-190.
. . .

Dorydiinae, p. 170
\'ertcx often flattened and acutely angled

but rarely thin, sharp, and toliaceous on
entire margin, figs. 200, 210 21

21. Inner sector ot forewing twice forked,

forming three anteapical cells, fig. 214;
hind wing with tour apical cells

Athysaninae, p. 181

Inner sector of forewing not forked, with
two anteapical cells, fig. 213; hind wing
with three apical cells 22

22. Head distinctly narrower than pronotum,
or, if as wide, then with vertex broad,
almost parallel margined, scarcely pro-

duced at middle, and without definite

color markings, tigs. 28, 488
Balcluthinae, p. 346

Head as wide as or wider than pronotum,
figs. 469, 472; vertex produced at middle,
usually bluntly angled, marked with
black spots or broken transverse bands

Athysaninae, p. 181

Subfamily EURYMELINAE
The members of this subfamily are wedfjc

shaped in appearance and have short broad

vertexes that are rounded to the front; the

ocelli are on the face. Each of the fore-

uiiigs has a large and distinct appendix.

This group is represented in the United

States by only one genus, Idiocerus.

1. IDIOCERUS Lewis

Idiiiccrus Lewis (1835, p. 47).

Fig. 34. Head short, broader than prono-

tum. V'erte.x short, parallel margined, and
broadly rounded to front. Male antennae

frequently bearing characteristic discs near

their apexes. Elytra usually longer than

abdomen, narrow, each with a distinct ap-

pendix, narrowly rolled or folded at apex.

So far as is known this group is entirely

tree or shrub inhabiting, and the greater

number of species occur on willow, poplar,

aspen, and species of Crataegus. About 75

species and varieties occur in the United

States; 17 have been collected in Illinois.

Kev to Species

1. Vertex without definite round black spots
on margin, figs. 35-45 2

Fi^. 34.

—

Idiocerus fitchi: a, adult; b, female
genitalia; c, male genitalia; d, elytron; e,

nymph, (From Osborn.)

Vertex marked with two or more round
black spots on margin, figs. 46-56 .12

2. I'ale yellow or green, with a broad fuscous
stripe arising on scutellum, fig. 35, and
extending along inner margins of elytra
to apex of clavus, often broken or in-

terrupted 1. suturalis
Green, yellow, or brown, but without a

stripe along inner margins of elytra. . ,3

3. Length not exceeding 5.0 mm 4
Length 5.5 mm. or more 7

4. Pronotum and scutellum irrorate, fig. 37;
elytra fuscous, costal margins white , .

3. apertus
Pronotum and scutellum not irrorate,

elytra not fuscous; color pale green or
yellow 5

5. Klytra pale, faintly banded by pale bronze
or fuscous transverse bands; each male
antenna simple 2. cognatus

Klytra pale, not banded or marked; each
male antenna with small disc 6

6. Dorsal portion of aedeagus, fig. 60, ter-

minating in a small narrow rounded
process 4. incotnptus

Dorsal portion of aedeagus, fig. 61, trans-

verse, with lateral pointed processes
widely produced 5. nervatus

7. Klytra green or iridescent gold, not marked
with brown 8

Klytra brown, with pale markings, or pale,

with brown markings 10

8. Klytra white or pale green; each male
antennal disc elongate, ovate 9

Klytra iridescent gold; each male an-
tennal disc broader, elongate, subovate.

7. duzeei



112 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol.24, Art.

2

SUTURALIS

NERVATUS

DUZEEI SCURRUS

HEBETUS VARIUS RAMENTOSUS

CRATAEGI

49

PROVANCHERI
FITCHI

SUBNITENS JUNIPERUS SNOWI

MONILIFERAE

ALTERNATUS

Fi|is. 35-36.

—

Idlocerus, head, pioiiotiim, and scutellum. Color patterns and shapes of typical

representatives of 22 species are shown.



June, 194fs DeLonc: Leafhoi'I'Ers of Illinois 113

HEBETUS L^ TELUS ^ SCURRUS

Figs. 57-68.

—

Idiocerus, male genitalia.



114 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin r<,L2-t.Ari.2

10.

Dorsal portion ot aedeagus, fig. 62, narrow
and rounded at apex; spines at terminus
ot ventral portion long, not webbed to

aedeagus shaft 6. pallidas
Dorsal portion of aedeagus, fig. 67,

terminating in a broad diamond-shaped
process; spines at the terminus of

ventral aedeagus process appearing
webbed to aedeagus shaft 8. telus

Klytra brown, with pale spots on veins,

especially on each clavus; each male

antenna simple, without disc

9. scurrus
Elytra white, veins marked with brown;
each male antennal disc large, elongate,
and black H

Pale, without conspicuous dark markings,
fig. 44; each style, fig. 66, with one
prominent spine at apex; diamond-
shaped terminus of dorsal aedeagus
process small 10. hebetus

Usually with darker conspicuous color

JUNIPERUS
FITCHI VARIUS

Figs. 69-78.

—

Idioccrus, male genitalia.

MONILIFERAE



Jim, . 194S DeLong: Leafiiopi'ers of Illinois 115

FITCHI 89 JUNIPERUS 90 MONILIFERAE

Fi^s. 79-91.

—

hlioifnu, female seventh stcriiite.

markings; each style, fig. 65, with two
prominent proximal parallel spines at

apex; diamond-shaped terminus of dor-
sal aedcagus process large, conspicuous,

lachrymalis ^see 10. hehetust

Klytra marked with a white transverse
band at apex of each clavus

11. subnitens
Klytra often mottled but without a white

transverse band at apex of each clavus. .

^
13

Vertex marked hy a transverse brownish
band variously intensified, as in figs. 44,

45, frequently enclosing the round black
spots 14

N'ertex without a transverse brown or

black band 15
I'ale, without conspicuous dark markings;

style, fig. 6(), with one prominent spine
at apex; diamond-shaped terminus of
dorsal aedeagus process small .

10. hebetus
I sually with darker conspicuous color

markings; style, fig. 65, with two promi-

15.

16.

17.

nent proximal parallel spines at apex;
diamond-shaped terminus of dorsal

aedeagus process large, conspicuous
lachrymalis (see 10. Iiehetus)

Black spots on vertex large, appearing
proximal to eyes 16

Black spots on vertex not more than half

as large, often very small, appearing
more distant from eyes 19

Color rather uniform, pale or dull brown,
without markings; elytra brownish hya-
line, veins often darker

12. ramentosus
Color not uniform, but pale brown marked

with black and yellow, or dark brown,
with pale markings

^
17

Dirty yellow to pale gray; a pair of black

spots on anterior margin of pronotum,
fig. 48; basal angles of scutellum black;

elytra pale, subhyaline, veins brown . ,

13. crataegi

Dark brown or chestnut brown, pronotum
and scutellum with pale markings .18

Basal two-thirds of elytra entirely white,



116 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Jol. 24, Art. 2

tinted with yellow except for :i liroad

black band on inner margin next to

scutellum; scutellum, fig. 49, nearly

uniform chestnut brown
14. provancheri

Basal portion of each clavus pale brown,

with darker veins and a small white spot

at apex of second claval vein; scutellum,

fig. 50, mostly brown, lateral and apical

portions white 15. fitchi

19. F.lytra marked by two faint transverse

bronze or pale brownish bands
2. cognatus

Elytra marked with dark brown and with-

out definite bands .20

20. Veins concolorous or uniform yellowish;

body pale in color 21

Veins alternately white and dark brown;

body darker in color 22

21. Length 5.25-5.75 mm.; usually with a

narrow brown stripe extending along

claval portion of inner margins of elytra;

each male antenna without disc

16. snowi
Length not exceeding 5.0 mm.; basal

angles of scutellum, fig. 52, with brown
triangular spots, but without markings
on elytra; each male antenna with large

oval disc 17. rotundens
22. Brownish in color; veins alternately brown

and white, not conspicuously marked;
each male antennal disc elongate, black

23

Darker brown, more heavily marked on
vertex, pronotum, scutellum, and elytra,

fig. 51; veins broadly, heavily, and more
conspicuously marked with alternating

brown and white areas; each male
antenna simple, without disc

21. moniliferae
23. Dorsal process of aedeagus, fig. 77, small,

rounded at apex, scarcely broader than
ventral aedeagus shaft 18. varius

Dorsal process of aedeagus broad, terminal
processes laterally pointed or hooked,
as in figs. 72, 75 24

24. Dorsal aedeagus process, fig. 75, with
lateral terminal portions bent anteriorly,

gradually curved concavely on anterior

margin to median shaft

19. apache var. juniperus
Dorsal aedeagus process, fig. 72, with

lateral terminal projections sharp point-

ed and straight, abruptly narrowed an-

teriorly to shaft of aedeagus
20. alternatus

1. Idiocerus suturalis Fitch

Idiocerus suturalis Fitch (1851, p. 59).

Fig. 35. Length 5.0-5.75 mm. Pale

yellow, with a dark brown stripe along the

suture of elytra, this sometimes interrupted,

but often continuing to scutellum and pro-

notum. Vertex unmarked. Elytra yellow-

ish hyaline, apexes smoky. Male antennal

discs elongate, black. Female seventh ster-

nite, fig. 79, with posterior margin rather

strongly and roundedly produced. Male
plates narrow and elongate. Each style, fig.

57. tapered on anterior margin just before

apex, with a single apical spine; ventral

portion of aedeagus with rather long slender

barbs at base of the terminal head; dorsal

portion of aedeagus rounded at base and

apex, constricted at middle, the apical por-

tion gradually broadened to about three

times the width of the shaft, the apical mar-

gin broadly rounded.

This species is widely distributed in the

eastern United States, and ranges west to]

Colorado. It has been taken from willow,'

poplar, and birch.

Illinois Records.

—

Apple River Canyon
State Park: July 11, 1934, DeLong &j
Ross, 1 $ ;

June 29, 1935, DeLong & Ross.j

U, 25. Galena: July 8, 1917, 1 § ;'

June 20, 1932, Dozier & Mohr, 2$;
July 10, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 45, 5$.
Grand Detour: July 2, 1932, Dozier &
Mohr, 1 ? . McHenry: July 31, 1884, 1 5 .

Oak L.mvn: Aug. 24, 1933, Prison & Ross,

69. Putnam: July 6, 1934, Ross & De-

Long, 1 9

.

2. Idiocerus cognatus Pieber

Idiocerus cognatus Fieber (1868, p. 455).

Fig. 36. Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Pale, ap-

pearing faintly banded. Female usually

with two small but well-defined black spots

on vertex. Male with spots often faint or

wanting. Face pale, with a central spot

above extending on to vertex, with the small

black spots either side. Pronotum pale gray

with margins lighter, yellowish. Scutellum

pale brown. Each elytron pale, subhyaline,

veins of apical fourth brown, a brownish

band at middle formed by a brownish colora-

tion on veins. Each male antenna simple.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 80, slightly

but broadly and roundedly produced. Male

plates elongate, narrow. Each style, fig. 58,

rather broad and uniform in width through-

out apical half, pointed at apex; ventral

portion of aedeagus with a headlike struc-

ture, at the base of which is a pair of short

barblike spines; dorsal portion of the aedea-

gus broadened and pointed on each lateral

margin and bluntly pointed at apex.

This species has been found commonly in

the eastern United States on Populus ulha.

Illinois Record.

—

Urban a: Aug. 16,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 3 5 .



Jun,, 1948 DeLoxc: Lf.akhoi' I'KRS ()|- 1 I.I.I NOIS 117

3. Idiocenis apcrtiis DeLong &
Hershberger

Idwterus aprrtus OeLons; it Hershberger
(l'M7, p. 46).

Fij;. 81. Length, male 4.5 mm. In form

ami general appearance similar to inrvalits.

but pale brownish in color. Vertex, fig. 37,

broadly rounded, a little shorter at middle

than ne.\t to eyes; yellowish, tinted with

brown, the central portion brownish. Disc

of pronotum, basal angles of scutellum, and

basal portions of elytra tinted with brown.

Elytra subhyaline, with pale brownish veins.

.Male plates elongate, rather narrow, ape.xes

broadly rounded. Styles, fig. 59, strongly

curved outwardly, apex of each bluntly

pointed and bearing a pair of conspicuous

spines; aedeagus with ventral portion form-

ing a slightly enlarged apical head that

has a barbed spine at base on either side;

dorsal portion n(jt quite so long as ventral

and broadened at apex to form a pointed

protrusion at either side and a broad

slightly produced apical margin.

This species probably occurs in the south-

ern portion of the state. It has been col-

lected in Tennessee.

4. Idioceriis incomptus DeLong &
Hershberger

Idiocerus incomptus DeLong k Hersfiberger
(19+7, p. +5).

Fig. 38. Length 4.5 mm. Resembling
neri'atus in form and coloration, but with

distinct male genitalia. Color pale green to

yellow green, without markings except pale

brownish spots on basal angles of scutellum.

Elytra subhyaline, with pale veins. Dark
veins of under wings conspicuous from
above. Face pale, slightly infuscated above.

Each antennal disc slightly enlarged, elon-

gate, black at apex. Male plates elongate,

rather narrow, apexes broadly rounded;
each style, fig. 60, rather narrow and tapered

about two-thirds of its length to form
pointed apex, which bears a large spine;

ventral portion of aedeagus only slightly

narrowed from base to apex, the latter

rounded and bearing a short spine on either

side about one-fifth the distance from apex;

dorsal portion of aedeagus constricted at

middle, forming a rounded portion at base,

which is distinctly wider than the ventral

process, and also forming a smaller rounded
portion just slightly «*ider than the ventral

process at apex; terminal rounded portion
ending just anterior to spines of ventral
process.

Illinois Record.

—

Horseshoe Lake:
cypress, July II, 19.55, DeLong & Ross.

S. Idiocerus m'li'atiis Van Duzee

IJiijcirus nervaliu Van Duzee (1894//, pn 194
2US).

Fig. 39. Length 4.0-1.5 mm. Small,
pale green, without dark markings o[i

vertex. Hasal angles of scutellum brown,
and the brown nervures of the wings con-

spicuous through the pale greenish hyaline

elytra. Each male antenna with small disc.

I'emale seventh sternite, fig. 82, with pos-

terior margin broadly truncate. Male plates

long and narrow. Each style, fig. 61, gradu-
ally tapered on apical half to rather narrow
apex and bearing a single prominent spine;

ventral aedeagus bearing a headlike portion

with a pair of very short barblike spines at

base; dorsal aedeagus portion abruptly

broadened at apex to form a short broad
piocess pointed on each lateral margin and
bluntly pointed at apex.

Ibis species occurs on willows with pul-

iuliis, which it closely resembles. It can be

distinguished by its smaller size and the

dark basal angles of scutellum. It is widely

distributed in the eastern United States and

the Middle West and ranges west into Ari-

zona and California.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken March 24 to October 2, are

from Algonquin, Alto Pass, Apple River

Canyon State Park, Ashley, Carlinville,

Cave in Rock, Chemung, Dongola, Foun-

tain Bluft, Fox Lake, Geff, Gibsonia, Gol-

conda, Havana, Herod. Horseshoe Lake,

Jonesboro, Kampsville, Kankakee, Mere-
dosia. Mount Carmel, Onarga, Oquawka,
Paxton, Putnam, Quincy, Rock Island,

Starved Rock State Park, Urbana, White

Heath, and Zion.

6. Idiocerus pallidus Fitch

IJioeerus pallidus Fitch (1851, p. 59).

Hythoscopus nhsoletus Walker (1851a, p. 873).

Fig. 40. Length 6.0-6.5 mm. White,

tinged with green, unmarked, elytra sub-

hyaline, nervures indistinct. Eyes reddish

brown; antennal discs large. Female seventh

sternite broadly and roundedly produced,



118 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J ol. 24. Art. 2

tlie central portion produced beyond rounded

margin. Male plates slender and elongate.

Each style, fig. 62, slightly narrowed on

apical third, rather abruptly narrowed at

apex and pointed at tip; ventral aedeagus

with a slightly enlarged apical head, at the

base of which is a pair of long slender

spines; dorsal aedeagus rounded at base

and apex and constricted at middle; apical

portion only slightly wider than aedeagus

shaft.

This is the common species of leafhopper

on willow and poplar, and it is transcon-

tinental in distribution.

Illinois Records.

—

Algonquin; July 12,

1895, 1 c5 ; July 19, 1895, 1 S ; July 23, 1895,

2 6 ; July 26, 1895, 1 S ; Aug. 12, 1895, 1 S ;

July 17, 1896, 3S, 29. Niota: dry bog,

July 28, 1936, Mohr & Burks, 1 9 .

7. Idiocenis diizeei Provancher

IJiocerus duzeei Provancher (1890, p. 292).

Idiocenis pcrplcxus Gillette & Baker (1895,

p. 78).

Fig. 41. Length 6-7 mm. Resembling

pallidus, but larger, broader, and pale

yellowish green, the elytra golden iridescent,

apexes fuscous. The coloration at apexes

of elytra more pronounced in male than

in female. Male antennal discs elongate

ovate. Female seventh sternite, fig. 83, with

posterior margin concavely rounded to a

produced, broadly rounded median third.

Male plates elongate and narrow. Each

style, fig. 63, rather broad, slightly narrowed
between apical portion and middle, apex

abruptly narrowed to pointed tip and bear-

ing a single spine; ventral aedeagus portion

with a slightly enlarged head, which has

a pair of rather long basal spines; dorsal

aedeagus portion greatly enlarged at apex

and angularly pointed laterally on each side

and at apex.

A common species on cottonwood, duzeei

occurs in the eastern United States and

west to Colorado. It is widely distributed

throughout Illinois and probably occurs

wherever its host is found.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 14 to August 2, are from Alton,

Cache, Elizabeth, Elizabethtown, Freeport,

Galena, Grafton, Havana, Kampsville,

Niota, Normal, Olive Branch, Pike, Put-

nam, Vienna, Volo, Wauconda, and White
Heath.

8. Idiocerits teliis DeLong &
Hershberger

Idiocenis telus DeLong & Hershberger (1947,

p. 45).

Fig. 42. Length 5 mm. Resembling pal-

lidus in form and appearance, but differing

in the male genitalia. White, tinged with

green, without dark margins, basal angles

of scutellum yellowish. Elytra su'bhyaline,

veins tinted with green. Face pale. Anten-

nal discs large, black, ovate. Male plates

elongate, rather narrow. Each style, fig.

67, slightly broadened near apex, then rapid-

ly narrowed, and bearing a prominent spine

just before pointed apex; ventral portion of

aedeagus tapered from base to apical fifth,

which is broadened by a pair of prominent

spines that are webbed to the main aed-eagus

shaft; these spines slope almost to a blunt

apex, giving the head portion a triangular

appearance; dorsal portion shorter and con-

stricted at middle between a rather broad

base and a broader diamond-shaped apex,

the last with pointed apical margin, and

a broad pointed lateral margin on each side.

Illinois Record.—Pike: June 28, 1934,

DeLong & Ross, 2 $ .

9. Idiocerus scurrus (Germar)

Jassiis scurra Germar (1834, pi. 11).

Jassus crenatus Germar (1834, pi. 10).

Idiocerus germari Fieber (1868, p. 451).

Idiocerus gemmisimulans Leonard & Crosbv

(1915, p. 542).

Fig. 43. Length 6-7 mm. Large, robust,

brownish or brownish gray, variously

marked with dark brown or black, but

without definite spots on vertex. Face pale,

usually with a dark, often broken, band on

upper portion between eyes. In well-marked

specimens the basal angles of the scutellum

are black. Veins of elytra alternately yel-

low and brown, appearing raised and con-

spicuous. Central claval vein on inner mar-

gin of each elytron always yellow at apex.

Seventh sternite of female roundedly pro-

duced and slightly notched at middle. Male

plates narrow and elongate. Each style, fig.

68, somewhat narrpjyed on apical third,

without long apical spine ; ventral portion

of aedeagus bearing a pair of long spines

one-third the distance from apex, not en-

larged at apex; dorsal portion of aedeagus

tapered toward apex, then constricted, be-

yond which it is enlarged to form a large

rounded apical portion.



Jnnr. 1948 Di-Long: Leafiiopphrs oi- Illinois 119

This European species, which has been

recorded from New Yoric, has been taken

from Lonibardy poplar.

Illinois Record.

—

Urrana: Sept. 1-9,

1944, Hashrouck, 1 9.

10. Idiocous lu'helus DcLong &
Hershberger

Idiocrrus liebetus DeLong & Hershberger
(1947, p. 48).

Kig. 44. Length 6-7 mm. Resembling
laclirymiilis Fitch (1851, p. 58) in form
and appearance, but paler in color and with
distinctive male genitalia. Face pale, ocelli

dark. A broken dark brown band on margin
of vertex forming a dark spot next to each

eye, and a band produced upward on each

end to include a round spot like that on
lachrymalis. Pronotum cream to dark gray,

median anterior portion pale brown. Scutel-

lum white to cream,' basal angles brown,
a transverse line at middle brown. Each
elytron brownish subhyaline, darker on an-

terior half of clavus and apical portion.

Male antennal discs narrow, elongate, black.

.Male plates elongate and rather narrow.
Styles, fig. 66, each rather broad and only

slightly tapered to region near apex, then

pointed and bearing a prominent spine; ven-

tral portion of aedeagus stout, with a pair

iof rather long basally directed spines Just

before apex; dorsal portion of aedeagus
bioader at base than ventral portion, nar-

rowed, then broadened at apex to form a

diamond-shaped tip with a pointed apex,

lateral margins sharply angled.

This species can easily be distinguished

irom lachrymalis, a western species which
has been confused with it in the past, by the

baler, more uniform color, the smaller dia-

tnond-shaped terminus of the dorsal aedea-

gus, and the single instead of double spines

at apex of each style. For purposes of com-
larison, lachrymalis is illustrated in figs.

M. 65. 84.

I Illinois Records.

—

Galena: July 10,

J9.U, DeLong & Ross, 2$, 3 $ ; June 28,

^935, DeLong & Ross, 1 $ .

IL Idiocerus stibiiitens Sanders &
DeLong

fdiocenu suhnitrris Sanilers & DeLong (1917,
p. 82).

fig. 5.1. Length b mm. Resendiling liuh-

ymalis in coloration but smaller and nar-

rower. Vertex with broad black band be-
tueen eyes and with round black spot either
side above band and not far from eyes.

Pronotum with dark markings, especially

noticeable at lateral margins. Scutellum
with black basal angles, a central Y-shaped
black line with the bifurcate portion at apex,
and a round black spot at either side on
disc; each elytron smoky, nervures brown
except for a white transverse band at apex
of clavus. Female seventh sternite with
posterior margin roundedly produced. Male
plates narrow, elongate. Styles, tig. 64,

tapered and narrowed on apical third, each
bearing two long prominent spines at apex

;

ventral portion of aedeagus with an elongate

rather narrow head portion bearing a pair

ot rather short spines at base; dorsal aedea-
gus portion broadened, fanlike at apex, con-

siderably wider than aedeagus shaft, and
with a broadly rounded apex.

This species has been taken only in small

numbers from poplar in the more northern
regions of the eastern United States. It has

not been recorded from Illinois but is known
to occur in Wisconsin.

12. Idiocerus rdiiiciili/.siis (Lihler)

Hythnscopus rametilosus Uhier (1877, p. 465).
htiixrnis mimiiiis (Jijlctte i- Baker (1895, p.

76).

Idiocerus hrunncus Osborn & Ball (1898, pp.
72, 129).

Fig. 47. Length 4—5 mm. Broad, robust,

cinnamon brown in color, with two black

spots margined with yellow on vertex ; an

interrupted line below spots. Face tawny.

Pronotum and scutellum brown. Elytra

brown, subhyaline, nervures dark brown,

tuberculate. Male antennal discs slightly

elongate. Female seventh sternite, fig. 85,

with posterior margin broadly and roundedly

produced. Male plates elongate and nar-

row. Styles, fig. 69, rather narrow, each

broadest at about one-fourth of the distance

from apex, xvliich is bluntly pointed and

without long spines; ventral aedeagus
slightly enlarged at apex, with a pair of long

spines at base of enlargement and not far

from apex ; dorsal aedeagus rounded at base,

narrowed to a slender shaft, which is not

enlarged at apex.

This is one of the willow species occur-

ring in the Mississippi River valley and

ucstuard to Colorado.

Illinois Records.— Males and females,

taken May 6 to October 1, are from Alton,



120 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin VoL24.Art.2

Byron, Elizalu-tlitown, Fulton, Grafton,

Havana, Homer, Kanipsville, Lima, Mere-

(iosia. Pike, Putnam, Quincy, Rock Island,

Savanna, Seymour, and Topeka.

13. Idioceriis ciataegi Van Duzee

hliud-nis cratacyi Van Duzee (1890*, p. 110).

Fig. 48. Length 4.75-5.25 mm. Gray,

with a pair of black spots on anterior mar-

gin of vertex, on pronotum, and on scutel-

lum, these three pairs of spots arranged in

two longitudinal rows; in addition, a pair

of small approximate spots on disc of scutel-

lum, a pair beneath ocelli, and a more elon-

gate pair beneath the antennae. Elytra

greenish brown, nervures dark. Female

seventh sternite almost triangular, apex

slightly and angularly notched. Male plates

narrow and elongate. Each style, fig. 70,

uniform in width on apical two-thirds and

blunt at apex; ventral portion of aedeagus

slender, scarcely enlarged at apex and bear-

ing a pair of prominent spines near apex

;

dorsal aedeagus process broadened to about

twice its width at apex; lateral portions

angled and sharply pointed and apex pointed.

Recorded from Iowa, Missouri, and Colo-

rado, crataegi is one of the common species

on various types of Crataegus.

Illinois Records.—MoNTlCELLO: Sept.

22, 19.U, Ross, 25. Urbana: July 9, 1920,

1 9 ; Sept. 6, 1934, DeLong and Ross, 2 $ ,

109.

14. Idiocerus provancheri Van Duzee

Bylhoscopus ititellarius Provancher (1S90, p.

288). Name preoccupied.
Idiocerus provanchrri Van Duzee (1890i, p.

111). New name.

I'^ig. 49. Length 5.0-5.3 mm. Fulvous
brown in color, with a broad yellow stripe

on clavus. Vertex with two large black

spots. Pronotum with pale spots only.

Scutellum rufus. Costal margin of each
elytron with hyaline spot before tip, a dis-

tinct bright yellow area from basal outer
claval margin to just before apex of outer
ciaval nervure. Female seventh sternite, fig.

86, rather strongly and roundedly produced
on posterior margin. Male plates elongate
and narrow. Styles, fig. 73, strongly curved
on apical third and each tapered to pointed
apex; ventral portion of aedeagus constricted

about one-third the distance from the apex
and then slightly enlarged and blunt at apex;

ventral aedeagus enlarged at apex to form

a broad fanlike structure, which is broadly

and convexly rounded on apical margin.

Like crataegi, provancheri is common on

Crataegus throughout the eastern United
\

States.

Illinois Record.

—

Monticello: June
,

11, 1934, Frison & DeLong, i i. , 2 9.'

15. Idiocerus fitcfii Van Duzee

Idiocerus maculipenuis Fitch (1851, p. 59).,

Name preoccupied.

Idiocerus fitc/ii Van Duzee (1909i, p. 383).

New name.
»

Fig. 50. Length 5.25-5.75 mm. Brown,

with narrow stripes on pronotum, scutellum,

and clavus. Vertex with a pair of large

black spots surrounded by broad yellow

circles. Small crescents under the ocelli

light yellow. Pronotum with a pair of black

spots on the anterior margin; three spot^

on disc and posterior margin yellow. Scutel-*

lum with apex and margins pale yellow.

Elytra brown, nervures darker, each elytroi\i

with a narrow light stripe on outer margi:

of clavus; costal margin broad and darkj

interrupted by a hyaline band that crossei

the apex and broadens on costa. Each an-

tenna simple. Female seventh sternite, fig.

89, with posterior margin broadly and

roundedly produced. Male plates elongatei

and narrow. Styles, fig. 76, together lyratel

in shape, narrowed on apical halves, curved:

outwardly and gradually narrowed tol

pointed apexes; ventral aedeagus narrowed;

on middle half, apical portion clublike andi

rounded at apex.

An abundant species on Crataegus and

often found on cultivated varieties of apple,

fitclii occurs in the eastern United Statesi

and west to Iowa.

Illinois Records.—Ludlow: Aug. 19,

1914, 19. Monticello: June 11, 1934,

Frison & DeLong, 4^, 79. Muncie: J\Ay

5, 1914, 1 9. Prophetstown : July 7, 1925,'

T. H. Frison, 19. Shawneetown: June

14, 1934, Ross & DeLong, IS. Urbana;.

Tune 29, 1891, Hart & McElfresh, \ $ ;

July 5, 1891, Shiga, \ 3 ; June 23, 1892,

Summers, 1 9 ; Tune 24, 1892, McElfresh,

1 $ ; June 25, 1892, 1 9 ; June 28, 1892,

McElfresh, 1 9 ; Aug. 19, 1892, Hart, 2 9 ;

Sept. 17, 1892, 1 9 ; July 9, 1920, 4 9 ;
July

26, 1920, 1 9 ; Sept. 6, 1934, DeLong &

Ross, 3 9. White Heath: July 5, 1916,

U, 29.

1



J urn-. 1948 DeLont, : Leafiioppers of Illinois 121

16. Idinccriis snowi Gillette & Haker

Idioierus jno^vi Gillette & Baker (1S95, p. 79).

Fig. 55. Length 5.25-5.75. Pale green,

with two small round hlack spots on vertex

and elytra, suture black. Face yellow, pro-

notum and scutelluni unmarked. Elytra

yellowish green, each with a dark brown
stripe along the sutural margin from the

apex of scutelluni to the apex of clavus.

.Male antennae simple and without discs.

Female seventh sternite, (ig. 88, with pos-

terior border convexly rounded, shallowly

emarginate on median half. Male plates

elongate and narrow. Each style, fig. 71,

broad, apical fifth gradually narrowed to

bluntly pointed apex, without long spines

at apex ; ventral aedeagus broad at base,

narrowed and produced to form a long

slender apical portion, with lateral spines

almost half way from apex to base; dorsal

process of aedeagus broad from base to apex

and broadened on apical third to form a

Ipointed lateral margin on each side; apical

margin broad, slightly produced at middle

and broadly pointed.

I This species occurs on narrow-leaved

Iwillows and is common in the middle west-

lorn states.

Illinois Records.-—Many males and fe-

imales, taken June 13 to September 27, are

from Algonquin, Alton, Alto Pass, Apple

[River Canyon State Park, Areola, Beards-

town, Byron, Champaign, Chemung, Dan-
ville, Decatur, Des Plaines, Eichorn, Eliza-

fiethtown. Fox Lake, Fulton, Grafton,

(jrand Tower, Havana, Kampsville, Kan-
kakee. Lawrenceville, Mason City, Mo-
mence, Neoga, Niota, Normal, Oak Lawn,
Ogden, Oquawka. Ottawa, Pike, Princeton,

Prophetstown. Putnam, Rock Lsland, St.

Anne, Savanna, Seymour, Shawneetown,

Starved Rock State Park, Topeka, Urbana,

ind Waukegan.

i

17. Idioceriis rotuiidens DeLong &
Caldwell

diocerus rotundens DeLong & Caldwell (1937

p. 162).

Fig. 52. Length 4.5-6.0 mm. Pale yel

ow, with black ocelli. Vertex with a round

acdian dusky area and a round black spot

in either side. Scutelluni marked only by

lack spots at base. Elytra white, veins to

pical crossveins white, brownish beyond

pical crossveins. Each antenna with large

circular terminal black disc. I''rmale seventh

sternite almost truncate on posterior mar-
gin, slightly produced, broadly rounded.

.\Lale plates narrow and elongate. Each
style, iig. 74, slightly and gradually nar-

rowed to pointed apex, bearing a single long

spine; ventral aedeagus slender to apex,

bearing a pair of prominent spines about

one-fourth the distance from apex; dorsal

portion of aedeagus enlarged at apex to

form a rather broad process, the lateral

margins of which are pointed, the posterior

margin gradually sloping to the median two-

thirds, which is truncate apically.

This is one of the small species occurring

on willow. It has previously been recorded

in the literature only from Wisconsin.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 6 to October 31, are from
Algonquin, Antioch, Ashley, Byron, Cen-

terville. Champaign, Crescent City, Dan-
ville, Fox Lake, Freeport, Fulton, Graf-

ton, Grand Tower, Grays Lake, Havana,
Homer, Kampsville, Kankakee, Meredosia,

•Metropolis, New Holland, Niota, Oak
Lawn, Oregon, Pike, Princeton, Putnam,
Quincy, Rock Island, Seymour, Spring

Grove, Waukegan, and Vienna.

18. Idiocerus varius DeLong &
Hershberger

Idhnerus varius OeLong ^ Hershberger (19+7,

p. 46).

I'ig. 46. Length 5.0-5.5 mm. Resembling

alteniatiis in general coloration and appear-

ance, but with distinctive male genitalia and

large antennal discs. Face marked as in

altcrnatus, with a large median dark area

on upper portion extending across vertex.

Vertex marked with an elongate brown

spot next to each eye and a large round

black spot not far from each eye just above

margin. Pronotum brown, with heavy dark

markings. Scutelluni pale brown, with black

spots in basal angles and a series of small

connected black spots across middle. Elytra

pale brownish subhyaline, veins dark brown,

interrupted by white veins at the middle

of each clavus and across elytron at apex of

clavus. Male antennal discs broad, ovate,

and black.

Female seventh sternite, (ig. 87, slightly

and roundedly produced posteriorly. Male

plates elongate and narrow. Each style, fig.

77, long and slender and with a spine near

apex; ventral portion of aedeagus rather



122 li.i.rNois Natural History Surve-^ Bulletin / rA. 24, An. I

liroad at base and tapered to form a rather

narrowed head with a barblike spine cither

side about one-fourth the distance from

apex; dorsal portion of aedeagus broad at

base, constricted on median portion and nar-

row to apex, which is broadened to the

width of the projecting spines on ventral

imrtion; apex convexly rounded.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 14 to July 16, are from

AlKon(iuin, Apple River Canyon State Park,

Geff, Golconda, Grand Detour (Castle

Rock), Karnak, Rock Island, Shawneetown,

and Vienna.

19. Idiocerus apache var. juniperus

DeLong & Hershberger

Idiocerus apache var. jtniipenis DeLong &
Hershberger (1947, p. 46).

Fig. 54. Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Resem-
bling alternatiis in form and general appear-

ance, but with larger antennal discs and

distinctive genitalia. Face pale, lorae and

genae with heavy brown longitudinal stripes.

Upper portion of face with a large median

dark area that extends across vertex as in

alternatiis. Vertex pale brown, w'ith a round

black spot on each side not far from eye and

just above margin. Pronotum pale brown,

tinted with gray and with dark brown mark-

ings on anterior portion. Scutellum cream
to pale brown, black spots in basal angles

and a broad longitudinal white stripe on

apical half. Elytra brownish subhyaline,

veins dark brown, interrupted by white por-

tions at middle of each clavus and apex of

clavus. Male antennal discs black, elongate,

ovate. Female seventh sternite, fig. 90,

scarcely produced posteriorly, almost trun-

cate. Male plates elongate, rather narrow.

Styles, fig. 75, tapered, apical half of each

rather slender, bearing a pair of spines near

apex on dorsal portion; ventral portion of

aedeagus rather straight and slender, with

a pair of short barblike spines a short dis-

tance from apex; dorsal portion of aedeagus

broadened gradually, then abruptly to form
a broad apex, which is slightly trilobate on

apical margin and has broad but pointed

lateral processes.

The typical apache Ball & Parker (1946,

p. 76) is a western form, occurring in Ari-

zona, Utah, and California.

Illinois Records.

—

Golconda: June 22,

V)}.1, Ross, Do/.ier, & Park, T? , 2i.
Horseshoe Lake: July 11, 1935, DeLong

& Ross, \i. Kampsville: June 27, 1934,

DeLong & Ross, 1 c? , 3 $ . Mahomet: April

30, 1936, Frison & Ross, 1^. Urbana:
April 6, 1900, 1 $ .

20. Idiocerus alteruatu.i Fitcii

Idiocerus allernatus Fitch (1851, p. 59).
Idiocerus inlcrruplus Gillette & Baker (1895

p. 74).

Fig. 56. Length 5.0-5.25 mm. Brownish
fuscous, marked with white on pronotum
and elytra. Vertex usually marked with a

brownish crescent outside the round spots.

A light stripe on the middle of pronotum
extending on to vertex and back across the

scutellum. Basal angles and two spots on

disc of scutellum black. Elytra subhyaline,

nervures fuscous, interrupted with white, a

large circular light spot covering the tips

of the outer claval nervures and a smaller
j

one at apex of each clavus. Male antennal

discs black, slightly enlarged. Female

seventh sternite slightly produced, almost

truncate, slightly notched at middle. Male
plates elongate and narrow; styles, fig. 72,

gradually tapered to narrow pointed apexes,

each of which bears a pair of long spines;

ventral aedeagus narrow and bearing a

small short headlike structure at the base

of which is a pair of short barblike spines;

dorsal process of aedeagus abruptly broad-

ened to form a transverse apical process,

each lateral margin of which is sharp

pointed; the apical margin curves convexly

between the pointed lateral margins.

Transcontinental in distribution, this is

one of the most abundant species occurring

on willow.

Illinois Records.

—

Apple River Canyon
State Park: Aug. 22, 1935, DeLong &
Ross, 19

; July 16, 1936, Mohr, 2$, 19.

Geff: June 12, 1934, DeLong & Ross, U,
25. Grand Detour: Castle Rock, July

12, 1934, DeLong & Mohr, \$. H.av.ana:

July 2, 1934, DeLong & Mohr, 2i ; Aug.

30, 1917, 1<5. St. Joseph: May 10, 1914,

1 i . Urbana: April 4, 1889, Marten, 2$;
April 4, 1908, 3 ^ , 19.

21. Idiocerus moiiHiferae Osborn

& Ball

Idiocerus mnniliferae Osborn & Ball (1898, pp.

71, 131).

I''ig. 51. Length 5.5 mm. Resfiiihlin;:

iillerinilus in coloration but a little larger.



194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 123

more robust, and more distinctly marked.

Margin of vertex marked with a broad

transverse band between ocelli and spots on

vertex. Front broad, a brown band on cither

side just inside anterior marjiin extendini;

across just below the antennal pits. Elytra

subhyaline, nervures alternately light and

dark, bases of all nervures light, the cross

nervures between the sectors broadly light.

Each antenna simple and without disc. Fe-

male seventh sternite, fig. 91. rather strongly

and roundedly produced. Male plates long

and slender. Each style, fig. 78, especially

broadened on apical half, apex pointed; ven-

tral portion of aedeagus slender and pro-

duced apically; dorsal portion slightly and

abruptly broadened near apex, forming an

apical triangular head, the apex of which is

bluntly pointed.

This species has previously been recorded

from Iowa and Kansas.

Illinois Records.

—

Karnak: June 2i,

1932. Ross, Dozier, i: Park, 1 9 . Litch-

field: May 10, 1932. Ross & Mohr, M.
Luther: drv marsh, July 2, 1934, DeLong
& Ross, 19. Oakwood: May 15, 1926.

Auden, 1 9 . Urbaxa: Aug. 6, 1890, at light.

Hart & Shiga, 1 $ .

Subfamily MACROPSINAE

The vertex is short but is obtusely angled

anteriorly. The hind wing has three apical

cells.

Two genera belong to this subfamily,

Macropsh and Oncopsis, both of which oc-

cur in Illinois.

Key to Gener.a

Ocelli about midway between eyes and meson,
fig. 93 2. Macropsis

Ocelli about twice as far from meson as Irom
eyes, fig. 92 3. Oncopsis

2. MACROPSIS Lewis

Macropsis Lewis (1835, p. 49).
Pediopsis Burmeister (1838, pi. 10).

Figs. 26, 93, 94. Head almost or entirely

deflexed, as wide as pronotum; vertex al-

most parallel margined, obtusely angulate.

Lorae of female prominent, tumid: those of

male often reduced and nearly obscured by

the swollen and bulging clypeus. Pronotum
distinctly angled anteriorly, produced be-

yond the anterior margins of the eyes:

lateral margins very short, posterior margin

Fig. 92.

—

Oncopsis viridis 9, face.

Fig. 93.

—

Macropsis hasalis 9 , face.

usually broadly concave and in some species

somewhat angulate ; striae or rugae radiat-

ing from a central line obliquely toward the

posterior angles. Elytra without appendixes.

These species occur for the most part

upon willow, poplar, honey locust, and wild

plum, and are frequently found in associa-

tion with species of liliocerus. which arc

found on at least two of the same trees

or shrubs. The genus, which is distributed

throughout the United States and Canada,

ontains nearly 40 species and varieties, of

which 17 have been taken in Illinois. Two
others may occur here.

The following key to species is condensed

largely from that of Breakcy (1932).

Key to Species

1. Green in color; each hind tibia usually

bearing a prominent black spot near the

base; a black spot at apex of vertex .

1. virescens var. graminea
Hind tibiae without black spots 2

2. I'lytra of a uniform color (color of under-

lying body must not be considered) .3

Klytra not of the same color or shade

throughout 17



124 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2

3. Elytra green or greenish hyaline, some-

times slightly smoky 4

I lytra amher to smoky amber ..'''
4. Prothoracic epimeron bearing a distinct

black spot behind the eye . . 5

i'rothoracic epimeron unmarked 8

5. Kemale 2. erythrocephala
Male .

''

6. F.xtremities of tibiae banded with black. .

_.7

F.xtremities of tibiae not banded with

black (western). .2. erythrocephala
7. Length 5 mm., face not marked with black

3. trivialis

Length 4 mm., face with definite black

markings 4. reversalis

8. I''emales 9

Males 13

9. More than 5 mm. in length 10

Not exceeding 5 mm. in length 12

10. Body concolorous with elytra 11

Head and thorax reddish brown, elytra

pale green 5. rufocepliala
11. Robust in form; clypeus tumid, keystone

shaped 6. viridis

More slender in form; clypeus not so

tumid, lateral margins more nearly

parallel 3. trivialis

12. Clypeus nearly parallel margined; elytra

smoky, especially on the clavus

.15. fumipennis var. gleditschiae
Clypeus definitely keystone shaped; elytra

faintly smoky apically 7. confusa
13. Robust in form; face long; smokiness of

elytra concentrated on claval areas . . .

15. fumipennis var. gleditschiae
Slender; face short; smokiness of elytra

wanting or limited to apical areas

7. confusa
14. Vertex and pronotum green to yellowish

green, not spotted; abdomen fulvous. .

6. viridis

Vertex, pronotum, and abdomen otherwise

^
15

15. Anterior impressions concolorous with
pronotum 8. basalis

interior impressions darkly maculate with
fuscous 16

Ifa. I'ronotum obtusely angled anteriorly;

lateral margins of clypeus bulging out
over the lorae 9. bifasciata

I'ronotum right angled anteriorly; lateral

margins of clypeus nearly parallel,

distinct 2. erythrocephala
17. Face with conspicuous impressed black

points or spotted with black

10. tristis
Face without points or spots, sometimes

suffused with fuscous 18
18. Flytra hyaline with well-defined and near-

ly continuous transverse fuscous bands
19

Flytra otherwise 22
19. liases of elytra heavily banded with deep

brownish fuscous 20
Bases of elytra free of brownish or

fuscous bands 21
20. Head and thorax concolorous with rest of

body 12. osborni
Head and thorax reddish brown above in

contrast with greenish body
8. basalis

21. I'.lytra narrowly twice banded with

fuscous, anterior band obliiiuc, inter-

rupted at claval suture . .9. bifasciata
Flytra broadly twice banded with fuscous,

anterior band transverse, not inter-

rupted at claval suture
11. canadensis

22. F^lytra marked with black or deep fuscous

in the form of patterns or definite areas

_

23

Fllytra deep brownish opaque, marked with

a transverse hyaline band or pellucid

white spots 24

23. Clavus black; corium of female green,

corium of male smoky amber
13. suturalis

Black or fuscous color of elytra extending

to near costa, costa green or greenish

hyaline 14. fumipennis
24. Flytra deep brownish opaque, a trans-

verse band before the apex 25

F.lytra brownish opaque, unmarked, or

marked with round pellucid white spots

2h

25. Fllytra uniform ferruginous brown, hyaline

band narrow 16. ferruginoides
F'.lytra blackish, hyaline band usually in-

definite; black in base of each elytron

often confined to corium and concen-

trated along costa. 17. nigricans
26. Brownish, one pellucid white spot on each

corium of female and sometimes of male;

clavus concolorous with corium
18. insignis

Blackish brown, three pellucid white spots

on each corium; clavus cinereous
19. trimaculata

1. Macrupsis virescens var. graiiiiiwa

(I-'abricius)

Ciiiida yraminea Fabricius (1798, p. 521).

Length of female 5.0 mm., male 4.4 mm.
Slender, green, with vcrte.x rather sharply

pointed. Each hind tibia of both sexes bears

a conspicuous black spot on the outside near

the base. The face appears almost flat as

viewed from the sides. The female is yel-

lowish green, with a black spot at apex

of vertex. The male is frequently infuseatcd

above. Elytra greenish hyaline with apex

smoky and veins green. Basal angles of

scutellum in both sexes usually infuscated

Epimera marked with black spots.

This variety of the species rircsriiis

Gmelin (1790, p. 2111) has been collected

from the poplar, Fopulus tiigra. It has been

recorded from the eastern states and as far

west as Wisconsin and Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Aldridce: May 8,

1932, Dozler, 3$, 19. Dubois: May 24,

1917, 15. Elizabethtown: May 27-.11,

Wn, Dozier, 3 3, .3 9. Grand Tower:

May 12, 1932, F'rison, Ross, & Mohr, I <J

.

Kampsville: June 27, 1934, DeLong &



Ju,u. 1948 DeLonc: Leafhoppers of Illinois 125

Ross. 19. Mound Cirv: May 24, I'JU.

Uozicr, I 9. Round Lake: June 27, 1936,

Krison i: DeLong, 25 <} , 6.? 9 . Ullin : May
26, I9i2, Dozier, 1 9

.

2. Macropsis erythroccphala

(Gillette c^ Baker)

Pediops'u eryllirocepluda Cjillette i Baker

(1895. p. 72).

Length of female 6 mm., male 5 mm.
Dimorphic color. Female green, slightly

tinted with fulvous anteriorly. Elytra pale

greenish hyaline. ^Llle brown to brownish

green, heavily marked with fuscous. Face

and area beneath fuscous, pronotum and

scutellum brown, the basal angles of scutel-

lum with black triangular spots. Elytra

fuscous hyaline, veins darker. A large black

spot on each epinieron in both sexes. Face

distinctly concave as viewed from the side.

Commonly found on willow, Salix longi-

folia, this species has been collected from

coast to coast, and is especially numerous

in the northern states.

Illinois Records.—Man\ males and

females, taken June 12 to August 24, are

finni Alton, Beardstown, Byron, Cache, Car-

hondale, Decatur, Eichorn, Elizabethtown.

Fox Lake, Freeport, Galena, Geff, Grafton,

(Jrand Detour, Grand Tower, Havana,

Kampsville, Kankakee, Marshall, New Mil-

ford, Newton, Oquawka, Oregon, Palos

Park. Pike, Prophetstown, Putnam, Sa-

vanna, Spring Grove, Spring Valley, Urbana,

Vienna. Waukegan. and West Union.

?i. Macropsis trivialis (Ball)

I'fdiopsis trivialis Ball (1902*, p. 3(J4).

Length of female 5.5 mm., male 4.5 mm.
.More slender in form than viridis. Female

yellowish green, unmarked, elytra greenish

hyaline with concolorous veins. Male with

black spots on the epimera, extremities of

[the fore and middle tibiae, and tarsal claws;

|elytra greenish hyaline, somewhat smoky

jtoward the apexes. In both sexes the sec-

iond apical cell is usually more than half

Ithe
length of the middle anteapical cell.

Taken from willow, Salix amygdaloiilts.

this species is known to occur in the eastern

United States and as far west as Colorado.

Illinois Records.

—

Elizabeth: July 8,

1917, I 9 . Frkei'Ort: July 2, 1917, U , .^ 9 .

Galena: Tulv 5, 1917, \i. Gkff: June

12, 19,U, DeLong & Ross, 19. Ho.mer:

June 4. 1916. 19. .MoNricELLO: June II,

19,U. Frison & DeLong, I <J ,
39*. Put-

nam: July 6, 1934, Ross k DeLong, 69.
Urbana: June 19, 1889, Hart, I 9 : lune 28,

1892, McElfresh, U. White HE.nii:

July 5, 1916, 19.

4. Macropsis rcvfrs<ilis (Osborn l^ Hall)

I'eJiupsis rc-vi-rsulis Osborn & Ball (1898, pp.
69, 123).

Length of female 4.5 mm., male 4.0 nun.

Small and greenish. 'I'he female is un-

marked, while the male has on the face

two broad black bands, sometimes broken

into spots, and black spots on the epimera
and extremities of the legs. In some indi-

viduals the bands on the face are reduced

to three spots, one on the apex above, and

one just within and below each ocellus.

Face somewhat tumid as viewed from the

side. Elytra greenish hyaline.

This species has been taken from

Salix spp. in the eastern United States.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May 29 to July 16, are from Apple

River Canyon State Park, Fulton, (lalena,

(jrafton. Grand Detour, Havana, Herod,

Lacon, Meredosia, Oquawka, Oregon, Pike,

Putnam, Rock Island, and Urbana.

5. Macropsis rufocephala Osborn

Mairnpsis snitrllalus Osborn (1928, p, 218).

Name preoccupied.
Macropsis riifncrphala t)sborn (1932, p, 513).

New name.

Length of female 5.5 mm. Yellowish

green. Female with vertex, pronotum, an-

terior two-thirds of scutellum, an<l upper

half of face reddish brown, Scutellum with

black spots in basal angles, apical angle

yellowish green. Elytra pale greenish hya-

line, veins green. Epimera unmarked. Face

appearing concave below vertex as viewed

from the side. No male has been collected.

This is a transcontinental species and has

been collected from willow, Salix spp.

Illinois Records.— I-rkeport: July 2,

1917. I 9 : July 4. 1917, 1 9. Ho.mer: June

14. 191h, I 9.

6. Macropsis viridis (I'itch)

Pcdiupsis viridis Fitch (1851, p. 59).

Length of female 5.5 mm., male 4,5 mm.

Robust, yellowish green. Female unmarked.



126 iLr.iNois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2

elytra greenish hyaline, veins green. Male
elytra amber-brown, veins concolorous;

each cpimeron bears a broad black mark
and abdomen is fulvous above. In both

sexes face appears almost flat as viewed

from the side. Elytra each with the second

apical cell scarcely more than half as long

as the middle anteapical cell.

This is a widely distributed northern

t; anscontinental species that has been re-

ported feeding upon willow, Salix longifolia.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 12 to August 8, are from

Algonquin, Apple River Canyon State Park,

Alton, Champaign, Danville, Decatur, Eic-

horn, Elizabethtown, Fox Lake, Freeport,

Fulton, Galena, Geff, Grafton, Grand
Detour, Grand Tower, Grays Lake,
Hardin, Havana, Herod, Iroquois, Kamps-
ville, Lacon, Marshall, Meredosia, Monti-

cello, New Holland, Newton, Oquawka,
Oregon, Pike, Princeton, Putnam, Quincy,

Round Lake, Savanna, Shawneetown, Spring

Valley, Temple Hill, Urbana, Vienna, Wau-
conda, West Union, White Heath, and Zion.

7. Macropsis confusa Breakey

Mnnopsis confusa Breakey (1932, p. 827).

Length of female 4.75 mm., male 4.0 mm.
Pale green, resembling viridis but smaller;

without definite markings. Elytra faintly

smoky. Face appearing distinctly tumid as

viewed from the side. Epimera in both

sexes without spots.

The species is known to occur on poplar,

I'ljpulus spp., and has been taken in the

northeastern states and in Wisconsin, as

well as Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Antioch : June 12,

1926, Ross & Burks, 16 6\ 3 5 ;' Aug. 1,

1930, Prison, Knight, & Ross, 1 9 . Dubois:
May 24, 1917, U, 19. Elizabethtown:
May 21-31, 1931, Dozier, \$. Galena:
June 28, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 15 9.
Hardin: June 5-9, 1932, Dozier, 19.
Kampsville: June 27, '1934, DeLong &
Ross, 19. New Holland: June 5, 1936,

Mohr & Burks, 1 <J . Savanna: July 27,

1892, McElfresh, Shiga, Hart, &' Forbes,

13.

8. Macropsis basalts (Van Duzee)

Pediopsis hasalls Van Duzee (1889A, p. 171).

Length of female 5.0 mm., male 4.0-4.25
mm. Robust, dark transverse bands on the

elytra. Epimera unmarked in the female,

with black spots in the male. Female olive

green; pronotum, scutellum, and upper por-

tion of face ferruginous; elytra greenish hya-

line, a broad black band on the base of

each clavus and two other transverse bands

sometimes fused. Male smoky ferruginous;

elytra dark amber, with black basal bands

as in female; vertex, pronotum, and scutel-

lum with brown punctures; brown triangu-

lar spots in basal angles of scutellum.

This species, northern in range, occurs

upon quaking aspen, Populus trernuloides.

Illinois Records.

—

Apple River Canyon
State Park: June 29, 1935, DeLong &
Ross, 7 <J , 33 9. Galena: on aspen, July

10, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 3 <J , 69 ; June

28, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 20 <5 , 19 9.

Grafton: along river, June 26, 1934, De-
Long & Ross, 1 9 . Spring Grove: June 8,

1938, Burks & Mohr, 1 9. Warren: June

29, 1935, DeLong k Ross, 2$, 5 9.

9. Macropsis bifasciata (Van Duzee)

Pediopsis bifasciata Van Duzee (1889/', p. 173).

Length of female 5.25 mm., male 5.0 mm.
Dull greenish ferruginous, marked by two

dark transverse cross bands. Pronotum
washed with fuscous on disc. Face pale

yellow. Basal angles of scutellum with

black triangular spots. Female with elytra

grayish hyaline, an oblique transverse band

across middle of each, interrupted at claval

suture, and another transverse band just

below the apex; veins concolorous. Male
with elytra fuscous hyaline, without bands.

Epimera of both sexes with large black

spots.

This species has been collected from pop-

lar, Populus spp., and ranges from the east-

ern United States to Colorado.

Illinois Records.

—

Galena: July 10,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 2 9 ; June 28,'l935,

DeLong & Ross, 1 9 .

10. Macropsis tristis (Van Duzee)

Pediopsis tristis Van Duzee (1890*, p. 249).

Length of female 5.5 mm., male 4.75 mm.

Cinereous brown, pale beneath. Pronotum

and scutellum cinereous. Basal angles of

scutellum with black triangular spots. Face

with black band above and large circularj

black spot below. Elytra cinereous hyaline,!

veins lighter, narrowly margined with fus-

1

cous. Epimera slightly fuscous.
'tA



Jiim. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Ili.inoes 127

This species ranges from the East to the

Middle West and is known to occur on wild

plum. Primus spp.

Illinois Record.

—

Northern Illinois:

June. Peabody Collection, 2 9 .

11. Macropsis canadensis (Van Duzee)

Pediopsis lanadcnsis Van Duzee (1890i, p.

111).

Length ot female ^.2i mm., male 4.75 mm.
Varying from pale yellowish green to pale

fulvous, the elytra with two brown bands.

Pronotum obtusely angled, moderately con-

vex; elytra long, rather narrow, broadly

rounded at ape.x.

Female head and thorax yellowish green

or greenish fulvous, immaculate, epimera

unmarked : elytra greenish hyaline, each

with two brownish fulvous bands, the first

near the middle and the second just before

the apex. Male darker, fulvous or tawny,

each epimeron bearing a large black spot;

lower part of face and area beneath paler:

scutellum cinereous, a brown triangle with-

in each basal angle, a narrow red line down
the center to the transverse impression,

which is also reddened : elytra banded as in

female.

This species is widely distributed from
Maine to California. It should be found in

northern Illinois.

12. Macropsis oshorni Breakey

Macropsis oshorni Breakey (1932, p. 817).

Length of female 6 mm., male 5 mm.
Superficially resembling basalts, especially

in having a dark band across base of elytra.

Face appears tumid as viewed from the side.

Female yellowish green, elytra greenish hya-

line, with a cupreous tint, a broad black

band confined to the bases of the claval

areas bordering scutellum: epimera without

spots. Male green, washed with fuscous:

elytra cinereous hyaline, tinged with fulvous,

a broad black band on bases of elytra as in

female ; basal angles of scutellum with large

triangular spots ; epimera with black spots.

This species has been taken only in the

middle western states, where it occurs in

small numbers on Cottonwood, Populus tlel-

toides.

Illinois Records.

—

Kamhsnille: June
27. 19.U, DeLong & Ross, 1 9. Pike: June
28, 19.U. DeLong & Ross, 19. Shawnek-
town: June 14, IVU, Ross & DeLong, 39.

13. Macropsis suturalis (Osborn & Ball)

Pediopsis suturalis Osborn & Kail (1898 do
67, 119;. '

"
Length of female 5.5 mm., male 5.0 mm.

Female green, with entire clavus black.
Male sordid green, elytron smoky so that the
black clavus is less conspicuous than in fe-
male

: scutellum sordid green on the disc,

each basal angle marked with a black tri-

angle; pronotum and vertex marked with
fuscous; epimera each bearing a black dash.
This species has been reported as occur-

ring on willow, Salix amygdaloides. It is

known to occur in Iowa, Kansas, .Minnesota,
\Visconsin, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Maine,
and it probably occurs in Illinois.

14. Macropsis fiimipennis (Gillette

& Baker)

Pediopsis fumipennis Gillette & Baker (1895
p.. 73).

Pediopsis crocea Osborn & Ball (1898, pp. 68
120).

Length of female 4.75 nun., male 4.0-

4.25 mm. Green, heavily tinged with smoky
brown. Pronotum yellowish green, disc

fuscous. Basal angles of scutellum each
with black triangular spots and with two
large round impressed green or yellow spots

just before the anterior impression. Elytra

black or dark brown opaque, costal margins
green or yellowish. Epimera without spots.

This species has been taken from honey
locust, Gledilsia triacantlios, and is recorded
from Montana. Colorado. Kentucky, and
Ohio, as well as Illinois.

Illinois Records.— Eli/ah eth town :

May 27-31, 1931, Dozier, 1 <5 . Havana:
June 14, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 6 Iro-

QUOIS: June 5, 1932, Frison & Mohr, 2 t5 .

Monticello: June II, 1934, Frison & De-
Long, I <5 . Muncie: June 8, 1917, \$.
St. Anne: July 20, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

19. Shawneetown: June 27, 1936, De-
Long & Mohr, 29. Urbana: Juiu- 19.

1889, Hart, U. Volo: in bog, Juiu- 11,

1936, Ross & Burks, I i .

15. Macropsis fumipennis var. gledil-

schiae (Osborn & Ball)

Pediopsis gledilschiae Osborn & Ball (1898,

pp. 67, 122).

Length of female 4.75 mm., male 4.0—1.25

mm. Lighter in color than typical fumipen-

nis. Female bright green, tinted with fus-



128 Illinois Natural History Survey Bullktin Vol. 24, Art. 2

cous, apexes of elytra liyaline. Male green,

elytra brownish or fuscous. Darker speci-

mens often have pronotuni and scutellum

clouded. Kpimera unmarked in both sexes.

Occurring on honey locust, Gleilitsia

triacantUos, this variety ranges from Penn-

sylvania to Louisiana and Idaho.

Illinois Records.

—

Chamfairn: June 5,

1889, Hart, \i. Dongoi.a: on willow,

.May l.l 1916, \i. Dubois: May 2i, 1917,

1 i ; May 24, 1917, 2i. Mf.reuosia: May
29, 1917, ?<£. Urbana: June 17, 1890,

Marten, \6. White He.ath: May 30,

1915,13.

16. Macropsis ferruginoides (Van Duzee)

Pidiopsis ferriii/inoides Van i)uzce (1889^, p.

171).

Length of female 5.5-6.0 mm., male 5.0

mm. Marked with ferruginous above and

yellow below. Pronotum darker on disc.

Scutellum often with basal angles, apex,

and two discal spots yellow. Elytra ferru-

ginous, opaque; costa with a narrow yellow

margin. A transverse hyaline band before

apex across the crossveins of the anteapical

cells. Epimera of both sexes with black

spots. Face concave above as viewed from

the side.

This species has been taken from a nar-

row-leaved willow. It is chiefly middle

western, but ranges as far west as Colorado

and New Mexico.

Illinois Record.

—

Waukegan: Aug.

24, 1917, 1 9.

17. Macropsis nigricans (Van Duzee)

Prdiopsis Irimacidnlu Van Duzee (1889/;, p.

172). Preoccupied.
I'idiopsis hijasiiata Van Duzee in Osboni &

Kail (1898, p. 118). Misidentification.

Macropsis nigricans Van Duzee (1916, p. 64).

New name.

Length of female 5.5 mm., male 5.0 mm.
Greenish brown, with black markings. Pro-

notum washed with fuscous, anterior im-

pression usually brown or black. Scutellum

greenish fulvous, with dark spots in basal

angles. Each elytron hyaline, brown and

black pigment on basal half variable, usually

darker along costa and with spot at apex of

clavus. Epimera with heavy black spots.

Known to occur on cottonwood, Populus

diltoidesj this species apparently is found

only in the middle western region of the

United States.

Illinois Records.

—

Freeport: July 2,

1917, 19. Grafton: June 26, 1934, De-

Long & Ross, 39. Grays Lake: June 10,

1936, Ross & Burks, 3 <? , 4 9 . Kampsville:

June 27, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 9 . Palos

Park: June 19, 1933, Ross & Mohr, 19.

Pike: Tune 28, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 69.

Fig. 94..

—

Macropsis trimaculata



Juiu-. I94S DeLonc: Leafhoi>i>ers of Ii.lixc 129

IcS. Macropsis iiisigiiis (\"an Duzee)

I'lJiopsis insit/nis \'an Duzee (1889/;, p. 171).

Lenj^th of female 5.0 mm., male 4.2.S mm.
Kriidisli brown, similar to and often con-

fused with trimiiculiila. Pruinose when
freshly collected. Pronotum ochraceous, disc

duslc.v to the humeral ant;lcs. Scutel-

lum ochraceous, a fuscous triangle within

basal angles. Elytra paler on basal portions

of costa, opaque except for the shiny veins

and the apical margins of wings.

This is a widely distributed species from
Pennsylvania to Colorado, and occurs on
wild plum, Pruiius spp.

Illinois Records.—DuHois: Aug. 9,

1917, 1 9 . ElciiORN : June 1.?, 19,U, DeLong
& Koss, 1 <i , 2 9 .

19. Mncropsis trimaculata (Fitch)

PeJiopsis trimaculatus Fitch (1851, p. 60),

Length of female 3.0 mm., male 4.5 mm.
Dark brown or black, with three light spots

in a row on each elytron, tig. 94, Female
dark brown: male almost black. Epimera
in both sexes each with a black bar, this

occasionally obscured in the male by heavy

pigmentation. Female pronotum testaceous,

a dusky spot on disc. Male pronotum fus-

cous. In both sexes scutellum cinereous with

a dark triangular spot in each basal angle;

elytron with a pellucid white spot near the

branching of the first sector, another at the

juncture of the anteapical and basal cells,

and a third within the third and fourth

apical cells.

Occurring principally on wild plum,

Prunus spp,, this species has rather recently

come into economic prominence since it has

been proved able to transmit the peach yel-

lows virus and cause severe economic losses

in peach orchards. It is recorded from the

East and as far west as Colorado.

Illinois Records.

—

Urbaxa: Augerville,

.June 2.^, I9!b, 1 i . Northern Illinois:

19.

3. ONCOPSIS Burmeister

Oncopsis Burmeister (1838, p. 27, pi. 111).

I"ig, 92. Vertex short and broad, round-
edly produced, blunt. Face shorter and
broader than in Macropsis. The striae of

the pronotum are nearly transverse, not

obliquely angled, and are usually not as

^oarse as in Alacropsis.

The species of this genus arc all shrub
and tree inhabiting as far as known. Six-
teen species have been recorded for North
America, half of which occur in Illinois.

Due to color variations and a lack of
structural characters, it is difficult at the
present time to separate the-se species. The
following key will serve to separate the
female specimens fairly well, but a key to
male structural characters has not been de-
vised.

Kf.v to .Specie."!

1. Elytra each with five apical and three
anteapical cells 2

Elytra each with four apical and two
anteapical cells 8. verticis

2. Female seventh sternite truncate, rounded
or angularly produced, notched at apex
but without projecting teeth 3

Female seventh sternite with small apical
teeth each side of apical notch 5

3. Female seventh sternite short, with a
broad shallow notch; face usually dark
brown or black 1. nig'rinasi

I'emale seventh sternite with a deeper
notch; face usually pale 4

4. b'ernale seventh sternite long, rounded,
with a deep U-shaped notch; female
usually a shade of yellow marked with
black or orange; male usually darker . .

6. variabilis
I-'emale seventh sternite long, triangularly

produced, with a shallow emargination;
color brown 5. sobrius

5. Female seventh sternite with a broad
shallow notch, teeth short, incurved;
color gray; elytra subhyaline, spotted ,

4. cognatus
Female seventh sternite trianguhir, with

apical teeth more distinctly produced..
. (i

6. Elytra smoky to brown, with pale hyaline
areas 7

Elytra hyaline, nervures brown, each
with a discal spot and the apex often
dusky. Vertex dark brown to black,
with a yellow band connecting the
ocelli . 3. pruni

7. (iray to pale brown; female seventh
sternite short, with small median teeth

2. minor
I'sually brownish to reddish brown; female
seventh sternite longer, teeth larger,

more conspicuous 7. fitchi

1. Oncopsis nigrinasi (Fitch)

Alhysanus nK/rinasi Fitch (1851, p. 61).

Length 4 mm. Small, \ellowish or often

brownish, and with dark brown or black

face. In the female, coloration is variable,

but as a rule the front, inner margins of

lorae, and apexes of femora arc <lark brown
or black. In pale specimens the elytra are

subhyaline and with two transverse brown-



l.?0 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ol. 24, Art. 2

ish bands. In dark specimens there are

white spots on discal cells, on the anteapical

cells, and at base and near apex of clavus.

The male is usually uniform brownish, with

a yellowish transverse band on vertex and

on base of front. Genitalia: Female seventh

sternite short and bilobate or sinuate on pos-

terior margin; male with long narrow

plates.

This eastern species is reported from

hornbeam, viburnum, and hazel.

Illinois Records.

—

Elizabethtown :

May 27-31, 1931, Dozier, 15. Harris-

liURO: June 25, 1932, Ross, Dozier, & Park,

19. Herod: June 8-11, 1935, DeLong &
Ross, 4 9 ; June 24, 1936, DcLong & Ross,

29. Karnak: June 14, 1934, DeLong &
Ross, 1 9 .

2. Oncopsis minor (Fitch)

Alhysanus minor Fitch (1851, p. 60).

Length 4 mm. Small, resembling fitclii,

with yellow to brownish color and hyaline

elytra. Face coarsely punctured. Disc of

pronotum, scutellum, and elytra usually

dark in color. White spots on elytra next

to scutellum, on discal cells, and on ante-

apicals. Genitalia: Female seventh sternite

with posterior margin slightly produced

medially and bearing a pair of short teeth

separated by a shallow notch; male plates

long and slender.

This species, found in the East, as well

as Illinois, is reported as occurring on birch.

Illinois Record.

—

Meredosia: May 29,

1917, 19.

3. Oncopsis prtini (Provancher)

Byllioscopus pnini Provancher (1890, p. 290).

Length 4.0^.25 mm. Grayish, resembling

fitclii, with hyaline elytra and brownish

veins. Vertex coarsely punctured, black,

with a broad yellow band connecting the

ocelli; front coarsely punctured, yellow.

Pronotum yellowish to gray, usually with

two or three black points behind each eye.

Scutellum pale, with dark basal angles.

Elytral nervures brown, commissural nerv-

ure white, with brownish spots. Genitalia:

Female seventh sternite triangularly pro-

duced, with a pair of median acute teeth.

This is a northern transcontinental spe-

cies known to occur on wild Prunus. In

recent years transmission nf peach yellows

has been attributed to it.

Illinois Record.—Dunois: May 24,

1917, \i.

4. Oncopsis cognatus (Van Duzee)

Byllioscopus cognatus Van Duzee (1890</, p.

225).

Length 5 mm. In size and general form

resembling fitchi but gray in color instead

of brownish, and female seventh sternite

has a broad shallow depression and minute

teeth at middle. In fitclii, seventh sternite

is triangularly produced. Vertex dull yel-

low to gray, front brownish to black, prono-

tum paler on anterior margin. Vertex and

pronotum coarsely punctate. Elytra gray,

each with a brownish area from tip of cla-

vus to base of anteapical cells. Genitalia:

Female seventh sternite longer than in

pruni, apical margin slightly concave, teeth

minute, depressed; male plates long and

slender.

This species has been collected from

hazelnut, Coryliis ainericaiia, in the north-

eastern United States.

Illinois Records.

—

Algonquin: July 8,

1897, 19. Herod: May 29, 1935, Ross &
Mohr, 1 $.

5. Oncopsis sobrius (Walker)

Bythoscopiis sobrius Walker (I851«, p. 874).

Length 5 mm. Yellowish, with brown

elytra. Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum

yellow, elytra darker, tawny to brown.

Elytra with commissural line alternately

marked with paler spots. Genitalia: Fe-

male seventh sternite similar to that of

variabilis, with a small, median, rounded

notch.

This species has been collected from birch,

Betula sp., and associated plants in New
England and Canada.

Illinois Record.

—

S.^vanna: June 13,

1917, 19.

6. Oncopsis variabilis (Fitch)

Athysanus variabilis Fitch (1851, p. 60).

Length 5 mm. Color and color pattern

extremely variable. Of the more common

color, forms, some are bright yellow, with

a black line or band along claval suture,

and some are reddish brown, with yellow

clavus. Others are yellow throughout, or

almost entirely black, especially in the males.

Genitalia: Female seventh sternite pro-



June, 1948 DeLong: Leafhoi'pkrs of Illinois 131

dticed, ami with a median conspicuous U-
shaped notch.

Northern transcontinental in distribution,

this species has been taken from birch,

Hetula sp., and specimens that are appar-

ently of this species have been collected from
ha/elnut, Corylus americana, and alder,

Alnus sp.

Illinois Record.

—

Harrisblrc, : June 2^,

19.^2, Ross. Dozier, c^ Park, 19."

7. Oncopsis fitchi \'an Duzee

Atliysanus feni'stratiis Fitch (1851, p. 60).

Name preoccupieii.

Oniot>us fil</n Van Duzee (1916, p. 65).
New name.

Length 4.5 mm. Brownish to reddish

brown; elytra usually with pale hyaline

spots, which are often absent in the males.

Face and vertex dusky to brown, with a

yellowish transverse band between ocelli.

Face sometimes piceous. Basal angles of

scutellum usually darker than pronotum.

Margin of each clavus along scutellum hya-

line, a hyaline spot near apex, and another

on disc; also a hyaline spot on anteapical

cells. Genitalia: Female seventh sternitc tri-

angularly produced, with two small median
teeth; male plates long and narrow.

This species occurs on birch, Bctuln sp.

It is distributed through the northern Unite<l

States from Maine to Colorado.

Illinois Record.— Hardin: |unc 5-9.

I9.?2, Dozier, 19.

Color variable in both sexes, but male usu-
ally darker than female. Female usually
yellowish to pale brownish. Male usually
brown, with commissural line and large
costal spot on apical portion of each elytron
pale. V'ertex, pronotum, and scutellum
punctured with fuscous. Scutellum with a

dark triangular spot in each basal angle.
Elytra brown, each darker on clavus, with
a white spot before apex. X'enter yellow.
Genitalia: Female seventh sternite long,

with a distinct U-shaped median notch, apex
rounded ; male plates long and narrow.
The .species has been taken commonly

from black walnut, J uglans nigra. Its range
is from Maine to Colorado and south to

Tennessee; it is rather abundant in differ-

ent areas of Illinois.

Illinois Records.—.Many males and fe-

males, taken May 25 to October 12, are

from Albion, Algonquin, Alton, Castle Rock,

Cedar Lake, Danville, Dixon Springs, Free-
port, Galena, Grafton, Grand Detour,
Hardin, Havana, Herod, Kankakee, Keiths-

burg, Lacon, .Makanda, Marshall, Monti-
cello, Muncie, Normal, Oquawka, Pike,

Plnkstaff. Pulaski, Quincy, Urbana, \'ienna,

XS'eldon Springs, ;uid White Heath.

Subfamily NIONINAE

A single genus of this siihf:imily occurs

in the United States.

8. Oncopsis verticis (Say)

Jassus vtrlicis Say (1831, p. 308).
Oneopsis Jislimtus Van Duzee (1890<y, p. 225).

/-ength 3.5-4.5 mm. Readily distinguish-

able from other species of the genus by the

four apical cells and two anteapical cells.

4. NIONIA Ball

Nionia Ball (1915, p. 165).

'Fhis genus, which includes but a single

species, distributed from the southeastern

states to Illinois, was formerly placed in the

subfamily with Macrnpsis and Oncopsis.

Fig. 95.

—

Nionia pnlmeri: a, adult; b, male genitalia; f, nymph. (From Osborn.)



l.?2 Illinois Natural History SuR\Il^ Bulli;ti I nl. 24, An. 2

l\'/oni(i piilincri (\';in Duzec)

Gumaynullius palmni Van Duzee (1891, p.

I7l;.

Figs, lb, 95. Length -1-5 mm. Short,

robust, head conically pointed, vertex al-

most parallel margined and so strongly

arched tli.it the anterior portion of the pro-

notum is produced decidedly anterior to the

anterior margins of the eyes. Shiny black,

resembling a Macropsis in general appear-

ance. Apical nervures of elytra, ventral

margins of eyes, and antennae reddish. Pro-

notum strongly punctured; distinct lines of

punctures bordering veins of elytra. Female

seventh sternite slightly produced at middle,

pygofers short and broad, obtusely triangu-

lar; male valve concealed, plates triangular,

acutely angled at ape.xes.

This is a grass-feeding species in moist

woodland areas, and is common throughout

central and southern Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May 7 to August 17, are from Alton,

Alto Pass, Danville, Dixon Springs, Eliza-

bethtown. Fern Cliff, Grafton, Herod, Oak-
uood, Odin, and Vienna.

Subfamily AGALLIINAE

The vertex is short and broad, the ocelli

are on the face, and each hind wing has

four apical cells.

Three of the five Nearctic genera listed

by DeLong & Knull (1945) as belonging to

this subfamily occur in Illinois. The sub-

family was treated for North America by

Oman (19.?3), who records about 80 species

for the United States. The majority of these

species are recorded from only western and
southwestern states, but several are widely
distributed.

Key to Genera

1. Vertex distinctly longer at middle than
next to eyes, iig. 99; pronotum in large
part transversely rugulose

7. Aceratagallia
Vertex usually shorter at middle than next

to eyes, fig. 96; pronotum finely punc-
tured and granulate 2

2. Vertex distinctly shorter at middle than
next to eyes; posterior margin of head
sinuate behind eyes, figs. 96, 97

5. Agalliopsis
Vertex of nearly uniform length through-

out its width; margin of head straight
behind eyes, fig. 102 6. Agallia

5. AGALLIOPSIS KhkAAy

At/alliopsis Kirkaldy (1907, p. 30).

Fig. 114. Median portion of vertex very

short, usually longer next to eyes; posterior

margin sinuately curved laterally and ex-

tending some distance behind the eyes.

Lateral margins of pronotum obsolete.

Elytra long and narrow. Male styles

forked.

Two species generally distributed over

the eastern states have been collected in

Illinois.

Key to Species

Female seventh sternite, fig. 97C, truncate or
slightly produced; male plates, fig. 97B,
elongate narrow, surpassing pygofers in

length, concavely constricted at middle.
Pronotum, fig. 97.^ unmarked, or with a

median fuscous line and a spot on each side

1. peneoculata
Female seventh sternite, fig. 96C, broadly and

deeply concave; male plates, fig. 9hB, short,

triangular, gradually tapered from bases
to blunt apexes, distinctly shorter than py-
gofers. Pronotum, fig. 96.-/, with at least

two spots on each side of middle; elytra

pale, each with a transverse fuscous band
across the middle of clavus 2. novella

1. Agalliopsis peneoculata Oman

Agalliopsis peneoculata Oman (1933, p. 17).

Fig. 97^. Length 4.0-4.5 mm. Resem-
bling oculata in size and form but with the

elytra concolorous except for an indistinct

transverse smoky bar just posterior to the

forking of the first sector. Vertex shorter

at middle than next to eyes. Pronotum with

posterior margin nearly straight. Elytta

long and tapering. Genitalia: Female sev-

enth sternite, fig. 97C, with posterior margin

broad and convex. Male plates, fig. 91B,

long, lateral margins concave on basal two-

thirds, tips bluntly rounded; aedeagus, fig.

106, long and slender, the tip in dorsal view

appearing very broad and somewhat bilobed.

This species was previously recorded from

New York, Connecticut, and Michigan.

Illinois Record.

—

Karnak: June 14,

19,54, DeLong & Ross, \$, 10 9.

2. Agalliopsis novella (Say)

Jassus novellus Say (1831, p. 309).

Macropsis nobilis Forbes (1885, p, 22).

Fig. 9bA. Length .3.5-4.0 mm. Color

usually light testaceous, sometimes darker;



Ju,u. 194S DeTLonc: I.eafhoi'I'Ers ok Ii.i.rNois 13.?

Fi({s. 96-104.

—

Agalliiiiae. ./, head aiul ]irniicitiiTti ; II. male- exlcriial gciiilalia ;
(.', female

genitalia. ( From Oman.)



l.U Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ol. 24. Art. 2

margins of ocelli, a round spot behind each

ocellus on vertex, and an eloiitiatc spot next

to each eye black. Pronotum with a median

stripe and a spot on either side brown. All

of these markings may vary in intensity.

p]|ytra brown to black, veins pale. Geni-

talia: Female seventh sternite, fig. 96C, with

posterior margin broadly and roundedly

excavated at middle, lateral lobes rounded

or somewhat pointed, Male valve, fig. 96/},

short, emarginate posteriorly; plates semi-

tubular, bluntly rounded at apexes, and

scarcely covering the opening of the large

genital chamber. The internal male genital

structures are variable in form, fig. 105.

This is a common species on herbaceous

ACERATAGALLIA SANGUINOLENTA ACERATAGALLIA BMbERI

Figs. 105-113.—Agalliinae, male genitalia. .-/, lateral view; B, caudal view; C, aedeagus
D, style; £-/, pygofer hook showing variation. (From Oman.)

I



June. :94S DeLong: Leafhopi'ers of Illinois 1J3

r-"iii. IH.

—

.li/iilliopsis novella: a. adult; //, ,, iiyniph ; J, face; c, clyiri)ri;

ij, li, male genitalia. (From Osborn.)
/, female genitalia ;

vc(jctatii)i), and occurs thrmiyhout the east-

ern l-nlted States.

Illinois Records.—Man) males and fe-

males, taken March 20 to October 2, arc

from Aldrid^te, Aljjonquin, Alton, Alto Pass,

Anna, Apple River Canyon State Park,

.Aucervillc, Carhondale, Cave in Rock.

Champai>;n, Chester, Danville, Dixon
Sprint;s, Dolson, Doni;ola, East Cape Gi-
rardeau, PZichorn, Elizabethtown, Fern
Clit^, Fountain Bluff, Freeport, (jolconda.

(jrand Detour, Hardin, Havana, Herod,
Homer, Jonesboro, Kankakee, Karnak, Ma-
homet, Makanda, Monmouth, Monticello,

.Muncie, Normal, Oakwood, Olive Branch,
Oregon, Port Byron, Quincy, Rock Island,

Savanna, Shawncetown, Sparta, "Fopeka,

Urbana, Ursa, V'ienna, \"olo, Wcldon
Springs, White Heath, White Pines Forest

State Park. \Volf Lake, and Zion.

6. A GALLIA Curtis

Agallia Curtis (1833, p. 192).

\'crte,\ short, usually about uniform in

length over its entire width; posterior mar-
gin evenly curved, not extending behind the

eyes laterally. Pronotum short, lateral mar-
gins almost obsolete. Elytra usually short.

This genus contains two of the most com-
mon species of leafhoppers in Illinois. One
of them, constricla, is often found in large

numbers on economic crops.

Key to .Species

1. Pale brown, without dark spots on vertex
and pronorum, tiu. 102,/ -3. deleta

Pale to dark brown, with four distinct
black spots on vertex and pronotum,
figs. 103.V, 104.-/ :

2. Robust; female seventh sternite, fiy;. lO.U.',

truncate or slightly concave; male
plates, fig. 103^, narrowed and pointed,
tips diverging 1. quadripunctata

N!orc slender, wedge shaped; female
seventh sternite, tig. 104C.', roundedly
and convexly produced; male plates,
f-'g. 104/i, narrowed near base and then
produced, convexly rounded to blunt,
and with appressed apexes

2. constricta

1. Aiiiilliii f/iiii(liil)iiiirttil(i ( Prov.inchcr)

BylliDSiiipus i/iiiiJripiirittiilu.< P r o v a n e li e r

(1872, p. 376).
Ulopii canadensis Van Huzee (IS92(, p. 301).

(Immature specimens).

big. \QiA. Length 4 mm. Robust, vary-

ing in color from pale brown to fuscous.

1 wo obliquely converging black spots on

front margin of vertex and a pair of black

spots on pronotum near posterior margin.

Elytra light brown, veins pale. Female
seventh sternite, fig. lO.U-', with posterior

margin truncate. Male plates, fig. \Q}iR

,

small, acutely angled, their lateral margins
c<invex, the plates as long as the pygofers.

Male internal genitalia as in fig. 112.

Experimental work reported by Black

& Oman ( 1947) indicates that in the east-

ern L'nited States the species normally re-

produces parthenogenetically. Their cul-

tures of the species were maintained on

crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum.

A common species in the northeastern

United States, quatlripunetata occurs abun-

dantly in moist open woodland areas.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken .March 4 to January 16, are

from Algonquin, Alto Pass, Antioch, Beach,

Bloomington. Carhondale. Champaign,



136 Illinois NAtuRAL History Survey Bulletin J' ol. 24. Art. 2

(.'hestpr, Chicago, Cypress, Danville, Dixon

Springs, Doison, Donf;ola, Eichorn, Eliza-

licthtoun, i'Ountain Hluff, Fox Lake, Geff,

(Jolconila. (jratton, Herod, Homer, Mc-
Hcnry, Mahomet, Monticello, Muncie,

Normal, Oakwood, Olive Branch, Pulaski,

Qiiincy, Rago, Rock Island, Springfield,

Thebes, Urbana, Vienna, White Heath,

Wilmington, and Zion.

2. Agallia constricta V^an Duzee

.Iffallia constricta Van Uuzee (1894fl, p. 90).

Fig. 104^. Length 3.25-.?. 75 mm. Light

brown in color, a pair of black spots on the

anterior margin of the vertex behind ocelli,

and another pair behind these on the pos-

terior margin of the pronotum. Elytra

brown, veins paler. Female seventh ster-

nite, fig. 1046', twice as long as preceding,

keeled medially; lateral angles produced

and rounded, central portion of posterior

margin shallowly notched on median line.

Male plates, fig. 104B, broad at bases, nar-

rowed to median constriction and then

slightly widened caudally, plates together

rounded at apex ;
pygofers slightly longer

and broader than plates. Male internal

genitalia as in fig. 113.

This is probably the most common species

of Agallia in the eastern United States.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken April 18 to September 24, are

from Albion, Alton, Alto Pass, Anna,

Cache, Cairo, Carbondale, Carman, Cave in

Rock, Cobden, Dixon, Doison, Dongola,

Dubois, East Cape Girardeau, Eichorn,

Elizabethtown, Fountain Bluf?, Fulton, Gol-

conda. Grand Tower, Harrisburg, Havana,

Herod, Homer, Kampsville, Karnak, Kirk-

wood, La Rue, Luna, Macomb, Meredosia,

Metropolis, Monmouth, Mount Carmel,

Mount Sterling, Muncie, Murphysboro,

Niota, Oakwood, Oquawka, Parker, Pike,

Pulaski, Putnam, Quincy, Rosiclare, Sara-

toga, Seymour, Shawneetnwn, Sparta, Sum-
ner, Texas City, Thebes, Unity, Urbana,

Ursa, Vandalia, Vienna, and Wolf Lake.

3. Agallia deleta Van Duzee

Agallia drleta Van Duzee (1909a, p. 210).
Agallia immaculata Lathrop (1917, p. 120).

Fig. \02A. Length 2.5-3.0 mm. Robust,

vertex uniform in length and evenly round-

ed. Color usually pale brown, without defi-

nite markings. Elytra subhy aline, appear-

ing dark. Males frequently darker than

females. Female seventh sternite, fig. 102C
short, posterior margin truncate but often

appearing concave. Male plates, fig. 102B,

small, broad at base, abruptly narrowed to

blunt apexes; aedeagus in lateral view ap-

pearing broad and almost straight, in dorsal

view appearing laterally compressed and

with apex divided for a short distance; the

flaplike projections of the posterior margins

of pygofers are turned slightly inward; in-

ternal genitalia as in fig. 111.

This is a common grass species in the

southern states and along the Atlantic sea

coast. It possibly occurs in Illinois.

7. ACERATAGALLIA Kirkaldy

Accrutagaltia Kirkaldy (1907, p. 30).

Vertex short, usually distinctly longer

at middle than next to eyes; posterior mar-

gin broadly rounded, not produced behind

the eyes. Lateral margins of pronotum very

short. Elytra about as long as abdomen.

Male styles not forked.

This genus contains some of the smallest

individuals of the subfamily; a few species

are extremely abundant and important eco-

nomic pests. Within the genus the species

are almost identical on the basis of external

characters. The males, however, are readily

identified by characters of the internal geni-

talia. The females are difficult to identify

on any basis, but the few characters that

will aid in their identification have been

of-fered in the following key.

Key to Species

1. Females 5

Males 2

2. Each style, fig. 108t), strongly curved
laterally, twisted and somewhat keeled

1. vulgaris
Each style not strongly curved or twisted,

but straight and boat shaped 3

3. Each style, fig. IIOD, broad, outer point

slightly produced; aedeagus shaft, fig.

110.-/, straight, hooked at apex
4. uhleri

Each style narrowed, foot shaped, outer

point sharp, conspicuous; aedeagus
shaft strongly curved dorsally 4

4. Each style, fig. 107D, with ventral tooth.

Size 2.5-2.75 mm., dark in color. Male
plates, fig. 98fl, shorter than pygofers

2. accola
Each style, fig. 109D, without ventral

tooth. Size 2.75-3.0 mm., brown to

gray in color. Male plates, fig. 100/?,

reaching apex of pygofers
3. sanguinolenta



June. 1948 DeLont. : Leafhopi'ers of Ii.i.inc 137

5. Female seventh sternite, tig. lOlC, broad-
ly, rather shallowly, and angularly
excavated 4. uhleri

I'emale seventh sternite truncate or sinu-

ate, not excavated, as in tiys. 98C-100C
' 6

6. Length 3.0-3.25 mm
3. sanguinolenta

Smaller in size, 2.75-3.0 mm.
1. vulgaris, 2. accola

1. Acerattigallid vulgaris Oman

Aceralagatlia vulgaris Oman (1933, p. 60).

Fig. 99A. Length 2.5-.5.0 mm. Similar

to sanguinolenta but usually paler in color.

Yellowish broxvn to darker brown, vertex

with a black spot above each ocellus ; often

a dark median line on vertex and pronotum.

Elytra subhyaline, veins brown. Female
seventh sternite, tig. 996', with posterior

margin almost truncate, faintly notched at

middle. Male valve, tig. 99iS, very short,

often concealed by eighth sternite; plates

short and broad, wider at apex than at

base, apexes almost truncate. Male internal

genitalia as in tig. 108.

This is a common form in the Mississippi

River valley. It occurs abundantly upon

the Illinois prairies. It can be distinguished

from all the other eastern species by the

twisted styles. For many years it was named
cincrea (Osborn & Ball) and is commonly
found in eastern and midwestern collections

under that label. The true riiieren is a

«estern species.

Illinois Records.—.Many males and fe-

males, collected June 12 to October 2, are

from .Albion, Alto Pass, Alton, Ashley,

Barry, Carbondale, Cave in Rock, Dongola,

Dubois, Fairfield, Fountain Bluff, (Jalena,

(j»ff, (jihsonia, Murphysboro, Oak Lawn,
St. Anne. St. Joseph, Shawneetown, Vienna,

and White Pines Forest State Park.

2. Aceratagallia accnla Oman

Atrratagallia accola Oman (1933, p. 57).

l-ig. 98.^. Length 2.5-3.0 mm. Dark
blown, with a brown spot above each ocel-

lus and a brown area next to each eye.

Resembling sanguinolenta but smaller, more
robust, and darker in color. Female seventh

sternite. fig. 986. slightly produced at mid-
dle, posterior margin shallowly and round-
edly notched at middle, slightly sinuate on

either side of notch. .Male valve, fig. 98/i,

short, truncate, appearing transverse; plates

short, slightly narrowed to truncate apexes.
Male internal genitalia as in fig. 107.

This eastern species cannot be distin-

guished easily from sanguinolenta, but the

smaller size and darker color will usually

assist in its identity. An examination of the

male internal genitalia will easily verify or

disprove the identification from external
characters.

Illinois Records.— Dubois: sweeping
from grass, July 2, 1909, 1 <5 , 19. Forest
City: sand, June 6, 1905, Hart, \i.

3. A ceratagalliii sanguinolenta

( Provancher)

liyl/ioscofiis sanc/uinalenla Provancher (lo72
p. 376).

liythoscopus sircifolius I'hler (1877, p. 359).

Fig. 100.:?. Length 2.75-3.25 mm. Robust,

light brown with fuscous markings. A
black or dark brown spot above each ocellus,

a light brown patch next to each eye, and
a longitudinal light brown stripe each side

of pale median line. Pronotum irregularly

marked with fuscous on anterior margin
and with indistinct longitudinal stripes. Ely-

tra pale brown, veins brown, marked with

uhite on clavus. F'emale seventh sternite,

fig. 1006, as in accola, but with lateral

angles more distinct, posterior margin shal-

lowly and medially notched.

Male valve, fig. 100/^, short, truncate,

transverse; plates rather broad, lateral mar-
gins conve.xly and roundedly narrowed to

truncate apexes. Male internal genitalia as

in fig. 109.

This is the most widespread and abundant

species of the genus. It occurs throughout

the eastern states and Canada and has hern

recorded as far west as Utah and Arizona.

It occurs abundantly upon many economic

crops and causes heavy feeding injury. Com-
monly known as the clover leafhopper, it is

probably most abundant upon legume hosts.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, collected June 13 to October 3. are

from Albion, Alton, Amboy, Antioch, Anvil

Rock, Apple River Canyon State Park,

Barry, Beach, Cave in Rock, Decatur, Des

riaines, Dixon, Dixon Springs, Eichorn,

Evergreen Park, l'"ult:)n. Cialcna, Gibsonia,

(irafton. Grand Tower, Hanover, Havan;i.

Herod, KampsviUe, Kinmundy, .Marsh.ill,

Norris City, Oak Lawn, Oakwood, Ogden.

Pike, Port Byron, St. .Anne, St. Joseph.

Savanna, Shetlield, Springfield. Starved



138 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J ol. 24, An. 2

Rock State Park, Summit, Thomson, Vienna,

N'oio, Watson, White Pines Forest State

Park, and Zion.

4. AceriitaSall'o uhli'ri (Van Duzee)

AgtiUia uhleri Van Duzee (1894rt, p. 91).

Kid. \Q\A. Length 3.25-3.75 mm. Re-

sembling sinii/uinnlcnta but more slender

and with the female seventh sternite deeply

notched posteriorly. Vertex slightly swollen

between ocelli, longer at middle than next

to eyes, posterior margin broadly and evenly

rounded. Elytra each with three anteapical

cells. Color brownish cinereous. Face pale

yellowish. Spots on vertex above ocelli

round and black. Scutellum with triangu-

lar basal spots black and with a dark trans-

verse suture. Elytra subhyaline, sometimes

fuscous along commissural line, veins dark,

occasionally with white spots. Genitalia

:

Female seventh sternite, fig. 101C with

posterior margins angularly excavated nearly

half way to the base. Male plates, fig. lOlB,

heavy, lateral margins straight, slightly con-

verging, tips truncate, about equaling pygo-

fers in length; styles, fig. HOD, each broad

on posterior portion, tip truncate, outer

point slightly produced, inner margin ser-

rate ; ventral tooth of style sharp and

slightly hooked; tip of aedeagus, fig. 110^^,

as seen in lateral view, bent sharply upward.

This species is common in the plains

region west of the Mississippi River.

Illinois Records.

—

Alton : June 26,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 3 ? . Apple River

Canyon State Park: July 11, 1934, Frison

& DeLong, 19. Pike: Mississippi flood-

plain, June 28, 1934, 19.

Subfamily BYTHOSCOPINAE

This subfamily is characterized by a short

vertex and by forewings that are set with

short conspicuous setae.

Only one genus, Stragania, is known to

occur in the United States.

8. STRAGANIA Stal

Stragania Stal (1859, p. 49).
Pachynpsis Uhler (1877, p. 466).
Gargaropsis Fowler (1896, p. 167).

Figs. 17, 29. Head, including eyes, nar-

rower than pronotum, very short, parallel

margined, slightly but broadly rounded, al-

most truncate. Pronotum large, finely and

transversely striate. Elytra short and broad,

deeply punctured, covered with hairs.

Twenty species are known to occur in

North America. Of this number only three

are found in the eastern United States and

one of these occurs only in that portion along

the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

I. Stragania apicalis (Osborn & Ball)

Mniropsis apicalis Osborn & Ball (1898, p.

64).

Macropsis alahamcnsls Baker (1900a, p. 58).

Fig. 115. Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Broad and

robust, green, with anterior half of prono-

tum washed with yellow. Elytra green,

covered with greenish hairs. A faint line

along claval suture, apex of clavus, and api-

cal margin of each elytron brown to black.

Venter and legs deep green, tips of tarsi

black. Each elytron exceeding abdomen in

length and with a broad appendix, the whole

surface except appendix covered with short

hair. Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin broadly rounded and with slight

notch at center. Male valve long, truncate,

plates rather short, triangular, apexes

angled.

This is a common species throughout the

state on honey locust.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 27 to September 22, are

from Alton, Barry, Byron. Danville, Dar-

V-.., ,..K H

4

Fiji. 115.

—

Strayanla apicalis. (From Osborn.)



June, 194S DuLoNc: Leafhoi'phrs of Ii.i.inoi 139

u in, Uongola, Dubois, I)u Quoin, Eichorn,

F.liz.ibethtown, Fairfield, Cjrand I'ouer,

Hanover, Ludlow, Malcanda, Mcredosia,

Monticello, Pa\to:i, Sha\vncc:o\vn, L'rbana,

and Vienna.

Subfamily TETTIGONIELLINAE

The cylindrical-shaped body with ocelli

on the disc of vertex, and the three apical

cells in the hind wing will usually distin-

guish this group. The frontal sutures ex-

tend over the anterior margin of vertex

nearly to the ocelli.

Representatives of 11 of the 15 Nearctic

genera in this group occur in Illinois. More
species of the subfamily occur in the West
than in the East.

Kev to Gknf.ra

Posterior corner of pronotum nearly riyht
an^'led, fig. 117; two claval veins nearly
always joined, as in figs. 128, 129 2

Posterior corner of pronotum obtuse or
rounded; claval veins, if present, neve-"
touching 3

I'ace bulhously inflated, fig. 123; claval
veins at most slightly coalesced or con-
nected by a short veinlet, fig. 129

11. Oncometopia
I'ace convexly sloping, fig. 126; claval

veins broadly coalesced and sometimes
with secondary branches, fig. 128

12. Homalodisca
.Margin of vertex with a distinct angulate

swelling above each antenna, fig" 127;
vertex with a deep longitudinal furrow
from near base almost to apex, fig, 121

9. Aulacizes
Margin of vertex without an angulate

swelling above antenna; vertex at most

123

120 121 122

Tettigoniellinae, heads and thoraxes

Fi^. 116.

—

Grapliocrpliala coccinea.

Fig. 117.

—

Onciimrlnpia undala.

Fig. 118.

—

Silioi'ia on atoria.

Fig. 119.

—

I'lesiummala tripiirulittii.

Fig. 120.

—

Cuerria lateralis.

Fig. 121.

—

Aulacizes irrorata.

Fig. 122.—Kolla bifida.

Fig. 123.

—

Oncometopia iiruitila.

Fig. 124.

—

IJraCi iilarep/iala producta.

Fig. 125.

—

Carneocephala fiaviceps.

Fig. 126.

—

llnmalodisfa triquetra.

Fig. 127.

—

.lutacizes irrorata.



140 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 1 oh 24, Art. 2

depressed toward middle of anterior

margin 4

Posterior maryin of pronotum broadly and
evenly emarginate and almost parallel

with anterior margin, fig. 120

10. Cuerna
Posterior margin of pronotum very shal-

lowly emarginate to subtruncate, and
not parallel with anterior margin 5

Flvtra with apical part reticulate veined,

fig. 130 .^
Elytra not reticulate veined, as in fig.

129 7

129

Fig. 128.

—

Homalodisca triquetra, elytron.

Fig. 129.

—

Oncomeiopia undata, elytron.

Fig. 130.

—

Draeculacephala sp., elytron.

Fig. 131.

—

Helochara communis, i antenna.

6. Front appearing nearly straight in profile,

fig. 124; vertex flattened, depressed
behind apex and anterior to ocelli,

fig. 134 19. Draeculacephala
Front appearing convex in profile, fig. 125;

vertex slightly convex and without de-
pressions 16. Carneocephala

7. Entire upper surface closely punctured,
uniform green and rather dull in luster;

antenna of male enlarged or flattened at
apex, fig. 131 15. Helochara

Upper surface nearly always smooth, at
least elytra unpunctured; antenna of
male slender 8

8. Vertex pointedly produced, with margins
nearly straight from eye to apex, fig.

119; clavus with one vein; elytra white,
with longitudinal veins broadly striped
with brown 18. Plesiommata

Vertex more bluntly produced, with mar-
gins more convex from eye to apex, as in
fig. 118; clavus usually with two dis-

tinct veins, but sometimes veins absent
9

9. Antennae at least half as long as body;
head and pronotum with a median and
two pairs of narrow diagonal dark
stripes, fig. 118 21. Sibovia

.Antennae not longer than width of head;
head and pronotum without diagonal
stripes 10

10. Head wider than pronotum, fig. 31; an-
terior margin of vertex with a median
dark spot usually not joined by any
other markings 20. Neokolla

Head usually distinctly narrower than pro-

notum; dark spot at anterior margin of
vertex, if present, joined by other mark-
ings 11

11. Vertex less than one and one-half times
as wide as long; face usually very pale
yellowish; anterior margin of vertex
with a narrow dark band from eye to

eye, fig. 116 17. Graphocephala
Vertex at least one and two-thirds times

as wide as long; face usually dark; an-
terior margin of vertex without a dis-

tinct narrow band, as in fig. 122 12

12. Brown to shiny black, without black
bands 13. Citninius

Green, with black transverse bands on
vertex and pronotum, fig. 133

14. Kolla

9. AULACIZES Amyot & ServiUe

Aulacizes Amyot & Serville (1843, p. 571).

Figs. 121, 127. Posterior corner of prono-

tum obtusely rounded to the slightly emar-

ginate posterior margin; pronotum narrower

than head. Lateral margin of vertex with

an angulate swelling above antennal base;

anterior margin evenly rounded; disc of ver-

tex with a deep longitudinal furrow, which

is broadened anteriorly behind apex. Front

appearing very convex in profile and dis-

tinctly angled with vertex. Claval veins not

joined.

Two species are recorded in this genus

for the United States. One is known only

from Horida, and the other is widely dis-

tributed throughout the eastern United

States.

1. Aulacizes irrorata (Fabricius)

Cicada irrorata Fabricius (1794, p. 33).

Cicada nigripennis Fabricius (1794, p. 32).

Aulacizes rufii'entris Walker (1851a, p. 796).

Length 12.5 mm. Reddish brown, irrorate

with yellow. Head triangular, apex round-

ed, fig. 121. Vertex a little shorter than

basal width, surface irregular and with

median furrow and carinate margin. Prono-

tum hexagonal, coarsely pitted. Color vary-

ing from light to dark reddish brown, with

black blotches on vertex and scutellum.

Spots on costal margin of each elytron and

many irrorations yellow. Female seventh

sternite with posterior margin broadly



June. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 141

rounded, shallowly notched at middle. Male
plates together concavely triangular.

Frequently taken from rank herhaceous

growths of vegetation and occurring many
times in the shruhhy hahitats, this species

occurs throughout the eastern United States

and as far west as Te.xas.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken April 17 to October 5, are

from Aldridge, Ashley, Brownfield, Cave
ill Rock, Central City, Centralia, Charleston,

Danville, Dixon Springs, Dolson, Dongola,

Dubois, East St. Louis, Elizabethtown, Fern

Cliff, Fountain Bluff, Golconda, Grafton,

(irand Tower, Hardin, Havana, Herod,

Homer, Jacksonville, Jonesboro, Makanda,
Manchester, Marshall, Metropolis, Muncie,

Oakwood, Parker, Pine Hills, Pounds,

Quincy, St. Joseph, Starved Rock State

Park, Stonefort, Urbana, Vienna, West
Union, White Heath, and Wolf Lake.

10. CUERNA Melichar

Cuirna Melichar (1924, p. 199).

Fig. 120. Posterior corner of pronotum
obtuse, posterior margin broadly and evenly

emarginate, almost parallel with anterior

margin; pronotum narrower than head.

Lateral margin of vertex slightly rounded

above antenna! base; anterior margin a

little angulate at apex. Disc of vertex a

little depressed. Claval veins not joined.

Fourteen species are recorded in the genus

by DeLong & Knull (1945). Two species

liave been taken in Illinois; the others are

western and southwestern (Oman & Bea-

mer 1944).

Kkv to .Species

tlytra reddish, wing veins dark; surface of
elytra finely rugose between veins

1. lateralis
F.lytra black; surface of elytra, especially in

basal region, with distinct punctures
2. limbata

1. Cuerna lateralis (Fabricius)

Ccnnpis lalrriilis Fabricius (1798, p. 52+).
Cenopis marr/iiirlla Fabricius (1803, p. 96).
New name.

Ctrcopij costalii Fabricius (1803, errata). New
name.

Triliffoniii siriala Walker (1851((, p. 775).
Telligonia hujens Walker (1851m, p. 775).
Ti-ttiytinia pyrrhulelus Walker (I851rt, p. 775).

Length 7-8 mm. Elytra red, marked « itii

black nervures. V'ertex and pronotum black.

irrorate with yellow, rcflexed portions mar-
gined with yellow. Scutelluni black, median
line and other markings yellow. Face black,
with very small yellow spots; margin of
body with a yellow stripe extending from
apex of vertex to each eye, and on each side

of thorax and abdomen to pygofer. Female
seventh sternite truncate posteriorly. Male
plates triangular, a little longer than basal

width.

Abundant in pastures and in herhaceous
growth in cut-over areas, this species is

distributed throughout the eastern United
States and occurs as far west as California.

Illinois Records.

—

Alton: June 26-27,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 2$, 35. Cavk in
Rock: Oct. 2, 1934, Ross & Frison, 2^,29.
(jRafton: June 26, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

2i Oct. 5, 19.?9, Ross & Burks, 19.

2. Cuerna Ihnhala (Say)

Teltiijonia iimhata Say (1825, p. 34U).

Length 8 mm. Similar in size and shape

to lateralis, but black, with a few very small

yellowish spots on vertex, pronotum, and
scutellum. Face black, with small yellow

spots. Surface of elytra, especially in basal

region, distinctly punctured. Female seventh

sternite similar to that of lateralis.

This species has been recorded from the

middle western states and as far west as

California and Colorado.

Illinois Record.

—

Oakwood: Miildle

Fork, April 26, 1911, 2$.

11. ONCOMETOPIA Stal

Oncometopia Stal (1869, pp. 60, 62).

Figs. 117, 123. Head broader than prono-

tum, vertex rounded, obtuse, disc convex,

rounding to front, eyes prominent, front

gibbous; a distinct ledge over antennal

socket. Pronotum short, broadly rounding

in front. Elytra narrow, the lateral mar-

gins of abdominal segments exposed.

Of the three species that occur in North

America, only one is common in the eastern

United States.

1. Onciniii'topia loidata (Fabricius)

Cicada undiila Fabricius (1794, p. 32).

Cicada nrhona Fabricius (1798, p. 520).

Proconia nicjricans Walker (1851a, p. 783).

I'roconia clarior Walker (1851rt, p. 784).

Proconia huernea Walker (1851a, p. 785).

Pruconia mari/inala Walker (1851fl, p. 785).

Pmconia badia Walker (I851«, p. 786).



142 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J<,l.24,Art.2

Prncnnia scutellala Walker (1851(J, p. 786).

I'rncania tenebrosa Walker (1851a, p. 787).

Proconia plagiata Walker (1851a, p. 788).

Omomelopui alflia Fowler (1899, p. 232).

Kig. \M. Length 13 mm. Vertex round-

cdly right angled and two-thirds as long as

hasal width; color orange yellow, marked

with an incomplete circle before the middle,

open in front, and with light radiating lines;

a marginal line from eye to ape.x. Anterior

portion of pronotum and scutellum slate

blue to black. Elytra brownish or reddish,

ape.v distinctly lighter than basal region;

anterior margins of elytra in female some-

times with a rounded granulate exudation.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin forming three equal rounded lobes.

Male plates short, half the length of seventh

sternite.

A species comnKJii in pastures on iron-

weed, J'erjionia sp., and similar rank growth

in weedy areas, luiilaia is distributed

throughout the eastern United States and

occurs westward to Texas and North

Dakota.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 12 to November 7, are

from Aledo, Algonquin, Allerton, Alto Pass,

Anna, Ashley, Belleville, Cairo, Carbondale,

Cave in Rock, Centralia, Champaign, Clay

City, Cobden, Dix, Dixon Springs, Dolson,

Dubois, East St. Louis, Edwardsville, Eic-

Fig. 132

—

Oncometopia undata.

horn, Elizabethtown, Fountain Bluff, Gol-

conda, Goreville, Grafton, Grand Tower,
Havana, Herod, Homer, Hookdale, Jones-

boro, Kampsville, Kankakee, Karnak, Ma-
homet, Mascoutah, Momence, Mound City,

Muncie, Murphysboro, Nashville, Norris

City, Oakwood, Olive Branch, Olney, Pana,

Pankeyville, Parker, Pine Hills, Posey,

Pulaski, Rago, Richview, Seymour, Shaw-

neetown, Springfield, Urbana, Waltersburg,

White Heath, Wolf Lake, and York.

12. HOMALODISCA Stal

Homalodisca Stal (1869, pp. 60, 63).

Figs. 126, 128. Vertex and pronotum

deflexed, verte.x triangular, wider than pro-

notum, and with large prominent eyes; ver-

tex forming an acute angle with front, which

appears straight or flat when viewed later-

ally. Pronotum quadrangular.

Five species of this genus are known to

occur in North America. Four of then;

are confined to the Southwest and one is

found in the southern states, where it oc-

curs from South Carolina to Arkansas and

Texas. Since the state of Illinois extends

southward to the junction of the Ohio and

Mississippi rivers, and cotton is commonly

grown in this area, it may be that Ho7naln-

disca Iriqueira, which is a common pest of

cotton in the South, will be found in this

area at some future time.

1. Homalodisca triguetra (Fabricius)

Cicada triguetra Fabricius (1803, p. 63).

Tettigonia vitripennis Germar (1821, p. 61).

Tettigonia coagulata Sav (1832, p. 13).

Proconia cxchidens Walker (1851^-, p. 98).

Tettigonia ichthyocephala Signoret (1854, p.

494).
Proconia admittcns Walker (1858, p. 227).

Proconia aurigena Walker (1858, p. 228).

Length 13 mm. Elongate, with triangular

head, which is strongly produced and bluntly

angled. Vertex as long as width between

eyes at base and slightly longer than prono-

tum; disc flat, sloping to a median furrow.

Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum dark

brown, finely and irregularly irrorate with

yellow. Elytra each subhyaline, tinged with

brown, a broad pale transverse band before

middle, and a reddish spot before apical

cells that extends anteriorly along the costa.

Face and venter orange yellow. Female

seventh sternite elongate, with produced

lateral angles, between which the posterior

margin is rather widely and deeply exca-



Jiiiie, 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 143

vated; male plates triangular, one-third

longer than basal Avidth, apexes acutely

angled.

This species is distributed throughout the

southeastern United States and is known to

occur as tar west as Texas.

13. CIMINIUS Metcalt & Bruner

Ciminius Metcalf i Bruner (1936, p. 944).

Related to kolln. \'erte\ triangular,

broader than long; the anterior margins

continuing from the margins of the eyes;

the dorsal surface sloping to meet the

slightly inflated face.

1. Ciminius hartii (Ball)

Trtl'ujiinia liartii Hall (19U1, p. 61).

Length .5.75-5.0 mm. Short and robust,

u ith dimorphic sex colors; female grayish

brown, male shiny black. Vertex twice as

wide as long. Female with ocelli and a pair

of spots behind them black; anterior part of

vertex darker, with a light spot at apex;

pronotum brown, anterior margin yellowish,

a dark spot behind either eye; basal angles

ot scutellum black; elytra gray, nervures

yellowish, daval margins pale blue. Male
with white spot on apex of vertex; pale cir-

cles around ocelli and at apex of scutellum.

Female seventh sternite with truncate

posterior margin bearing a median tooth

formed by an incision on either side of center.

Male plates very short, triangular, apexes

blunt.

The species occurs in pasture and meadow
areas and has been taken in the Aristida

gracilis habitat. It is distributed rather

abundantly through the eastern United

States and occurs as far west as Texas and

New Mexico.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 14 to October 2, are from Alton,

Carbondale, Cave in Rock, Centralia, Cob-

den, Dubois, Hardin, Herod, Marshall,

Metropolis, Pike, Springfield, and V^ienna.

14. KOLLA Distant

Kolhi l)l>taiit (19(17, p. 223).

Fig. 122. Vertex subconically narrowed
anteriorly, lateral margins in line with cor-

responding margins of eyes. Face with

lateral areas somew-hat strongly and trans-

versely striate. Antennae long.

Two species are recorded in this genus

lor the United States, and both occur in

Illinois.

Key to Species

Length at least 5.5 mm.; nervures of elytra
broad and black 1. bifida

Length not exceeding 5.0 mm.; elytra dark
green, without broad black nervures

2. geotnetrica

1. Kolla bifida (Say)

Tettii/unia bifida Say (1831, p. 313).
Trttiijonia lenelta Walker (1851a, p. 77U).

Fig. Ui. Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Green,
with white transverse bands on head and
pronotum, nervures of elytra black. Vertex

Fi)<. m.—Kolla Infida.

bluntly conical, short, almost twice as wide
as long, black ; two white spots at apex, a

transverse white band across disc, and an-

other on posterior margin. Face black.

Pronotum margined with a black band an-

teriorly, posterior margin white, with a

black band just anterior to it; disc green.

Elytra green, nervures black, apexes smoky.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin roundedly produced at middle. Male
plates short, triangular, apexes slightly pro-

duced.

A common meadow and pasture species,

especially abundant on coarse grasses in

moist areas, bifida is distributed throughout



144 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ol. 24, Art. 2

the enstcrn states and occurs as far west

as Kansas and Nebraska.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 14 to October 20, are

from Aldridge, Algonquin, Alton, Apple

River Canyon State Park, Carbondale, Cave

in Rock, Channel Lake, Clay City, Dolson,

Oongola, Dubois, Elizabethtown, Fern Cliff,

I'ountain Bluff, Grafton, Grand Detour,

Grand Tower, Herod, Kampsville, Kanka-

kee, Karnak, Lima, Metropolis, Mount
Carmel, Muncie, Newton, Oak Lawn, Oak-

wood, Quincy, Rock Island, Savanna, Shaw-

neetown, Urbana, Valley City, Vienna, Wat-
son, and White Heath.

2. Kolla geometrica (Signoret)

Tettigonia geometrica Signoret (1854, p. 12).

Tettiyonia psiltacella Fowler (1900, p. 290).

Length 4.5-5.0 mm. In general appear-

ance similar to bifida but smaller; elytra

without black nervures. Vertex black,

marked with two apical spots and two trans-

verse bright yellow bands as in bifida. Face

black. Pronotum and scutellum marked as

in bifida. Elytra bright green, nervures

faintly black, apexes smoky ; each with three

light spots anterior to smoky area and costal

margin. Female seventh sternite with

rounded posterior margin. Male plates

short, triangular.

A common pasture and meadow species,

especially in moist areas, geometrica is dis-

tributed in the southern states from the Dis-

trict of Columbia to Arkansas and Missouri.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May 7 to September 24, are from
Alto Pass, Dixon Springs, Dolson, Fern

Cliff, Herod, Jonesboro, Karnak, Ozark,

Rago, Urbana, and Vienna.

15. HELOCHARA Fitch

Hetiichara Fitch (1851, p. 56).

Fig. 131. Head wider than thorax, much
broader than long, slightly and obtusely

angled, and conical. The reflexed portion

of the front elevated and prominent. Pro-

file of face convex. Pronotum very long,

hexangular, resembling the pronotum of

Aulacizcs: lateral margins short. Scutellum

very small. Each elytron coriaceous, veins

distinct, raised, with three anteapical and
five apical cells.

Two species belonging to the genus are

known in North America. One of them is

known only from California. The other is

common throughout most of the United

States.

1. Helochara communis Fitch

Helocliara communis Fitch (1851, p. 56).

Tettigonia herbida Walker (1851«, p. 769).

Length of female 6.0-7.0 mm.; male 4.0-

5.5 mm. Usually dark green, but often pale

green or yellowish, with a dark green stripe

along claval suture. Eyes, ocelli, and con-

centric lines on reflexed portions of front

dark. Male face black, female face green,

marked with black arcs. The vertex is ob-

tusely angled, blunt on margin, the reflexed

portion of front prominent on vertex. Fe-

male seventh sternite with posterior margin

slightly produced at middle. Male plates

triangular, finger-like. Each antenna of

male enlarged toward apex, fig. 131.

This is a very common species and prob-

ably the one taken most abundantly along

stream margins, in low marshy grasses, or

in wet meadows. It is transcontinental in

distribution.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 10 to October 17, are

from Algonquin, Apple River Canyon State

Park, Atlas, Beach, Cave in Rock, Fo\

Lake, Freeport, Fulton, Galena, Havana,

Harvard, Momence, Mount Carmel, Oak
Lawn, Oquawka, Palos Park, Princeton,

Rock Island, Sheffield, Spring Grove, Sun

Lake, Urbana, and Volo.

16. CARNEOCEPHALA Ball

Carneocephala Ball (1927, p. 39).

Fig. 125. Resembling Draeculaccpluilu in

general appearance and in the character of

the reticulate apical portion of the elytra

but differing by having the front inflated and

conically rounded to the vertex. The vertex

hicks the definite margin found in Draeciila-

cephala; front mottled with tawny. Prono-

tum long, inclined to be hexangular.

Eight species are recorded by Notting-

ham (1932) and Knull (1940) as occurring

in the United States; two of these occur in

the East. Only one is known from Illinois.

1. Carneocephala fiaviceps (Riley)

Diedrocephala fiaviceps Riley (1880, p. 78).

Length of female 5.0-6.0 mm., male 4.5-

5.0 mm. Dull greenish, elytra conspicuously



Jufu. 1948 DeLong : Leafhoi'i'ers of li.i.ixois 145

marked by white veins, apexes pale gray

or smoky, reticulate veined. \'erte\ bluntly

angled, fulvous, marked with white. Prono-

tum yellowish anteriorly, disc screen. !• ace

fulvous tinted with pink. Female seventh

sternite with a broad slifihtly pnnluceil

median lobe. Male plates broad, jiradually

tapered to rather blunt apexes, each bearing

a finger-like process.

A common grass-feeding species, flavi-

cfps occurs throughout the southern United

States and is distributed from coast to coast.

Although it is known in Illinois only in the

southern part, there , are records of its

occurrence in Wisconsin.

Illinois Records.

—

Cave ix Rock:
Oct. 2, 1934, Ross, 4d, 29. Di.xox

Si'Rixcs: July 29, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

2d. 12. Harrisburc: at light, June 15,

1934, UeLong & Ross, 1 9 ; Aug. 3. 1934,

DeLong & Ross, \ i , 19. Horseshoe

L.vke: at light. July 10, 1933, Ross & De-

Long, 2<J, 19. L.awrenceville: Sept. 7,

1933, Ross & Mohr, 19. Metropolis:

Aug. 20, 1916, 2d, 49. Vienna: June 14,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 <5 , 3 9; Aug. 3,

I9.U. DeLong & Mohr, 2 <3 .

17. GRAPHOCEPHALA Van Duzee

Oraphocephala Van Duzee (1916, p. 56).

Fig. 116. Head narrower than pronotum,

eyes small, vertex almost flat, roundedly

angled, apex obtusely rounded, margin

sharp, acute, and dark lined. Front broad,

appearing flat above in profile. Pronotum

broadest across lateral angles, strongly

curved in front, the side margins continu-

ous with the curve of anterior margin. This

genus contains some highly colored species

that can be distinguished readily from the

related Ciminius by the dark marginal band

on the vertex.

Four species are known to occur in the

United States; two of them are confined

to the Southwest and two occur in the east-

ern states. One is northern and the other

is southern in distribution, and both are

found in Illinois.

1. Graphocephalli coccinea (Forster)

Citada coccinea Forster (1771, p. 69).
Tcttigonia r/uajrk'illala Say (18J1, p. 312).
Teltigonia picta Walker (I'gSld, p. 758).

Length 8-9 mm. Pronotum and elytra red,

marked with green longitudinal stripes; a

broad median stripe on posterior portion of

pronotum and a pair of oblique green stripes

from the humeral angles. Elytra red; with
claval suture, costal margin, a median stripe

on corium, and the sutural margin before the

middle of each green. Face and vertex yel-

low, a broad black band just beneath margin
of vertex. Scutellum yellow. Female seventh

sternite with posterior margin produced and
rounded. .Male plates long, concavely nar-

rowed, attenuate, apexes acute.

This is one of the largest, most conspicu-

ously marked, and most common species of

the North American leafhopper fauna. It

usually occurs in abundance upon Rubus
and is frequently found in all stages upon
certain species of ornamental shrubs such

as Forsythia. It often occurs in sufficient

numbers to cause economic injury to orna-

mental plants. It is distributed throughout

the eastern United States and occurs as far

west as Texas and Oklahoma.

Illinois Records.—.Many males and fe-

males, taken June 1 to October 21. are

from Algonquin, Anna, Antioch, Apple River

Canyon State Park, Atlas, Bluffs, Borton,

Channel Lake, Chicago, Dixon, Dixon

Springs, Dolson, Dubois, Fichorn, Eliza-

bethtown. Galena, Galesburg, Cjolconda,

Grafton, Grand Detour, Cirandview, (jrand

Tower, Hardin, Harrishurg, Harvard,

Havana, Herod, Homer, Justice, Kanka-

kee, Keithsburg, Karnak, La (jrange, Law-
rcnceville, Mahomet, Monticello, Mound
City, Mount Carmel, Muncie, New .Milford,

Newton, Normal, Oakwood, Oregon, Pala-

tine. Palos Park, Pulaski, Putnam, Quincy,

Rock Island. Rosiclare, Savanna, Shawnee-

town. Starved Rock State Park, Temple

Hill, Urbana, Vienna, Villa Ridge, Volo,

Warren, Warsaw, Watson. Wauconda.

White Heath, and White Pines Forest

State Park.

Key to .Species

Vertex yellow, with a black band on anterior

margin; length 8 mm. or more
. .

.

"
I. coccinea

Vertex yellow, a black line just back of margin

and parallel to it, and a pair of proximal

lonk'itudinal lines on disc; length 6 mm. or

less 2. versuta

2. Graphocephala versuta (Say)

Teltiyonia versula Say (1831, p. 311).

TellKjuniu reJiutii Fowler (1900, p. 276).

Length 5-6 nun. Similar in color mark-

ings to coccinea but smaller in size. Vertex

yellow, a black stripe on front just below



146 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J- ol. 24, Art. 2

margin, a pair of median proximal black

lines joined anteriorly with a pair of oblique

black lines, which are almost parallel with

anterior margins. Pronotum yellow at apex

and along sides, and green posteriorly.

Scutellum yellow or reddish, with black

longitudinal lines. Elytron green or blue, a

red stripe on either side of a blue stripe on

claval suture; apical margin and posterior

portion of costa pale yellow, with dark spots

around apex. Female seventh sternite with

posterior margin angularly produced, con-

cave laterally. Male plates concavely nar-

rowed to pointed apexes, which are dark at

tips and slightly turned up.

This species is especially abundant in the

southern United States and occurs in south-

ern Illinois and as far west as Texas. It

is usually found in grassy and other types

of herbaceous vegetation.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 7 to November 13, are

from Alto Pass, Anna, Anvil Rock, Borton,

Browns, Cache, Carbondale, Carmi, Cave

In Rock, Chester, Dixon Springs, Dongola,

Dubois, Eichorn, Elizabethtown, Fountain

Bluff, Gibsonia, Golconda, Grand Tower,

Harrisburg, Herod, High Knob, Homer,

Jonesboro, Karbers Ridge, Karnak, Ma-

kanda, Marshall, Metropolis, Mount Car-

mel, Norris City, Pounds, Pulaski, Quincy,

Rosiclare, Shawneetown, Thebes, Urbana,

Valley City, Vienna, Villa Ridge, Watson,

Wichert, and White Heath.

18. PLESIOMMATA Provancher

PUsiommala Provancher (1889, p. 263).

Fig. 119. Slender, elongate in form. Ver-

tex strongly produced and bluntly angled,

mor« than two-thirds as long as basal width

between eyes. Ocelli equidistant between

posterior and lateral margins of vertex.

Dorsal surface of vertex not deflexed, an-

terior portion gently rounded to apex and

bluntly angled with front.

Only two species are known in this genus.

One is recorded from Arizona. The other,

tripunctata, is eastern in distribution. It was

described as belonging to Tettigonia by

Fitch (1851) and referred to Kolla by Van

Duzee (1912). Van Duzee (1917) placed

it in Pagaronia, a genus of larger western

species. Oman (1938i), in a revision of

the tribe Errhomenellini, placed it in Ple-

s'tommata, a genus erected for it when it

was redescribed by Provancher.

1. Plesiommata tripunctata (Fitch)

Tettigonia tripunctata Fitch (1851, p. 55).

Plesiommata biundidata Provancher (1889, p.

263).

Length 5 mm. White, marked with dark

brown or black. Vertex conically pointed,

with three black spots, one at apex and one

enclosing each ocellus. Reflexed portion of

face often marked with brown arcs. Mar-

gins of pronotum with brown lines, two

transverse bands on disc. Elytral margins,

nervures, and claval sutures with narrow

brown lines. Posterior margin of female

seventh sternite truncate or slightly rounded.

Male plates broad at base, triangular,

apexes produced, forming attenuate tips.

A common species in open wooded areas

on Mutilenbergia and similar herbaceous

plants, tripunctata is distributed throughout

the eastern United States and as far west as

Missouri.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken February 1 to October 16, are from

Aldridge, Apple River Canyon State Park,

Dolson, Grand Tower, Herod, Normal,

Thomson, Urbana, Vienna, and White

Heath.

19. DRAECULACEPHALA Ball

Dracculaccphala Ball (1901, p. 66).

Fig. 124. Vertex triangularly produced,

bluntly pointed, frequently depressed just

back of apex of vertex and flat or concave

on anterior discal portion. Pronotum equal-

ing width of head or narrower. Elytra long,

narrowed apically, greenish, nervures raised,

often paler, the apical and anteapical cells

irregularly reticulate veined. The vertex

anterior portion of pronotum, and scutel-

lum are usually a shade of yellow, and the

disc of pronotum and the elytra are dark

green. All the members of this genus are

similar in color pattern.

These leafhoppers are found in meadows,

marshes, and swamps and occur on grasses

and sedges, usually in abundance. Four-

teen species have been recorded for North

America in the various revisions of Van

Duzee (1915a), Ball (1927), and Ball &

China (1933). Nine forms have been col-

lected in Illinois.

Key to Species

1. Anterior portion of pronotum with black

or brown vermiculate markings 2

Anterior portion of pronotum pale yellow



Jum. 194S DeLonc, : Leafhopi'krs of Illinois 147

10.

or yreen, without definite dark vcrmicu-
late markings ,<

Markings on vertex and pronotum lilack,

prominent; males not exceeding 6 mm.,
females not exceeding 8 mm. in length

1. inscriptii

.Markings on vertex and pronotum usually

brownish, not prominent; males at

least 8 mm., females at least 10 mm. in

length 6. portola var. pal.'dosa
\ ertex short in males; apex blunt, rounded

margin thickened anteriorly; conspicu-

ous black spots at apex and next to eves
'.4

Vertex usually more angularly produced
and acute; dark spots at apex small or

faint, lines on vertex faint or narrow 5

Male with a pair of black spots at apex
ot vertex and a spot just back of apex on
meson, b'emale with vertex one-tourth
wider than long, markings often taint

2. prasina
Male with a pair of black spots at apex
and a spot next to each eye; median
spot absent. Female with vertex almost
as long as basal width, markings usually

dark, conspicuous 3. angulifera
Females 6

Males 8

length 9.0-10.0 mm 7

Length 7.5-8.0 mm
8. constricta and 7. mollipes

Length 10 mm.; vertex about as long as

basal width between eyes
5. portola and 4. producta

Length 9 mm.; vertex decidedly longer than
basal width between eyes

9. antica
.Aedeagus with the ventral process of the

dorsoposterior portion abruptly round-
ed from narrow basal stalk to form a

rounded apical portion, as in figs. 148,
150 V 9

Ventral process not abruptly widened,
more sloping, narrower and more
elongate, as in fig. 143 10

.Acdeagus, fig. 148, with terminal portion
as wide as long and subangulate on the
sides near neck 5. portola

.Aedeagus, fig. 150, with terminal portion
longer than wide and nearly evenly
rounded on sides between neck and
apex 4. producta

.Apex of ventral process, fig. 143, narrowed
and bluntly angled 7. mollipes

-Apex ot ventral process rounded and
notched, as in figs. 147, 149 11

\'cntral process, fig. 149, appearing in

ventral view narrowly notched either

side near base, gradually widened trom
notch to apex, which is broadly rounded
either side of a deep notch; long slender
processes from ventroanterior portion
straight, not curved at apex 9. antica

\ entral process, fig. 147, broadly, concavely
rounded either side at base, widened on
apical half, broadly rounded at apex,
with a slight median notch; long slender
processes from ventroanterior portion
curved dorsally at apex

8. constricta

1. Draeculacephala insctipta \an Duzee

Draiculacef/iala insiripiu Van Duzee (1915a,
p. 180).

Length of female 8 mm., male 6 mm.
Short headed, with prominent black mark-
ings on vertex and anterior portion of pro-

notum. Vertex bluntly pointed, in both

sexes decidedly wider between eyes than
median length. Scutellum and anterior por-

tion of pronotum yellow; disc of pronotum
and elytra dark green; verte.v with three

broad curved black arcs between each eye

and apex, a median black longitudinal line,

a black oblique line anterior to median
longitudinal line, a black oblique line an-

terior to and another posterior to ocellus,

and a black spot between ocellus and eye.

Pronotum one-tourth longer than vertex.

Anterior portion marked with heavy black

vermiculate lines. Scutellum with two
round black spots on anterior portion of disc.

Posterior margin of female seventh ster-

nite produced at median one-fourth with

apex rounded, then concavely rounded on

each side. Male plates rather long, tri;ingu-

lar, gradually narrowed to rounded and up-

turned apexes. Styles, (ig. 144, elongate,

each broad near base, narrowed toward
ape.\, with apical fifth bent inward, sloping

to pointed apex, which is turned upward.

The ventroanterior part of aedeagus bears

two pairs of processes; the dorsal pair

medium in length ;ind heavy, the ventr;il

pair slender and long, almost enclosing re-

mainder of aedeagus. The dorsoposterior

portion also bears a pair of dorsally directed

processes at base, and a ventral portion,

which is about one-third as wide as long

(in ventral view), narrow at base for about

one-fourth its length, then rapidly broad-

ened and rounded to a blunt produced apex.

Pygofers as in fig. \i6A.

This species is distributed throughout the

southeastern states and has been found in

southern Ohio and southern Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

K.^rnak: Aug. 8,

1934, Ross, DeLong, & Mohr, 29. Norris

City: on Jussiaea diffusa, Sept. 9, 1933,

Ross & Mohr, 12 i , 12 2.

2. Draeculacephala prasina (Walker)

Tettigonia prasina Walker (1851a, p. 768).

Aulacizes novehorannsis Filch (1851, p. 56).

Length 8.0-8.5 mm. Blunt headed, with

a pair of heavy black spots at apex of yellow

vertex, and a black spot just in front of



148 Illinois Natural History Sur\i;v Bulletin rol.24,Art.2

each eye along margin, these spots usually

larger in male than in female. Pronotum

with anterior margin yellow, posterior por-

tion dark green. Scutellum yellow, elytra

green. Vertex bluntly angled, in male one-

third wider between eyes than median length

and decidedly shorter than pronotum. In

female one-fourth wider between eyes than

median length and about as long as prono-

tum.

Female seventh sternite long, with rather

prominent lateral angles, between which the

posterior margin is concavely rounded either

side of a median produced apical fourth, the

latter blunt at apex. Male plates appearing

rather short and triangular, but each with

blunt rounded upturned apex. Styles, fig.

145, long and narrow, each with the apical

half curved dorsally and then caudally and

sharp pointed at apex; ventroanterior por-

tion of aedeagus with a pair of dorsally

directed divergent processes and a pair of

ventral processes that are curved outward,

dorsally, and then caudally, enclosing the

dorsoposterior portion of the aedeagus; the

latter portion with a pair of dorsally di-

rected processes and a ventral portion. The
ventral portion is short and bears a pair

of apical processes that are directed basad

and are almost as long as the portion to

which they are attached. Pvgofers as in

fig. 1.^8.^.

This is a common transcontinental species

and is found in the United States from coast

to coast.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May 14 to October 5, are from Algon-

quin, Alsip, Amboy, Antioch, Champaign,

Des Plaines, Fox Lake, Grand Detour,

Ingleside, Lake Villa, McHenry, Moline,

Orangeville, Savanna, Sun Lake, Water-
man, Wauconda, Waukegan, and Zion.

3. Draectilacephala angulifera (Walker)

Tettiijonia anijnlifera Walker (1851fl, p. 771).
Oraeculaccphula matiitohiana Ball (1901, p.

70).

Length of female 8.5 mm., male 7.5 mm.
Large, yellow and green, with a short

bluntly angled head and distinctive geni-

talia. Vertex in male distinctly wider be-

tween eyes at base than median length; in

female slightly wider at base than median
length. Vertex, anterior portion of prono-
tum, and scutellum yellow. Posterior half

of pronotum and elytra dark green. Male
with a black spot on either side of apex

of vertex from which arise four parallel

marginal lines; large triangular black spot

just back of apex, from the base of which

a diagonal heavy black line extends to each

ocellar suture; from each line a broad stripe

branches, extends inside of ocellus; in fe-

male, spots on either side of apex are much
smaller; four marginal parallel lines con-

spicuous; median brown line extends from

near apex to base; the two oblique lines

OM each side are brown; the anterior line

is anterior to the ocellus and the posterior

line is mesad and posterior to the ocellus.

F'emale seventh sternite with posterior

margin produced, sloping from lateral

angles to form a bluntly angled apex,

slightly excavated near the lateral angles

on each side. Male plates triangular, each

tapered from a rather broad base to a nar-

row pointed apex, and exceeded by pygofer,

fig. 139^^, which is almost twice as long as

plate. The dorsoposterior portion of the

aedeagus, fig. 146, with a pair of long proc-

esses arising at base; ventral process rather

broad at base and bearing lateral spurs;

process constricted near base and produced

for two-thirds its length, then enlarged to

form a terminal portion that bears a long

process on each outer angle, which extends

basally. The terminal portion is narrowed

and blunt at apex.

This species ranges from Ontario and

Manitoba to Colorado. It is rare in Illi-

nois.

Illinois Records.—Cedar Lake: Aug. 6,

1906, 1<J, 29. Champaign: at light, July

26, 1889, \S. Lake Villa: swamp, Aug.

9, 1906, U,4$.

4. Draeciilacephala producta (Walker)

Tettiijonia producta Walker (1851rt, p. 772).

Tettigonia acuta Walker (1851a, p. 773).

Tetticjonia minor Walker (1851«, p. 772).

Dracculacrpliala cuhnna Metcalf & Briiner

(1936, p. 926).

Length of female 10 mm., male 7 mm.
Large, resembling mollipes in coloration

and general appearance but with distinctive

male genitalia. Vertex bluntly and angu-

larly produced, in male wider between eyes

than median length and much shorter than

pronotum; in female as long as basal width

between eyes and as long as pronotum.

Vertex, anterior portion of pronotum, and

scutellum yellow, the remainder of dorsal

surface dark green. The vertex marked

with faint brownish lines. ;



Ju,u . I'MS DeLonc: Li;ai-iioi'|'krs or Iii.inois 149

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin strongh produced and concave either

side of blunt apex. Male plates long and

each concavely narrowed to blunt acute

apex. Styles, fig. 150, short, rather broad,

apical half of each curved inwardly with

apex bent ventrally; aedeagus with ventro-

anterior portion bearing a pair of short

<lorsally directed processes and a pair of

long curved divergent spinelike structures

that extend to apex of aedeagus, converge

near apex, and have a tip bent dorsally;

dorsoposterior portion also has a pair of

thick dorsally directed processes and a ven-

tral process that in ventral view is narrow
at base, broadly rounded at middle, and has

apex broadly curved; ventral process about

two-thirds as wide as long. Pygofers as in

tig. 142.

This is a common species in Illinois and

is also known from California, Washington,

Colorado, and Florida.

Illinois Records.—,Man\ males and fe-

males, taken from May 7 to November 4,

are from Algonquin, Anna, Antioch, Anvil

Rock, Apple River Canyon State Park,

Arlington Heights, Atlas, Belvidere, Bloom-
ington. Cache, Cairo, Carbondale, Carlyle,

Cave in Rock, Champaign, Danville,

Decatur, Dixon, Dolson. Dubois, East Cape
(jirardeau. East St. Louis, Elizabeth. Eliza-

bethtown. Evergreen Park, Fountain Bluff,

Fox Lake, Fulton, Geff, Gibsonia, Gol-
conda, Grafton, Grand Detour, Gulfport,

Hamilton, Hardin, Harrisburg, Harvard,
Havana, Herod, High Knob, Homer,
Horseshoe Lake, Jonesboro, Kampsville,

Kankakee, Karnak, Luther, Macomb,
Makanda, Manteno, Marshall, McHenry,
.Metropolis, Momence, Mount Carmel,
Muncie, New Holland, New Milford,

Norris City, Oak Lawn, Oakwood, Ogden,
Olive Branch, Oquawka, Orangeville,
Palos Park, Parker, Parker City, Pike,

Princeton, Pulaski, Putnam, Quincy, Rosi-

clare, St. Joseph, Savanna, Shawneetown,
Springfield, Spring \'alley. Starved Rock
State Park, Texas City, Thomson, L'rbana,

Vienna, Villa Ridge, Volo, Waltersburg,
Watson, White Pines l''orest State Park,

Wolf Lake, and Zion.

.^. Diaecultutpliiild porlola Ball

Urafculiueplial,! f'ulotii MM (1927, p. 35).

Length of female 9.5 mm., male 7.5 mm.
In form and general appearance resembling

prnducia but « ith male genitalia different.

Vertex rather well produced, in male as

long at middle as basal width between eyes;

in female a little longer at middle than basal

width between eyes. Vertex, anterior half

of pronotum, and scutellum yellow; vertex
with a brown spot cither side of apex, each
spot merging with the inner of three paral-

lel marginal brownish lines; median line

and a pair of diagonal lines on disc brown;
posterior half of pronotum dark green,

elytra dark green with pale veins.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin produced, gradually sloping from
rounded lateral angles to form a broadly

angled, bluntly pointed apex. .M.ile plates

long, narrow, triangular, exceeded in length

by the pygofers. Aedeagus, fig. 148, similar

to that of prudutia but having the ventral

process of the dorsoposterior portion with
the narrowed constricted neck portion longer,

and expanded part beyond the narrowed
portion more abruptly widened to form broad

shoulders at the base, from which the sides

slope to form the bluntly pointed apex;

pygofers, as in tig. \},1A, also broadly

rounded and not constricted or narrowed
before apexes.

This species was described from I'lorida

and is known from three localities in Illi-

nois.

Illinois Records.

—

.Muncie: cattail bog,

April 7, 19,?7, I). T. Ries, I 9. Si-ring

V.alley: June 28, 19.57, Ross & Burks, 1 9 .

Urb.an.x: July 2, 1889, C. A. Hart, 1 9.

6. Draeculacfphida portala var. piiliidosa

Ball c^ China

IJriiri ttliii rphiiin piiliidtisit liall & C^hiiia (1933,

p. 3).

Length of female 10-11 mm., male 8 mm.
In general form resembling the typical

pijitiila but a little larger and with irregular

dark vermiculate markings on the yellow

anterior one-third of the pronotum. Pre-

dominant color dark green, the vertex and

scutellum yellow; dark lines on vertex

prominent. .Male genitalia as in porlola,

fig. 148.

This form is widely distributed from the

East Coast to the West Coast and occurs

upon the river bulrush, Scirpus fluv'uitilis,

at the margin of fresh-water swamps and

marshes.

Illinois Record.—Bud.a: in swamp, July

12, 1937, Mohr & Burks, 19.



150 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J'ol. 24, Art. 2

7. Draeculacephala niollipcs (Sny)

Tillujonia mollipes Say (1831, p. 312).

J^ength of female 7.5-8.0 mm., male 6.0

mm. Yellow and green, with acutely angled

vertex and without conspicuous markings.

Vertex produced, apex blunt, as long as or

slightly longer than basal width and slightly

longer than pronotum. Vertex, anterior

portion of pronotum, and scutellum yellow,

posterior portion of pronotum and elytra

dark green. Vertex faintly marked with

narrow brownish lines.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin concavely and roundedly produced

either side of a median produced rounded

apex. Male plates long, each concavely

tapered to a narrow rounded divergent

apex. Styles, fig. 143, short, each rather

broad at middle of apical portion, bent in-

wardly, and outer margin concavely rounded

to pointed apex; ventroanterior portion of

aedeagus with a pair of rather short thick

dorsally directed processes and a pair of

long spinelike ventral processes that diverge

and extend caudally to tip of aedeagus, with

their apexes curved dorsally; dorsoposterior

portion with a pair of dorsally divergent

processes and a ventral process that in ven-

tral view appears elongate, about one-third

as wide as long, with narrow base and

narrow bluntly pointed apex. Pygofers as

in fig. U\J.
This is a widely distributed species

throughout the United States.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 10 to October 6, are from Apple

River Canyon State Park, Carmi, Dixon
Springs, Dolson, Farina, (julfport, Harris-

burg, Herod, High Knob, Jonesboro, Kar-
nak. Mount Carmel, Muncie, Norris City,

Princeton, Shawneetown, Springfield,

Temple Hill, Vienna, Watson, and White
Heath.

8. Draeculacephala constricta Davidson

& DeLong

Draeculacephala constricta Davidson & De-
Long (1943, p. 193).

Fig. 1.34. Length of female 8.0 mm., male
6.5 mm. Resembling mollipes in size, form,

and color but with distinctive male genitalia.

Vertex produced and bluntly angled, in both
sexes as long as basal width and slightly

shorter than pronotum. Vertex, anterior

portion of pronotum, and scutellum yellow,

vertex marked with faint brownish longi-

tudinal lines. Posterior portion of prono-

tum and elytra dark green, veins paler.

Female seventh sternite produced at apex,

bluntly pointed, and concave on either side

Fig. 134.

—

Draeculacephala constricta.

of apex. Male plates long, each reaching

to tip of pygofer, concavely narrowed to

acutely rounded apex. Styles, fig. 147, short,

each broad at middle, apical portion bent

inwardly, narrowed to pointed apex; ven-

troanterior portion of aedeagus with a pair

of dorsally directed basal processes and a

ventral pair of posteriorly directed diver-

gent spinelike structures that extend almost

to end of aedeagus and with apex that bends

upward; dorsoposterior portion with a pair

of dorsally directed processes and a ventral

portion that is elongate, narrowed at base,

convexly rounded in apical one-half and has

apex broadly rounded; in lateral view ven-

tral portion decidedly constricted just before

base. Pygofers as in fig. \AQA.

This species is found widely over the

eastern and middle western states.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 13 to November 3, are

from Algonquin, Alton, Amboy, Anna, Anti-

och. Anvil Rock, Apple River Canyon State

Park, Barry, Carbondale, Carmi, Cave in

Rock, Champaign, Danville, Decatur, Dixon,

Dixon Springs, Dolson, Dongola, Dubois,



June. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 151

Durnans Mills, Dii Quoin. Evergreen Park,

liilton, (jihsonia, (irand Detour, Grand
1 (nver, (iratton, Hanover. Havana, Homer,
Kankakee. Kinmundy. Loda. Macomb. Mar-
shal!. McHenry, Metropolis, Monmouth,

Mount Carmcl, Oak Lawn, Oakwood,
Oquawka, OranKCville, Oregon, Parker,
Pekin, Pike, Princeton, Pulaski, Putnam,
Quincv, St. Anne, St. Joseph, Savanna, Sey-
mour. Shauneetown, Sheffield, Springfield,

149 C ANTICA ^-<JJ'-^I49B I50B \ / PROOUCTA

Fi^s. liS-\SO.—IJr,ui-iiliicip/iiil<i, male genitalia. .^
,
pygofcr ; li, ventral aspect; C, lateral aspect.



152 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J'oL24,Art.2

Starved Rock ' State Park, Taylorville,

Thomson, Urbaiia, Vienna, Wauconila,

Waukegan, Weldon Springs, White Pines

I'orcst State Park, and Zion.

9. Dniccithicephala antica (Walker)

Trllii/oiiiit (iiitica Walker (ISSla, p. 771).

I^ength of female 9 mm., male 7 mm. In

general appearance resembling rnoHipes but

v\ith vertex more strongly produced and

with distinctive male genitalia. Apex of

vertex bluntly angled, in male slightly longer

than basal width between eyes and as long

as pronotum ; in female decidedly longer

than basal width between eyes and longer

than pronotum. In color similar to mollipes

;

vertex yellow with faint brownish lines, an-

terior portion of pronotum and scutellum

yellow, without markings.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin concavely and roundedly produced

to a median rounded produced apex. Male
plates long, concavely rounded to acute

rounded apexes. Styles, fig. 149, rather

short, apical half of each strongly sloping

inwardly and narrowed to pointed apex

that curves ventrally and slightly out-

wardly; ventroanterior portion of aedea-

gus with a pair of dorsally directed proc-

esses and a pair of ventral caudally directed

spinelike structures that are as long as apex

of aedeagus, divergent at base, converging

near apex, and not bent dorsally; dorso-

posterior portion with a basal pair of dor-

sally directed processes and a ventral por-

tion that is narrow at base, broadened at

middle, then tapered to a pair of blunt

pointed processes at apex, this process elon-

gate and about one-third as wide as long,

i'ygofers as in fig. 135.^.

This species is found abundantly in the

eastern United States.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 4 to September 18, are

from Adair, Albion, Amboy, Apple River
Canyon State Park, Cache, Carbondale,
Cary, Cave in Rock, Champaign, Des
Plaines, Dixon, Dixon Springs, Dolson,
Dongola, Elizabethtown, Fern Cliff, F"ox

I.ake, Fulton, Grand Detour, Grand Tower,
Havana, Herod, Homer, Jonesboro, Kan-
kakee, Karnak, Litchfield, Monticello,
Muncie, Normal, Oakwood, Oquawka,
Pike, Princeton, Pulaski, Rago, St. Joseph,
Taylorville, Thebes, Urbana, Vienna, Villa

Ridge, Volo, Warren, and Wolf Lake.

20. NEOKOLLA Melichar

Ncokulla Melichar (1926, p. 343).

Fig. 31. Head bluntly conical, slightly

sloping, eyes and ledge over antennal sockets

not prominent. Both front and vertex con-

vex, merging without a perceptible margin

separating them. Pronotum broadest at

lateral angles. Elytra covering the tergum

of abdomen.

Most species of Ncokolla are known from

the West or Southwest only. One is

recorded from Quebec only. Two of the

three eastern species are known to occur

in Illinois. The other, a widely distributed

species, may at some time be found in the

southern part of the state.

Kev to Species

Black bars or lines, if present, on posterior
portion of vertex, transverse; scutellum
marked with black 1. hieroglyphica

Black lines on posterior margin of vertex
longitudinal; scutellum faintly marked . .

2. gothica

1. Neokolla hieroglyphica (Say)

Tettiyonia liiernglyphka Say (1831, p. 313).

Length 5.0-6.5 mm. This species varies

in color from pale green and red to mostly

black. The black form has been described

as the variety dolobrata (Ball) (1901, p.

52), but some intergrades appear to connect

the extremes. The lighter colored forms

are blunt headed, stout, greenish through

red to grayish, and with a black spot on

apex of vertex; spot encircled by white;

two divergent lines before middle not meet-

ing at center; ocelli and a circle either side

of disc at base black. Pronotum pale an-

teriorly, darker posteriorly, with light mark-

ings. Elytra slate, nervures darker. The
darker variety is slightly smaller than typi-

cal hieroglyphica, shiny black in color except

for margins of clypcus, genae, a line below

the lateral margin of pronotum, circle

around apex of vertex, line against each

eye, and center of scutellum, which are

white. Central line on vertex and line from

this to either eye white; claval sutures of

elytra light margined.

Female seventh sternite more than twice

as long as sixth sternite; posterior margin

triangularly produced, apex rounded. Male
plates long, triangular.

This is a common willow species, and is

especially abundant along the Illinois and



f. 1948 DeLoxg: Leafhoppers of Illinois 153

Mississippi rivers. The lipht and dark forms

occur tojiether in most collections.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken .March 29 to November 22, are

from Adair. .Alto Pass, Alton, Amhoy, Anna,

Ashley, Barry, Beardstown, Carbondale,

Cave in Rock, Collinsville, Decatur, Dixon
Springs, Dubois, East St. Louis, Eichorn,

Elizabethtown, Fountain Bluiif, Fulton, Gefif,

Grafton, Grand Tower, Greenville, Gol-
conda, Hardin, Havana, Herod, Jonesboro,

Kampsville, Karnak, Litchfield, Luther,

.\Lacomb, ALattoon, McHenry, Meredosia,

Metropolis, Monticello. Neoga, New Colum-
bia, Niota, Normal. Onarga, Oquawka,
Pike, Princeton, Putnam, Quincy, Rockford,

Rock Island, Rosiclare, St. Anne, Seymour,

Shawneetown, Sheftield, Urbana, Vienna,

Watson, West Lnion, White Heath, and

\\'hite Pines Forest State Park.

2. Neokolla gothicd (Signoret)

Tfltiffonia yoth'ua Signoret (1854, p. 345).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Resembling hiero-

glyphica and often confused with it.

Slightly smaller, vertex marked with several

lines, which appear almost parallel. Vertex

slightly conical, margins rounded, reddish

or greenish yellow; apex black, surrounded

by a pale circle; margins of reflexed por-

tions, a line from this to ocellus, and a loop

from the base either side light. Areas within

these lines black. Scutellum light with dark

markings. Elytra dirty green, nervures

light. Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin triangularly produced. ALale plates

long triangular.

This is a very common species in cut-

over areas composed of shrubs and luxuri-

ant growth of herbaceous vegetation. It

is distributed throughout the eastern L'nited

States, and occurs as far west as Kansas
and Texas.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken March 29 to November 27,

are from Aldridge, Alton, Alto Pass, Apple
River Canyon State Park, Ashley, Bluffs,

Champaign, Dixon Springs, Dolson, Don-
gola, Dubois, Elizabethtown, Galena, Grand
Tower, Hardin, Havana, Herod, Mahomet,
Marshall, Metropolis, Muncie, Murphys-
boro, Oakwood, Oliver, Oregon, Palos

Park, Parker, Pike, Pounds, Quincy, Rock
Island, Savanna, Urbana, W^arren, Watson,
White Heath, and White Pines Forest State

Park.

21. SIROVIA China

Sibijiia China (1927, p. 283).

Fig. 1 18. Vertex blunt, with margins
convex from eye to apex. Antennae at

least half as long as body. Head and prono-
tum with a median and two pairs of narrow
diagonal dark stripes.

One species in this genus is recorded tor

the United States.

1. Sihovia occatoria (Say)

Tetliijonia ocialoriti Say (1831, p. 311).
Trlliijonia compla Fowler (1900, p. 271).

Length 6 mm. Long and narrow, yellow,

marked with black longitudinal lines.

N'ertex flat, bluntly angled, as long as basal

width; yellow, a black spot at apex below
the margin; a black stripe arising above and
on either side of this spot and extending

across vertex and pronotum, and a pair of

black stripes inside and parallel to them
meeting on anterior part of pronotum. A
median dark brown line arising at base of

vertex and extending to apex of scutellum.

P'lytra yellow, each marked with three black

stripes on corium and three on clavus; apex

black. Female seventh sternite with pos-

terior margin obtusely rounded. Male plates

short, rather broad, triangular, apexes some-

what produced.

This species occurs on herbaceous vegc-

tr.tion in areas where luxuriant growth is

found. It is known to occur from North
Carolina and Florida to Texas and may
eventually be collected in southern Illinois.

Subfamily EVACANTHINAE

Fhis group is characterized by having the

ocelli just above anterior margin of vertex,

and a median longitudinal carina on the

face and vertex. Another carina extends

from the inner margin of eye to the middle

of anterior margin of vertex.

Only one genus, Evtictinthiis I^e Peletirr

& Serville. belongs in this subfamily.

22. El ACANTHUS Lc Peletier &
Serville

livacanlhus Le Peletier i Serville (1X25, p.

612).

Fig. 30. Head short and broad, vertex

blunt, wider between eyes than median

length, with a central longitudinal keel and

a branch of keel each side from apex to eye.



154 Illinois Natural History Survry Bulletin I ol. 24, Art. 2

Ocelli just above niar};inal keel and proxi-

mal to margin anil not close to eyes. l'"ront

inflated, lon;:itudinally carinate. Elytra

without anteapical cells.

Only two species of the jjenus are known

to occur in North America. One is confined

to certain regions of the southeastern states,

and the other occurs in Canada and across

the northern portions of the United States.

1. Evacanthus acuiiihiatiis (Fabricius)

Cicada acuminata Fabricius (1794, p. 36).

Cicada intcrstincta Fallen (1826, p. 29).

Amhlyci-pluilus ijiTmari Curtis (1833, p. 192).

Efacanlhus orhitalis Fitch (1851, p. 57).

Fig. 151. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. Robust,

with very blunt head and rather short elytra.

Abdomen in female extending beyond apex

Fig. 151.

—

Evacanthus acuminatus: a, adult;

h, nymph. (From Osborn.)

of elytra. Vertex with a median carina and

also a carina extending from apex to either

eye. Pronotum short, pubescent. Face and

venter black. Female mostly testaceous on

vertex and pronotum. Vertex with two
black spots on disc and a row of spots on

anterior portion of pronotum. Scutellum

with two spots on disc. Elytra black or dark

brown, with white stripes. Pubescence

along nervures sparse. Female seventh

sternite truncate or slightly sinuate. Male
plates very long and slender, curved dorsally.

This species has been found on herba-

ceous vegetation in moist woodlands in the

fern association.

Illinois Record.

—

Urbana: June 13,

1889, Hart, 1 3.

Subfamily PENTHIMIINAE

The short ovate body with distinctly de-

pressed vertex and broadly overlapping fore-

wings at the apex characterize members of

this group.

One genus only, I'cntlii/iiia, belongs to

this subfamily.

23. PENTHIMIA Germar

I'nilhimia Germar (1821, pp. 38, 46).

Fig. 152. Short, broad, ovate, well

rounded anteriorly and posteriorly. Vertex

broad, short, broadly rounded. Head, in-

cluding eyes, narrower than pronotum.

Pronotum rather long, distinctly and trans-

versely striate. Body broad, very short,

elytra exceeding abdomen in length ; slightly

more than twice as long as wide, apex of

each clavus truncate, appendix broad.

Lawson (19.^.?) records two species for

the United States. One of them is known
only from Florida. The other occurs in

the northern United States and is distributed

through the East and westward to Colo-

rado.

1. Penthimia americana Fitch

I'enthimia americatia Fitch (1851, p. 57).
I'cnthimia vicaria Walker (1851a, p. 8+1).
Penthimia picta Provancher (1872, p. 352).

Fig. 152. Length 5-6 mm. Short, broadly

oval, in general appearance resembling a

ccrcopid, reddish brown to black in color,

with minute brown spots. Female seventh

sternite slightly notched either side on pos-

terior margin, forming a median lobe. Male
plates broad, triangular.

Fi);. 152.

—

Penthimia americana. ./, head

and pronotum; B, elytron; C, female seventh

sternite ; D, E, male genitalia.



June. I'US DeLonc : Leafhopi'ers oi- Illinois 155

This species is widely distributed but not

abundant and seems to be associated with

shrubs in wooded and cut-over areas. It

has frequently been taken from oak.

Illinois Records.

—

Dubois: .Mav 21,

1917, 16 ; Au^'. 10, 1917, 4 <J . Mahomet:
lune .?0, 1912, 19. Meredosia: Mav 29.

1917, 1 nymph. Muncie: May 27, 1905,

19. Northern Illinois: June, 12.
Orecon: June 21, 1917, 19. Savanna:
June 11. 1917, 1 9 ; June 12, 1917, IS.
Urhana: in woods. Mav 7. 1888. 1 9 ; .Mav

27. 1890, Hart. 1 ?.

Subfamily GYPONINAE

The members of this group are elungate,

dorsoventrally flattened, and with ocelli

on disc of vertex. Hind wings each with

four apical cells.

This subfamily was monographed by De-

Long (1942). Representatives of 5 of the

II genera now recognized as belonging to

this subfamily occur in Illinois. The other

'jenera are chieHv southwestern.

CYPONA
MCLANOTA

Fig. 153.—(Jyponinae. -•/, lateral view ui

aedeagu> : B, veuiral view of aedeagus; C,

style; D, female seventh sternite ; E, head.

Key to Genera
1. Klytra with numerous reticulate veins, at

least on apical portions 2
Hytra without numerous reticulate veins

, 3
2. Klytra rugose or roughened, often with

white mottling; vertex and pronotum
usually rugose 26. Rugosana

Klytra with venation often prominent but
not rugose or roughened; vertex and
|>ronorum never rugose

, 25. Gyponana
3. Vertex angled with front, margin thin,

sharp, or foliaceous 4
.Margin of vertex thick, not foliaceous

28. Ponana
4. Dorsal surface dull; head and pronotum

peppered with small brown dots; vertex
with three longitudinal furrows, the
ocelli situated at an angle on the lateral

ones; cells of elytra margined with small
dots 27. Prairiana

Dorsal surface shiny and uniformly
colored, or with head, pronotum, and
scutellum darker than elytra; vertex
without three distinct longitudinal fur-
rows 24. Gypona

24. GYPONA Germar

Oypona Germar (1821, p. 73).

Pronotum broader than vertex, and to-

gether usually sloping from posterior mar-
gin of pronotum to anterior margin of ver-

tex, the latter with margin thin and folia-

ceous. Venation of elytra simple. The spe-

cies of the genus frequently exhibit sexual

dimorphism in size and color. Each of the

females and the males, when light in color,

usually has a round black dot on the prono-

tum behind each eye. The males are often

black and the spots are obscured. The male

styles are usually broadened on apical por-

tions and truncate.

Eight species of this genus are recorded

for the United States. One is known to

occur in Illinois; the others are western or

southwestern in distribution.

1. Gypona meltniota Spangberg

Gypona melanota Spangberg (1878/;, p. 19).

Gypiina dorsalis Spangberg (1878/;, p. 30).

Gypnna hipunitiilala Woodworth (1887, p.

30).

Gypona niyra Woodworth (1887, p. 31).

Fig. 153. Length of male 9.0 mm., female

11.5 mm. Hroadly rounded vertex; se.xual

dimorphic C(doration. X'ertex twice as broad

between eyes as median length. Pronotum

much wider than vertex and more than

twice as long. Female yellowish, with a

small conspicuous black spot on each side



156 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J' ol. 24, Art. 2

of outer disc of pronotum; elytra often

greenish or appearing smoky. Male par-

tially or entirely shiny black'. The spots

on pronotum conspicuous unless the entire

pronotum is black.

Female seventh sternite broadly, angu-

larly e.xcavated from the produced lateral

angles to form a rather broad shallow

notch. Each male style somewhat narrowed

between middle and broadened apical por-

tion, which is broadly truncate on outer

margin toward apex and rounded to apex

on inner margin. Aedeagus broad, con-

stricted before apex and produced and

broadened to form an apical flap; just before

the constriction a pair of lateral processes

arise and extend basally for one-third the

length of the body of the aedeagus.

This species is distributed from the New
England states west to Colorado and Idaho.

It occurs on low shrubs in cut-over areas

and in open woodland.

Illinois Records.

—

Champaign : July 27,

1892, Hucke, 19. Oak Lawn: July 27,

19,U, DeLong & Ross, 3 c5 , 49 ; Sept. 6,

1935, Prison, 19. S.woy: July 18, 1889,

Hart, M. Sum.mit: Aug. 21, 1935, De-
Long & Ross, 1 9 . ToLONo: July 25, 1895,

U.

25. GYPONANA Ball

Gyponana Ball (1920, p. 84).

Closely related to Gypona. Vertex broad,

flattened, and with the margin foliaceous

and acutely angled with front. Pronotum
broad, transverse, striated. Elytra rather

long and narrow, with many irregular

reticulations, especially on the apical por-

tions.

Nearly 70 species of Gyponana have been

recorded for the United States; of these,

19 species and a variety are known to occur

in Illinois. With few exceptions they are

similar in appearance. The males may be

distinguished by characters of the internal !

genitalia, but no satisfactory characters have

been found for separating the females.

SCRUPOLOSA OCTOUNEATA OCTOUNEATA

Figs. 154-160.—Gyponana, male genitalia. A, ventral aspect of aedeagus; B, lateral aspect

of aedeagus; C, style.



June. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 157

Figs. 161-173.

—

Gypnnanii, male genitalia. A, ventral aspect of aeiieagus; B, lateral aspect
of aedeagus; C, style.



158 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Jol. 24. Art. 2

Kev to Species

1. Males 2

Females ,21

2. Aedeagus with rather short terminal

processes, the apical halves of which are

curved, twisted, or looped upon them-

selves as in figs. 157, 158 3

Aedeagus with terminal processes of vari-

ous lengths, but usually not twisted or

looped upon themselves, as in figs. 155,

165 ''

3. .Apical portion of each style, fig. 157C,

heyond the heel or spine rather narrow,

almost parallel margined and curved

anteriorly 17. scrupulosa
.Apical portion of each style beyond the

heel or spine broader and more gradually

tapered to apex, as in figs. 158C, 159C. .

4

4. Apical portion of each style, fig. 158C,

appearing concave on both anterior

and posterior portions beyond heel or

spine 20. angula
Apical portion of each style appearing con-

cave on anterior margin only, as in figs.

159C, 160C. ^ . _. . r 5

5. .Anterior margin of apex of each style,

fig. 159C, slightly concave
18. octolineata

Anterior margin more strongly concave,

fig. 160C
19. octolineata var. serpenta

6. Terminal processes of aedeagus one-

fourth or less the length of shaft, as

in fig. 165.y
_.

7

'I'erminal processes of aedeagus longer,

one-third or more the length of aedeagus
shaft, as in fig. 155. V 11

7. Terminal aedeagus processes less than
one-fifth the length of shaft 8

Terminal aedeagus processes about one-

fourth the length of shaft 9

8. Kach style, fig. 165C, slightly concave be-

tween spine and apex, the apex sharply
pointed 5. brevita

P^ach style, fig. 166C, not concave between
spine and apex, the apex more bluntly
pointed 6. orientala

9. Apical portion of each style, fig. 171 C,
broad at spine, tapered to one-third
its width at apex 8. conspira

Apical portion of each style with blunt
rounded apex, less strongly tapered to

apex 10
10. Apical portion of each style, fig. 163C,

concavely curved anteriorly, convexly
curved posteriorly between spine and
apex 3. brevihama

Apical portion of each style, fig. 162C,
almost straight on anterior and posterior
margins between spine and apex

2. conferta
11. Terminal aedeagus processes extending

laterally, then curved at right angles and
extending basally, as in fig. 155.V. ... 12

Terminal aedeagus processes curving basal-
ly from shaft, as in fig. 154./ 13

12. Aedeagus shaft, fig. 155./, broadened
where terminal processes arise a short
distance from apex; apical portion of

style, fig. 155C, narrow and curved . . .

15. extenda
Aedeagus shaft, fig. 156./, not widened at

point where terminal processes arise;

apical portion ot each style, fig. 156C,
straight and narrow 16. protenta

13. .Apex of aedeagus, fig. 154./, decidedly
widened and broadly rounded

14. expanda
.Apex of aedeagus not strongly widened. . .

14

14. .Apex of each style bent caudally, fig. 167C
11. amara

Apex of each style not bent caudally. .15

15. .Apical portion of each style narrow, as in

fig. 169C, appearing almost parallel

margined just before apex 16

Apical portion of each style sloping from
spine to apex, not appearing parallel

margined, as in figs. 172C, 173C 20
16. Aedeagus shaft broad throughout, fig.

169./, posterior margin of apical portion

of each style concave, fig. 169C
9. panda

.Aedeagus shaft more slender; posterior

margin of apical portion of each style

not concave 17

17. Processes of aedeagus more than half as

long as aedeagus shaft, as in figs. 161.-/,

170./ ~ ".

18

Processes of aedeagus less than half as

long as aedeagus shaft 19

18. .Apical portion of each style, fig. 161C,

narrow, gradually tapered to a blunt

apex; tooth on ventral margin not prom
inent 1. vincula

Apical portion of each style, fig. 170,

narrow, almost parallel margined, apex

rounded; pointed prominent tooth on
ventral margin about one-fourth the

distance from the apex 10. tenella

19. .Aedeagus shaft, fig. 168, narrow, terminal

processes convexly curved away from

shaft; apical portion of each style, fig.

168, short, straight on posterior margin
7. flavilineata

.Aedeagus shaft, fig. 164, broad at base,

narrowed toward apex, terminal proces-

ses more concavely curved and closer

to shaft; apical portion of each style

longer, slightly and convexly rounded
posteriorly 4. ortha

20. .Aedeagus shaft, fig. 172, narrowed just

before point of origin of terminal proc-

esses; apical portion of each style ta-

pered to blunt apex 12. tubera
Aedeagus shaft, fig. 173, not narrowed

anterior to terminal processes; apical

portion of each style narrowed to a

sharper pointed apex 13. turbina
21. Vertex about two-thirds as long at middle

as basal width between the eyes

7. flavilineata, 8. conspira, 9.

panda, 12. tubera, 13. turbina, 15.

extenda, 18. octolineata, 20. angula
Vertex shorter, about one-half as long at

middle as basal width between the eyes

2. confer-

ta, 3. brevihama, 4. ortha, 5. brevi-

ta, 11. amara, 13. turbina, 16. pro-

tenta, 17. scrupulosa, 19. serpenta



June, 1948, DeLono: Leafhoi'I'ers of Illinois 159

1. GypoiuiiKi z'iiiciila DcLoiig

Gyl>onana viticulu DeLoiig (1942, p. 47).

Length 8-10 mm. Resembling (jctoliiuata

in form and general appearance, but male
with distinctive genitalia. V^ertex roundedlv
produced, not quite twice as wide as median
length. Pale yellow, mottled with orange.

Each male style, fig. 1616', with apical thin!

slender, curved gradually dorsally and about

uniform in width throughout except for a

pointed tooth on ventral margin about one-

fifth the distance from the blunt rounded
apex. Aedeagus, fig. 161^, tapered toward
apex with a pair of long slender apical proc-

esses arising just before apex and extend-

ing more than two-thirds the distance to-

ward base of aedeagus body.

The species is distributed from Connecti-

cut and Pennsylvania west to Utah and
1 cxas.

Illinois Records.

—

Ch.amp.mgn : Sept.

.^0, 1892, Snow, 19. Long Lake: U.
Quincy: Aug. 8, 1889, Hart, 1 9. Spring-
field: July 6, 1885, \i. Urbana: sweep-
ing in forest, June 27, 1889, Hart, 1 9 ;

Sept. .?, 1890, Hart & Shiga, 1 9 ; Sept.

27, 1892, Snow, 1 9 ; Oct. 17, 1892, Snow &
Marten, 1 9 .

2. Gyponana conferta DeLong

Gyponanii conferta DeLong (1942, p. 24).

Length 8.5-12.0 mm. Resembling hrcvi-

hatna but with vertex more broadly rounded
and each style of male more narrowed on

apical fifth. \^ertex more than one-half as

long at middle as width between eyes. Yel-

lowish, with pruinose coloration on elytra.

Male aedeagus, fig. 162, with a pair of

short terminal processes that are directed

basally and slightly laterally. Each style,

fig. 1626', with a sharp pointed tooth pro-

duced on outer margin at about one-fifth

the distance from apex; apical portion be-

yond tooth bent upward and gradually

tapered to a rather bluntly rounded tip.

This species is known from only Illinois

and Texas, but possibly is more widely dis-

tributed.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 1,? to November 12, are

from Belvidere, Champaign, Eichorn, Eliza-

hcthtown, Cjolconda, Mahomet, Oakwood.
Palos Park. Rock Island, St. Joseph, Sey-

mour, Urbana, Western Springs, and Zion.

3. GypoiKitui hrevihama DeLong

Gyponiiita hrevihama DeLong (1942, p. 24).

Length 9.5 mm. Resembling octulineata
in form and general appearance but male
with distinctive genitalia. Vertex rather
strongly and roundedly produced, about
t«o-thirds as long as wide. Yellowish, with
eight orange longitudinal lines on vertex,
pronotum, and scutellum. F;ach male style,
tig. 16.56', with broad apical portion about
twice as long as broad and slightly tapered
to blunt rounded apex. Aedeagus, fig. 163//,

with a pair of short slightly curved lateral

processes that are directed basally; they are
about one-fourth as long as the straight
ventral portion of the aedeagus body be-
yond the curved base.

This species has been taken previously
in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Mississippi.

Illinois Record.

—

Havana: Devil's
Rock, June 22, 1926, Frison & Hayes, 4i .

4. Gyponana ortfta DeLong

Gyponana ortlia DeLong (1942, p. 25).

Length 9.5-10.5 mm. Resembling octn-

lineata in form and appearance, but male
with distinctive genitalia. Vertex strongly

produced and appearing narrow, about two-
thirds as wide as long. Yellowish; longi-

tudinal lines on vertex and pronotum dis-

tinct, but rather faint. Each male style, fig.

1646', with apical third gradually curved
dorsally; apical fourth abruptly bent and
gradually narrowed to a bluntly curved
apex. Aedeagus, fig. XbAA , with a pair of

rather short apical lateral processes that

are about one-fourth the length of the ven-

tral bodv of the aedeagus and are directed

b;.sally.

This species is widely distributed from
Maryland west to Wisconsin and Kansas.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 5 to October .?, are from Clay-

ton, Des Plaines, Fox Lake, Cirantsburg,

Hardin, Jacksonville, Quincy, Reynolds-

viUe, Springfield, Urbana, Villa Ridge,

White Heath, and Wilmington.

5. Gyponana hrevita DeLong

Gyponana brevila DeLong (1942, p. 27).

Length 9.5 mm. Resembling ortulineala

ill form and appearance, with male genitalia

distinctive. Vertex rather broadly rounded,



160 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2I
twice as wide as long. Yellowish, with pale

irregular longitudinal stripes on the vertex,

pronotum, and scutellum. Each male style,

tig. 1656', gradually narrowed on apical

sixth on ventral margin to a pointed apex.

Aedeagus, fig. \6'5A, with a pair of lateral

processes arising just before apex and ex-

tending laterally and then curved basally

;

processes about one-sixth the length of the

ventral body of the aedeagus.

This species is known only from Illinois,

Wisconsin, and Tennessee.

Illinois Records.

—

Macomb: in pasture,

July i, 1934, DeLong & Ross, U , 1 ?

paratype. Savanna: July 19, 1892, Hart,

Shiga, Forbes, & McElfresh, \$ paratype;

July 27, 1892, Hart, Shiga, Forbes, & Mc-
Elfresh, 1 <J paratype.

6. Gyponana orientala DeLong

Gyponana orientala DeLong (1942, p. 26).

Length 10 mm. Resembling octolineata

in color and general appearance, but male

with distinctive genital structures. Vertex

rather short and broad, almost twice as wide

as long. Pale yellow, faintly marked ^^'ith

longitudinal orange bands on vertex, prono-

tum, and scutellum. Each male style, fig.

166C, with apical sixth gradually narrowed

on ventral margin to a bluntly pointed apex.

Aedeagus, fig. 166, with a pair of short

lateral processes that arise just before apex,

extend laterally and then curve basally.

This species has been collected in a few

localities in the eastern United States and

in Texas.

Illinois Records.

—

Galena: July 10,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 <? . MoNTicELLO:

June 11, 1934, Frison & DeLong, 3^.
White Heath: July 5, 1916, 2$.

7. Gyponana flavilineata (Fitch)

Gypona fta-vilittcata Fitch (1851, p. 57).

Length 9.5-11.0 mm. Resembling octo-

lineata in form and appearance. Vertex

narrow, rather strongly produced and

rounded, two-thirds as long as wide. Yel-

low; vertex, pronotum, and scutellum

marked with orange-yellow longitudinal

bands. Each male style, fig. \b8C, with the

apical third representing a foot with the

bottom flat; heel abruptly bent on the ven-

tral side, the dorsal margin curved and

narrowed to the apex, which is curved to

outer margin. Aedeagus, fig. 168, narrowed

to apex, where a pair of lateral curved

processes extend laterally and then basally

for more than one-fourth the distance to

base.

This species ranges from Florida to

Maryland and west to Utah and Texas.

Illinois Records.—Many males and

females, taken June 5 to October 10, are

from Albion, Apple River Canyon State

Park, Beardstown, Byron, Cairo, Cham-
paign, Danville, Eichorn, Geff, Gulf_port,

Havana, Harrisburg, Herod, Homaii,

Kampsville, Kankakee, Le Roy, Lima, Mo-
mence, Monticello, Mount Carmel, Mowea-
qua, Norris City, Olive Branch, Omaha,
Shawneetown, Siegel, Springfield, Urbana,

Vandalia, Vienna, and White Pines Forest

State Park.

8. Gyponana conspira DeLong

Gyponana conspira DeLong (1942, p. 31).

Length 9.5-11.0 mm. Resembling flain-

iuieata in general form and appearance, but

with distinctive genitalia. Vertex roundedly

produced, almost two-thirds as long at mid-

dle as basal width between the eyes. Pale

yellowish; vertex, pronotum, and scutellum

marked with longitudinal orange bands.

Elytra yellowish subhyaline. Each male

style, fig. 171C, slightly bent to form apical

fourth, which is slightly widened on inner

margin and then tapered to a bluntly

rounded apex. Aedeagus, fig. 171, long,

slender, with a pair of short lateral proc-

esses arising just before apex and extend-

ing basally one-fourth the length of the

body of the aedeagus.

This species was described from Maine,

Maryland, New- York, and Illinois.

Illinois Record.

—

Urbana: June 30,

1891, Mitchell, \$.

9. Gyponana panda DeLong

Gyponana panda DeLong (1942, p. 32).

Length 9.5-10.0 mm. Resembling ftavi-

lirieata in form and general appearance, but

male with distinctive genitalia. Vertex nar-

row, strongly produced, rounded at apex,

two-thirds as long as wide. Pale, marked

with orange longitudinal bands on vertex,

pronotum, and scutellum. Each male style,

fig. 169C, with apical fifth bent abruptly

dorsad, outer margin concavely curved to

*i



J,,,,,-, 194S DeLonc. : Leafhoppers of Illinois 161

form an almost parallel-marj;ineil narrow
finjier-like process, which is curved caudad

and is bluntly rounded at apex. Aedeagus,

fig. Ib9. rather short and broad, with a pair

of short appressed lateral processes arising

just before apex and extending basally about

one-third the length of the body of the

aedeagus.

A widely distributed species in the Middle
\\ est and South, paiuta is also found in

( )regon.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 12 to November 15, are

from Alton, Cobden, Dolson, Grand Tower,
Havana, Homer, Kirkwood, Normal, N or-

ris City, Oakwood, Oregon, Pike, Prince-

ton, Quincy, Ripley, Savanna, Shawnee-

town, Sherm.in, Temple Hill, L rbana, and

Watson.

10. Gyponana teiielhi (Spangberg)

Gypona ti'nella Spangberg (1878//, p. 34).

Length 7-8 mm. Small, with a broadly

rounded vertex. Vertex short, twice as wide

as median length. General color pale green

;

vertex, pronotum, and scutellum marked
with orange longitudinal bands. Veins of

elytra inconspicuous. Each male style, tig.

170, narrowed on apical third, then curved

dorsally with a pointed tooth on ventral

margin about one-fourth the distance from

the apex; gradually narrow-ed from this

tooth to form a rather long narrow process,

which is blunt and rounded at apex. Aedea-

]

gus rather narrow, with a pair of lateral

I processes arising just before apex; proc-

esses curved laterally and extended basally

almost to base of ventral body of aedeagus.

This species has been previously recorded

from the southeastern states only.

Illinois Record.

—

Grand Towkr: lulv

12, 1909, \i.

11. Gyponana amara DeLong

Gyponana amara DeLong (1942, p, 32).

Length 9.0-9.5 mm. Resembling octoliii-

eata in general appearance but with more
produced vertex and with distinctive male

genitalia. Vertex strongly and rather angu-

larly produced, with apex rounded ; more
than half as long at middle as basal width

between eyes. Pale yellow, conspicuously

marked with bright orange longitudinal

stripes on vertex, pronotum, and scutellum.

Elytra pale with darker veins. Each male
style, fig. 157, with outer margin curved
slightly outwardly on apical portion, tip

curved caudally, angularly widened on inner

margin about one-sixth the distance from
apex and then tapered to upturned blunt

tip. Aedeagus narrowed toward apex, with

a pair of rather short lateral processes aris-

ing just before apex and extending basally

about one-third the length of body of aedea-

gus.

This species was describeil from Illinois,

Missouri, and Ohio.

Illinois Records.

—

Antioch : Aug. 24,

19.?5, DeLong & Ross, 2^,2$ paratypes.

Atl.as: July 28, 1936, Mohr & Burks, 1 9
paratype. Chicago: Aug. 21-24, 1901,

Titus, 1 (5 . Herod: June 24, 19J6, DeLong
& Ross, 19 paratype. Muncie: cattail

bog, Sept. 10, 19.56, Burks, 1 i paratype.

Shawneetown: June 27, 19.?6, DeLong &
Mohr, ii, 99 paratypes. Sprix(;fiei.d:

July 2, 1885, 1<5. Urbana: Oct. 11, 1938,

Riegel, 1 (5 paratype.

12. Gyponana tiihera DeLong

Gyponana tuliera DeLong (1942, p. 33).

Length 9.5-10.5 mm. Resembling flaii'i-

liiuata in form and general appearance but

with distinctive genitalia. Vertex roundedly

produced, less than two-thirds as long at

middle as width between the eyes. Pale

yellow, marked with faint orange longitu-

dinal bands on vertex, pronotum, and scutel-

lum. Each male style, fig. 172, bent dorsally

and caudad. and narrowed at one-fifth the

distance from apex, gradually narrowed to

rounded blunt apex. Aedeagus with a pair

of lateral processes arising just before

bluntly pointed apex, curved laterally and

basally about one-third the distance to base;

aedeagus body is constricted Just basad to

point of origin of the apical lateral proc-

esses.

This species is found in the eastern L nitcd

States and is distributed west to Tennessee

and South Dakota. In Illinois it is known

from only the southern half.

Illinois Records.

—

Danville: July 30.

1917, M paratype. Herod: Aug. 4, 1934,

DeLong & Mohr, 19; July 8-11, 1935,

DeLong & Ross. 1 i ; June 20, 1938, De-

Long & Ross, 19. Makanda: Aug. 20,

1891, French, 1 i . Rosicl.^re: July 5, 1935,

Erison & Mohr, 1 i .



162 Illinois Natural History Sur\ey Bulletin [ol. 24, Art. 2

13. Gyponana turbina DcLong

Gyponana turbina DeLong (19+2, p. 37).

Length 9.5-11.0 mm. Resembling fluvi-

liiieata in form and appearance but with

distinctive male genitalia. Vertex broadly

rounded, produced at middle, almost twice

as wide as long. Green, vertex mottled

with orange yellow. Each male style, fig.

17.^, curved slightly dorsad, with a broad

short tooth on ventral margin about one-

sixth the distance from the apex, the style

gradually narrowed from this tooth to a

pointed apex. Aedeagus narrowed apically,

with a pair of lateral processes arising just

before apex; processes curving basally and

extending along body of aedeagus one-third

the distance to the base.

This species is widely distributed from

the East Coast west to Texas and Utah.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May 23 to September 20, are from

Champaign, Cornfield, Dixon Springs, Ful-

ton, Herod, Meredosia, Muncie, Sugar

Grove, Urbana, Volo, and White Pines

Forest State Park.

14. Gyponana expanda DeLong

Gyponana expanda DeLong (1942, p. 38).

Length 10.5 mm. Resembling octolineata

in form and appearance but with head more
produced and with distinctive male genitalia.

Vertex produced and rather broadly

rounded, almost two-thirds as long as basal

width between the eyes; margin thin and

slightly curved upwards. Pale, almost white,

with orange longitudinal bands on vertex,

pronotum, and scutcllum. Elytra with green

veins. Each male style, fig. 154, curved

dorsally on apical sixth, where a short

pointed tooth arises on ventral margin; be-

yond this the apical portion is gradually

tapered to a bluntly pointed apex. Aedeagus
constricted at middle, decidedly enlarged

and broadly rounded at apex; a pair of

lateral processes arising at apex, curving

laterally, and then extending basally about

one-third the distance to the base of aedea-

gus body.

This species is known only from Illinois,

Alissouri, and Ohio.

Illinois Records.

—

Dixon Springs: June
24, 19,^6, DeLong & Ross, M, 5 9 para-

types. Homer Park: July 19, 1924, Frison,

2 3 paratypes; at light, July 11, 1927, Fri-

son & Glasgow, 1 $ paratype.

15. Gyponana extenda DeLong

Gyponana extenda DeLong (1942, p. 39).

Length 10-12 mm. Resembling flavilint-

ata in form and general appearance but

with distinctive male genitalia. Vertex

strongly produced, apex rounded, almost

three-fourths as long as wide. Pale yellow,

marked with faint longitudinal orange bands

on vertex, pronotum, and scutellum. Each

male style, fig. 155, strongly curved dorsally

on apical third, and bearing a short tooth

on the ventral margin about one-sixth the

distance from apex; beyond tooth, style nar-

row and almost parallel margined to blunt

apex. Aedeagus constricted near middle .:n<l

.nlarged at apex; a pair of lateral processes

arising a short distance before produced

rounded apex, extending laterally, and then

curving basally to a point about one-tliird

the distance to the base.

This species is widely distributed over

the eastern United States.

Illinois Records.

—

Apple River Can-
yon State Park: July II, I9.H, DeLong
&^ Ross, I (i , 3 9 paratypes. Dolson : Rocky

Branch, July 18, 1934,'DeLong & Ross, 1 i ,

2 9 paratypes. La Grange: Aug. 23, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 2 <? , I 9 paratypes. Oak-
wood: Aug. 17, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 $

paratype. Thebes: July 29, 1909, 1 i para-

type; on cane, July 11, 1935, DeLong &
Ross, 1 <J paratype.

16. Gyponana protenta DeLong

Gyponana protenta DeLong (1942, p. 41).

Length 9.5 mm. In general appearance

resembling acia DeLong, but with vertex

more strongly produced and with style long

and narrow. Vertex roundcdly produced,

more than half as long at middle as basal

width between eyes. Pronotum a little

longer than vertex. Yellowish, vertex and

pronotum with longitudinal orange bands.

Elytra subhyaline, tinged with orange. Each \

style, fig. 156, with apical half gradually

tapered to narrow rounded apex ; outer

margin angled one-fifth the distance from

apex and bent upward; apical fifth narrow

and fingerlike. Aedeagus with a pair of

lateral terminal processes that extend later-

ally for a short distance, then curve and

extend basally almost half the distance to

base; they are tapered to fine pointed tips.

This species is known from Illinois and

Ohio only.



Juii, . I'US DeLong : Leafiioim'hrs of li 163

Illinois Records.

—

(jRafton: along

river, June 2b, 19,?4, UeLong & Ross, 1 <J ,

29. Justice: July 2.\ 19.^7, Molir &
Burks, 1 i paratype. Marshall: Sept. 27,

ly.U, .^9. Urbana: June 21, 19J6, Burks,

1 9 paratype; June 24^25, 19.^6, Riegel, 2i
paratypes; Sept. 8, 19.?8, Riegel, 1 i para-

type; Sept. 10, 19.?8, Riegel \i paratype;

Sept. 14, 19,(8, Riegel, 1 i paratype. White
Pines I-'orest State Park: Aug. 1,?-14,

19,?7, Ross & Burks, 1 i paratype.

17. (iypotiami scrupiilosa (Spangberg)

Gypnna .urupulosa Spangberg (1878A, p. 9).

Length 9.0-9.75 mm. "Yellowish, closely

related to octoliiuatii. Vertex rather short

anil broadly rounded, almost twice as wide
as long, without definite markings. F^:ich

male style, fig. 157, with apical third rather

broad to ventral tooth on basal portion;

beyond this the apical one-sixth of style is

narrow, produced dorsally, and curved an-

teriorly to a bluntly pointed apex. Aedeagus
with a pair of short lateral processes arising

just before apex and recurved inwardly.

This is a widely distributed and common
eastern species ranging west to Wisconsin

and Texas.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 20 to October .?, are from Algon-

i|uin, Alto Pass, Anna, Anvil Rock, Bluf?s,

Borton, Cave in Rock, Champaign, Clay

City, Dubois, Du Quoin, East St. Louis,

Llizabeth, Elizabethtown, Mason City,

.Metropolis, Normal, Pulaski, Putnam,
I rb.uia. Warren, and Waukegan.

18. Gypoiuiiiii iictiilineatii (Say)

Tflliyonia oclotineata Say (1825, p. 340).
Gypiina geminalu Osborn (1905/->, p. 513).

Length 9-10 mm. Greenish to pale yel-

low, with eight reddish longitudinal lines

on vertex and pronotum. Vertex produced

and broadly rounded, about two-thirds as

long at middle as basal width between eyes.

Each male style, fig. 159, with apical one-

sixth gradually narrowed from ventral tooth

to a blunt apex; the caudal margin is

straight and the apical portion does not

curve anteriorly. Aedeagus with a pair of

short lateral processes that arise just before

apex and extend laterally, their apexes re-

curved.

Ibis species occurs in the eastern United

States.

Illinois Records.

—

Piiillii'stovvn : June
24, 19,(0, DeLong & Ross, 2d. Urbana:
June 21, 19.?b, B. D. Burks, 1 i ; light trap,

Sept. 5-9, 1938, (J. T. Riegel, 3 d , 2 9 .

19. Gypoiiaiia octolineata var. serpcnta

DeLong

Gyponiina uilolineata var. scrpinta OcLotig
(1942, p. 53).

Length 9-1 1 mm. Similar to octoliiicnta

ill form and appearance but each style with
a slightly curved apical portion. Vertex
strongly produced, broadly rounded, a little

more than half as long at middle as basal

width between eyes. Pale yellow, vertex,

pronotum, and scutellum marked with
longitudinal orange hands. Each male style,

fig. 160, with apical sixth gradually con-

stricted to blunt apex and slightly curved
anteriorly. Aedeagus rather broad, with a

pair of short lateral processes that are

curved strongly on apical portions.

A widely distributed and common variety

in the eastern states, serpenta ranges west
to Wyoming.

Illinois Records.—.Males and females,

taken June 11 to October 13, are from
Alto Pass, Anna, Carbondale, Cave in Ruck,

Dongola, Dubois, Gibsonia, Kampsville,

Long Lake, Oquawka, St. Anne, Sparta,

Springfield, L'rbana, Volo, Waukegan, and

Woodworth.

20. Gyponanii iingulti DeLong

Gypunana anijula DeLong (1942, p. 54).

Length 9-10 mm. Resembling octolineutci

in form and general appearance, male geni-

talia distinctive. Vertex roundedly pro-

duced, about two-thirds as long as wide.

Yellowish, mottled with orange on vertex,

pronotum, and scutellum, longitudinal bands

usually distinct. Elytra often tinged with

orange, veins pale green. Each male style,

(ig. 158, with apical sixth narrowed beyond

ventral pointed tooth to form a narrow con-

stricted portion just before a slightly en-

larged rounded blunt apex. Aedeagus with

a pair of short basallv directed .huI apically

curved processes.

This species is found in the eastern states

and west as far as Texas. It is very rare in

Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Metropolis: Aug. 19,

1916, \i paratype. Omaha: June 23, 1936,

DeLong & Ross, 2 i .



104 Illinois Natural History SuRvii\- Bulletin I ul. 24, Art. 2

26. RUGOSANA DeLong

Riujosiiini DeLong (19+2, p. 64).

Related to and similar to Gyponana but

with elytra rugose or roughened. Usually

the vertex and pronotum are rugose also.

The members of this genus may be dis-

tinguished from those of genera having a

strong venation, in which the veins appear

embossed. The rugose character in this

genus is not caused by the condition of the

veins, but by the venation of irregular reticu-

lation which may tend to cause it to be

more conspicuous. The vertex is flattened,

depressed, and is strongly foliaceous. The

pronotum bears a large round black spot

about the middle behind each eye. The elytra

are often so colored as to appear with many

crossveins; apical portion has numerous

crossveins.

This is a small genus of nine species,

which are found chiefly in the Southwest,

but the genus contains one widespread

species that has been taken in Illinois.

1. Rugosana guerci DeLong

Riujosana querci DeLong (1942, p. 69).

Pig. 153. Length 9-10 mm. Resembling

riigosa (Spangberg) (1878i, p. 6), but

with distinctive genitalia. Vertex produced

and rather broadly rounded, almost twice

as wide as long. Pale yellow, with traces

of longitudinal orange bands on vertex,

pronotum, and scutellum. Pronotum with

a conspicuous round black spot on each side

of outer margin of disc. Elytra pale, mot-

tled with brownish yellow, causing a rugose

appearance.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 153, almost

truncate on posterior margin, median third

abruptly excavated one-half the distance to

the base, the excavation bearing a broad

blunt rounded tooth slightly notched at mid-

dle and produced about one-third the depth

of the excavation. Each male style, fig. 153,

with basal third narrow and constricted at

two-thirds its length, thus forming two
convexly rounded ventral lobes, the apical

one of which is serrate and extends to the

broad bluntly rounded apex. Aedeagus, fig.

153, with an abruptly narrowed, prolonged,

finger-like apical process at the base of

which on either side arises a long slender

process; each process crosses the one from
the opposite side and extends apically the

length of the body of the aedeagus.

A widely distributed eastern species,

querci occurs as far west as Utah and Ari-

zona. It is a common species on oak in the

eastern and southern states.

Illinois Records:

—

Algonquin: Aug.

25, 1897, 19 paratype. Ashley: Aug. 7,

1871, 1 S paratype. Dolson : Rocky Branch,

July 18, 1934, DeLong & Ross,- 1 9 paratype.

Dubois: Aug. 8, 1917, 2^,5$ paratypes.

Havana: Aug. 20, 1917, 19 paratype.

Meredosia: Aug. 19, 1917, 5 <J , 119 para-

types. Savanna: July 27, 1892, McElfresh,

Shiga, Forbes, & Hart, 1 9 paratype.

27. PRAIRIANA Ball

Prairiana Ball (1920, p. 90).

Related to and similar to Rugosana, but

with eyes small and widely separated.

Usually decidedly flattened and some shade

of brown or black. Pronotum broad, flat,

lateral margins almost straight. Vertex

about as wide as pronotum, often elongate,

and with thin foliaceous anterior margin.

Elytra often shorter than abdomen. Ocelli

on disc usually a little nearer median line

than eyes.

Fifteen species and several varieties have

been recorded for the United States. Two
species and one variety are known to occur

in Illinois.

Kev to Species «
Length more than 8 mm.; vertex broadly

and angularly produced, apex rounded, more
than two-thirds as long at middle as basal

width between eyes 2. kansana
Length about 7 mm.; vertex more broadly

rounded, slightly more than half as long as

wide 1. cinerea

1. Prairiana cinerea (Uhler)

Gypona cinerea Uhler (1877, p. 460).

Length 7-9 mm. Small, with a broadly

rounded head. Vertex broadly rounded and

produced, about one-third wider than long.

Pale brown, with dark brown punctures.

Vertex with a black spot each side on base

of vertex half way between eye and median

line. A spot on anterior portion of prono-

tum behind each spot on vertex. Veins of

elytra margined with dark brown punctures

and with scattered brownish spots. Female

seventh sternite concavely rounded on pos-

terior margin either side of a slightly pro-

duced median rounded lobe. Each male

style gradually tapered on apical half to a



Jum. 194S DeLong: Leafhoi'I'Ers of Illinois 165

rather blunt slightly broadened apex.

Aedeagus with dorsal portion deeply and

concavely excavated on dorsal surface just

before apex, which is produced to form
long, dorsally curved, pointed processes;

ventral portion curved back upon itself so

that the apex is in the concavity of the dor-

sal portion.

This is a \\idespread miildle western

species found as far west as Colorado ,ind

Montana.

Illinois Record.—C'hic.vgo: (Cjlen-

view), June 5, 1912, 1 d .

2. Piahiiinii l.tiiistinti Ball

I'liiiJiiua (itifiid var. iuiiisiiiiii Hall (1920.

p. 91).

Length 9 mm. Broad, with a broad al-

most angularly produced vertex. Vertex

about two-thirds as long at middle as basal

width between eyes. Pale brown, vertex

and pronotum heavily marked with brown-
ish punctures. Veins of elytra faintly marked
with brown. Female seventh sternite u ith

produced lateral angles, between which the

posterior margin is concavely excavated on

either side of a median lobe; lobe rounded,

produced, and slightly notched at apex.

.Male style similar to that of cinerea. con-

cavely rounded, narrowed just before blunt

apex, which is slightly enlarged. Aedeagus
shallowly and concavely excavated just be-

fore dorsally curved sharply pointed apex,

which extends dorsad.

1 his species, and its variety aiiyuslens.

have been taken in the Middle West only.

Illinois Record.—Hanoxer: sand prai-

rie, July 10. 19.U. DeLong & Ross, 1 $ .

Prairitina kansana var. an^iisti'tis DeLong

Prairiana kansana var. anqustcns DeLong
(1942, p. S3).

Length 10.5 mm. Resembling kansana in

general appearance, but more slender, elon-

gate, and with vertex more pointed. V'ertex

about one-third « ider between eyes than
median length. Pale brown, tinged with
white. Vertex and pronotum punctate
with small brown spots. Elytra pale, faintly

margined with brown. The male aedeagus
and styles are similar to those of kansana.

Illinois Records.—Evergreen' Park:
July 1, 1935. 1 specimen. Urbana: Julv 21,

19.?6, B. D. Burks, M July 25, 1934,'Fri-

son & DeLong, 1 i .

28. PONANA Ball

Ponana Ball (1920, p. 93).

l''ig. 22. Related to and similar to

Cypona, but with body more convex and
cylindrical in type. Pronotum conspicuously
wider than vertex, transverse, striated, con-
vexly sloping to vertex ; lateral margins
almost angled, laterally produced. V'ertex

usually convex or sloping, with a rather
delinite depression just before the thickened

anterior margin, depression also indicated

bel(jw margin; vertex and front meeting at

nearly a right angle, front scarcely inflated.

Ocelli rather large, on disc before middle.

1 he genus contains 22 species in the

Nearctic region distributed over the eastern

I'nited States and the Southwest. I'our of

these species have been taken in Illinois,

while several others may occur here.

Key to .Species

1. Vertex and often pronotum marked with
small reddish dots 2

Vertex and pronotum without reddish
dots 3

2. V'ertex produced at middle; pronotum with
two black spots on anterior margin,
one behind each ocellus .1. scarlatina

Vertex more broadly rounded; pronotum
with four black spots on anterior margin,
one behind each ocellus and one behind
each eye 2. puncticollis

J. Pronotum and elytra heavily punctate
with small brown spots

2. puncticollis
Pronotum and elytra not marked with

small brown spots 4
4. F.lytra uniformly dark brown to black,

costae conspicuously yellow; vertex and
pronotum pale, unmarked

5. limbatipennis
Elytra not uniformly dark in color .5

5. .Anterior portion of pronotum with four
conspicuous spots 7. quadralaba

Pronotum without definite dark markings
on anterior portion 6

(>. Dull yellowish green, scutellum and claval
area smoky to dark brown 7

Claval area not smoky or brown, elytra
usually with spots or crossveins pig-

mented 8

7. Elytra smoky along commissural line;

male styles, fig. \79(.\ shallowly ex-

cavated on inner margins; central por-

tion ol aedeagus, fig. 179.^, more deeply
and angularly excavated at apex

8. limonea
Elytra heavily and broadly marked with
brown along commissure; male styles,

fig. 180C, more deeply and roundedly
excavated on inner margins; ai»ex of
central portion of aedeagus, fig. I80.y,

rather deeply and roundedly excavated
6. pectoralis



166
Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol.24. Art.

2

Fias.l74-181.-/'o««n«, male genitalia. A, ventral aspect of aedeagus; B, lateral aspect of

aedeagus; C, style, two views.



June. 1Q4S DeLong: Leafiioppers of Illinois 167

8. Male styles, tie. 178C, shallowly and
roundedl>' notched on outer margins;
central portion of aedeagus, tiy. 178./,

straight and bifurcate at apex; elytra

with dark hrown pigment markings, re-

sembling crossveins, especially on clavus

just posterior to scutellum . .4. rubida
Male styles, fig. 181C, deeply and angular-

ly notched on outer margins; central

portion ot aedeagus, fig. 181./, con-

stricted just before bifurcate apical por-

tion; elytra pale to dark brown
3. aenea

1. Ponaiia scarlatina (I'itch)

G}/>ona starlalina Fitch (1851, p. 57).

Gypona irrorella Spangberg ( 1878i, p. 60).

Gypnna spaJix OcLoiig (igiSi, p. 235).

Gypona rodont Ball (1920, p. 96).

Length 8.5-9.0 nun. Yellowish brown,

completely dotted with bright red in well-

marked specimens. Head narrow, vertex

broadly rounded, almost twice as wide iis

long. \'arying from buft to brown, ind

usually marked with red spots on all por-

tions of dorsal surface. Veins frequently

red. The degree and intensity of coloration

is quite variable.

Female seventh sternite with well-pro-

duced rounded lateral angles, between which

the posterior margin is concavely excavated

either side of a broad median produced lobe,

which is slightly notched at middle. Each

male style, tig. 174. with apical portion nar-

rowed but almost parallel margined to apex,

which is rather broad and rounded and with

a short point on inner apex. Aedeagus in

ventral view, fig. 174, with a pair of forceps-

like structures and a median elongated por-

tion, which bears a pair of small curved

lateral processes at the apex.

A widely distributed eastern species, scar-

latina ranges west to Kansas and Texas.

Illinois Records.

—

Olive Br.anch:
Horseshoe Lake, Aug. 2, 1934, DeLong &
Mohr, 1 S . V^ienn.a: July 29, 1934, DeLong
& Ross, 1 ? .

2. Poiiana piDicticollis (Spangberg)

Gypona puncticoUis Spangberg (1878/', p. 54).

Gypona sanguinnlcnta Spangberg (1878/", p.

63).

Gypona grisea Spangberg (1878/;, p. 64).

Gypona prosrripta Fowler (1903. p. 309).

Length 9 mm. Pale brownish, with four

large round spots just behind anterior mar-

gin of pronotum and with elytra heavily

marked with brownish irrorations. Verte-x

rather strongly produced and rounded, more
than half as long at middle as basal widtli

between the eyes. Vertex and pronotum
often with tine brown or reddish punctures.

Elytra generally marked with small round
brownish spots; in addition there arc heavy
brownish areas arranged in two broken
transverse bands across each clavus. The
intensity of these bands varies.

Female seventh sternite with produced
rounded lateral angles, between which the

posterior margin is concavely excavated

either side of a broad median lobe, which
is produced beyond the lateral angles ami
slightly notched at middle. Each male style,

tig. 177, broad, narrowed toward apex, and
constricted to form a thick finger-like curved

tip, w-hich is bluntly poinfcd at apex. Aedea-
gus appearing in ventral view with the

paired lateral processes blunt at apexes and

rounded: median process long and slender,

with broadened apex from which arise two
lateral processes that are rigidly fastened

together and form a semicircular band with

sharp-pointed apexes curved ventrally.

This species has been recorded from

Florida.

3. Ponana iienea DeLong

I'oritiri/t acnt'a DeLong (1942, p. 94).

Length 8 mm. Resembling scarlatina in

general appearance, but with more iiuirkedly

produced vertex and with distinctive male

genitalia. Vertex rather strongly produced,

apex rounded, more than half as long at

middle as basal width between eyes. Yel-

low, tinged with brown. Elytra pale to

dark brownish (sometimes with reddish

flecks as in scarlatina).

Female seventh sternite with lateral

angles produced and rounded, between which

the posterior margin is concavely excavated

either side of a pair of short broadly rounded

median lobes separated by a short median

notch. Each male style, fig. 181, broad,

rather deeply and concavely notched on ven-

tral margin at about the middle, angularly

notched on dorsal margin a little farther

apically, then decidedly narrowed and pro-

duced, forming a thick tinger-like process

directed outwardly and pointed at apex.

Aedeagus as viewed ventrally with the

paired lateral processes tapered at apexes;

niedi:in slender portion bifid at apex, with

very short :ipic,il processes.



168 Illinois Natural History SuRVhv Bulletin rol.24,Art.2

The style and aedeat;us are both excellent

characters to separate this species from

scarlatina.

This species has not been taken in Illinois,

but is known to occur in Kansas and

Missouri and east to Pennsylvania and

Maryland.

4. Ponana riihida DeLong

Ponana ruhida DeLong (1942, p. 95).

Lenfith 9.0-9.5 mm. Resembling scarla-

tina in general appearance, but with brown

ramose markings on elytra and with dis-

tinctive male genitalia. Vertex broadly

rounded, a little more than half as long at

middle as basal width between eyes. Dark

brown pigment markings of elytra resemb-

ling crossveins; these more abundant on

claval areas just back of apex of scutellum.

Female seventh sternite roundedly produced,

shallowly and broadly notched at apex,

slightly sinuate on either side about half

way between lateral angles and apex. Each

male style, fig. 178, even broader than in

aeiiea, not so deeply notched on either ven-

tral or dorsal edges and with apex shorter,

thicker, and more blunt at apex than in that

species. Aedeagus with the median process

narrow, constricted on dorsal side, then bi-

furcate and broadened; ventral portion

forming a sheath that is not constricted.

This is chiefly a middle western species,

but has been taken as far east as Pennsyl-

vania.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 2 to August 2.?, are from Apple

River Canyon State Park, Dolson, Fox Lake,

Havana, La Grange, northern Illinois, Oak-
wood, Savanna, Urbana, and Vienna.

5. Ponana limbatipennis (Spangberg)

Gypoiui limhatiprnnjs Spangberg (1878/;, p.

+7).

Length 8.75-9.5 mm. Dark, with pale

costal margins. Vertex broadly rounded,

more than half as long as basal width be-

tween eyes. Color brownish yellow, vertex

and pronotum usually unmarked, scutellum

smoky, elytra usually smoky to black, apical

half of each often paler with dark veins,

costa with broad yellowish margin. Female
seventh sternite with posterior margin
slightly sinuate; broadly and shallowly

notched at middle. Each male style, fig. 175,

rather slender, rather shallowly notched on

ventral and dorsal margins, abruptly nar-

rowed just before apex, the apical tip rather

slender; finger-like apex curved to a point

on inner margin. Aedeagus with the paired

lateral portions narrowed just before apex,

with apexes blunt, divergent; median proc-

ess slender, slightly enlarged at apex, me-

dian portion excavated, with a slight median

tooth at base ; each arm forming the exca-

vation bifid at apex, the outer tooth shorter

than the inner tooth. The characters of

the aedeagus will easily separate this from

all allied species.

This is a middle western species recorded

from Ohio, Illinois, and Iowa.

Illinois Records.

—

Algonquin: July 8,

1897, 19. Apple River Canyon St.'Vte

Park: July 11, 1934, Ross & DeLong, \$,
12. Marshall: June 14, 1933, Frison &
Ross, 1 (J . Oakwood: June 14, 1935, Mohr,
1 i . Starved Rock State Park : June 28,

1937, Ross & Burks, \$. Stratford: June

22, 1917, 1 £ . Urbana: June 17, 1889, Hart,

6. Ponana pectoralis (Spangberg)

Gypiina pectoralis Spangberg (1878i, p. 46).

Gypona athimargiuata Woodworth (1887, p.

31).

Gypona bimaculata Woodworth (1887, p. 32).

Gypuna woodivortlii Van Duzee (1915/1, p.

.o9).

Length 10 mm. Yellowish brown, with

dark coloration on the corium and clavus

of each elytron. Vertex broadly produced,

more than half as long as basal width be-

tween the eyes. Disc of pronotum darker

than elytra; scutellum darker on anterior

half; elytra yellowish, subhyaline claval

area more smoky and with brownish spots

on each corium and clavus.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin broadly and rather shallowly notched

at middle, with a rounded lobe either side,

the lobe usually slightly sinuate at middle.

Each male style, fig. 180, broad, deeply and

concavely notched on inner margin, then en-

larged and sloped to a rather thick finger-

like apex, which is formed by a deep angular

notch on inner margin. Aedeagus with

apexes of lateral paired portions blunt and

divergent, median portion slender, enlarged

at apex, rather deeply notched, forming a

pair of divergent pointed tips.

This species is distributed from the Dis-



June. 194S DeLoxg: Leafhoppers of Illinois 169

trict of Columbia west to Kansas and

lexas.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, oolleeted May 26 to August 22, are

from Antloch, Dolson, Fox Lake, (lalena.

Grand Tower, Homan, Kampsville, Kanka-
kee, La Grange, Mount Carmel, Oak
Lawn. Ocjuawka, Pulaski. Savanna, Thebes,

Vienna, Lrbana, and White Heath.

7. Poiuiiiii (/luiihiiltihti DeLong

Punana (juadralaha Del.ong (1942, p. 98).

Length 7.0-8.5 mm. Small, yellowish to

brownish, with four black spots on anterior

portion of pronotum. Vertex broadly

rounded, more than half as long at middle

as basal width between eyes. Each elytron

with a few brown blotches on clavus and

apex of clavus, and one on corium.

Female seventh sternite concavely rounded

from lateral angles to the slightly produced

median third, which is broadly and shallowly

notched at middle, forming a part of the

proximal rounded lobes. Each male style,

fig. 176, rather narrow, sides scarcely sinu-

ate to a point near apex, where it is con-

cavely excavated on inner margin, with apex

strongly curved dorsally and produced into

a finger-like process; style usually with a

slightly enlarged blunt tooth on outer margin
of curved portion at base of the linger-like

process. Aedeagus with the paired lateral

portions enlarged at middle, tapered to blunt

apexes; median process long, rather slender,

decidedly broadened at apex, appearing

deeply and angularly excavated, and form-

ing two long divergent slender pointed proc-

esses; between processes is a membranous
wall extending to one-fourth the distance

from the pointed apexes.

This species is distributed from New
Jersey to Arizona.

Illinois Records.— Males and females,

taken June 18 to October 2, are from Alton,

Bluffs. Carbondale, Dubois, Elizabethtown,

Gibsonia, (jrafton, Omaha, Savanna,
Shawneetown, Starved Rock State Park,

Lrbana. and Warren.

8. Poiitiiia limonea Hall & Reeves

Pnnnna snirlatina var. limortiii Ball ix Reeves
(1927, p. 498).

Length 10 mm. Smoky greenish, with a

well-produced vertex. \'ertex more than

half as long at middle as width between
eyes. X'ertex and pronotum often brighter
green than elytra. Female seventh sternite

almost truncate, with a broad shallow-

median notch at middle. Each male style,

fig. 179, rather broad, with a produced
rounded lobe on dorsal margin not far from
apex; margin concavely rounded from
rounded lobe to form a narrow produced
apical process, which is pointed at tip.

Aedeagus with lateral paired portions

tapered to bluntly pointed apexes; median
process long, slender, enlarged at apex, with
a pair of long slender tapered pointed proc-

esses separated by a deep V-shapcd excava-
tion.

This species is known from Ohio only.

Subfamily LEDRINAE

The members of this subfamily are easily

recognized by a combination of characters.

'Fhe forcwings are deeply pitted, and the

anterior part of the body is dorsoventrally

flattened so as to appear wedge shaped. The
elytra are laterally appressed at their apexes,

and together appear wedge shaped.

Lawson (19.?la) records 13 species in the

only genus, A'cro^/i/ocfl, belonging to this

subfamily in the United St.ites.

29. XEROPHLOEA Germar

Xrrophloca CJermar (1839, p. 190).

Mesodkus Fieber (1866, p. 501).
Parapliolis Uhler (1877, p. 461).

Fig. 21. Head broad, vertex broadly

angled or broadly rounded in front, flat,

anterior margin thin. Elytra long, angularly

pointed, perpendicular at apexes. The entire

dorsal surface, especially the pronotum and

elytra, coarsely and rather densely pitted.

The broad head and pronotum and the per-

pendicular character of elytra at the apexes

give to the insect a characteristic wedge-

shaped appearance.

Four species of the genus are known to

occur in the eastern United States. Two
of these have been collected in Illinois.

Key to Species

Vertex distinctly annulate, slightly over half

as long at middle as width between eyes at

base. Length 'i.O-7.5 mm 1. viridis

Vertex broadly rounded, at least two-thirds as

long at middle as basal width between eyes.

Length 7.5-8.0 mm 2. major



170 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin- r,A. 24, Art. 2

1. Xeropliloea viridis (Fabricius)

Cirtopis viridis Fabricius (1794, p. 50).

Xeropliloea ijrisea Germar (1839, p. 190).

Xeropliloea viresfens Stal (1854, p. 253).

I'arapliolii peltata Uhler (1877, p. 461).

Length 6.0-7.5 mm. Color green to

brownish yellow. Head a little narrower

than pronotum. Vertex convexly rounded

on sides to a definitely angulate apex.; little

more than half as long at middle as basal

width between eyes. Females usually light

green, often marked with minute black

dots, particularly along elytral veins. Males

often appearing entirely brown, usually

yellowish green, with the median line of

vertex and posterior portion of pronotum

brown.

A common species on upland meadows

and prairies, viriilis usually occurs on short

grasses in association with Aristida gracilis.

It is widely distributed throughout the

United States.

Illinois Record.

—

Oquawka: on musk-

melon, July 16, 19.57, Mohr & Burks, 12.

2. Xerophloea major Baker

Xeropliloea major Baker (1898r, p. 285).

Fig. 182. Length 7.5-8.0 mm. Large,

stout, green, often well marked with numer-

ous black dots. Head slightly narrower than

pronotum. Vertex strongly and broadly

rounded, two-thirds as long as width be-

tween eyes.

This species is unique in its large size

and rounded vertex. It occurs in grasses

and is frequently found in the «et prairie.

It ranges from the East Coast west to

Tennessee and Kansas.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 27 to October .5, are from Al-

bion, Alton, Anvil Rock, Barry, Cave in

Rock, Kampsville, Oquawka, Port Byrun,

and Urbana.

Subfamily DORYDIINAE

All the genera of this group, especially

in the female, have a produced flattened

vertex with a sharp thin foliaceous margin.

The ocelli are on the front margin and usu-

Fig. 182.

—

Xeropliloea major $.

183 184 185

Elytra of Dorydiinae

Fig. 183.

—

Dorydicila kansana.

Fig. 184.

—

Paraholocratus flavidus.

Fig. 185.

—

Spattghergiclla ijuadripunctala.

ally very close to the eyes. The females

of most of the genera have the elytra short,

exposing the last one or more abdominal

segments.

This subfamily is represented by seven

genera in the eastern United States, and

live of these occur in Illinois.

Kev to Genera

1. Elytra narrowed posteriorly to pointed

tips, fig. 183; general color brownish .

.35. Dorydiella

F.lytra not narrowed posteriorly, apexes

well rounded :
.

2. Vertex with a broad deep longitudinal

furrow, extending nearly to base of

head, and a slight ridge on either side;

pronotum with a sharp median carina,

fig 187 31. Neoslossonia

Vertex flat, or with a median carina 3,,

3. Vertex extremely long and foliaceous,,

more than twice as long as basal width



Jinir, 194S DELoxn: I^HAFiioiTMiRS or 1i.i.in( 171

between eyes, and with a median loniii-

tudinal carina extending nearly its full

lenuith, fig. 189; color brownish
30. Doryccphalus

Vertex usually more thickened, flat with-

out carina, and not more than twice as

loni; as basal width between eyes; color

usually greenish, sometimes marked
with black, red, or orange 4

Klytra with one claval (anal I vein marked
with red, fig. 185; head and pronotum
with a pair of diagonal red or orange
stripes 33. Spangbergiella

Klytra with two claval veins, or veins

obscured; stripes, if present, longitudi-

nal 5

187 188

Fig. 186.—Paraholocratiis viridis. A, lateral

aspect; B, dorsal aspect of head and thorax.

Fig. 187.

—

Ncoslossitma putnami, dorsal as-

pect of head and pronotum.

Fig. 188.—Duyphonui untatti, dorsal aspect

of heail and pronotum.

5. Vertex decidedly longer than basa width
between eyes 6

\ ertex not more than width between eyes,
fig. 186S; color usually uniformly pale
green 34. Parabolocratus

6. Body above pale green, with a pair of
reddish stripes extending from front
margin of vertex to posterior margin of
scutellum, fig. 190; at least veins in basal
half of elytra marked with red, orange,
or yellow 32. Hecalus

Body above straw colored, marked with
brown; vertex with a broad, brown, ir-

regular longitudinal hand, fig. 188

36. Dicyphonia

.^0. DORYCEPHALUS Kuschakcwitch

Dorycephaliis Kuschakcwitch (1866, p. 102).

Large, elongate, with extremely long

produced flat head, which is thin and folia-

ceous on outer margin and at ape.x. Female

with short elytra, exposing the last three to

Hve dorsal segments of the abdomen; in the

male the elytra usually extend to the apex

of the abdomen.

The members of this genus are grass-

feeding species and occur in prairie habitats.

Eight species are known to occur in North

America. Two of these have been collected

in Illinois, and others may be found here.

Kev to -Species

Head broad, front convex transversely; elytra

more than half the length of abdomen in

both sexes 1. platyrhynchus
Head narrow, front strongly concave lor its

entire length; elytra less than hall the length

of abdomen in both sexes 2. vanduzei

1. Dorycephaliis platyrhynchus Osborn

Dorycephalus platyrhynchus Osborn (1894, p.

216).

Kig. 189. Length of male 9-10 mm., fc-

ir.ale 1-H5 mm. Female yellowish to hrown-

3.lrM

Fig. 189.

—

Dorycephalus platyrhynchus 9 .



172 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J-ol.24,Art.2M

ish, resembling a dried blade of grass; with

a long toliaceous head having a median keel;

vertex almost two and one-half times as

long as basal width, broad to apex, which

is broadly rounded. Elytra of female short,

exposing the last three segments of the abdo-

men. Male usually brown, vertex about

one and one-half times as long as basal width

between eyes ; elytra usually reaching tip of

abdomen.

Female seventh sternite broadly and

shallowly emarginate, almost truncate, with

a short rounded median tooth. Male plates

as long as combined basal width, concavely

narrowed to blunt apexes. Valve short and

broad. Pygofers twice as long as plates.

This is a typical prairie species occurring

on grasses of the prairie association. Re-

corded from two species of Elymus in Iowa,

it is known from the Middle West ranging

from Illinois to Colorado.

Illinois Records.

—

Decatur: June 12-

29, 1935, Prison, Mohr, & DeLong, 21 i ,

89. Hillsdale: June 5, 1940, Mohr &
Burks, 1 i . Rockford: July 5, 1932, Dozier

& Mohr, 1 i . Summit: July 17, 1935, De-

Long & Ross, 1 9 .

2, Dorycephalus vandusei Osborn & Ball

Doryccphalus vanduzei Osborn & Ball (1898,

p. 74).

Length 13-14 mm. Extremely long,

slender, with thin flat head. Yellowish to

green, marked with black spots. Entire

insect is about 10 times as long as broad.

Vertex three times as long as pronotum,

foliaceous, apex broad, rounded, slightly

elevated; front broadly, concavely, longi-

tudinally depressed. Elytra short, reaching

only to base of third abdominal segment,

apexes narrowed, rounded, and divergent.

The abdominal segments each bear four

small spots on the dorsal surface arrayed

in two longitudinal rows. A lateral row

each side is formed by a larger spot at the

lateral line on each segment. Female seventh

sternite long, almost truncate; male pygo-

fers stylelike and very elongated.

This species occurs on the short grass,

Sporobolus cuspidatus, and it has also been

taken from the Aristida purpurea associa-

tion. It has been previously recorded from

Florida, Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska.

Illinois Record.

—

Oak Lawn: July 11,

1945, DeLong & Ross, 1 <? , 1 9 .

31. NEOSLOSSONIA Van Duzee

Nenslossonia Van Duzee (1909rt, p. 218).

Vertex obtusely triangular, almost flat,

having a broad median longitudinal fur-

row, at either side of which is an elevated

ridge. Pronotum with a median carina.

Head as long as width at base; head and

pronotum coarsely punctate.

Only one species of this genus, puinam'i,

has been described, and it has been taken in

Georgia and Florida. It has not been taken

in Illinois, but in view of the peculiar oc-

currence of several typical Florida species

in an area of the old Lake Michigan basin

south and west of Chicago, it seems possible

that it might at some time be found in that

area of the state.

1. Neoslossonia putnami (Osborn)

Uorycephalus putnami Osborn (1907, p. 163).

Fig. 187. Length 5.5 mm. Broad, flat-

headed, black, without color markings. Ver-

tex almost flat, about as long at middle as

basal width between eyes, with a broad

median furrow. Vertex and pronotum

coarsely punctatfc. Elytra reaching almost

to tip of abdomen, minutely punctate. Male

valve broad and short, triangular. Plates

triangular, elongate, slender, acute at apexes,

about half as long as pygofers.

This species has been found on marsh

grasses.

32. HECALUS Stal

Hecalus Stal (1864, p. 65).

Glossocratus Fieber (1866, p. 502).

Vertex longer than basal width, flattened,

sharp and foliaceous at margin. Pronotum

very short and broad. Clavus of each ely-

tron with at least two veins. Elytra shorter

than abdomen.

The members of this genus inhabit

marshes, where they feed upon coarse

grasses and sedges. Four species are known

for the United States, and one of them is

found in Illinois.

1. Hecalus lineatus (Uhler)

Glossocratus lineatus Uhler (1877, p. 463).

Fig. 190. Length of female 9 mm., male

7 mm. Long, broad, greenish, with a long

thin flat vertex; four longitudinal bright



Jinie. 1948 DeLonc: Leafhoi'I'Ers of Illinois 173

red stripes extendinj: across vertex and pro-

notum, the central pair crossing scutellum.

Elytra short in female, greatly exceeded by

abdomen, nerviires broadly reddish or yel-

lowish; in the male, the elvtra a little e\-

Fis- 190.

—

II ftalus linratiis 9

ceeded by the black abdomen and usually

crossed by two broad black bands, one across

middle and another covering apexes and a

part of anteapical cells. Female seventh

sternite long, slightly produced at center,

appearing like a small lobe. Male plates

long, triangular, acutely pointed.

This species ranges from New \'ork west

to Kansas, North Dakota, and Colorado.

It is abundant in the marshes of the north-

ern one-fourth of Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May 4 to August 23, are from Alsip,

Bement, Champaign. Fox Lake, Kankakee,
La Grange, Normal, Oak Lawn, St. Anne.
Summit. Tolono. W'aukegan, and Zion.

33. SPANGBERGIELLA Signoret

Spanffhrrt/iclla Signoret (1879. p. 273).

Fig. 185. Head strongly produced before

the eyes, triangular, ocelli on sharp margin

near the eyes. Front rather broad, convex,

cheeks with oblique angles rounded. Prono-

tuni twice as wide as long, slightly rounded

in front. Scutellum short. Elytra each with
four apical cells.

One of the three Nearctic species of this
genus occurs in Illinois on short grasses.

1. Spangbergiella qiiadripunctata Law son

Span^berffiella quadripunctata Lawson (1932/'.
p. 120).

Length b.0-6.5 mm. Sharp headed, green;
vertex and pronotum green or greenish yel-

low, with two oblique divergent red stripes

extending from near the apex of vertex to

basal angles of scutellum. Vertex a little

longer than basal width, roundedly angu-
late. Pronotum with a short median red

stripe on posterior half. Each elytron with
four parallel oblique red bands extending
from costal area almost to inner margin.

Female seventh sternite truncate posteri-

orly. Male valve nearly concealed; each
plate broad at base, abruptly narrowed, and
produced into long point. The female is

usually more yellow in color and less in-

tensely marked with red.

This is a very common species on grasses

in low moist meadows or in grassy wood-
lands. It is widely distributed over the

Middle West, and occurs also in some of

the eastern states.

Illinois Records.

—

C.we in Rock: Oct.

2. 1934, Frison & Ross, 3 9 ; July 9, 1934,

DeLong & Ross, 5 (i , 8 9 . Dixon Springs:

July 29, 1934, DeLong & Mohr, 1 <J , 19;
July 9, 1935, Ross & DeLong, 3 <5 , 39.
Fern Cliff: Aug. 3, 1934, DeLong &
Mohr, 1(5. K.arnak: Aug. 8, 1934, Ross,

DeLong, & Mohr, M, 19. Olive

Br.anch: Aug. 2, 1934, D.-Long & .Mohr,

19. Vienn.a: June 14, 1934, DeLong &
Ross, 1 9 ; July 29, 1934. DeLong & Ross,

2 ,^ , 2 9 .

34. PARAIiOLOCRATUS Fieber

Parabohcratus Fieber (1866, pp. 502, 513).

Fig. 186. Head flattened, well produced,

usually narrower than pronotum, with a

definite margin, which is often thin and

foliaceous; ocelli on margin near the eyes.

Elytra macropterous in both sexes and often

brachypterous in female.

Twenty species have been found in the

United States: of these six are known to

occur in Illinois. All of the species are

found in marsh habitats on tall grasses.



174 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin V<,t.24.Art.2

Kkv to Species

1. I'e males 8

Males . .

,.
2

2. Vertex margin thin, usually foliaceous at

apex, usually marked with a brown line

just heneath margin. Apical portion of

aedeagus with a pair of unbranched
lateral processes, as in fig. 191 3

Vertex margin thicker, not thin or folia-

ceous at apex, usually without a brown
line beneath margin. Apical portion of

aedeagus with a v^air of branched proc-

esses 7

3. Male pygofers each broadly rounded
apically, not concavely rounded to the

produced apical dorsal lobe nor notched
on ventral margin near apex; apex of

aedeagus as in fig. 193 1. rotundus
Male pygofers each concavely rounded on

caudal margin to the produced apical

dorsal lobe, or notched on ventral mar-
gin near apex, or both 4

4. Lateral processes of aedeagus arising

apically, as in fig. 191 5

Lateral processes of aedeagus arising

laterally just before apex, as in fig.

193 6

Vertex bluntly produced, about as long as

pronotum and at least two-thirds as

long as width between eyes
2. viridis

Vertex more broadly rounded, about two-

thirds as long as pronotum, and about
one-half as long as median width be-

tween eyes 3. curtus
Margin of vertex broadly rounded, about

two-thirds as long at middle as basal

width. Each pygofer with a prominent
notch on ventral margin near apex, . , .

4. major
Margin of vertex angulate at apex, slightly

wider between eyes than median length.

Each pygofer scarcely notched on ven-

tral margin near apex. . .5. kansiensis
Aedeagus, fig. 194, tapering on apical

half to the bifurcate apical processes,

which are about equal in length and
widened at middle. Apexes of elytra

usually brownish 6. flavidus

.Aedeagus, fig. 192, roundedly enlarged

before apex, then rapidly narrowed to

FLAVIDUS CURTUS I95B KANSIENSIS

Fi^s. 191-196.—Pdiiihutocriitus, male genitalia. A, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect of aedea-

gus. (Redrawn after Shaw.)



Jiim . I'US DeLonc: Leafhoi'I'krs of Illinois 175

the apical bifurcate processes; inner
process of each pair considerably longer
than the outer. Klytra usually entirely
green f. grandi's

8. Vertex as long as or longer than wide
7. grandis

\ertex wider than long ';

V. A brown line below margin of vertex . . 10
Without a brown line below margin of

vertex 11

10. Klytra exceeding ovipositor, vertex at
middle distinctly shorter than pronotum

3. curtus
Klytra at least exceeded by tip of oviposi-

tor; vertex about the same length as
pronotum 2. viridis

11. \'ertex broadly rounded at apex; face
appearing in profile rather strongly in-

Hated 4. major
N'ertex angularly produced; face scarcely

inflated, almost straight 12
12. Margin ot vertex foliaceous; each elytron

uniformly greenish but occasionally
with small brown spot at tip of clavus

5. kansiensis
Margin of vertex thin but not foliaceous;
each elytron with a small brown spot
at tip ot clavus and another at apex of
fourth apical cell 6. flavidus

1. Parabolocratus rottiiidus DeLong

Paraboioiralus roiundus DeLong ( 1938i/, p.

302).

Length of male 7 mm. Female not known.
Color greenish without definite markings.

Resembling major in form and appearance,

Init with broadly rounded pygofers. Vertex
one-half wider than median length, a little

longer than pronotum. Face strongly in-

flated. Elytra exposing only the pygofers.

Male plates about one-halt longer than

combined basal width, not quite so long

as pygofers, which are broadly rounded pos-

teriorly and without a preapical notch on

ventral margin. Aedeagus stout, in lateral

view decidedly narrowed before apex ; apex

expanded and hearing a rather long stout

lateral process on either side of expanded
portion before apex, similar to fig. 193 for

iiuijiir. The rounded pygofers will immedi-
ately separate this species from any other

species of the genus. In the other species,

the pygofers are concavely rounded on cau-

dal margins to produced apical lobes, cjr

notched on ventral margins.

This species is known from Illinois ami

Ohio only.

Illinois Records.

—

Des Plaines: Sept.

18. 19.?5, DeLong & Ross, 1 <i . Zion : July

25, 19.U, Frison & DeLong, 1 6 : Aug. 7.

1935, DeLong & Ross, ii.

2. Parabolocriitus viridis (Uhler)

Glossocralus viridis Uhler (1877, p. 462).

Length of male 5.0-6.3 mm., female 6.5-
8.5 mm. Large, yellowish green to bright
green, with broadly rounded vertex. Vertex
shorter than basal width; a brown line,

frequently very short, below margin of ver-
tex. Pronotum about the same length as
vertex, sometimes slightly longer. Elytra
of male extending beyond abdomen; of fe-

male exposing one or two abdominal seg-

ments (brachypterous) or only the oviposi-

tor (macropterous). Costal margins of ely-

tra usually whitish, apical portions brownish.
Female seventh sternite with posterior

iTiargin slightly and roundedly produced or
truncate. Male valve broad and triangular.

Plates about as long as combined basal

width, slightly exceeded in length by pygo-
fers, which are notched on ventral margins
near apexes. Aedeagus, fig. 191, tapered to

apex, which bears a pair of apical terminal
lateral processes.

This species is widely distributed through-
out the northern states.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken IVLiy 7 to September 21, are

from Alsip, Amboy, Antioch, Aurora, Cedar
Lake, Champaign, Chemung, Decatur,
Downs, Eichorn, Elgin, Evergreen Park,

Fox Lake, I'ulton, Ingleside, Jonesboro,

Kinmundy, Kirkwood, Lake Villa, Mayview,
Oak Lawn, Ogden, Oquawka, Orangeville,

Port Byron, Princeton, Putnam, St. Anne,
Sheffield, Sparta, Spring Grove, Sun Lake,

Urbana, Volo, VVaukegan, and Zion.

3. Parabolocratus curtus Shaw

Paraholocraltis lurlus Shaw (1932, p. 41).

Length 5.5-6.5 mm. Yellowish green, a

dark brown line below margin of vertex

in both sexes. Vertex shorter than in viridis,

much shorter than wide, in male about one-

half as long as width between eyes. Prono-

tum in female a little longer than vertex,

in male one-third longer than vertex; lateral

margins white. Elytra exceeding abdomen
in both sexes; costal margins whitish, apic:il

margins brownish.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin roundedly produced. Male valve

broad and triangular. Plates a little longer

than combined basal width. Pygofers a

little longer than plates, with a distinct



176 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin l'ol.24.Ari.2

notch on ventral borders just before apexes.

Aedeagus, fig. 195, with a pointed projec-

tion on either side before apex and a pair

of terminal lateral curved processes.

This species, described from Kansas, prob-

ably occurs in the western portion of Illi-

nois.

4. Parabolocratus major Osborn

I'arabulocralus major Osborn (1915, p. 110).

Length of male 6.0-6.8 mm., female 7.5-

9.0 mm. Yellowish green to green, mark-

ings variable. Rather large, round headed,

larger and with a broader head than that

of vlridis. Vertex shorter than broad, mar-
gin broadly rounded. Pronotum longer than

vertex in male, shorter than vertex in fe-

male. Elytra of female exposing the last

two abdominal segments; elytra of male

exceeding length of abdomen.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin slightly produced. Male valve broad

and triangular. Plates a little longer than

combined basal width. Pygofers a little

longer than plates, ventral margins deeply

notched close to apexes. Aedeagus, fig. 193,

stout, rather broad in lateral view, not nar-

rowed apically; it bears a pair of long lateral

processes before apex.

This species is found in the eastern United

States and ranges west to Colorado.

It has been taken most commonly in Illi-

nois in Calcunagrrjstis meadows and similar

marsh habitats.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 10 to September 6, are from
Antioch, Des Plaines, Evergreen Park, Fox
L,ake, Grays Lake, Oak Lawn, St. Anne,
Summit, Volo, Wauconda, and Zion.

5. Parabolocratus kansiensis Shaw

Paraholocraliu kansiensis Shaw (1932, p. 47).

Length of male 5.5-5.0 mm., female 8.0

mm. Rather large, pale green, a brown
line below margin of vertex in both sexes.

Head angulate, vertex wider between eyes

than median length, margin decidedly foli-

aceous. Pronotum in male about equaling

vertex in length, in female shorter than ver-

tex. Elytra of female exposing one or two
abdominal segments; elytra exceeding length

of abdomen in male.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin broadly rounded. Male valve broad,

triangular, plates about one-fourth longer

than combined basal width. Pygofers ex-

ceeding length of plates, very faintly notched

on ventral margins before apexes. Aedea-

gus, fig. 196, in ventral view strongly nar-

rowed apically and bearing a pair of un-

branched processes before apex. Processes

evenly curved inwardly.

This species is western in distribution and

has been taken only from a marsh in the

extreme western portion of the state.

Illinois Record.

—

Lima: July 29, 19.?6,

Mohr & Burks, \ i , 29 .

6. Parabolocratus flavidus Signoret

Paruhototratus flavidus Signoret (1879, p.

276).

Length of male 4.5-6.0 mm., female 5.5-

8.0 mm. Pale green to yellowish green, with

angulate head. Vertex in both sexes shorter

than wide, but more angulate in the male.

Face pale orange below apex. Pronotum
as long as vertex. Elytra of female expos-

ing one or two abdominal segments or, in

long-winged forms, reaching tip of oviposi-

tor; in male the elytra exceed the abdomen;
each elytron usually with a small brown
spot at apex of clavus and another at end

of fourth apical cell.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin gradually produced. Male valve

short and very narrow. Plates strongly and

concavely narrowed apically, a little longer

than basal width. Pygofers a little longer

than plates, each tapered to pointed apex,

not concavely rounded on ventral apical

margin. Aedeagus, fig. 194, long in ventral

view, with margins tapered to apex, which

bears a pair of bifurcate processes on either

side; two branches of each process about

equal in length.

This species is found in the southeastern

states and ranges into Arkansas and Kansas.

It is common in the southern portion of Illi-

nois, but has been taken only rarely in the

northern half.

Illinois Records.

—

Carbondale: July

16, 1909, 1 5 . C.WE IN Rock: July 9, 19.^5,

DeLong & Ross, 8 ,J , 3 9 . Dixon Springs:

July 9, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 ,3 , 19.

Dongola: on juniper. May 11, 1917, \$.

Evergreen Park: July 1, 1935, DeLong &
Ross, 1 9. Thebes: on cane, July 11, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, \$. Urbana: Sept. 1,

1889, U.

I



Juiu. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 177

7. Paraholocratus grandis Shaw

I'liraholoiriiliis grandis Shaw (1932, p. 44).

Length of male 5.0-7.0 mm., female 7.5-

9.0 mm. Yellowish green, elytra with a

small dark brown spot at apex of each cla-

vus. Vertex of female as long as or longer

than wide, anterior margin rather broadly

rounded; vertex of male wider between

eyes than median length, more angulate

apically. Pronotum of female much shorter

than vertex; pronotum of male as long as

vertex. Elytra of female very short, expos-

ing the last four or five abdominal seg-

ments; elytra of male long, covering abdo-

men.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin truncate or slightly produced medi-

ally. -Male valve concealed, plates a little

longer than basal width, exceeded by pygo-

fers, which are tapered to acutely pointed

apexes, slightly concave on caudoventral

margin. Aedeagus, rig. 192, short, in ventral

view roundedly broadened before con-

stricted apex, which bears a pair of bifur-

cate lateral processes, the inner branch of

each longer than outer branch.

This species has been collected in the tall

grasses in the marsh habitats of the Chi-

cago area. It is recorded from Florida.

Alabama, Texas, and Kansas.

Illinois Records.—E\ ercreen P.ark :

Aug. 2.?, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 2 9 ; July

1, 19,^5, DeLong & Ross, 7 i , 1 9 . Su.mmit:

July 17, 1936, DeLong & Ross, U, 59 ;

Aug. 21. 1936, DeLong & Ross, 29.

35. DORYDIELLA Baker

UorydirUa Baker (1897, p. 159).

Fig. 183. Vertex produced, roundedly

angulate, foliaceous and upturned at apex
;

ocelli on margin next to the eyes. Head
depressed, longer than pronotum. Elytra

long, with apexes acutely angled, each with

four apical cells and two anteapicals ; each

clavus with two longitudinal veins.

Two species have been described or placed

in this genus.

1. Dorydiflld kiiiisana Beanie

r

DiiryJii'llii Itunsana Heamer (1945, p. 48).

Length 8 mm. Large, yellowish, with

bniwn markings, superficially resembling a

Paraphlepsius such as ramosus. Vertex Hat,

margin foliaceous and with brown spots.

I'ace irroratc. Pronotum with brown longi-
tudinal striae. Elytra long, apexes acutely
angled; ramose pigmented lines arranged
longitudinally between the veins; a brown
spot at apex of each elytron.

I'emale seventh sternite with three short
rather broad V-shaped notches on the pos-

terior margin and appearing serrate. Male
plates triangular, pointed, almost as long
as combined basal width. The nymphs have
a long flat vertex similar to that of Doiy-
ciphaliis adults, but during development to

maturity this becomes shorter and forms a

rather broad roundedly angled vertex.

The species has been found abundantly
at the margins of lagoons along the shores

of the Great Lakes, where it lives in the

Srleria-Eltocharis association. It also occurs
on small plants in the fresh-water marsh
but less abundantly.

Illinois Records.

—

Princeton: swamp,
July 7, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 4 nymphs.
Sh.awneetown: June 27, 1936, DeLong &
Mohr, 2 nymphs. Waukegan : Aug. 5,

1935, Ross & DeLong, 13, 29. Zion:
July 25, 1934, Frison & DeLong, 1 i .

36. DICYPHONIA Bail

UUypliDnia Ball (iyoo«, p. 69).

(jeneral form of Parabolocratus ; vertex

narrower, shorter, and more angular than

in Hecalus. Disc of vertex concave, margins

sharp, slightly foliaceous. Ocelli on margin

close to eyes. Pronotum as wide as head

across eyes and broadly rounded anteriorly.

Five species belonging to this genus are

now listed for North America by Beamer
(1936a); none of these has been collected

in Illinois. In view of its known distribu-

tion, orniita may be found in the western

portion of the state. All live species are ap-

parently western in distribution.

1. Dicyphonia ornuta (Baker)

Plalymctopius urnalus Baker (1900//, p. 49).

D'uyltlhinia ramfiitiisit Ball (1900a, p. 69).

Fig. 188. Length 5.25 mm. Yellowish,

with produced vertex, rounded at apex and

three-fourths as wide between eyes as

median length. Vertex- with a pair of dark

spots behind apex, these usually fused; pos-

terior to this are three abbreviated trans-

verse bands, which are fused medially so as



178 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2

to form a broad irregularly outlined longi-

tudinal band. Pronotuni with two short

transverse bars anteriorly, and irregular

(lark markings on lateral portions. Elytra

smoky on posterior portion, each with white

spots. Male plates small, each broad at base,

suddenly narrowed beyond middle into

slender acute apex.

This species has been collected in Kansas,

Colorado, and Utah.

Subfamily APHRODINAE

Although the genera of this group vary

considerably in size and shape, all have the

ocelli distant from eyes, and, except in

Xestoci'plialus, the ocelli are just above the

margin of the vertex. Four genera are

recorded in this subfamily for the United

States, and three of these have been taken

in Illinois.

Kev to Genera

1. Vertex rather flat, with acute margin
forming definite limitations of vertex

and front, fig. 32 2

Vertex sloping and rounding to front, with
thick margin, or without definite mar-
gin, fig. 197 3

2. Vertex transversely striate behind front

margin between each eye and ocellus;

length 5.0 to 6.0 mm
37. Stroggylocephalus

Vertex granulate behind front margin be-

tween each eye and ocellus; length 3.0

to 4.5 mm. Females of. . .38. Aphrodes
3. Vertex nearly evenly rounded to front,

with each ocellus about midway be-

tween eye and apex of vertex, fig. 197;

pronotum extremely, finely, transversely
wrinkled 40. Xestocephalus

Vertex more flattened and distinctly

angled with front, as in fig. 32; pronotum
conspicuously, transversely wrinkled . .

4

4. Each ocellus close to eye, about one-fourth
distance between it and apex of vertex;
width of vertex about one and one-half
times its length, fig. 198

39. Memnonia
Each ocellus about one-half distance be-

tween eye and apex of vertex; width of
vertex nearly twice its length. Males
of 38. Aphrodes

37. STROGGYLOCEPHALUS Flor

Strngyylucephalus Flor (1861, p. 210).

Vertex produced, obtusely angled, trans-

versely striate in front. Margin foliaceous,

ocelli close to front margin. Elytra coria-

ceous, each narrowly rounded at apex,

coarsely punctate, appendix absent.

Only one northern species of this genus

is known to occur in the United States.

1. Stroggylocephalus agrestis (Fallen)

Cicada agrestis Fallen (1806, p. 23).
I'lltigonia mixta Say (1825, p. 341).

Length 6-7 mm. Grayish yellow to dark

brown, frons black, finely irrorate with pale

brown. V'erte.x striate in front, smooth at

base. Pronotum transversely striate. Ely-

tra with the inner margins, bars and spots

along nervures, and 12 or more spots on

each costa brown or blackish. The female

is usually paler than male and with fewer

markings. Female seventh sternite concave,

notched at middle.

This species occurs in moist grassy areas

from New York to Colorado.

Illinois Records.

—

Normal: March 27,

1884, 29. Cary: grassy marsh, Nov. 26,

1946, Ross & Burks, IS , 12.

38. APHRODES Curtis

Aphrodes Curtis (1833, p. 195).

Acucepliatus Germar (1833, p. 181).

F/ioletaera Zetterstedt (1838, col. 288).

Anoscopus Kirschbaum (1858i, p. 357).

Fig. 32. Vertex obtusely angular, pro-

duced, in female usually tricarinate. Ocelli

on front margin a little nearer the eyes than

the apex.

Five species of this genus occur in the

United States, all eastern in distribution.

One species is known from Illinois.

1. Aphrodes albifrons (Linnaeus)

Cicada albifrons Linnaeus (1758, p. 437).
Cicada nitidula Donovan (1799, p. 87, pi. 288,

fig. 1).

Aphrodes concinna Curtis (1837, pi. 633).

Aphrodes tcstudo Curtis (1837, pi. 633).

Pholetaera nigropunctata Zetterstedt (1838,

col. 288).
Pholetaera livens Zetterstedt (1838, col. 288).

Acucephalus interruptus Scott (1873, p. 264).

Acucephalus polystolus Scott (1873, p. 265).

Acucephalus circiimflexiis Provancher (1889,

p. 282).

Length 3-4 mm. Rather small, variable

in color, yellowish to brown, front pale.

Female usually irrorate with black or

brown; male with white spots on elytra,

often in the form of large blotches or trans-

verse bands. In the male, the elytra are

usually shorter, exposing the tip of the abdo-

men.

Female seventh sternite with posterior



Ju,u-. VMS DeLong: Leafhoppers of Ilt.inois 179

margin broadly and angularly emarginate

to a central short U-shaped notch. Male
plates more than twice as long as basal

width, convexly narrowed on inner margins

to bluntly pointed apexes; inner margins

contiguous, outer margins straight, causing

plates to bend to a vertical position at

apexes.

I'his species ranges from New \ ork to

Wisconsin. It has an unusual habit for a

member of the leafhopper group. Normally
subterranean, it feeds for the most part

upon grass roots. However, it has been

swept from vegetation. Its distribution may
be much wider than the records indicate.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 9 to August 28, are from
Algonquin, Apple River Canyon State Park,

Chicago, Dolson, Kankakee, Mokena, St.

Joseph, Starveii Rock State Park, Sun Lake,

Urbana, and ^Vaukegan.

39. MEMNONIA Ball

Memnonia Ball (1900a, p. 66).

Fig. 198. In general form similar to

Aphrodes, and with a convex sloping vertex,

which has a rather thick margin. Ocelli on

margin, distant from the eye. Face form-

ing an acute angle with the vertex. Prono-

tum as long as vertex, strongly and trans-

versely wrinkled. Macropterous and bra-

chypterous forms.

Five species of this genus are listed for

North America, but none of these has been

taken in Illinois. Since two of them occur

ill the states just west of Illinois, and they

are short grass species, it is possible they

may be collected at some future time in

Illinois.

1. Memnonia consobrina Ball

Mimnonia consobrina Ball (1900a, p. 66).

Length of male 3.0 mm., female 4.0-4.23

mm. Resembling Aphrodes in general form
and appearance. Vertex roundedly pro-

duced, twice as wide between eyes as median

length in female; vertex more pointed in

male. Both macropterous and brachypter-

ous forms are known. Female with vertex,

pronotum, and scutellum green or yellowish

green, elytra brownish or dark green, with

nervures brown; face black to green, abdo-

men black. Male shiny black, eyes pale;

elytra each with three or four white spots in

a row across anteapical cells.

197 198

Fiji. 197.

—

Xfslocepliidiis piduariiis. hili-i al

aspect of head and th()ra.\.

Fi^. 198.

—

Mimnonia mnsohrina. ddrsal as-

pect of head and thorax.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin shallowly emarginate, bearing a

median blunt tooth. Male valve scarcely

visible. Plates only about half as wide at

base as preceding segment, about three times

as long as basal width, narrowed to acute

tips.

This is a grass-feeding species that occurs

on the prairie. It has been found abundantly

in Colorado and Nebraska.

40. XESTOCEPHALUS Van Du/.ee

Xeslocrphalus Van Duzee (189+i, pp. 197, 214).

I'ig. 197. General form ovate, head nar-

rower than pronotum, subconical, vertex

convex, sloping. Ocelli on anterior margin,

distant from eyes. Antennae close to eyes.

Elytra appearing rugose, without appendix,

and with several apical areolate spots.

All of the species are small, usually not

exceeding 4 mm. With few exceptions they

are similar in color, and the genital struc-

tures of all the species are quite similar for

either sex. As a result they are ilifHcult to

separate.

Peters (19.^.?) and Knull (1944) record

14 species in this genus for the United

States, most of which are found in the East.

Four species have been collected in llliriois,

and at least two others may occur here.

Kev to Species

1. Vertex with distinct markings in the form
of lines or spots .2

Vertex without distinct markings, with

areas of uniform coloration 3

2. Pronotum brown, with a broad white

transverse band on posterior half, fig.

199 1. coronatus
Pronotum brown, marked with pale spots,

without transverse hand
2. pulicarius

3. Length 4.0 mm.; black in color

3. piceus



180 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Id. 24, Art. 2

I.ensith not exceeding 3.75 mm.; brown or separated sirnilis from piiUcarius on the

'''"^'^
, . .; basis of a hooked process on the heel of the

4- B'^'^^ '" ^l""- *• n'S"f'-°«?
foot-shaped terminus of the style. In theBrown in color i

. , ,,,•

5. Vertex pale brown; elytra brown, with a present series of Illinois material, there are

few hyaline markings near apexes. all gradations of this process from the proc-
I.ength about 2 mrn 5. brunneus p^j, ;„ ^^e form he has designated as Puli-

Vertex pale brown, otten with raint mark- ^ ^u ^ r j j l
ings. Length 3 mm. or more """" ^° '^e strongly produced process he

6. superbus illustrated for sirnilis. If sirnilis is a distinct

form, the character of the style cannot ade-

1. Xestocephalus coronatus Osborn quately be used for the separation of these

0, u 11 species. It is the writer's opinion that pidi-

cariiis is a species with a great number of

Xestocephalus loronatus Osborn k Ball (1897, color variations that cannot be separated

P- •o'*^)- from one another by structural characters.

Fig. 199. Length 2.5-3.0 mm. Vertex This is the most common species of the

roundedly produced, about half as long as genus in Illinois and occurs on herbaceous

basal width between the eyes. Color white,

with a large brown spot encircling each

ocellus and extending two-thirds the length

of vertex, leaving a median white longi-

tudinal area, which is slightly divided by a

brownish crossband back of apex. Face

pale brown. Pronotum one-third longer

than vertex, dark brown, with a broad white

transverse band on posterior half. Scutel-

lum brown, apical half paler. Elytra brown,

each with paler areas, especially on the

apical third; portions of veins on clavus

and corium white.

This species is recorded from Iowa, Ne-
braska, and Wisconsin. Although only one

specimen has been taken in Illinois, the

species undoubtedly has a wider distribu-

tion in the state than this single collection

indicates.

Illinois Record.

—

Marshall: Sept. 27,

1934, Frison & Ross, 1 9.

Fig. 199.

—

Xestocephatus

Osborn.)

(From

2. Xestocephalus pulicarius Van Duzee

Xestocephalus pulicarius Van Duzee (1894/',

pp. 197, 215).

Length 2.5-3.0 mm. Small, brown, with

distinct and conspicuous pale markings.

Vertex rounded, with fulvous apex; a

yellow line next to each eye extending to-

ward apex, and a yellow line on posterior

margin from which two lines extend for-

ward and curve on disc; pronotum as long

as vertex. Elytra marked with many white
spots. Female seventh sternite emarginate,

with a slightly produced lobe on either side.

Male plates tapered beyond the middle to

obtuse apexes.

Peters (1933) separated and described

several new species of Xestocephalus. He

vegetation, especially at the edge of wood-

land or in open wooded areas. It ranges

from the eastern United States west to

Utah.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken March to November 13, are

from Adair, Albion, Algonquin, Apple River

Canyon State Park, Cave in Rock, Cham-
paign, Clayton, Danville, Dolson, Dongola,

Dubois, Fulton, Geff, Grand Detour,

Havana, Herod, Hopedale, Horseshoe

Lake, Kankakee, Karnak, La Grange, Mar-
shall, Muncie, Oak Lawn, Oakwood, Olive

Branch, Oquawka, Palos Park, Pere Mar-
quette State Park, Pike, Pittsfield, Putnam,

Rock Island, St. Anne, Sugar Grove, Tem-
ple Hill, Thebes, Urbana, Vienna, Volo,

White Heath, White Pines Forest State

Park, and Wilmington.

3. Xestocephalus piceus Osborn

Xestocephalus piceus Osborn (1928, p. 244).

Length 4 mm. Mostly black, with apex

of vertex and upper part of face dark

brown; elytra with paler spots on each



June. VMS DeLoNO : [yEAFHOPI'ERS OF ILLINOIS 181

costa near apex. Vertex about twice as

long at middle as length next to eyes. Geni-

talia not differing from those of other spe-

cies in the genus. Pronotum a little longer

than vertex.

This species occurs in southern Ohio and

may be taken in Illinois in future collec-

tions.

4. Xestocephatiis tiigtifrons Osborn

Xestuccphalus nigrifrons Osborn (1915, p.

109).

Length ?• mm. Mostly black, as in piceus,

but with a black face and smaller in size.

This species may be only a very dark form

of pul'uiirius, which is quite variable in color

pattern. Although niijrijroiis has not been

collected in Illinois, specimens that are con-

sidered as nit/rifro/is have been found in

Tennessee, and other specimens of this spe-

cies might possibly be taken at some time

in the southern portion of Illinois. It is also

recorded fr(jni Maine.

5. Xestocephalus hrunneus Van Duzee

Xestutfplialiis hninneiis Van Duzee (1907, p.

62).

Length 2 mm. Small, pale brown, with-

out markings on the vertex. Vertex short,

rounded, less produced than in puUcarius.

Pronotum pale brown behind eyes. Each

elytron dark at base, without spots, apical

half paler, with spotted areas; quadrate

spot on middle of costa, a smaller and

darker one beyond this, and the apex broadly

darker; two pale spots beyond the clavus

along the sutural margin. Male genitalia

similar in structure to those of other species

of the genus.

Specimens that are identified as of this

species have been taken in Illinois from her-

baceous vegetation. The range of this spe-

cies is in the eastern United States.

Illinois Records.

—

Apple River Can-
yon St.ate Park: July II, 19.U, DeLong
& Ross, 1 5 ; June 29, 1935, DeLong &
Ross, 49. Eichorn: May 11, 1935, Mohr,

4(5, 29. Gr.afton : along river, June 26,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 19. Springfield:

June 12, 1935, DeLong & Mohr, 2$, 29.
Urbana: June 20, 1915, 1 9 ; June 2, 1916,

\i June 17, 1916, 4^ ; Sept. 12, 1934.

Rice. 1 i . Vienna: June 14, 1934. DeLong
& Ross, 4 9 .

6. Xestocephalus superhus (Provancher)

Deltoieplialiis superhus Provancher (1890, p.

339).

Xestocephalus julvocapilalus Van Du/ce
(1894*, pp. 197, 215).

Length 3.5 mm. Pale yellowish to brown-
ish, with faint markings on the head, median
longitudinal line paler than remainder of

head. Pronotum light brown, with numer-
ous white spots. Scutellum with darker

basal angles. Elytra light brown, with

darker spots on apical and costal areas, each

with two pale spots on claval suture. Geni-

tal characters not different from those of

other species of the genus.

This species, common in Illinois on herba-

ceous growth in open wooded areas, is dis-

tributed through the eastern states.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May 8 to October 2, are from Ald-

ridge, Algonquin, Danville, Dolson, Don-
gola, Dubois, Elizabethtown, Goreville,

Hopcdale, Marshall, Oak Lawn, Savanna,

Urbana, and Wilmington.

Subfamily .\THYSANINAE

All the members of this group have the

ocelli on or very near the front margin of

the vertex and close to the eyes. The length

and degree of thickness of the margin vary

greatly among the genera.

This subfamily contains about 90 genera

in the Nearctic region, and it is the largest

group in the Cicadelliilae. Sixty-two genera

are treated in this report.

Key to Genera

1. Gena visible behind or below eve from

dorsal view, fig. 200 2

Gena not visible behind eye from dorsal

view, as in fig. 201 4

2. F.lytra each with one cross nervure be-

tween first and second sectors; only two

veinlets reaching costal margin, fig. 211

47. Japananus
F.lytra each with two cross nervures be-

tween first and second sectors, as in

fig. 214; numerous veinlets reaching

costal margin -3

.1. Pale brown, with a broad pale yellowish

longitudinal stripe extending from apex

of vertex to apex of clavus; male aedc-

agus, fig. 241, without a pair of long

slender processes 48. Scapliytopius

Brown or black, without a longitudmal

yellow stripe from vertex to clavus;

male aedeagus, figs. 300-325, with a

dorsal process and a pair of long slender

processes 49- Cloanthanus



182 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin l'ol.24,Art.2

207 208 209

Athysaiiinae heads and pronota

210

Fig. 200.

—

Clotinlhanns ciiprrsccns.

FijJ. 201.

—

R/'m aliosus jnuf/nus.

Fig. 202.

—

Tropicanus costomacidatus.

Fig. 203.

—

Lotiatiirii latalina.

Fig. 204.

—

Chlorotcttix unicolor.

Fig. 210.

Fig. 205.

—

Acurhinus pyrops.

Fig. 206.

—

Limotrttix divaricatus.

Fig. 207.

—

Atanus perspicillalus.

Fig. 208.—A mplirrp/jtilus estacadus.

Fig. 209.

—

Thamnolettix simplex.

Gillrttiella airiipuncta.

4. Clypeus broadest at apex and constricted

at base or broadly constricted at middle,
as in fig. 231.1? 6

Clypeus usually parallel sided, or nar-
rowed at apex, not broadest at apex, as

in fig. 232.^ 5

5. Elytra very short, exposing at least five

abdominal segments, as in fig. 403;
veins of each elytron, if not obscured,
reaching apex or only rarely with short
cells at apex of elytron, as in fins. 237C,
238C ":

18

Elytra long, usually covering abdomen;
at least one larger closed cell before
apex of each elytron 35

6. Costal margin of each elytron evenly
rounded to the straight inner margin so
that apex appears pointed, fig. 212 . . ,

89. Acinopterus
Apex of each elytron rounded, not pointed

7

7. Elytra marked with ramose pigment lines

or vermiculate lines or merging spots

or dots, as in fig. 217 8

Elytra with various color markings but

without ramose or vermiculate pigment
markings 14

8. Markings on elytra in the form of a saddle

or broken band, fig. 229; vertex short,

with an impressed transverse furrow

just back of anterior margin
82. Norvellina

Elytra without saddle markings, or vertex

without a transverse furrow 9

9. Vertex parallel margined and about four

times as wide as median length, fig.

201 83. Remadosus
Vertex longer at middle than next to eyes,

fig. 202, and not more than three times

as wide as long '0

10. Head at least as wide as pronotum 11

Head narrower than pronotum. ... 12
^



June. 194S DeLong : Leafhoim'ers of Illinois 18,?

225 226 227 228 2

Athysaninae elytra. Abbreviation: "p" = postnodai cell.

5. 211.—Japananus liyalinus.

6. 212.—Aitnopterus iti uminiitiis.

^. 213.

—

Davisonia major.

i.. 214.—.-lliffia mndcsla.

S. 215.—Presiollia lohata.

i. 216.—Exilianus obscurinrr^is.

A- 217.—fariiphtrpsius tenessa.

A. 218.—liiinjura jolinsnni.

t. 219.—Meniisiima cincla.

g. 220.—Arundanus propriiis.

Fig



184 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J ol. 24, Art. 2

23IA 232A 233 A

234B

236 B 239 D 240 D

Athysaninae. A, face; B, seventh sternite of female; C, elytron; D, lateral aspect of

head and thorax.

Fig. 231.—Paral'lilcpslus optaius.

Fig. 232.—Flrxamia inflata.

Fig. 233.

—

Gillrtliella atropuiicta.

Fig. 234.

—

Coltadonus flilellarius.

Fig. 235.—Idiodonus kennicotti.

Fig. 236.—I'sammotrltlx sirialus.

Fig. 237.

—

Athysanella acuticauda.

Fig. 238.

—

Lonalura catalina.

Fig. 2i9.—Flrheriella florii

Fig. 240.—Doiatura stylata.

11. Lateral margins of pronotum very short,
eyes extending back almost to base of
elytra, fig. 202 84. Tropicanus

Lateral margins of pronotum longer, eyes
distinctly separated from base of elytra,
figs. 422, 423 85. Paraphlepsius

12. Vertex with two large black spots on
margin. Male plates, fig. 242, deeply
notched on outer margins. •.

79. Orientus
Vertex without marginal spots; male

plates not notched on outer margins, . ,

13

13. Head about three-fourths as wide as pro-

notum. Anterolateral margin of pro-

notum strongly sloping to eyes. Elytra

decidedly elongate. Male pygofers

each with a pronounced rounded apical

lobe. Female seventh sternite truncate,

with a median narrow incision, figs.

429-432 87. lowanus
Head only slightly narrower than pro-

notum; anterolateral margin of pro-

notum less sloping to eyes, as in fig. 422.

Elytra rather short and broad. Male
pygofers without apical rounded lobes,



June. 1948 DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 185

tig. 428. Fem.ile seventh sternite ex-
cavated or broadly notched, tii;. 428. .

86. Texananus
14. Claval veins of each elytron ohlic|uely

anyled with commissural margin, as in

fig. 423 22
Claval veins of each elytron bent so as to

meet commissural margin at right angle,
fig. 215. ."

:i5
15. f'.lytron with supernumerary veinlets along

claval suture, fig. 215 44. Pre.scottia
I'.lytron without supernumerary veinlets

along claval suture, fig. 228 16

1(>. .Male plates long and attenuated, figs.
280-286; one or two veinlets arising
from outer anteapical cell and reaching
costal margin

43. Osbornellus
.Male plates variable, not attenuated; two

to tour veinlets arising from outer an-
teapical cell, fig. 228 ~

17
17. .Male plates, fig. 246, gradually tapered to

bluntly pointed apexes, almost as long
as pygofers, and reaching to tip of an,al
tube. . . .

*

42. I.onenus

247 B

.\thysani[iae male genitalia. .7, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect.

Fi^. 241.—Snip/iylij/'itii eli'ijiiiis

Fi^. 242.—Orientus isliidar.

Fig. 2Ai.—Firhnifll<i florii.

Fig. 244.—/'«/,/./« m,//«.

Fig. 245.—Macrostelcs divisus.

drawn after Dorst.)

Fig. 246.—I.onenus inlriiatus.

Fig. 247.—Doleranus vividus.

(Re-



186 Illinois Natural History Survry Bulletin J' ol. 24, Art. 2

Male plates, figs. 248-279, much shorter,

not reaching anal tube
41. Scaphoideus

IS. Vertex very narrow and conical, one and
one-third times as long as width be-

tween eyes, fig. 210; antennal fossa

touching eve, fig. 233//

66. Gillettiella

\'ertex equal to or less than width between
eyes, as in fig. 209 19

19. .'\nterior margin of vertex sharply angled

with front, the apex slightly turned up,

fig. 240D 69. Doratura
.'\nterior margin of vertex bluntly angled

or rounded to front 20
20. Wing veins usually indistinct 21

Five distinct veins, an outer one forked

near middle, fig. 237C
71. Athysanella

21. Color uniformly straw yellow; antennal
fossa touching eye or extremely close,

as in fig. 233//; vertex conical, fig. 203. .

56. Lonatura
Body black or bicolored; antennal fossa

separated from eye by at least half its

.width; vertex evenly rounded, fig. 403
70. Driotura

22. Dark straw colored above, the entire

dorsum covered with many very small

brown dots; outer anteapical cell, fig.

223, divided, with one to three cross-

veins reaching costal margin from an-

terior cell; front margin of vertex thin

and sharply angulate, fig. 239D
88. Fieberiella

Color variable but without small brown
dots; outer anteapical cell usually en-

tire, as in fig. 218 23

23. Four or more crossveins reaching costal

margin from outer anteapical cell and
outer branch of the first sector, figs. 214,

295 24
Two crossveins reaching costal margin

from outer anteapical cell and none
from outer branch of first sector, as in

fig. 218 27
24. Margin of vertex acutely angled with front

. . , 25

Margin of vertex obtusely angled with
front 26

25. Vertex narrowly and transversely de-

pressed behind anterior margin; numer-
ous crossveins on discs of elytra next to

each claval vein, fig. 295
80. Mesamia

Disc of vertex flat, slightly depressed but
not narrowed behind margin, fig. 298;
elytra without crossveins next to each
claval vein 46. Platymetopius

26. Costal veins conspicuously expanded on
margin, fig. 219 78. Menosoma

Costal veins even in width, scarcely at all

expanded on margin, fig. 214
81. Aligia

27. Vertex nearly acutely angled with front

and with a slight transverse depression
behind apex 28

Vertex more bluntly angled with front
and without depression behind apex, . .

29
28. Vertex finely and longitudinally striate;

29

30

32

33

pronotum finely and transversely striate

91. Eutettix
Vertex and pronotum smooth and without

striae 90. Bandara
.'iide of pronotum behind eye extremely

narrow, fig. 207 94. Atanus
Side of pronotum behind eye at least as

wide as jiosterior tibia at base, fig. 204

^
.30

Width of vertex more than twice its median
length, fig. 204, and generally more
rounded to front 31

Width of vertex not more than twice its

median length, fig. 463, and generally

more flattened and angulate with front

^
33

31. Color generally uniformly green or straw
yellow, and not sharply contrasting on
dorsum or with dark spots on vertex. . .

92. Chlorotettix
Colors usually sharply contrasting, or

nearly uniformly dark brown, with dark
spots on vertex 32

Female seventh sternite, fig. 234S, ex-

cavated, with a long spatulate process

at middle of excavation; elytra dark
brown, with a yellow saddle spot on
each clavus, fig. 465 (Illinois species)..

' 99. Colladonus
Female seventh sternite, fig. 235fi, pro-

duced on posterior margin and with a

slight median incision; elytra variously

colored 98. Idiodonus
Anterior margin of vertex with black spots

or bands, figs. 462, 463. , , .96. Cicadula
Margin of vertex without black spots or

bands 34 .

34. Male plates, fig. 244, each with dorsal

blunt spine on apical half; each pygofer
terminating in a bladelike process as

long as basal portion 97. Paluda
Male plates each without dorsal spine,

as in fig. 247; each pygofer rounded or

angled 35
Seventh sternite of female deeply and

sinuately emarginate; outer margin of

male plate, fig. 247, sinuate before apex
93. Doleranus

Seventh sternite of female slightly emargi-
nate or a little produced; outer margin
of male plate, fig. 461, evenly curved to

apex 95. Elymana
.'\t least pronotum and elytra entirely

black; outline of veins indistinct on
discs of elytra 37

Pronotum and elytra not entirely black;

outline of veins usually distinct 38

Vertex bluntly angled; head wider than
pronotum, fig. 409 74. Ophiola

Vertex almost evenly rounded; head and
pronotum subequal in width, fig. 403..

70. Driotura
Color pale green, with a large isolated

dark spot in middle of each elytron. . . .

51. Flexatnia
Color variable and without isolated black

spot 39
39. F.lytra with a large irregular brown X-

shaped mark, the lower arms joined on
suture by an irregular band

45. Sanctanus

35

36

37

38



June. 194S DeLon'g: Leafhoppers of Illinois 187

Klytra without X-shaped mark 40
40. Elytra milky white, with three complete

brown to black cross bands, one at base,
a median hand, and a subapical one,
fig. 225 64. Unoka

Klvtra with not more than two cross bands

,
-

_
^ 41

41. I'ronotum with tour or six longitudinal
dark stripes, the median pair continued
on the pronotum, as in fig. 401 42

Pronotum without stripes continued on
pronotum 43

42. \'ertex longer than wide and with two
longitudinal stripes anterior to median
pronotal pair, fig. 327 51. Flexamia

\ertex wider than long, with two rounded
spots anterior to median pair of pronotal
stripes, figs. 392, 394 . 68. Commellus

43. Dorsum with a single broken longitudinal
dark hand extending from apex of vertex
to apex of clavus; entire end of each ely-
tron with wide appendix 51. Flexamia

Dorsum without a single median band;
each elytron with appendix variable 44

44. Inner sector of each elytron not forked and
with onlv two anteapical cells, fig. 213

^.
. . 68

Inner sector of each elytron twice forked,
forming three anteapical cells, as in

fig. 227 45
45. Klytra each with two or more crossveins

between first and second sectors, as in

,
fig. 224. .. . 46

Klytra each with not more than one cross-
vein between first and second sectors,
as in fig. 216 59

46. Vertex tully twice as long as wide and de-
pressed on each side of apex below
margin, fig. 205 50. Acurhinus

Vertex much less than twice as long as
wide and convex on each side of apex
below margin 47

47. Usually four to eight crossveins on each
clavus, as in fig. 226 48

Usually not more than one to three cross-
veins on each clavus 49

48. Length usually exceeding 4 mm.; vertex
about one and one-half times as wide as
long, fig. 208 60. Amplicephalus

Length usually less than 3 mm.; median
length of vertex and width subequal,

54. Polyamia
49. Central anteapical cell divided, fig. 220;

apical cells sometimes very short 50
Central anteapical cell not divided, fig.

224; apical cells usually longer 52
50. Inner apical cell of each elytron with a

dark spot inside the posterior angle,
fig. 221 53. Paius

Inner apical cell of each elytron without a
spot inside posterior angle, although
veins mav be marked with fuscous, fig.

220..,, 51
51. Length usually 4 mm. or more; disc of

vertex flat or even slightly depressed.
61. .\rundanus

Length usually less than 3 mm.; disc of
vertex convex 55. Deltocephalus

32. Costal region of each elytron with strongly
rcflexed veins arising from outer an-
teapical cell and reaching costal mar-

53,

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

hO.

61.

gin, fig. 224; head with a small de-
pression behind apex 51. Flexamia

Costal veins usually at most only slightly
angulate forward from outer anteapical
cell, fig. 221; head without depression
behind apex, although it may be some-
what flattened between eyes 53

Color above uniformly straw yellow, or-
iinge, or brown, and without markings,
fig- 203 56. Lonatura

Color variable but always with additional
markings on head, pronotum, or elytra

, • : 54
Inner apical cell of each elytron with a dis-

tinct dark spot inside posterior angle,
fig. 221; vertex usually with a pair' of
longitudinal broken stripes, figs. 345-
347; usually a dark spot on margin of
elytron in front of costal veinlets

53. Palu.s
Without dark spot inside posterior angle

of inner apical cell, although cell often
margined with fuscous; head may be
marked but without longitudinal stripes

55
.Appendix of each elytron very narrow and

extending only slightly beyond posterior
angle of inner apical cell, fig. 222; elytra
usually broader at or near apex of each
clavus 52. Latulus

.Appendix of each elytron broader and ex-
tending at least to middle of apical cell,

as in fig. 227; elytra usually more slender
and not broader near apex of each clavus

, ;
56

Veins of elytra, especially in apical region
and on each clavus, heavily and nearly
uniformly margined with black or
brown, fig. 227 57. Hebecephalu.s

Veins of elytra unmargined with black or
brown, or only irregularly so 57

Vertex bluntly angled and slightly con-
vex, fig. 368 55. Deltocephalus

Vertex generally more acutely angled, and
flat or even a little depressed 58

Male plates, figs. 378-385, decidedly larger

than valve; female seventh sternite,

fig. 386, notched, produced, or with
teeth, not simple on posterior margin .

58. Laevicephalus
Male plates, figs. 387, 388, short, smaller

than valve; female seventh sternite, fig.

lihR, usually broadly and concavely
rounded 59. Psammotettix

-Appendix of each elytron extending broad-

ly around entire apex, fig. 216
72. Exitianus

.Appendix, if present, not extending beyond
middle of apex of elvtron, as in fig. 230. .

' 60
Vertex short and broad, very little longer

at middle than next to eyes, and less

than one-half its width between eyes,

fig. 206 61

X'ertex angulate, conspicuously longer at

middle than next to eyes, and equal to

or more than one-half its width be-

tween eyes, fig. 399 62
Color bright green; elytra with white

areolar spots; vertex unmarked
75. Opsius



188 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Jol. 24, Art. 2

Color more yellowish or dull green to

brown; vertex with a transverse hrown
band, fig. 206 76. Limotettix

62. Vertex longer than or equal in length to

width between eyes, as in fig. 395 . . . 63

Vertex distinctly shorter than width be-

tween eyes, as in fig. 397 64
63. .^t least some of apical wing veins brown;

head equal in width to or slightly nar-

rower than pronotum, figs. 395, 396. .

67. Stirellus

Veins uniformly yellow or greenish; head
distinctly wider than pronotum

65. Unerus
64. Pronotum with a very distinct shiny black

transverse band on basal half behind
head, fig. 397 63. Amblysellus

Pronotum without distinct band, although
often with faint to distinct transverse
lines 65

65. Color above uniformly pale green; vertex
with four black spots, in addition to

dark ocelli, close to front margin, fig.

391 62. Graminella
Color usually some shade of brown or

straw yellow and sometimes with faint

to distinct transverse bands or lines on
vertex 66

66. Vertex uniformly yellowish and with a

narrow dark band behind front margin
reaching from eye to eye, fig. 208

60. Amplicephalus
Vertex marked or unmarked but without

narrow band behind front margin, . , .67
67. Vertex and pronotum with Irregular or

sinuate transverse black to dark brown
lines, fig. 409 .74. Ophiola

Vertex and pronotum sometimes obscurely
marked with darker spots but without
transverse lines 68

68. Vertex distinctly angled and twice as long
at middle as length next to eyes, fig.

209; body slender, more than three
times as long as wide; elytra covering
abdomen 77. Thatnnotettix

Vertex more bluntly angled and at middle,
not more than one and three-fourths
times length next to eyes, fig. 405; body
usually broad, less than three times as
long as wide; elytra often short, expos-
ing apex of abdomen 73. Euscelis

69. Vertex sharply angulate and much longer
than width between eyes; each eye
longer than distance between eyes, fig.

210; appendix of each elytron extend-
ing completely around apex

66. Gillettiella
Vertex usually more bluntly angulate to

evenly rounded and never more than
width between eyes, as in figs. 466, 472;
appendix of each elytron not reaching
beyond apical cell 70

70. Vertex longer at middle than next to eyes,
figs. 472-477 71

Vertex almost parallel margined, figs. 466-
468 100. Davisonia

71. Ovipositor greatly extending beyond py-
gofers; each male pygofer without notch
or process on posterior margin
•. • 71. Athysanella

Ovipositor extending only to apex of each
pygofer; male pygofer with notch or

process on posterior margin, as in fig.

245/? 72
72. F.ach male pygofer faintly notched on

posterior margin 101. Sonronius
Each male pygofer with a small finger-like

process on posterior margin, fig. 245fl. .

102. Macrosteles

41. SCAPHOIDEUS Uhler

Scaplioiiieus Uhler (1889, p. 33).

Fit;. 228. Verte.x produced, triangular,

Hat above, bluntly angled. Outer anteapical

cell of each elytron oblique, the basal por-

tion of which bears two or three oblique

veinlets to costa. Practically all the species

of the genus have rather conspicuous color

markings. The commissural line is usually

marked with a white stripe, which is vari-

ously broken by dark coloration and in most

species forms a specific recognition color

pattern.

Insofar as records go, the species of the

genus seem to occur frequently upon rank

growing herbaceous vegetation, such as

Solidago and Aster, especially in open wood-

land and similar habitats.

DeLong (1939fl) reviewed the species of

Scaphnidciis and recorded 46 species as oc-

curring in the United States. Nearly all of

these are found in the eastern United States,

and 31 species are known from Illinois.

Key to Species \
1. Males i

Females 33
2. Usually small, narrow, length not exceed-

ing 6 mm. Plates only slightly narrowed
apically, apexes broadly rounded, as in

fig. 248 3

Usually larger, robust, length over 6 mm.
Plates broad at bases, gradually narrowed
to inner margins, apexes bluntly or

sharply angled, as in fig. 271

^
.21

3. Dorsal process of aedeagus in lateral view

with a long slender basal portion, bi-

furcate at apex, as in fig. 250; ventral

portion usually much longer than dorsal

4

Dorsal process of aedeagus shorter, more
inflated or bulbous, usually with a pair

of small terminal processes, as in fig.

257; ventral portion shorter than or

only slightly exceeding dorsal process..

4. Claval areas of elytra brown, almost uni-

colorous, without spots or pale areas,

veins inconspicuous S

Claval areas of elytra spotted or with pale

areas, veins conspicuous 6

5. Aedeagus, fig. 248, in lateral view broad-

ened at apex and directed dorsally
.

31. luteolus

.Aedeagus, fig. 250, narrower, pointed at



June. 194S DeLokg: Leafhoppi-rs of Illinois 189

Figs. 248-262.

—

Seaphnidi-us, male genitalia; both internal and external structures shown.
.-/, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect.



190 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J ol. 24, An. 2

apex and curved slightly ventrally . .

1. tergatus
6. I-'.lytra transversely banded, milky white,

faintly marked with brown almost to

apex of each clavus; dark brownish

band across apex of clavus; apexes of

elytra smoky 29. obtusus
Klytra not distinctly banded, entirely

pale or mottled 7 17.

7. Klytra pale in color, veins dark; dorsal

portion of aedeagus, fig. 249, with a

median tooth between anterior and
posterior terminal processes; ventral

portion of aedeagus in lateral view
broadened on apical half, apex curved
ventrally and pointed 18.

23. cinerosus
I'.lytra dark in color or with dark markings;

dorsal portion of aedeagus without me-
dian apical tooth 8

8. Ventral process of aedeagus narrow, ta- 19.

pered at apex, as in tig. 252 9

Ventral process of aedeagus broader, or

enlarged at apex, or both, as in fig. 254
. , .

,' 10

9. Ventral aedeagus process, fig. 253, narrow
throughout its length, apex gently
curved ventrally 27. immistus

Ventral aedeagus process, fig. 252, en-

larged at base of dorsal process, tapered
to slender apex, which is strongly
curved ventrally 7. camurus 20.

Face pale in color, often marked with dark
arcs above 11

Face black or smoky, bordered with brown
or black, dark arcs sometimes concealed
by coloration, or arcs pale 13

Aedeagus, fig. 254, enlarged just before 21.

bluntly pointed apex 11. auctus
Male aedeagus not enlarged at apex, as in

fig. 255 12 22.

12. Pygofers truncate at apexes; aedeagus, fig.

256, slightly curved downwardly at

apex 6. curvatus
Pygofers rounded at apexes; aedeagus, fig.

255, one-fourth longer, more narrowed
at apex 5. dilatus

Face entirely black, except for a small
white spot just below apex, arcs absent 23.

24. melanotus
Face smoky to brown, with conspicuous

arcs on upper portion 14
14. Elytra rather uniformly dark in color;

scutellum conspicuously pale, dark only 24.
in basal angles 15

Elytra with numerous pale markings or
areas; scutellum with dark markings
other than on basal angles 16

15. Aedeagus, fig. 258, with ventral portion
enlarged at junction of dorsal process
and again at apex, the latter curved 25.
ventrally and bluntly pointed

10. pullus
Ventral portion of aedeagus, fig. 261, al-

most uniform in size throughout, slightly
narrowed on upper surface just before 26.
apex, which is obliquely sloping to
ventral blunt apex 28. sensfbilis

16. Pygofers blunt, broadly rounded; ventral
portion of aedeagus, fig. 262, almost uni-
form in size throughout, apical portion
curved ventrally, apex truncate, with a

10.

II

13

pointed ventral projection
8. flexus

Pygofers more elongate, bluntly pointed;
ventral portion of aedeagus, fig. 260,

narrowed on median half, apex obliquely

sloping, with a pointed tooth on upper
margin and an elongate, more acutely

pointed ventral apex 9. radix
Face black or dark brown, with pale arcs

beneath margin of vertex; dorsal portion

of aedeagus, fig. 257, constricted just

before divergent apical processes

14. nigrellus

Face pale, often conspicuously yellow and
with dark arcs 18

Entire dorsal surface pale; veins dark, a

few dark markings on elytra; apexes of

elytra brown or smoky. . .30. opalinus
Darker in color, brownish or heavily

marked with brown 19

Vertex and scutellum conspicuously light,

faintly marked; elytra dark brown to

black, white commissural spot on each

elytron conspicuous; ventral portion of

aedeagus, fig. 264, very short
4. scelestus

Vertex and scutellum darker or more
heavily marked; commissural spot on

each elytron not conspicuously white;

ventral portion of aedeagus longer, as in

fig. 275 20

Ventral aedeagus process, fig. 275, not as

long as dorsal process; apex of each

pygofer rounded 25. littoralis

Ventral aedeagus process, fig. 265, longer

than dorsal process; apex of each pygofer

more pointed 13. diufius
Orange yellow or orange red in color. . .22

Some shade of brown, marked with dark

brown or black 23

Length not over 5 mm.; vertex almost

uniform orange yellow, without median
transverse band; margin of vertex white,

with a black marginal line above and
another below 12. baculus

Length more than 6 mm.; vertex white

to yellow, with an orange transverse

band 33. ochraceous
Pygofers unusually long, narrowed, and

rather sharply pointed apically, as in

fig. 273 24

Pygofers normally produced, rounded, or

truncated 25

Aedeagus, fig. 276, in ventral view with

broad processes that bear large chelate-

like structures at apexes. . . . 18. chelu,'!

Aedeagus, fig. 273, in ventral view with

processes that taper to form long slender

apically curved structures that cross

each other 16. elongatus

Aedeagus, fig. 270, in lateral view with

basal portion decidedly wider thaii

apical portion 2. frisoni

Aedeagus in lateral view with basal por-

tion not wider than apical portion. . .26

Apical processes of male aedeagus, fig.

267, in ventral view appearing flat,

about the same width throughout, even-

ly curved, rather abruptly narrowed to

pointed apexes 3. nierus

.Vpical processes of male aedeagus in

ventral view unevenly curved or gradu-



Jiin,. 194S DkLonc. : Leafhopfers of Illin- ois 191

31.

Fig. 263.—Scaplwiditis major. A, ventral

aspect, and, B, lateral aspect of male genitalia,

both internal and external structures.

ally tapered to more acutely pointed
apexes 27

27. .Apexes ot ventral processes of aedeagus
in ventral view long, slender, crossing
each other, tips directed laterally, as in

fig. 279 28
.•\pexes of ventral processes of aedeagus

usually blunt, or if acutely pointed they
are directed caudad and not crossed at

apexes, as in fig. 269 30
28. \ ertex bluntly angled, almost rounded,

heavily marked with black; transverse
bands of vertex black . .22. nigricans

\ ertex more strongly produced, marked
with brown; transverse band on vertex
some shade of red or orange 29

29. .Aedeagus, fig. 278, widened near base in

ventral view, gradually tapering to long
slender apex 19. transeus

Hasal two-thirds of aedeagus, fig. 268,
about the same width in ventral view,
apical third gradually tapering

15. torqus
30. .-Xedeagus, fig. 269, with ventral processes

in ventral aspect unevenly curved,
apexes bluntly pointed; male plates
long and narrow .17. cylindratus

Ventral processes of aedeagus rather
evenly curved, apexes acutely pointed;
male plates shorter and broader, as in

fig. 266 31

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

38.

39.

40.

41.

43.

44.

Ventral processes of aedeagus enlarged on
inner margins .about one-third the dis-
tance from their apexes, outer margins

_
straight, as in fig. 277 32

\'entral processes of aedeagus, fig. 266,
not enlarged between base and apex,
apical fourth gradually narrowed and'
curved slightly inwardly to sharply
pointed appressed apexes . .32. minor

Ventral portion of aedeagus, fig. 277, one-
halt longer than connectives; dorsal
aedeagus process broad at base and
with short thick apical portion, which is

rounded at apex and bears a conspicuous
dorsal spine 20. densu.s

N'entral portion of aedeagus, fig. 263, only
slightly longer than connectives; dorsal
aedeagus process semicircular and ta-
pered to apex, which is blunt, slightly
enlarged, and bears a small dorsal spine

21. major
\ ertex orange or with a bright orange

transverse band 34
Vertex brown or marked with brown. . .35
I-ace and vertex almost uniform orange

12. baculus
Vertex pale, with a bright orange trans-

verse band; pronotum and scutellum
mottled with orange .33. ochraceous

Klytra appearing banded, each with an-
terior portion almost to tip of clavus
white, posterior portion dark brown. .

29. obtusus
Klytra not appearing banded 36
Klytra almost plain brown in color, each

with a few pale markings 37
Klytra light in color, or each with numer-
ous pale markings 38

Klytra uniform brown, without dark mark-
ings 31. luteolus

Klytra brown, each with a few dark mark-
ings on clavus 1. tergatus

General appearance light gray or white,
with few dark markings 39

General appearance brown, mottled with
white,

, 40
White, with dark veins and a few dark

spots on elytra

23. cinerosus
White, elytra without dark veins and with

a few pale spots 30. opalinus
Face usually dark brown to black 41
I'ace usually pale, light brown, or dusky. ,

, 43
Vertex sharply pointed, heavily marked

with black, and with a broad black
band 14. nigrellus

\'ertex more bluntly angled, marked with
brown; transverse band brown or
tawny 42

Transverse band of vertex broad, brown
in color 6. curvatus

Transverse band narrow, pale tawny in

color 24. melanotus
Transverse band on vertex usually nar-
row 44

Transverse band on vertex usually broad,
often involving posterior half of vertex

49
I'ace pale yellow; vertex, pronotum, and

scutellum pale; narrow pale band on
vertex 4. scelestus



192 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2

Figs. 264-275.

—

Scaphoidetis, male genitalia; both internal and external structures shown.

A, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect.



June. 104S DeLonc: Leafhoppers of Ii.i.inois 193

I'ace usually pale brown or dusky; pro-

notum or posterior portion ot pronotum
brown 45 50.

45. Length not more than 5.5 mm 46
Length usually 6.0 mm. or more 48
.Anterior half of pronotum usually pale;

band on vertex tawny, appearing to

lack a middle toothlike marking
10. puUus 5L

Pronotum usually brown; vertex band
with a central toothlike marking .47 52.

Vertex band brown 9. radix
X'ertex band tawny ll.auctus
Vertex short, almost rounded at apex,

conspicuously marked with black
22. nigricans

Wrtcx bluntly angled at apex 53.

17. cylindratus, 18. chelus
4^. Length 6.5 to 7.0 mm.; female seventh

sternite produced and angled at middle,

lateral angles absent . .26. productus

46

48

Length smaller, or with lateral angles
conspicuous 50

NLirginal black line above apex of vertex
heavy, usually broken at middle and
intensified either side of break; line

often reduced to spots 51

Marginal line usually narrower, continu-
ous at margin, not heavier at apex. . .54

Length less than 6 mm 52
Length b mm. or more 53
Basal half ot vertex usually brown; elytra

heavily marked with brown
.?2. minor

Basal half of vertex usualh' pale; elytra

with lighter brown markings
19. transeus

Vertex sharp pointed, ends of broken
marginal line usually reduced to spots

at apex 15. torqus
\ ertex more bluntly angled, ends ot broken

marginal line usually reduced to spots

Figs. 276-279.—iiu/'AoiJ<'uj, male genitalia. //, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect.



194 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24. Art. 2

which often merge with projecting

tooth on transverse band
.....21. major, 3. merus, 2.

frisoni, 20. densus, 16. elongatus
54^ Length not over 5.5 mm. 55

Length 5.5 mm. or more
5. dilatus, 7. camurus, 28. sensibilis

55. Toothlike mark on transverse band minute
13. diutius, 27. immlstus

Toothlike mark on transverse band larger

8. flexus, 25. littoralis

\. Scaphoideus tergatus DeLong

S( tiphoideus teryalus DeLong (1939a, p. 45).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Similar to luteulus,

but elytra more spotted with pale areas.

V'erte.x white, with a very narrow marginal

line, slightly interrupted at middle, and with

a broad testaceous transverse band between

anterior margins of eyes; band scarcely pro-

duced at middle. Pronotum testaceous, with

a white transverse band on middle. Each

elytron dark brown, with a few pale areas;

veins on clavus indistinct, veins on corium

and costa brown, apical portion black.

Female seventh sternite with apical third

of posterior margin produced in a short

broad rounded black tooth. Male aedeagus,

fig. 250, in lateral view with ventral portion

narrow, widened at junction of dorsal por-

tion; apex gradually narrowed to pointed

tip, which is slightly curved ventrally.

This species is known only from Illinois.

A few specimens were taken in low flood-

plain woods in a very moist habitat.

Illinois Records.

—

Jonesboro: state

forest, July 31, 1934, DeLong and Mohr,

U, 19. H.wana: Aug. 30, 1917, 1$.

2. Scaphoideus frisoni DeLong & Mohr

Scaphoideus frisoni DeLong & Mohr (1936,

p. 975).

Length 6 mm. Vertex white, with dark

line above front margin interrupted at mid-

dle and widened either side of apex. Trans-

verse fuscous band with central portion

produced, ends sloping anteriorly. Scutellum

pale, basal angles darker. Elytra white,

mottled with brown, veins and apex of each

dark brown.

Female seventh sternite broadly and

roundedly produced and slightly keeled at

middle. Male plates about as long as com-
bined basal width, convexly rounded on

basal portion, concavely rounded to form
blunt pointed apexes. Aedeagus, fig. 270,

H'itii a pair of long processes arising near

base, in ventral view separated near base,

almost contiguous near middle, then again

separated and crossing each other so that

the apical fourth of each is directed later-

ally and is slender and tapered at apex.

A broad dorsal tooth on apex of each pygo-

fer.

This species was found on herbaceous

plants in woodland areas in northern Illi-

nois. Its distribution in the United States

is decidedly northern.

Illinois Records.

—

Antioch : Aug. 24,

1935, DeLong & Ross, 1$. Palos Park:

Aug. 8, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 9 .

3. Scaphoideus merus DeLong & Beery

Scaphoideus merus DeLong & Beery (1936, p.

336).

Length 6.5-7.0 mm. Resembling cariii-

atiis Osborn (1900a, p. 201) in size and

general appearance but with distinctive male

genitalia. Vertex strongly produced, apex

bluntly angled, almost as long at middle as

basal width between the eyes. Face pale,

with two heavy dark bands below margin

of vertex. Marginal line above vertex

broken at middle and widened on either side

of apex; median transverse band on vertex

decidedly notched either side of central an-

terior produced portion, causing it to appear

trilobate anteriorly. Pronotum and scutel-

lum dark brown, mottled. Elytra white,

washed with pale brown ; veins, margins at

apexes, and a spot on center of each clavus

dark brown.

Female seventh sternite with prominent

lateral angles, posterior margin black,

almost truncate, slightly emarginate either

side of middle. Male plates short and

broad, length equaling combined basal

width, convexly rounded to form blunt

apexes. Styles, fig. 267, abruptly narrowed

at two-thirds their length to form narrow

processes that are bent strongly outward

and produced. Aedeagus in ventral view

with a pair of short broad flat processes

arising near the base, curved so as to leave

an opening between them at base, but over-

lapping at apexes; dorsal process with the

apical portion rather broad, rounded at

apex, and with a dorsal pointed tooth.

This species has previously been recorded

from the District of Columbia and Penn-

sylvania only.

Illinois Records.

—

Justice: in woods,

July 23, 1937, Mohr & Burks, 2$. Sev-



y ;/«(, 1948 DeLong: Leakhoi'pers of Illinois 195

mour: in woods, July 7, 1937, Mohr & 22, 19.U, DeLonj: & Ross, M. Volo: in

Burks, lc5. Volo: in bog, Aug. 22, 1937, hog, Aug. 24, 1935, Del.ong & Ross, H,
Hurks & Ross, \$. 79. White Heath: June 4, 1939, J. C.

Dirks, 2i July 31, 19.59, J. C. Dirks, 2

4. Scaphoideiis scelestus DeLong & Mohr specimens.

Scaphuideiii sccli'slus DeLong & Mohr (1936,

p. 974).

Length 5-6 mm. Superficially resemhling

melatiotus in color. Face pale, with two
complete dark lines and broken arcs on

upper portion. \'ertex, pronotum, and

scutellum usually pale in color, transverse

hand between eyes narrow and pale. Ely-

tra heavily infuscated with dark brown or

black, anterior half of each appearing uni-

formly black without areoles ; two milky

uliite areoles on middle of each clavus, and

:i few in anteapical cells.

I'emale seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced and black margined. ALile plates

broadly rounded at apexes. Aedeagus, tig.

264, in lateral view with basal portion

slender and straight; dorsal process arising

near apex, with a point at base ; apex with

a long dorsally curved finger-like process on

caudoapical extremity.

This species has been taken in small num-
bers from herbaceous vegetation in Illinois.

ir was described from Pennsylvania.

Illinois Records.

—

Metropolis: Aug
16, 1891, Hart 1 i ; Aug. 17, 1891, Shiga &
Hart, 1 5.

5. Scaphoideus dilatus DeLong & Mohr

Scaplioidciis dilatus DcLoiig & Mohr (1936,

p. 966).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Vertex pale, the

transverse, orange-red band rather broad.

Pronotum dark brown, scutellum paler.

Elytra brownish, apexes black, veins black
;

each clavus with two white very small areo-

lar spots and three or four white spots in

anteapical cells. Face pale brown, with one

complete line below margin of vertex.

I'emale seventh sternite strongly and

roundedly produced anil broadly margined
with black. Male plates with broadly

rounded apexes. Aedeagus in lateral view,

fig. 255, gradually enlarged on apical third

to a sharp pointed apex ; dorsal process

with two divergent processes at apex.

Described from Pennsylvania, this species

is known from several localities in Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Antioch: Aug. 24,

193^;, DeLong & Ross, 5 9 . Momence: Aug.

6. Scaphoideus curvatus DeLong & Mohr

Siiip/wideus lur-vatus Del.ong &: Mohr (1936
p. 967).

Length 5 mm. N'ertex yellowish, marginal
Ime conspicuous; median dark reddish brown
transverse band between eyes rather broad
and produced at middle. Pronotum dark
brown, with a pale transverse band. Apical

half of scutellum pale yellow. Elytra
brown; veins dark brown, with very pale

areas; two very small areoles near center

of each clavus along commissural line.

Female seventh sternite produced,

rounded at apex, and black margined. Male
plates broadly rounded at apexes. Aedeagus
in lateral view, fig. 256, narrowed at about

half its length, then produced, and ventrally

curved at apex, tip pointed; dorsal process

arising from enlarged portion, broadened
apically and bifurcate.

This species was described from speci-

mens taken in southern Illinois.

Illinois Record.

—

New H.-vven, June
23. 1936, DeLong & Ross, 1 d , 19.

7. Scaphoideus camurus DeLong & .Mohr

Scaphoideus camurus DeLong & Mohr (1936,

p. 967).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Vertex white, with a

rather narrow tawny band between eyes,

band slightly produced at middle. Prono-

tum dark, with a pale transverse band be-

hind eyes. Elytra pale brown, veins darker,

intensity of dark markings variable, with

dark markings usually on apical portions at

least. Face yellow, with at least two com-

plete dark lines below margin of vertex.

Female seventh sternite slightly rounded,

produced, and black margined. Male plates

broadly rounded apically. Aedeagus in lat-

eral view, fig. 252, tapered toward apex,

where it is sharply bent ventrally and

pointed; dorsal process enlarged at apex;

anterior apical process very small, almost

wanting.

This species was described from Illinois

and Pennsylvania. It has been taken in small

numbers in low swampy wooded areas from

herbaceous vegetation.



196 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin rol.24,Art.2

Illinois Record.

—

Karnak: June 14,

19,U. DeLoiiK & Ross, 6 c! -

8. Sctiphoideus jiexiis DeLonji & Mohr

Sitip/ioiJfus fifxiis DeLong & Mohr (1936, p.

968).

Length 5.0-5.5 mm. V'ertex white, with a

rather broad tawny band between the eyes,

band scarcely produced anteriorly. Prono-

tuni tawny, with paler transverse band on

disc. Elytra brownish, marked with darker

brown and with veins darker brown. Face

tawny, with dark arcs on upper portion

;

narrow dark line just beneath margin of

vertex, below which is a white band.

Female seventh sternite with prominent

angles, posterior margin concavely and

roundedly produced either side of a dark

margined centrally produced lobe. Male
plates with blunt rounded apexes. Aedeagus

in lateral view, fig. 262, with apical half

gradually bending ventrally, apex enlarged,

truncate, with a ventrally pointed tooth on

ventral margin; dorsal process bifurcate at

apex and concavely rounded between tips.

Recorded from Pennsylvania, Tennessee,

and Illinois, flexiis occurs on herbaceous

vegetation in woodland areas.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 14 to September 27, are

from Apple River Canyon State Park, Ash-

ley, Dolson, Dubois, Elizabethtown, Graf-

ton, Herod, Jonesboro, Kampsville, Kanka-
kee, Marshall, Rock Island, Shawneetown,

Urbana, Vienna, Volo, and White Heath.

9. Scaphoideiis radix DeLong & Mohr

Scaphoideus radix DeLong & Mohr (1936, p.

969).

Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Vertex pale, with a

fine sinuate marginal line and a narrow
conspicuous transverse band between an-

terior margins of eyes, band slightly pro-

duced at middle and bordered with reddish

brown on its posterior margin. Pronotum
dark brown, black behind either eye, a white

cross band on anterior portion of disc.

Elytra pale, mottled with brown, veins

brown ; each elytron with a large brown
spot at apex of first claval vein and a large

spot on disc. Face pale, dusky on either

side next to eyes.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin slightly concave on either side of a

k
central broadly produced lobe, which is

blunt at apex and slightly bifid. Male plates

with apexes broadly rounded. Aedeagus,

fig. 260, slender on apical half to near apex,

which is enlarged into a foot-shaped struc-

ture with the long pointed toe portion ex-

tending ventrally; dorsal portion with bi-

furcate process.

Described from Illinois, this species was
found only in open woodland in the south-

ern portion of the state.

Illinois Records.

—

Dixon Springs: July

9. 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 2 . Elizabeth-

town : May 22-24, 1932, Ross, Dozier,

& Park, 1 9 . Horseshoe Lake: on cypress,

July 11, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 19. Kar-
nak: July 10, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 5.

10. Scaphoideus pullus DeLong & Mohr

Sctiphoideus pullus DeLong & Mohr (1936, p.

969).

Length 4.5-5.5 mm. Vertex pale yellow,

with a narrow black marginal line and a

narrow transverse reddish band between

eyes. Pronotum paler at middle, sides

darker. Elytra pale brown, heavily infus-

cated, and with a few pale whitish areas;

each clavus appearing to have a much darker

stripe along inner margin, with two paler

spots on posterior half. Face pale brown,

with arcs always conspicuous above.

Female seventh sternite produced and

rounded. Male plates with broadly rounded

apexes. Aedeagus in lateral view, fig. 258,

enlarged on apical fourth, curved ventrally

near apex, the apex bluntly pointed on ven-

tral side.

Known previously from the District of

Columbia, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin,

this species is found also in several locali- J

ties in the southern half of Illinois, and |

occurs in open woodland.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

collected June 9 to August 24, are from

Dozier, Dubois, Eichorn, Golconda,
Hardin, Karnak, Metropolis, Monticello,

New Holland, and St. Joseph. i

11. Scaphoideus auctiis DeLong & Mohr

Scaphoideus auclus DeLong & Mohr (1936, p.

970).

Length 5 mm. Vertex pale, transverse

band orange, a pale transverse band on an-

terior portion of pronotum and scutellum.



June. 194S DeLong: Leafhopi'ers of Illinois 197

Elytra gray, heavily marked with dark

brown or black, veins conspicuously dark.

Face yellowish, with one complete dark h'ne

below maryin of vertex.

Female seventh sternite strongly and
roundedly produced, apex faintly notched.

Male plates rounded at ape.xes. Aedeagus
in lateral view, fig. 254, enlarged at apex

and obliquely sloping to form a caudovcn-

trally directed and bluntly pointed apex

;

dorsal process short and broad, the concave

apex forming two short thick divergent proc-

esses.

This is a rather uncommon species and

occurs in Illinois in woodland areas on her-

baceous vegetation. It is also known from
Wisconsin and Pennsylvania.

Illinois Records.

—

New Haven: June
2.^, 1936, DeLong & Ross, \£. Urban a:

July 1, 1889, iMarten, I i ; June 27, 1889,

Hart, \.l July 7, 1889, Hart M.

12. Scaphoideus bacillus DeLong & Mohr

Scapliiiuiius Ixuidus DeLong k Mohr (1936,

p. 97U).

Length 4.5-5.0 mm. 'I'auny, almost de-

void of white areolar spots. Face tawny,

margin of vertex white, with a black mar-
ginal line above and two conspicuous black

lines below. X'ertex with tawny band so

broad it covers surface almost entirely but

leaves a narrow anterior pale area and a

broad V-shaped posterior pale area. Prono-
tum usually darker than vertex, with traces

of a white cross band just back of eyes.

Elytra tawny, almost lacking white areolar

spots, veins brown; each elytron with brown
spots at apex, also at apex of first claval

vein, and at apex of clavus.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin concavely and roundedly produce<l

to form a pair of prominent black teeth

separated by a V-shaped notch. Male plates

narrowed to inner margins, each bluntly

angled. Aedeagus, fig. 274, with apical

fourth bent sharply ventrally ; apical portion

sometimes uniform in width and sometimes
tapered to apex.

The food plant of bacillus is not known.
This species has been collected in several

Illinois areas. It has been recorded from
Pennsylvania and Ohio, as well as Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Alton: July 19, 1932,

Ross & Dozier, 1 i . DoLSON : July 24,

1936, DeLong & Mohr, \S. Dubois:

sweeping along railroad, July 9, 1909, I $ .

Urbana: tree trunk, July 23, 1917, 1^;
tree trunk, Aug. 4, 1916, I'v ; Aug. 8, 1916'

1 9 ; Aug. 9, 1920, Malloch, 1 $ ; Aug. 12,

1935, Burks, 1 ,5 ; at light, Aug. 13, 1935,

H. H. Ross, 1 S ; tree trunk, Aug. 28, 1917,

7^,49; dredge ditch, Aug. 30, 1914, 1 9 ;

forestry, Sept. 3, 1916, 1 9.

L3. Scaphoideus diutiiis DeLong & Mohr

Scap/ioiJciis diiitius DcLoiig k Mohr (1936
p. 972 J.

Length 5 mm. Resembling immisliis in

color. Vertex pale, transverse hand broad,

tawny, scarcely produced at middle. I'"ace

yellow. Pronotum with a rather faint

transverse band back of eyes. Elytra pale,

tinged with brown, veins dark brown.
Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin roundedly produced and black mar-
gined. Male plates with apexes broadly

rounded. Aedeagus in lateral view, fig. 265,

similar to that of Htloralis but with the

apical ventral processes longer than the dor-

sal process and the dorsal process with a

more slender curved finger-like projection on

jiosterior margin.

This species was taken in small numbers
in the northern portion of Illinois in open

uoodland. It is known also from Pennsyl-

vania.

Illinois Record.—Starved Rock State
Park: July 14, 1932, Dozier & Park, 2$,
19.

14. Scaphoideus nigrelhis DeLong &
Mohr

Scapliuideus iili/ii'lhis Dcl.oiig & Mohr (1936,

p. 973).

Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Black, resembling

sinsiliilis in appearance. Vertex white, with

a broad black transverse band between eyes,

band strongly produced anteriorly and

shading to brown posteriorly. Pronotum
black, with an interrupted white transverse

band behind eyes. Elytra brownish, heavily

marked with black and with a few white

areolar spots, two spots on each clavus along

commissural line usually conspicuous. Venter

black, face black, with three pale arcs ex-

tending up over margin of vertex.

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced. Male plates slightly narrowed to

broadly rounded apexes. Aedeagus in lateral



198 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J' ol. 24, Art. 2

view, (if;. 260, with a Ion;; slender basal por-

tion, and a bulblike portion arisin;; at about

half its length; apical end broad, concavely

excavated, the outer margins with project-

ing points.

Recorded only from Illinois, this is a

rather abundant species in the low flood-

plain woodland valleys of southern Illinois

on a species of Solidago.

Illinois Records.

—

Danville: Aug. 17,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 2 9 . Dolson : Rocky

Branch, July 18, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 3 $ ,

4 9 ; Julv 24, 1936, DeLong & Mohr, 15 £ ,

46 9. Urbana: Sept. 10, 1934, H. H. Ross,

I 9 . Wilmington : Aug. 20, 1934, DeLong
& Ross, 1 <5

.

13. Scaphoideus fortius DeLong & Beery

Scaphoideus tortus DeLong & Beery (1936,

p. 337).

Length 6.5 mm. Vertex pale, transverse

band on disc rather narrow and slightly

produced anteriorly at middle. Pronotum
and scutellum tawny. Elytra pale, each

darker on posterior half; veins brown. Face

pale brownish. Marginal line above vertex

narrow, interrupted, the line below margin

entire, heavy.

Male plates tapered to bluntly pointed

apexes. Aedeagus in ventral view, fig. 268,

composed of two portions that are separated

at base but curve inwardly and then cross

anterior to the laterally directed apexes;

apical portion of dorsal process not bearing

a dorsal tooth. Upper apical portion of

each pygofer with a distinct tooth. The
female is unknown.

Described from Pennsylvania, this species

has also been taken in northern Illinois in a

woodland area.

Illinois Record.—

G

rand Detour:
Castle Rock, July 2, 1932, Dozier & Mohr,
U.

16. Scaphoideus elongatus DeLong &
Beery

Scaphoideus elongatus DeLong k Beery (1936
p. 337).

Length 6.5-7.0 mm. Vertex with median
transverse tawny band narrow, strongly

produced anteriorly at middle. Pronotum
and scutellum brownish, mottled with white,

apical half of scutellum paler. Elytra white,

veins dark brown, fuscous blotches on each

elytron forming an indefinite oblique band

from anterior claval area to median costal

area. Face pale, slightly smoky ; a slender

black line just beneath margin of vertex,

the one above a little broader on either side

ot median line, where it is broken.

F"emale seventh sternite almost truncate,

slightly produced and slightly and concavely

rounded at middle. Male plates gradually

narrowed to pointed apexes. Aedeagus in

ventral view, fig. 273, composed of a pair

of processes that taper to pointed apexes,

which overlap ; these curved and contiguous

at middle, then separated anterior to and

posterior to this point. Pygofers long and

pointed.

This species has been found in Virginia,

Mississippi, and Illinois.

Illinois Record.

—

Starved Rock State
Park: July 14, 1932, Dozier & Park, 1 i .

17. Scaphoideus cylindratus DeLong &
Beery

Scupltoideus cylindratus DeLong & Beery (1936,

p. 338).

Length 6.0-6.5 mm. Vertex pale, trans-

verse band narrow, pale orange in color,

and slightly produced at middle. Pronotum
uniform brown; scutellum paler, with

darker basal angles. Elytra rather uniform

dull brown, each with veins and apex darker

but almost devoid of areolar spots. Face

pale brown, with two contiguous lines

beneath vertex margin; line above margin

slightly broken at middle.

Female seventh sternite broadly and

roundedly produced and black margined on

central half. Male plates convexly rounded

and tapered to pointed apexes. Aedeagus in

ventral view, fig. 269, composed of a pair

of rather short broad cylindrical processes,

each bluntly pointed and slightly curved

upward at apex.

This species has been taken in several

New England states and in Illinois.

Illinois Record.

—

Urbana: on cotton-

v/ood, July 12, 1920, Auden, \$.

18. Scaphoideus chelus DeLong & Beery

Scaphoideus chelus DeLong & Beery (1936,

p. 339).

Length 6-7 mm. Vertex pale, with a

rather broad and poorly defined tawny

transverse band between eyes. Pronotum



June. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Iminois 199

;iml SLiitellum brown, the former with a

paler indistinct band. Elytra brownish, veins

dark brown. Face slightly tawny, a dark-

line just below vertex and a slender one

above, the latter broken at middle.

Kemalo seventh sternite with posterior

margin slightly produced to form a median
rounded lobe, which is slightly emarginate

at apex. Male plates convexly rounded to

blunt apexes. Aedeagus in ventral view,

fig. 27b. with a pair of separated processes

arising from basal portion; these extend

caudally and bear at their apexes a pair

of broad, curved, pincer-like processes that

taper to sharp-pointed proximal apexes.

Pygofers long, sharply pointed.

This species has been taken only in the

southern portion of the state in open wood-
land on dense herbaceous vegetation. It

was described from Illinois.

Illinois Record.—Do i. son: Rocky
Branch, Julv 18, ly.U, DeLong & Ross,

1<5, 19.

l'>. Scaphoideus trauseus DeLong &
Beery

S,iit<hoiJnis transius DeLong &.- Beerv (1936,

p. 3391.

Length 5.5 mm. \ertex white, transverse

median band orange at sides, darker and
produced anteriorly at middle. Pronotum
and scutellum pale brown. Elytral veins,

and spot on costa at middle, dark brown.
Face pale, a narrow black line beneath the

margin of vertex and a broader one ventrad

to this: marginal line on vertex broken at

middle and broadened on either side of

•ipex.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin slightly produced, median fourth

with a rather broad shallow notch. ALale

plates narrowed from near base to form
long pointed tips with blunt apexes. Aedea-
gus in ventral view, fig. 278, composed of a

pair of processes that arc broad and prox-

imal at base and diverge to apexes of plates,

where they bend inwardly, cross each other,

and taper to long pointed apexes.

1 his species is known to occur in a habi-

tat very similar to that of ilnliis and has

been taken in central and northern Illinois.

It is also known from Iowa and the Dis-

trict of Columbia.

Illinois Records.— Doi.sox: Rockv
Branch, July 18. 19j4, DeLong & Ross, I d ,

1$. Gai.k.\.-\: hillside pasture, July 10,

19,U, DeLong & Ross, \ i .

20. Scaphoideus tlfiisus DeLong & Beery

Siap/ioiJcus densus UeLong & Beerv (1936
p. 340).

Length 6.0-6.5 mm. Vertex pale, with
broken marginal line, transverse tawny
band narrow, obliquely sloping to margin
on either side, and strongly produced at

middle. Pronotum and scutellum brownish.
Elytra white, washed with pale brown, each
with a spot on anterior part; clavus and
apex of each elytron dark brown. Face
pale, with three dark lines on upper portion.

Female seventh sternite slightly produced,
rounded, and black margined. Male plates

with apical halves sloping to bluntly pointed

apexes. .Aedeagus, tig. 277, more than one-

third longer than connective, two branched,

each arm broadened on inner margin one-

third the distance from apex and tapered to

a sharply pointed tip; in lateral view the

aedeagus is broadened near apex, curved,

and tapered to pointed tip; dorsal process

bearing a dorsal spine on apical portion.

Recorded from (^hio, Quebec, and Illi-

nois, this species has been taken at several

localities in this state in open woodlamU.
It is closely related to chelits.

Illinois Records.

—

Bluff Springs: lune

10, 19.>2, Ross & Mohr, M. Eichorn :

Hicks Branch, June 1.^, 19.U, DeLong &
Ross, \i. Elizarethiown : May 27-31,

1931, Dozier, 19; June 25, 1932, Rcss,

Dozier, & Park, 2 <5 , 19.

21. Scaphoideus major Osborn

Scaphoideus immistus var. major Osluirri

(1900rt, p. 205).

Length 6.0-6.5 mm. Vertex strongly pro-

duced, bluntly angled, almost as long at

middle as basal width between eyes; a brown
band just below ocelli, and another just

above, broken at middle; transverse band

tawny, notched on either side of a broad

median tooth, which extends almost to mar-

ginal band. Elytra long, broadly rounded

at apex ; subhyaline, «ith dark veins, apical

margins brownish.

Female seventh sternite slightly produced

and slightly but broadly notched at middle;

faintly concave on either side of median

third. .Male plates not quite :is long as



200 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2

combined basal width, strongly and convexly

rounded to bluntly pointed apexes. Styles,

fig. 26.?, tapered from base, each strongly

and suddenly narrowed on outer margin to

form on the apical fifth a short outwardly

curved finger-like process. Aedeagus about

the length of the connective, two branched,

each branch in ventral view appearing broad-

ened on inner margin about one-third the dis-

tance from apex and tapered to pointed tip;

in lateral view aedeagus appearing tapered

to a long attenuated pointed apex; dorsal

process semicircular, tapered to apex, which

is blunt, slightly enlarged, and with a very

small dorsal spine.

This species was described from Iowa.

Illinois Records.—Alton: June 26-27,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 2 $ . Apple River

Canyon State Park: July 11, 1934, De-

Long & Ross, 1 i . Urbana: Aug. 5, 1889,

Hart, 1 9 ; Aug. 28, 1890, Hart & Shiga,

25; Aug. 10, 1891, Hart & McElfresh,

2 2 ; Aug. 29, 1891, 1 9.

22. Scaphoideus nigricans Osborn

Scaphoideiu nigricans Osborn (1911, p. 258).

Length 6.0-6.5 mm. Vertex broad, white,

marginal band interrupted at middle; me-

dian transverse band dark brown, narrow,

sinuate, produced anteriorly at middle,

forming a broad tooth, and curved pos-

teriorly on either side. Pronotum pale an-

teriorly, darker posteriorly. Elytra white,

veins reflexed, costal veinlets and spots in

several cells brown. Face pale, smoky above,

a heavy black line beneath vertex margin.

Female seventh sternite angularly pro-

duced. Male plates tapered from bases to

bluntly pointed apexes. Aedeagus, fig. 279,

two branched, processes long, curved in-

wardly, crossed near apex and tapered to

pointed tips; in lateral view the processes

curve upward and anteriorly.

Recorded first from North Carolina and

Tennessee, this species has since been taken

at two localities in central Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Urbana: cotton-

wood, July 12, 1920, F. K. Auden, 1 5

.

White Heath: June 4, 1939, 1. C. Dirks,

19.

23. Scaphoideus cinerosus Osborn

Scaphoideus cinerosus Osborn (1900a, p. 208).

Length 4.0-4.5 mm. Ashy gray, with

faint marking. Vertex almost white, with

a faint brownish cross band between the

eyes, and a very faint marginal line. Prono-

tum light gray, with brownish spots on pos-

terior portion. Elytra with veins brown,

and pale brownish spots on discal, inner

anteapical, and apical cells.

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced. Male plates broadly rounded at

apexes. Aedeagus in lateral view, fig. 249,

enlarged at about one-half its length, then

constricted ; apical third broadened, apex

curved on dorsal portion to a ventrally

sharp-pointed tip; dorsal process enlarged

at apex, with anterior and posterior proc-

esses and a median sunken tooth.

This species has been taken in small num-

bers in Illinois in woodland areas. It is

known also from Iowa.

Illinois Records.—Urbana: Tune 7,

1889, C. A. Hart, 1 $ ; Aug. 18, 1892, C. A.

Hart, 4 9 ; June 23, 1918, 1 <J ; cottonwood,

June 12, 1920, C. P. A., 1 9 ; Aug. 9, 1920,

J. R. Malloch, 1 9 ; Aug. 15, 1940, 1 i .

24. Scaphoideus melanotus Osborn

Scaphoideus melanotus Osborn (1900fl, p. 206).

Length 5 mm. Pale brown, with a black

face having one minute white point just

below apex of vertex and one on tip of

clypeus. Vertex whitish, with a rather faint

narrow brownish band, darker at center;

marginal line narrow. Pronotum whitish,

with anterior and posterior fulvous bands.

Elytra with whitish marginal lobes on each

clavus and spots on costal and post-nodal

cells, fig. 228. Fulvus and fuscous markings

as in immistus, to which this species is rather

closely related.

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced and medially notched. Male plates

with broadly rounded apexes. Aedeagus in

lateral view, fig. 259, broad, apex broadly

and bluntly rounded; dorsal process with

two short apical divergent processes. Pygo-

fers each with a pair of spines at base,

spines large and turned upward.

An inhabitant of herbaceous vegetation

in wooded areas, this species is known from

the eastern United States and occurs as far

west as Texas. Recorded eastern localities

include Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Ten-

nessee. The species is rare in Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Dolson: Rocky
Branch, July 18, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 9 .

Springfield: Sept. 25, 1934, H. H. Ross,

19.

J



June. 194S DeLong : Leafhopphrs of Illinois 201

25. Scaphoidetis littoralis Ball

Scaphoideiis littoralis Ball (1932, p. 15).

Siaplioidcus hrcvidcns DeLong & Mohr (1936,

p. 971).

Length 4.75-5.5 mm. Pale tawny, vertex

pale, with hlaclc marj;inal line and trans-

verse band behind middle tawny. Elytra

opalescent, each with an apical smoky band

extending to a point just before the cross

nervures; nervures rusty brown; tw-o lobato

ivory spots on the commissure, and with

oval spots on the claval sutures. Face pale

smoky in the female, creamy in the male.

Female seventh sternite with the posterior

margin roundedly produced. Male platen

with rounded apexes. Aedeagus in lateral

view, fig. 275, with a long slender ventral

process, which is bitid on apical third, the

bifurcate processes not as long as the dorsal

portion of the aedeagus; dorsal process

broadened at apex, which is concavely

rounded between a small anterior toothlikc

projection and a posterior finger-shaped

process, the latter curving dorsally and an-

teriorly.

One of the most common species of the

genus, lit I II rails is found abundantly

throughout Illinois. It is widely distributed

in the eastern states and ranges west to

South Dakota.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 29 to October 1, arc

from Adair. Algonquin, Alton, Antioch,

Apple River Canyon State Park, Cedar

Lake, Ccntralia. Champaign, Charleston,

Dixon Springs, Dolson, Dubois, Elizabeth-

town, Fox Lake, Galena, Golconda, Graf-

ton, Hardin, Harrisburg, Havana, Herod,

Kampsville, Kankakee, Karnak, La Rue,

ALahomet. Meredosia, Metropolis, Mount
Carmel, Muncie, Normal, Oak La«n,

Olive Branch, Palos Park, Parker, Quincy,

Rockton, Rosiclare, Springfield. Thebes,

I'rhana. Vienna, V'olo, Wauconda, \\'est

Union, White Heath, and Zion.

26. Scaphoidens productiis Osborn

Scap/i'iiJnis froductus Osborn (1900«, p. 2U0).

Length b mm. Female heavily marked

and with a'' strongly produced seventh stern-

ite. Vertex yellowish, with a broad fuscous

band between eyes, this band produced at

middle almost far enough to meet marginal

band. Pronotum yellowish, with lateral

fuscous areas. Elvtra whitish, with fulvous

blotches on discal and apical cells, and fus-

cous patches on each clavus, inner discal

cell, and costal crossvein and apical vein.

Female seventh sternite produced at cen-

ter and strongly keeled. The first sex of

this species to be described was the male,

but the type male cannot be located, and the

sexes have not been associated.

This species occurs in Iowa, is widely

distributed over the eastern states, and un-

doubtedly will he found in Illinois.

27. Scaphoideits immistiis (Say)

Jassus immistiis Say (1831, p. 306).

Length 4.75-5.5 mm. \'ertex blunt, white,

with a prominent black rounded marginal

line ; transverse band broad, dark, strongly

produced at middle to form a blunt tooth,

band shading to fuscous and usually cover-

ing most of the basal portion. Pronotum

brown, usually with a broken pale band

anterior to middle; an apical and a median

lateral spot on each side white. P21ytra

fuscous, veins darker, apex of each elytron

black; several areolar spots present. Face

smoky, darker above.

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced, black margined, forming a somewhat

produced lobe at center. Male plates with

broadly rounded apexes. Aedeagus in lateral

view, fig. 25.?, long and slender, slightly

curving ventrally, and pointed at apex; dor-

sal process with bifurcate processes at apex,

the latter short, truncate, and divergent.

This is one of the two most common

species of the genus and has been taken in

considerable numbers throughout the state.

It occurs abundantly in the eastern United

States and ranges south and west to Texas

and California.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 14 to October 2, are from

Algonquin, Cave in Rock, Champaign,

Dubois, Fairfield, Fountain Bluff, Harris-

burg, Havana, Henry, Herod, Justice, Kar-

nak , Kinmundy, Meredosia, Metropolis,

Mount Carmel, New Haven, Newton, Oak-

wood, Quincy, Rosiclare, Seymour, Shaw-

neetoun. Sumner, Urbana, X'ienna, \'olo,

and White Heath.

28. Scaphoidetis sensihilis Hall

Saip/ioiJeiis sensihilis Ball (1932, p. 14).

Length 5-6 mm. HIack, marked with

ivory white. \'ertex ivory white, with sub-



202 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin rol.24,Art.2

niarj;inal dark line; median transverse band

(lark brown or black, band narrow next to

eves, widened at middle, and with an acute

median projection. Scutelluni with a large

median shield of ivory and a pair of large

black spots just inside the basal angles.

Elytra heavily clouded with dark brown or

black, with two lobate median ivory spots

and four pairs along the suture on each

clavus; a hyaline spot on costa.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin angularly produced, lateral margins

of produced portion concave. Male plates

long and narrow, apexes bluntly rounded.

Aedeagus in lateral view, fig. 261, long with

apex enlarged, obliquely sloping, bluntly

pointed on ventral margin.

This species was described from Florida,

and a few specimens have been taken in

Illinois.

Illinois Record.

—

Jonesboro: July 31,

19.U, DeLong & Mohr, \$, 25.

29. Scaphoideits obtiimis Osborn

Scaphoidfiis ohlusits Osborn (1900fl, p. 207).

Length 5 mm. Pale, with the basal half

of each elytron appearing gray, the pos-

terior portion darker. Vertex white, with

a broad fuscous band between eyes; band

produced anteriorly and posteriorly at mid-

dle. Pronotum fuscous, with a median

longitudinal stripe and posterior margin

white. Elytra white to pale gray, the basal

half of each with a few dark markings, a

heavy black band across posterior portion

extending cephalad to apex of clavus, giv-

ing the insect a banded appearance. Face
smoky.

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced and broadly black margined. Male
plates long, broadly rounded at apexes.

Aedeagus in lateral view, fig. 251, enlarged

at one-third its length, then narrowed and

produced to apex, which is enlarged, curved
on dorsal surface, and forms a pointed tip

on ventral margin; dorsal process bifurcate,

posterior process longer than anterior

process.

This species, found in small numbers in

woodland habitats in Illinois, is known also

from Florida, New York, and Iowa.
Illinois Records.

—

Elmira: Aug. 2-3,

1883, 1 <? . Thomasroro: July 20, 1914,

19. Urhana: on cottonwood, July 12,

1920, F. K. Auden, 2 <} , 2 9 ; Aug. 13, 1920,

19.

30. Scaphoideus opalinus Osborn

Scaplioideiis opalinus Osborn (1905ij p. 525).

Length 5.0-5.5 mm. Grayish brown, with

an opalescent tint. Vertex white to gray,

marginal line distinct, fuscous bands be-

tween eyes faint, often broken at middle

and broadest next to eyes. Pronotum pale

brownish, disc dull gray. Scutellum mostly

white, basal angles fuscous. Elytra fuscous,

opalescent, a pair of brownish spots on

commissure at apex of each claval vein,

between which are two rounded white or

gray lobate spots; a large hyaline area on

middle of each costa ; apical and anteapical

reflexed costal veinlets and apex black. Face

pale smoky.

Female seventh sternite slightly and

roundedly produced, almost truncate. Male
plates narrowed, but broadly rounded.

Aedeagus, fig. 272, with ventral bifurcate

apical process short, not as long as dorsal

portion; dorsal process abruptly enlarged

at apex and lacking an anterior process at

tip but with a well-developed finger-like

posterior process.

This species has been found occasionally

upon Jiinipcrus through the southern half

of the state. It has been taken also in im-

mature stages from this plant. Previous

records show its occurrence in Florida,

New Jersey, and New York.

Illinois Records.—Dixon Springs:
July 9, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 25, 29.
HiLLSBORO: on juniper, June 26, 1934, De-

Long & Ross, 1$, 19. Lawrenceville:
on juniper, Sept. 24, 1932, Prison & Mohr,

19. Starved Rock State Park: July 14,

1932, Dozier & Park, 1 $.

31. Scaphoideus luteolus Van Duzec

Scaplwideus luteolus Van Duzee (1894/', p.

210).

Length 4.0^.5 mm. Brownish, elytra

with a few pale areas. Vertex white, margi-

nal line heavy. Fuscous band between eyes

broad, width almost half the length of |

vertex, medially produced. Pronotum al-

most uniformly brownish. Scutellum brown-

ish fuscous anteriorly, paler posteriorly.
\

Elytra brownish fuscous, veins brown, re- (

Hexed costal veinlets, apex of each elytron,

and apical veins brownish; small white areo-

lar spots just before and also posterior to

cross nervures of apical cells.

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-



June. 1948 DeLong: Li;afhoi>i'i:rs of Illinois 203

duced, with a short V-shaped notch at apex.

Male plates broadly rounded at apexes.

Aedeagus in lateral view, fig. 248, broadened

at one-third its length, somewhat narrowed
at two-thirds its length, and again broadened

to enlarged apex, which is produced dorsallv

and bluntly pointed; dorsal process slender,

with two long slender bifurcate teeth.

Taken in small numbers in herbaceous

woodland habitats, this species has been

recorded only from the Middle West.
Illinois Records.

—

Alton: June 26,

19.U, DeLong & Ross, \i, 19. Ashlkv:
Aug. 17, 1917, U. Ced.ar L.ake: in bog,

Aug. b, 1906, I i. H.avana: July 2, 19.U,

DeLong & Ross, 1 9 . Meredosia: Aug. 20,

1917, \$. MoNTiCELLO: June 11, I9.U,

Trison & DeLong, 19. Pan'a: July 21,

19.?7, Mohr &• Burks, \i. Urbana: on

Cottonwood, July 12, 1920, F. K. Auden,
1 <J ; Aug. 11," 19.?2, H. H. Knight, 1 9 .

32. Scaphoideus minor Osborn

Siiif'liiiiJnu immislus var. minor Osborn
(lOOOii, p. 205).

Scaphoideus immislus var. incisus Osborn
(1900a, p. 206).

Length 4.25-5.0 mm. X'ertex more obtuse

than in immistus. white to yellow, with a

conspicuous marginal line and a tawny
transverse band produced at middle, form-

ing a blunt tooth. Pronotum brown, a trans-

verse narrow white band at middle. Elytra

fuscous, veins brown, marked with numer-
ous brown spots and white areoles; apex

of each elytron black margined. Face pale,

with dark lines below vertex margin.

Female seventh sternite broadly and

rouniledly produced. Male plates convexly

rounded to bluntly pointed apexes. Aedeagus
in ventral view, tig. 266, with a pair of

slender processes arising at base and sepa-

rated for most of their length, curved in-

wardly, meeting at their apexes, which are

sharp pointed and curved slightly outward.

Although described from Iowa as a

variety of immistus, this species is of the

form and general type of major but with

entirely different characters. It is found in

Illinois in woodland habitats.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May 18 to (October 1, are from Alton,

Dolson. Golconda, Hardin, Harrisburg,

Havana, Kampsville, Karnak, Meredosia,

-Monticello. New Holland, Pike, Urbana,
\'irnna, \'olo. White Heath, and Zion.

^i. Scaphoideus ochrticeous Osborn

SciipJioideus ochraceous Osborn (1898, p. 242).

Length 5-6 mm. Vertex white to yellow,
with a conspicuous dark marginal line;

transverse band broad, ochraceous, produced
forward at middle on anterior margin and
indented on posterior margin. Pronotum
mostly ochraceous, with a broken transverse
median pale band. Elytra tawny ochraceous,
veins mostly brown, with several white
areoles and brown spots. I''ace pale yel-

lowish.

I'emale seventh sternite angularly pro-
duced. Male plates tapered from near base
to bluntly pointed apexes. Aedeagus in

ventral view, fig. 271, with a pair of short
slender processes that are separated at base,

curved on apical portions, and cross each
other just before apexes, the latter narrow
and bluntly pointed.

A woodland species usually found in small
numbers, ocltraccous occurs in the eastern

L'nited States.

Illinois Records.—Ai'in.K River Canyon
State Park: July 11, 1934, Frison & De-
Long, 19. Dolson: Rocky Branch, July
18, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 3 <J . Palos
Park: Aug. 8, 1935, DeLong & Ross, ! 9 .

42. LONENUS DeLong

Lonrnus DeLong (1939a, p. 33).

The vertex is flat and similar in general

appearance to that of Scaphoideus. The
venation also is similar to that of Scaphoi-

deus. The male plates are long and rather

narrow. The long narrow apical portion

of each style is longer than the basal por-

tion. The characters of the dorsal portion

of the aedeagus distinguish iniricalus, the

only known species in the genus, from all

species in the related genus, Scaphoideus.

1. Lonoitis inlriciitus (Uhler)

Scaphoideus inlrienlus Uhler (1889, p. 34),

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. White, with ante-

rior portion of the elytra dark. V^ertex white,

with a conspicuous but interrupted mar-

ginal line; transverse band pale, broken,

often with central portion wanting. Prono-

tum white, transverse; tawny band on pos-

terior portion faint and broken. Scutellum

white. Elytra with a large oblique dark

brown area on basal half of each extending

posteriorly to central anteapical cell and



204 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin l'ol.24.Art.2

extending into middle of clavus; veins on

apical portion, reflexed veinlets and apical

margin brown. Face white, a black spot

below each ocellus, and black lines below

vertex margin.

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced and black margined. Male plates,

fig. 246, long, convexly curved from bases,

apexes bluntly pointed. Apical half of styles

forming long, slender, straight processes.

Aedeagus in ventral view, fig. 246, with a

pair of long slender processes arising at

base, curving divergently at base and cross-

ing each other before apexes; apexes slender.

The only species in the genus, intricatus

is distributed rather commonly throughout

the eastern half of the United States. In

Illinois, it is known only from the northern

half of the state.

Illinois Records.—Antioch: Aug. 24,

1935, DeLong & Ross, 19. Apple River

Canyon State Park: Aug. 22, 1935, De-

Long & Ross, 1 (? , 19. Dongola: Aug. 23,

1916, 19. Havana: Aug. 31, 1917, 19.

Northern Illinois: 19. Palos Park:

Aug. 8, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 9 .

Urbana: July 21, 1889, Hart, 19; July

29, 1934, f. H. Prison, 5 9 ; Aug. 12, 1934,

T. H. Frison, 13, 49 ; at light, Aug. 3,

1936, H. H. Ross, I 9. Warren: Aug. 22,

1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 <? , 19.

43. OSBORNELLUS Ball

Oshornellus Ball (1932, p. 17).

Head slightly narrower than pronotum.

Vertex flat, angled in front, and forming

an acute angle with face. Male plates elon-

gate, forming filamentous processes.

The species of this genus live for the most

part upon herbaceous plants in open and

wooded areas. Thirty species of Oshornellus

have been recorded for the United States;

six are known to occur in Illinois and at

least one other may eventually be found

here.

Key to Species

1. Vertex marked with orange or orange red

2

Vertex brown, not marked with orange
or orange red S

2. Vertex with a transverse orange-red band
^ _. .. , 3

Vertex with two longitudinal orange spots

or stripes 1. jucundus
3. Female seventh sternite with a median

notch or excavation; length of each
male plate to base of attenuated portion

one-third greater than widest portion,

as in fig. 286 4

Female seventh sternite without notch;

length of each male plate to attenuated

portion scarcely greater than widest

portion, fig. 281 3. rotundus
4. Female seventh sternite with a deep narrow

median notch; apical portion of each

male style, fig. 285, with straight margin

not notched, and without teeth

2. auronitens

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced either side of a broad shallow-

median excavation at the apex of which

is a brownish longitudinal spot or a

slight incision; apical portion of each

male style, fig. 286, bearing a short

pointed tooth on inner margin just be-

fore apex 4. limosus

5. Vertex brown, concolorous. . . .5. unicolor

Vertex not concolorous, marked with paler

spots or lines *>

6. Vertex dull yellow to brown, darker mark-

ings inconspicuous; median dark band

between ocelli wanting 6. censors

Vertex white or pale, brown markings

conspicuous; median darker band be-

tween ocelli conspicuous 7. clarus

1. Oshornellus jucundus (Uhler)

Scaphoideus jucundus Uhler (1889, p. 34).

Length 5.0-6.25 mm. Tawny yellow,

elytra with numerous milky white spots.

Vertex marked by two longitudinal orange

spots. A narrow black line just above

margin of vertex and a more distinct one

on upper margin of face. Female seventh

sternite with posterior margin broadly and

convexly rounded. Male plates slender,

narrowed to long attenuate apexes. Aedea-

gus, fig. 282, curved ventrally, narrowed to

apex, where a pair of divergent apical proc-

esses arise, curve laterally and cephalad.

Occurring in small numbers in woodland

areas on herbaceous vegetation, jucundus

is distributed over the eastern United States

and west to Missouri and Iowa.

Illinois Records.

—

Alton: June 26,

1934, 15. Anvil Rock: Oct. 3, 1934,

Frison & Ross, 19. Havana: Aug. 30,

1917, 2 c5 . Herod: Aug. 4, 1934, DeLong &

Mohr, 19. Oregon: Aug. 23, 1935, De-

Long & Ross, 19. Palos Park: Aug. 8,

1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 <? . Tamaroa:

Sept. 22, 1882, 1 i (Ace. No. 3135).

2. Oshornellus auronitens (Provancher)

Scaplioldeus auronitens Provancher (1889, p.

277).

Length 6 mm. Light yellow, and with a

prominent orange-red transverse band; ver-



DeLonc: Leafhoppers of Illinois 205

AURONITENS LIMOSUS

286 A

Figs. 280-286.

—

Oshorncltus, male genitalia; both internal and external structures shown.
A, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect.



206 Illinois iNatural History Survey Bulletin I'ol. 24, An. 2

tex anteriorly margined with a black line;

a black band on margin of vertex and an-

other just above margin. Pronotum marked

with reddish. Elytra each with three re-

Hexed costal veinlets and three pairs of

black spots along claval suture.

Female seventh sternite cleft to near its

base, forming two broadly rounded lobes.

Male plates elongate, triangular, with long

attenuated apexes. Styles with apical por-

tion of each bent outwardly, almost parallel

margined. Aedeagus in lateral view, hg.

285, curved dorsally and with a pair of

broad processes arising laterally just before

base of shaft, flaring slightly, apexes pointed.

This is the most common species of the

genus in Illinois and has been taken abun-

dantly throughout the state. It is found in

the eastern United States only.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, collected from June 14 to November

17, are from Antioch, Apple River Canyon

State Park, Bloomington, Channel Lake,

Dixon Springs, Dolson, Elizabethtown, Fox

Lake, Grand Tower, Herod, Hopedale,

Kankakee, Makanda, Marshall, Monticello,

Mount Carmel, Muncie, Oakwood, Temple
Hill, Urbana, Vienna, and White Heath.

3. Osbornellus rotundus Beamer

Oshornetlus rotundus Beamer (1937, p. 93).

Length 5.0-5.5 mm. Tawny and of the

same form, color, and appearance as auro-

nitens, but with the female seventh sternite

not cleft and vertex more acute. Vertex

with three dark parallel lines and a trans-

verse orange-red band between eyes. Prono-

tum with the anterior margin orange and

with darker spots posteriorly. Each clavus

with three dark spots on commissural suture.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin truncate or slightly produced. Male
plates long, acutely tapered, with long fila-

mentous apexes. Each style with apical half

narrowed, tapering to slightly knobbed tip.

Aedeagus, fig. 281, long and slender, a pair

of lateral processes arising a short distance

from the base and gradually tapering to

sharp apexes.

For many years this species has been con-

fused with auronitens . which it closely re-

sembles. It occurs on herbaceous vegetation

in open woodlands, and it is widely distrib-

uted over the eastern United States.

Illinois Records.—Do L son: Rocky
Branch, July 18, 19.H, DeLong & Ross,

2 9 . Grafton: on wild grape, July 2, 19.?2,

Frison & Ross, 1 $ .

4. Osbornellus timosus DeLong

Oshornellus limosus DeLong (1941, p. 179)

Length 5-6 mm. Resembling auronitens

in form and general appearance but with

vertex more broadened and with distinctive

male and female genitalia. Vertex almost

one-third wider between eyes than median

length. In color similar to auronitens, with

broad orange-red transverse band on vertex

and with orange-red blotches on pronotum

and basal angles of scutellum. Elytra pale

brown, with veins dark brown and three

pairs of brown spots along commissural

line of each clavus as in auronitens.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin roundedly produced on either side

of a broad shallow median excavation, with

a brownish longitudinal spot or slight in-

cision at apex. Male valve, fig. 286, round-

edly produced, with a median produced

pointed apical tooth. Plates long and

tapered to acute tips. Each style with outer

margin notched just beyond middle, forming

a long narrow apical finger-like process that

is bent outwardly from notched portion;

each style bears a short pointed tooth on

inner margin just before apex. Aedeagus

with a short rather broad process extending

dorsally near base ; apical portion consisting

of a single curved dorsal process and a

ventral process that is bifurcate at about

its middle, forming a pair of divergent proc-

esses, which are broad at base but tapered

to slender pointed apexes.

This species has been recorded from New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, and northern Tennes-

see, and may eventually be found in the

southern portion of Illinois.

1

5. Osbornellus unicolor (Osborn)
n

Scaphoideus consors var. unicolor Osborn

(1900(1, p. 196).

Length 5 mm. Face, vertex, and prono-

tum uniform brown, elytra brownish hya-

line, nervures dark; reflexed costal veins

and apexes broadly fuscous. Female seventh .

i

sternite with posterior margin almost trun-,'.

cate, often with an indication of a slight

central tooth, on either side of which the

segment is emarginate. Each male plate i

narrow, twice as long to attenuation as

greatest width. Styles with truncate apexes.



June. 194S DeLonc: Leafhoi'I'ers of Ii.lixc 207

Aedeagus, fiji. 280, composed of a short

ventral and a lonjier dorsal process, each

of which is bifid. X'entral margin ot each

pygofer with long slender caudally directed

spines.

A common species on herbaceous vegeta-

tion in open woodland, iinicolor has been

recorded from the eastern United States

and Texas.

Illinois Records.

—

Apple River C.\x-

VON State Park; July 11, 1934, DeLong &
Ross, lei- Elizabethtowx : July 8, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 1 S .

6. Osboriielhts consols (Uhler)

SiaphoiJeus consors Thler (1889, p. 36).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Brownish, marked
with fuscous and yellowish. Lines and

markings on vertex blending with and not

much darker than ground color. Pronotum
with a pale spot behind each eye and a pale

median longitudinal line. Elytra subhya-

line, pale spots on each clavus indistinct,

nervures brown, apical margin and costal

veinlets broadly black.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin sinuate. Each male plate long, tip

attenuate. Each style with apical two-

thirds slender, straight, and tapered. Aedea-

gus. tig. 28.'i, with a rather heavy body and

with a pair of antler-like structures having

many lateral processes arising near base and

extending beyond apex of body of aedeagus.

This is a common species on herbaceous

vegetation in wooded areas. Distributed

through the eastern L'nited States, it ranges

west to Texas, Colorado, and Utah.

Illinois Records.

—

Apple River Can-
yon State Park: July 11, 1934, Prison &
DeLong, 4 c$ , 59. Di.xon Springs: July

29, 1934, DeLong & Mohr, \i. Doi.son:

Rockv Branch, July 18, 1934, DeLong k
Ross, 12,3 , 3 9 . Fern Cliff: Aug. 3, 1934,

DeLong & Mohr, 19. Kankakee: July

20, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 $ . 1\Larshall:

Sept. 27, 1934, Prison & Ross, 1 9 . North-
ern Illinois: 29. Pai.os Park: Aug. 8,

1935, DeLong & Ross, 3 <J , 19. White
Pines Forest St.ate Park: Aug. 27, 1934.

DeLong & Prison, 1 9 .

7. Osbornellus clams Beamer

Oshornrllus clariis Beamer (1937, p. 99).

Length 5.0-5.5 mm. Closely resembling

lonsors but more distinctlv marked and

without the branched aedeagus processes.

X'ertex with distinct white apex; margm
and a median triangle just behind apex
conspicuously white, these markings bor-

dered by heavy fuscous lines; a rather defi-

nite darker area forming a banded pigmen-
tation between the eyes. Scutellum pale,

with dark basal angles. Elytra cinereous,

with dark veins.

I'^enKile seventh sternite roundedlv pro-

duced. Each male plate \\ ith a long slender

attenuated apex. Each style with apical

half slender and tapered. Aedeagus, fig.

284, with a pair of long slender curved proc-

esses arising ventrally and curving dorsally.

This species occurs on herbaceous plants

in open woodland. Specimens of this species,

collected in the eastern United States, have

for many years been listed under the name
sitilaris Van Duzee ; sctilaris is a species

distributed only in the southwestern United

States.

Illinois Record.

—

Duncans Mills:
near Spoon River, Oct. 20, 1941, 19.

44. PRESCOTTIA Ball

Prescottla Ball (1932, p. 16).

Fig. 215. Head narrower than pronotum;

vertex angular, broad and flat or concave,

with a sharp margin acutely angled with

front, f^lytra each with outer anteapical

cell, fig. 215, parallel with the costa; about

four or five reflexed veinlets to costa and

an equal number along costal area; cells

anterior to the apical ones more or less

reticulate, especially along claval suture.

Two described species belong to this

genus, one of which occurs in the eastern

United States and has been collected in Illi-

nois.

1. Prescottia lobala (V^an Duzee)

Scaphoideus lobatus Van Duzee (1894i, pp.

199, 211).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Pale yellow or white,

marked with black lines and spots. Vertev

yellowish, with a brown line above and

parallel to margin, and a transverse brown

line between eyes enlarged to a spot on disc.

Elytra milky white, nervures broadly brown

or black and with numerous heavy and large

blackish blotches or inscribed lines; brown

markings on each clavus heavy, forming

three distinct white lobes along commissural

line (in inner margin. Female seventh ster-



208 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I'ol. 24. Art. 2

nite with posterior margin almost truncate,

slightly notched. Male plates, fig. 29.?, nar-

row, with slender recurved tips.

This species occurs in open woods or at

woodland margins upon Snliilayo cat'sia and

probably other species of plants. Collecting

would indicate it is quite restricted in re-

gard to its food plants.

Illinois Records.

—

Starved Rock State

Park: July 14, 1932, Dozier k Park, 1 <5

.

ZiON : July 25, 1934, Frison & DeLong,
1 £ ; Aug. 7, 1936, DeLong & Ross, 1 S .

45. SANCTANUS Ball

Sanctanus Ball (1932, p. 10).

Front margin of vertex round to bluntly

angled, disc slightly convex, meeting front

in an acute angle. Elytra each with two
cross nervures between the first and second

sectors; central anteapical cell constricted

and divided; outer anteapical cell usually

narrow at both ends, and usually having

one or more refiexed veinlets to the costa

as well as extra reticulations in some cells.

Most species are marked by pigmented sad-

dle patterns.

Ten species of this genus are recorded

for the United States by Oman (1934) and

DeLong & Knull (1945). Eight of these

occur in the eastern states, and one of them
has been taken in Illinois.

L Sanctanus sanctus (Say)

Jassus sanitus Say (1831, p. 307).
Sraphoideus pictiiratus Osborn (1898, p. 243).

Length 4-5 mm. White, with a brownish
band across elytra. Vertex rather sharply

angled, white with two minute fuscous

spots near apex. Pronotum with disc some-
what fuscous. Elytra white, each with a

cruciform brownish band bordered with
black; band covering posterior two-thirds

of each clavus, a small round white spot at

middle of band on commissural line. Female
seventh sternite slightly notched at middle
of posterior margin. Male plates, fig. 289,

rather long and slender, longer than com-
bined basal width; apexes blunt.

This species occurs commonly in the

southern fifth of the state on herbaceous
plants. It is one of the most conspicuously

marked of the Illinois species of leafhop-

pers.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 29 to October 6, are from Cache,

Carmi, Dubois, Elizabethtown, Meredosia,

Metropolis, Olive Branch, Quincy, Rosi

clare, and Thebes.

46. PLATYMETOPIUS Burmeister

1Platymctopius Burmeister (1838, pi. 14)

Head narrow, face plain, supernumerary

veinlets short and at right angles to costa.

Each elytron has only one cross nervure be-

tween the sectors. The species of this genus

are without vermiculate markings.

Two species are at present included in

this genus for the United States and one of

these occurs in Illinois. The other, pallio-

liitus, is found in Texas.

Key to Species

Color orange yellow, with white areolar spots

1. vitellinus
Color lemon yellow; pronotum and scutellum

dark brown; a narrow brown stripe on each
elytron along margin of scutellum and ex-

tending along suture to apex
2. paltiolatus

L Platymetopius vitellinus (Fitch)

Acoceplialus vitellinus Fitch (1851, p. 57).

Fig. 298. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. Orange
yellow, with an oblique testaceous stripe on

each elytron. Vertex and face pale yellow,

usually a narrow black line just below

margin of vertex. Pronotum yellow anteri-

orly, darker posteriorly. Scutellum pale

yellow, the basal angles darker. Elytra

yellow, with many white spots, each with a

testaceous band at base, and another testa-

ceous oblique band parallel to it from costa

to ape.x of clavus. Female seventh sternite,

fig. 296, with the posterior margin shallowly

emarginate and with a narrow blunt tooth

arising from the middle, the tooth longer

than its basal width and bifid at apex. Male
plates, fig. 297, convexly rounded, then nar-

rowed to acute apexes.

This species occurs on herbaceous vegeta-

tion in shrubby or open woodland areas.

It has been taken from wild rose, but this

may not represent a definite host plant.

It is transcontinental in distribution.
\

Illinois Records.

—

Apple River Can-
yon State Park: July 11, 1934, DeLong
& Ross, 1 9 . Beach: July 25, 1934, Frison

& DeLong, 19. Freeport: June 27, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 1 <5 . Galena: July 10,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 5 . Grand De-

tour: July 12, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 19.

i



June, 1948 DeLonc: Leafhoppers of Illinois 209

293 B

Athysaiiinae, male and female genitalia. The figures illustrate chiefly some generic characters.

A, ventral aspect of male genitalia, both internal and external structures; B, lateral aspect of

male geiitalia, lioth internal and external structures; ('.. female genitalia, external structures

only. Internal «iructures imlicated l)v briiken lines.

Fi^. 287.

—

Exiliiinus ohsiurhu-ivis. Hi^. 290.

—

Aiiirhinus pyrups.

Fi^. 288.

—

Upsius startogalus. Fi^. 291.

—

Japananus hyatinus.

Fig. 289.

—

Saiiitiinus siimtus. Fig. 292.

—

Rrmadosus magnus.

Fig. 29i.—l'nscolliii lubala.



210 Illinois Natural History Survey Bullf.tin rol.24,Art.2

Oakwood: June 18, 1926, Prison & Hayes,

1 i . Waukec.an: May 14, 1930, Frison &

Ross, 2 9 .

Fig. 294.

—

Mesamia tilgridorsum, lateral as-

pect of male genitalia.

Fig. 295.

—

Mesamia nigridorsum, elytron.

Fig. 296.—Platymetopius vitcllinus, female

genitalia.

Fig. 297.

—

Platymetopius vitellinus, lateral

aspect of male genitalia.

Fig. 298.—Platymetopius vitellinus: a, adult;

//, head and pronotum ; r, face; d, female

genitalia; e, male genitalia; /, elytron; g,

nymph. (From Osborn.)

2. Platymetopius palliolafus (Ball)

Eutettix palliolata Ball (1902a, p. 13).

Length 5-6 mm. Pale lemon yellow,

tinged with greenish or brown. Pronotum,

scutelluni, and a narrow sutural stripe

extending to apex of elytra dark brown;

anterior portions of stripes often narrowly

margined with white; brown stripe often

contains smaller white spots. Face pale

yellow, straight in lateral view. Vertex

rather strongly produced and bluntly angled,

about one and one-half times as wide be-

tween eyes at base as median length. Vertex

flat, with a sharp margin.

Female seventh sternite truncate pos-

teriorly, with a median produced blunt tooth

notched at apex, tooth occupying the median

fourth of segment and half as long as basal

width. Male plates rather long, apexes

bluntly rounded. Styles gradually tapering

from bases to blunt apexes. Each pygofer

with a spine arising ventrally at about the

middle on either side and extending beyond

apex. Aedeagus short, rather broad at base,

narrowed to bifid apex, curved dorsally,

then anteriorly.

This species is known only from Texas.

47. JA PANANUS Ball

Japananus Ball (1931f, p. 218).

Fig. 211. This genus is described as simi-

lar to Platymetopius in having the single

cross nervure and the vermiculate mark-

ings. Vertex rather long and acute; elytra

each with few or no veinlets to the costa.

The latter character is probably the best

one to use in separating it from the closely

allied genera.

The only species known in this genus is

an Oriental importation and occurs com-

monly upon maples in Illinois. Thus far in

the United States, it is known to occur in

the easlern part only.

1. Japananus hyalinus (Osborn)

Platymetopius hyalinus Osborn (1900<i, p.

501).

Length of male 4.5 mm., female 5.5 mm.

Face bright yellow, vertex, pronotum, and

scutellum gray to green, tinged with bright

yellow and smoky, often with pale longi-

tudinal stripes on middle and from disc of

vertex to eyes. Elytra hyaline, veins dark,

a narrow, broken band of brownish spots



June. 194S DkLong: Leafhoi'I'ers of Illinois 211

across anterior portion of each clavus, an-

other across apex, and a third crossing; apical

portion of each elytron at apical crossveins.

Vertex in female more than twice as Ion;;

as basal width between the e>es, deeply

furrowed longitudinally. Male with vertex

more blunt, about one and one-half times

as long as basal width between the eyes,

disc deeply depressed. Pronotum short and

broad in both sexes, more than twice as

wide as median length, eyes extending over

anterior margin rather deeply on each side.

Kemale seventh sternite concavely pro-

iluccd for more than twice its length on

posterior margin to form a long broad

pointed tooth reaching two-thirds the length

of pygofers. Male plate, fig. 291, long, tri-

angular on basal half, then narrowed to

form narrow attenuate tip, which is pro-

duced about the length of the basal half.

Illinois Records.

—

Alton: July 19-21,

1932, Ross & Dozier, 11 c? , 13 9 ; June 27,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 4<5 . J.acksonville:

Aug. 23, 1943, 1 <i , 1 2 . Monticello: Sept.

22, 1934, H. H. Ross, 19. O.ak L.awn:

in lamp globe, Aug. 22, 1934, 1 9 . Urb.an.a:

Aug. 10. 1932. H. H. Ross, 3 9 ; Aug. 10.

19,^2, H. H. Knight, 1 t5 , 1 9 ; Sept. 7, 1934,

Ross & Townsend, 3^,15; Aug. 28, 1934.

Ross & Townsend, 3 9 .

48. SCAPHYTOPIUS Ball

Scaphytupius Ball (I931(, p. 218).

\'ertex flat, eyes large, deeply set into

pronotum. Pronotum broader than head,

venation regular, with two crossveins. Male
genitalia with a single heavy portion that

is bifid at apex.

Only one species, elegans, with three va-

rieties, is known to occur in the United

States. It is recorded from California, Ari-

zona, and Florida.

1. Scaphytopius elegans (Van Duzee)

I'latymetnpius elidans Van Duzee (1890<", p.

94).

Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Pale brown, vertex

margined with black anteriorly, a narrow

pale median stripe at apex merging with a

broad pale yellowish longitudinal stripe that

extends from near apex of vertex across

pronotum, scutellum, and each clavus of

elytra to apex of clavus; stripe includes

entire scutellum. Elytra brownish suhhya-

line, costal veins brown. Face dull yellow.

with a brown line above, leaving a narrow
pale marginal band between the two parallel

dark lines. Vertex blunt at apex, almost

twice as long at middle as basal width be-

tween eyes at base.

Female seventh sternite rather broadly

and roundedly produced on posterior mar-
gin. Male styles, fig. 241, with short thick

apical processes that are curved outwardly.

Aedeagus short and rather broad, with a

pair of rather heavy divergent finger-like

processes at apex.

This species is known only from I'lorida,

Arizona, and California.

49. CLOANTHANUS Ball

Cluanlhanus Ball (1931f, p. 219).

Fig. 299. \'ertex flat, acutely angled,

longer than basal width between eyes. Gena
visible behind eyes. Pronotum broader than

head. Elytral venation regular, two cross

nervures between sectors, and numerous
short reflexed veinlets to costa. Male geni-

talia with a dorsal portion and a pair of

long ventral processes.

This genus includes almost all of the

eastern species formerly placed under

Pliitxmclopius. DeLong (1943, 1945) and

Hepner (1946) record about 85 species and

subspecies as occurring in the United States.

Thirteen species have been taken in Illinois,

and several more may occur here.

The structures of the male genitalia pre-

sent the most reliable characters for dis-

tinguishing the species of this genus. The
c'.ilor characters will aid in the identification

of females of some species, but they are not

entirely reliable.

Key to .Species

1. Males 2

Females 30
2. Long ventral paired processes of aedeagus

slender to apexes, often coiled, curved,

or branched but not broadened near
apexes, as in fig. 300 3

Ventral paired processes each broadened or

bladelike just before apex, often bear-

ing a dorsal spine, as in fig. 312 15

3. Paired processes coiled around dorsal

portion of aedeagus, as in fig. 301 .4
Paired processes extending toward caudal

portion of pygofers, usually crossing

each other and sometimes crossed over

dorsal aedeagus portion but not coiled

around it, as in fig. 302 5

4. \ertex long, sharp; face brown; dorsal

surface of body usually tinged with red

.18. rubellus



212 Illinois Natural History Survey Hulletin lol.24,Art.2

Vertex shorter; face yellowish; dorsal sur-

face of bodv cinereus, never hrown or

tinged withVed 17 cmereus

5 Paired aedeagus processes each bearing

a distinct inner branch at about two-

fifths the distance from apex, hg. Ml. .

6

Paired aedeagus processes not branched_,

6 Brownish' fulvous, unmarked. 26. fulvus

Brown, with a black pronotum, anterior

portion of scutellum often black ._-

^ 27. collans

7 Ventral ' processes, fig. 303, crossed and

bent over dorsal portion of aedeagus,

then curved ventrally; color greenish

brown..: 16. angustatus

Ventral paired processes not bent over

dorsal aedeagus, but extending ""5l'''''>:

to apexes of pygoters, as in fig. 305
.

, .
K

8. Face yellow, often margined with brown.
^

Face irrorate with brown -13

9 Dorsal portion of aedeagus thick, rather

heavy and broadlv rounded at base,

as in' fig. 306 .10

Dorsal portion of aedeagus more elongate,

slender, and with basal curve more V-

shaped and pointed at base, as in hg

10.

11.

304.
11

Black above, face bright yellow. ._.

28. frontalis

13

Grayish green, tinged with brown
23. parvus

Vertex twice as long as basal width be-

tween eyes 29. slossonj

Vertex more than half as wide between

eyes at base as median length 12

12. Each pygofer, fig. 307, long and tapered

to a narrow blunt apex; dorsal portion

of aedeagus especially elongated
19. acutus

15

Kach pvgofcr shorter, more rounded;

dorsaf portion of aedeagus shorter, as

in fig. 308 .13
F.ach style, fig. 308, with long apex formed

by the gradual narrowing of the outer

margin beyond middle; dorsal portion

of aedeagus long and sinuate
20. filamentus

Each style, fig. 309, abruptly narrowed at

three-fourths its length, apical processes

short- dorsal portion of aedeagus straight

and thicker at base 25. tenuis

14. Each pygofer, fig. 310, short, with a bluntly

pointed apex on dorsal margin; ventral

paired processes broadly curved ven-

trally and anteriorly at apexes
21. cinnamoneus

E.ach pygofer, fig. 311, long, tapered

gradually to narrow blunt apex, greatly

exceeding plates 22. abbreviatus

Blades of ventral aedeagus processes with-

out spines on dorsal or inner surfaces,

as in fig. 303 IS
Blades of ventral aedeagus processes bear-

ing some kind of pointed spinelike

structures on dorsal or inner surface,

as in fig. 315 , 18

Blades scarcely widened on apical portion,

fin. 303 16- angustatus

Blades distinctly widened, as in figs. 312,

314 17

Face brown, vertex appearing banded

transversely 1- verecundus

Face yellow, with darker margins, vertex

not appearing banded 2. argutus

Face and vertex pale; pronotum, scutellum,

and elytra darker
, T ' ^-^

Vertex brown or black, with pale longi-

tudinal markings 21)

Face and vertex white; pronotum, scutel-

lum, and elytra shiny black, with tew

pale spots or areoles 14. bicolor

16.

17.

19.

Fig. 299.—Cloanthanus frontalis.



June, 194S DeLon'u: Leafhoppers of Illinois 213

FRONTAUS

Figs. 300-306.—Cloantlianus, male genitalia. A, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect.



214 li.i.ixois Natural History Survey Bulletin' J'ul.24.Art.2

/3IIA

ABBREVIATUS ABBRtVIATUS VERECUNDUS

Figs. 307-312.

—

Cloanthanus, male genitalia. A, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect.

i



Junr. I94S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 215

NICRIFRONS ATRATUS TRIANOULABrS

Figs. 313-319.

—

Ctniintliiinus, male genitalia. -•/, vciilral aspect; li, lateral aspect.



216 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J ol. 24, Art. 2

Face and vertex dull yellow; pronotum 32.

irrorate with brown, elytra pale, with

brownish irrorations, apex of each ely-

tron pale 13. dorsalis

20. I''ace yellowi.sh 21

Face brown or black 23 33.

21. Vertex long and pointed; blades of aedea-

gus processes, fig. 313, forming large

triangular plates at apex
15. cuprescens 34.

Vertex pointed but shorter; apical por-

tions of processes formed into elongate

blades, as in figs. 321, 324 22 35.

22. Blade of each aedeagus process, fig. 321,

widened between spine and apex
3. hastus

Blade of each aedeagus process, fig. 324, ta-

pering from spine to apex. . .4. lanceus
23. Spine large, forming a triangle with apex, 36.

fig. 319 12. triangularis
Spine smaller, at least one-fourth the

distance from apex and not forming a

triangular apex, as in fig. 317 24 37.

24. Blades narrow, spine almost one-half the

distance from apex to base, as in fig.

317
^

25
Blades shorter, spine nearer apex, not more

than one-third the distance from apex 38.

to base, as in fig. 322 27
25. Vertex dark, with few pale markings;

face almost black 9. atratus 39.

Vertex with pale markings, appearing
transversely banded; face brown... 26 40.

26. Spine conspicuous, each style with narrow
apical processes about one-fifth the 41.

length of entire style, fig. 320
10. magdalensis

Spine minute, each style with narrow
apical processes about one-third the

length of entire style, fig. 325 42.

11. vaccinium
27. Vertex appearing banded or marked with

pale areas; face pale brown or with
brownish irrorations 28

Vertex dark brown to black, with few 43.

pale markings; face dark brown to

black.,,.. 29
28. Vertex white, with brown markings;

aedeagus blade, fig. 322, narrow, spine
large, bent inwardly, slightly broadened
between spine and apex 7. varius

Vertex more brownish, with a banded ap-
pearance; blade, fig. 323, broadest at

spine, concavely tapered on dorsal mar- 45.

gin to sharp-pointed apex
8. andromus

29. Face black; aedeagus blade, fig. 316,
narrow, about uniform in width between 46.
delicate spine and apex. . .5. nigrifrons

Face dark brown; blade, fig. 318, broadest
at blunt spine, from which it is tapered
to sharp-pointed apex 6. scriptus

30. Face and vertex pale, unmarked; pronotum
and elytra darker 31

Vertex not pale, unmarked 32 47.
31. F'ace and vertex white; pronotum, scutel-

lum, and elytra shiny black, elytra with
few pale markings 14. bicolor 48.

Face and vertex dull yellow; pronotum
irrorate with brown, scutellum pale, 49.
elytra with pale brownish irrorations,
each apex pale 13. dorsalis

Fulvous brown, pronotum and anterior

portion of scutellum black
27. coUaris

Color black or brown, but not brown with
black pronotum 33

Color black above, face bright yellow. . , .

28. frontalis
Color not black above, not with bright

yellow face 34
Face some shade of yellow, often margined

with brown 35
Face pale to dark brown or black 43
Vertex long, sharp pointed, usually less

than two-thirds as wide between eyes
at base as median length 36

Vertex shorter, often sharply angled,
usually more than two-thirds as wide
between eyes as median length 38

Color usually dark brown, tinged with red
above and on face 18. rubellus

Cuprescent or pale brownish, not tinged

with red 37
Pale brown. Known only from Florida, . ,

29. slossoni
Copper colored. Known only from the

northeastern United States

15. cuprescens
Gray, tinged with green above and on face

16. angustatus
Not tinged with green 39
Gray in color 40
Brown or fulvous in color 41
Length 4.0 mm 17. cinereus
Length 3.5 mm 23. parvus
Fulvous brown in color, with few pale or

areolar spots except at apical cross-

veins 26. fulvus
Brown, with numerous pale and areolar

spots throughout the elytra 42
Vertex sharply pointed, heavily intuscated

with brown 2. argutus
Vertex usually blunter, pale brown, less

heavily infuscated
19. acutus, 20. filamentus, 25. tenuis

Vertex twice as long as basal width be-

tween eyes, banded 1. verecundus
Vertex shorter, not less than two-thirds

as wide between eyes as median length

,_
44

44. Vertex appearing banded transversely. , .

: 45

^47

Vertex pale, with dark markings, pale

areas large and conspicuous
7. varius

Vertex darker, pale areas small 46
Band on vertex formed by a V-shaped

lighter spot on either side of vertex

anterior to eyes. Known only from
Florida 8. andromus

Band usually less conspicuous, without
V-shaped pale areas at sides of vertex

,10. magdalensis, 11. vaccinium
Vertex with a sharp-pointed produced

apex 48
Vertex less sharply produced 49

Face pale brown 21. cinnamoneus
Face dark brown 22. abbreviatus
Elytra shiny black, with few pale or

areolar spots except on apical cross-

veins 5. nigrifrons

Vertex dark in color or without bands.



June, 194S DeLong: Leafhopi'Ers of Ii.mxois 217

Elytra black or brown, mottled with pale
spots or areolcs 50

50. Brown in color, with white longitudinal
marks on vertex 6. scriptus

Black in color, vertex marked with tewer
light lines or spots 9. atratus

1. Cloanthanus verecundiix ( \'aii Du/.ce)

I'l/ilymilo/iius vi-reciuidiu Van Duzee (1910,

p. 227).

Length .1.5-4.0 mm. Vertex rather sliarpi)

angled, more than twice as long at middle

as basal width between eyes. Dark brown,

tinged with orange, a broken pale band

across verte.x before anterior margins of

eyes, and pale spots at base of vertex. Pro-

notum marked with five longitudinal lines.

Scutellum orange. Elytra pale, with rather

sparse reticulations, leaving many pale areas

and areolar spots; veins brown. F"ace rather

heavily irrorate with brou n.

female seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced on posterior margin. Male plates

almost as long as pygofers, gradually nar-

rowed to blunt ape.xes. Each style with

short narrow finger-like apex produced on

inner margin. Aedeagus, fig. .?12, with a

rather narrow dorsal portion that is nar-

rowed on apical fourth and curved upward
at base; ventral paired processes long and

curved, with widened spearlike blades on

apical third; spines absent.

This species is known only from Florida

and the southeastern states.

2. Clotnithaiitis argutiis DeLong

Ctoanlliitnus tiri/utus DeLong (1945, p. 24).

Length 4 mm. In form and general ap-

pearance resembling liastus but smaller and
with distinctive male genitalia. Vertex

rather sharply angled, a little more than

half as wide as median length, one-fourth

longer than pronotum. Dorsum dark brown,
with pale markings. Vertex with conspicu-

ous pale longitudinal vittae. Pronotum
with several pale punctate spots. Elytra

with brown veins and irrorate markings,

leaving pale areas throughout and several

round pale areolar spots. Face dull yellow

below, brown above.

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced on posterior margin. Male plates

shorter than pygofers, gradually sloping to

bluntly pointed apexes. Each style, fig. ,?I4.

narrowed somewhat at about three-fourths

its length, apex rather broad, blunt, and

produced about one-fourth the length of

st\ le ; dorsal portion of style medium in

length, a little narrower at apex than base.

N'entral paired processes of aedeagus with
apical third widened to form a narrow blade
that does not bear a spine on dorsal margin.
Each pygofer broadly rounded at apex.

This species is recorded only from
(jeorgia.

.^. CloinitluniHs liastus DeLong

Cl'iaiit/iiiriiu luistus DeLong (1945, p. 24).

Length 4.5 mm. Resembling acitliis in

form and general appearance but with a

pale brown face. Vertex elongate, sharply

angled, decidedly more than half as wide
between eyes at base as median length. Dor-
sum rather dark brown, vertex with median
apical vitta and slender elongate lines pale.

Pronotum with five longitudinal vittae. Ely-

tra rather heavily irrorate with brown, veins

brown; many pale areas and areolar spots.

Face pale brown.

Female seventh sternite roun<lcdly |iro-

duced on posterior margin. ALile plates

almost as long as pygofers, gradually nar-

rowed to blunt apexes. Each style, fig. M\,
elongate, with abruptly narrowed finger-like

process on inner margin of apex, the process

almost one-third the length of the style.

Aedaegus with the dorsal portion rather

short and thickened and bluntly pointed at

base; paired ventral processes each long and

narrow to apical fifth, then widened to form

spearlike blade that is pointed at apex,

each blade bearing a small spine on the upper

surface about one-fourth the distance from

apex.

This species has been collected in Wis-

consin, Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 18 to October 2, are froin

Alton, Cave in Rock, Centralia, Des Plaincs,

Dixon. Dolson, Eichorn, Fairfield. Galena,

(jeff, Herod, Keithshurg, .Mahomet, Ozark,

Pulaski, Vienna, ^V'auconda, and White

Pines Forest State Park.

4. Cloanthanus lanccus DeLong

Cloanthanus lanccus DeLong (1945, p. 26).

Length 4 mm. Small, sharp headed, re-

sembling ari/uttis in general appearance but

\\ith distinctive genitalia. Vertex sharply

pointed, almost half as wide between eyes

at base as median length. Vertex pale



218 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin l'ol.24./irt.2

brownish, with longitudinal pale markings.

Pronotum dark brown, with five pale longi-

tudinal vittae. Scutellum paler than prono-

tum, apex pale brown. Elytra finely irro-

ratc with dark brown, only a tew pale spots

visible and with few areolar spots. Face

uniform dull yellow to pale brown, with-

out infuscation above.

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced on posterior margin. Male style, fig.

.^24, notched on outer margin at about three-

fourths its length, forming a finger-like

process that is produced to form the apex of

the style. Dorsal portion of the aedeagus

medium in length, with a sharp bend at

base; ventral paired processes curved

VACCINIUM VACCINIUM LANCEUS

Figs. 320-325.

—

Cloanthanus, male genitalia. A, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect.



June, W-fS DkLonc. : Lir.AFHoi'i'ERS OK Illinois 219

thr()uji;h the bend in the dorsal portion, their

apexes broadened to form bladelike struc-

tures that extend about one-tourth the

length of process and bear a pointed heel

on upper inner angle of blade.

This species has not been taken in Illinois.

It « as described from Georgia.

5. Cloaiitliiiiiiis nigrifioiis (DeLong)

Plalymetopius frontalis var. n'ujrifrons DeLong
(1923, p. 103).

Length 4 mm. \'ertex short, bluntly

angled, three-fourths as wide between eyes

at base as median length. Black, vertex

marked with white elongate spots. Prono-

tum with faint traces of white. Elytra

black, shiny, with few white markings repre-

sented only by white areolar spots along

commissural line of each clavus, and before

and posterior to the apical crossveins. Kace

heavily irrorate with dark brown or black.

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced on posterior margin. ^lale plates

almost as long as pygofers, gradually nar-

rowed and rather blunt at apexes. Each

style, fig. 316, rather narrow, apical fourth

abruptl}' narrowed and produced on inner

margin to form a long slender finger-like

process. Dorsal portion of aedeagus rather

long and thick, with apical fifth narrowed;

ventral paired processes long and slender

to apical fourth, which is broadened to form

spearlike blades with sharp-pointed apexes

and a rather prominent spine on upper mar-

gin almost one-third the distance from apex.

This black-faced species was described

from Connecticut.

6. Cloanthanus scriptus (Ball)

Plalymetopius scriptus Ball ( 1909*, p. 165).

Length 4 mm. Vertex short, about three-

fourths as wide between eyes at base as

median length. Dark brown, vertex with

a median white apical longitudinal vitta, a

white one along margin next to each eye,

a pair of discal white spots and small white

spots at base. Pronotum marked with five

longitudinal vittae. Scutellum with white

spots on disc, basal angles tan. Elytra irro-

rate with brown, veins brown, pale areas

throughout, and each elytron with round

white areolar spots on apical portion ; nu-

merous brown costal veinlets. Face heavily

irrorate with brown.

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-
duced posteriorly. .Male plates broad at bases

and with narrow rounded apexes. Each
style, fig. .?18, elongate, apical fourth pro-
duced into a slender finger-like apex on inner

margin. Aedeagus with dorsal portion long,

narrowed just before apex, pointed at base,

with an upturned spur; ventral paired

pieces long and slender, with widened blades

at apex that have barblike spines dorsally

about one-third the distance from apex.

This species occurs in the middle western
states and has been collected from several

localities in Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, collected ^L^y 18 to October .S, are

from Anvil Rock, Apple River Canyon
State Park, Elizabethtown, Marshall, Mon-
ticello, Ozark, Starved Rock State Park,

Warren, and White Heath.

7. CliiinilhaiiHS varius DeLong

(Uoantlianits varius DeLong (1945, p. 26).

Length 4 mm. Resembling magdaliiisis

in form but with vertex white, mottled with

brown, and with distinct male aedeagus.

X'ertex short, blunt, more than three-fourths

as wide between eyes as median length.

X'ertex with a marginal bar on either side

at apex, and longitudinal brown vittae at

apex and between eyes, giving it a trans-

versely banded appearance. Pronotum dark

brown. Scutellum tawny, with white spots

on median portion. Elytra brown, heavily

irrorate, with pale areolar spots. Face

heavily irrorate with brown.

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced on posterior margin. Male pygofers

decidedly longer than plates. Apical third

of each style, fig. .?22, narrowed to a slender

curved finger-like process. Dorsal portion

of aedeagus rather long, constricted just

before apex; each of ventral paired proc-

esses broadened on apical fourth to form

a blade; spine on upper margin about one-

third the distance from apex and bent in-

wardly on dorsal margin.

This species is known only from Illinois.

Illinois RcL-ords.

—

DixoN Si'RiNC.s:

July 9, 19.?5. DeLong & Ross, 1 9. EuzA-
rkthtown: June 25. 1932, Ross, Dozier, &
Park, 1 9. M.arshall: Sept. 27, 19.^5, Fri-

son & Ross, 19. MoNTiCELLO: June 11,

19.U. Frison & DeLong, 1 <J , 4 9 . Starved

Rock Stati; Park: July 14, 1932, Dozier



220 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin l'oL24,Art.2

k Park, I 9. White Pines Forest State

Park: July 12, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 ?.

8. Cloanthanus andromus (Ball)

Ndsuloideus andromus Ball (1931(-, p. 221).

Length 4 mm. Vertex short, almost three-

fourths as wide between eyes at base as

median length. Vertex tawny, with short

longitudinal vittae so arranged as to form

a broken pale transverse band before an-

terior margins of eyes, and a narrower band

at base. Pronotum brown, scutellum tawny.

Elytra with veins brown, with sparse brown

irrorations; costal veinlets brown, with

numerous white areolar spots throughout

the surfaces of elytra. Face pale brown.

Female seventh sternite roundedly pro-

duced on posterior margin. Male styles,

fig. 323, each with a narrow apical finger-

like process that is about one-fourth the

length of style. Dorsal portion of aedeagus

slender and elongate, curved at base, each

of ventral paired processes with apical third

broadened into blade that is sharp pointed

;

ape.\ of each blade dorsally pointed.

This species is known only from Florida,

but may occur in states farther north.

9. Cloanthanus atratus DeLong

Cdnanlhanus atraius DeLong (1945, p. 27).

Length 4 mm. In form and general ap-

pearance similar to vaccinium but with nar-

rower aedeagus blades. Vertex about three-

fourths as wide at base as median length.

Color brown, vertex with few pale mark-

ings, short apical median vitta conspicuous.

Elytra brown, with brown veins and scat-

tered brown irrorations, leaving many pale

areas and white areolar spots. Face heavily

irrorate with brown. Male plates decidedly

shorter than pygofers. Each style, fig. 317,

with short narrow apical process that is

about one-fourth the length of style. Dorsal
portion of aedeagus broad at base, narrowed
on apical fourth; each of ventral paired

processes with apical third widened to form
narrow blade, a small spine on dorsal mar-
gin more than one-third the distance from
apex.

This species is known only from Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Oregon: Castle

Rock, June 30, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 2 <5

.

VoLo: in bog, Aug. 24, 1935, DeLong &
Ross, 1 S .

10. Cloanthanus magdalensis

(Provancher) 1
l'ltilymelo[<ius miujdalcnsis Provancher (1889,

p. 275).
I'latymetopius obscurus Osborn (1905fl, p.

274).

Length 4.5 mm. In form and general ap-

pearance resembling acutus but with banded

vertex and brown face. Vertex short and

broad, more than two-thirds as wide be-

tween eyes as median length; brown, short

white vittae arranged to form a broken

transverse band before anterior margins of

the eyes, and a pale band at base. Pronotum

dark brown, scutellum pale brown. Elytra

brownish subhyaline, with darker irrora-

tions and with numerous pale areas and

areolar spots. F ace brownish irrorate. Male
plates not reaching apexes of pygofers,

plates gradually narrowed to bluntly pointed

ape.xes. Each style, fig. 320, narrow, with

short blunt narrowed finger-like apex that

is about one-fifth the length of the style.

Dorsal portion of aedeagus gradually nar-

rowed from a rather thickened base to nar-

row apex; ventral paired processes each

long and narrow to apical third, which is

widened, bladelike, and with a prominent

dorsal spine almost half the distance from

apex.

This species is northeastern in distribu-

tion and occurs on species of Vaccinium.

i
11. Cloanthanus vaccinium DeLong m

Cloanthanus vaccinium DeLong (1945, p. 27).

Length 4.5 ram. Short, broad headed,

closely related to magdalensis but with some

differences in the male genitalia. Vertex

three-fourths as wide between eyes at base

as median length; brown, appearing banded

with conspicuous elongate white vittae at

middle of apex and base. Elytra dull brown,

with scattered darker brown irrorations;

veins brown; white areolar spots along com-

missure of each clavus and in base of each

apical and apex of each anteapical cell. F"ace

heavily irrorate with brown. Each male

style, tig. 325, abruptly narrowed at two-

thirds its length, apical third finger-like and

curving slightly outward. Dorsal portion

of aedeagus broadly curved at base, nar-

rowed on anterior margin at apex; ventral

paired processes with apical third broadened

into bladelike portions; a large conspicuous



June. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 221

spine on dorsal margin more than one-third

the distance from apex.

This species is considered a synonym of

iiiiiiitlalciisis by Hepner (1946), hut I believe

that for the present it is advisable to con-

sider the two species as distinct, based on

the characteristics given in the key. More
material from various parts of the range

of the two species will ultimately solve this

problem.

This species is known only from Illinois,

and was taken on I iicciiiiiim in bogs.

Illinois Records.—Di.xoN : Sept. 17,

19.?5, DeLong & Ross, 1 5 . Gr.and De-
tour: July 12, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 29.
VoLO: July 27, 19.U, DeLong & Ross, 1 9 ;

in bog, Aug. 24, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 3 9 .

12. Cloanthanus tritiniulaiis DeLong

Clnanllimtus triani/utiii is DeLung (1945, p.

27).

Length 4 mm. Resembling iiiiujilaliiisis

but with .1 more pointed verte.\ and distinc-

tive male genitalia. Vertex sharply angled,

ahiiDst twice as long at middle as basal

« i<lth between eyes: dark brown, with

slender pale vittae. Elytra pale brown, irro-

rate with darker brown, leaving many pale

areas and areolar spots; veins brown. Face
heavily irrorate with brown. Male plates

almost as long as pygofers. Each style, fig.

319, with apical third narrowed and pro-

duced as finger-like process. Dorsal por-

tion of aedeagus rather short, narrowed to

blunt apex ; ventral paired processes enlarged

near apexes to form large pointed spines on

upper surface, spines about one-sixth the

distance from apex.

This species has been collected only in

Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Eichorn: Hicks

Branch, June 13, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 5 .

NoRRis City: June 17, 1934, DeLong &
Ross, 19. Shawneetown: June 14, 1934,

Ross & DeLong, 11 <5 , 19 9 ; June 27, 1936,

DeLong & .Mohr. 19.

13. Cloauthunus dorsalis (Hall)

I'Idlymelnpius frontalis var. Jorsalis Ball
( 19II9A, p. 164).

Length 4.5 mm. Vertex bluntly angled,

three-fourths as wide between eyes at base

as median length. Vertex, face, and venter

pale yellow. Pronotum irrorate with brown.

Scutellum pale, with brown basal angles.
Elytra pale, with brownish irrorations ex-
cept on apical portions; apical half of each
clavus pale, white areolar .spots along com-
missural line and on corium and along
apical crossveins; costal veinlets brown.
This species was described from Kansas.

In Illinois three specimens have been taken
that are quite similar to the type specimen
and have been referred to this species. The
male is unknown.

Illinois Records.

—

Doi.son: July 24,

1936, DeLong & Mohr, 19. Eichorn:
Hicks Branch, June 13, 1934, DeLong &
Ross, 19. St. Anne: July 20, 1934, De-
Long & Ross, 1 9 .

14. Cloanthanus hicolor (DeLong)

I'lufymilopiiis hiailnr DeLong (1916, p. 38).

Length 4 mm. Vertex bluntly angled in

the male, more than two-thirds as wide
between eyes at base as median length.

Vertex pale yellow, pronotum shiny black,

scutellum black, with a white margin on
apical angle. Elytra shiny black, without
areoles except on anterior apical cells; api-

cal border of each elytron white margined.
Face and thorax below pale yellow, un-

marked. Each male plate broad at base,

narrow at apex, and rounded. Each style,

fig. 315, with rather short finger-like proc-

ess, which is narrowed and curved out-

wardly at apex. Dorsal process of aedeagus

rather long, constricted just before rounded
apex, and curved dorsally at base; ventral

paired processes curved with half of a spear-

head blade bearing a barblike spine at base

about one-fourth the distance from apex.

This strikingly colored species is known
only from one male collected in Tennessee.

15. Cloanthanus cuprescens (Osborn)

Plutvmitopius (iipresi ens Osborn (1905i, p.

5l'7).

Length 5.5 mm. Vertex appearing sharp

pointed, three-fifths as wide at base be-

tween eyes as median length. Brown, vertex

uith a short conspicuous pale vitta at apex.

Pronotum with five pale longitudinal vittae.

Elytra pale, irrorate with brown, having

round white areoles and pale areas through-

out the elytral surfaces. Face dull yellow,

with a pale transverse band below apex, area

darker between this pale band and margin



97? Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin rol.24,/lrt.2

of vertex. Male plates rather short, with

blunt apexes. Dorsal process of aedeagus,

tin- .H,^, with a rather long ventral portion,

curved upward at base; a pair of ventral

processes extending from base, curved

around dorsal portion, then protruding to

form in apical region broad triangular

blades, each comprising about one-fourth of

the entire ventral process.

This is the most common of the northern

long-headed species of the genus.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 27 to October 3, are

from Alton, Antioch, Apple River Canyon

State Park, Cave in Rock, Centralia, Dixon,

Dolson, Dubois, Eichorn, Elizabethtown,

Evergreen Park, Galena, Geff, Gibsonia,

Grand Detour, Havana, High Knob, Jones-

boro, Keithsburg, Mahomet, Monticello,

(Oregon, Palos Park, Pike, St. Anne, Vienna,

Vole, White Pines Forest State Park, and

Wolf Lake.

16. Cloanthaniis angt4Status (Osborn)

Platymetopius anyustaius Osborn (1905i, p.

518).

Length 4 mm. Vertex in male bluntly

pointed, about two-thirds as wide between

eyes as median length, with longitudinal pale

vittae. Pronotum irrorate with brown;
scutellura tan. Elytra greenish-brown sub-

hyaline, without areolar spots except before

and just posterior to apical crossveins; pos-

terior costal and apical veinlets broadly

brown. Face tawny, male plates rather

short, with narrow rounded apexes. Each
style, fig. 303, with an abruptly narrowed,

short, finger-like process on inner margin,

about one-fifth the length of style. Dorsal

process of aedeagus rather short and thick;

paired ventral processes long and slender,

curved about the dorsal process, and with

very narrow scarcely widened blades.

This species has been recorded from New
York and Missouri, and has been collected

on pine in coniferous forests.

17. Cloanthanus cinereus (Osborn
& Ball)

I'latymelopius cinerrus Osborn & Ball (1897,
p. 193).

Length 4 mm. Vertex rather short, two-
thirds as wide as median length. Dorsum
appearing greenish gray, with three con-

spicuous white longitudinal vittae on vertex.

Pronotum with five conspicuous pale longi-

tudinal vittae. Elytra light in color, with

greenish-gray veins and sparse irrorations,

veins on apical portion darker; large areas

and areolar spots white. Face dull yellow.

Each male style, fig. 301, with apical third

narrowed and produced into a finger-like

apex on inner margin. Dorsal portion of

aedeagus rather broad at base, narrowed

to about half its basal width at apex ; ven-

tral paired processes long, slender, and

coiled around the dorsal portion of aedeagus.

This is the common prairie form of the

genus and is found abundantly on the Illi-

nois prairies. It has been recorded from the

southeastern United States and from the

Middle West.
Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken from June 12 to October 2,

are from Alsip, Amboy, Carman, Cave in

Rock, Des Plaines, Elizabeth, Evergreen

Park, Fairfield, Fulton, Grand Detour,

Gulfport, Hanover, Kampsville, Momence,
Oak Lawn, Oquawka, Oregon, Palos Park,

Port Byron, Putnam, St. Anne, Spring

Valley, Urbana, Watson, and Zion.

18. Cloanthanus rubellus (Sanders &
DeLong) '^^

Platymeioplus rubellus Sanders & DeLong
(1919, p. 231).

Length 4.0-4.5 mm. Vertex strongly pro-

duced and sharply angled, less than two-

thirds as wide between eyes at base as

median length. Dorsum reddish brown,

tinged with dark red. Vertex with a pale

median apical vitta, and a pale vitta on

either side of median vitta. Pronotum with

five pale longitudinal vittae. Scutellum tan.

Elytra brownish subhyaline, with darker

irrorations, costal veinlets on apical half of

each elytron brown margined; white areolar

spots on apical portion and along commis-

sural line of clavus. Face tawny, tinged with

red. Male plates broad at base, rather long,

and extending almost to tips of pygofers.

Apical third of each style, fig. 300, narrow,

finger-like, and produced almost straight on

inner margin. Aedeagus with a long slender

dorsal process and a pair of long slender

processes that are usually coiled around the

dorsal process.

The sharp-pointed vertex and reddish

color will usually separate this species, which

1



June, 194S DeLonc. : Leafhoi'pers of Illinois 223

has been found only on the East Coast of

the United States, from closely related

forms.

19. CloaiilhiitiHS acnliis (Say)

Jiissiis aiutus Say (1831, p. 306).

Length 4.5 mm. Vertex produced rather

sharply, almost two-thirds as wide between

eyes at base as median length. Dorsum
brown, vertex with median pale vitta at

apex, and conspicuous pale vitta on disc.

Pronotum dark brown, scutellum tawny.

Elytra pale, with scattered dark brown
irrorations, leaving many pale spots and

areolar spots. Face yellow, heavily infus-

cated with brown above the white line and

at sides. Male pygofers one-fourth longer

than plates. Each style, fig. 307, with api-

cal third abruptly narrowed and produced

as a slender finger-like process that curves

outwardly. Dorsal portion of aedeagus with

a long slender ventral process that is sinuate

and tapered to apex, the latter slightly en-

larged; ventral paired processes long and

narrowed to apexes. Each pygofer long,

narrowed to a blunt produced apex.

A common yellow-faced species, actitus

is transcontinental in distribution.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken from May 7 to September 24,

are from Adair, Alton, Amboy, Antioch,

Apple River Canyon State Park, Aurora,

Bushnell, Cave in Rock, Chester, Cypress,

Danville, Des Plaines, Dixon, Dolson,

Dubois, Elizabethtown, Elgin, Evergreen

Park, Fern Cliff, Fox Lake, Galena, Geff,

Golconda, Grand Detour, Grays Lake,

Gulfport, Hanover, Hardin, Harrisburg,

Havana, Justice, Kankakee, Karnak, Keiths-

burg, Lincoln, Mason City, Mound City,

Mounds, Muncie, Niota, Normal, Oak
Lawn, Oakwood, Ogden, Onarga, Oregon,

Ozark, Pecatonica, Princeton, Pulaski, Put-

nam, Quincy, Round Lake, St. Anne,

Shawneetown, Sparta, Starved Rock State

Park. Lrbana, \'andalia, Vienna, \'irginia,

Volo, Warren, Waukegan, Wolf Lake, and

Zion.

20. Cloanthiiiuis filamentiis DeLong

(Aiianthanus filiimeiitus DeLong (1945, p. 22).

Length 5 mm. Resembling acuttis in form

and gener.il appearance, but paler in color

and with a shorter dorsal aedeagus in male

and blunter pygofers. Vertex two-thirds as
wide between eyes at base as median length.
Dorsum light brown, with three pale vittac
on anterior portion of body. Pronotum with
the usual pale vittae. Apical half of scutel-

lum pale. Elytra rather sparsely irrorate
with pale brown so that many areolar spots
and pale areas are seen throughout the sur-
face. Face yellow, with hrown margin
above. Each male style, tig. 308, narrow,
gradually narrowed just beyond middle to

narrow curved apical process that is more
than one-third the length of the style.

Dorsal portion of aedeagus with an elon-

gated narrow process that is shorter than in

actitus. Ventral paired processes long,

slender, extending almost to apex of pygo-
fers. Pygofers more blunt at apexes than in

ucutus.

This species was described from Penn-
sylvania and has been taken at several

localities in Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Amboy: May 21,

1917, 1 i ; Aug. 8, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

I i. Des Plaines: Sept. 18, 1935, DeLong
& Ross, 3 i . Justice: July 23, 1937, Mohr
& Burks, 19. Kankakee: Aug. 8, 1935,

Ross & DeLong, 1 <i . Mounds: May 23,

1932, H. L. Dozier, 1 S . Oak Lawn: sand

prairie, July 27, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 <5 .

Oakwood: Aug. 17, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

1 6 Volo: Julv 16, 1935, DeLong & Ross,

1 i.

21. Ctoaiithaiiii.s cinnumoneiis (Oshorn)

Plalymilopius mayJalensis var. ci'iriiimiiinus

Osboni (1915, p. 114).

Length 4 mm. Resembling mulus in form

and general appearance hut with face pale

brown and with distinctive genitalia. Vertex

bluntly angled, about two-thirds as wide

between eyes at base as median length.

\'ertex, pronotum and scutellum cinnamon

brown, with pale elongate lines and vittae.

Elytra pale, with brown veins and rather

heavy brown irrorations having numerous

pale spots and areoles; costal veinlets broadly

brown. Face irrorate with pale brown.

Each male style, fig. 310, narrowed just

beyond middle, apical half forming a long

rather thick finger-like process. Dorsal por-

tion of aedeagus rather short, apex slightly

enlarged; ventral paired processes long,

slender, apexes curved ventrally and anteri-

orly.

This species has been taken only in



224 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2

Canada, Maine, and other northern states

liorderinji Canada. It is unique in genital

characters.

22. Cloanthanus abbreviatus (DeLong)

Ptutymrlopiiis ulihrcmatus DeLong (1916, p.

39).

Length 4 mm. Resembling acutus in form

and appearance but with a brown face.

Vertex bluntly angled, a little more than

half as wide at base as median length. Ver-

tex brown, with whitish longitudinal vittae.

Pronotuin dark brown, with five pale longi-

tudinal vittae; scutellum paler. Elytra pale,

uith brown veins and rather sparse reticu-

lations, leaving many white areas and areo-

lar spots; numerous costal veins brown.

Face marked with pale brownish irrorations.

Male plates about two-thirds as long as

pygofers. Each style, fig. 311, abruptly nar-

rowed at less than two-thirds its length and

produced as a long slender process that is

curved or hooked at apex. Dorsal portion

of aedeagus broadly curved at base, rather

thick throughout its length, and sinuate, the

apex pointed on inner margin; ventral paired

processes long and narrow. Pygofers long,

tapered to bluntly pointed apexes.

This species was originally described from

two female specimens from Tennessee. Ad-
ditional specimens, including males, have

since been taken in Wisconsin and Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Amboy: Aug. 8, 1934,

DeLong & Ross, 1 $ . Cave in Rock: Oct.

2, 1934, Ross, 2 i . Eichorn: Hicks Branch,

June 13, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 29. Ore-
gon: June 21, 1917, \i ; Aug. 23, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 4 cj , 4 5 . St. Anne: Aug.
21, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 5 ; Aug. 4, 1936,

i'rison & Burks, \$. Wolf Lake: July

30, 1934, DeLong & Mohr, 43.

23. Cloanthanus parvus (Lathrop)

PUilymi-topius parvus Lathrop (1917, p. 122).
Platymnideus ovideus Ball (1931f, p. 227).

Length 3.5 mm. Small, resembling cin-

ereus in color and general appearance. Ver-
tex blunt at apex, slightly more than half

as wide between eyes at base as median
length. Dorsum pale, marked with brown.
Vertex completely lined with pale longi-

tudinal vittae. Pronotum with brown reticu-

lations and five conspicuous pale longitudinal

vittae. Scutellum tawny. Elytra pale,

marked with brown veins and sparse reticu-

lations ; apex of each smoky, costal veinlets

brown, numerous white spots and reticula-

tions throughout. Face bright yellow, darker

above. Each male style, fig. 305, abruptly

narrowed at about two-thirds its length,

apical third narrow and produced into a

long finger-like process. Dorsal portion of

:iedeagus short and rather thick, broadly

rounded at base; ventral paired processes

long and slender, reaching almost to apexes

of pygofers.

This relatively minute species has been

collected only in the southeastern United

States.

24. Cloanthanus parvus var. niger

DeLong

Cloanthanus parvus var. niyer DeLong (1945,

p. 27).

Length 3.5 mm. Resembling parvus in

size and general appearance, but darker in

color and with shorter and blunter vertex.

Dark brown, vertex heavily irrorate with

a few pale longitudinal markings. Prono-

tum with five pale vittae. Scutellum paler.

Elytra irrorate with brown, leaving many
pale spots and white areoles. Face pale

brownish. Male genitalia similar to those

of parvus. The dorsal portion of the aedea-

gus short, rather thick, broadly rounded at

base; tJie ventral paired processes slender

throughout.

Known only from Alabama, this variety

appears to be distinct from typical parvus

in general appearance.

25. Cloanthanus tenuis DeLong

Cloanthanus tenuis DeLong (1945, p. 24).

' Length 4.5 mm. Resembling acutus in

form and general appearance but with a

shorter basally rounded dorsal process of

the aedeagus. Vertex a little more than

half as wide between eyes at base as median

length. Pale brown, vertex with pale longi-

tudinal vittae, especially on apical portion.

Pronotum darker on disc, scutellum with

apical portion orange yellow. Elytra marked

with pale brownish irrorations, leaving many
pale areas and areolar spots. Face yellow,

with a brown border above.

Each male style, fig. 309, with short

finger-like process at apex, about one-fifth

the length of the style. Dorsal portion of

aedeagus medium in length, narrow, and

with base sharply curved; ventral paired

I



June. 1948 DeLoxc. : Leafhoppers of Illinc 225

processes of aedeagiis long and slender,

reaching to apexes of pygofers.

Described from South Dakota and I'tah,

this species has not been collected in Illinois.

26. Cloanthaniis fiilvus (Osborn)

Platymelopius fuh'us Osborn (1905/>, p. 519).

Length 4.5 mm. Vertex bluntly angled,

in male less than two-thirds as wide be-

tween eyes at base as median length. Dor-
sum brownish fulvus, vertex paler, with
three faint longitudinal vittae. Scuteilum
pale, lateral angles brown. Elytra with pale

areoles before and caudad to apical cross-

veins, apical veinlets broadly embrowned.
Face dull yellowish, without darker mar-
gins. Male styles, fig. 302, each long and
narrow, with finger-like process on inner

margin, which is blunt at apex and projects

about one-fourth the length of the style.

Dorsal portion of aedeagus long and slender,

bowed upward at base; ventral paired proc-

esses long and slender, with a slender

branch arising on inner margin about two-
fifths the distance from each apex.

This is a common species in some north-

eastern states. It has been recorded from
New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, but has

not been taken in Illinois. It is similar to

lollarh in genital characters.

27. Cluaiithanus collaris (Sanders &
DeLong)

Plalymetopiiis collaris Sanders & DeLong
(1919, p. 232).

Length 4.5 mm. Closely related to fulvus;

vertex more bluntly angled and pronotum
dark brown or black. Vertex in male more
than two-thirds as wide between eyes at

base as median length. Median pale vitta

at apex of vertex conspicuous. Pronotum
dark brown to black, the lateral margins
often paler. Scuteilum with anterior half

black, posterior portion brown. Elytra dark
brown, costal veins and veins on apical por-

tions brown, areoles occurring only just

anteriad and posteriad to the apical cross-

veins. Face pale brown. The male genitalia

are similar to those of fulvus. Aedeagus
with the long slender paired ventral proc-

esses each branched on inner margin about

two-fifths the distance from apex.

This species, which is characteristically

marked, is known at present only from the

mountains of Pennsylvania.

28. Cloanthanus frontalis (Van Duzee)

Platymetopius frontalis Van Duzee (1890/' p
112).

Length 4.0-4.5 mm. Vertex short, bluntly
angled, three-fourths as wide between eyes
at base as median length. Color black,

vertex with conspicuous white vittae on
apical portion. Pronotum usually with
traces at least of pale longitudinal vittae.

Scuteilum bl.ick. Elytra heavily irrorate
\\\t\\ dark brown or black, with numerous
small white spots and white areoles; apex
of each broadly margined with black. Face
bright yellow, infuscated at sides and darker
above. Male plates almost as long as pygo-
fers. Each style, fig. 306. abruptly narrowed
at about two-thirds its length, apical third

slender and produced into finger-like proc-
ess. Dorsal portion of aedeagus rather
long, broadly curved at base; ventral paired

processes long and slender, reaching almost
to tips of pygofers.

This is a common species throughout Illi-

nois, occurring on leguminous and other

herbaceous plants and crops. It is recorded

from the eastern United States, the Middle
^Vest, and California.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 17 to October 3, are from
Adair, Anvil Rock, Arlington Heights,

Atlas, Barry, Beach, Bushnell, Cairo, Cave
in Rock, Cobden, Cornfield, Cypress, Dan-
ville, Decatur, Des Plaines, Dolson, Dubois,

Eichorn, Elizabeth, Evergreen Park, Fair-

field, Fern Cliff, Fulton, Geff, Gibsonia,

Glencoe, Grafton, Grand Detour, Grays
Lake, Hamburg, Hanover, Hardin, Harris-

burg, Havana, Herod, High Knob, Homer,
Justice, Kampsville, Karnak, Kinmundy,
Kirkwood, Lawrenceville, Luther, .Ma-

kanda. Marshall, Momence, .Mount Carinel,

Muncie, New Holland, Normal, Oak Lawn.
Oquawka, Oregon, Ozark, Princeton,

Pulaski, Quincy, Seymour, Shawneetown,

Sparta, Starved Rock State Park, Summit,

L'llin. Urbana, Ursa, Vandalia, Vienna,

X'irginia, Ware, Watson, Waukegan. Wolf
Lake, and Zion.

29. Cloanthanus slossoni (Van Duzee)

Platymetopius slossoni Van Duzee (1910, p.

222).

Length 4 mm. Resembling acutus in color

but with a long sharp pointed vertex. De-

cidedly less than half as wide between eyes



226 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J ol. 24. Art. 2

at base as median length ;
pale brownish,

with pale lonsjitudinal vittae. Pronotum

(lark brown, with five pale longitudinal vit-

tae. Eljtra pale, with brownish irrorations

and brown veins, leaving many pale areas

and pale areolar spots. Face yellow, infus-

cated with brown at margins and above.

Male plates almost as long as pygofers,

gradually narrowed to blunt tips. Apical

one-third of each style, fig. .?04, narrowed

to form a thick finger-like process. Dorsal

portion of aedeagus slightly tapered to a

blunt apex; ventral paired processes nar-

row, scarcely widened at apexes, tips sharp

pointed.

This long-headed species is known only

from Florida.

50. ACURHINUS Osborn

Acurhinus Osborn (1920, p. 15G).

Fig. 205. Head strongly produced, the

vertex with sides nearly straight, apex acute,

slightly concave above ; f rons reaching close

to eyes, antennal pits touching eyes, and

ocelli very close to eye borders; a distinct

furrow beneath the front margin between

vertex and front; front strongly convex.

Costa with strongly reflexed veinlets next

to the outer anteapical cell, which is much
reduced.

Only one species from the United States

is placed in this genus.

X. Aciirfiimis pyrops (Crumb)

Deltocrphahu pyrops Crumb (1915, p. 191).

Length .5.5-4.0 mm. Brownish yellow,

with a very long pointed vertex. Eyes and

ocelli bright red. Vertex with a black spot

on either side of apex, a posterior spot and

two pairs of transverse marks on disc fus-

cous. Face yellow, margined above with

brown. Elytra pale, nervures margined with

fuscous, costal areas yellowish.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 290C, with

posterior margin gradually sloping to the

middle third, which is almost squarely exca-

vated one-fourth the distance to base and

bears a short broad black tooth. Male
plates, fig. 290, short and broad, lateral

margins conve,xly rounded to broad blunt

slightly divergent apexes.

This species occurs in the eastern United

States, and is abundant in Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 12 to October 3, are from

Albion, Alton, Anvil Rock, Cave in Rock,

Dixon Springs, Dolson, Dongola, Eicborn,

Elizabethtown, Geff, Herod, Metropolis,

Parker, St. Anne, V^ienna, and Watson.

51. FLEXAMIA DeLong

Flexamia DeLong (1926fl, p. 22).

Figs. 224, 326. Vertex strongly produced,

pointed, disc flattened or slightly depressed,

acutely and sharply angled with the front.

Fig. 326.

—

Flexamia rrflexa: a, adult; h,

face ; f, head and pronotum ; d, female geni-

talia; e, male genitalia; /, elytron; ff, nymph;

k, face of nymph. (From Osborn.)

Face elongated, elytra with apical costal

veinlets reflexed or very short and right

angled. Inner claval veins often partially

coalescing, with or without appendix.

The species of this genus are usually

conspicuously marked by the broad white

coloration on the apical costal reflexed vein-

lets. In habit they are all grass feeding and

live in meadows, pastures, and prairies.

Twenty-seven species have been recorded

for the United States, chiefly middle western

regions. Eleven of these species have been

taken in Illinois. Several others may occur

in this state.

4



June. 194S DeLong : Leafhopi'f.rs of Illinois 227

Kev to Species

1. Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum, tig.

327. •/, marked by heavy coalescing black
bars and spots givint; the appearance of
a black wedge-shaped marking extend-
ing onto clavus ot each elytron

i. rubranura
Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum without
heavy black markings in the form of
coalescing bars and spots 2

2. Color bright yellow or yellowish olive,

with a large round black spot on center

of each elytron; vertex, fig. 327B, with-

out transverse marking .2. areolata
Color white, yellowish gray, or brownish

yellow, spots when present on elytra

smaller; vertex with transverse markings
or longitudinal stripes, or both 3

3. White or lemon yellow, marked with con-

spicuous brown longitudinal stripes on
base ot vertex, on pronotum, and on
scutellum 4

Some shade of brownish or grayish yellow,
not white, and without definite longitu-
dinal stripes on base of vertex, on pro-

notum, and on scutellum 5

4. Length not over 4.5 mm. Head and pro-

notum, fig. 327C, white with brown
stripes. Elytra not appearing longitu-
dinally striped 3. albida

Length more than 5 mm. Head and pro-
notum, fig. 327D, lemon yellow, with
brown stripes. Elytra appearing longi-

tudinally striped 4. grammica
5. Vertex broad, as wide between eyes as

median length or slightly longer than
width at base 6

Vertex more narrowed, decidedly longer
at middle than basal width between
eyes 7

(i. Female seventh sternite, fig. 328£, with
central obtuse lobe incised at middle
and bearing a conspicuous black tooth
at middle on each side. .Male plates,

fig. 337, truncate and divergent at tips;

inner margins of pygofers enclosing
long black styles that exceed plates

5. stylata
Eemale seventh sternite, fig. 328F, without
conspicuous black teeth on margins of
central lobe. Male plates, fig. 338,
convexly rounded to bluntly pointed
apexes; styles not visible 6. inflata

7. Female 15

Male 8

8. Male plates, fig. 339, scarcely narrowed
apically, broadly rounded 7. pectinata

.Male plates decidedly narrowed apically,
apexes not broadly rounded, as in

tig. 342 9
9. Male plates, fig. 342, strongly divergent on

apical third, apexes pointed
8. sandersi

Male plates with apexes appressed or
proximal, not divergent on apical third,

as in fig. 340 10
10. .Male plates rather long, concavely rounded

or straight on outer margins, not greatly
exceeded by pygofers, as in fig. 340. . 1

1

Male plates shorter, convexly rounded to
blunt apexes, exceeded bv pvgofers by
at least half their length, as in fig. 332

\3

INFLATA REFLEXA PICTA

K \ I

PECTINATA AB8REVIATA SANDERSI

Fi^. 327.

—

Flixiimid, .l-M, hcails ami pro-

nuta.



228 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24. Art. 2

11. Male plates, fig. 340, with produced 14.

finger-like processes on outer margins at

apexes. .Aedeagus with two terminal

serrate processes 9. bidentata
Male plates without finger-like processes

on outer margins at apexes. Aedeagus
with three terminal processes, as in 15.

fig. 341 .12

12. Aedeagus, fig. 341, with a dorsal terminal

process; a large ventral process with

two large spines at base; small proc-

esses at apex of aedeagus not serrate. . .

10. reflexa 16.

Aedeagus, fig. 329, without a dorsal termi-

nal process; large ventral process with-

out spines; small lateral apical proc-

esses serrate H. pralriana
13. Plates very short, pygofers exceeding

plates by their length. Aedeagus, fig.

331, with two terminal lateral processes
12. picta 17.

Plates long, pygofers exceeding plates by
about one-half their length, as in fig.

332 14

Aedeagus, fig. 332, with terminal processes.

Color creamy yellow, face black
13. imputans

Aedeagus, fig. 330, without terminal
processes. Color pale cinereus, face

infuscated 14. abbreviata
Female seventh sternite, fig. 328G, notched,

forming four median teeth on posterior

margin 7. pectinata
Female seventh sternite with not more

than two distinct teeth, as in fig.

328A: 16

Median notch on female seventh sternite,

fig. 328A', forming two broad teeth, each
of which is either truncate or concave
at apex

14. abbreviata
Teeth of median portion of seventh

sternite, if present, sharp pointed, some-
times wanting 17

Posterior margin of seventh sternite

truncate or sloping from lateral angles

to median produced portion, figs. 328/,
328/ 10. reflexa, 8. sandersi

INFLATA

PECTINATA SANDERSI

REFLEXA ABBREVIATA IMPUTANS

Fig. 328.—Flexamia, A-M, female genitalia.

BIDENTATA



Jim,-. 194S DeLong: Lkafhopi'ers of Illinois 229

18.

332 B

Figs. 329-332.

—

Hexiimiii. male genitalia. ./, ventral as|)eit ; li, lateral aspert.

Posterior margin of seventh sternite broad-
ly notched or concavely emarginate be-
tween lateral angles and median notch,

_
as in tig. 328/. 18

Creamy yellow in color, face black
13. imputans

Pale cinereus in color, face infuscated and
with some pale markings 19

19. Usually heavily marked with black or dark
fuscous, nervures of veins heavily in-

fuscated 12. picta
I'sually not heavily marked with black,

nervures ot elytra only moderately in-

fuscated .11. prairiana, 9. bidentata

1. Flexamia rubraniira DeLong

FUxamia rubraniira DeLong (1935a, p. 154).

Lenfjth ,?.0-.?.2 mm. Yellowish, with
heavy markings. Vertex, fig. .?27//, one-

third longer than width between eyes. Ely-

tra short, covering only the first three or

four abdominal segments. A broad black

wedge-shaped mark composed largely of

wide black transverse bars extending from
I apex of vertex to claval area of the elytra;

a pair of black spots on proniitiitii behind

the eyes and two pairs at about the tiiiilille

of the wings. Abdotiien with four longi-

tudinal black lines. Face and venter dark

brown to black. Tips of male pygofers

bright red.

Female seventh sternite, fig. ,328^^, almost

truncate, middle third slightly produced and

notched, forming a broad truncated or con-

cavely rounded tooth on either side and with

a black spot on cither side of middle. Male
plates gradually tapered to broadly rounded

apexes that are about one-half as wide as

basal width, exceeded in length by the bright

red pygofers. Aedeagus, fig. M3. with body

short; a process arises on either side and

extends into genital chamber; a ventral proc-

ess arises from base, curves ventrally and

caudally and lies between the terminals

of the two dorsal branches ; ventral process

consists of two long slender parallel and

proximal processes.

This species was described from northern

Illinois, where it occurs on the moist prai-

ries in at least two localities.



230 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J'ol.24,Art.2

342 B

341

A

REFLEXA REFLEXA SANDERSI

Figs. 333-342.

—

Flexamia, male genitalia; both internal and external structures shown.

A, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect.



Jinu-. I'US UkLoNG: LliAFHOPPliRS OF ILLINOIS 231

Illinois Records.

—

Evergreen Park:
All}:. 2i. 19.U, DeLo.iy; & Ross, 24 6 , 42 9

;

[ulv 1, 19.^5, DeLont; & Ross, 5 c5 . Sum-
mit: Tulv 17, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 12d,
12 9.

2. Flexamia areolata (Ball)

Oelloiephahu areolatus Ball (1899*, p. 188).

Length .5.5—l.O mm. Pale olive to bright

yellow. V^ertex, fig. 3275, more than one-

half longer at middle than width between

the eyes, with crescent marks at apex enclos-

ing a white spot. Elytra each with a large

black or fuscous blotch between sectors and

behind the first cross nervure, the outer

apical margin and anterior borders of the

broad white reflexed veins fuscous. Face

and venter black.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 328i5, with

the posterior margin angularly excavated

one-fourth the distance to base on either

side of a rounded medially notched tooth,

which is one-fourth the width of segment

and equals the lateral angles in length.

Male plates gradually narrowed to bluntly

pointed divergent apexes. Aedeagus, fig.

334, with three terminal processes, the two

shorter processes smooth; longer process

heavily clothed with coarse pubescence.

This species is a prairie type occurring

on a I'anicum or a closely related genus,

which grows on sand prairies and in similar

habitats. It is very common throughout the

prairies of Illinois and is recorded from the

eastern United States and west to Arizona.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 14 to October 4, are from Apple

River Canyon State Park, Barry, Carman,
Cave in Rock, Dixon Springs, Eichorn,

Fulton, Hanover, Havana, Marshall,

Oquawka, Oregon, Port Byron, St. Anne,

Thomson, Urbana, Vienna, and Watson.

3. Flexamia alhida (Osborn & Ball)

Dcltocephaliu all/uius Usboin & Ball (1897,

p. 201).

Length 4.25 mm. Milky white, with

brown marking. Vertex, fig. 3276\ a little

longer at middle than basal width between

eyes, a black or dark brown triangular

margin enclosing pale spot at apex, a trans-

verse band between eyes, and four or six

longitudinal lines across pronotum, the inner

pair arising on the base of vertex and ex-

tending across scutellum on to elytra. Elytra

with claval and apical margins, anterior

borders of reflected veins, and spots on each
ulavus and disc, brown or black.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 328C', divided

into three lobes by two angular excavations

extending one-third the distance to base;

central lobe almost as broad as the com-
bined width of the other two, incised at

middle, and with a slight blunt tooth on
either side. Male plates gradually tapering

to blunt convexly rounded apexes. Aedeagus,
fig. 336, with a pair of terminal processes,

each branched near base and giving rise to

two short ventrally or laterally directed

spines.

A distinctly marked species, alb'ula occurs

only in prairie habitats in a few middle

western states.

4. Flexamia grammica (Ball)

Di-llocrp/iiiliu yrammiciis Ball (1900//, p. 20+).

Length 5.25 mm. Lemon yellow, marked
with brown stripes. Vertex, fig. illD,
about one-fifth longer at middle than width

between eyes; white, washed with yellow;

fuscous crescent marks at apex, marginal

line and a transverse medially interrupted

band between ocelli also fuscous; a pair of

dark brown longitudinal stripes arising on

basal third of vertex and continuing across

pronotum and scutellum. Pronotum with

two additional lines behind each eye; four

central lines continuing on to elytra, the

two on each side converging and uniting

before tip of clavus, where they terminate.

Three other bands paler in color on each

elytron interrupted by pale yellow veins.

Face yellow, a black line just beneath mar-

gin of vertex.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 328/J, with

posterior margin angularly excavated one-

third the distance to the base; margin of

excavation near center slightly toothed and

marked with black. Male plates short and

broad, with broadly rounded apexes. Aedea-

gus, fig. 335, slender with two very short

laterally directed terminal processes; a

short dorsal process arises at base and has

a pair of longer processes at its apex.

An abundant species on the sand prairies

in Illinois, i/ruinmica is one of the most

striking in color of this genus. It has been

recorded previously from Colorado and

Nebraska.

Illinois Records.

—

I'UI.ton: Aug. 22,

1935, DeLong & Ross, 5i. Thomson:



232 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletii Vol. 24, Art. 2

Tune 30, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 113 5,

"lOl $ ; Aug. 16, 1937, Ross & Burks, 1 i ,

49.

5. Flexamia stylata (Ball)

Drllucfli'ilus slytatus Ball (1899A, p. 190).

Length 4.5 mm. Pale cinereous. Vertex,

(ig. 327£, very slightly longer than its basal

width, yellowish, with apical dark spots and

with a transverse broken line between

ocelli. Elytra marked as in flexulosa (Ball)

(1899/', p. 199), nervures pale, margined

with fuscous; outer region of each clavus

with a dark spot on either side of first cross

nervure of the djsc.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 328£, with

posterior margin produced on the middle

third into an obtusely triangular tooth, bifid

at apex and bearing a small lateral tooth

on either side. Male plates, fig. 337, round-

edly divergent at the apexes, which are half

as wide as at the bases; apexes truncate or

slightly and roundedly emarginate. Styles

long, narrow, black, exceeding pygofers.

This prairie species has been collected

only rarely, and very little is known of its

food habits. It has been recorded from Iowa

and Nebraska.

6. Flexamia inflatu (Osborn & Ball)

Dfltoccplialus infliiius Osborn & Ball (1897,

p. 202).

Length 3.0-4.5 mm. Yellowish to brown-

ish. Vertex, fig. 327F, almost as wide be-

tween eyes as length at middle, similarly

marked as in stylata. Pronotum and scutel-

lum with longitudinal markings. Elytra

with veins on each clavus, on the disc, and

on apical portion of each elytron bordered

with fuscous.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 328/", with

posterior margin roundedly notched on either

side of a central broad produced lobe, which

is notched at center and bears a black spot

and slight tooth on the sloping sides. Male
plates, fig. 338, gradually and convexly

rounded to appressed roundedly pointed

apexes, sometimes notched at apexes by the

sharp pygofer edges. Pygofers enlarged and
inflated. Aedeagus with a pair of short

lateral terminal processes and a long slender

ventral process that is twice the length of

the lateral.

This is one of the most common grass-

feeding species in Illinois and occurs abun-

dantly in meadow, pasture, and prairie habi

tats.

It is distributed over the eastern United

States and west to Colorado.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 30 to September 20, are

from Alsip, Amboy, Antioch, Barry, Beach,

Des Plaines, Evergreen Park, Fulton,

Homer, Kankakee, Macomb, McHenry,
Oak Lawn, Odin, Ogden, Oquawka,
Orangeville, Palos Park, Pike, Princeton,

St. Anne, Shawneetown, Summit, Urbana,

Vienna, Wauconda, and White Pines Forest

State Park.

7. Flexamia pectinata (Osborn & Ball)

Dcltoccplialus pectinaliis Osborn & Ball (1897,

p. 205).

Length 3.5-4.0 mm. Dorsum pale cin-

ereus. Vertex, fig. i27K, one-fourth longer

than basal width between eyes, with the

usual marks at apex and on disc for the

more typical members of the genus. Elytra

with nervures pale, margined with fuscous;

apical and discal cells darker. Face dark

above, shading to pale below.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 328G, with

posterior margin slightly concave and bear-

ing four black comblike teeth on the central

third; inner pair rounded and close to-

gether and separated by a notch from the

outer pointed pair. Male plates, fig. 339,

broad, almost parallel margined and broadly

rounded to blunt almost truncate tips. Ven-
tral keels of pygofers exposed between the

plates at their apexes. Aedeagus simple,

without terminal processes; very short

curved basal portion extending anteriorly,

with a pair of short dorsal processes.

This distinctive species occurs in a mixed

association on the prairie and seems to live

on Bouteloua grasses. It has been recorded

from only the Middle West.

Illinois Records.

—

Apple River Canyon
State Park: July 11, 1934, Prison & De-

Long, 3 i ; Aug. 22, 1935, DeLong & Ross,

5 9. Ogden: on prairie, July 1, 1934, De-

Long & Ross, 1 9 . Warren : Aug. 28, 1934,

Prison & DeLong, 1 9 .

8. Flexamia sandersi (Osborn)

Deltoccphalus sandersi Osborn (1907, p. 164).

Length 3.5 mm. Yellowish gray; vertex,

fig. 32771/, about one-third longer at middle

than width between eyes at base, with the

i



June. 1948 DeLong: Leafiiopi'ers op Illinois 233

pale tip enclosed in a darker circular or

(juadrate ring; margins with pale fuscous

lines from ape\ to ocelli and with the usual

transverse hand and hasal ohliquc marks.
Nervures of elytra usually paler than sur-

face; apical margin of each elytron and
costal refiexed veins heavily hordered with
dark fuscous.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 328/, with
lateral margins rounding to median third

of posterior margin, which is strongly pro-

duced into a broad tooth slightly incised at

middle and black on either side. Male
plates, fig. 342, broad at base, narrowed
rapidly for two-thirds their length, then

abruptly concave and strongly divergent,

with acutely pointed apexes. Aedeagus with
two terminal anteriorly directed processes

that are short and barbed.

This is another typical prairie species,

which occurs on Andropogou virijiniciis and
probably other species of the same genus.

It is found in the eastern L'nited States and
west to Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Axvii, Rock: Oct.

.\ 1934, Frison & Ross, 1 9 . Cave in Rock :

Oct. 3, 1934, Frison & Ross, \i. 19.
Di.xoN Springs: July 29, 1934, DeLong e<<

Mohr, 12. Eichorn: Hicks Branch, lunc
13. 1934, DeLong k Ross, 2 <5 , 3 9. High
Knob: Oct. 3, 1934, Frison & Ross, 19.
La Rue: July 11, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

19. Shawneetown: June 23, 1936, De-
Long & Ross, 29. Vienna: savanna
grasses, June 14, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

3<;, 49 ; [ulv 29, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

ZS, 49.

9. Flexamia hidentata DeLong

FIrxiimi/i hidrntata Delong (I935rt, p. 155).

Length 3.0-3.3 mm. Tawny, marked with
brown. Vertex, fig. 3277, with the usual

markings at apex and on disc. Veins of

elytra heavily infuscated. Female seventh

sternite, fig. 328A/, with a large median
tooth, which is bifid at apex, forming two
sharp-pointed teeth. Male plates, fig. 340,

similar to those of visenda (Crumb) (1915,

p. 189) but broader at apexes and more
deeply notched on inner margins. Male
pygofers without the broad conspicuous ven-
tral flaps that overlap as in visenda. Male
aedeagus with two terminal processes.

This species was described from Illinois

and has been taken in two localities, both

on the prairies.

Illinois Records.

—

St. Anne: Aug. 21,
1935, DeLong & Ross, 5i, 10 9. Zion i

June 25, 1934, Frison & DeLong, 2 <5 , 2 2 ;

Aug. 7, 1935, Ross & DeLong, 5 <J

.

10. Flexamia reflexa (Osborn & H.ill)

i>eltocep/ialiis rrftrxus Oiborn & &M (1897 n
203).

Length 4.0-4.5 mm. Pale cinereus, with
dark markings. Vertex, fig. 327f7', about
one-fourth longer at middle than basal width
between eyes; apex often ivory white, en-

closed between crescent marks; marginal
line to ocelli, transverse dashes before eyes,

and oblique marks on base fuscous. Prono-
tum pale, with faint longitudinal stripes.

Nervures of elytra margined with fuscous;

spots on each clavus and on disc conspicuous

;

reflexed veins, apical margin of each elytron

broadly bordered with fuscous.

I'emale seventh sternite, fig. 3287, with
posterior margin .ilmost truncate, central

third roundedly and broadly produced into

a tooth that is notched at center and has a

large black spot on either side of notch.

Male plates, fig. 341, long, rather narrow,
and concavely an<l attcnuately pointed.

Aedeagus with three anteriorly directed

terminal processes, one of which occurs on
the dorsal side; the largest process with two
spines on basal portion.

A common prairie species of the Middle
West, reflexa has apparently been confused

with other closely related species of Flex-

amia, thereby rendering many reports of its

occurrence and abundance as unreliable.

Illinois Record.—O o u .v w K A : sand

prairie, July ,?0, 1936, Mohr & Burks, 19.

11. Flexamia prairiana DeLong

Flexamia prairiana DeLong (1937a, p. 32).

Length 4.0-4.5 mm. Yellowish, closely

resembling reflexa. V^ertex about one-fifth

longer at middle than basal width between

eyes, « ith apical dark ring and cross band

on disc. Elytra yellowish, veins bordered

with brown, especially heavy along reHexed

veins to each costa.

Female seventh sternite rather deeply

emarginate on either side of the median pro-

duced third, which is rounded at apex and

notched so as to form several minute teeth.

Male plates, fig. 329, long, tapered to

pointed apexes, which are slightly divergent.

Aedeagus bearing three anteriorly directed



234 Illinois Natural History- Survky Bulletin I nl. 24, Art.

processes as in n-flcxu, hut differing by the

ahsence of a process on the dorsal side and

by having the large process on ventral side.

In this species there is a finely serrate

smaller lateral process.

This is a common species on sandy lake-

bottom prairies and probably the most abun-

dant species of this genus in the northern

part of Illinois. It is known only from this

state.

Illinois Records.—Alsip: Aug. 2.3, \9i4,

DcLong & Ross, 11(5. Evergreen Park;

Aug. 2,?, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 41 £ . Sum-
mit: July 17, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 29.
Zion: July 16, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 S .

12. Flexamia picta Osborn

Deltocvplialus piclus Osboin (1907, p. 165).

Length 3 mm. Pale gray, vertex, fig.

327H, about one-fifth longer than width

between eyes, a black circle at tip enclosing

a pale spot; the usual marginal line, one or

two transverse bands, and spots at base are

present. Pronotum with prominent trans-

verse band. Elytra with veins pale, usually

heavily bordered with fuscous or black; cen-

tral apical cell often entirely brown or black.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 328//, almost

truncate, central third broadly and roundedly

produced, two small incisions form a minute

tooth at apex on either side of a median

rounded lobe. Male plates, fig. 331, slightly

and convexly rounded to blunt apexes. Pygo-

fers more than twice as long as plates.

Aedeagus with two slender laterally directed

apical processes.

This species occurs in the eastern United

States, especially on hillsides and in certain

prairie types where Aristiila gracilis and

related species grow in abundance.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 12 to October 3, are from Adair,

Albion, Alton, Amboy, Anvil Rock, Barry,

Cave in Rock, Dixon Springs, Dongola,

Fairfield, Galena, Geff, Harrisburg, Kamps-
ville, Marshall, Metropolis, Parker, Pike,

Shawneetown, Vienna, and Watson.

13. Flexamia imputans (Osborn &
Ball)

Urllocrphalus imputans Osborn & Ball (1898,
p. 75).

Length 3.5-4.0 mm. Creamy yellow,

tinged with olive. Vertex, fig. 327/, about

one-third longer at middle than width be-

tween eyes, a black spot on either side of

pale apex. Reflexed veins of elytra broadly

white, margined anteriorly with fuscous;

outer apical cell of each elytron with the

posterior margin fuscous. Face black, venter

infuscated.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 328L, with

emargination posteriorly on either side of a

central broadly produced lobe that is angu-

lar and somewhat incised at center and has

a black spot on either side. Male plates,

fig. 332, gradually narrowed to rounded

divergent tips.

This species has been recorded from

Kansas, Iowa, and Wisconsin, and is found

on Muhlenbergia growing in sheltered situa-

tions.

14. Flexamia abbreviata (Osborn & Ball)

Urilni rp/ialiis ahbreviatus Osborn & Ball

(1897, p. 206).

Length 3.0-3.25 mm. Pale, cinereous,

with vertex markings nearly as in reflexa.

Vertex, fig. 327L, at least one-third longer

at middle than basal width between the eyes.

Elytra with almost all the veins dark mar-

gined, reflexed veins and apical margin of

each more heavily marked. Entire face in-

fuscated.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 328A', with

posterior margin excavated on either side

of the central fourth, which is abruptly pro-

duced one-third the length of the segment,

truncated, incised at middle, and slightly

arcuate on either side, forming four rather

distinct teeth. Male plates, fig. 330, convexlv

rounded from bases and slightly rounded

from inner margins near tips to bluntly

pointed apexes. Pygofers narrow, greatly

exceeding plates. Aedeagus curved, rather

long, without apical processes; anterior

dorsally curved portion bearing a bifurcate

dorsal process with rather long ventrally

directed arms.

Another of the prairie species, abbrevi-

ata occurs along with peclinata in the

Bouteloua hirsuia association. It is recorded

only from the Middle West and Texas.

Illinois Record.—Thomson: July 8,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 21 <? , 39 9 .

52. LATULUS DeLong & Sleesman

l.alulus DeLong & Sleesman (1929, p. 87).

Fig. 222. Vertex angularly produced, but

usually not greatly longer than width be-

I



June. 194S DeLoxg: Leafhoppers of Illinois 235

twcen eyes. Reflexed arcs of front not visi-

ble from above. Elytra with short veinlets

mcetinj; each costa at about right angles

but with no reflexed veins to costa ; elytra

usually short, just covering abdomen.

Ihe species of this genus are typicall;.

wet meadow forms and with few exceptions

occur in that habitat. Several are found

at high mountain elevations. Eleven species

are known for the United States, of which

two have been collected in Illinois; two
others may occur here.

Key to Species

1. Color yray to dull green; length 4.0 mm.
or more. Female seventh sternitc,

tig. 343, with a pair of median produced
teeth. Male plates, fig. 344, shorter than
combined basal width, apexes obliquely
sloping 1. configuratus

Color some shade ot brown; length not ex-

ceeding 3.5 mm. Female seventh
sternite without median teeth. Male
plates longer than combined basal
width 2

2. Female seventh sternite, fig. 343, deeply
notched at either side, forming a broad
median tooth. Male plates, fig. 344,
divergent at apexes, sloping to outer
margins 2. latidens

Female seventh sternite entire, not deeply
notched. .Male plates not divergent at

apexes 3
3. I'emale seventh sternite, fig. 343, concave.

Male plates, fig. 344, sloping to inner
pointed appressed apexes 3. sayi

I'emale seventh sternite, fig. 343, rounded.
Male plates, fig. 344, broader at rounded
apexes, not pointed on inner margins .

4. mi.ssellus

1. Latulus configuratus (Uhler)

configuratus Uhler (1879, p.Dflloiephnlus
511).

Length 4.0-4.5 mm. Gray to dull green-

ish. \"ertex. fig. 343, flat, bluntly angled,

wider between eyes than length at middle,

marked with a white cross and with the

margin pale. Pronotum usually marked by

longitudinal bands. Nervures of elytra paler

than adjacent areas, faintly margined with
fuscous. Face pale fuscous.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 343, black on

central half with the posterior margin con-
cavely rounded on either side of a rather

long pointed median tooth, which is usually

bifid. Male plates, tig. 344, gradually slop-

ing along outer margins; inner margins sud-

denly diverging at two-thirds their length

and rounded to outer blunt apexes. Aedea-
gus short, apical fifth bifid.

This species has a northern range through-
out Canada and the northern portion of the
L nited States. It is common on I'oa rom-
prcssa and may occur in northern Illinois.

2. Latulus latidens (Sanders & DeLong)

Diltocephalus laliJens Sanders & Del.ong
(1919, p. 234).

Length 3 mm. The size, form, and ap-

pearance as for missellus, but distinguished

SAYI

CONFIGURATUS

LATIDENS

Fl(<. 343.—/,a/«/K.<. A-l),

E-G, heads and pronota.

female genitalia;



236 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2

by the external genital characters. Female

seventh sternite, fig. .H3, more than twice

as long as preceding sternite, posterior mar-

gin deeply and roundedly incised near lateral

margins for two-thirds the distance to base,

leaving a broad central truncated tooth;

tooth one-half the width of entire segment

and produced beyond the lateral angles, the

latter appearing as long, narrow, spatulate

processes. Male plates, fig. 344, long,

strongly divergent, inner margins curving

to form bluntly pointed outer margins.

This species has been recorded only from

Wisconsin and occurs in wet meadows and

pastures.

3. Latulus sayi (Fitch)

Amblycepliatus sayi Fitch (1851, p. 61)

Length 3.5 mm. Yellowish to brownish,

with banded elytra. Vertex longer at middle

than width between eyes, with four fuscous

spots arranged in two somewhat concentric

rows about the apex ; anterior spots triangu-

lar, the posterior pair somewhat irregular

in shape. Elytra each with two transverse

pale bands, one at base and another just

posterior to the middle; nervures of bands

usually milky white.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 343, with

posterior margin shallowly, concavely, and

1

LATIOENS

MISSELLUS MISSELLUS

C0NFI6URATUS

MISSELLUS

CONFIGURATUS
C0NFI6URATUS SAYI

SAYI SAYI

Fig. 344.

—

Latulus, male genitalia. A, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect; (,', style.



June. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 237

often sinuately rniinded. Male plates, fig.

344, with outer margins slightly and con-
cavely narrowed to near apexes, where they

are suddenly convexly rounded to the inner

blunt apexes. Aedeagus with two short

lateral processes arising dorsally at base;

apical portion broadened into winglike struc-

tures between which a pair of long slender

processes arise and extend ventrally and
anteriorly.

This is a common meadow and pasture

species occurring upon bluegrass and prob-
ably other common grasses in these areas.

It has a wide range over the eastern .'uid

middle western states.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken from May 3 to November 1.^,

are from Aldridge, Algonquin, Apple River
Canyon State Park. Aurora, Browns, Cave
in Rock, Decatur. Des Plaines, Dixon, Dol-
son. Dubois, East St. Louis, Eichorn. Elgin,

Elizabethtown, Evergreen Park, Fern Cliff,

Galena, Geff, Grand Detour, Hardin,
Havana, Herod, Homer, Kankakee, Lima,
Mahomet, Makanda, Marshall, Monticello,

Muncie. Newton, Oakwood, Odin, Oregon,
Palos Park, Princeton, Rago, Rock Island,

St. Joseph, Seymour, Shawneetown, Thebes,
Urbana, V'andalia, \'icnna, Volo, Warren,
\\'atson. White Heath, and White Pines

Forest State Park.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-
males, taken June 10 to October 7, arc from
Amboy, Antioch, Apple River Canyon State
Park, Be.ich, Byron, Des Plaines, Duncans
Mills, Elizabeth, Evergreen Park, Fox
Lake, Galena, (Jrand Detour, Grays Lake.
Hanover, Herod, Lima, New Milford, Ore-
gon, Palos Park, St. Anne, Savanna, \'olo.

White Pines Forest State Park, and Zion.

53. PA IMS DeLong & Sleesman

I'lthis DeLong &: Sleesman (1929, p. 85).

Fig. 221. Vertex variable in length and
angle, margin not sharply defined. Elytra
each with a definite but small appendix, with
central antcapical cell constricted at center
hut not dividc<l, outer anteapical cell quite

small, sometimes almost obsolete ; two or
three costal veinlets slightly reflcxed. Illi-

nois species with dark spot inside posterior

angle of inner apical cell.

The coloration and the form of the head
vary decidedly among the species of this

genus, but the genitalia are quite uniform.

Leafhoppers of this genus live in marsh
habitats or in very humid swampy woods.
Seven species are recorded for the United
States, and one of these has been taken in

Illinois. Several others may occur in this

state.

4. Latiilus iiiissellus (Ball)

Dcltoccphalus missdlus Ball (1899*, p. 191).

Length 2.75-3.0 mm. Brownish, resem-
bling sayi in general appearance but without
distinct banding of the elytra. Vertex, fig.

343/', about as long as wide, pale, with the

four brownish spots, as in sayi, separated
by a white cross, and often with two other

irregular spots near base. Elytra pale cin-

ereous; nervures pale, irregularly margined
with fuscous.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 343C, with
the middle half of posterior margin convexly

rounded, on either side of which it is shal-

lowly concave to the lateral angles. Male
plates, fig. 344, broad at bases, gradually
larrowed to bluntly rounded and slightly

divergent apexes. Aedeagus with a pair of

spinelike structures near the base; apex of

dorsal portion pointed.

Distributed from Maine to Utah in the

orthern region of the L'nited States, m'u-

ttllus occurs on grasses in meadows, open
ivoodland, and pastures.

Key to Species

1. Vertex ivory white, tinted with vi-llow,

without dark markins;s, tig. i4bB
1. luteocephalus

\'ertex, pronotum, and scutellum with
dark longitudinal stripes 2

2. Vertex sharply angled, longer at middle
than width between eyes, fig. 345fi;

length not exceeding 3.5 mm
2. delector

Vertex more bluntly angled, width and
length nearly equal, fig. 347S; length
4.0 mm. or more 3. tnarginatus

1. Palus luteocephalus (Sanders &
DeLong)

Deltocepliatus lulfucephalus Sanders & DeLong
(1917, p. 84).

Length 3.5-4.0 mm. Vertex, fig. 346/)',

a little wider than median length, white to

pale yellow, with a median black line on

basal two-thirds. Anterior margin of pro-

notum ivory white, darker posteriorly.

Scutellum yellow. Face pale yellow, im-

maculate, antennal pits black. Elytra smoky

subhyaline ; claval, discal. and apical cells



238 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, An. 2

darker; costal reflexed veins and apical mar-

gin of each heavily bordered with fuscous;

ncrvures conspicuously pale, narrowly mar-

gined with fuscous.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 346/^, with

posterior margin slightly and concavely

excavated to a broad median U-shaped notch

that has a slight incision at the center; a

black, spot on either side of notch. Male

plates gradually narrowed to bluntly round-

ed apexes.

A marsh-inhabiting species occurring only

in small numbers in this habitat, liile"-

Ciphalus is recorded from Wisconsin and

South Dakota. It has not yet been taken in

Illinois.

2. Pattis detector (Sanders & DeLong)

Deltoccphatus delcctor Sanders & DeLong

(1919, p. 233).

Length 3.0-3.5 mm. Vertex, fig. 3455,

pointed, one-fourth longer at middle than

width between eyes; creamy white, with

two broad tawny bands extending from base

to apex, where they converge and form two

black triangular spots, one on either side of

white apex, and extend over the margin;

a narrow black curved line extending from

eye around ocellus on margin toward apex.

Pronotum whitish, with four longitudinal

tawny bands: one behind each eye, and a

central pair, the extension of the bands on

vertex ; bands continuing across scutellum.

Elytra tawny, with costal, sutural, and

apical margins and veins white. Each elytron

with a spot on inner apical cell, reflexed

veinlets, and posterior white margin black

bordered.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 345^, with

the posterior margin sinuately sloping to

form a broad shallow median notch slightly

indented at center, on either side of which

is a round black spot. Male plates, fig.

345C, gradually sloping to broad subtrun-

cate apexes, inner apical third of each black,

white margined. Male internal genitalia

as in fig. 345D.

This species occurs on herbaceous plants

in woodland areas and seems to be restricted

to that association. It is found in the east-

ern part of the United States, ranging from

Illinois to Maine.

Illinois Records.

—

Oregon: Castle Rock,

June 30, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 5 S . White
Pines Forest State Park: June 30, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 5 3, 19.

3. Palus marginatus (DeLong)

DcltoceplKilus miirt/inalus DeLong (1918rt, p.

228).

Length 4 mm. Pale, with two longitudi-

nal stripes. Vertex, fig. 347B, as long as

basal width between eyes; two pale testa-

ceous bands extending from apex of vertex

to disc of scutellum, where they end in black

spots, each band bordered interiorly by black

broken lines that converge at apex; a black

transverse band extending across margin of

vertex and recurving on to vertex near eyes

at each end. Pronotum with four longi-

tudinal bands. Elytra pale testaceous, ner-

vures white, heavily margined with fuscous

along each claval margin and on apical por-

tion; reflexed veinlets, posterior margins,

and inner apical cells heavily marked.

DELECTOR

Figs. 345-i47.—Palus. A, female genitalia;

B, head and pronotum; C, ventral aspect of

male genitalia; D, lateral aspect of male

genitalia.

I



Jlinr. 194S DeLono: Leafhoi'pers of Illinois 239

Female seventh sternite, fig. 347,:/, with

posterior margin sloping to a rather broad
shallow U-shaped notch, slightly incised at

center, a large oval black spot on each side

of notch. Male unknown.
'Jhis is a fresh-water marsh species

recorded from Maine, Wisconsin, and
North Dakota. It occurs on either tall

grasses or sedges.

54. POLYAMIA DeLong

I'lityamia DeLong (1926rt, p. 46).

Figs. 226, ,348. Vertex rather short,

bluntly angled, disc slightly convex or slop-

ing forward, and thickly, rather bluntly

Fig. 348.

—

Polyamia inimica: A, adult; B,

nymph. (Frum Osborn,

)

angled witli front. Elytra each with outer

clavus strongly reticulate veined, central

anteapical cell constricted and divided.

With few exceptions the species of the

genus are grass feeders and frequent

meadows, pastures, and prairies. Several

seem to be quite restricted in food plant

and habitat. About .?5 species have been

recorded for the United States, approxi-

mately half of which are known to occur in

Illinois.

Kev to Species

1, Vertex with one or two narrow lines ot

recurved arcs which extend from front

and are definitely visible on the dorsal

curved mamin of vertex, as in fig. 349.

y

2

Vertex often showing a heavy black color-

ing on either side of apex distinct from

coloration of face, but usually without
definite recurved narrow lines on margin
of vertex, as in fig. 349C 6

2. I'emaies 5
Males 3

3. Aedeagus, fig. 362, long, tapered to narrow
tubular apex 1. obtecta

.Aedeagus enlarged at apex, or apical por-
tion broader than body of aedeagus, as
in figs. 356, 357 4

4. Acdeayus, fig. 357, with a circular apical
enlargement notched on anterior dorsal
border 2. rossi

Aedeagus, fig. 356, with a broad rather
short terminal portion bearing a curved
dorsal spur, and gradually narrowed
apically to a blunt tip 3. similaris

5. Posterior margin of seventh sternite, fig.

349.V, rather broad, only slightly in-

dented, forming three rather broad
rounded lobes 2. russi

I'osterior margin narrower, indentations
deeper and closer together, forming a

more narrow bluntly and angularly
produced lobe at center, lateral lobes
narrower, figs. 349 .V/, 349 /^

1. obtecta, 3. similaris
6. Vertex not marked with definite spots or

bands 7
Vertex marked with spots or transverse

bands or both 8

7. b'.ntire insect pale yellowish, unmarked;
elytra short, covering only first four or

five segments 4. brevipennis
Vertex yellowish; elytra chestnut brown,

with pale veins, apexes broadly white
5. apicata

8. A jiair ot large round black spots on
anterior margins of vertex, on pronotum,
and on basal angles of scutellum, fig.

349C 6. itiimica

Without three pairs of black spots ar-

ranged on anterior margin of vertex,

on pronotum, and on scutellum 9

9. \'ertex with a transverse fuscous band,

broken at middle, or a transverse spot

either side resembling an interrupted

band 10

N'ertex without interrupted transverse

band or transverse spots 15

10. N'ertex angularly produced, longer at

middle than width between eyes ... 11

N'ertex not longer at middle than width
between eyes 13

11. Transverse band orange or tawny; vertex,

fig. 349D,' sharply pointed, one-fourth

longer than wide; elytra heavily marked
with fuscous, appearing obliquely

b-inded 7. arundinea
Transverse band fuscous or brown; ver-

tex more bluntly angled; elytra mottled,

not appearing banded 12

12. Robust, 3.5 mm. in length; male plates,

fig. 350, longer than pygofers, longer

than combined basal width; female

seventh sternite as in fig. 349/?

8. interrupta

More slender, not exceeding 3.0 mm. in

length; male plates, fig. 360/^, not ex-

ceeding pygofers, less than combined

basal width; female seventh sternite as

in fig. 3495 9. herbida

13. Female seventh sternite, fig. 349P, entire,

broadlv and concavely excavated; male



240 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin lol.24,Art.2

plates, fig. 351, short, broad, apexes

blunt 10. weedi
Female seventh sternite with very short

lateral margins exposing lobes of under-
Ivina segments at lateral angles, as in

rtgs. 349(3, 349 ['. Male plates longer.

DILATA

HERBIDA BREVIPENNIS SAXOSA ROSSI

Fig. 349.

—

Polyamia. A-J, heads and thoraxes; K-X, female genitalia.

i



June. 194S DeLoxg: Leafhoppers of Illinois 241

concavely rounded to acute apexes, as in This is a common jirass species in the

,, ..H^- ^^^' ^^'^''
( ,,0','^ eastern United States and Middle West in

14. Median spots on apex ot vertex, hg. 349G, >.ai m
conspicuous, band dark in coloV; male "Pen grassy areas and upon the prairie.

plates, tig. 355, longer than combined Illinois Records.—Many males and tc-
basal width; female seventh sternite as males, taken June 1.3 to October I are from
in fig. 349(2 11. '^"•"Pfcta Alton, Billett, Dixon Springs, Eich'orn, FernMedian spots ot apex ot vertex, tia. 349/, ,-,u ,, , ,

1 J- . t: •
"^"'

usuallv wanting, band faint; maW plates,
'^""' !• "'t""' Oalena, Crand Detour, Han-

tig. 359, about as long as basal width; "ver, Havana, Kankakee, Marshall,
temale seventh sternite as in fig. 3496'. . Oquawka, Oregon, St. Anne. Thomson

, , ,
.;. , , :, }h s»''"S3 X'ienna, and Watson.

15. Lengtri 3.5 mm.; elytra heavily intuscated,

appearing obliquely banded
' 7. arundinea 2. Polyamia rossi DeLong

Length less than 3.0 mm.; elytra mottled,
not appearing banded 16 Polyamia rossi DeLong (1937a, p. 32).

If). Vertex, fig. 349/, with a distinct row of f „„ ^u j r^ 1 -
1 1 1 ,

black spots above margin ,

^^^th 3 mm. Gray, marked with black,

13. alboneura closely resembling ohtecta. Verte.v bluntly

.Spots above margin of vertex faint, the angled, as long at middle as basal width

,- ^.
middle spots often wanting

. , 17 between eyes, with a pair of proximal pale
I/. 1 ellowisti, with tour large taint black „ ,. j 1 . • 1 ,

spots above margin; elv'tra intuscated. '•'"^
T

''
spot next to either eye, and

4. brevipennis •' black transverse band, which is broken
Pale brownish, a small round black spot at middle, between anterior margins of

next to each ocellus, a pair of faint eyes. Thora.v pale brownish, a black spot
triangular orange spots at apex of vertex ,„^^ K., .1. i v. l-i . u-

. J u u r \' c J"st (lack ot each eve. Llytra white, veinsseparated bv white lines. Veins of
;_ , 1 , 1

elytra broadly white, heavily margined bordered with brown; brown spots on mid-
with brown 14. dilata Jle of each clavus and disc of elytra.

Female seventh sternite, fig. .349,V, with

I. Pulyamia obtecta (Osborn & Ball) side margins sloping to posterior margin,

which is almost truncate and dark margined;
D.tlucjphaliis ohlvclus Osboni i Ball (1898, side lobes of underlying membrane con-

'"' ' spicuous. Male plates, fig. .?57, triangular.

Length 3.0-3.5 mm. White to gray, apexes rather long, tapered to acute tips,

marked with black and fuscous. Vertex, Aedeagus in lateral view long, slender on
(ig. 349.:/, almost one-fourth wider between basal two-thirds, then abruptly and greatly

eyes than median length, and whitish in enlarged, the ventral portion broadly curved,

color except following black or fuscous semicircular, with a short apical process

marks: reflexed arcs of face, a pair of spots extending dorsally and anteriorly, and a

just back of apex, another either side mid- basal dorsally directed spur,

way to eye, an irregular interrupted band. This is a rather abundant species 011

broadest at middle, between anterior mar- grasses on the sand prairie in Illinois. It

gins of eyes, and an indefinite spot on either is known only from this state,

side behind band. Scutellum with a large Illinois Records.

—

A.\ikric.\: July 16,

black spot in each basal angle. Elytra with 1937, 1 2. Fulto.n : Aug. 22, 1935, DeLong
nervures broadly whitish, the cells darker, & Ross, 26 ^ , 179. Thomson: July 4,

and the nervures bordered with fuscous. 1936, 2 9 ; Aug. 16, 1937, \$.
Female seventh sternite, fig. 349M, ap-

pearing to arise abruptly from the preceding

segment, not touching the pleura, produced

more than twice the length of preceding

segment to a truncated posterior margin;

lateral lobes produced beyond median por-

tion as rounded lobes. .Male plates, fig. 362,

triangular, broad at base, strongly and con-

cavely narrowed to produced attenuated tips

that are much shorter than pygofers. Aedea-

gus long, in lateral view appearing broadened

at middle, bent caudally, and tapered to ;i

narrow bent apex.

?i. Polyamia siniilarh Def-ong &
D;ividsoii

I'olyamui similiirii DeLong & Davidson (1V35,

p. 164).

Length 3 mm. (!ray, with dark m;irk-

ings, resembling nhteitii in general appe;ir-

ance. V^ertex bluntly angled, slightly wider

between eyes than length at middle, with

recurved arcs on cither side of apex; a pair

of proximal brown to black spots at apex,

and one spot next to each ocellus, a broken



242 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J ol. 24, Art. 2

band between anterior margins of the eyes,

and oblique markings either side on basal

portion. Mottlins; on anterior margin of

pronotiim brown. Veins of elytra rather

heavily Infuscated.

I'"emale seventh sternite, fig. 349/
,
pro-

duced rather abruptly on posterior margin,

which is trilobate; central lobe slightly

broader and not quite as long as the lateral

lobes; lateral lobes of underlying membrane

conspicuous at sides of seventh sternite.

Male plates, fig. ,^56, broad at base, short,

triangular, one-third wider at base than

long. Male aedeagus in normal position

curved dorsally and with a dorsal curved

finger-like spur.

This species is apparently southern in its

distribution and has been taken in large

numbers from grasses in southern Illinois.

It resembles obtectii and compactii closely

355 A

COMPACTA

ARUNDINEA )C

353 A
355 B

FijSs. 350-355.

—

Polyamia, male genitalia. A, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect.



June. 194S DeLonc: Lkafhoi'i-hrs ok Illinois 243

and has apparently been confused with them spots on anterior maruin of pronotuni, veins
previously. of elytra heavily infuscated.

Illinois Records.—Males and females. Female seventh .sternite, fig. 3497, with
taken June 10 to October 3, are from Cave short lateral margins; posterior marjiin con-

SAXOSA INTERRUPTA OILATA

Figs. 356—367.

—

Potyamia. male genitalia. A, ventral aspect; li. lateral aspect; C, aedeagus.

in Rock, Dixon Springs. Eichorn, Fairfield,

Galena, Hanover, Havana, Herod, High
Knob, Luther, Marshall, Oquawka, St.

.Anne, Shau neetown. \'ienna, and Watson.

4. Polyaniiii brevipennis UeLong &
Davidson

Polyiuniti /irri'iprrifiis DeLong k I!)avi(ls()n

(193 5, p. 164).

Length 2.0-2.5 mm. 'Yellowish, short-

winged; verte.v frequently unmarked, bluntly

angled, a little longer at middle than basal

width between eyes; ocelli black; dark

specimens with four large faint brownish

vexly rounded, with a slight notch on either

side; lateral portions of underlying mem-
brane conspicuously produced as lobes at

either side. .Male plates, fig. 358,:/, triangu-

larly elongate, longer than combined basal

width.

This species has been taken in a prairie

habitat and also in moist open wooded areas

in southern Illinois. It was previously

recorded from Alabama.

Illinois Records.—Cwi- ix Rock: July

9, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 19. Di.\on

Springs: July 9, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 2 6 ,

3 9. Eliz.abethtown : July 8, 1935, De-

lving & Ross, 1 6



244 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I' ol. 24, Art. 2

5. Polyaniia apicata ((Xsborn)

Deltocephalus apicatus Osborii (1900i, p.

285).

Length 3 mm. Brown, with the head,

anterior portion of pronotum, and caudal

end of body pale yellow. Vertex, fig. 349J?,

bluntly angled, as long at middle as basal

width between eyes; posterior portion of

pronotum shading to brown; face often

slightly darker than dorsal light areas of

body; scutellum and elytra to apical trans-

verse veins reddish brown, the nervures

yellowish, apical cells yellowish hyaline.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 349^, very

short at side margins, then abruptly pro-

duced, and semicircularly rounded, posterior

margin bisinuate, with a brown spot on

either side of middle producing trilobate ap-

pearance; underlying membrane deeply and

concavely rounded, the only visible portions

being the outer rounded lateral angles.

Male plates, fig. 354, broad at bases, con-

cavely rounded to narrow tips, which are

produced almost the length of pygofers.

This is a very common prairie species in

the eastern states and occurs on sandy areas

and sand prairies on Panicum villosissimum

and probably other species of this genus.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 12 to October 2, are from

Apple River Canyon State Park, Beach,

Cave in Rock, Dongola, Fern Clif^, Fulton,

Galena, Geff, Grand Detour, Hanover,

Harrisburg, Oquawka, St. Anne, Shawnee-

tovvn, Thomson, Vienna, and Zion.

6. Polyamia inimica (Say)

Jassiis inimuus Say (1831, p. 305).

Jassus d-punciatns Provancher (1872, p. 378).

Length 4 mm. Grayish yellow, with a

pair of black spots on vertex, pronotum, and

scutellum; vertex, fig. 349C bluntly angled,

one-fourth wider between eyes than median

length, a pair of minute spots at apex in

addition to the pair of larger spots. Two
large black spots on anterior margin of pro-

notum and one in each basal angle of scutel-

lum. Elytra grayish, nervures broadly white,

cells margined with fuscous.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 3490, short

at lateral margins, then produced to pos-

terior margin, which is trilobate; underlying

membrane with prominent lateral angles.

Male plates, fig. 352, concavely narrowed to

pointed apexes.

This is one of the most common species

of North American leafhoppers, and is trans-

continental in distribution. It is found

abundantly in all types of vegetation, especi-

ally on grasses, both native and cultivated

species.

Illinois Records.-—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 8 to October 20, are from

Aldridge, Algonquin, Alton, Amboy, Anna,

Antioch, Anvil Rock, Apple River Canyon

State Park, Atlas, Aurora, Barry, Beach,

Bradley, Buckley, Bushnell, Cairo, Carman,

Cave in Rock, Centralia, Champaign, Corn-

field, Decatur, Des Plaines, Dixon Springs,

Dolson, Dongola, Dubois, Duncans Mills,

Eichorn, Elgin, Elizabeth, Elizabethtown,

Evergreen Park, Fairfield, Forrest, Fox

Lake, Fulton, Galena, Geff, Golconda, Graf-

ton, Grand Detour, Grays Lake, Hardin,

Harrisburg, Havana, Hillsboro, Ingleside,

Justice, Kampsville, Kankakee, Keithsburg,

Kirkwood, Lake Villa, Marshall, Mason
City, Meredosia, Mokena, Momence, Mon-
mouth, Monticello, Mount Carmel, Muncie,

New Holland, Niota, Normal, Oak Lawn,

Oakwood, Ogden, Onarga, Palos Park,

Pecatonica, Pegrim, Plainview, Princeton,

Putnam, Quincy, Rock Island, Round Lake,

St. Anne, St. Joseph, Savanna, Seymour,

Shawneetown, Sheffield, Sparta, Springfield,

Starved Rock State Park, Summit, Taylor-

ville, Thomasboro, Thomson, Tremont,

Urbana, Ursa, Vandalia, Vienna, Virginia,

Volo, Watson, Wilmington, White Heath,

White Pines Forest State Park, and Zion.

7. Polyamia arundinea (Crumb)

nindineus Crumb (1915,
I

Dcltoceplmlus

191).

Length 3.5 mm. Pale creamy, with black

spots on vertex, pronotum, and scutellum

and a cross on each elytron. Vertex, fig.

349D, almost one-fourth longer at middle

than width between eyes; a pair of triangu-

lar spots near apex, and a spot each side

midway to eye black; a pair of large irregu-

lar fuscous spots forming a somewhat

broken band between anterior margins of

eyes; a pair of oblique fuscous dashes at
j

base. Pronotum with indistinct pale longi-
'

tudinal bands and a black spot behind each

eye. Basal angles of scutellum and apex 3

each with a black spot. Elytra fuscous,

nervures white, margined with fuscous,

three conspicuous dark spots on each ely-

tron; one each at middle of costa, middle



Juiu. 1948 DeLoXG: i.KAFHOPl-ERS OF ILLINOIS 245

of clavus, and outer apical cell, the three

together sugjjesting a cross band.

Female seventh sternite, (ig. ,?49L, with

posterior margin trilobate, central lobe

shorter, broadly rounded, on either side of

which is a rounded notch. Male plates, fig.

.?53, long, rather strongly and concavely

narrowed and produced into long acute tips.

This is one of the abundant species living

on cane, Arundinaria tecta, and apparently

is restricted to that host plant, which occurs

abundantly in the southeastern United
States. It is found in the southern portion

of Illinois, where the cane is distributed

along the streams.

Illinois Records.

—

Dolson : July 24,

iy.?b, DeLong & Mohr, 1 i . Eliz.abeth-

town: May 27, 1931, H. L. Dozier, 16-
Herod: Oct. 7, 1932, Ross & Burks, \i,
4 9 ; Aug. 4, 19.H, DeLong & Mohr, 6 c!,

119; Alay 29, 19,?5, Ross & Mohr, I <5 ,

I 9 ; June 24, 19.?6, DeLong & Ross, 4,},

15 9. K.arnak: Aug. 8, 1934, DeLong,
Ross, & Mohr, 1 9 . Thebes: July 11, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, U, 89. Ullin : May
2t), 1932, H. L. Dozier, I 9 . Vienna: June
14. 1934, DeLong & Ross, 4U , 32 9 ; lulv

10, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 2i, 59.

8. Polytiniiti intenuptu (DeLong)

Ijfllonphalus intirrupiiis DeLong (1916, p.

51).

Length 3.5-3.7 mm. Dull yellowish to

hiownish, with black and fuscous markings.

\'crtex, fig. 349£, slightly longer than basal

width ; two large spots at apex, sometimes
joined with reflexed coloration of the face,

a smaller spot on either side between these

and eyes, and an irregular transverse band,

broadest at middle between anterior margins
of eyes, black or dark brown. Pronotum
with longitudinal dark stripes. Elytra tes-

taceous, nervures white, heavily and irregu-

larly bordered with fuscous.

I'Vmale seventh sternite, fig. 349A'.

strongly and convexly produced at median
two-thirds from near its base; rounded
lateral lobes conspicuous at sides and pro-

duced to a line through posterior margin
of seventh sternite. Male plates, tig. 350,

strongly and concavely narrowed to long

acute apexes. Male aedeagus, fig. 3676',

with basal portion slender, enlarged at about

half its length to a broader portion, which
is constricted to a long narrow dorsally

curved apical fourth.

This species has been taken rather abun-
dantly in open wooded areas where there is a
luxuriant growth of herbaceous vegetation.
It occurs in the eastern United States and
is often confused with weeili.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,
taken June 14 to September 30, arc from
Dixon Springs, Dolson, Dubois, Kichorn,
Elizabethtown, Golconda, Herod, Karnak,
.Muncie, St. Anne, and \'ienna.

9. Polyamia herhida Del-ong

I'olyamia herhida DeLong (1935<j, p. 155).

Length 2.8-3.0 mm. Resembling ivi-i'di

in form and coloration. Vertex, (ig. 349/'",

bluntly angled, slightly longer at middle
than width between eyes; a pair of black
spots next to ocelli and a pair of proximal
oblique dashes just above apex of vertex;
a dark band between anterior margins of

eyes and a brownish blotch on posterior

portion of vertex on either side of middle.

Pronotum brown, with five pale longitudi-

nal stripes. Scutellum pale, with a dark
spot in each basal angle. VAytni brownish,
veins mostly dark margined; some of veins

conspicuously milky white, particularly tile

inner vein of each clavus, crossveins of outer
clavus, basal crossveins between sectors,

crossveins of corium, and veins surr(ninding

outer anteapical cell.

I''emale seventh sternite, tig. 349i', round-
edly produced, lobes of underlying membrane
conspicuous at each side. Male plates, tig.

^bQA, rapidly narrowed and produced in

long attenuate apexes. Male aedeagus, tig.

3666', very similar in form to that of coin-

piuta.

Described from llliuois, this species has

been collected only on the sand prairie.

Illinois Records.

—

Ha.nover: June 29,

1935, DeLong & Ross, 26 ^ , 219; sand

prairie, July 10, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 4^ ,

5 9 ; Aug. 22, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 9.

Savanna: June 29, 1935, DeLong & Ross,

1 i. Thomson: sand prairie, July 8, 1934,

DeLong & Ross, 19.

10. Polyamia weedi (V;ui Duzce)

IJfltocephaliis wi'edi Van Du/.ee (1892<", p.

306).

Length 3 mm. Dull yellowish, marked
« ith black and fuscous. Vertex, fig. 349//,

bluntly angled, as long as width between

eyes, with four large black spots, the central



246 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ot. 24. Art. 2

pair, just above apex, triangular, and an

irregular brown band between anterior mar-

gins of the eyes; usually some indefinite

markings at base of vertex. Pronotum

faintly and longitudinally striped. Scutel-

lum with a large brown spot in each basal

angle and at apex. Elytra pale brown, ner-

vures white, bordered with fuscous, cells

usually dark in color.

Female seventh sternite, tig. 349/-", with

posterior margin rather evenly and strongly

concave. Male plates, fig. 351, short and

broad, triangular, apexes bluntly angled.

Aedeagus in lateral view appearing incised

at apex more than half way to base, the

dorsal portion curved dorsally and anteri-

orly at apex.

This is a very common grass-feeding

species in the eastern half of the United

States and is probably the most common
species of the genus with the exception of

inimica. It is commonly found in meadows,

pastures, and other grassy areas.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 10 to October 3, are from

Aldridge, Alton, Anna, Apple River Canyon

State Park, Brownfield, Browns, Bluff

Springs, Cave in Rock, Dixon, Dixon

Springs, Dolson, Dongola, East St. Louis,

Eichorn, Elizabethtown, Fern Cliff, Fox
Lake, Fulton, Galena, Gibsonia, Grand
Detour, Grand Tower, Hanover, Havana,

Herod, High Knob, Karnak, La Rue, Mar-
shall, Monticello, Mount Carmel, Muncie,

Newton, Oakwood, Oregon, Ripley, Rock
Island, Shawneetown, Springfield, Starved

Rock State Park, Thomson, Urbana, Van-
dalia, Vienna, White Heath, and White
Pines Forest State Park.

IL Polyamia compacta (Osborn & Ball)

Deltocephalus compactus Osborn & Ball (1897,

p. 217).

Length 2.75 mm. Yellowish, vertex, fig.

349G, marked somewhat similarly to that

of weedi. bluntly angled, one-fourth wider
between eyes than length at middle ; black

line from face visible from above, the four

spots behind anterior margin and the trans-

verse band between eyes fuscous. Elytra

tawny to fuscous, some of the nervures

broadly white, most cells heavily margined
with fuscous.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 349C, vefy,

short at lateral margins, then strongly and

roundedly produced on median two-thirds,

forming a slightly trilobate posterior mar-

gin; underlying membrane deeply and circu-

larly emarginate, visible only as acute lateral

angles at the sides of the seventh sternite.

Male plates, fig. 355, broad at bases, rapidly

and concavely narrowing and produced to

long attenuated tips, which exceed the pygo-

fers. Aedeagus as in fig. 364C
This is a very short robust species com-

mon in grassy areas and frequently abundant

in hillside pastures or on prairies. It is dis-

tributed through the eastern United States

and occurs as far west as the states of Iowa
and Kansas.

Illinois Records.

—

Metropolis: Aug.

18, 1891, 26, 12 ; Aug. 19, 1891, Shiga &
Hart, \$. Parker: Aug. 14, 1909, 2?.
Zion: Aug. 7, 1935, Ross & DeLong, 16^,
21 S.

12. Polyamia saxosa DeLong

I'olyamia saxosa DeLong (1935«, p. 156).

Length 2.5-2.7 mm. Closely related to

compacta. Vertex, fig. 349/, bluntly angled,

about as wide between eyes as median

length, pale straw yellow, with a pair of

brownish quadrate spots, one next to either

eye, and a pair of pale, orange, triangular

spots at apex, an interrupted brownish band

between anterior margins of eyes, and a

dark area on posterior portion on either

side of middle. Pronotum with dark spots

on anterior portion. Scutellum pale, with

a brown spot at apex. Elytra straw to pale

brown; veins broadly white, with brown
areas on apical, costal, and discal cells; each

clavus white, with two brown elongated A

cells. !

Female seventh sternite, fig. 349J7, with

side margins short, gradually sloping to

broadly rounded posterior margin, which

is slightly indented on either side of a

median rounded lobe. Male plates, fig. 359,

long, tapering to acute tips. Male aedeagus,

fig. 365C with apical constricted portion

longer than in compacta, but otherwise very

similar.

This species was taken from small grasses

and herbaceous plants in a prairie habitat in

Illinois and has not been recorded outside

of this state.

Illinois Record.—Apple River Canyon
State Park: July 11, 1934, DeLong &
Ross, 6 <5 , 19.



Juiir. VMS DeLom;: Leafmoi'I'ers of Illinois 247

13. Polyamia alhoneura (UeLoiig)

Drltoceplialus alhoneura DeLong (1918/', p,

236).

Lcns;th 2.0-2.5 mm. Closely related to

apicata but with black markings on vertex

and with a more produced head. V'erte.x,

tig. iA9J . one-fourth longer at middle than

basal width between eyes, pale yellow, with

ocelli and four quadrate spots above margin
black; a pair of transverse dashes between

margins of eyes and a pair of oblique dashes

on either side at base of vertex black or

fuscous. Pronotum black, with live yellowish

longitudinal stripes. Scutellum and elytra

black, veins pale yellow. Face yellow, venter

dark.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 349 A, with

posterior margin produced and appearing

trilobate; visible portions of underlying

membrane conspicuous as rounded lateral

angles. Male plates concavely rounded to

narrow tips, which are strongly produced.

Found in small numbers in grassy habi-

tats, especially under humid conditions, this

species is recorded from !\Iississippi, Ten-
nessee, and the southern part of Illinois.

Illinois Records.— Eliz.abethtown :

July 8. 193\ Ross & DeLong, 2i . Hlrod:

July b, 19.?5, DeLong & Ross, .? <j , .3 9.

Vienna: June 14, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

I 9.

14. Piilyamia dilata DeLong

I'nlyamia Jilata DeLong ( 1937fl, p. 33).

Length 2.5-2.75 mm. Gray, resembling

rcmpacta in general appearance, \ertex

bluntly angled, a little longer at middle

than basal width between eyes ; whitish in

color, ocelli and an interior mesal spot

black; a pair of proximal triangular spots

just above apex pale brown, or orange;

indications of a pale orange band at anterior

margin of eyes and a pair of oblique marks
each side at base; face dark, with pale arcs

above. Pronotum brown, with pale longi-

tudinal stripes. Scutellum pale brown.
Elytra pale brown, veins broadly white,

heavily margined with dark brown.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 349//',

broadly and roundedly produced, with a

slightly produced rounded lobe on central

fourth; lateral lobes of underlying sternite

conspicuous. Male plates, fig. 361//, long.

concavely narrowed to acutely pointed

apexes. Aedcagus in lateral view, (ig. 3636',

with the body rather broad, scarcely nar-
rowed anteriorly, posteriorly narrowed
gradually to form a long apical third that
is produced and curved caudally.

Occurring on prairie grasses in restricted

habitats, this species has been taken in Illi-

nois at only one locality, and is known only
from Illinois.

Illinois Record.

—

Apple Rn f.r Canyon
Si.ATE Park: Aug 22, 1935, Ross & DeLong.
\bi, 18 9.

55. DELTOCEPHALUS Hurmeister

Dillociphaliis Burineister (1838, pi. 14).

X'ertex rather short, usually roundedly

produced or bluntly angled, disc sloping or

convexly rounding from pronotum to front,

or with margin thick, scarcely angled with
front. Ocelli close to the eyes and distinctly

below the level of the disc. Venation of

elytra simple, each central anteapical cell

elongate, constricted, and usually divided.

The group of species in this genus can

usually be recognized by the black coloration

on the vertex in the form of spots, bars, and
bands, which in some cases extend down
along the eyes on the face, and by numerous
heavy black arcs or bars on the face. I h<

female seventh sternite is usually concave

and frequently bears a sunken tooth.

About 35 species of Dill'icfphatus have

been recorded for the United States; of

these 7 are known to occur in Illinois. One
or more others may eventually be found

here.

Kf.v to Specie.s

1. Color uniform smoky brown, without defi-

nite markings; length 4.5 to 5.0 mm. . .

1. fumidus
Not uniformly smoky brown, either Mack

and usually with pale markings, or some
shade of green or yellow; length not

exceeding 3.5 mm 2

2. Black in color or heavily marked with

black or dark brown 3

Green or yellowish, marked with black

spots or bands 4

3. Dark brown to black, with several white

spots on vertex, fig. 368C; anterior half

of costal margins of elytra broadly yel-

low; length 3.0 mm. or more
~ 2. flavicostus

Black, shiny, with few pale spots; costal

margin not marked with yellow; length

not more than 2.5 mm. i. gnarus
4. Vertex with a broken band between an-

terior margins of eyes 5

Vertex without a broken band between



248 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2

anterior margins of eyes, a row of spots
above margin 8

With two small spots above apex of ver-

tex 6

With a row of four spots above apex, fig.

3h8/5 7. balli
Band of vertex narrow, with an anterior

projection at each end on inside margin
of ocellus; body pale beneath 7

Hand of vertex, fig. 368f", broad, irregular

in outline, usually with a posteriorly
projecting mark near each eye; body
black beneath

4. nigrlventer
F.lytra yellow, without dark markings, . - -

5. caperatus

DECISUS

GNARUS FLAVICOSTUS

Elytra pale, heavily infuscated

6. gramus
8. Median spots of vertex, fig. 3^8.-/, usually

merged, forming a larger transverse
marking just above apex. . . , 9. decisus

Median spots not merged or proximal,
distinctly separated at middle 9

y. Vertex with four black spots above margin,
the median pair smaller and approxi-
mate; two pairs of oblique dashes on
base 8. sonorus

Vertex spots on margin, fig. 368D, larger,

the outer spots usually elongate; oblique
spots on base of vertex 7. balli

1. Deltocephalus fumidus Sanders &
DeLong

Deltncrplialus fumidus Sanders & DeLong
(1917 p. 86).

Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Smoky brown, iri-

descent in color. Vertex, fig. 368£, bluntly

angled, a little wider between eyes than

length at middle, smoky, darker at apex,

ocelli black, encircled with white. Elytra

pale brown, nervures paler, narrowly brown
margined.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 374C, with

posterior margin truncate, slightly sinuate,

and infuscated either side of middle; under-

lying membrane with prominent lobes visi-

ble at side of seventh sternite. Male plates,

fig. il^A, long, broad at base, and concavely

narrowed to pointed apexes.

This species has been collected only in

southern Wisconsin but it should eventually

be found in northern Illinois.

BALLI FUMIDUS

NIGRIVENTER

Fig. i6H.—Dfllaifp/i,ihis.

pronota.

CAPERATUS

l-C heads and

2. Deltocephalus flavicostus Stal

Deltocephalus flavicosta Stal (1859, p. 53).

Deltocephalus ftavocostatus Van Duzee (1892/;,

p. 116).

Deltocephalus retrorsus Uhler (1895, p. 78).

Length 3.0-3.5 mm. Dark brown to black,

with costal margins of elytra yellowish.

Vertex, fig. 368C, roundedly conical, wider

between eyes than median length, with a

pale spot enclosing each ocellus, a pale spot

at tip of apex, three pale spots arranged

concentrically behind apex, and pale spots

at the base. Pronotum with faint traces

of pale longitudinal lines. Elytra with veins

usually paler, the anterior half of each costa

usually broadly yellow, and the costal vein-

lets on posterior portion broadly white.

Face black.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 369(7, with

posterior margin sinuate, forming four

rather distinct lobes, the inner pair nar-



June. 194S DeLonc: Leafhoppers of Ii.iinois 249

rower; lobes of iinderlyinR membrane visi- Aedeacus with a dorsal spur at base, body
bl( at the sides. .Male plates, tij;. .?69, curved dorsally, constricted
gradually narrowed to blunt rounded tips. apex bluntly pointed.

on apical third,

369 C
'369 A

FLAVICOSTUS

370 C 370 A

NIGRIVENTER

371 C 371 A

CAPERATUS

373 A

369 B

370 B

371 B

372 8

BALLI

373 B

SONORUS

374 A

375 C

QNARUS

375 A

376 A

DECISUS
376 C

Fi^s. 369-376,

—

Di-ltocephaliu. A, ventral aspect of male genitalia; li, laieral aspecc of male
genitalia; C, female genitalia.



250 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2

This is a common Krass-feeding species in

the East and Middle West and occurs

ahiindantly in ahiiost every grassy area,

especially in meadows and pastures.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken from May 25 to November 4,

are from Aldridge, Alto Pass, Amboy, Anna,

Anvil Rock, Brownfield, Cave in Rock,

Champaign, Clay City, Cobden, Decatur,

Dixon Springs, Dolson, Dongola, Eichorn,

Eli/.abethtown, Fern Cliff, Fountain Bluff,

l'"ulton. Grand Detour, Grand Tower,

Hardin, Harrisburg, Jonesboro, Karnak,

.Macomb, Marshall, Metropolis, Mount
Carmel, Muncie, Normal, Oak Lawn,

Oakwood, Pekin, Port Byron, Quincy,

Shawneetown, Sparta, Springfield, Temple

Hill, Urbana, Vandalia, Vienna, Villa Ridge,

Virginia, and Watson.

3. Deltocephalus gnarus Ball

Drltoccphalus gnarus Ball (1900f, p. 345).

Length 2.25-2.5 mm. Minute, shiny black.

Vertex, fig. 3685, blunt, one-fourth wider

between eyes than median length, a pale

spot at apex often connected to a cross back

of it, and sometimes connecting by lines to

the circles around ocelli; a pair of pale

oblique dashes from margin toward disc.

Pronotum with a row of light submarginal

spots, and with the posterior margin nar-

rowly light. Scutellum black. Elytra white,

subhyaline, veins milky; in the male the disc

of each elytron is often smoky. Face black,

with numerous dashes and pale arcs.

Female seventh sternite, fig. ,375C, with

posterior margin almost truncate; central

fourth slightly indented, bearing a very

minute blunt tooth at center; membranous

plates exposed at sides of seventh sternite.

Male plates, fig. ?)HA, slightly and round-

edly narrowed to pointed tips.

This is a minute species known previously

from Iowa, South Dakota, and Tennessee.

It closely resembles l\Iacrosteles potoria,

and the two species occur together on Eleo-

charis and similar aquatic plants. It has

been taken in Illinois only in the central and

northern parts of the state.

Illinois Records.

—

Beach: July 25,

19.?4, Frison & DeLong, 22. CHAMPAIGN:
Sept. 20, 1886, C. A. Hart, 1 9 . Oak
Lawn: July 1, 19,?5, DeLong & Ross, 26 i ,

21$. Urbana: May 27, 1889, C. A.

Hart, 1 (5 .

4. Deltocephalus nigriventer Sanders &
DeLong

Uillorrp/ialus nigrivenler Sanders & DeLong
(1917, p. 85).

Length 2.5-2.75 mm. Yellow, robust,

with dark markings. Vertex, fig. .368/"',

about two-thirds as long as basal width

between eyes
;
yellow, with a pair of apical

black spots just back of apex, and a broad

sinuate black band, interrupted at middle,

between anterior margins of eyes and ocelli.

Pronotum pale; scutellum, spots in basal

angles, and a median longitudinal stripe

black. Elytra milky gray, subhyaline, each

clavus irregularly mottled with brown ; a

large black spot on each discal cell, one on

third anteapical cell, and another midway
on costal margin. Nervures milky white.

Face and venter black.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 370C, with

posterior margin almost truncate and incised

at middle almost to the base, the margins

of incision almost overlapping. Male plates,

fig. 370, broadly convex, tapering to rounded

upturned blunt apexes. Aedeagus short,

rapidly tapered on basal half to a slender

tapered upturned apical half, which is sharp

pointed.

A northern species occurring in old pas-

tures on grasses, nigriventer will probably

be found in northern Illinois.

5. Deltocephalus caperatus Ball

Deltoirphalus caperatus Ball (1900c, p. 343).

Deltoceplialus vinnulus Crumb (1915, p. 192).

Length 3 mm. Pale yellow, with black

markings. Vertex, fig. 368G, bluntly angled,

about as long at middle as width between

eyes, with black markings from the front

extending on to vertex and forming a tri-

angular spot on either side of apex, and a

broken transverse black band between an-

terior margins of eyes. Elytra olive, sub-

hyaline, veins whitish, sometimes narrowly

fuscous margined. Face black above, with

pale arcs, a black band along apex on the

front.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 371C, with

lateral margins short, lateral angles rounded

to posterior margin, which is bisinuate,

forming three lobes, the central one small-

est; membranous lateral angles visible.

Male plates, fig. 371, concavely narrowed

and produced to gradually tapering acutely

angled ape.xes.



June. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 251

This species is commonly found in the

Andropng'in virginicus association, and ap-

parently feeds on that plant. It is distributed

through the eastern halt of the United States

and ranges west to Colorado.

Illinois Records.

—

Apple River Canyon
St.atk Park: Au-;. 22, 1933, DcLong &
Ross, 19

; July 11. 1934. DeLong & Ross,

4c5, 3 9. Di.xoN Springs: July 9, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 19. E\ercreen Park:
Aug. 23. 1934. DeLong & Ross. M. 29.
Kern Cliff: Aug. 3, 1934. DeLong &
Mohr. 22.

6. Deltocephalus gramus (DeLong)

I'lilyamia grama DeLong (1935a, p. 156).

Length 2.3 mm. \'ellowish, with black

markings. \'erte\ bluntly angled, longer

than basal width between eyes; a pair of

large spots just back of apex ; a broad trans-

verse black band, broken at middle, extend-

ing between anterior margins of eyes; a

portion of band arises at outer end and

extends anteriorly, surrounding the ocelli;

posterior half of vertex dark. Pronotum
dark, marked with heavy black spots on

anterior half. Elytra pale brown, veins

lighter, margined with heavy brown infusca-

tions; elytra appearing longitudinally striped.

Face with a prominent curved marginal

band just below vertex, extending down
either side of face, and arcs of face dark

brown.

ALile plates rather broad at bases, rapidly

narrowed to finger-like apexes, which are

greatly produced and acutely pointed.

Only two male specimens of this species

are known, and these were taken in northern

Illinois on grasses in prairie habitats.

Illinois Records.

—

Apple River Canyon
State Park: Aug. 27, 1934, Frison & De-
Long. 1 i . Chicago: Sept. 16, 1930, D. M.
DeLong. 1 i .

7. Deltocephalus halli \ an Duzee

Dfllmrp/ialiu nigrifrons Van Duzee (1894f,

p. 293). Name preoccupied.
Orltotrphalus halli Van Duzee (1916, p. 71).

New name.

Length 3.0-3.5 mm. bellow to greenish.

marked with black spots. Vertex, tig. 368Z).

bluntly angled, almost one-third wider be-

tween eyes than median length, usually with

four spots above the front margin; the

inner pair of spots may vary in size and

the outer pair are often short bands ex-

tending from margins of the eyes and inter-

rupted at the middle. Pronotum usuallv

pale anteriorly and darker posteriorly.

Elytra smoky or olive subhyaline, nervures
paler. Face bJack. with pale arcs.

Female seventh sternite, tig. 3726', with
posterior margin sinuately sloping to a

slightly excavated central portion that bears

a minute black tooth at its apex; membra-
nous lobes conspicuous at sides of segments.

.\Lile plates, fig. 372, broad at bases, con-

vexly rounded to blunt tips, which equal or

surpass pygofers. The aedeagus is short,

gradually narrowed to a blunt upturned
tip.

This species is abundant in meadows and
pastures, and is commonly found throughout

the northeastern Cnited States.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken from »March to October 16,

are from Albion, Algonquin, Alsip, Antioch,

Beach, Dixon, Duncans Mills, F'ox Lake,

Fulton, Galena, Grafton, Gulfport, Havana,
Homer. Karnak. Luther, McHenry, Mount
Carmel, .Muncie, Oak Lawn, Oquawka,
Pere Marquette State Park, Port Hyron.

Putnam, Savanna, Sheflield, Summit, IJr-

bana, Vienna, \'olo, Watson, \Vauconda,

W'aukegan, and Zion.

8. Deltocephalus sonorus Mall

Delloirp/ialiu sonnrus Ball (19(l()f, p. 344).

Length 3.25 mm. Slender, green to

yellowish, marked with black spots. Vertex

rounded at apex, one-fourth wider between

eyes than median length, with four black

spots on the anterior margin; inner pair

usually quadrate and smaller than outer;

usually a pair of elongate fuscous spots on

either side of middle at base, and a pair on

disc. Pronotum with live yellowish longi-

tudinal stripes. Elytra olive to yellowish,

subhyaline, veins pale, often margined with

fuscous.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 3736'. with

posterior margin slightly excavated and

with a short produced rounded median lobe.

Male plates, fig. 373, broad at bases, gradu-

ally narrowed to acute tips. Aedeagus

rather short, curved dorsally on apical third,

narrowed, and with a bluntly pointed apex.

This species occurs upon grasses and many

cultivated crops, for example, wheat, clover,

and alfalfa, and it can be found in abun-

dance in pastures, meadows, and other open



252 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J ol. 24. Art. 2

habitats where t;rasses are common. It is

uiiiclv distributed from Florida through the

Middle West to Arizona and California.

Illinois Records.

—

Alton: June 26,

19.U, DeLong & Ross, 2 ? . Am boy: Aug. 8,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 19. Evergreen

Park: Aug. 23, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 i .

Gtbsonia: Oct. 2, 1934, Prison & Ross, 1 9 .

H.avana: Aug. 8, 1934, Frison & Mohr,

M, 89. Oquawka: July 30, 1936, Mohr
& Burks, 19. Vienna: on cane, June 14,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 9 .

9. Deltocephalus decisus DeLong

Dcltoirphalus decisus DeLong (1926«, p. 55).

ing forms and as far as known live in

prairie habitats or upland pastures and

meadows. Eleven species and one variety

are known to occur in the United States,

and one of these has been taken in Illinois.

1. Lonatura catalina Osborn & Ball

Lonatura catalina Osborn & Ball (1898, p. 83).

Length of macropterous form 2.75 mm.;

brachypterous 1.8-2.25 mm. Vertex about

as long as basal width. Macropterous form

greenish gray, vertex tinted with yellow

;

eyes black. Brachypterous form, fig. 238C,

uniform creamy white or orange in color,

vertex and face often yellow; pronotum and

Length 2.5 mm. Straw yellowish, with elytra brown, and abdomen almost black.

black spots. Vertex, fig. ibiA, as long at

middle as basal width, the sides convexly

rounded, with a large black transverse spot

just behind apex, this spot sometimes di-

vided into two separate spots; also an

elongated black spot on either side along

margin midway to eye and a smaller one

next to each eye ; margin of vertex milky

white between this row of spots and a heavy

black band on front just below margin.

Elytra brownish yellow, subhyaline, ner-

vures paler. A black spot on last dorsal

tcrgite of both sexes.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 376C, with

posterior margin broadly and angularly

excavated one-third the distance to base and

bearing a broad blunt tooth at apex. Male
plates, fig. 376A, broad at bases, concavely

narrowed and produced into long blunt proc-

esses, these black on either apical half.

This is another grass-feeding species that

is not found abundantly but seems to occur in

moist habitats on short grasses. It was
previously recorded from Florida only, and

has been taken in southern Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Shawneetown : June

23, 1936, DeLong & Ross, 1,?. Vienna:
June 14, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 <5 , 19.

56. LONATURA Osborn & Ball

Lonatura Osborn & Ball (1898, p. 83).

Fig. 203. Head conically and obtusely

angled, pronotum with posterior margin
truncate. Macropterous form with long

narrow elytra, appendix large, venation

obscure. Brachypterous form with short

elytra, covering second abdominal segment;

wings rudimentary, venation obscure.

The species of this genus are grass-feed-

Female seventh sternite emarginate pos-

teriorly, with a bilobed process. Male plates

small, triangular, apexes produced.

In the Middle West this is a very abun-

dant species in the Jristicla gracilis associa-

tion, and is frequently found on hillside

pastures or in areas that have been denuded

and where Aristula is the pioneer vegetation.

It also occurs in sand prairies and certain

of the more moist prairies.

Illinois Records.

—

Cave in Rock: Oct.

2, 1934, Frison & Ross, 1 cJ , 2 9 . Hardin:.

June 27, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 43 <J , .39 9 .

Herod: July 8, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 19.

57. HEBECEPHALUS DeLong

Hebeccphalus DeLong (1926a, p. 58).

Fig. 227. Vertex bluntly angled, disc

usually flattened, margin thickened and

bluntly angled with front. Elytra usually

rather long, central anteapical cell of each

elongated, strongly constricted at middle,

enlarged at either end, and decidedly pro-

duced beyond the other anteapical cell.

More than 30 species of Hebeccphalus

have been recorded for the United States,

nearly all of which occur in the West. Only

two of these species are found in the East,

and they have been collected in Illinois.

Key to Species

1. Vertex wider than long; female seventh

sternite, fig. 377D, with a deep narrow

abrupt excavation at center; male plates,

fig. 377C, broad, shorter than combined
width at base, apexes truncate

1. signatifrons

Vertex as long as wide; female seventh

sternite, fig. 377D, sinuate or truncate,

not excavated; male plates, fig. 377C,



June, 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 253

as long as combined basal width, more
narrowed, wedyc shaped. 2. cruciatus

CRUCIATUS SIGNATIFRONS

Fig. 377.

—

Hehecel'halus. -/, head and prono-

lum ; B, male genitalia, lateral aspect; C . male

genitalia, ventral aspect; D, female genitalia.

1. Hebecephalns signatifrons

(\'an Duzee)

Deltix ep/iiilus sitinalifroiu Van Duzee (1892r,

p. 305).

Lensith ,?.0-.?.5 mm. Pale yellow to gray,

with fuscous markings. Vertex, tig. ^illA,

bluntly angled, about one-third wider be-

tween eyes than length at middle; ocelli, a

pair of marginal dashes close to ape.\, .t

pair of large rectangular spots behind these,

each with a spur extending to margin, and
a pair of large round spots on base fu.scous.

Pronotum with traces of five pale longitudi-

nal stripes. Elytra gray, nervures pale,

margined with fuscous, often appearing
banded by heavy fuscous markings.

Female seventh sternite, tig. .^77/J, with
posterior margin shallowly and concavcly

rounded between prominent lateral angles

and a pair of large rounded median lobes;

lobes separated by a square notch extending

almost half way to the base; at the bottom
of notch a broad tooth is slightly produced.

Male plates, fig. 377C, broad at bases,

gradually narrowed to very broad rounded
apexes. .Vdeagus, fig. .?77B, with a pair of

apical spines directed laterally.

This species, which is western and middle

western in distribution, occurs commonly on

grasses and herbaceous vegetation. It has

been reported as living in the Sttari/i-l'ani-

cin/i association.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May .?0 to September 20, are from

Apple River Canyon State Park, Beach,

Decatur, Dixon. Fulton, Grand lower,
Herod, Homer, Karnak, Muncie. Seymour,

Springfield, Starved Rock State Park, Sum-
mit. LIrhana, Wauconda, and Zion.

2. Hebecephalus cruciatus (Osborn

& Ball)

Uilintipluilus cruciatus Oshiirn & Hall (1898,

p. 77).

Length 2.75-.?.0 mm. Pale gray, resem-

bling siffuiilifrons but smaller. Vertex, fig.

Ml. -I, bluntly angled, length eijualing basal

width between eyes. I'rontal arcs extending

over margin, a pair of fuscous triangular

spots just back of ape.x, two irregular fus-

cous oblique spots between ocelli, and a pair

of fuscous spots on each side at base. Prono-

tum with five pale longitudinal stripes.

Scutellum with four small spots along an-

terior margin. Elytra whitish, nervures

pale, margined with fuscous, a few cells

often quite dark.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 377/J, with

posterior margin slightly concave and sinu-

ate. Male plates, fig. 377C broad at base,

gradually narrowed to truncate tips, which

are one-half as wide as at base. Aedeagus

in lateral view, fig. 377/?, tapered to a nar-



254 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin yol.24.Ari.2

row apex; in ventral view widened just be-

fore apex and bluntly pointed.

This species, reported previously from

Nortb Dakota and Iowa, occurs on prairie

plants in the prairie habitat.

Illinois Records.—Decatur: June 29,

I9.?5, Prison & Mohr, 1 9. Fulton: Aug.

22, 1935, DeLons? & Ross, 2i, 8?. Han-
over: sand prairie, July 10, 1934, DeLong
6 Ross, U , 1 ? ; June 29, 1935, DeLong &
Ross, 10 9 ; Aug. 22, 1935, DeLong & Ross,

7 ,3 , 8 9 . St. Anne : July 20, 1934, DeLong
& Ross, 2<5, 19. Thomson: July 8, 1934,

DeLong & Ross, 5 ,J , 29 ;
June 30, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 219; Aug. 16, 1937, 19.
ZioN : July 16, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 9 .

58. LAEVICEPHALUS DeLong

Laevicephalus DeLong (1926a, p. 64).

Vertex varying from a sharply angled and

pointed type, the vertex acutely angled with

front, to a rather bluntly angled type with

sides often rounding to apex, and with ver-

tex bluntly angled with front. Vertex flat-

tened on disc. Venation simple.

With few exceptions the species belong-

ing to this genus are some shade of green

or yellow, quite uniform in color, and with-

out dark markings.

About 60 species of Lncviccphiilns have

been described for the United States, 9 of

which are known to occur in Illinois. As
far as is known, practically all of them are

grass feeders and are usually found in pas-

tures and meadows.

Key to Species

1. Vertex longer than basal width between
eyes, usually distinctly angled and
pointed, occasionally with tip more
blunt 2

Vertex broader between eyes than length
at middle, or, if as long, then with apex
roundedly pointed, not sharply angled

7
2. Length not more than 3.0 mm 3

Length more than 3.5 mm 5

3. Dull yellowish, with two broad longitudi-
nal brown stripes extending across
pronotum to scutellum

1. shingwauki
Greenish or greenish yellow, with definite

dark markings 4
4. l''emale seventh sternite, fig. 386£, nar-

rowly incised at middle, a round black
spot on either side. Male plates, fig.

382//, convexly rounded, almost as long
as pygofers, apexes angled

2. minimus

)

IFemale seventh sternite, fig. 386//, with
a broad shallow excavation; male plates,

fig. 381, shorter, apexes broadly rounded,
almost truncate 3. melsheimerii

5. Female seventh sternite, fig. 386G, sinu-

ate, with three small lobes at center;

male plates, fig. 379, tapered and ab-

ruptly narrowed to narrow attenuated
apexes 4. unicoloratus

Female seventh sternite distinctly pro-

duced at center, as in fig. 386/; apexes
of male plates not attenuated, but nar-

rowed and pointed 6

6. Female seventh sternite, fig. 386/, with
median third abruptly produced and
truncated. Male plates, fig. 383, with
tips quite broad, bluntly pointed and
divergent 5. sylvestris

Female seventh sternite, fig. 386, y, with
median half gradually produced to a

pointed brownish tooth. Male plates,

fig. 378, tapered to narrowly rounded
tips 6. acus

7. Greenish, with two parallel brownish
stripes on vertex, on pronotum, and on
scutellum 7. concinnus

Greenish, without parallel brownish
stripes 8

8. Female seventh sternite, fig. 386F, pro-

duced and incised at middle; male plates,

fig. 385, strongly and convexly rounded
to broad blunt apexes 8. orientalis

Female seventh sternite, fig. 386S, pro-

duced but not incised; male plates, fig.

380, narrowed to pointed apexes
9. pravus

1. Laevicephalus shingwauki Bcamcr &
TuthiU

Liirvhrplialus sliingii-auki Beamer & Tuthill

(1934, p. 19).

Length 2.5-3.0 mm. Dull yellow, with

black markings. Vertex slightly longer than

width between eyes, with two dark almost

parallel broad stripes extending across

pronotum to scutellum. Elytra somewhat

smoky. Male and female with two large

black spots on last abdominal segment, spots

of female smaller. Female seventh sternite,

fig. 386Z), with posterior margin produced

at middle into a broad tooth. Male plates,

fig. 384^, broad at bases, slightly converging

to broad truncate apexes. Male aedeagus,

fig. 3845, short, broad, cylindrical, a narrow

process arising on dorsocaudal margin, bifur-

cate near its base, the two processes long,

curved laterally and ventrally.

This is an abundant species in the fresh-

water marshes of Illinois, occurring on tall

grasses that grow in clumps. It is knowrl^j^-

only from this state and Minnesota.

Illinois Records.—Males and females.



Jun,. 194S DeLoxc: Leafhoppers of Illinois 255

taken June 30 to September 18, are from

Amboy, Beach. Des Plaines, Fox Lake, Oak
Lawn, St. Anne, Summit, Volo, Waukegan,
and Zion.

2. Laevicephalus minimus (Osborn &
Ball)

IJihocephaius minimus Oshorn i Ball (1897,

p. 211).

Length 2.5-.^.0 mm. Small, greenish yel-

low, with a bluntly angled vertex. Paler

on vertex, with traces of two brownish arcs

on each side extending from apex toward

ocellus. Elytra milky hyaline, nervures yel-

lowish, faintly bordered with fuscous, espe-

cially in male. Face dull brownish. Female

seventh sternite, fig. 386A. with posterior

margin roundedly produced, narrowly in-

cised at middle, with a very small rounded
notch on either side, median third black

margined. i\Lile plates, fig. 3,^2A . tapering

to bluntly pointed tips, almost as long as the

pygofers anil each bearing a black spot at

middle.

T his is a middle western species, and has

been found on grasses of the genus Stipii

in the Spuruholus-Slipii habitats of northern

Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Ai'im.e River Canyon
St.ate Park: July II, 1934, Frison & De-
Long, 7^,39; Aug. 22, 1935, DeLong &
Ross, 2<5, 19. W.arren: Aug. 28, 19.U,

Frison & DeLong, \ i , 5 9. White Pines
Forest State Park: Aug. 27, 1934. I'rison

& DeLong, 69 ^ , 69 9 .

385 B

__^ 384 B

MINIMUS SYLVESTRIS SHINOWAUKI ORIENTALIS

Figs. 378-385.—La<tiV<7i/;rt/Hi, male genitalia. A, ventral aspect; /i. lateral a^pect.



256 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ol. 24, Art. 2

3. Laevicephtilus melsheimerii (Kitcli)

Amhlycrpliiilus mi-lshrimi-rii Fitch (1851, p.

61).

Length 2.5-2.75 mm. Vertex longer than

width between eyes, sharply angled. Female

uniform yellowish, with milky white ner-

UNICOLORATUS SYLVESTRIS

Fig. 386.

—

Liie-v'icfphahis. A-I, female geni-

talia.

vures. Male head, pronotum, and scutellum

brighter yellow, a faint brown arc on either

side of vertex extending from apex to black

ocelli. Elytral nervures faintly bordered

throughout with fuscous. Face pale brown.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 386//, with

median half of posterior margin having a

simple very shallow black-bordered excava-

tion. Male plates, fig. 38L/, broad at bases,

only slightly narrowed to broadly rounded

upturned tips appearing from below as

almost truncate; a median brownish line

expanding toward tip of each plate. Aedea-

gus in lateral view, fig. 381/i, broad at base,

with a short dorsobasal process; notch at

about the middle of caudal side producing

a long narrowed attenuated process dorsad

to notch.

Distributed through the eastern states

and west to Colorado, this species occurs on

dry uplands, pastures, and meadows in the

Daiithoiiia association, where it has been

collected from Danthonia spicata and com-

pressa.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken March 28 to (October i, are from

Anvil Rock, Dixon Springs, Dolson, Eliza-

bethtown, Gibsonia, Grand Detour, High

Knob, Monticello, Muncie, N orris City,

Ozark, Palos Park, and Starved Rock State

Park.

4. Laevicephalus unicolorattis (Gillette

& Baker)

Delloiephalus unicoloratus Gillette & Baker

(1895, p. 89).

Deltocep/ialus ocidatus Osborn & Ball (1897,

p. 212). Preoccupied.
Deliocephalus nominatns Sanders & DeLong

(1920, p. 9). New name for ocidatus O. & B.

Length 3.5 mm. Pale yellowish to green-

ish. Vertex a little longer than basal width

between eyes. Ocelli, impressed line on

vertex, and eyes dark; interocellar line from

apex to ocelli pale brownish. Elytra sub-

hyaline, nervures yellowish. Female seventh

sternite, fig. 386G, with median third of

posterior margin produced, dark margined,

and scarcely trilobate. Male plates, fig.

M9A, convex, narrowed to produced at-

tenuated tips. Aedeagus, fig. 3795, long,

narrowed, and slender on median third,

broadened on apical third and bearing a ven-

tral tooth about one-fourth the distance

from apex.

This species is common on Anilropogon

in the east-central states and in Illinois in

certain of the dark prairie and sand prairie

habitats.

Illinois Records.

—

Cave in Rock: Oct.

2, 1934, Frison & Ross, 19. Dongola:

May 11, 1917, 1 9. Evergreen Park: Aug.

23, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 31 <5, 28$ ; July

1, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 5 <5 , 65. Hano-
ver: June 29, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 19.

Oak Lawn: in lamp globe, Aug. 23, 1934,

U , 1 9 . St. Anne: July 20, 1934, DeLong

& Ross, 3c5, 169 ; Aug. 21, 1934, DeLong

& Ross, 3 9 ; Aug. 26, 1935, DeLong & Ross,

19. Vienna: June 14, 1934, DeLong &



Jiun. 194S DeLoxo: Leafhopi>ers of Illin- ois 257

Ross, 12. Ziox: July 16, I9.?5, DcLoii- &
Ross, 1 <5 , 3 $ ; Aut;. 7, 1935, DcLong &
Ross, I 9 .

5. Lai'Z'icephalus sylvestrh (Osborn &
Ball)

Diltncepliiihis syl-vcslris Osbnin S: B.ill (1897
p. 213).

Lent;tli 3.5 mm. Dull t;reenish, tinged

w ith yellow. Vertex distinctly anj^led, about

one-tourth longer than width between eyes.

Ocelli and eyes dark; a rather heavy fus-

cous stripe on either side of apex extending

obliquely onto disc, then broadening and
continuing to pronotum. Elytra whitish or

dull hyaline, nervures greenish yellow, often

broadh margined with fuscous, especially

on apical portions and along sutural line.

Female seventh sternite, tig. 386/, emar-
ginate posteriorly on either side of an abrupt-

ly produced black truncated process that is

almost one-third the length of the segment

on the median third. Male plates, tig. 383.:/,

with sides concavely narrowed to bluntly

pointed divergent tips. Aedeagus long, in

lateral view, fig. 383B, with basal third

bioadened and bearing a dorsal spine; apical

two-thirds narrow and slightly enlarged at

apex.

T his distinctive species occurs with nul-

sheimerii in the Daiithuiiia spicata associa-

tion and probably feeds on several of the

grasses. It is a common and widely dis-

tributed species from the Great Lakes region

to the Gulf Coast.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 18 to November \. are

from Alton, Apple River Canyon State Park,

Atlas, Barry, Cave in Rock, Dixon Springs,

Dolson, Dubois, Eichorn. Fairfield, Fox
Lake, Galena. Geff, Havana, Herod, Hope-
dale, Jonesboro, Karnak, Mahomet, Mar-
shall, Monticello, Mount Carmel, Muncic,
New Milford, Newton, Olive Branch, Ore-
gon, Ozark, Pike, Port Byron, St. Anne.

Savanna, Seymour, Shawneetown, Temple
Hill, Urbana, Vienna, Watson, White Pines

Forest State Park, and Wilmington.

6. Ltievicephalus acus (Sanders &
DeLong)

Deltotrphalus aciis Sanders i DeLong (1920,

p. 10).

Length 4 mm. ^'elhjwish green, sharp

headed. \'ertex one-fifth longer at middle

than width between eyes; the median im-
pressed line, ocelli, and arcuate line from
apex toward eye pale brown. Elytra milky
hyaline, veins paler, faintly bordered with
fuscous. Face sordid yellow, with paler
arcs.

I-'emalc seventh sternite, tig. 386.-/, with
median half of posterior margin produceil,

forming a broad, pointed tooth with sinuate

sides and margined with brown. .Male
plates, tig. il%A, concavely narrowed to

bluntly pointed apexes. Aedeagus in lateral

view, tig. 378S, broad at base, with a very
blunt dorsal spur; narrowed at one-third

its length to a narrow apical portion that

is slightly enlarged at apex.

This is a grass-feeding species that seems
to be found more abundantly upon coarse

grasses in swampy areas than elsewhere.

It has not been taken on the prairies. It is

northern in distribution, ranging from New
\'ork west to Wisconsin and Illinois.

Illinois Record.

—

W.mjcoxd.a: July 23,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 15.

7. Lnei'icephalus coiicinnus (Sanders &
DeLong)

Deltni rpliittiis iominiius Sanders & OcLong
(1917, p. 86).

Length 3 mm. (jreenish, marked with

longitudinal stripes. Vertex bluntly angled,

as long as wide. Ocelli black; vertex, prono-

tum, and scutellum each with two broad

parallel brownish stripes, and an additional

stripe behind each eye on pronotum. Elytra

with white nervures. Face dusky. Female

seventh sternite, tig. 3866', slightly longer

than preceding sternite, almost truncate,

sinuate, and with median brown spot. 'Flu-

male is not known.

This species has been collected in tall

grasses and sedges in marshes in Wisconsin

and northern Illinois.

Illinois Records.— Fo.x L.ake: June 30,

1935, DeLong & Ross, I 9 ; June 26, 19.?6,

49.

8. Laevicephalus orientalis DeLong &
Davidson

I.arvicrphalus orientalis DeLong & David-
son (1935, p. 167).

Length 3.5-4.0 mm. Vertex as long as

basal width between the eyes, creamy to

bright yellow. Pronotum and scutellum

greenish, washed with yellow. Elytra vary-



258 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin rol.24,Art.2

ing in color, sometimes dark green, with

white or yellowish veins, often with apexes

smoky.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 386/', with-

out lateral angles, posterior margin pro-

iliiced, sloping to middle of segment, which

is distinctly incised, leaving a pair of in-

conspicuous teeth at middle. Male plates,

fig. 3B5A, broad at bases, strongly and con-

vexly curved to rather blunt and broad

apexes. Aedeagus in lateral view, fig. .^85B,

appearing broad, with a curved portion ex-

tending ventrally and posteriorly and pro-

duced by being curved upward; this struc-

ture open in the middle and appearing as

two parallel pieces.

Distributed from Pennsylvania to Ten-

nessee and Illinois, this species has been

taken commonly in open woodland on

Rlymus grasses.

Illinois Records.

—

Cave in Rock: May
7, 19.32, H. L. Dozier, 19. Dubois: May
21, 1917, 1 <? . Eichorn: Hicks Branch,

June 1.1 19.34, DeLong & Ross, 69 . Eliza-

BETHTOWN : May 27-31, 1932, Dozier, 1 9.

Hardin: June 5-9, 1932, Dozier, 19.

Monticello: June 11, 1934, Prison & De-

Long, \i. Shawneetown: June 14, 1934,

Ross & DeLong, 2 9 .

9. Laevicephalus pravus DeLong

Laemceplialus pravus DeLong (1937^, p. 34).

Length 3.0-3.5 mm. Yellowish, resem-

bling unicoloratus in general appearance.

Vertex bluntly angled, a little wider between

eyes than median length, bright yellow, un-

marked. Ocelli and ovipositor black.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 3865, round-

edly produced, almost truncate. Male plates

long, tapered to acute apexes. Aedeagus

in lateral view, fig. 380B, narrowed at half

its length and tapered to a long threadlike

attenuated apex ; in ventral view it appears

broad at base, rapidly narrowed and pro-

duced, slightly enlarged just before apex,

and with teeth on the outer margin; tip of

aedeagus bluntly pointed.

This species was taken abundantly in a

prairie habitat in northern Illinois, and from

one other locality in the state. It is known
only from Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

DesPlaines: Sept.

4. 1935, DeLong & Ross, 13; Sept. 18,

1935, DeLong & Ross, 15<?, 52 9. Han-
over: Aug. 22, 1936, 1<J.

59. PSAMMOTETTIX Haupt

I'sammoliltix Haupt (1929, p. 262).

V\g. 236B. Closely related to Laevuephu-

liis, this genus is distinguished chiefly by

having the male plates, figs. 387, 388, shorter

than the valve, and the female seventh

sternite, fig. 236, is usually broadly and

concavely rounded and relatively simple on

the posterior margin.

Twelve species have been recorded in this

genus for the United States under the J
striatus group of Lafviccphtilus (DeLong
& Knull. 1945). Two species occur in Illi-

nois.

Kev to Species

Male aedeagus, fig. 387, blunt and entire at

apex; connective long, slender. . .1. striatus
Male aedeagus, fig. 388, sharp pointed at apex
and bifurcate one-third the length of aedea-
gus; connective short, horseshoe shaped.

2. ferratus

1. Psammotettix striatus (Linnaeus)

I
CAcada striata Linnaeus (1758, p. 437).

Length 3.5^.0 mm. Greenish, markings

variable in color. Vertex blunt and broadly

angled, often with definite fuscous spots or

blotches, interocellar line pale. Elytra vari-

able, nervures frequently fuscous margined,

and often so dark that elytra appear striped.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 236/i, with

posterior margin shallowly concave on me-

dian half. Male plates, fig. 387, short,

apexes obliquely truncate and gently sloping

to median line, the large round male valve

almost obscuring the plates. Aedeagus con-

nective twice as long as aedeagus, which is

slender, curved dorsally, and bears a dor-

sally directed ventral process.

A transcontinental species, this is one of

the most common of the grass leafhoppers

and is found in greater abundance in pas-

tures and meadows than in prairie habitats.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 14 to October 1, are from

Algonquin, Alton, Amboy, Antioch, Arling-

ton Heights, Barry, Beach, Bradley, Bush-

nell. Champaign, Decatur, Des Plaines,

Effingham, Elizabeth, Evergreen Park,

F"orest City, Fox Lake, Fulton, Galena,

Grafton, Grand Detour, Grays Lake, Han-

over, Hardin, Havana, Homer, Ingleside,

Kankakee, Macomb, Marshall, Mason City,

McHenry, Monmouth, Monticello, Mount ,,

1

I

I



Jutu. 1V4S DeLono: Leafhoppers ok Illinois 259

Sterling, Muncie, New Holland, New Mil-
ford. Normal, Oak Lawn, Ogden,
Oquawka, Orangeville, Palos Park, Pankey-
ville, Parker, Port Hyron, St. Anne,
Savanna, Seymour, Shawneetown, Sheffield,

Springfield, Summit, Texas City. Urhaiia,

\'ol(). Watson, Wauconda, Wauke[;an.
White Heath, White Pines Forest State

Park, and Zion.

2. Psitmmotettix fenutiis ( DcLonji &
Davidson

)

Laeviiephalus ferraius DeLong & Davidson
(1935. p. 170).

Lenfith 3.5 mm. In size, form, and colora-

tion this species resembles striatiis so closely

it cannot be separated by external markings

or by external genital structures.

I'emale seventh sternite shallowly and
concavely rounded as in striului. Male
plates, tig. .?88, short and truncate. Con-
nectives very short, in ventral view with

a rounded horseshoe-shaped base; aedeagus

short, angularly bent and directed upward,
apex sharply pointed, appearing bifurcate

in dorsal view.

This species occurs in various habitats and

387A

387 B

Fig. 387.

—

Psammnti'tlix ilritilui. male geni-
talia. .7, ventral aspect; B. lateral aspect.

388 B

Fig. 38H.

—

I'.fiimmolillix jennliu, male geni-
talia. ./, ventral aspect: li. lateral aspect.

has been taken along Lake Eric and in the

Chicago area near Lake Michigan. It has

also been recorded from Pennsylvania, but

has been collected only in small numbers in

these localities.

Illinois Records.

—

M.\co.mb: in pasture.

July .?, 19.U. DcLong & Ross, M. St.

Anne: July 20, 19.U, DeLong & Ross, I i .

VOLO: Tulv 27. 19.U. DeLong & Ross, 1 <J ,

29.

60. AMPLICEPHALUS DeLong

Amprnrpluilus DeLong (1926«, p. 83).

Fig. 208. Vertex transverse and broad,

width between eyes greatly exceeding length

at middle, strongly rounded or very broadly

and bluntly angled with front. Elytra with

central anteapical cell constricted and

divided, and with one or two crossveins be-

tween first and second sectors. Form broad

and robust.

Key to .Species

Tawny, with a row of four or six black spots

just above margin of vertex 1. osborni
Green, with a transverse black band just back

of yellow vertex margin 2. estacadus



2bO Illinois Natural History Survky Bulletin Vol. 24. Art. 2

1. Amplicephalus osborni (Van Du^^ee)

Delloiffi/iiiliis os/'orni Van Ouzee (1892f, p.

304).

Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Tawny yellow, with

black markings. Vertex, fig. }S9A, one-third

broader than long, with four or six dark

spots on anterior margin, the middle pair

larger and prominent, the two next to each

ocellus smaller, transverse, often wanting;

in well-marked specimens there is usually a

tawny interrupted transverse band between

eyes, and an irregular spot at base on either

side. Pronotum with traces of five pale

longitudinal stripes. Elytral nervures white,

often heavily margined with fuscous.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 389Z), with

posterior margin bisinuate, forming three

OSBORNI ESTACADUS

Fi^;. 389.

—

Amplicephciliis. .7, head and pro-

notum; B, male genitalia, lateral aspect; C,

male genitalia, ventral aspect; D, female geni-

talia.

broadly rounded lobes, broadly margined

with dark brown ; lateral lobes prominent

at sides. Male plates, fig. 389C, triangular,

gradually narrowed to acute tips. Aedeagus

in lateral view, fig. 389B, broad, apical por-

tion inflated and narrowed to a bluntly

pointed apex.

This is a fresh-water marsh species found

especially in the northern states from Maine

to Colorado.

Illinois Records.—-Many males and fe-

males, taken May 8 to September 24, are

from Amboy, Antioch, Beach, Clay City,

Danville, Dubois, Fox Lake, Grand Detour,

Havana, Oak Lawn, Oakwood, Port Byron,

Princeton, Sun Lake, Volo, and Wauconda.

2. Amplicephalus estacadus (BM)

Athysanus esfacadiis Ball (1911, p. 200).

Length 3.5 mm. Yellow to greenish, with

black bands. Vertex, fig. 389/^, wider than

median length, with a yellow margin, just

back of and parallel to which is a broad

black band. Pronotum with a transverse

median light band. Elytral nervures light.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 389Z), short,

posterior margin slightly and broadly emar-

ginate. Male plates, fig. 389C, triangular,

broad at base, convexly rounding to near

middle, then concave, gradually narrowing

to acute tips. Aedeagus broad in ventral

view, fig. 3895, and deeply bifid at apex ; in

lateral view it appears notched on dorsal

surface near base and is tapered to a pointed

apex.

This is a grass-feeding species found

abundantly in pastures and meadows. It

is southern in distribution and will probably

be found in southern Illinois.

6L ARUNDANUS DeLong

Arundanus DeLong (1935*, p. 180).

Fig. 220. The genus is characterized by

having the vertex produced and bluntly

angled, flat, margin rather thick but dis-

tinct, not rounded to front. Venation of

wing with central anteapical cell greatly

elongated, constricted, and divided by a

crossvein at center; outer anteapical cell

usually elongated but narrow; inner ante-

apical cell short and rather broad.

As far as known, the 14 described species

of this genus are largely confined to cane,

Arnndinaria tecia, an abundant host along

stream margins or in low moist areas in the



Ju,u . 194S DeLonc: Leafiioim'ers of Illinois 261

southeastern United States. In Illinois tlio

cane occurs north of the Ohio River, exteml-

ing to some extent over the southern fourth

of the state. Records of four species have

heen obtained in Illinois, and several other

species may occur here.

Key to Species

1. bellow, orange, or brown, marked with
black transverse lines or spots on mariiin
of vertex 2

Color white, yellow, orange, or some shade
ot brown, without black spots or lines

on margin of vertex. , , .5
2. \'ertex with a black wavy line on margin

or just below; margin not white, bordered
with dark lines 3

\'crtex margin white or pale, bordered with
black lines above and below 4

3. \ crtex with a broad wavy line on margin,
with tour quadrate black spots above,
tig. .WO./ 1. crumbi

.\ heavy wavy line below vertex margin,
an interrupted black band above, com-
posed ot three narrowly connected
triangular spots on either side, tig.

390fi 2. proprius
4. \'ertex with a broken line composed of

lour irregular triangular spots above
margin, fig. 390£. Female seventh
sternite, fig. 390/, deeply and roundedly
excavated at middle. Male aedeagus,
Hgs. 390A', 390O, terminating in sharply
pointed processes 3. arundineus

\ ertex with a wavy line above the white
margin, fig. 390C. Female seventh
sternite, fig. 3907, appearing trilobate.

Male aedeagus, figs. i90P, 390(2,
rounded, blunt at apex, dorsal process
broad, serrate on truncate tip.

4. marginellus
5. Dorsum uniform in color, deep orange in

male, white in female 5. nacreosus
Dorsum not uniform in color; vertex
orange yellow, margin paler; eivtra
smoky yellow, nervures pale

6. flavotinctus

1. Artindiiuus criimhi (DeLong)

Thdrntiuleltix crumhi DeLoiig (1916, p. 81).

Length 5.0-5.5 mm. Orange yellow, with

a rather broad wavy line on anterior margin
of vertex, fig. .?90./. and four quadrate spots

just above black, the central pair larger;

verte.x one-fourth longer at middle than next

to eyes. Elytra yellowish, nervures orange

yellow, wings smoky. Female seventh ster-

nite, fig. ,?90A', broadly and angularly exca-

vated, lateral angles produced and promi-

nent. Male plates elongate, longer than com-
bined bas:il width, gr;ulually tapered from
bases to blunt apexes. Aedeagus, figs. 390A;,

3905, with a long tapering ventral process

that is curved dors:illy and anteriorly at

apex, also a broad dorsal process, blunt at

apex, extending dorsally from base of aedea-
gus body and curved anteriorly.

Common on Arundiuaria tecia in Tennes-
see, ciiimhi should occur in southern Illinois.

2. Annittaiiiis proprius (DeLong)

T/iiimiiotillix proprius DeLong (1918/', p. 238).

Length of male 4.5 mm. Resembling
shcrmani Hall (1903, p. 230), in coloration

but with a more strongly produced and
angled vertex, tig. 390/i. Vertex a little

wider between eyes at base than median
length; margin pale, bordered beneath by a

uniform black band and above by a band
composed of three large triangular spots on
each side, the central pair of spots largest

and decidedly separated. ALale plates, fig.

390^1/, long and narrow, bluntly pointed.

Aedeagus in lateral view, fig. 390/,, curved
dorsally at ape.x and enlarged into a half

spearhead, the enlarged portion on the

caudal margin. Style with a short outwardly
curved apical process.

This species is known to occur in Ten-
nessee only.

3. Ariindanus iiriindinciis (DeLong)

Thamnntillix aruiuihieus lleLong (1926//, ]i.

91).

Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Smokv brown, tinged

with orange. Vertex, fig. 390A', bluntly

;ingled, almost one-fourth wider between

eyes than length ;it middle; margin p;ile,

bordered with brou n below and with a

broken brownish line above, the latter com-
posed of four irregular triangular spots;

two broad orange longitudinal bands arise

near margin of vertex and extend across

pronotum to basal angles of scutellum.

F.lytra smoky subhyaline, veins whitish.

Femiile seventh sternite, fig. 390/, pro-

duced on either side to form a pair of

broadly rounded lobes, between which the

posterior margin is broadly and roundedly

excavated more than half way to the base.

Male valve, fig. 390f/, broad, triangular,

plates long and narrow, almost three times

as long as valve and gradually tapering to

rather sharp apexes. Ventral process of

aedeagus, fig. 390.V, \\M\ :in enlarged blunt

rounded apex; dorsal portion slightly en-

hirged at apex, truncate and with a serrate

margin.



262 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I'ol. 24, Jri. 2

NACREOSUS FLAVOTINCTUS

Fig. 390.

—

Arundanus. A-F, head and pronotum
; G-K, female genitalia; I^W , male genitalia.

i



Jim,-. W4S DeLonc. : Leafhoi'I'ers of Illinois 263

A common species on cane, Arumlinariii

Itcla. nriiniiiiieiis occurs in southern Illinois

nnil Tennessee.

Illinois Record.

—

X'ienna: June 14,

l';,U, DeLunfi & Ross, 12 i, 10$.

4. Ariindaniis margiin'lliis Del^oni;

.huiiiianiis rnmy/inelhis DeLoiig (19iik, p.

ISl).

Lent;th 3.0—5.5 mm. lawny to grayish,

tinged with orange. V'erte.v, tig. .?906', flat,

bluntly angled, a little more than half as

long at middle as width between eyes; mar-

gin of verte.x conspicuously white, bordered

above by brownish wavy line and below by

a fainter line. Pronotum marked with four

conspicuous longitudinal orange stripes. El-

ytra with pale veins.

Female seventh sternite. fig. .iVO/, long,

with prominent lateral angles, posterior

margin indented on either side of a broad

median rounded tooth, which is produced

as far as the lateral angles and is bifid at

apex. Male valve, fig. .^90/-", broad, obtusely

angled; plates long, gradually tapering to

narrow acute tips. Ventral portion of aedea-

giis, fig. ^90Q, broad, elongate, slightly en-

larged just before apex, then terminating

in a pair of long spinelike structures; dorsal

portion composed of a long slender tapered

spine.

A common species on cane, .Inuiiliiun ui

III la. iniiryiiirlliis occurs in Illinois and

1 ennessee.

Illinois Records.

—

Herod: July 6-11,

19.^5, DeLong & Ross, ii. 19." Karkak:
Aug. 8, 19.54, 1 9. Thebes: July II, 19.55,

DeLong & Ross, bi. 1.5 9. Vienna:
savanna grasses, June 14, 19.54, DeLong &
Ross, .50,5, 16 9'; July 10, 19.55, DeLong
& Ross, M, 79.

5. Arundaiius nacreosiis (Crumb)

Clilorotetlix nacreosiis Crumb (1915, p. 196).

Length 5.0-5.5 mm. With distinct sexual

dimorphic coloration. Male deep orange,

female uniformly white. \'ertex, fig. ,590/-).

obtusely angulate. one-half longer at middle

than next to eye. l-'emale seventh sternite,

fig. .590G, tw'ice as broad as long, with pos-

terior margin excavated half way to base

by a broad triangular notch, uhich is inter-

rupted on either side of middle by a pair

of rounded lobes, presenting the appearance

of three distinct notches. ^L^le valve, tig.

.590L', convex anteriorly, rounded posteri-

orly, two and one-half times as broad as

long; plates longer than broad, tips round-
ing. Aedeagus, tig. .5907", with a short broad
blunt ventral portion and a pair of long

slender bladelike structures comprising the

dorsal portion.

Very abundant on cane, Aninilniarin

ticta. this species occurs in the Mississippi

and (^hio river valleys in southern Illinois.

Illinois Records.— Ei.izabethtown :

June 25, 19.52, Ross, Dozier, & Park, I <5 .

Herod: Aug. 4, 19.54, DeLong & Mohr,
1 9 ;

June 24, 19.56, DeLong & Ross, 5 c5 ,

29. Karnak: Aug. 8, 19.54, DeLong &
.Mohr, U, 19. Vienna: June 14, 19.54,

DeLong & Ross, 54(5, 19; Julv 29, 19,54,

DeLong & Ross, 16<}, 21 9.

6. Ariiiuliitiiis fiavotinclus (DeLong)

T liamiiiiirttix jla-vittitittiis Del.niig (1916. p.

82).

Length 5.5 mm. ^'cUowish, tinged with

orange, margin paler tlian adjacent areas.

Elytra smoky yellow, nervures pale. Vertex,

tig. ,590/'', flat, a little wider between eyes at

base than median length. Female seventh

sternite, tig. .590//, with posterior margin

broadly and angularly excavated half way
to the base, bottom of excavation brownish.

.M:ile valve, tig. ,590// , almost truncated,

fitting in the concavity of the seventh ster-

nite; plates rather short and broad, a spot

near outer margin at base of each. Ventral

portion of aedeagus, fig. .390/', long, gradu-

ally narrowed to acutely pointed upturned

apex; dorsal portion broad, enlarged, and

curved dorsally before blunt apex.

Common on cane, Aruiulinaria tiilii. this

species is found in the Mississippi River

valley.

Illinois Record.

—

\'ienna: July 10,

19 5 S. DeLong & Ross, 29.

62. GRAMINELLA DeLong

Gramhiella OcLong (1936rt, p. 218).

Individuals of this genus usually have a

produced and bluntly angleil vertex with a

thin margin, angled with front. \'enation

simple, central anteapical cell long and con-

stricted at middle; outer imteapica! cell

comparatively short.

Individuals of the 14 known species of



264 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin rol.24,Jri.2

the genus are comparatively small in size,

3.5^.5 mm., and so far as is known are all

grass feeders. They are common in the

fresh- and salt-water marshes of the eastern

United States, occurring especially upon the

grasses of the Spartina association. Six

species have been taken in Illinois; some of

them occur on the wet and dry prairies.

Kev to Species

1. Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum with

broad longitudinal red stripes, fig. 391

C

r 1. aureovittata
Without red longitudinal lines on vertex,

pronotum, and scutellum 2

2. Vertex marked with four marginal spots. .

3

Vertex without black spots, sometimes

with faint brownish markings ..5

3. Row of black spots on vertex continuing

through ocelli along anterior margins

of eyes to antennae 2. nigrifrons

Row of black spots not continuing below

the vertex margin; ocelli often pale,

inconspicuous 4

4. Length 4.5 mm. Spots on vertex large,

conspicuous; female seventh sternite,

fig. 391 £3, with broad median sunken
tooth; male plates, figs. 391£6, 391 £7,

one-half longer than combined basal

width, apexes pointed 3. fitchii

Length not exceeding 4.0 mm. Paler in

color; ocelli black, spots on vertex

often faintly marked; female seventh
sternite, fig. 391D3, concavely rounded,

without tooth; male plates, fig. 391 D6,
as long as combined basal width

4. pallidula
5. Female seventh sternite, fig. 391 S3, with

prominent sunken tooth; apical portion

of male aedeagus, figs. 391S4, 391SS,
concavely emarginate on ventral side

before apex, and with a large black

tooth on upper apical portion

5. mohri
Female seventh sternite, fig. 2i9\A3, con-

cavely rounded, without tooth; male
aedeagus, figs. 391.^4, 391. /5, concave
on dorsal surface, a small black tooth

on ventral median portion. . .6. oquaka

1. Graminella aureovittata (Sanders &
DeLong)

Thamnotettix aurro-viltiiliis Sanders & DeLong
(1920, p. 16).

Length 4 mm. Yellowish or pale brown,

ocelli black, a pair of small black triangular

spots at apex of vertex; two broad bright

red longitudinal bands extend across vertex,

pronotum, and scutellum. Elytra brownish,

with pale veins. Vertex, fig. .391d, broadly

rounded, one-fourth wider between eyes

than median length and only slightly pro-

duced before outer margins of eyes.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 391C3,

rather deeply and roundedly excavated on

median half of posterior margin, brown
bordered; underlying sternite shows con-

spicuously at lateral edges of seventh ster-

nite. Male plates, fig. 3916'6, short and

broad, rounded. Aedeagus, figs. 391 6'4.

391(75, in ventral view broadened at apex

and narrowly notched ; in lateral view

tapered to a pointed apex. Style as in fig.

391C2.

This species occurs abundantly on the

wet prairies in the Chicago area. It is

recorded from Horida, Massachusetts, and

Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Oak Lawn : in lamp

globe, Aug. 22, 1934, I4<?, 10$ ; Aug. 23,

1934, Prison & Ross, 1 S ; sand prairie, Aug.

27, 1934, 1 9 ; Sept. 6, 1935, T. H. Prison,

1 <? . St. Anne: July 20, 1934, DeLong &
Ross, 1 9. Summit: July 17, 1935, DeLong
cSc Ross, U, 39 ; Aug. 21, 1935, DeLong
& Ross, IS, 19.

2. Graniinella nigrifrons (Forbes)

Cicadula niijrifrons Forbes (1885, p. 67).

Thamnotettix perpunctata Van Duzee (1894i,

pp. 200, 212).

Length 2.5—1.0 mm. Yellowish green,

marked with black spots. Vertex bluntly

angled, one-third wider between eyes than

median length, with a row of black spots

on anterior margin extending down on to

front next to eyes. Face almost black and

marked with irregular yellow spots. Elytra

with pale nervures, these often bordered

with fuscous.

Female seventh sternite emarginate pos-

teriorly. Male plates short, broad at base,

and narrowed to acute apexes. Aedeagus

rather rapidly narrowed on basal third to

a long slender dorsally curved apical por-

tion, the apex of which is blunt and bent

anteriorly.

This is one of the most abundant and

common of the grass-feeding species of leaf-

hoppers in the eastern half of the United

States. It can be found upon almost every

lawn, pasture, and meadow and upon almost

every cultivated crop.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 11 to November 13, are

from Albion, Algonquin, Alton, Anvil Rock,

1



June, 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 265

Fig. 391.

—

Cniminrllti. 1, head and pronotum ; 2, style; 3, female seventh sternite ; 4, ventral

view of aedeagus; 5, lateral view of aeileagus; 6, male plate; 7, ventral view of male genitalia.



266 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin rol.2-f,Art.2

Anna, Apple River Canyon State Park,

Harry, Bushnell, Cache, Cairo, Carbondale,

Cave in Rock, Champaign, Cobden, Collins-

villa, Danville, Decatur, Detroit, Dixon

Springs, Dolson, Dongola, Du Quoin, East

Cape Girardeau, Eichorn, Elizabethtown,

Evergreen Park, Fulton, Geff, Giant City,

(iihsonia, Golconda, Grafton, Gulfport.

Harrisburg, Havana, Herod, High Knob,

Hillsboro, Horseshoe Lake, Kampsville,

Kankakee, Karnak, Lawrenceville, Lincoln,

Luther, Marshall, McHenry, Meredosia,

Metropolis, Mokena, Momence, Mount
Carmel, Muncie, Norris City, Oak Lawn,
Oakwood, Ogden, Olive Branch, Oquawka,
Pike, Port Byron, Princeton, Pulaski, Put-

nam, Quincy, St. Anne, St. Joseph, Seymour,

Shawneetovvn, Sparta, Sugar Grove, Tem-
ple Hill, Thomson, Urbana, Ursa, Vandalia,

Vienna, Villa Ridge, Volo, Warsaw, Wat-
son, West Union, White Pines Forest State

Park, Wolf Lake, and Zion.

3. Graminella fifchii (Van Duzee)

Tliamnuieltix fitiliii Van Duzee (1890«, p.

133).

Length 4.5 mm. Yellowish green, with

four black spots above margin of vertex, a

round one next to each ocellus and a pair

of triangular spots just back of apex ; vertex

bluntly angled, slightly wider between eyes

than median length. Elytra with pale veins.

Female seventh sternite, fig. ,591£.?,

roundedly excavated on either side of a

median slightly produced broad sunken

tooth; black markings of posterior margin

causing it to appear more deeply notched.

Male plates, figs. 391£6, 391£7, long,

gradually and concavely tapered to bluntly

pointed apexes; valve with a pair of proc-

esses at apex. Aedeagus in ventral view,

fig. 391£4, broad, slightly constricted at

middle, enlarged on apical third, then

tapered to a pair of laterally directed pointed

apical processes that are formed by a deep

narrow median incision; in lateral view,

aedeagus, fig. .^91 £5, broad at base, nar-

rowed near apex, then apparently enlarged

bv the curling of the apex. Stvle as in fig.

.391 £2.

This is the most common species of the

genus and has been found throughout Illi-

nois. Distributed through the eastern states

and west to Kansas, it occurs in abundance
in fresh-water marshes and swamps, on

rank growths of grasses, and on the moist

prairies.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 20 to October 5, are from
Algonquin, Alton, Antioch, Apple River

Canyon State Park, Beach, Detroit, Dixon
Springs, Dolson, Dongola, Elgin, Fern Cliff,

Fountain Bluff, Fox Lake, Fulton, Geff,

Grafton, Grand Detour, Gulfport, Hamil-
ton, Hanover, Havana, Herod, Homer,
Karnak, Keithsburg, Momence, Monticello,

Muncie, Newton, Norris, Oak Lawn, Olive

Branch, Oquawka, Princeton, Putnam,
Quincy, Rock Island, Sheffield, Spring

Valley, Starved Rock State Park, Sugar

(jrove. Summit, Sumner, Temple Hill,

Urbana, Vienna, Volo, Waltersburg, White
Heath, Wilmington, and Zion.

4. Graminella pallidula (Osborn)

Thamnotettix piiltidulus Osborn (1898, p. 2+5).

Length 4 mm. Pale yellow, with six black

spots on or above margin of vertex, middle

pair sometimes obsolete, the outer pair on

margin anterior to eyes. Vertex, fig. 391/31,

bluntly and roundedly angled, one and one-

half times as wide between eyes at base as

length at middle. Elytra pale brown or

tawny, nervures paler.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 391£)3, with

posterior margin broadly and deeply exca-

vated, bearing an obtuse tooth at its apex.

Male plates, fig. 3912)6, convexly narrowed

to acute apexes. Styles, fig. 391£)2, broad,

with two anterior processes, which are di-

rected outwardly. Aedeagus in ventral view,

fig. 391Z)4, tapered to bluntly rounded apex;

in lateral view, fig. 391D5, broad at base,

tapered to a very narrow neck just before

a rounded bulbous apex.

This species occurs on prairie grasses and

is known only from Illinois and Iowa.

Illinois Records.— Evergreen Park:
Aug. 23, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 19.

Havana: Aug. 8, 1934, Frison & Mohr,

1 9.

5. Graminella mohri DeLong

Graminella mohri DeLong (1937f, p. 50).

Length 4 mm. Yellowish, unmarked.

Vertex, fig. 391B1, bluntly angled, about

one-third wider between eyes than length

at middle. Female seventh sternite, fig.

391B3, shallowly, roundedly excavated on



June, 1948 DeLong: LEAFHoiM'iiRS OF Illinois 267

either side of a broad rounded median tooth;

central half of segment brownish. Male
plates, fig. 39156, short and broad, gradu-

ally narrowed to blunt apexes. Styles, fig.

.?9IB2, rather narrow, each with a long

basal process. Aedeagus in ventral view,

tig. .?9IB4, broad at base, slightly tapered

to apical third, then enlarged; apex bearing

a broad deep V-shaped notch, on either side

of which is a blunt pointed apical process

that is abruptly set of^ from body of aedea-

gus at base ; in lateral view, the apical por-

tion of aedeagus. fig. .?91B5, constricted at

base on ventral side, then enlarged ; apex

broadly rounded, a large black spine on

anterior apical margin.

This is a common species of the sand

prairies and is common along the Great
Lakes and in the upper Mississippi River

valley. It is recorded from Pennsylvania,

Illinois, and Kansas.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 26 to August 22, are from

Alton. Beach. Fulton, Hanover, Mahomet.
Thomson, Waukegan. and Zion.

6. Graminella oquaka DeLong

Graminclla oquaka DeLong (1937(, p. 51).

Length 4 mm. Pale yellow, with black

ocelli and indications of four very pale spots

on margin of vertex; vertex, fig. i9\A\,
bluntly angled, about one-third wider be-

tween eyes than length at middle.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 391.:/,?, with

central half of posterior margin broadly and

roundedly excavated about one-fourth the

distance to base, at the apex of which is a

slightly produced broad median tooth. Male
plates, fig. ?i9\A6, rather short, broad at

bases, gradually narrowed to acute apexes.

Each style, fig. i9\A2. broad, the apical proc-

ess long, curved outwardly. Aedeagus in

ventral view, fig. 391.^4, rather broad,

slightly broader on apical third ; ape\

broadly, deeply excavated by a U-shaped
notch forming two narrow pointed apical

processes that are broadened toward base

and abruptly set of? from body of aedeagus

;

in lateral view, fig. 391.^5, the apical third

is broadened, rounded on ventral surface;

apex bluntly rounded, a black tooth on

median ventral portion.

Known only from Illinois, this species

occurs on hunch grass on the sand prairies

of the upper Mississippi River valley.

Illinois Records.

—

H.anover: Aug. 22,
1935, DeLong & Ross, M. Oquawka:
July 3, 19,U, DeLong & Ross, 8d, 79.
Thomson: June 30, 1935, DeLong & Ross,
i$, 19. Zion; July 25, 1934, Frison &
DeLong, 6 9 .

6.1 AMBLYSELLUS Slcesman

Amhlyselhis Sleesmaii (1930, p. 131).

Vertex produced, almost right angled,
wider between eyes than length at middle.
Front broad at apex, triangular, clypeus
long. Elytra short and broad. Pronotum
with a shiny band on front half.

(Inly one species has been placed in this

genus.

L Atnblysellus curtisii (Fitch)

Amhtycephalus curtisii Fitch (1851, p. 61).
Jussus ucrvatiis Provaiicher (1872, p. 378).

Length 3.5 mm. Small, greenish yellow,

with black markings. Vertex, fig. 397//,

sharply angled, as long as width between
eyes ; a pair of small black spots on apex,

a pair of large shiny black spots between
these and a little in front of eyes. Anterior
portion of pronotum produced between the

eyes, shiny black, posterior portion greenish

yellow, narrowly margined with fuscous

posteriorly. Elytra brown, the margins and

nervures greenish yellow.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 397B, with

lateral margins arising near base and pro-

duced to posterior margin, which is slightly

excavated on either side of a short rounded

median lobe ; lobes of underlying membrane
visible at either side. Male plates, fig. 398//,

as long as combined basal width, gradually

narrowed to acutely pointed apexes. Aedea-

gus as in fig. 398B.

This is a common species in bluegrass

meadows and pastures, also on small grains

and legumes in Illinois. It occurs in the

northeastern states, Tennessee, and in many
parts of the Middle West.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 2 to November 29, are

from Algonquin, Antioch, Apple River Can-

yon State Park, Bloomington, Carbondale,

Champaign, Dolson, Fox Lake, Galena.

Ingleside, Kankakee, New Milford, Oak-

wood, Pecatonica, Rock Island, Rockton,

Urbana, White Heath, White Pines Forest

State Park, and Wilmington.



268 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, An. 2

64. UNOKA Lawson

Vnoka Lawson (1928, p. 456).

Fig. 225. Related to Drioliirn, but with

vertex more angularly produced, almost as

long as basal width, and with sloping vertex

more broadly rounded to front. The prono-

tum is slightly longer than vertex. The

brachypterous elytra extend to the pygofers,

and the macropterous wings extend beyond

the tip of the abdomen, forming three ante-

apical cells, which are distinct in both forms

of elytra; apical cells absent in brachypter-

ous form.

Only one species, oinata, is known in this

genus, and it has not been recorded for

Illinois. However, several species of leaf-

hoppers with western distribution similar to

ornata have been taken on the sand prairies

in Illinois along the Mississippi River, and

it may be collected at some future time in

the western portion of the state.

1. Unoka ornata (Gillette)

Alliy.utnus nrnatus Gillette (1898a, p. 29).

Length 2-3 mm. Vertex bluntly angled,

wider between eyes than median length, and

broadly rounded with front. Pronotum two

and one-half times as wide as long and

slightly longer than vertex. Elytra reaching

to pygofers in brachypterous form and pro-

duced- beyond abdomen in macropterous

form. Face, vertex, pronotum, and scutel-

lum black. Posterior two-thirds of prono-

tum and apex of scutellum yellow. Elytra

milky white, with three black transverse

bands: a narrow basal one, a wider median

one, and a wide apical one; in brachypterous

specimens the apical black band covers the

apexes of the elytra; in macropterous speci-

mens, fig. 225, there is white coloration be-

yond the apical black band.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

border broadly emarginate, emargination

with two small rounded median teeth. Male
valve long, angled at apex ;

plates elongate,

triangular, exceeding pygofers, slightly and

concavely rounded to acute tips.

This species occurs in Kansas and

Nebraska on short grasses.

6S. UNERUS DeLong

Unrrus DeLong (1936n, p. 219).

Closely related to Deltrjctphaliis. The
general appearance is deltocephaloid but it

differs from the species of Deltuccfthulus by

having only one crossvein between the two

sectors instead of two crossveins. The
vertex is bluntly angled and rounded to

front, without a prominent margin. The
genitalia are similar to those of Dcllo-

cephalus. A single species, colonus, is recog-

nized for this genus.

1. Unerus colonus (Uhler)

Deltoiefhahis colonus Uhler (1895, p. 80).

Deltocephalus comatus Ball (1900f, p. 343).

Alhysanus villicus Crumb (1915, p. 194).

Length 2.5-3.0 mm. Yellowish, with two

large round black spots on anterior margin

of the vertex and two dark points at apex.

Vertex as long as basal width. Front yel-

low, tinged with orange. Pronotum yellow;

a transverse band on the anterior margin

and a broad one on the posterior margin

orange. Elytra yellowish hyaline. Abdomen
orange above, venter pale. Female seventh

sternite emarginate posteriorly, emargina-

tion with a small median tooth. Male plates

gradually narrowed to acute tips.

This is a common meadow and pasture

species in the eastern United States.

Illinois Records.

—

Cave in Rock: Oct.

2, 1934, Frison & Ross, 6S, 7$ ; July 9,

1935, Ross & DeLong, ! <? , 15. Dixon

Springs: July 29, 1934, DeLong & Mohr,

1$. Eichorn: June 13, 1934, DeLong &
Ross, 25 . Golconda; Sept. 4, 1924, T. H.

Frison, 19. Vienna: on grass, June 14,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 4<J, 19; Aug. 3,

1934, DeLong & Mohr, 14 5,49.

66. GILLETTIELLA Osborn

GUleltirlla Osborn (1930, p. 689).

P'igs. 210, 233^. This genus is character-

ized by a head that appears conical; elytra

short, and ovipositor long in the female.

Three species are at present placed in this

genus, none of which has been collected in '

or recorded for Illinois. However, since

they occur in states just west of Illinois, at

least one species may be found in the short

grass areas of the state.

I. Gillettiella atropuncta (Gillette) i
Deltocephalus alroptinctus Gillette (1898rt, p.

28).

Length of male 2 mm.; female 4 mm.

Small, with a produced vertex that bears



June. 194S DeLono : Leafhoppkrs of Im.inc 269

a black spot at apex. \'erte\ sharply pro-

duced, margins rounded to front, about

twice as long at middle as basal width be-

tween eyes. Color dull gray, with a black

spot at apex of vertex. Pronotum with a

transverse row of dark spots anteriorly.

Female seventh sternite with the posterior

margin rounded to small lateral processes,

margin slightly excavated between lateral

processes on either side of a broad rounded

middle portion, which is produced the length

r)f lateral processes. Male pygofers with

apexes broadly rounded. Valve as long as

preceding segment, apex sharply angled.

Plates broad at bases, inner margins con-

tiguous, outer margins rounded to sharp

apexes medially. Each style narrowed on

outer third; aedeagus long and slender, in

lateral view bent dorsally into a semicircle.

This species has been recorded from Kan-

sas, Nebraska, Colorado, and Texas.

67. STIRELLUS Osborn & Hall

Slinlliis Oshoni 4: Ball (1902, p. 250).

Wrtcx conically produced, narrow, longer

at middle than width between eyes, disc

convex, sloping, and merging with front.

Elvtra short and broad, venation simple.

Ovipositor exceeding pygofers.

'i'homas (19.?.?) and subsequent authors

recorded seven species and two varieties of

Slinlliis for the United States, and two

of these occur in Illinois.

Key to .Species

\'crtex, tig. 395./, greenish, with apex broadly

black; elvtra greenish yellow, striped with

black . r 1. bicolor

\crtex, fig. 396^-/, brown, with tour spots

arranged in two pairs, one pair posterior to

the others, the anterior pair larger and some-

times confluent; elytra brownish, not striped

2. obtutus

1. Stirellus hicolor (\'an Duzee)

Athysanus hicolor Van Duzee (1892/', p. 114).

Uellocrpliiilus -virgutalus Uhler (1895, p. 78).

Length .?.0-.?.5 inm. Small, color quite

variable, usually greenish yellow, marked

with black. Vertex, tig. i95A. acutely and

conically pointed, as long at middle as width

between eyes. Vertex with a pair of black

spots before middle, often confluent and

covering anterior half. Pronotum with a

dark band on anterior portion, often extend-

ing across base of elytra. Elytra each with

claval suture, margins of suture, and apical

margin dark fuscous, in male often entirely

fuscous; nervures indistinct. Female sev-

enth sternite, fig. 395B, with posterior mar-
gin broadly and shallowly concave. .Male

plates, fig. 400, short, narrowed to broad
blunt apexes, which are about half as wide
as bases.

T his is a common meadow species

throughout the state and is frequently found
upon clover, alfalfa, and other crops. It is

widely distributed in the eastern and mid-

dle western parts of the United States.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 14 to October 2, are from
Albion, Alton, Alto Pass, Anna, Hrown
field, Carbondale, Cave in Rock, Cobden,

Dixon Springs, Dongola, Dubois, Elizabeth-

town, Fern Cliff. Fountain Hluff, (libsonia,

(irafton, Cirand Tower, Harrisburg, Ha-
vana, Herod, Jonesboro, Karnak, Luther,

Makanda, ^Llrshall, Metropolis, Oakwood,
Odin, Shawneetown, Temple Hill, 'l"hebes.

Urbana, V'ienna, and Wolf Lake.

2. Stirellus ohtiiliis (\'an Duzee)

Athysanus ohiulus Van Duzee (1892/', p. 115).

Length .?.0-.?.5 mm. Brownish, with four

spots on disc of vertex. \'ertex, (ig. .?9b//,

as long at middle as basal width between

eyes, with four spots between eyes, the an-

terior pair darker and usually larger than

the posterior pair. Pronotum with a rou

of brownish spots on anterior margin often

confluent. Elytra brownish subhyaline, ner-

vures pale. Female seventh sternite, fig.

^9bB, with posterior margin broadly, shal-

lowly excavated. ^L^le plates, fig. .?99, con-

vcxly rounded to broad blunt apexes, which

are about half as wide as basal width.

Although southern in distribution, this

is a common species upon grasses in most

parts of Illinois. It is abundant in meadows

and pastures and upon cultivated crops of

many types.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken April 16 to December 4, are

from Anvil Rock, Carbondale, Carmi. Cavi

in Rock, Centralia, Clay City, Cobden,

Dixon Springs, Dolson, Dongola, Dubois,

East Cape Girardeau, Elizabeth, Fern

Cliff, Gibsonia, Golconda, Hardin. Heaths-

viUe, Herod. Karbers Ridge, Marshall,

Mounds, Murphysboro, Norris City, St.

Anne, Shawneetown, Urbana, Vienna, Wat-

son, and Wolf Lake.



270 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2

Fig. 392.—Commellus comma.

68. COMMELLUS Osborn & Ball

Commellus Osborn & Ball (1902, p. 245).

Fig. 392. Form broad and stout. Vertex

flattened above, produced in front of eyes,

acutely angled with front. Elytra of two
forms shorter or decidedly longer than

abdomen. Second cross nervure often

present.

Four species have been placed in this

genus, and all are prairie forms. Two of

them have been found in Illinois.

Key to Species

Elytra marked with four distinct, separate

stripes; two stripes on pronotum, fig. 394//,

fused to form stripe on clavus .1. comma
Elytra marked with eight distinct and separate

stripes; two stripes on pronotum, fig. 393.'/,

forming two separate narrower stripes on
clavus 2. colon

A, head and pronotum; B, female genitalia.

Fig. 393.—Commf//Hj colon. Fig. 395.—Stlrcllus bicolor.

Fig. i96.—Slirellus obtutus.

i
Fig. 394.—Commellus comma.

Fig. 397.—Amblyscllus curti.



Ju,u. 194S DeLoxg: Leafhoi'I'ers of Illinois 271

1. Commellus comma (\'an Duzee)

Athysanus comma Van Duzee (1892i, p. 114).

Fig. .392. Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Broad,

stout, creamy white, mariced with hruwn.

\'ertc.\, fig. .594.:/, obtusely angulate, two-
thirds as long as basal width between eyes;
four blaclc spots on anterior margin extend-
ing onto face; a pair of blacic spots at base
of verte.\. Pronotum and scuteihim with

402 B ^~—'^>._>1-^ 402 A

Male genitalia. .7, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect.

Vii.2>'iH.—.1 mhlysitliis curtisii. Pi^.AOO.—Slirelliu hicolor.

Fig. 399.

—

Stinlhis nhlutus. Fi^. 401.

—

Cummilhu lommii.

Fig. 402.

—

Cummellus culoii.



272 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin l'ol.24,Jrl.2

four parallel longitudinal stripes. Elytra

creamy white, the two bands from prono-

tum coalescing and extending across each

clavus; a broad brown band on claval suture

and a narrower band on inner branch of

first sector. Female seventh sternite, fig.

394B, with prominent posterior angles, be-

tween which the posterior margin is deeply,

concavely excavated with a shallow black-

margined incision at apex. Male plates, fig.

401, narrowed at apex to about half their

basal width ; apexes broad and blunt.

This is a middle western and northeast-

ern species, and in Illinois occurs in the

same association as Dorycephalus platyrhyn-

chtis. It is reported by Osborn & Ball

(1897) as occurring on Elymus canadensis,

hut has not been definitely associated with

this species of plant in Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Decatur: June 29,

19.^5, Frison & Mohr, 19 <J , 14$. Galena:

luly 10, 19,U, DeLong & Ross, 2?. Lilly:

June 11, 1914, 1?. St. Joseph: June 27,

1915, 19. Western Springs: Aug. 16,

19.^6, 19. Zion: July 25, 19.H, H. H.

Ross, 1 9 .

2. Commelliis colon (Osborn & Ball)

Athysanus colon Osborn & Ball (1897, p. 223).

Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Pale, resembling

comma but with more dark stripes on the

elytra. Vertex, fig. 393^, two-thirds as

long as width between eyes. Vertex, prono-

tum, and scutellum with spots and stripes

as in comma. Each elytron with eight brown-

ish stripes as follows: three on clavus, two

of which are continuous with stripes on

pronotum and scutellum, one on commis-

sural line, and four on disc of elytron.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 3935, with

posterior margin deeply and angularly exca-

vated, black margined at apex. Male plates,

fig. 402, short, broad, narrowed to about

half their basal width at apexes, which are

broadly rounded.

This is a distinctly marked species, and

the eight stripes on the elytra and the char-

acters of the internal male genitalia serve

to separate it from comma. A prairie species

that occurs on Siipa spartea, colon is known
to occur only in the states of Iowa, Minne-

sota, and Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Elgin: prairie hill,

Aug. 10, 1945, Ross & Sanderson, 12 <} , 7 9 ;

Aug. 1, 1944, Ross & Sommerman, 29.

69. DORATURA Sahlberg

Doratura Sahlberg (1871, p. 291).

Fig. 240. The vertex is rounded, shorter

at middle than width between eyes. The

anterior margin of vertex is rather sharply

angled, slightly overhanging the front;

slightly depressed just behind the middle of

disc of vertex. The ovipositor is long and

slender.

One species of this genus is known to

have been imported from Europe and is

well established in Wisconsin.

L Doratura stylata (Boheman)

.itliysanus siylaius Boheman (1847, p. 31).

Length 3.5-4.0 mm. Gray to brownish,

with three conspicuous black spots on an-

terior margin of vertex. Vertex broadly

rounded, produced at middle, more than

half as long at middle as basal width be-

tween the eyes, longer than pronotum. Ely-

tra short, leaving most of abdomen exposed.

Dorsal portion of abdominal segments with

a series of spots or dots that usually form

longitudinal rows. Face pale, marked with

two rather broad conspicuous transverse

black bands. Female seventh sternite broad,

with posterior margin truncate, not pro-

duced. Ovipositor long, slender, decidedly

longer than pygofers. Male plates short, ^H
rather broad, rounded. ^|
This species has not been collected in

Illinois.

70. DRIOTURA Osborn & Ball

Drlotura Osborn k Ball (1898, p. 87).

F"ig. 403. Head short, transverse, almost

parallel margined, obtusely conical. Eyes

large, face short and broad. Pronotum

short, transversely striate posteriorly. Ely-

tra coarsely rugose, short, extending either

to second abdominal segment only or almost

to end of abdomen.

The members of this genus are grass-

feeding species and are found in pastures

or prairie habitats. Three species and three

varieties are known for the United States.

Three of these have been taken in Illinois,

and one other may occur here.

Kev to Species

1. Black, reddish brown, or in part tawny

I

yellow

.

2



Jun,', 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 273

Gray, vertex and pronotum marked with
white 1. robusta

2. N'ertex and pronotum reddish brown
3. gammaroides var. fulva

N'ertex and pronotum black . 3
3. Shiny black, without definite (lale mark-

ings 2. gatnmaroides
Black, with elytra and last two or three
segments o( abdomen tawny yellow. . . .

4. gammaroides var. flava

1. Driuliirti rohiista Osborn & Ball

Uriutiira rohusta Usborn & Ball (1898, p. 87).

Length 2.75-.?.? mm. Small, robust, gray,

with light bands on pronotum. Vertex short,

transverse, almost parallel margined, twite

as wide as long; a median longitudinal line,

two spots on disc, a band between vertex

and tront, and a stripe on base with white

lines extending forward from it along the

eyes. Face with a black band near clypeus.

pale above, with dark arcs. Pronotum with

anterior third black, white posteriorly,

often bordered with black on lateral mar-
gins. Elytra black, with nervures and

ramose lines connecting them light. Light

colored specimens almost white.

Female seventh sternite slightly cmargi-

nate posteriorly. Male plates with inner

margins rounded, outer edges emarginate,

apexes obtuse, widely separated.

This species occurs on small grasses and

is frequently found in certain meadow or

prairie habitats. It is recorded from the

Middle West, but is not yet known from
Illinois.

2. Diin/iini gannmiruides (\'an Duzee)

Alliysanus ijammaroiJes Van Duzee {1894/',

p. 2U9).

Fig. 403. Length .3-4 mm. Short, black,

rcjbust, with long or short elytra. Vertex

bluntly conical, twice as wide as long; usu-

ally glossy black, often with scattered red-

dish-brown markings. Legs and spines often

reddish brown. Female seventh sternite

broadly and convexly rounded. \Lile plates

with outer margins convexly rounded to

bluntly pointed apexes.

Ibis is a common grass-feeding species

ill meadows and pastures east of the Rocky
Mountains.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken April 10 to September 27. arc

tiom Adair, Alsip, Alton, Barry, Beach,

Carlinville, Cave in Rock, Danville, Dar-

win. Dolson, Dongola, Dubois, Effingham,
Eichorn, Elizabethtown, Evergreen Park,
CJrafton. (jolconda. Havana, Karnak. Kin-

Fi(i. 403.—Driutiini ijammaruules.

mundy, .Marshall, .Metropolis, Mo/.ier,

Muncie, .Niota, Oak Lawn, Oquawka,
Parker, Pulaski, Shawneetow n. Summit,
Thebes, Thomson, Ursa, Vienna, and Zion.

,3. Driotiini gammaroides var. jiihui Ball

Urioliira ijammari)ijfs var. jiilvu Ball ( 1903,

p. 231).

The coloration of this variety is reddish

brown on vertex, pronotum, the last two
segments of abdomen, pygofers, an<l ventral

surface. The elytra and the remainder of

the abdominal segments are almost uniform

dark brown.

This variety is found in fewer numbers

but in the same habitat as typical yaininar-

(liiles.

Illinois Records.—Doncola: Aug. 22,

1916, 1 9 . Dubois: Aug. 9, 1917, U , 1 9 .

Metropolis: Aug. 20, 1916, 2 <? , 19.
Mo/.ier: July 28, 1936, Mohr & Burks, 3 i ,

19. Mi;.vcie: cattail bog, Aug. 20, 1936,



274 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ot. 24, An. 2

B. D. Burks, \i. Niota: dry bog, July

28, 1936, Mohr & Burks, 12. Ursa: July

29, 1936, Mohr & Burks, 1 9 .

4. Driotura gammaroides var. ftava

Osborn & Ball

Driotura gammaroides var, flava Osborn &
Ball (1898, p. 90).

Vertex, pronotum, and basal portion of

abdomen black. The elytra and last two or

three segments of abdomen yellow.

This variety occurs in the same habitats

and in association with typical (/ammaroiihs

and var. fitlva.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 21 to August 23, are from Barry,

Dubois, Evergreen Park, Kinmundy,
Metropolis, Oak Lawn, Oquawka, Parker,

Thomson, Vienna, and Zion.

71. ATHYSANELLA Baker

Athysani-lia Baker (1898f, p. 185).

Nrpholettix Matsumura (1902, p. 378).

Fig. 237. Head wider than pronotum,

vertex somewhat produced, obtusely angu-

late, rounded to front, somewhat depressed

on disc. Each hind tibia in male with or

without strong spine at apex; spine, if pres-

ent, about half as long as first tarsal seg-

ment.

Ball & Beamer (1940) recorded 45

species of Athysanella, including the sub-

genus A tiiphipyga, from the United States.

Most species of this group are distributed

from Kansas west to California, but two

species of Auipliipyga are known to occur in

Illinois, and at least one Athysanella may
occur here.

Seventh sternite broadly rounded or sub-

truncate on posterior margin, distinctly

emarginate on inside of lateral angles,

and with a very narrow posterior mar-
ginal dark band 3. balli

1. Athysanella robusta Baker

Athysanella robusta Baker (1898f, p. 187).

Length 3.0-3.75 mm. Pale gray, with

two shiny black spots near the eyes, also

brown spots at apex of vertex and on the

disc. Pronotum with three pairs of black

dots near the front margin. Elytra with

veins whitish, cells somewhat infuscatcd.

Abdomen striped. Female seventh sternite

deeply excavated, median lobe about half

as long as lateral lobes. Male pygofers

rounded, subangulate on posterior borders.

Plates short, half as long as pygofers, di-

vergent, rounded posteriorly. Styles elon-

gate, each with two long widely separated

spurs curved at tips.

Although this species has not been col-

lected in Illinois, it occurs in Iowa and

Nebraska and will probably be found in the

western or northwestern part of the state.

Subgenus Atnphipyga Osborn

Amphipyga Osborn (1928, p. 289).

Vertex short, rounded or slightly angu-

late, usually with two conspicuous black

spots or lines between the ocelli. Males

without tibial spurs. Female ovipositor

extremely long, extended beyond pygofers.

Male pygofers inflated or elongate.

Most of the species of this subgenus are

western and only two are known to occur

in Illinois. They live on very short grasses

and are found abundantly in the plains or

short-grass region, or on the short grasses

Key to Species of the barren-appearing sandy plains.

1. Each hind tibia of male with spur at apex - ^ , ,, , a i \ j

1. robusta ^- Athysanella (Amphipyga) acuttcauaa

Each hind tibia of male without apical Baker
spur 2

2. Males 3 Athysanella acuticanda Baker (1898r, p. 187).
Females 4 _ , -, , t-, n • l l

3. Plates, fig. 404^, longer than wide, sinuate Length 3-4 mm. Dull greenish to brown-

on sides; elytra marked with faint lines ish, robust. Vertex blunt, angularly or

2. acuticauda roundedly produced, with a pair of large
Plates, fig. 404fi, wider than long an-

^^^^j ^^^^^ extending to front, and
gled on sides; elytra marked with broad . , .in r r • -ci i

stripes with a spot on middle of front visible from

3. balli above. Elytra usually short, covering only
j

4. -Seventh sternite broadly emarginate or basal two or three segments of abdomen, *

subtruncate on posterior margin, some- • ti u* i ^ .. ..• l uj,.
.-, J ^ A . jji J

="'<; occasionally reaching almost to tip of abdo-
times indented at middle, and with a , '

• , • • , . j
broad median longitudinal dark band men ; elytra often striped with brown, abdo-

2. acuticauda men marked with brownish spots and darker |



June, 194S DeLoxc. : Leafhoi'pkrs of Illinois 275

Fig. 404.

—

Athysanella. male plato. .-/,

aiutiiauda: B, balti.

areas. Female seventh sternite emarginate

posteriorly on either side of a slightly pro-

duced broad median lobe. Male plates, fig.

404/f, short and broad, divergent, notched

on outer margins, apexes bluntly pointed.

A common species in dry upland pastures

and prairie habitats, aculicauda is the most
common and widely distributed of all the

species of the subgenus. It occurs from
Maine to Colorado and Montana.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 10 to August 28, are

from Apple River Canyon State Park, Ever-

green Park, Galena, Grand Detour, St.

Anne, \"olo, \Varren, VVauconda, and Zion.

3. Athysanella (Antphipyga) balli

(Osborn)

Im/'/iipyi/a hatli Osborn (1928, p. 289).

Length 3 mm. Light gray, resembling

acuticauila in form and size. Vertex broad,

slightly angled and as long as pronotum,
with a round black spot on each side of apex

extending to front, and with a small black

dot at apex. Elytra dark brown, veins white

so that elytra appear longitudinally striped.

Female seventh sternite truncate or slightly

sinuate. Male plates, fig. 404B, short trian-

gular, sinuate on inner margins, apexes blunt.

1 his species has been taken in prairie

habitats and in barren sandy areas on sparse

patches of short grass. It occurs also on dry

upland pastures and in meadows. It was
previously recorded from Iowa and Ohio.

Illinois Record.

—

Alton: lune 27,

I9,U, DcLong ^<;: Ross, 10 9.

72. EXIT!ANUS Ball

Exitianiis Ball (1929, p. 5).

I'ig. 216. Characterized by a bluntly

angled vertex, convex between eyes, anterior

margin rounded to front, and front not in-

flated. \'enation of elytra simple, apical

cells much longer than broad; appendix of

each elytron broad. Ovipositor extremely

long, acutely produced, greatly exceeding the
slender pygofers.

Only one of the two species of this genus
is known to occur in Illinois.

I. Exitianus obscurinervis (Stal)

T/nimnot<llix obscurinervis Stal (1858, p. 293).
CicnJula exiliosa Uhler (1880, p. 72).
Alhysanus miniaturatus Gibson (1919, p. 26).

Length .?.,S-5.0 mm. Variable in color
and markings. Vertex obtusely angled,

almost twice as wide at base as median
length; vertex pale grayish white, often

tinged with orange yellow; ocelli red, a pair

of large round black spots on the margin,
often a smaller one between these two, also

two oblique dashes on basal angles, a trans-

verse crescent mark between the anterior

extremities and parallel to the anterior mar-
gin. Pronotum with irregular black spots.

Triangular spots in basal angles of scutel-

lum brown. Elytra hyaline, nervures dark
fuscous.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 287C, with
posterior margin subtruncate, slightly, con-

vexly produced at middle. Male plates, fig.

2^1A, long, narrow, gradually tapering

outer margins slightly concave, tips acute,

often divergent. Aedeagus as in fig. 287/^.

This is a very common and abundant
species throughout the United States on
several types of plants. It occurs especially

on grasses, and attacks many cultivated

crops, particularly small grains and legumes.

Illinois Records.—.Many males and fe-

males, taken May 7 to .November 22, are

from Alton, Anvil Rock, Bloomington,

Bradley, Carman, Cave in Rock, Champaign,
Chicago, CollinsvlUe, Danville, Decatur,

Dongola, Dubois, East Cape Girardeau,

Evergreen Park, Fern Cliff, Gibsonia, Gol-
conda. Grand Detour, Harrisburg, Havana,
Herod, High Knob, Jonesboro, Mahomet,
.Marshall, Mason City, Mederosia, Metrop-

olis, Monmouth, Mowcaqua, Niota, Nor-
ris City, Oak Lawn, Onarga, Oquawka,
Palos Park, Port Byron, Quincy, Spring-

field, Starved Rock State Park, Thomson,
Topeka, L'rbana, Vienna, Villa Ridge, Wat-
son, \Vhite Heath, and Zion.

73. EUSCELIS Brulle

Eusci-lis Brulle (1832, p. 109).

Body broad and robust. Vertex bluntly

and conically produced, disc between eyes



276 Illinois Natural History Survly Bulletin I 01.24, Art. 2

convex, marfzin thick, rounded to front.

Elytra broad, usually shorter than abdomen,

second cross nervure often present, apical

cells short and broad.

Eight species of this j;cnus are Icnouii

for the United States, and two are recorded

for Illinois. At least one other species may
occur here.

Kev to Species

1. Length not exceeding 4 mm. Each male
plate, fig. 407. y, truncate at apex; ex-

cavation of female seventh sternite, fig.

405/i', with a prominent apical tooth. . .

1. relativus
Length 5 mm. or more. Each male plate

not truncate at apex; tooth in excava-
tion of female seventh sternite, if

present, very small 2

2. Vertex, fig. 405fi, broadly rounded, less

than half as long at middle as width
between eyes. P^ach male plate, fig.

Fig. 405.—Eusrelis.

head and pronotum.

.-/, female genitalia; B,

408 A

SAH1.BER6I

Figs. 406-408.

—

Eiiscelis, male genitalia. A,

ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect.

408.:/, with bluntly rounded apex; ex-

cavation of female seventh sternite, fig.

405.-/, angular and with a minute black

tooth 2. sahlbergi
Vertex, fig. 405S, obtusely angled, almost

three-fourths as long at middle as width
between eyes. Each male plate, fig.

406^y, with blunt divergent apex. Fe-

male seventh sternite, fig. 405.^, with

basal margin of excavation broadly and
roundedly produced 3. extrusus

E Euscelis relativus (Gillette & Baker)

Athysaniis relativus Gillette k Baker (1895,

p. 93).

Length 4 mm. Short, stout, pale brownish

to straw colored, marked with fuscous.

Vertex, fig. 405B, obtusely angled, a little

more than half as long as basal width be-

tween the eyes, often with a few irregular

pale markings. Ocelli red. Elytra subhya-



June, 194S DeLonc: Leafhoppkrs of Illinois 277

line, nervures indistinct. Female seventh

sternite, fig. 405J, with lateral angles

rounded to posterior margin, which is rather

deeply and roundedly excavated ; apex with

a black acutely pointed tooth. Male plates,

tigs. 407./, 407/i, about as long as com-

bined basal width, narrowed to about halt

their width at apexes, which are broad and

truncate.

This is a grass-feeding species recorded

from the northeastern states. It has been

taken from timothy, and apparently its habi-

tat conditions are quite similar to those of

extnisiis and sahlberyi.

2. Euscelis sahlber^i (Keutcr)

Athysanus sahthiryi Reuter (18S0, p. 220).

Eiiscilis detfplus Sanders & DeLong (1917, p.

87).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Yellowish, marked

with brown. V'ertex, tig. 405B, broadly

rounded, more than twice as wide between

eyes as median length; with irregular trans-

verse brown markings. Ocelli red. Prono-

tum and scutelluni with irregular brown
spots. Elytra dull yellow, with indistinct

nervures and brownish markings. Female

seventh sternite, fig. 405.:/, with lateral

angles rounded to a broadly and angularly

excavated posterior margin that bears at its

apex a short median black tooth. Male
plates, figs. 408,;/, 408/?, broad, convexly

rounded to blunt apexes.

This species occurs in the New England

states and west to South Dakota, and is

found in fresh-water marshes.

Illinois Records.

—

Des Pl.aines: Sept.

4, 1935, Frison & DeLong, 1 $ . Fox Lake:
June 26, 1936, Frison & DeLong, 2$ , 19;
June 30, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 $ ; Aug.

12, 1937, Ross, 3 (J . Grays Lake: June

10, 1936, Ross & Burks, \i, 19. Oak
Lawn: summer, 1934, at light, I 9. Volo:
in bog, June II, 1936. Ross & Burks, I <5 .

ZiON : July 16, 1935, DeLong & Ross, I 9 .

3. Euscelis exiriisus (\'an Duzee)

Athysanus exlrusus Van Duzee (1893, p. 283).

Length 5-6 mm. Broad, stout, yellowish,

with dark markings. V'ertex, fig. 405fi,

obtusely angled, almost three-fourths as

I

long as width between eyes, with a pair of

oblique fuscous spots at apex and a trans-

1

verse spindle-shaped spot between eyes.

Pronotum and scutelluni u ith irregular

markings. Elytra pale yellow, nervures

paler, areoles margined with fuscous ; in

pale specimens, markings often faint or

wanting. Female seventh sternite, fig. 405//,

with lateral lobes pointed, posterior margin
rather broadly and deeply excavated, the

margin of excavation slightly produced ;it

middle. Male plates, figs. 40()./, M)bli. with

outer margins sloping, inner margins di-

vergent, forming blunt almost roumled

apexes.

This species, previously recorded from the

northeastern states, occurs in moist habitats

on grasses. It has been taken in low wet
pastures and meadows and is frequently

found in fresh-water marshes.

Illinois Records.

—

Elizabeth: July 7,

1917, 19. Grand Detour: July 2, 1934,

DeLong & Ross, 19. Oakwood: May 30,

1932, T. H. Frison, I 9. Oregon: June 21,

1917, I 9 ; June 30, 1935, DeLong & Ross,

33, 19. Urbana: June 18, 1889, 19;
May 1, 1890, C. A. Hart, I 9 ; June 2, 1890.

C. A. Hart, 19 ; July 27, 1891, Marten,

I i ; July 29, I89I, Terrill, M.

74. OPHIOLA Edwards

Ophlola Edwards (1922, p. 206).

Vertex produced before anterior margins

of eyes, acutely conical, disc not strongly

convex between eyes, sloping regularly from

pronotum to apex. Form small, narrow,

and elongate.

The 20 or more species of this genus

are usually found in bogs or heaths, occur-

ring on I'accinium, Arttostuphyl'is, and

Symphoricarpos ; probably a few species

occur in marsh habitats. Five species are

recorded for Illinois, and at least four others

may occur in this state.

Kf.v to Si'ECIF.S

1. Elytra short, reaching tip of or only slight-

ly exceeding abdomen; apical cells

relatively short 2

Elytra longer, definitely longer than ab-

domen; apical cells long and narrow. . .5

2. Length 4.0 mm. or more 3

Length not exceeding 3.5 mm. 4

.1. Color shiny black, vertex, fig. 409//,

broadly rounded, scarcely longer at

middle than next to eyes

1. anthracina
Dark in color, not shiny black, vertex,

fig. 409£>, with yellowish lines or spots,

distinctly longer at middle than next

to eyes 2. uhleri

4. Vertex, fig. 409F, sulfur yellow, without

definite markings 3. humida



278 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I'ol. 24, Art. 2

CUNEATA HUMIDA OSBORNI ANGUSTATA

Fig. 409.

—

Ophiola. A-I, heads and pronota.

CORNICULA

Vertex, fig. 409C, tawny, with three

transverse fuscous bands
4. arctostaphyli

5. Vertex, fig. 409£, scarcely longer at middle
than next to eyes, marked with one
black transverse band; length not ex-

ceeding 3.5 mm 5. cuneata
Vertex definitely longer at middle than

next to eyes, with three transverse bands
or indefinite markings; length exceeding
4.0 mm 6

6. Slender, elongate; elytra long, greatly ex-

ceeding abdomen in length; abdomen
reaching about to apex of clavus 7

Broader, more robust, not slender; elytra

not greatly exceeding abdomen, latter

extending to about cross nervures of

apical cells 8

7. Vertex, fig. 409/, distinctly and obtusely
angled, twice as long at middle as next
to eyes and with three distinct dark
transverse bands; length 4.5 mm

6. cornicula
Vertex, fig. 409//, broadly rounded, one-

half longer at middle than next to eyes;
markings indefinite, bands not distinct;

length not exceeding 4.0 mm
7. angustata

8. Color olive; fore and middle femora twice
banded with white 8. striatula

With a definite orange coloration; fore

and middle femora shiny black, ab-
ruptly orange at apexes, tibia orange. . .

9. osborni

1. Ophiola anthracina (Van Duzee)

Atliysanus atit/iracinus Van Duzee (1894a, p.

136).

Length 4 mm. Small, robust, shiny black.

Vertex, fig. 409A , obtusely conical, two-
thirds as long as width between eyes, with

two spots on posterior margin farther from

each other than from the eyes. Female

seventh sternite, fig. 410C, with posterior

margin slightly and roundedly produced.

Male plates, figs. 410A, 4105, triangular,

longer than combined basal width, cnnvexly

rounded to sharp-pointed apexes.

This is a meadow species and is also

found on herbaceous plants in wooded or

shaded areas in the northeastern states and

west to Colorado.

Illinois Records.—Eichorn : June 24,

1932, Ross, Dozier, & Park, 1 9. Havana:
sand prairie, Nov. 17, 1913, 4 nymphs.

Nor.mal: June 22, 1883, IS ,29. North-
ern Illinois: 2S, 3 9. Rising: July 16,

1888, C. A. Hart, 19. St. Joseph: June

27, 1915, 1<?. Thebes: July 11, 1935, De-

Long & Ross, 1 9 . Urbana: June 13, 1889,

C. A. Hart, U ; June 30, 1889, \6.

V^ienna: June 14, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

1 cf , 8 9; July 29, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

19.

2. Ophiola uhleri (Ball)

Athysanus uhleri Ball (1911, p. 200).

Athysanus pliitonius Provancher (1889, p.

282). Misidentification of pliitonius Uhler.

Length 4 mm. Broad, robust, black to

brownish. Vertex, fig. 409D, distinctly

angled, twice as wide between eyes as

median length; a line on posterior margin

of vertex, an oblique spot against either eye,

and a pair of median apical spots yellowish.

Elytra short and broad, truncate poster!-



June, 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 279

Figs. 410-tl8.—0/>/((Vy/rt. ./, ventral aspect of male genitalia; II. lateral aspect of male geni-

talia; C, female genitalia.



280 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J' ol. 24, Art. 2

orly, usually dark, nervurcs occasionally

paler. Female seventh sternite, fig. 41 IC,

with posterior margin roundcdly produced,

Literal angles hluntly rounded. Male plates,

(igs. AW A. 41 IB, triangular, longer than

combined hasal width, convexly rounded to

rather broad pointed apexes.

Ranging through the northeastern states

and west to Colorado, this species occurs

in wet meadow associations.

Illinois Records.

—

Antioch : July 5-7,

\9i2. T. H. Frison, 1 6 Kankakee: July

20, 19,U, DeLong & Ross, 1 9. Volo: July

27, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 9.

3. Ophiola humida (Osborn)

Athysanus htimidus Osborn (1915, p. 131).

Length .1.5 mm. Resembling antostaphyli

but with a yellowish unmarked head. Ver-

tex, fig. 409/*', obtusely angled, a little more

than twice as long at middle as next to eyes.

Pronotum and scutellum yellow, with faint

fuscous markings. Elytra pale brown, sub-

hyaline, nervures pale, bordered with fus-

cous. Female seventh sternite, fig. 4146',

with rounded lateral angles, between which

the posterior margin is almost truncate.

Male plates, figs. 414^^, 414S, triangular,

longer than combined basal width, gradu-

ally narrowed to pointed apexes.

This species has been taken only in bog

habitats in Maine and Wisconsin. It should

occur in bogs in the northeastern part of Illi-

nois.

4. Ophiola arctostaphyli (Ball)

Athysanus arctostaphyli Ball (1899rt, p. 172).

Length ,1.5 mm. Tawny yellow, with

transverse fuscous markings on the head.

X'crtcx, fig. 409C, bluntly angled, a little

more than one-half as long at middle as

width between eyes; anterior transverse

mark produced forward in a loop toward
apex, second almost straight, and the basal

one is confluent with the second by a com-

mon area on median line. Scutellum with

fuscous spots in basal angles and a pair of

bilobcd spots on disc. Elytra testaceous

subhyaline, nervures pale, heavily bordered

with fuscous.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 412C, with

lateral angles produced, between which the

posterior margin is slightly produced on

either side of the produced median third.

Male plates, figs. 412//, 412B, triangular.

gradually narrowed to rather sharp-pointed

apexes.

This is primarily a heath species reported

from the northeastern states. Also it has

been collected from the bearberry, Arctostn-

phylos, in Colorado. This plant is found

growing along the shores of Lake Michigan

in Illinois, and arctostaphyli may at some

time be found there.

5. Ophiola cuneata (Sanders & DeLong)

Euscelis cuneata Sanders & DeLong (1920, p.

17).

Length 3.0-,?. 5 mm. Small, wedge-

shaped, greenish yellow. Vertex, fig. 409£,

almost parallel margined, slightly and round-

edly produced, with black transverse band

between eyes just back of ocelli. Elytra

distinctly longer than abdomen, smoky sub-

hyaline, nervures yellowish. Female seventh

sternite, fig. 4136\ with prominent lateral

angles, posterior margin strongly produced

on either side of a dark median obtuse tooth.

Male plates, figs. 413//, 413B, long, tapering

gradually to acute tips.

This species is common in the eastern

states in moist habitats at lagoon margins

in the Juncus-Cypcrus association. In gen-

eral appearance, it resembles some species

of Liiii'iti'ltix. especially strioliis, with which

it is often collected.

6. Ophiola cornicula (Marshall)

Jassus corniculus Marshall (1866, p. 198).

Jassns oriclialccus Thomson (1869, pp. 56, 72).

Jassus plutonius Uhler (1877, p. 470).

Athysanus instabilis Van Duzee (1893, p. 284).

Athysanus clongatus Osborn (1915, p. 129).

Length 4.5 mm. Narrow, yellowish, with

long elytra. Vertex, fig. 409/, distinctly

angled, more than one-half as long at mid-

dle as width between the eyes, with three

dark transverse lines as in arctostyphyli,

lines heavier than in that species, the basal

one extending forward near each eye and

touching the median band. Elytra greatly

exceeding abdom.en, testaceous, subhyaline,

nervures pale, heavily margined with fus-

cous.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 4176', with

posterior margin slightly and roundedly pro-

duced. Male plates, figs. 417^, 417B, tri-

angular, gradually narrowed to pointed

apexes.

This species has been taken in the Juncus-

Cyperus fresh-water marsh habitat, espc-



June, 194S DeLong: Leafhoppf.rs of Ii.iixois 281

ciallv in the northeastern states, but no other

detailed habitat records are available.

Illinois Record.

—

Chemung: Aug. 13,

1937, 19.

7. Ophiola angustatti (Osborn)

Alliysanus angustatus Osborn (1915, p. 130).

Length 4 mm. (jreenish yellow to brown-

ish, resembling corriicula. \'erte\, fig. 409f/,

broadly rounded, more than twice as wide

between eyes as length at middle, with

irregular markings. Elytra with nervures

pale, bordered with fuscous.

I'emale seventh sternite, tig. 415C, al-

most truncate on posterior margin, lateral

angles very blunt, not produced. Male
plates, figs. -ilSA, 4156, triangular, slightly

concave on apical halves, apexes acutely

pointed.

This species is northern in distribution.

8. Ophiola striatula (Fallen)

Cicada sirialula Fallen (1826, p. 45).
.Illiysaniis vaainii Van Duzee (lS90rt, p. 135).

Length 4.0-4.5 mm. Olivaceous yellow.

\'ertex, fig. 409B, obtusely angled, twice as

wide between eyes as median length, witii

three transverse black bands. Elytra longer

than abdomen, testaceous, subhyaline, ner-

vures white, tinted with olive, heavily mar-

gined with fuscous. Female seventh ster-

nite, fig. -ilbC^. with lateral angles produced,

bluntly acute, between which the posterior

margin is broadly and concavely rounded

and slightly produced at middle. Male
plates, figs. 416J, 416B, triangular, as long

as combined basal width, apexes bluntly

pointed.

Ihis species occurs in Europe and North

.America; in the L'nited States it ranges

from Maine to Colorado. It has been taken

from Vaccinium in bogs. It is quite vari-

able in coloration, size, and markings.

Illinois Records.

—

Long L.ake: Aug.

II, 1906. Ai. 119. Norm.al: June 27,

1883, U, 19. VoLo: Julv 8, 1932, Ross,

Dozier, & .Mohr. M. \ 9 \ July 27. 1934.

UeLong & Ross, 17 c5 , 8 9 ; in bog, Aug. 24,

1935, \i. 10 9.

9. Ophiola oshortii Hall

Ophiola oshorni Ball (I92S, p. 19U).

Length 4.0—1.5 mm. In general appear-

ance similar to syrnfilioririirfini- Ball hut

slightly smaller and darker in color. Pale

brownish. \'erte\, fig. 409(j', twice as wide
as median length, tinted with red and with
three transverse dark bands. Elytra tes-

taceous subhyaline, nervures pale, heavily

bordered with fuscous. Front dark, with
faint orange arcs. Femora usually dark to

near apexes, then orange, as are the tibiae.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 4186', with

lateral angles bluntly rounded, between
which the posterior margin is broadly and
concavely rounded, with the median third

slightlv produced. -Male genitalia as in figs.

418.:/, 418/)'.

Distributed from Maine and Maryland
west to Colorado and Montana, this is an

upland species occurring in dry habitats.

Illinois Records.

—

Fairfield: June 12,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 19. St. Anne:
Aug. 21. 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 9.

75. OPSIUS Fieber

Ufsiiis Fieber (186Ci, p. 505).

\'crte\ short, broadly rounded, and some-

what produced, almost parallel margined,

rounded to front, without a definite margin.

Elytra long, without extra costal veinlets.

Only one species of the genus is known
to occur in the Linited States, and it is

abundant throughout Illinois.

I. Opsins staclogalus Fieber

Opsins slaituijalus Fieber (1866, p. 5115).

tuilctlix oshorni Ball (1907, p. 39).

Length 4.0-4.5 mm. Pale green, flecked

with white on elytra. Vertex rounded.

Pronotuni darker green than elytra, irregu-

larly mottled on disc, paler antcriorh'. Ely-

tra dark green to apex of each clavus, apical

portions smoky, subhyaline; an irregular

white band between the green and smoky

portions, a round white spot in the apex

of the central anteapical cell, and several

irregular white flecks on the green portion.

Female seventh sternite with posterior mar-

gin rounded and slightly produced at mid-

dle. Male plates triangular, gradually nar-

rowed to acutely pointed apexes. Acdeagus

as in fig. 288/>'.

This transcontinental species is wi<le-

spread and abundant. It is commonly found

on the ornamental tamarix, which is ap-

parently its only known food plant.

Illinois Records.— Harrisburg: at light,

June 15, 1934, DeLong & Ross, \i, 3 9.



IS Naturai, History Survey Bur.i.ETiN ful.24,Art.2

Havana: July 2, 1934, DcLong & Ross,

1?. Kankakee: at light, July 22, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 2$ , 5 9. Onarga : Aug.

29, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1(5. Urbana:

June 19, 1934, H. H. Ross, 5^, 112.

76. LIMOTETTIX Sahlberg

I.imnti-llix Sahlberg (1871, p. 224).

Drylix Edwards (1922, p. 207).

This genus is characterized by a short

vertex, not extremely broad, which is slightly

produced, almost parallel margined, rounded

to front. Ocelli distinctly below the level

of vertex. Venation of elytra simple, apical

cells elongate.

The species belonging to this genus are

all found on the grasses and sedges in the

fresh-water marsh and are very similar in

appearance. Nine species are recorded for

the United States. At least three of these

are known to occur in Illinois, and several

others may occur here.

Key to Species

1. Vertex slightly produced; male plates

triangular or elongate, not excavated on
inner margins near apex, as in fig. 419G;
female seventh sternite broadly and
concavely excavated, as in fig. 419S , , . 2

Vertex not produced, almost parallel

margined; each male plate excavated on
inner margin near apex, or short,

truncate, or broadly rounded at apex,

as in fig. 419A/; female seventh sternite

with only median third notched or ex-

cavated, as in fig. 419C 3

2. iVIale plates, fig. 419G, elongate, more than
one-half longer than combined basal

width; female seventh sternite, fig.

4195, rather broadly, angularly ex-

cavated half the distance to base
1. utahnus

iVIale plates, figs. 419F, 419/, shorter,

triangular, not longer than combined
basal width; female seventh sternite,

fig. 419D, broadly, shallowly excavated
not more than one-third the distance to

base 2. striolus
3. IVIale plates, figs. 419Z,, 419M, concave on

inner margins before each apex, apexes
convergent, caliper-like; female seventh
sternite, fig. 419C, shallowly, angularly
notched on median third

3. divaricatus
Male plates short, truncate, or broadly
rounded at apexes; female seventh
sternite concavely rounded on median
third 4

4. Male plates, figs. 419£, 419/, very short,
with apexes broadly truncate; female
seventh sternite slightly concave on
posterior margin on either side of median
excavation 4. truncatus

Male plates, figs. 419//, 419A', longer,

apexes broadly rounded; posterior mar-
gin of female seventh sternite, fig. 419//,

strongly, convexly rounded on either

side of median excavation
5. parallelus

1. Limotettix utahnus (Lawson)

Drylix ulahnus Lawson (1931/', p. 590).

Length 5.0-5.5 mm. Resembling striolus;

vertex but slightly produced at middle, a

little more than twice as wide as long, yel-

low, with the usual black transverse bands.

Pronotum dirty yellow, with signs of brown-

ish mottling on anterior third. Elytra smoky

yellow, nervures paler, cells smoky to brown.

Face yellow, with arcs of the front and su-

tures black. Female seventh sternite, fig.

419fi, with the posterior margin broadly,

concavely rounded about half way to base.

Male plates, fig. 419(7, triangular and very

long, their bluntly pointed apexes greatly

exceeding pygofers.

This is a fresh-water marsh species, re-

ported previously from the Rocky Mountain
region, that has been taken in the western

part of Illinois.

Illinois Record.

—

Morris: June 18,

1938, Williams, U, 1$.

2. Limotettix striolus (Fallen)

C'nada striata Fallen (1806, p. 31).

Length 4—5 mm. Greenish yellow, wedge

shaped. Vertex slightly produced, not quite

twice as wide as median length, with a

transverse black band just back of ocelli.

Elytra pale greenish hyaline, nervures pale.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 419Z), with

lateral margins obliquely sloping, posterior

margin broadly and concavely excavated.

Male plates, figs. 419F, 419/, about as long

as combined basal width, convexly rounded

to bluntly angled apexes.

This is a common fresh-water marsh and

swamp species that ranges from the north-

eastern states to Colorado and occurs in the

Juncus-Cyperus-PhraffTriites association.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 2 to October 5, are from

Algonquin, Antioch, Aurora, Beach, Cave

in Rock, Cedar Lake, Champaign, Dixon,

Elgin, Evergreen Park, Fox Lake, Freeport,

Fulton, Galena, Havana, Herod, McHenry,

Oak Lawn, Orangeville, Palos Park, Put-

nam, Sheffield, Thomson, Urbana, Vienna,

Volo, Waukegan, and Zion.



J line. 19-fS DeLong: Leakhoppers of Illinois 283

3. Limntcttix divaricatus (Sanders &
DeLont;)

Euscilis divaricatus Sanders i: HeLoiig (19?3
p. 151).

Len{;th 3.5 mm. Greenish yellow
, resem-

hlin^ paraUeliis. Vertex almost parallel, not

produced, with black transverse band just

4. Lintotellix tnincatus Sieesman

Drylix Iriiiualus Sieesman (1930, p. 100).

Length 5.0-5.5 mm. Greenish yellow, re-

sembling paralltlus. Wrtex broad, almost
parallel marj;ined, not produced, with the
usual broad black band just back o{ ocelli.

Anterior margin of pronotum narrowly

STRIOLUS PARALLELUS DIVARICATUS DIVARICATUS

FiS.419.

—

Limnti'llix. A-D, female genitalia; E-M, male genitalia, vcniral an.l lateral viev

back of ocelli, and a small spot at ape\.

Elytra smoky. Female seventh sternitc. fi<;.

419f,', with posterior margin almost trun-

cate, slightly and angularly excavated on

median third. Male plates, figs. 419L,
419^1/, about one-half longer than combined
basal width, the outer margins convexly
rounded, inner margins concavely rounded
on apical half to form widely divergent
acutely pointed tips; these appear caliper-

like when viewed ventrally.

1 his is a rather scarce fresh-water marsh
species that apparently occurs in widely
separated areas. It is recorded from Penn-
sylvania and Idaho, and may eventually be

taken in Illinois.

black, a broad transverse black band on

disc of posterior half. Disc of scutellum

black, a black spot in each basal angle. Ely-

tra dark, nervures pale. Female seventh

sternite with median third of posterior mar-

gin shallowly concave between the lateral

margins and the sharp point where the

median excavation meets the posterior mar-

gin. Male genitalia as in figs. 419/;.', 419/,

A fresh-water marsh species taken in

small numbers, trtincatus is known only

from the central states. Apparently it is not

so abundant as strinlus and paralltlus.

Illinois Records.—Odin: .May 28, 1910,

1 nvmph ; .May .?0, 1910, 6 ,} , .^ 9 . Urban A:

lulv 2, 1889, C. A. Hart, 20 5, 15$ ; July



284 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J' ol. 24, Art. 2

15, 1889, Terrill, 2 9 ; Aug. 15, 1890, Miss

Snyder, 8 <i , 4 9.

5. Liinotettix paralh'lus (Van Duzee)

Athysanus pardllclus Van l^uzee (1891, p. 169).

Length 6 mm. Pale yellowish or greenish,

resembling siriolus but larger. Vertex dis-

tinctly parallel margined, not produced,

with a broad black band just back of ocelli.

Elytra subhyaline, nervures with yellowish

tint. Female seventh sternite, fig. 419^,

with posterior margin truncate, a broad

U-shaped notch on median third extending

about half way to base. Male plates, figs.

419//, 419A', three-fourths as long as basal

width, gradually narrowed to rather broad

rounded apexes.

This species is found commonly in asso-

ciation with striolus in the fresh-water

marsh on the Juncus-Cyperus-Phragmites

association. Its range is from the north-

eastern states to Colorado.

Illinois Records.

—

Beach: swamps,

Aug. 21, 1906, }>$, 5 9. McHenry: July

27, 1934, DeLong & Ross, .? <5 , 10 9.

Princeton: July 7, 19.34, DeLong & Ross,

6<i, 79 ; July 2, 1936, B. D. Burks, 2$ ;

June 28, 1937, Ross & Burks, 7 <J , 5 9 ; July

2, 1937, Mohr & Burks, 19. Zion : July

16, 1935, DeLong & Ross, M, 19.

77. THAMNOTETTIX Zetterstedt

Thamnotettix Zetterstedt (1838, col. 292).

Fig. 209. Vertex bluntly angled and also

bluntly angled with front. Elytra with one

crossvein between the first and second sec-

tors. Second anteapical cell elongate, con-

stricted at middle.

Although a large number of North
American species have been described in or

placed in Thamnotettix, most of these have

been placed more recently in other genera

because of the revised definition of the char-

acteristics of this genus. At present, this

genus contains only one species.

1. Thamnotettix simplex (Herrich-

Schaeffer)

Jassus simplex Herrich-SchaeflFer (1833, fasc.

125, p. 7).

Deltoerphalus ehlamydatus Provancher (1890
p. 339).

Length 5.5 mm. Dull olive green or
brownish green, quite variable in shade and

intensity of color. Vertex paler, with an

indistinct band on anterior portion between

ocelli. Pronotum darker on disc and pos-

terior margin. Scutellum with a pair of

black spots on disc, basal angles black. Ely-

tra smoky to brown, tinged with green.

Female seventh sternite slightly concave,

slightly indented on either side of median

third. Male valve triangular, plates a little

longer than combined basal width, apexes

blunt, rounded to inner margins.

A European species commonly distributed

in the northern and northeastern portions

of the United States and Canada, si?nplex

occurs on shrubby and herbaceous growth.

It should occur in northern Illinois.

78. MENOSOMA Ball

Menosoma Ball (1931i, p. 4).

Fig. 219. Vertex broad, obtuse, sloping,

usually a little longer on median line than

next to eye; in lateral view rounded over

to front to form an obtusely conical apex.

Venation of elytra simple, second cross

nervure of each absent, the two outer apical

veinlets reflexed and expanded on the costa.

Only one of the two known species of

this genus occurs in Illinois.

1. Menosoma cincta (Osborn & Ball)

Euteitix cincta Osborn & Ball (1898, p. 97).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Greenish yellow,

marked with brown. Vertex bluntly conical,

almost one-half longer at middle than next

to eyes, tinted with saffron. Pronotum

irrorate. Scutellum pale, a pair of small

spots on disc and a spot on each lateral

margin. Elytra tinted with saffron, nervures

red; a broad brownish band across pos-

terior half of each clavus and obliquely ex-

tending back to costa; cross nervures on

clavus broadly black, costal nervures black,

and an area in the third apical cell some-

times black. Female seventh sternite with

the posterior margin slightly rounded, a

little produced at middle. Male plates long,

broad at bases, concavely narrowed to

slender upturned apexes.

Distributed throughout the eastern states

and west to Colorado, this is a common

species, especially on herbaceous vegetation

in wooded or shaded areas.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 14 to November 17, are

from Aldridge, Alton, Apple River Canyon



June. 194S DeLono: Leafhoppers of Illinois 285

State Park. Cave in Rock, Danville, Dixon
Springs, Dubois, Elizabethtown, Fern Cliff.

Grand Detour, Grand Tower, Heathsville,

Herod, Horseshoe Lake, Kankakee, Kar-
nak, Metropolis, Oakwood, Rosiciare, St.

Anne, Shawneetown, Temple Hill, Urbana,
X'ienna, Warren, Waukegan. and White
Pines Forest State Park.

79. ORIENTUS DeLong

Orienlits DeLong (1938(-, p. 217).

Resembling Fiiraplilepsius by having ra-

mose pigmented lines but with head con-

spicuously narrower than pronotum. Vertex
transversely impressed behind apex. Lateral

margins of pronotum strongly angulate.

Elytron with one crossvein between first and
second sectors.

Only one North American species ot this

genus has been recognized.

\. Orientus ishidae ( ALitsumura)

Plilepsius ishiJai- Matsumura (1902, p. 382).
I'/ilepsiiu tinilnrius Sanders S: DeLong (1919,

p. 235).

Length of female 6 mm., male 5 mm.
\ ertex one-fourth wider than long, almost

evenly rounded and parallel margined, with

apex narrowly but decidedly inflated before

a distinct depression; color ivory white, with
small irregular black spot on either side of

apex, an irregular semicircular black spot

above each ocellus, and a large quadrangu-
lar orange spot on either side of median dark
line, spot margined with irregular black

lines. Pronotum short and broad, truncate

posteriorly, with distinct flaring lateral

angles, broader than head; color tawny,

shading to darker, generally marked with

vermicular brown lines. Scutellum nearly

all orange, marked with brown, also an

ivory spot on posterior margin midway be-

tween apex and lateral angle. Elytra milky,

with pale tawny areas; tip of each clavus,

margin of apex, and spots on costal margin
dark brown. Face dark brown, with many
pale spots.

I'emale seventh sternite smoothly trun-

cate. Male valve, Hg. 242, broadly and
bluntly angled; plates long, triangular, even-

ly tapering to long curved tips, each later-

ally lobed before the apex.

Known in the United States only from
New Jersey, this species has been taken on

Aralia spiriosa.

80. MESA MIA Ball

Mrsiimia Ball (1907, pp. 31, 59, 75).

I'ig. 295. Vertex with the disc depressed,
anterior margin usually elevated and acutely
angled with the front, margin often slightly

produced. Elytra with secon<l cross ncrvure
present, but sometimes obscure, and the
central anteapical cell slightly constricted.
Lsually with several supernumerary vein-
lets along the clavus and costa.

Beamer (1942) recognized 15 species as

belonging to this genus, nearly all of which
are found only in the western United States.

One species has been taken in Illinois, and
tuo others may eventually be found here.

Fhey seem to be associated with the prairie

habitat.

KeV l-O .SpF.CIF.S

1. A dark broad saddle on each elytron be-
tween the cross nervurcs

1. nigridorsum
Each elytron without a dark saddle spot. .

^
2

2. Vertex depressed, with four spots on
anterior margin, these connected by a
line posteriorly; a broad dark band be-
low vertex. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.

2. straminea
Vertex flat, with a narrow line above and

another below margin. Length .3.7 4.5
mm 3. coloradensis

1. Mesamia nigridorsum Ball

Mcjiimia niyridursum Ball (1907, p. 60).

Length 4-5 mm. Milky white, marked
with black. X'ertex \\ith margin ivory white,

disc brown, a black line between ocelli an-

terior to which is a quadrate black spot on

either side of median line. Face black.

Pronotum with disc and anterior margin
brown, these areas separated by a white

transverse band. Elytra milky white, ner-

vures brown, a dark brown or black saddle

across the posterior two-thirds of each

clavus, usually a narrow band at base and

apex of clavus ; costal veinlets black.

Female seventh sternite broadly, angu-

larly excavated with a short median tooth

about as long as its basal width, slightly

bifid at apex. Male plates, fig. 294, a little

longer than their combined basal wi<lth,

narrowed slightly and concavely to acute

apexes.

Distributed through the eastern states

and west to Utah, this conspicuously marked

species occurs abundantly on the prairie on



286 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ol. 24, Art. 2

llcHiinlliiis and produces black spots by its

feed inn punctures.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 9 to October 31, arc

from Aldridge, Champaign, Dcs Plaines,

Dubois, East St. Louis, Evergreen Park,

Havana, Kinmundy, La Rue, Muncie,

Niota, Oak Lawn, Palos Park, Princeton,

St. Anne, Shawneetown, Starved Rock State

Park, Summit, Urbana, Vienna, Waukegan,

W'hlte Pines Forest State Park, Wolf
fyake, and Zion.

2. Mesaviia straiiiinea (Osborn)

I'annnrsus siramirtra Osborn (1898, p. 241).

Length 4.5-5.5 mm. General color green-

ish to straw, with dark veins. Anterior and

posterior margins of vertex ivory white,

with an irregular black line interrupted at

the middle, this sometimes reduced to four

black spots behind the anterior margin. Pro-

notum with anterior half pale and posterior

portion brownish. Elytra subhyaline, tinted

with pale brown, three pairs of milky white

spots along suture; nervures brown, costal

veinlets fuscous. Face pale, a narrow black

band just beneath vertex. Female seventh

sternite with a sunken tooth as in niyridor-

sum. Male plates acutely pointed as in that

species.

This insect occurs on a species of Helian-

tlius and is found on the prairies in the

Middle West and California.

3. Mesamia coloradensis (Gillette &
Baker)

Allygus coloradensis Gillette & Baker (1895,

p. 91).

Paramesus immaculatus Ball (1905, p. 211).

Length 3.7-4.5 mm. Resembling pale

specimens of straminea, but smaller and with

a flatter vertex. Vertex not produced but

acutely angled with the front; usually

marked by a fine black line on margin, inter-

rupted at middle, and often with two black

spots at base. Pronotum pale, with variable

markings, disc irregularly irrorate, often

spots near eyes; often without markings.

Elytra short, strongly reticulate veined

;

greenish white to greenish brown, with dark

nervures. Female seventh sternite with pos-

terior margin shallowly and angularly exca-

vated on either side of the median fifth,

which is produced into a broad tooth as

long as its basal width and notched at apex.

Male plates small, a little longer than basal

width, concavely narrowed to acute apexes.

This species occurs in Colorado and Utah;

records for other areas are doubtful. It

might be found in the western portion of

Illinois.

81. ALIGIA Ball

Aliyia Ball (1907, pp. 31, 53, 75).

Fig. 214. Head short, vertex rounded

to front, a faint transverse curved depres-

sion between ocelli. Elytra long, usually

subhyaline, nervures distinct, two cross-

veins between first and second sectors and

usually a number of veinlets in costal cell

and next to claval suture.

Most of the 33 described species and sub-

species of the genus, as recognized by Hep-

ner ( 1939) , occur only in the West or South-

west. One species, moilesta, occurs in the

Ohio River valley and has been taken in

Illinois.

1. Aligia modesta (Osborn & Ball)

Eutettix modesta Osborn & Ball (1898, p. 98).

Length 4.5-5.5 mm. Fulvous, with a pair

of tawny spots near apex of vertex and a

pair of oblique marks inside the basal angles.

Pronotum faintly irrorate with tawny. Ely-

tra white, subhyaline, tinted with reddish

fulvous, interrupted by two pale bands, an

indefinite basal band and a narrow definite

one across the second cross nervure. Female

seventh sternite almost truncate, with a

broad slightly rounded median projection.

Male plates long, spoon shaped.

Distributed through the eastern half of

the United States, this species is usually

found on oak and is easily obtained in cut-

over areas where oak shrubs grow abun-

dantly.

Illinois Records.

—

Cave in Rock: Oct.

2, 1934, Frison & Ross, 1 $ . DixoN

Springs: July 9, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 15.

Dolson: July 24, 1936, DeLong & Mohr,

\i. Elizabethtown: July 8, 1935, De-

Long & Ross, 1 <J. La Rue: July 11, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, \$, 3 9; Oct. 4, 1934,

Frison & Ross, 1 c? .

82. NORVELLINA Ball

Nnrvellina Ball (1931/;, p. 2).

Fig. 229. Vertex broader than long,

almost parallel margined, broadly rounded



Jiui, . 194S DeLong: Lkafhoppers of Illinois 287

to or sli'i^htly anmilate with front. N'enation

simple, with one crossvein between the sec-

tors, without true costal veinlets except the

two at the ends of the first apical cell. Elytra

covered by a saddle pattern of piijmented

reticulate lines and veins.

Lindsay (1940) recorded for this genus

29 species and subspecies, chiefly western

in distribution, as occurring in the United
States. Four species are known from
Illinois.

Key to Si'ecjrs

1. Greenish yellow, often tinted with brown,
but elytra without definite oblii|ue

pigmented bands 1. tenella
Klytra marked with oblique bands of
ramose pigment, often in the form of
stripes along dorsal portions 2

2. b.lytra milky white, a broad brown band
across posterior half of each elytron

2. seminuda
F.lytra largely brownish 3

3. Kach elytron with a broad irregular whitish
band in front of middle and slightly in-

terrupted near suture by irregular pig-

mented lines 3. chenopodii
Costal region of each elytron in basal half

with a large well-dchned yellowish
triangular area that extends on to the
clavus and lateral margin of pronotum . .

4. pulchella

1. Norvellina tenella (Baker)

Tlutmiwlellix tniellus Baker (I89()/;, p. 24).

b'i',;. 421. Length .?.0-.i.5 mm. X'arying in

color from yellow to dark brown. Color

markings indefinite, but dorsum often heavi-

ly infuscated. Vertex about one-fourth

longer at middle than next to eyes. Easily

distinguished from the other members of

the genus by the unique genitalia. Female

seventh sternitc with posterior margin pro-
duced on median half, then narrowly, semi-
circularly emarginate more than half way
to base. Male plates short, broad, widest
at apexes, where they are roundedly trun-
cate.

This is a widely distributed and an im-
portant economic species. Its occurrence in

Illinois is both unusual and interesting.

Fiii. 42(1.

—

\oivi llinii rlieniipdilii, male geni-

talia.

Fi^. 42L

—

Aorri-lliiiii trnrlla.

Several years ago it was found on its native

food plant, the sea purslane, Sesuviurii por-

tiicastruin, along the Atlantic Coast on sandy

beaches, but as far as is known these beach

plants are not found in Illinois. It has been

taken in abundance from a planting of

horse-radish in Illinois, where it caused a

diseased condition similar to curly top of

sugar beets.

Illinois Records.—Collinsville : on

horse-radish, Oct. 6, 1936, K. J. Kadow,
58,^ . .U9 ; on horse-radish, July 14, I9.?8,

L. H. Shrop.shire, 1 9 .

2. Norvellina seminuda (Say)

Jassiis sfminudus Say (1831, p. 307).

Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Milky to creamy

white, with a broad, brown saddle band on

elytra. V^ertex a little longer at middle than

next to eyes. Scutellum often with irregular

brownish markings. Elytra with the broad



288 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I 01.24, Art. 2

brown saddle stripe across the posterior

half of each clavus and narrowed to half

that width on the costa; fourth apical cell

often testaceous.

I'"enia!e seventh sternite with posterior

margin truncate or slightly produced, with

a wedge-shaped median tooth, which is

slightly notched at middle. Male plates

long, triangular, apexes narrowed, bluntly

pointed.

This is one of our common conspicuously

marked species, which frequently occurs on

cultivated crops, although it apparently does

not pass its life cycle upon them. It is found

in the eastern states and in the Middle

West.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 7 to October 31, are

from Algonquin, Alton, Alto Pass, Anna,

Antioch, Beach, Bradley, Carman, Center-

ville. Champaign, Chicago, Clay City, Clay-

ton, Collinsville, Danville, Decatur, Dixon,

Dolson, Eichorn, Ernst, Evergreen Park,

Fulton, Grafton, Grand Tower, Hamburg,

Hanover, Hardin, Havana, Horseshoe Lake,

Kampsville, Kankakee, Lima, Mahomet,

Mason City, McHenry, Metropolis, Mon-
mouth, Mount Carmel, Oak Lawn,

Oquawka, Palos Park, Pike, Pulaski, Put-

nam, Quincy, Rosiclare, St. Anne, Savanna,

Shawneetown, Urbana, Vienna, Volo, White
Heath, White Pines Forest State Park,

Wilmington, York, and Zion.

3. Norvellina chenopodii (Osborn)

Eutettix chenopodii Osborn (1923, p. 161).

Length 4.5-5.25 mm. Vertex a little

longer at middle than next to eyes. Vertex,

pronotum, and scutellum reddish brown,

irrorate. Elytra milky white, with median

saddle spot, a basal and an apical band on

each elytron consisting of minute reddish-

brown irrorations. Eyes reddish brown.

Female seventh sternite usually slightly

emarginate on either side of a broad short

median tooth, which is notched at apex.

Male plates, fig. 420, broad at bases, con-

cavely rounded to elongate filamentous

apexes.

Distributed through the eastern states,

the Middle West, and west to Utah, this

is a common species on Cheriopodium, on

which it produces bright reddish spots by its

feeding punctures. It frequently causes eco-

nomic damage to spinach, swiss chard, and

beets, which belong to the same plant family

as Clwiiopnilium.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May 18 to November 13, are from

Algonquin, Alton, Anna, Antioch, Barry,

Carbondale, Centralia, Champaign, Clay

City, Cornfield, Decatur, Galena, Havana,

Hillsboro, Kankakee, Keithsburg, Law-
renceville. Mason City, Monmouth, Monti-

cello, Oak Lawn, Oakwood, Onarga,

Oquawka, Palos Park, Pulaski, Putnam,

Springfield, Urbana, Vienna, and Wilming-

ton.

4. Norvellina pulchella (Baker)

Eutettix pidchellus Baker (1896/', p. 24).

Length 4.5 mm. Vertex only slightly

longer at middle than next to eyes ; testa-

ceous brown, with an ivory line in front

of the anterior depression into which extend

four equidistant brown points. Pronotum

with an ivory line on each lateral margin.

Scutellum with three white spots, one on

apex and one on each lateral margin. Ely-

tron largely brownish except for a large

yellowish triangular area, mostly in front

of middle, which covers costal area and part

of clavus; apical regions of elytra also with

whitish areas but these irregular; three pairs

of equidistant white spots on each clavus

along suture. The female seventh sternite

slightly rounded, median fourth slightly

emarginate, with two minute teeth at apex

extending slightly beyond margin. Male

plates long, triangular, apexes acute.

This beautifully marked species occurs

in northern Illinois on Erioyonuin.

Illinois Records.

—

Grand Detour:
Aug. 22, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 9. Oak
Lawn: at light, summer 1934, DeLong &
Ross, 1 $ .

83. REMADOSUS Ball

Remadosus Ball (1929, p. 3).

Fig. 201. The genus is characterized by

a very short and broad vertex, which is

parallel margined, transverse, and broadly

rounded to front. Ocelli situated in a

slight depression distant from the eyes, dis-

tinctly below level of disc. Venation simple.

The three species of the genus are made

up of large individuals that live in fresh-

water marshes on species of Spartina. Only

one species is known to occur in Illinois.



June. 194S DeLoxg: Leafhoppers of Illinois 289

1. Remadosus magnus (Osborn & Ball)

Athysanus mui/nus Osborn ^^' Ball (IS97, p.

2251.

Length 7 mm. Vertex, fig. 201, short,

almost parallel margined, four times as

broad as long. Vertex, pronotum, and scutel-

lum finely irrorate with fuscous, a trans-

verse ivory band on pronotum. Elytra dark,

ncrvures pale fuscous, with pale margins.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 292C, with

posterior margin triangularly notched at

middle and with a rounded lobe on each side

that is a little shorter than the produced

lateral angles. Male genitalia as in figs.

292A, 292B.

This is a common inhabitant of the wet
prairies of the Middle West and apparently

feeds upon species of Spartina. It is re-

ported from Spartina niichaiixiana in Iowa
and Colorado, and in Florida it has been

taken from the salt marsh, where it ap-

parently feeds on Spartina patens.

Illinois Records.

—

Ambov: Aug. 8, 1934,

DeLong & Ross, 3 $ . Antioch : Aug. 27,

1932, Ross & Mohr, 1 9 . Evercreex P.^rk :

Aug. 23, 1934, DeLong cSc Ross, 2 9 ; July

1, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 2 i . O.ak Lawn :

July 27, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 9 ; in

lamp globe, Aug. 22, 1934. DeLong & Ross,

a ; July 1, 1935, DeLong & Ross, M ;

Sept. 6, 1935. T. H. Frison, 19. Ogden :

July 17, 1928, H. H. Ross, 19. Summit:
July 17, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 29.

84. TROPICANUS DeLong

Tropieanus DeLong (1944<j. p. 87).

Fig. 202. V^ery similar to Paraphlepsiiis

but with very short lateral pronotal mar-

gins. Eyes appearing almost to touch bases

of elytra. Vertex rounded to front. This

genus is represented in the United States

by a single species.

1. Tropieanus costomaciiliitiis

(\ an Du/.ee)

AUygus cosiomaculftlus \'an Duzee (1894^, p.

2U7).

P/ilepsiiis puhhripennis Baker ( 1898rt, p. 65).

Length 5 mm. Vertex angularly pro-

duced, a little longer at middle than next

to eyes, slightly less than t\\ ice as wide as

long; disc faintly marked with brown. Pro-

notum strongly produced anteriorly, nearly

truncate on posterior margin; faintly marked
with brownish spots and small red dots, and
with two darker spots behind each eye.

Elytra largely hyaline, veins darker, and
with three irregular longitudinal brownish
areas on each clavus, one on disc of each
elytron, and one on each costal vein. Seventh
sternite of female produced at middle one-

third into a rounded lobe, which is a little

longer than the rounded lateral angles.

This species is known only from Texas.

85. PAR.4PHLEPSIUS Baker

Paraphlepsius Baker (1897, p. 158).

Figs. 422, 423, 427. Vertex as wide as

or wider than pronotum, with margin thin,

acutely angled with front, or rounded to

front without a definite margin. Disc flat

or sloping to front, without a transverse

furrow. Elytra exceeding abdomen in

length.

This is a large genus, of which 64 species

have been recorded for the United States

;

21 are known to occur in Illinois, and sev-

eral others may be found here.

Kf.v ro Spkcies

1. Females 2

Males 27

2. Color patterns of elytra showint; trans-

verse banding, with paler and darker
shades of brown, dark red or tawny . .4

Color patterns ot elytra without trans-

verse bandini; 3

3. I'Vont margin ot vertex well produced,
toll aceous 24

Front margin of head not strongly pro-

duced or foliaceous (i

4. Seventh sternite definitely produced at

middle, as in tigs. 426fi, 426.V 5

Seventh sternite, tig. 426./, shallowly and
concavely excavated, with a short

median U-shaped notch .. 1. optatus
5. .Seventh sternite, tig. •ilhli, notched at

apex of produced portion, forming two
distinct pointed teeth

2. tullahomi
Seventh sternite, fig. 426.V, convexly

rounded on median third, without

teeth i. strobi

6. Vertex, pronotum, and scutcllum yellow

ish or tawny; elytra heavily marked
with brown or black pigment 7

Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum not

definitelv marked in contrast with elytra

10

7. Length 7.5 mm.; seventh sternite, tig.

426/'', with a broad shallow notch at

center 4. rossi

Length not more than 6.0 mm.; median
notch in seventh sternite narrow, as in

tig. 426£> 8



290 Illinois Natural History

Seventh sternite, fig. 426D, tapered

apically, median portion produced with

a median incision, forming two pointed

appressed teeth 5. coUitus 14.

Seventh sternite not tapered apically,

median portion notched, teeth not ap-

pressed, as in fig. 42(iF 9

423 A 423 B

Fig. 422.

—

Paraphlepsius

male genitalia; B, head and pronotum;

male external genitalia.

Fig. 423.—Paraplilcpsius solidaginis. A,

lateral view of head and thorax; B, head

and pronotum.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

Length more than 5.5 mm.; elytra dark
brown; median teeth of seventh sternite,

fig. 426F, separated by V-shaped notch,
margin of sternite broadly concave. . .

5. fulvidorsum
Length not exceeding 5.25 mm.; elytra

darker, appearing almost black; median
teeth of seventh sternite, fig. 426G,
broad, short, and rounded, separated
by shallow, U-shaped notch, margin
slightly notched between these and
lateral angles 7. eburneolus

Vertex rounded in front, or slightly

angulate 11

Vertex distinctly angulate, definitely longer
at middle than next to eyes 20

Vertex short, margins parallel, or vertex
rounded to front, or both 12

Vertex slightly longer at middle than next
to eyes, angled with front 15

Seventh sternite, fig. 426C, broadly,
deeply, angularly excavated on posterior
margin practically the full width of
sternite 8. latifrons

Seventh sternite notched only at center,
not broadly and deeply excavated. ... 13

Seventh sternite, fig. 426/, notched at
center, producing two proximal short
and sharp-pointed teeth, , . .9. tigrinus

15.

16.

17.

19.

20.

21,

22,

Survey Bulletin J'ol.24, Art.2 _m

1
Seventh sternite with a broader notch,

without proximal apical teeth, as in

figs. 426/, A2hU 14

Median three-fourths of seventh sternite,

fig. ilGU, produced decidedly beyond
the lateral angles, with a broad deep
V-shaped notch at center, producing two
rounded lobes 10. maculosus

Median portion of seventh sternite, fig.

426/, not produced beyond lateral

angles, notched on either side of two
median apically rounded teeth or narrow
lobes, which are separated by a broadly
angular and shallow median emargina-
tion 11. turpiculus

Pale gray, marked with definite black

spots on vertex, scutellum, and pro-

notum; clavus and costa of each elytron

usually with a narrow irregular band
across middle 1. optatus

Darker, brown without definite black

spots except where coloration of face is

visible on margin of vertex 16

Length not exceeding 5 mm.; ovate in

form, short and broad 17

Length 6 mm. or more 18

Seventh sternite, fig. 426Z,, deeply and
concavely emarginate, with median in-

cision forming two rounded black-bor-

dered sunken lobes 12. altus
Seventh sternite, fig. 426//, broadly, very

shallowly concave; margin of excava-

tion truncate, with a median V-shaped
notch 13. pusillus

Seventh sternite, fig. 426A^, with lateral

margins roundedly narrowed to median
half, which is deeply, broadly and
angularly notched 14. incisus

Seventh sternite with distinct lateral

angles, posterior margin shallowly con-

cave, as in figs. 4260, 426P , . . , 19

Lateral angles of seventh sternite, fig.

4260, rounded, rather narrowly, round-

edly emarginate between these and a

pair of rounded teeth formed by a

median incision 15. umbrosus
Lateral angles of seventh sternite, fig.

426/", sharply angled, very shallowly

emarginate on either side to a minute
median V-shaped notch; margin without

produced teeth or lobes 16. lasclvius

Seventh sternite, fig. i26IV, with lateral

margins rounded to posterior margin,

which is truncate and very faintly and
concavely emarginate on median third

17. truncatus
Seventh sternite with prominent produced

lateral angles, posterior margin notched
or excavated 21

Seventh sternite, fig. 4267, with median
third squarely excavated half way to

base and bearing a basal tooth as wide

as excavation and extending halfway to

posterior margin 18. irroratus

Seventh sternite broadly excavated trom

lateral angles, with a median notch or

incision 22

Excavation of seventh sternite, fig. 426/?,

composed of shallow emarginations on

either side of a pair of median rounded
teeth 19. tennessa



Jum, 194S DeLonc: Leafhoim'ers of Illinois 291

BIFIOUS BIFIOUS HUMIDUS HUMIOUS LOBATUS

Fi^. 424.

—

I'aniflilipsius. -i-O, male genitalia. 1, ventral aspect; 2, lateral aspect.



I.....No,s Natural HrsroRv Survev Bulletin Vol. 24. Art. 2

TURPICULUS

Fig. ^ZS.—ParaphUpsius. A-L

MACULOSUS

.
male genitalia. 1, ventral aspect; 2, later

INCISUS

al aspect.



Ju,„. 1948 DeLong: Leafhoppers of Ii.mnc 293

Kxcavation deeper, squarely excavated
from narrow pointed lateral angles. . . 23

Rounded median teeth, tiy:. 42bK, sepa-
rated by a narrow V-shaped median
notch one-third the distance to base.

20. brunneus
Rounded median teeth, d^. AlhE, aji-

pressed, divided one-fifth the distance
to base 21. lobatus

Color pattern of elytra without transverse
bandini; 28

28. Kront margin of head well produced,
toliaceous 51

I'Vont margin of head not strongly pro-
duced or toliaceous 31

2'). l-ach pygofer, fig. 425/, notched on either
side of a median spine on caudal margin

2. tullahomi

ROSSI TRUNCATUS STROBI BIFIOUS

Fi^. 426.

—

Pdnifililrpsiits. I-Y, female seventh sicrnlte.

24. Seventh sternite, fig. 426^, with a bifid

tooth at middle, which is produced
decidedly beyond lateral angles

22. humidus
Seventh sternite truncate, notched or exca-

vated, not produced at center 25
25. Seventh sternite broadly excavated or

notched from lateral angles 26
Seventh sternite, fig. 42ft.V/, truncate

posteriorly, incised next to lateral angles,
notched at middle , ,23. ramosus

26. Seventh sternite, fig. 426y', broadly,
angularly notched two-thirds the dis-

tance to base from pointed lateral

angles 24. biiidus
Seventh sternite, fig. 426.V, broadly,

shallowly excavated less than one-fifth

the distance to base; anterior margin
of excavation truncate, slightly notched
at middle 25. solidaginis

27. Color pattern of elytra showing transverse
banding, with paler and darker shades
of brown, dark red, or tawny 29

Kach pygofer rounded, not notched on
caudal margin M)

30. .Aedeagus, fig. 425C', long, very slender,

curved dorsally, then caudally to caudal
margin of each pygofer 1. optatus

.Aedeagus, fig. 425C, shorter, broad at

base, narrowed to a pair of finger-like

tips i. strobi
31. Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum yellow-

ish or tawny; elytra heavily marked
with brown or black pigment 32

\'ertex, pronotum, and scutellum not
definitely marked in color, in contrast

to elytra 35
32. I'ygofers, fig. 425/J, with dorsocaudal

spines directed ventrally 4. rossi

I'ygofers with ventrocaudal spines or

without spines 33
33. .Aedeagus short, with short dorsal and

ventral processes 34
.Aedeagus, fig. 425./, long, slender, con-

vexly curved upward, without dorsal or

ventral processes 7. eburneolus



294 Ii.i.ixois Natural History Survey Bulletin lol.24.Art.2

34. Each viyijofer, fig. 424D, oblique caudally,

terminating in a ventral, upturned,
spinelike apex; aedeagus with very short

ventral and dorsal processes

6. fulvidorsum
F.ach pygofer, fig. 424//, more truncate

caudally, with a long heavy dorsally

directed spine on ventrocaudal margin;

aedeagus with a pair of rather long

spines on ventral side. ... .5. coUitus
35. Vertex rounded in front or slightly angu-

late 36
Head distinctly angulate, vertex longer at

middle than next to eyes 46
36. Vertex short, margins parallel, or vertex

rounded to front, or both 37
Vertex slightly longer at middle than next

to eyes, vertex angled with front. . . .40

37. Plates, fig. 425A', obliquely sloping on
inner margins from bases so that they
appear divergent 10. maculosus

Plates not obliquely sloping from bases on
inner margins 38

38. Vertex broadly rounded to front 39
Vertex bluntly angled with front, margin

usually thick; genitalia as in fig. 425/. .

11. turpiculus
39. Length not over 6 mm.; plates, fig. 424S,

not concave on inner margins, inner

margins straight, apexes bluntly pointed
9. tigrinus

Length 7 mm. or more; plates, fig. 4255,
concavely excavated on inner margins on
apical halves, apexes converging

8. latifrons
40. Aedeagus, fig. 425G, long, very slender,

filamentous, curved dorsally and ex-

tending to caudal margins of pygofers,
without processes 1. optatus

Aedeagus usually short and broad, or, if

elongated, then broader and with dorsal
or lateral processes 41

41. Length not over 5.5 mm 42
Length 6.0 mm. or more 44

42. Aedeagus, fig.- 424//, long, rather narrow,
about the same width throughout, with
a short erect dorsal process about one-
third the distance from base

26. certus
Aedeagus not elongate, shorter and broad-

er, wider at middle than at either end. . .

43
43. Each pygofer, fig. 424£, obliquely sloping

to pointed apex, basal spine shorter;
aedeagus with two dorsal toothlike
processes and a blunt apex

12. altus
Each pygofer, fig. 424/, truncate caudally,

basal spine long; aedeagus with one
dorsal blunt tooth, apex curved ven-
trally, tapered, and pointed

13. pusillus
44. Dorsal margin of each pygofer, fig. 425Z,,

obliquely sloping to bluntly pointed
apex at ventral margin; a long dorsal
spine resting on dorsal margin and ex-
tending caudally beyond apex

14. incisus
Dorsal margin of each pygofer not oblique-

ly sloping to ventral margin, broadly
rounded caudally, without long spine
extending caudally 45

45. Aedeagus, fig. 424L, abruptly and com-
pletely recurved ventrally and widened
at apex; small dorsobasal processes ex-

tending into cavities formed by the re-

curved apex 16. lascivius
Aedeagus, fig. 425F, not recurved but

straight, twice as long as broad, slightly

narrowed before apex. ... 15. umbrosus
46. Pygofers with spines arising from the

ventrocaudal angles, as in fig. 424G. . .

, .;• 47
Pygofer spines wanting or not arising on

ventrocaudal margins 48
47. Aedeagus, fig. 424G, simple in form, dorsal

margin serrate; each pygofer appearing
truncate caudally to basal spine

18. irroratus
.Aedeagus, fig. 424F, broadly bifurcate at

apex; each pygofer obliquely sloping
from dorsal margin to ventrocaudal
spines 19. tennessa

48. Each pygofer, fig, 4247, tapered to bluntly
pointed apex, with a dorsal spine directed
ventrally over apex 20. brunneus

Each pygofer without dorsal apical spine
directed ventrally 49

49. Aedeagus, fig. 424C, composed of a short
basal dorsally enlarged portion, from
which a pair of long slender divergent
tapering processes extend beyond mar-
gins of pygofers 17. truncatus

Ventral and dorsal processes of aedeagus
elongate, as in fig. iUK 50

50. Pygofers, fig. 4240, short, greatly ex-

ceeded by aedeagus processes; dorsal

process of aedeagus considerably longer
than ventral process 21. lobatus

Pygofers, fig. 424/C, longer; aedeagus proc-

esses of approximately equal length
and scarcely exceeding caudal margins
of pygofers 27. electus

51. Each pygofer, fig. 424A'^, shorter than basal

width, with a ventrocaudal spine directed
dorsally; aedeagus strongly, concavely
curved upward 22. humidus

Each pygofer longer than basal width,
spine dorsocaudal in position; aedeagus
not curved concavely upward 52

52. .Aedeagus long, strongly curved in the

form of an inverted sickle, as in fig.

425// 53

.Aedeagus, fig. 424Af, short, five times as

long as broad, almost straight, with a

short dorsal process near middle
24. bifidus

53. Caudal margin of each pygofer, fig. 425£,
notched, forming a short dorsocaudal
spine 23. ramosus

Dorsal spine, fig. 425//, long, arising about
one-third the distance from apex; dorso-

caudal margin of each pygofer tapered

to a bluntly pointed apex
25. solidaginis

1. Paraphlepsius optatus (Crumb)

Phtepsius optatus Crumb (1915, p. 194).

Length 5-6 mm. A species resembling

coUitus in general form and appearance but

lighter in color. Vertex bluntly angled, a



June. 1948 DeLoNC: Ll-.AFllOI'l'hRS oi 295

little loiifjcr at niiddlc than next to eyes ami
with martjin thick and obtusely angled with

front. Pale yellowish, with line on disc ot

vertex, two spots at base, a spot behind either

eye on pronotum, two spots at apex, and two
points on disc of scutelluni black. Elytra

white, sparsely inscribed; a black spot at

middle and apex of each clavus, and black

spots on costa ; a faint irregular band across

middle of clavus.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 426^-1. long,

tapered, posterior margin very shallowly

excavated; a short median U-shaped incision

and a black marginal spot on either side.

Male plates, hg. 425G', long, concavely nar-

rowed at about half their length, then rather

evenly produced to near apexes, where they

are convexly rounded to pointed apexes on

inner margins.

This species has erroneously been placed

as a synonym of ciiureus Van Duzee, but

differs in external characters, and the aedea-

gus is entirely different. It is a common
species on grasses at the margins of streams

and in moist areas along the Illinois River

in the willow-cottonwood habitat. It was
recorded previously from Tennessee.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 28 to October 2, are from

Algonquin. Alton, Amboy, Barry, Cave in

Rock, Danville, Duncans Mills, Fulton,

Grafton, Hardin, Havana, Horseshoe Lake,

Kanipsville, Lima, Mahomet, Meredosia,

Metropolis, Monticello. New Milford,

Norris City, Oakwood, Olive Branch,

Oregon, Pike, Quincy, Rock Island, Rosi-

clare, Springfield. X'ienna. Wilmington, and

Wolf Lake.

2. Paraphlepsiiis tullultomi (DeLong)

Phlcfsius tullahomi DeLong (1916, p. 73).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Pale, with the pos-

terior halves of elytra appearing banded.

Vertex obtusely angled, one-fourth longer

at middle than next to eyes, margin with a

definite angle, acutely angled with front.

X'ertcx, pronotum, and scutellum sparseh

irrorate. Elytra sparsely marked on each

anterior half, the posterior half densely

marked with ramose pigment, a rather

definite line on middle of clavus separating

the two areas.

Female seventh sternite. fig. 426B, not

narrowed apically, posterior margin slightly

concave on either side of a median produced

bifid tooth. Male plates, fig. 425/, long.

exceeding pygofers, concavely narrowed on
either side about middle and produced to

rather bluntly pointed apexes.

This is apparently a pine species, occur-
ring normally upon seedlings, and sh<iuld be
found in southern Illinois. It has been
recorded from Alabama, Tennessee, and
Ohio.

3. Paniphlepsius strobi (I'itch)

liytliiiscDpus strobi Fitch (1851, p. 58).
I'/ilrpsiiu uhlfti Van Duzee (1892(i, p. 67).
I'hlrpsius jraniunianus Ball (1903, p. 228).

Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Small, generally

brownish, with paler bands on elytra. Ver-
tex bluntly angled, about one-half longer at

middle than next to eyes, margin not sharp
but rather definite, obtusely angled with

front. Vertex fulvous, pronotum and scutel-

lum brown. Elytra each with a white band
across base from middle of scutellum to

miiidle of clavus, a narrow band just be-

yond apex of clavus and a third just before

apex of elytron.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 426.V, with

posterior margin slightly and roundedly pro-

duced on median third, a black spot on either

side of middle, giving the appearance of a

median tooth. Male plates, fig. 425f.', long,

gradually, slightly, and concavely narrowed
to pointed apexes.

This is one of the common pine species

in the eastern United States and should be

found in Illinois in the pine association.

4. Paraphlepsiiis rossi (DeLong)

Phlepsius rossi DeLong (1938*, p. 43).

Length 7.5 mm. Rather large, robust,

with vertex, pronotum, and scutellum huff

or dull yellow. Vertex bluntly angled, one-

half longer at middle than next to eyes,

margin of vertex angled with front. \'crtcx

rather heavily irrorate with brown on mar-

gin at apex and on either side of middle.

Pronotum irrorate on disc. Elytra heavily

irrorate, appearing brown in contrast with

the yellowish vertex, pronotum, and scutel-

lum.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 426/ , with

posterior margin produced and margined

with brown on either side of a rather broad

shallow V-shaped notch. Male plates, fig.

425/), long, gradually tapering to narrow

blunt apexes. Aedeagus in ventral view

rather broad, apical half directed dorsally.



296 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ol. 24, Art. 2

apex with four terminal slender processes;

central pair long and forming the tenninal

portion of the aedeagus, the lateral pair

short. A heavy spine-hearing process aris-

ing at the apex of each pygofer and extend-

ing across to opposite side.

This species occurs in Illinois and Con-

necticut in the floodplain woods association

where tall grasses and dense herhaceous

plants are found with cane in shaded areas.

This is the only type of habitat in which

it has been collected.

Illinois Record.

—

Herod: Aug. 4, 1934,

iMohr & DeLong, 1 <5 , 5 9 .

5. Paraphlepsius collitus (Ball)

Phlepsiiu collitus Ball (1903, p. 227).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. One of the smaller

of the yellow-headed group. Vertex a little

longer at middle than next to eyes, produced

and bluntly angled, margin definite, vertex

angled with front. Vertex, pronotum, and

scutellum irrorate with pale or yellowish

brown and contrasting with the dark binwn
irrorations on the elytra.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 426Z), pos-

teriorly emarginate on either side of a broad

median tooth, which is bifid at apex. The
entire margin heavily brownish. Male
plates, fig. 42-iJ. rather long, broad at bases,

concavely narrowed on apical halves to

bluntly pointed apexes.

This is a common grass-feeding species in

meadows and in open woodland habitats,

and it occurs from Maine to Florida and
west to Iowa. It is widely distributed in

Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May 6 to October 3, are from Anna,
Billett, Carbondale, Champaign, Cobden,
Dixon Springs, Dolson, Effingham, Eichorn,

Fulton, Golconda, Grand Tower, Ham-
burg, Harrisburg, Havana, Herod, High
Knob, Hillsboro, Karnak, Lima, Metropolis,

Oakwood, Pike, Princeton, Putnam, Shavv-

neetown, Thebes, Urbana, Ursa, and Vienna.

. 6. Paraphlepsius fulvidorsuin (Fitch)

Jtissiu ful-viiiorsum Fitch (1851, p. 62).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Vertex, pronotum,
and scutellum pale fulvous yellow, contrast-

ing with the dark brown elytra. Vertex
angulate, one-half longer at middle than
next to eyes; margin sharp, acutely angled
with front. Female seventh sternite, fig.

426/", with posterior margin incised at mid-

dle, forming a pair of median short blunt

teeth; margin slightly emarginate between

each tooth and lateral angles on each side.

Male plates, fig. 424Z), long, gradually nar-

rowed from bases to pointed apexes.

Although occurring in the eastern states

and west to the Rocky Mountains, this

species is not abundant but is taken more
commonly in small numbers in habitats that

are like the heath. It occurs on grasses in

both moist and dry areas.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken July 8 to October 3, are from Anvil

Rock, Apple River Canyon State Park,

Channel Lake, Dixon Springs, Dolson,

Elizabethtown, Fern CUE, Grand Detour,

Herod, Muncie, and Palos Park.

7. Paraphlepsius eburneolus (Osborn
& Lathrop)

I'hlrpsius churncolns Osborn & Lathrop (1923,

p. 331).

Length 5.0-5.25 mm. Vertex light ful-

vous; pronotum, scutellum, and elytra dark

brown. Vertex obtusely angled, one-third

longer at middle than next to eyes, apex

with a sharp edge, angled with front. Fe-

male seventh sternite, fig. 426G, with pos-

terior margin notched at middle, produced,

with a pair of blunt teeth; slightly emargi-

nate on either side between each tooth and

broadly rounded lateral angle. Male plates,

fig. 425^^, slightly concave on center of outer

margins, each convexly rounded to inner

margin at apex, forming a pointed apex.

Apparently this species is found on grasses

in woodland areas only. It is apparently not

abundant, although taken from Virginia to

Minnesota. In Illinois, it has been taken

from a woodland habitat.

Illinois Record.—Dolson : July 24,

1936, DeLong & Mohr, 1 2.

8. Paraphlepsius latifrons (Van Duzee)

Plilepsius latifrons Van Duzee (1892a, p. 66).

Length 7 mm. Large, robust, with a

short broadly rounded head. Vertex slightly

longer at middle than next to eyes. Margin

thick, obtusely angled, almost rounded to

front. Pronotum almost four times as long

as vertex. Color pale, heavily marked with

brownish irrorations and ramose pigment

lines.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 426C, broadly,



June, 194S DeLoxg: Leafhoppers of Illinois 297

angularly excavated, the sides of excavation

sinuate. Male plates, fig. 425B, concavelv

excavated on inner margins just below nar-

rowed rather pointed and convergent apexes.

This is a pasture species, recorded previ-

ously from the southeastern states, and has

never been found abundantly. It occurs in

pastures of long standing where there is a

variety of herbaceous vegetation.

Illinois Records.

—

Cave in Rock: Oct.

2, 19,U. Frison & Ross, 19. Clay City:
at light, June 24. 1909, 1 i . Di.xon Springs:

July 9, 19.?5, DeLong & Ross, 1 <{ , 19.
Goi.conda: June 22, 1934, Ross, Dozier, &
Park, 15. Shawneetown: June 2,?, 19.i6,

DeLong & Ross, .3 c5 , 39 ; June 27, 1936,

DeLong & Mohr, 7 i , 19.

9. Paraphlepsius tigrinus (Ball)

P/ilfpsiiis iKjrinus Ball (1909a, p. 80).

Length 6 mm. Tawny, brown, with faint

reticulations, and with a pale spot on yellow

scutellum. N'ertex short, only slightly

longer at middle than next to eyes, margin
thick, not sharply angled with front. Fe-

male seventh sternite, fig. 426/, with the

posterior margin short, roundedly emargi-

nate on either side of a produced median
tooth, which is narrowly bifid at middle.

Male plates, hg. 424B, concavely narrowed
on outer margins at middle, each produced

and convexly rounded at apex to form
pointed tips on inner margin.

Previously recorded from the District of

Columbia and Ohio, this species has been

taken in Illinois. It occurs only on pine.

Illinois Records.

—

Gibsonia: Oct. 2.

1934, Frison & Ross, 1 c5 . Oakwood: Aug.
17, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 i.

10. Paraphlepsius maciilosus (Osborn)

Phtcpsius maiuliiliis Osborn (1905a, p. 276).
Name preoccupied.

Phlepsius maculosus Osborn in Osborn & Lath-
rop (1923, p. 319). New name.

Fig. 427. Length 7 mm. Broad headed.

\ ertex short, scarcely longer at middle than

next to eyes; margin thick, almost rounded
to front. Pale, marked with brown irrora-

tions that blend into spotted areas on head,

pronotum, and elytra. Four dark spots on
anterior margin of vertex and two darker
spots next to the posterior border. Female
seventh sternite, fig. 426L^ long, median
three-fourths produced abruptly into a lobe,

the median third of which is notched one-
fourth the distance to base by a V-shaped
notch with the apex rounded; black spot
causes segment to appear more deeply
notched. Male plates, fig. 425A.', short, inner
margins concavely excavated, forming di-
vergent bluntly pointed apexes. Pygoters
greatly exceeding plates.

Fig. 427.

—

Paraphlepsius maculosus. .Ailiilt:

a, profile; h, face; r, female genitalia; </,

elytron. (From Osborn.)

Ibis species, described from Ohio, is ap-

parently rare or very difficult to capture.

One male was collected in Illinois on a sand

prairie that is being invaded by woodland.

Records indicate that the species is usually

taken in prairie habitats.

Illinois Record.

—

St. Anne: Julv 20.

1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 <? .

11. Paraphlepsius lurp.culus (Ball)

Phlepsius lurpiiulus Ball (ISOOA, p. 200).

Length 6-7 mm. Broad headed. \'ertcx

almost parallel maigined, but little longer

at middle than next to eyes, margin round-

edly angulate, bluntly angled with front.

Color rather uniformly and evenly irrorate

with brownish pigment. Female seventh

sternite, fig. 426/, with posterior margin

rather deeply and concavely excavated on

either side of median halt, which is broadly,

shallovvly, and angularly excavated, with a

black mark at apex of excavation suggesting

a deep incision. Male plates, fig. 425/, con-

cavely narrowed and tapered to acute apexes.



298 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin lol.24,Art.2

Each pyiiofer spine directed caudally, sinu-

ate, and lying dorsad to caudal end of py-

gofer.

For many years \vc have referred speci-

mens of this species to fusripciinis, which is

a smaller and darker species and seems to

he confined to the Atlantic coastal area

;

tiirpiculus is a prairie form closely related

to fuscipennis and occurs in the northern

part of Illinois, as well as other parts of

the Middle West and the South. It occurs

in moist habitats and in prairie lagoons in

marshy areas.

Illinois Records.—BE.4CH : July 25, 1934,

Frison & DeLong, 29. Northern Illi-

nois: 19. Oak Lawn: Sept. 6, 1935, T.

H. Frison, 1 <? . Zion: Aug. 7, 1935, Ross

& DeLong, 1 9 .

12. Paraphlepsitis alius (Osborn & Ball)

Plilepsius alius Osborn & Ball (1897, p. 228).

Length 5 mm. Short, robust. Vertex

bluntly angulate, about one-fifth longer at

middle than next to eyes, margin thick,

bluntly angled with front. Rather evenly

and densely irrorate with dark fuscous.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 426L, with

lateral angles strongly produced, between

which the posterior margin is broadly,

deeply, and abruptly emarginate, the margin

of excavation at base forming a rounded

black lobe on either side of a median narrow

incision. Male plates, fig. 424£, long,

slightly and concavely narrowed to acute

bluntly pointed apexes.

Recorded only from the Middle West,

this species is common in the wet prairie and

usually does not occur in dry prairie habi-

tats. It has been collected in Illinois from

short grasses in low moist prairie habitats.

Illinois Records.

—

Fulton: low pas-

ture, July 8, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 c5 , 4 9 .

Zion: Aug. 7, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 9 .

13. Paraphlepsius pusillus (Baker)

Plilrpsiiis pusillus Baker {li9Za. p. 66).

Plilepsius collinus Osborn & Lathrop (1923,

p. 324).

Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Short, broad, robust.

Vertex distinctly angulate, almost one-half

longer at middle than next to eyes, margin
distinct, angled with front. Vertex, prono-

tum, and scutellum dark, interspersed with

white spots. Elytra marked with dark brown

vermiculate lines. Female seventh sternite,

fig. 426//, short, posterior margin broadly,

very shallowly emarginate, with a short V-
shaped notch at middle; entire margin of

excavation heavily embrowned. Male plates,

fig. 4247, evenly, slightly, and convexly nar-

rowed to bluntly angled apexes.

Recorded previously from the Atlantic

states, this is a common hillside pasture

species in southern Illinois, where it occurs

on short grasses. It seems to be rather

definitely restricted to a dry upland habitat.

Illinois Records.

—

Anvil Rock: Oct. 3,

1934, Frison & Ross, 1 <; , 39. Cave in

Rock: Oct. 2, 1934, Frison & Ross, \S.
DixoN Springs: July 29, 1934, DeLong &
Mohr, 6,i , 2 9 . Fern Cliff: Aug. 3, 1934,

DeLong & Mohr, 19. Herod: Aug. 3,

1934, DeLong & Mohr, 1 <5 , 19. Vienna:

July 29, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 3 i , 7 9 .

14. Paraphlepsius incisus (Van Duzee)

Plilepsius incisus Van Duzee (1892a, p. 73).

Length 6 mm. Rather broad, robust.

Vertex bluntly angled, a little longer at

middle than next to eyes, distinctly angled

with front, margin definite. Marked with

brown irrorations, often appearing whiter

along the margin. Female seventh sternite,

fig. 426A^, with lateral margins sloping to

median half of segment, which is rather

deeply, broadly, and angularly excavated

more than one-third the distance to base,

and with a brown spot on either side of

notch on outer sloping margin; lateral angles

absent. Male plates, fig. 425L, deeply, con-

cavely excavated on outer margins and pro-

duced to rather broad blunt rounded apexes.

This is a grass-feeding species usually

found in open woodland areas and often in

rather densely shaded herbaceous growth.

It is found in the East and Middle West,

and occurs in small numbers in widely sepa-
j

rated localities in Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Antioch : July 5-7,

1932, T. H. Frison, \$. Apple River

Canyon St.ate Park: Aug. 22, 1935, De-

Long & Ross, 3 i . Dolson: July 18, 1934,

DeLong & Ross, \$, 19; July 24, 1936,

DeLong & Mohr, 1 9 . S.avanna: July 19,

1892, McElfresh, Shiga, Forbes, & Hart,

19. Urbana: July 28, 1889, C. A. Hart,

1 9 ; Aug. 18, 1892, C. A. Hart, 1 9 ; Sept.

5, 1898, C. W. Woodworth, 1 9 ; July 18,

1917, 1$ ;
Aug. 17, 1920, U.

I



J,i„r. 19-fS DeLong: Leafhoim'Ers of li.i.ixt 299

IS. Ptnaphlfpsius umbrosus (Sandets

& DeLong)

I'hirpsuis iimhrasus Sanders i DeLong (1917,
p. 88).

Length 6.0-6.5 mm. Large, ratlier ro-

bust, brownish. \'ertex obtusely angled,

one-half longer at middle than next to eyes,

margin thick, obtusely angled with front;

rather densely and evenly irrorate with
brown, except for a paler spot each side

next to eye. Female seventh sternite, fig.

4260, long, tapered, posterior angles prom-
inent, narrowly rounded. Posterior margin
produced, bifid at center, a rounded tooth

either side; the margin slightly concave be-

tween each median tooth and lateral angle.

Male plates, Hg. 425F, long, rather narrow,

slightly and concavely narrowed on outer

margins to bluntly pointed apexes. Aedeagus
with a narrow straight dorsal process. Body
of aedeagus not recurved but straight, a

little narrowed before apex.

This species has a northern distribution

and is an open woodland form living on

herbaceous vegetation in rather definitely

shaded areas. It has been taken in northern

Illinois.

Illinois Record.

—

Apple Ri\er Canyon
State Park: July 11, 19.U, DeLong &
Ross, 1 9 .

16. Paraphlepsius laschuiis (Ball)

Phlrpsius tascivius Ball (1900/;, p. 200).
Plilepsius micronolatus Osborn i Lathrop

(1923, p. 321).

Length 6 mm. Rather robust, brownish,

« ith the black coloration of the face visible

on margin of vertex from above. Vertex

bluntly angled, slightly longer at middle

than next to eyes, margin thick, obtusely

angled with front; densely irrorate with

dark brown except for a white spot at apex,

on either side of which is a polished black

spot formed by the extension of the black

coloration on the upper portion of face.

Female seventh sternite. fig. 426P, long,

posterior margin broadly, very shallowly

emarginate, with a slight notch at middle.

.Male plates, fig. 424L, concavely narrowed

on median portion to broadly rounded

apexes.

This is a western prairie species and may
eventually be found in the prairie habitat

HI Illinois.

17. Paritphlepsius tniiicaliis (\an Du/.ee)

I'lilipsius Inincatus Van Duzec (1892rt, p. 72).

Length 5.25-5.5 mm. Narrow, with
bluntly angulate head; superficially rcscm-
bhng irroratiis so closely that the two species
cannot be separated except by use of the
external genital characters. Vertex about
one-fourth longer at middle than next to

eyes and bluntly angled with front. Rather
uniformly irrorate with brown. Female
seventh sternite, fig. 426//', with lateral

margins broadly rounded to posterior mar-
gin, which is almost truncate, but very
slightly emarginate on median third, the

emargination black bordered. .\LaIe plates,

fig. 4246', gradually, slightly, and concavely
narrowed to rather broad blunt apexes,
which are convexly rounded on outer mar-
gins to inner margins.

This is a very common and abundant
species in the eastern states but is not found
in as great numbers as inoratus. The opti-

mum habitat seems to be a moist open wood-
land with dense herbaceous vegetation.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 13 to October i, are

from Alsip, Alton, Anvil Rock, Barry, Cave
in Rock, Dixon Springs, Dolson, Eichorn,

Elizabethtown, Fairfield. Fulton, Gibsonia,

(jrand Tower, Herod, Hillsboro, Homer,
Mahomet, Marshall, Metropolis, Monu-iuc,

.Muncie, Norris City, Oak Lawn, Pana.

Princeton, Seymour, Shawneetown, 'Fhebes,

Lrbana, \'ienna, Volo, and Watson.

18. Paraphlepsius irroratus (Say)

Jassus irroratus Say (1831, p. 308).

Jassiis testudinarius Burmeister (1838, pi. 14).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Slender, with a

bluntly, angularly produced vertex that is

about one-fourth longer at middle than next

to eyes; margin rather thick, obtusely angled

with front. Coloration somewhat variable,

usually rather uniformly and heavily irro-

rate. Female seventh sternite, fig. 4267',

truncate, with a short tooth produced on

either side of median third, which is square-

ly and deeply excavated half way to base

;

a broad tooth the width of excavation ex-

tending half way to posterior margin. Male

plates, fig. 4246', concavely narrowed near

middle, apexes produced as long narrow

straplike processes that are blunt at apexes.

Transcontinental in distribution, this is



300 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2

the most common species of the genus and

occurs in almost every habitat condition.

It is common in pasture, meadow, and wet

prairie situations, and occurs upon almost

every type of cultivated crop.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 15 to October .^1, are

from Adair, Algonquin, Alton, Anvil Rock,

Apple River Canyon State Park, Areola,

Atlas, Aurora, Beach, Bradley, Buda, Bush-

nell, Cairo, Carbondale, Carman, Cave in

Rock, Champaign, Charleston, Chemung,
Chicago, Clayton, Clay City, Collinsville,

Cornland, Danville, Decatur, Deland, Des
Plaines, Dolson, Dongola, Dubois, Dwight,

Eichorn, Elgin, Elizabethtown, Fairfield,

Forrest, Fox Lake, Fulton, Galena, Geff,

Cjibson City, Gibsonia, Golconda, Grafton,

Grand Detour, Grays Lake, Harrisburg,

Havana, Herod, High Knob, Hillsboro,

Kampsville, Kankakee, Karnak, Lima,

Luther, Mahomet, Marshall, Meredosia,

Metropolis, Momence, Monmouth, Monti-

cello, Mount Carmel, Muncie, New Hol-

land, Norris City, Oak Lawn, Oakwood,
Ogden, Olive Branch, Onarga, Palos Park,

Pana, Payson, Pecatonica, Pekin, Pike,

Princeton, Pulaski, Putnam, Quincy, Rosi-

clare. Round Lake, St. Anne, Seymour,

Shawneetown, Sheffield, Sibley, Sparta,

Springfield, Starved Rock State Park, Ster-

ling, Sumner, Thebes, Temple Hill, Urbana,

Ursa, Vandalia, Vienna, Virginia, Volo,

Waukegan, White Heath, and Zion.

19. Paraphlepsius tennessa (DeLong)

Phlrpsius Irnnessa DeLong (1916, p. 75).

Phlepsius similis Lathrop (1917, p. 128).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Rather large and

elongate. Vertex bluntly angled, about one-

half longer at middle than next to eyes,

forming a rather definite margin with the

front. Marked with brownish irrorations,

but without definite additional markings.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 426/?, with pos-

terior margin rather broadly and shallowly

emarginate on either side of a median nar-

rowly notched portion; median line cephalad

tu notch and each emargination brown bor-

dered. Male plates, fig. 424f, gradually,

slightly, and concavely narrowed to blunt

rounded apexes.

This is a common grass-feeding species

and is found abundantly in moist or partly

shaded habitats. It was reported previously

from Ohio and eastward.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 14 to October 2, are from Cache,

Carmi, Cave in Rock, Dixon Springs, Don-

gola, Dolson, Elizabethtown, Fern Cliff,

Jonesboro, Karnak, Norris City, Olive

Branch, Shawneetown, Temple Hill, and

Vienna.

20. Paraphlepsius brunneus (DeLong)

Plilepsius hrunneus DeLong (1916, p. 74).

Length 6-7 mm. Resembling tennessa in

form and size, but usually darker brown
in color. Vertex obtusely angled, about

one-half longer at middle than next to eyes,

vertex definitely angled with front, margin

rather sharp. Rather heavily and evenly

irrorate with dark brown pigment. Female

seventh sternite, fig. 426A', roundedly nar-

rowed to produced narrow lateral angles, be-

tween which the posterior margin is broadly

excavated about one-fourth the distance to

base; posterior margin of excavation slightly

produced at middle and rather deeply and

narrowly notched, the concavity on each

side of notch dark margined. Male plates,

fig. 424/, rather long, concavely tapered to

rather blunt pointed apexes.

This species is found less commonly than

tennessa but in similar moist grassy habi-

tats. It was previously reported from Ten-

nessee and the Lake Erie region.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 13 to August 17, are from Dol-

son, Eichorn, Havana, Herod, Karnak,

Metropolis, Norris City, Quincy, St. Joseph,

Shawneetown, and Vienna.

«

21. Paraphlepsius lobatus (Osborn)

PhUpshis lobatus Osborn (1898, p. 247)

Length 4.5-5.25 mm. Rather elongate,

with a bluntly angled vertex, rounded at

apex, and a little longer at middle than next

to eyes; vertex bluntly angled with front,

margin thick. Dorsum rather evenly, but not

densely, irrorate with fuscous. Female

seventh sternite, fig. 426£, slightly nar-

rowed, lateral angles strongly produced and

pointed, between which the posterior margin

is abruptly excavated about one-fifth the

distance to base, with the margin of excava-

tion slightly and angularly produced and

incised at middle. Male plates, fig. 4240

short, concavely narrowed to bluntly pointed

apexes, which are slightly divergent.

This is an uncommon Middle Western

I

i



June, 1948 DeLonc: Leafhoppers of Illinois 301

species that has been collected in moist

grassy habitats. It should occur in northern

Illinois.

22. Paraphlepsius hiimidus (\'an Duzee)

Phtepsius humidus Van Duzee (1892fl, p. 76).
Phlipsius dentatus Baker (1898a, p. 65).

Length 6-7 mm. Larf^e, broad, yellow ish

brown. Vertex obtusely angled, anterior

margin thin, acutely angled with front;

vertex and scutellum usually pale yellowish.

Elytra with three indistinct transverse

bands; a fuscous spot on suture at middle

and apex of each clavus. Female seventh

sternite, tig. 426(3. short, lateral angles

rounded, between which the posterior mar-
gin is concavely notched on either side of the

median half, which is produced beyond the

lateral angles and is bifid at center, produc-

ing a pair of pointed teeth ; sides of produced
portion black margined. Male plates, tig.

424.V, rather rapidly narrowed to acutely

angled apexes.

This species is abundant in the eastern

half of the United States in fresh-water

marshes and in moist or wet grassy meadow-
areas. Apparently it lives on coarse grasses

or sedges.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May 29 to (October 5, are from Algon-
quin, Buda, Champaign, Channel Lake,

Dubois, Grand Detour, Hamilton, Havana,
Herod, Homer, Keithsburg, Lake Villa,

Macomb, McHenry, Muncie, Oquawka,
Princeton, Spring \'alley, Sugar Grove, Sun
Lake, L'rbana, and \'olo.

grasses or sedges in fresh-water marshes,
and on coarse grasses in low wet meadows.
It has not been found on the prairies.

Illinois Records.—Ch.-^mpaion- at
light, July 27, 1887, C. A. Hart, I $ . DoL-
soN

: Rocky Branch, July 18, 1934, DeLong
& Ross, 1 <J, 19. Muncie: sweeping, July
25, 1908, 1 9 ; Aug. 15, 1917, 19. Urbana:
sweeping, June 21, 1889, C. A. Hart, 1 i .

24. Paraphlepsius bifidus (Sanders
& DeLong)

PhUpsius hifidus Sanders & DeLong (1917 i.

89). '
'

Length 7 mm. Large, rather robust.
Vertex roundedly angulate, about one-third
longer at middle than next to eyes, flattened,
margin acute, thin, sharpest at middle.
Color dark gray, vertex yellowish, prono-
tum yellowish on anterior margin, disc
darker. Scutellum ivory white, with spar.sc

irrorations. Elytra marked with brown pig-
ment, darker on posterior half, and with
indication of a paler band at middle. I'emalc
seventh sternite, fig. 426i', tapered to apex
and sloping to prominent angles, between
which the brownish posterior margin is

deeply and angularly notched two-thirds the

distance to base. Male plates, fig. 424,1/,

long, broad at base, slightly and concavely
narrowed near middle, and together pro-
duced to form a rather bluntly pointed apex.

Pygofers with dorsal pointed processes.

This species has a northern distribution

and is a woodland form. It may occur in

northern Illinois.

23. Paraphlepsius raniosiis Baker

Paraphlepsius ramosus Baker (1897, p. 158).
Phlrpsius trnuifrons Sanders & DeLong (1919,

p. 235).

Length 7 mm. Large, robust, with a thin-

margined almost foliaceous vertex, which
is roundedly angulate; margin sometimes
definitely upturned. Dark brown to fuscous,

elytra with fuscous marking more dense

posterior to middle, producing a banded

appearance. Female seventh sternite, fig.

426.1/, long, appearing almost truncate, pos-

terior margin slightly notched at middle.

the margin between notches sinuate. Male
plates, fig. 425£, long, concavely narrowed
near middle on outer margins, then pro-

duced, forming bluntly pointed apexes.

This northeastern species occurs on tall

25. Paraphlepsius solidaginis (Walker)

Acoceplialus solidm/inis Walker (185Irt, p.

847 )

.

Phlrpsius nehulnsus Van Duzee (1892rt, p. 77).

Length 8 mm. This is probably the larg-

est species of the genus. Vertex roundedly

angulate, nearly twice as long at middle as

next to eyes, margin sharp, acutely angled

with front. Color grayish brown, the paler

brown color often caused by the more sparse

irrorations or ramose markings. Female

seventh sternite, fig. 4265, tapered to apex,

lateral angles produced and prominent, be-

tween which the posterior margin is broadly,

decidedly emarginate; border of emargina-

tion practically truncate and slightly notched

at middle, black margined. Male plates, fig.

425//. long, concavely narrowed near mid-



302 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24. Art. 2

(lie of outer margins, then produced to

bluntly pointed apexes.

This is a typical species of the moist

prairie in the eastern states and west to

Colorado. It is found also in meadows that

are similar to the moist prairies.

Illinois Records.—Beach: Aug. 22,

1906, IcJ. Champaign: July 6, 1887, C.

A. Hart, 19. Fox Lake: Aug. 6, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 1^. Galesburg: 19.

Homer: at light, July 11, 1927, Prison &
Glasgow, 19. Princeton: July 12, 1937,

Mohr & Burks, 1 $. ZiON : July 25, 1935,

Prison & DeLong, 1 <5 , 19; Aug. 7, 1935,

Ross & DeLong, 1 9 .

26. Paraphlepsius certus (DeLong)

P/ilepsius certus DeLong (1938*, p. 44).

Length 5.5 mm. Slender, brownish ; in

size, form, and color similar to irroratus,

but differing in male genital structures.

Vertex evenly marked with brown ramose

pigment. Two darker spots on each elytron,

one at end of claval suture and another

about half way between this and apex of

scutellum. Male plates, fig. 424//, long,

slightly and concavely narrowed about half

way to apexes, which are bluntly pointed.

Aedeagus in lateral view curved upward
near base, then bifurcate, a short process

extending dorsally, and a broad longer proc-

ess directed caudally, the latter narrowed
near apex. A long dorsally directed spine

at the ventrocaudal margin of each pygofer.

Female unknown.
This species has been collected only in

a fresh-water marsh in Wisconsin.

27. Paraphlepsius electus (DeLong)

Phlepsius etcctus DeLong (1938A, p. 43).

Length 5 mm. In size and form similar

to irroratus, but paler in color. Vertex
bluntly angled, one-half longer at middle
than next to eyes, margin rather thin,

sharply angled with front. Vertex, prono-
tum, and scutellum cream colored, rather
evenly irrorate with light brown. Elytra
irrorate with darker brown.
Male plates, fig. 424A', about as long as

combined width at base, gradually tapered
to blunt apexes. Aedeagus with a ventral
and dorsal portion; ventral portion in lateral

view narrow at base, strongly and abruptly
broadened on apical third with a short dor-
sal process at apex; dorsal process curved

dorsally at base, then posteriorly, consist-

ing of two lateral pieces that diverge at

apex and exceed the ventral portion in

length. Each pygofer with a short erect

spine on dorsal apical margin.

This species is known only from Illinois

and Missouri.

Illinois Record.

—

Api'i.e River Canyon
State Park: July 11, 1934, Prison & De-

Long, 1 i .

86. TEXANANUS Hall

Texananus Ball (1918, p. 384).

Head narrower than pronotum. Vertex

bluntly angular, sometimes conical, vertex

with margin rounded to front. Elytra broad

and short.

About 30 species of this genus arc

recorded from the United States ; six of

them occur in Illinois. Several others may
eventually be found here.

Key to Species

1 Females 2
Males 7

2. Seventh sternite, fig. 428^^, roundedly pro-

duced from base to apex, with two
rounded teeth. Length 7.0-7.25 mm. . .

1. rufusculus
Seventh sternite concavely rounded or

notched 3

3. Seventh sternite broadly and concavely
excavated from lateral angles 4

Seventh sternite with median half of

posterior margin notched or excavated. .

^
5

4. Seventh sternite, fig. 428C, excavated half

way to base, not exposing lateral mar-
gins of underlying membrane

2. superbus
Seventh sternite, fig. 428S, deeply ex-

cavated two-thirds the distance to base,

exposing lateral lobes of underlying
segment at the sides 3. excultus

5. Seventh sternite, fig. 428Z), with posterior

margin shallowly and angularly sloping

to median narrow short V-shaped notch;

entire insect tessellate. . . .4. areolatus
Seventh sternite deeply notched at least

halfway to base; insect not tessellate. . .

6

6. Seventh sternite, fig. 428£, notched more
than half way to base, notch abruptly
narrowed half of its way to base, apex

rounded 5. decorus
Seventh sternite, fig. 428F, with a broad

V-shaped notch, and a narrow rather

deep rounded emargination on margin
on either side of notch. . .6. cumulatus

7. Plates broad, short, rounded, together

almost semicircular in shape, as in fig.

428G 8

Plates bluntly or rather sharply angled, as

in fig. 428// 9



J,uu. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Ili.ixc 303

8. F.ntire insect tessellate; each pygofer, lia.

428G, as broad as loni;, truncate
caudally; aedeagus composed of one
process 4. areolatus

Insect brown, not tessellate; each pygot'er,
fig. 428J, more than twice as long as
greatest width, concavely narrow to
pointed caudal apex; aedeagus with a

rounded dorsal process and a long
straight ventral process ..2. superbus

y. Reddish brown in color; length 7.0 mm.
or more 1. rufusculus

L'sually darker brown in color; length
less than 6.5 mm 10

10. Plates, fig. 428//, triangular, together
acutely pointed; aedeagus composed of
one process 3. excultus

Plates with apexes rounded, blunt; aedea-
gus with two processes, a long straight
ventral process and a dorsal curved
process 11

11. Plates, fig. 428/,, short and narrow; pygo-
fers pointed caudally; dorsal process of
aedeagus long and slender; elytra marked
with pale lobate spots , , - 5. decorus

Plates, fig. 428/, longer and broader,
pygofers blunt, rounded caudally; dor-
sal process ot aedeagus short and broad;
elytra brown, without lobate spots. , , .

6. cumulatus

1. Texananus rufusculus (Osborii &
Lathrop)

I'hiepslus rufusculus Osborn & Lathrop (1923,
p. 340).

Lenjith 7.0-7.25 mm. Large, robust, le-

scmblitifi superbus but larger and more red-

dish brown in color. Vertex one-fourth

longer at middle than next to eyes, obtusely

rounded to front; anterior border of vertex

ivory yellow. Female seventh sternite, fig.

A2%A, broadly and roundedly produced from
base to form a pair of short broadly rounded

teeth separated by a narrow notch. Male
plates, fig. 428A', rather long, triangular

with bluntly pointed apexes. Aedeagus with

a pair of ventral lateral processes, which
are divergent, and a median process, which

is enlarged at the base and abruptly tapered

to a long slender process.

This uncommon species has been collected

only in wooded floodplain areas, and its

range of habitat is not known. It was pre-

viously recorded from Ohio and Missouri.

Illinois Record.

—

M.xkand.a: March 27,

19.?5, Ross & Mohr, I 9 .

2. Texananus superbus (Van Duzee)

I'hli-psius superbus Van Duzee (1892(J, p. 81).

Length 6 mm. Broad, narrow headed.

robust, rather heavily irrorate, dark fuscous.

Vertex roundedly angulate, about one-third
longer at middle than ne.xt to eyes, rounding
to front. Female seventh sternite, fig. 428^',

broadly excavated half way to base; apex of

cmargination occupies about one-third of

entire width between lateral angles and is

truncate; side margins sinuate. ALale plates,

fig. 4287, short, broad, together semicircu-
lar. Aedeagus with a pair of long ventral
processes that are abruptly narrowed on
dorsal margin near apex and produced in

narrow pointed apexes; dorsal process short,

sickle shaped, with the curved apex directed

dorsally and anteriorly. Each pygofer long,

tapered, concavely narrowed on ventral

margin to rather pointed apex.

This is a transcontinental grass-feeding

species and occurs in meadows and pastures.

Illinois Records.—Anna; Oct. 11. 19,U.

DeLong c^- Ross, 1 i . Di.xoN Springs: [uly

29, 19,U, DeLong & Ross, \b $ , 12 9 ; July
9, 19.^S, DeLong & Ross, 1 i.

3. Texananus excultus (Uhler)

Jassus excultus Uhler (1877, p. 467).

Length 6.0-6.5 mm. Broad, resembling

superbus in general form and size, but the

vertex, pronotum, and scutellum are tawny
yellow in contrast to the darker brownish
elytra. Commissural line of elytra with

white lobate spots. Vertex about one-fourth

longer at middle than next to eyes, rounded

to front. Female seventh sternite, fig. 428/i,

broadly excavated two-thirds the distance

to base ; side margins slightly produced and

rounded not far from the lateral margins;

plates of underlying sternite exposed at sides

of the excavation. I\Lile plates, fig. 428//,

broad, triangular, apexes bluntly pointed.

Aedeagus with a basal dorsally produced

process that is tapered and bluntly pointed
;

apical portion narrowed, tapered to a slender

pointed apex, which is dorsally curved an-

teriorly, almost touching the basal portion.

Pygofers short and pointed, not exceeding

plates.

This species is southern in range, feeding

on grasses in pastures and in wet areas and

prairies.

Illinois Records.—Cave ix Rock; Oct.

2. 1934, Frison & Ross, U , 1 V . Fern

Cmff: Aug. 3, 1934, DeLong & Mohr, 2 <J ,

3 9 . Gibsonia: Oct. 2, 1934, Frison & Ross,

20 ,J, 12 2. K.-\rnak: Aug. 8, 1934, Ross,

DeLong, & Mohr, 19. Makan'da: ALirch

26, 1935, Ross & Mohr, 1 9 . Norris Citv:



304 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2

Oct. 1, 1934, Frison & Ross, 1 $ . Vienna:

June 29, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 89.

4. Texanamis areolatus (Baker)

PhUpsius areiilulus Baker (1898i, p. 30).

Length 6 mm. Ivory white, tessellate

with brown, fuscous, and black. Vertex

one-third longer at middle than next to eyes.

Anterior margin sharp, with alternate ivory

and black spots; front straight in profile.

Irrorations of elytra often forming definite

areolar spots. Female seventh sternite, fig.

428D, rather long; posterior margin broadly

and shallovvly emarginate, a short V-shaped

notch at apex, a brown spot on either side.

Male plates, fig. 428G\ short, broad,

rounded, almost semicircular. Aedeagus

composed of a structure that is enlarged

dorsally near base and produced, bearing

a narrowed anteriorly curved dorsal proc-

ess; a long ventral process produced ven-

trally. Pygofers short, broadly truncate.

Recorded previously only from Kansas,

this is a typical prairie species and appar-

ently is restricted to the prairie habitat in

Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Carman: July 29,

1936, Mohr & Burks, 2$, 55 ; July 13,

1937, Mohr & Burks, 13 ^ , 10 9.

RUFUSCULUS

EXCULTUS

SUPERBUS

!
/V. 'A

CUMULATUS

CUMULATUS RUFUSCULUS DECORUS OECORUS

Fig. 428.

—

Texananus. A-F, female seventh sternite; G-L, male genitalia, ventral and lateral

aspects.



June. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 305

5. Texananus decorus (Osborn & Hall)

Phlepsius decorus Osborn i Ball ( 1897, p.

230).

Length 6 mm. Rather short, robust,

whitish, with flaring elytra. N'ertex broadly,

rouniieiily angulate, about one-third longer

at middle than next to eyes; anterior margin

bluntly angled. Vertex, pronotum, and

scutellum marked with tawny; a transverse

pale band on vertex extended forward to

apex at middle. Elytral commissural line

on clavus with ivory white lobate spots.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 428£, with

lateral margins rounded to posterior mar-

gin, which is almost truncate; median

fourth broadly, deeply, triangularly exca-

vated two-thirds the distance to the base

;

sides of excavation sinuate. .Male plates,

tig. 428L, short and narrow, triangular

apexes roundedly angled. Aedeagus with a

long slender bladelike ventral process, and

a rather long slender dorsal process with

apical third curved dorsally. Pygofers each

tapered to a bluntly pointed apex, these

widely divergent and excavated laterally.

Throughout Illinois this is a rather com-

mon grass-feeding pasture species in moist

habitats. It is also found on certain types

of prairie. It occurs widely over the eastern

United States.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 14 to October 20, are from

Alton, Browns, Cairo, Cave in Rock, Cy-

press. Dubois, Duncans Mills, Elizabeth-

town, Farina, Fern Cliff, Gibsonia, Gol-

conda. Grand Tower, Havana, Homer,

Jonesboro, Marshall, Muncie, Shawnee-

I town, Urbana. \'ienna, and Watson.

'

6. Texananus cumutatiis (Ball)
I

' Phlepsius eumulatus Ball (1900A, p. 202).

I

Length 6.0-6.5 mm. Broadly oval, robust,

j

reddish brown. Vertex short, scarcely longer

at middle than next to eyes; faintly angulate.

1 bluntly rounded to front. The brownish

i
color is distinctly tinged with red. Female

i seventh sternite, fig. 428F, roundedly pro-

, I duced from base to a narrow rather shallow

•I emargination on either side of a broad V-

shaped notch, which extends half way to

base. Male plates, fig. 428/, rather short,

triangular, with bluntly pointed apexes.

Aedeagus with a rather long slender ventral

process and a dorsal process that is rather

bioad at base, narrowed apically, and curved

dorsally. Pygofers short and with apexes

bluntly rounded.

As far as known, this species feeds only

on the bearberry, Arctusluphylos. and is

abundant upon that plant on the sandy areas

along the shores of Lake .Michigan. It is

recorded only from the Middle West ami

Washington.

Illinois Records.

—

Hkach : Aug. 24,

1906, I <; , 1 9 ; July 25, 19.U, Frison & De-

Long, 1 <5 , I 2 . ZioN : July 25, 19.54, Frison

& DeLong, 74 5, 63 9 ; Aug. 7, 1935, Ross

& DeLong, 7<J, 49.

87. lOfVANUS Ball

lijii-anus Ball (1918, p. 382).

The head is unusually narrowed, about

three-fourths as wide as pronotum, and the

anterior lateral margins of the pronotum

slope strongly to the eyes. Individuals in

the genus are large, 8-10 mm. in length,

and the elytra are elongated. The male

genitalia are distinct from those of Textiii-

iiiuis. They can be recognized fr(mi the ex-

ternal view by rounded apical pygofer lobes,

each of which is usually set off from the

pygofer proper by a ventral and a dorsal

notch. The female seventh sternite is almost

truncate and with a narrow deep median

incision.

The species of the genus are known to

occur throughout the eastern half of the

United States, in Texas, New Mexico, and

as far south as the state of Guerrero in

Mexico. They resemble each other very

closely, but can be distinguished by the dif-

ferences in genital structures. DeLong

(1939A) records five species for the United

States, and four of these have been taken

in Illinois. The fifth species is known only

from New Mexico.

Kev to Species

1 . Females ::

Males ;• j--

T Female seventh sternite with median

notch appearing U-shaped, t-xtendini;

halfway to base; teeth on each side ot

median notch long, slender. . . . _ _

3. borron

Median notch narrowly V-shaped and

teeth on each side of median notch

blunt, fig. 429C j „
1. majestus, 4. caducus

-1 Anex of each fork of ventral portion ot

aedeagus, fig. 431, bifid .2 dicentrus

.\pex of each fork of ventral portion of

aedeagus pointed, as in fig. 430 4



306 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin rol.24,Art.2\

4. Ventral portion of aedeagus, fig. 430, bent

sharply ventrally and produced apically

for more than one-third its length

3. borrori
Ventral portion of the aedeagus with the

apical portion not sharply bent ventral-

ly, or, if bent, then apical portion very

short 5

5. Apical pygofer lobes, fig. 432, appearing

short in lateral view, bent inwardly, not

constricted basally: apical branches of

ventral aedeagus slender, elongate, in

lateral view appearing bent twice

4. caducus
Apical pygofer lobes, fig. 429, elongate,

ovate, constricted at base; apical

branches of ventral portion of aedeagus,

short, thick, and curved ventrally

1. tnajestus

1. lowanus majestus (Osborn & Ball)

Phhpsius majestus Osborn & Ball (1897, p.

229).

Length 9-10 mm. Large, broadheaded.

Vertex about twice as wide as long, bluntly

angled, yellowish, with two approximate

dots near apex; a broad black band between

anterior halves of eyes, with a straight mar-

gin in front, and emarginate on either side

of the middle behind and often interrupted

at middle.

Seventh sternite of female, fig. 429C,

broad, lateral margins almost straight, pos-

terior margin shallowly emarginate on either

side of two large divergent acute teeth,

which are produced beyond the lateral

angles ; between these teeth is a deep notch

extending one-third the distance to base.

Male pygofers, figs. 429.^, 429fi, each with

elongate oval apical lobe, which is constricted

at base. V^entral portion of aedeagus cleft

at apex, forming two processes that are

tapered and curved ventrally for a short dis-

tance at tip ; dorsal portion of aedeagus with

a long slender apical process that curves

dorsally and extends almost to dorsal wall

of joined pygofers; basal lobe shorter,

pointed on caudal margin, and gradually

broadened to base by the sloping anterior

margin, which reaches base of dorsal por-

tion; apical two-thirds of styles almost par-

allel margined, scarcely notched before out-

wardly bent blunt apexes. Plates gradually

narrowed to bluntly pointed apexes.

This is a common species on herbaceous
plants in shaded wooded areas. It is found
in the East and Middle West.

Illinois Records.

—

White Heath:
Nov. 1.^, 1937, J. C. Dirks, 19. White

Pines Forest State Park: July 12, 1934j

DeLong & Ross, 4 nymphs.

2. lowanus dicentrtis (DeLong)

Texananus dkentrus DeLong (1939i, p. 236),'

Length 8.5 ram. Resembling majestus in

general form, appearance, and coloration.

Vertex bluntly, angularly produced, three-

fifths as long at middle as width between

eyes; a pair of conspicuous dark spots just

above apex ; transverse dark band between

eyes interrupted at middle, forming a right

angled triangular spot on either side, with

the base along median line. Pronotum with

dark median vermiculate markings just

back of vertex.

Male plates, figs. 431^, 4315, long, nar-

rowed to bluntly rounded apexes. Pygofers

shorter than plates, the caudal lobe of each

pygofer elongate and narrow. Ventral por-

tion of the aedeagus forked for about one-

fourth of its length at apex, each branch

conspicuously bifid at apex, bearing a prom-

inent dorsal and a ventral tooth; dorsal por-

tion of the aedeagus composed of a long

slender process that curves caudally and then

dorsally almost to the dorsal wall of the

joined pygofers, also a shorter dorsal proc-

ess arising at the base and tapered to a

blunt apex. Female unknown.

This species is known only from one male,

which was collected in Illinois.

Illinois Record.

—

Fern Cliff: Aug. 3,

1934, Mohr & DeLong, 1 <J .

3. lowanus borrori (DeLong)

Texananus borrori DeLong (1939/', p. 237).

Length 9.5 mm. Resembling inajestus in

form and coloration but with bent terminal

processes of aedeagus, which are more than

one-third as long as basal portion; it also

differs by having a long terminal lobe on

each pygofer. Vertex broadly, bluntly pro-

duced, almost twice as wide between eyes

as median length; dark spots on vertex

above apex faint; transverse band between

eyes dark, broad, interrupted at middle,

and each portion broadened at both ends,

the end next to either eye bifid. Pronotum
with the darker markings on anterior half.

Female seventh sternite with prominent

rounded lateral angles, between which the

posterior margin is concavely rounded on

either side of a rather long sharp-pointed



June. 194H DeLont;: Leafhoppers of Ii.i.inots 307

tooth produced on each side of a U-shaped

notch, the notch extending halt way to the

base of sternite. Male plates, figs. 430^^,

430B, long and slender, as long as pygofers.

Each pygofer bearing a long rather broad

caudal lobe; ventral portion of pygofer

short and robust. The apical third of

aedeagus bent abruptly ventrally, cleft, and

forming t«o long apical widely separated

spines; dorsal portion with a long slender

curved process from which arises an elon-

gate dorsal process at base.

This species is known only from Illinois,

( )hio, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. It occurs

1)11 rather shaded herbaceous growth in

xvoodland areas.

Illinois Record.

—

\Ve stern S i'Rincs :

.Aug. 16, 1935, G, T. Riegel, 1 <* .

4. lowaniis ctiductis (DeLong)

Trxananus caduais DeLong (1939A, p. 238).

Length of male 8.0 mm. ; female 9.0-9.5

mm. In form and coloration resembling

riiiijistiis but with apical lobe of each py-

gofer short, blunt, and not indented dor-

sally or ventrally at base. V'ertex broadly,

bluntly produced, more than half as long

at middle as basal width between the eyes

;

two small brown spots above apex; trans-

verse band on disc decidedly interrupted

at middle, forming a short band either side,

the end next to each eye widely bifurcate,

the middle portion narrowed, and the por-

tion next to the middle line greatly enlarged

caudally. Pronotum heavily infuscated on

anterior margin.

Figs. 429—432.

—

lon-unus. .-/, veiuial

(-iiitalia; (^, female seventh sternite.

spcct of male genitalia; li, lateral aspect uf maleasp



308 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ol. 24, Art. 2

Female seventh stcrnite closely similar to

that of majistiis and having a slightly pro-

chiL'cd blunt tooth on either side of a rather

narrow U-shaped notch reaching one-third

the distance to the base. Male plates, figs.

432.^, 4325, long, tapered to rather narrow

rounded apexes exceeding pygofers in length.

Pygofers with very short rounded caudal

lobes, which are not constricted or notched

at base. Ventral portion of aedeagus long,

apical fourth bent abruptly ventrally and

cleft, forming two apical processes, which

are each more slender than basal aedeagus

body, and they are separated; dorsal portion

of aedeagus with a long curved slender ven-

tral process, from the base of which arises a

short broader dorsal process.

Recorded from Oklahoma, Tennessee,

and Illinois, this is a woodland species oc-

curring on herbaceous vegetation. It is un-

common in Illinois.

Illinois Records.—High Knob: Oct. 3,

1934, Prison & Ross, IS. Anvil Rock:

Oct. 3, 1934, 15, 29, Prison & Ross.

'

Havana: Nov. 8, 1912, 1 § ; Aug. 8, 1934,

Prison & Mohr, 2$, 19. Pern Cliff:

Aug. 3, 1934, Prison, Ross, Mohr, & De-

Long, 1 $ .

88. FIEBERIELLA Signoret

Fieberiella Signoret (1880, p. 67).

Figs. 223, 239Z). Broad, robust, vertex

flat, more than one-half again as wide be-

tween eyes as median length; anterior mar-

gin sharp, acutely angled with front. Pace

almost as broad as long. Elytra broad,

opaque, flaring at tip.

This genus contains a single North

American species, apparently imported from

Europe.

1. Fieberiella florii (Stal)

Selenocephalus florii Stal (1864, p. 67).

Phlepsius atropunctatus DeLong (1923, p. 131).

Length 7.0-7.2 mm. Dull yellowish,

densely irrorate with minute round black

spots. Face with two heavy black bands

sometimes fused just below vertex margin.

Female venter milky white, seventh ster-

nite and pygofers brownish, marked with

black spots. Vertex flat, one-half to two-

thirds wider between eyes than median

length, a little shorter than pronotum, an-

terior edge sharp.

Female seventh sternite three and one-

half times the length of preceding; side

margins strongly curved, covering lateral

plates; lateral angles rounded and promi-

nent; posterior margin sinuately concave,

with a central shallow notch. Male plates,

fig. 243, longer than combined width at

base, rather broad, gradually narrowed two-

thirds their length, then suddenly constricted

and produced; plates greatly exceeded by

pygofers, which are keeled at middle.

Known from Connecticut and Illinois,

this is a rather common species on shrubs

and has been taken from ornamental plant-

ings on the University of Illinois campus,

at private homes, and in park areas.

Illinois Records.—Alton: July 27, 1934,

DeLong & Ross, \£. Urbana: Aug. 8,

1932, 1 9 ; July 29, 1934, T. H. Prison,

4 5 ; Aug. 12, 1934, T. H. Prison, 1 <J , 2 9 ;

Aug. 16, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 i ;
Sept.

16, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 9 .

89. ACINOPTERUS Van Duzee

Achnopterus Van Duzee (1892^, p. 307).

Fig. 212. Head narrower than pronotum,

somewhat produced. Pronotum broad and

rather short, anterior edge arcuate, sides

long. Each elytron narrow, without appen-

dix, apex sharply angled; nervures strong.

Beamer & Lawson (1938) record 26

species and varieties for the United States.

All are western in distribution, but one

species, acuminaius, is also found in the

East. It occurs in Illinois.

1. Acinopterus acuminatus Van Duzee

Acinopterus acuminatus Van Duzee (1892i/, p.

308).

Length 5.0-6.5 mm. Varying in color

from dull brown to green or yellow,

with a sharp-pointed apex at each elytron.

Head pale, pronotum variable, usually

darker. Elytra fulvous, apex of each dark,

nervures pale, often with disc of costa and

discal areoles of corium whitish, hyaline;

claval suture brown. Vertex short, convex.

Female seventh sternite moderately long,

posterior margin with a shallow median

notch, lateral lobes broadly rounded. Male

plates long and narrow, pygofers twice

length of plates.

Transcontinental in distribution, this is a

very abundant species on grasses and herba-

ceous plants in pastures, meadows, and

wooded areas.



June, 194S DeLong: Leafhoi'I'f.rs of Illinois 309

Illinois Records.—.Many males ami fe-

males, taken June 5 to September 27, are

from Anvil Rock. Cave in Rock. Danville,

Dixon Sprinj;s, Dubois, Eichorn. Elizabeth-

town, Equality, Fairfield, Golconda, Grand
Tower, Hardin, Havana, Karnak, Keiths-

burg, La Rue. .Marshall, .Meredosia, Mon-
ticello, Muncie. Oquawka, Pike, Ripley,

Rosiclare, St. Anne, Shawneetown, Ursa,

Vienna, and White Heath.

90. BANDARA I5all

BanJara Ball (1931rt, p. 93).

\'erte.\ almost flat, wider than long, mar-
gins nearly parallel, anterior margin thick

and unusually accentuated by markings
above and below; vertex definitely angled

«ith front. There is sometimes a second
cross nervure between the sectors of the
elytra.

Six species arc included in this genus by
Knull (1946); five of them occurring cast

of the Great Plains region, and the sixth,

(inimana (Ball), is known only from Colo-
rado. Two are known from Illinois and
the three additional eastern ones may be
looked for in future collecting.

Ke\' to .Sl'ECIES

1. F.lytra unicolorous, without spots

5. aurata
F.lvtra with round or oval pale spots 2

2. Males 3
Females f,

3. .-^edeagus having a large preapica! dorsal
process, partly membranous, both proc-

C-W^ PARALLELA

CURVATA AURATA X''

PARALLELA

Kj^y -~
'

—

"

^

CURVATA CURVATA INFLATA INFLATA

Fiji. 433.

—

Biiruliini; A-E, female seventh sternite; F-U, ventral ami lateral views of male

genitalia. (Adapted from Knull.)



.510 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ol. 24. An. 2

ess and apex hroad, the latter cleft at Ohio. It may be found in Illinois with ad-

tip, fig. 433.1/ 2. curvata ditional collecting.
Aedeagus having small processes or none

at apex, fig. 433/ 4 o o j . i^ n
4. Ba.se of aedeagus with long lateral proc- 2. Bandara curvata Knull

esses, fig. 433/; pygofer process slender

and minute 1- johnsoni Bandara curvata Knull (1946, p. 260).

Base of aedeagus with short lateral proc-
, .u i c c n d \..\- ,

c ^iT^ „ .„„<•„- ^.-„.. J^engtn 4.i-i.0 mm. Resembling johiismn
esses, fig. 4330, or none; pygoter proc- .

^
, ,

ess stout 5 "1 general appearance and color pattern. A
5. Tip of aedeagus straight and simple; dark line just beneath vertex margin and

pygofer process nearlyas long as apical ,1^ jj^^k spots just above. Pronotum with
segment of aedeagus, ng. 4330 • , -^ j- i uv -^^ j i »^

3 inflata three longitudinal white vittae, and elytra

Tip of aedeagus curved, subdivided into " ith white areolar spots as in johnsoni.

small processes; pygoter process short. Female seventh sternite, fig. 433C, rounded
less than a fourth as long as apical ^^ i^fg^al angles; posterior margin slightly
segment ot aedeagus, ng. 433/" . ^ r u ^ i^L^ 4 parallela emarginate, a pair or short proximal teeth

6. Apex of seventh sternite having a pair of at middle. Male plates tapered to blunt

small, finger-like lobes, figs. 433^f and rounded apexes. Styles rather long, apexes
'*-^-'^-;

;
.......,......./ narrow, blunt. Aedeagus, fig. 43371/, broad

Apex of seventh sternite having broad , ., ,. r attt j

lobes or only a shallow emargination, =it base; in lateral view, fig. 433L, it extends

figs. 433S and 433£ 8 dorsally and curves anteriorly, apex bifid

7. Apical "fingers" of seventh sternite vvith the two portions usually appressed; a

separated by an incision over twice as
p,.ocess arises at about the middle on the

deep as the length of the finger, fig. ^ . . . in
^j-j// 1 johnsoni dorsoanterior margin and curves dorsally

Mesal incision of seventh sternite no and anteriorly.

deeper than length of "fingers," fig. This species occurs on herbaceous or
433C curvata

shrubby vegetation in open woodland in the
8. Seventh sternite having a broad, emargi- ^ _., . , _ , .

nate mesal process, fig. 433£. .3. infJata eastern United States and west to Iowa.

Seventh sternite having a narrow, emar- Illinois Records.

—

Apple River Cax-
ginate mesal process, fig. 4335 yqn State Park: Tuly 11, 1934, DeLong

4. parallela ^ j^^^^^ j^^ Dongola: Aug. 23, 1916, 1?.

Dubois: Aug. 8-9, 1917, 32. St. Joseph:
1. Bandara johnsoni (Van Duzee) July 30, 1934, T. H. Prison, Jr., 19.

Shawneetown: June 27, 1936, DeLong &
Euteltix johnsoni Van Duzee (1894<7, p. 137).

y^^^^^^ j j Urbana: Aug. 9, 1920, J. R.

Length 4.8-5.2 mm. Orange yellow, with Malloch, 1 i . Vienna: June 14, 1934, De-

six black dashes above margin of vertex J>ong & Ross 2 i , 19.
and an interrupted line beneath; posterior

margin of vertex, three stripes on pronotum,

and numerous oval spots on the elytra milky

white. Corium without supernumerary

veinlets. Female seventh sternite, fig. 433/^,

narrowed at half its length and produced to

a roundedly emarginate posterior margin,

which is rather deeply, narrowly incised at

middle to a slightly produced tooth on either

side of incision on posterior margin. Male
plates, fig. 4337, convexly narrowed to

bluntly pointed produced apexes. Aedeagus
in ventral view, fig. 433/, curved at base,

forming a spine on each outer margin; shaft

bifid at apex. In lateral view, fig. 433A',

a broad dorsal projection arises near middle

and extends back even with base. Styles

broad at base, short, tapered to slender

pointed apexes.

This species occurs in the eastern states

and is known to extend as far west as

3. Bandara inflata Knull

Bandara inflata Knull (1946, p. 262).

Length 5.0-5.5 mm. In general appear-

ance and color pattern resembling johnsoni

but usually more orange in color. Female

seventh sternite, fig. 433-E, short, truncate,

median third abruptly produced, forming a

broad lobe which is broadly, shallowly in-

dented at middle. Male styles, fig. 4330,

narrowed at apexes, blunt and divergent,

gradually narrowed from bases to rather

broad blunt rounded apexes. Aedeagus,

fig. 433N, curved dorsally, apex divided,

forming two divergent attenuate spines; a

pair of short spines arise near base on lateral

margins.

This species has been recorded from Ohio

and North Carolina, and may eventually

be found in Illinois.



June. 1948 DeLong: Leaf}iopi>i;rs of Illinois 311

4. Bandara ptirallela Kiuill

Bandara piiiiilliiii Knull (1946, p. ^63).

Len};th 4.2-5.0 mm. Resembling curvatii

ill general form, color, and appearance, but

usually darker in color. Female seventh

sternitc, fig. 43.?^, with rounded lobelike

lateral angles between which the posterior

margin is broadly, rather deeply emarginate,

with a broad short spatulate process at its

ape.\ ; process slightly notched at apex and
produced to same length as lateral angles.

Male plates, fig. 4,v?/-', long, convexly

rounded to blunt apprcsscd apexes. Styles

elongate, with broad blunt rounded apexes.

Aedeagus, fig. 433G, curved dorsally, with
two pairs of lateral processes arising near

apex.

This is a common species in the eastern

United States.

Illinois Records.

—

Dixon Springs:
June 24, 193b. DeLong & Ross, 1 5 . Ullin :

-May 26. 1932, H. L. Dozier, I 9.

5. Bandara aurata (Ball)

Eiilettlx aurata Ball (1909rt, p. 81).

Length 4.0-4.5 mm. Small, golden yellow

or slightly darker, with a pair of narrow
black lines along margin of vertex. Elytra

golden, subhyaline, without white spots.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 433Z), narrow-

on lateral margins, posterior margin angu-

larly produced to a blunt apex. Male plates,

fig. 433/, long, slender on apical halves,

apexes narrow, appressed. Styles short,

broad at bases, sloping to broad apexes,

which are pointed on inner margins. Aedea-
gus, fig. 433//, narrow, curved dorsally, then

anteriorly beyond the base, apex divided into

two long divergent processes.

1 his species is associated with pine in the

Ohio River valley and the eastern portion

of the United States. In Illinois we have

not found this species on native pines but

there is a possibility that it may become
established in the extensive areas of pines

that are being planted in the reforestation

and national forest projects.

91. EUTETTIX Van Uuzee

Eulcltix Van Duzee (n92d, p. 307).

Head short, slightly conical, transversely

depressed, slightly sloping. Elytra moder-
ately long, usually slightly flaring. Venation
simple, one cross nervure between the sec-

tors; elytra without supernumerary veir-
lets, or ramose lines, and without pigment
bands.

The species of this genus are mostly shrub
feeders and occur on oak and probably other
shrubby growth, chiefly in the western
states. Hepner (1942) records 38 species

for the United States, 7 of which occur in

Illinois.

Kf.v to Species

1. Flytra usually dark in color, if light with a
paler spot near apex of clavus; color
pattern usually evident 2

Flytra light, white to fulvous, usually
about the same throughout, without a
light spot near apex of clavus 6

2. I'ronotum with a distinct dark band near
posterior margin 3

I'ronotum without a distinct dark band
near posterior margin 5

.5. Flytra semihyaline, fulvous, sometimes
slightly clouded along margin of clavus

1. tristis
Flytra not fulvous semihyaline, either
opaque or spotted with opaque areas. .4

4. Male 5.5 mm. or more in length, female at

least 7.0 mm. in length: vertex and
scutellum usually orange; ventral fork
of each pygofer hook, tig. 434B, greatly
widened on outer half 2. pediculus

.Male and female less than 5.5 mm. and
7.0 mm., respectively; vertex and scutel-

lum white to yellow; ventral fork of
each pygoter hook, fig. 4346', not
greatly thickened on outer half

3. pictus
5. Scutellum pale, with dark basal angles;

pygofer hooks, fig. 434D, bifid

4. luridus
Scutellum darker, orange to fulvous, basal

angles unicolorous; pygofer hooks, fig.

434£, not bifid 5. marmoratus
'>. Male more than 5.0 mm. in length, and

female more than 5.5 mm. in length;

ventral fork ot each pygofer hook, fig.

434./, about as wide as dorsal forks . .

6. variabilis

Male and female less than 5.0 mm. and
5.5 mm. in length, respectively; ventral

fork of each pygofer hook, fig. 434/",

much narrower than dorsal forks

7. querci

1. Eutettix tristis Ball

Eittrttix suhaenca var. tristis Ball (1907, p.

34).

Length of male 5.5 mm.; female 6.5 mm.
Resembling pirtus in general color, but

paler and with dorsal fork of each pygofer

hook extending as far as ventral fork. Ver-

tex more than twice as wide as length at

middle, almost parallel margined, transverse

furrow shallow; vertex yellow, with two



312 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J ol. 24, Art. 2

large dark spots along anterior margin usu-

ally separated by a narrow yellow line, and

with a wide daric band covering most of

posterior halt. ScutcUum yellow; elytra

semihyaline fulvous, with paler spots at

apex of each clavus. Frons yellow, with two

large blacic basal spots.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin almost straight on either side of a

tcx, pronotum, scutellum, and frons yellow,

with dark markings, which include a spot

on disc of frons; two large spots, each en-

closing an ocellus, covering anterior half

of vertex and basal portion of frons; spots

separated at rniddle by a narrow light line;

a broad band across posterior half of prono-

tum.

Female seventh sternite with the posterior

LURIDUS MARMORATUS

Fi]^. 434.

—

Eutcttix. A-F, male genitalia.

QUERCI

produced median lobe. Each male pygofer

hook bifid, bent near base, widest near mid-

dle, apex pointed; ventral fork widest near

base, extending about as far as dorsal fork,

pointed at apex; aedeagus almost parallel

margined to outer third, narrowing to a

bluntly pointed apex, which bears a pair of

short processes on dorsal margin.

Recorded previously from the eastern

states, this species has been taken in Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Alton : June 26,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 <? . Ashley: Aug.

7, 1917, 19. Dubois: Aug. 8-10, 1917,49.
Grafton : along river, June 26, 1934, De-
Long & Ross, 19. Meredosia: Aug. 19,

1917, 19.

2. Eutettix pediculus Hepner

Eutcttix prdiciitus Hepiicr (1942, p. 273).

Length of male 5.75 mm.; female 7.0 mm.
Resembling pictus in general appearance but

larger and with distinctive male genitalia.

Vertex about twice as wide between eyes

at base as median length, almost parallel

margined, transverse furrow shallow. Ver-

margin almost straight on either side of a

prominent median lobe. Male pygofer

hooks, fig. 434B, bifid, dorsal fork curved

abruptly near base, almost parallel margined

to pointed apex; ventral fork narrowest on

basal third, much broader near middle,

pointed at apex. Aedeagus almost parallel

margined on basal three-fifths, gradually

narrowing to a rounded apex, which bears

a pair of short processes on dorsal margin.

This species is known to occur in some

of the eastern states and in the Middle

West.

Illinois Records.— Elizabethtown :

July 8, 1935, Ross & DeLong, 1 specimen.

Rosiclare: July 5, 1935, Frison & Mohr, 1

specimen. St. Anne: Aug. 4, 1936, Frison

& Burks, 1<5. Thebes: July 11, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 2 specimens.

3. Eutettix pictus Van Duzee

Eutettix pictus Van Duzee (1892f, p. 301).

Eutcttix magnus Osborn (1900f, p. 395).

Length 5-6 mm. Elytra dark brown to

black, each with a yellow spot. Vertex,



June. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of li.i.ix;ois 313

pionotum, and SLUtclluin yellow. Anterior
halt of vertex and posterior halt of prono-
tiim black. Elytra shiny black; usually a

commissural spot on each clavus anterior to

ape.x, anil the anterior two-thirds of costal

margin pale yellow; spots often lacking in

dark male specimens. Face black, with a

broad yellow band beneath eyes. Female
seventh sternite with the posterior margin
broadly and concavely excavated, with a

median short blunt tooth. Each male pygo-

fer hook, tig. 4.UC bifid, with ventral fork

broader than and slightly longer than dorsal

fork, bent near base, gradually broadened
to outer third, apex pointed. Aedeagus
largest near middle, narrowing to a bluntly

pointed apex, which bears a pair of short

processes on dorsal margin.

This is one of the most brilliantly marked
of all the species of the genus. It is recorded

from the eastern states and has been taken

frcmi oak in different parts of Illinois.

Illinois Records.—.Males and females,

taken June 14 to November 19, are from
Alton, Ashley, Dubois, Grand Tower, Ha-
vana, Herod, Karnak, Makanda. Mcredosia,

Oquawka, St. .Anne, Shawnectown, and

White Heath.

4. Eutcttix luridtis (Van Duzee)

Tliamnntrllix luruiii \'ari Duzee (189(1/', p.

250).

Length 6 mm. X'ertex, pronotum, and
scutellum fulvous, elytra testaceous brown,
subhyaline on costal area, the commissural
spots on the apical half of each clavus and
often the apex of scutellum creamy yellow.

Face light brown, sutures darker. Female
seventh sternite roundedly produced, slightl)'

notched on either side of a short median
produced tooth. Each male pygofer hook,

fig. 4.U/). bifid, dorsal fork shorter than

ventral, gradually narrowed to form a sharp

apex; ventral fork slightly broader than

dorsal, almost parallel margined to a sharp

apex. Aedeagus largest at middle, narrow-
ing on apical third to a rounded apex ; in

ventral view appearing bifid on outer third.

This species, taken from oak shrubs, ap-

parently lives upon the host plant. It is

recorded only from the eastern states.

Illinois Records.—Males and females.

taken .-^pril .W to November 22, are from
Alto Pass, C'arlinvillc, Dubois, Metropolis,

Oakwood. Paris, Shawneetown, and White
Heath.

5. Eiitetlix marmoratus Van Duzee

EutetUx marmoratus Van Duzee (I892f d
302). '

^

Eutfttix imrria CJillette & Baker (1895 n
100). '

'

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Vertex yellow; with
a luie in the transverse depression, two spots
at apex, four spots along the base, and the
median impressed line testaceous. Prono-
tum with traces of six testaceous longitudi-
nal stripes. Elytra subhyaline, with testa-
ceous brown blotches, paler on costa ; usu-
ally a faint white or pale spot along com-
missural line on clavus; this obscured in

dark-colored males. Female seventh ster-

nite broadly excavated on either side of a
short median apical tooth. Each male pygo-
fer hook, lig. 4,U£, extending almost to

apex of pygofer, broadest on outer third.

Aedeagus almost parallel margined, with
a pair of slender apical processes about
one-third the length of the aedeagus shaft.

This species has been collected from oak
and is found in rather small numbers upon
that plant. It occurs in the eastern states

ami west to Colorado.

Illinois Records.

—

Alton: June 26,

I9.?4, DeLong & Ross, I specimen. Apple
River Canyon- State Park: July II, 19,?4,

DcLong & Ross, I specimen. Orecon :

-Aug. 2.?, 19.?5, 1 specimen.

6. Eutcttix variabilis Hepner

Kulctlix variahiUs Ilcpner (1942, p. 269).

Length of male 5.5 mm.; female 6.5 mm.
Resembling querci in general appearance,

but larger and with distinctive male geni-

talia. \'erte\ about twice as wide as length

at middle, almost parallel margined, trans-

verse furrow usually distinct. \'ertex, pro-

notum, and scutellum pale to darker yellow;

males darker in color than females. Elytra

semihyaline, veins of elytra usually con-

colorous.

Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin excavated on each side of a median

lobe, which is sometimes notched at middle.

Each male pygofer, tig. AiAA, long, two-

thirds as wide at constriction as length from

there to pointed apex; each pygofer hook

bifid, dorsal fork curved ventrally just be-

yond middle and curved posteriorly near

apex, ventral fork barely reaching to margin

of pygofer, straight or slightly curved an-

teriorly. Aedeagus long, widest near base,



M4 Illinois Natural History Survey Bullrtin l'ol.24.Ari.2

then almost parallel niarjjlned throughout

its ieny;th to a pair of apical processes, which

arc about one-third the length of shaft.

This species was recorded previously only

tioni Arkansas.

lilinoi.-. Record.

—

Alton: June 26, 19,U,

DeLon- & Ross, 1 <J , .? 9 .

7. Eutettix qtierci Gillette & Baker

Eiililllx fjiinn CJillette & Baker (1895, p. 101).

Lenjith of male 4.75 mm.; female 5.5 mm.
Rather uniformly colored, with distinctive

male genitalia. Vertex about twice as wide

as median length, with a distinct transverse

furrow. Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum

yellowish green in the male, fulvous in the

female. Elytra semihyaline, fulvous in the

male, with veins darkened posteriorly, more

opaque in the female and tinged with green.

Female seventh sternite with the posterior

margin excavated on each side of a rounded

median lobe. Each male pygofer hook, fig.

4.HF, bifid, dorsal fork about twice as long

as ventral, almost parallel margined to outer

fourth, curved ventrally on outer fourth and

posteriorly on outer fifth; prominent teeth

along ventral margin; ventral fork slender

and straight to a pointed apex. Aedeagus

almost parallel margined throughout to a

pair of apical processes, which are about

one-third the length of the shaft, in ventral

view parallel margined and bifid on outer

sixth.

This species was recorded previously from

Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.

Illinois Records.

—

Alton: June 26,

19.H, DeLong & Ross, \S, 10 9. Gol-

conda: June 22, 1932, Ross, Dozier, &
Park, 1 i .

92. CHLOROTETTIX Van Duzee

C/ilnrolrltix Van Duzee {\S92d, p. 306).

Fig. 204. Vertex varying from broadly

rounded to bluntly angled and from a con-

dition where the anterior margins are ap-

proximately parallel, to a well-produced

vertex with the central portion much longer

than next to eyes. Venation of elytra sim-

ple. Front broad. Leafhoppers of this genus

are usually rather large in size, 6-8 mm.,

and are of some shade of pale green or

yellowish green. Comparatively few bear

color markings. They are closely related

to certain of the species formerly included

in the genus Thamnotcttix.

More than 50 described species of Clilorn-

liftix are now represented in the North
American fauna, and half of these have

already been taken in Illinois.

Key to Species ]

1. Vertex with a broad red marginal hand
between the eyes 1. rugicollis

Vertex uniform green or yellowish green,
without distinct red marginal band. . .2

2. Females 26
Males 3

3. Vertex with anterior margin rounded,
sometimes broadly rounded; length at

middle equaling or slightly exceeding
length next to eyes 4

Vertex with anterior margin distinctly but
bluntly angled, length at middle de-

cidedly greater than next to eyes. ... 16

4. Dark in color, smoky, brownish or sordid
green S

Lighter in color, some shade of pale green
or yellow 9

5. Vertex with a broad transverse brown band
between eyes; elytra dark brown,
nervures pale, appearing striped

2. necopinus
Vertex without a transverse band be-

tween eyes 6

6. A broad heavy ventrally directed spine
arising on the middle of each caudal
pygofer margin, fig. 435; apex of aedea-

gus gradually broadened, with a short

straight process on each outer margin. .

3. fumidus
Pygofer spine shorter and narrower,

arising on ventrocaudal portion of each
pygofer, as in fig. 440 7

7. F.ach pygofer spine, fig. 440, narrow, about
uniform in width, curved dorsally;

aedeagus foot shaped, with the toe

turned upward 4. fallax

Each pygofer spine broad at base, tapered

to slender apex, curved ventrally, as in

figs. 438,439 ; 8

8. Aedeagus in lateral view, fig. 438, nar-

rowed on apical third, apical processes

curved but not branched
5. tergatus

.Aedeagus in lateral view, fig. 439, not

narrow before apical processes, which
are branched 6. melanotus

9. Vertex with a darker blotch on either side

of apex. A smoky to bronze trilobate

stripe extending along the claval wing
margin. Male aedeagus, fig. 442, with

short rather broad bifurcate processes

at apex 7. suturalis
Vertex without dark blotches; elytra not

marked by a sutural stripe 10

10. Male plates longer than combined basal

width, tapered to acute apexes, as in

fig. 441 ...II

Male plates shorter, combined width at...

base equaling twice their length, apexes

broadly, convexly rounded, as in fig.

447 15

11. Terminal filamentous aedeagus processes

bifurcate or branched, as in fig. 441 ....

12



June. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers or Illinois 315

Figs. 435—1-42.

—

C/iloroliltix. male genitalia. A, ventral aspect; li, lateral aspect; C, apical

poriiiin of aeilcagus.



316 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24. Art. ZiI
'reiminal filamentous aedeagus processes

not branched or bifurcate 13

12. Styles, fig. 441, extending beyond plates,

conspicuous as black processes. Plates

produced as narrow tips. Aedeagus with

bifurcate slender terminal processes

three times the length of the body of

aedeagus 8- Hmosus
Styles, fig. 443, shorter, not visible beyond

plates, .\pexes of plates more pointed

and not so greatly produced. Aedeagus
with bifurcate terminal processes that

are less than twice the length of the

body of aedeagus 9. spatulatus

13 Aedeagus with a pair of very short proc-

esses between the longer processes at the

end of the body of aedeagus, outer

processes more than half as long as body
of aedeagus, as in fig. 445 14

Aedeagus, fig. 444, without short proc-

esses between terminal processes of

aedeagus body; terminal processes not

more than half as long as body of

aedeagus 10. obsenus
14. 'rcrminal aedeagus processes, fig. 445,

decidedly shorter than aedeagus body
11. bre\idus

Terminal aedeagus processes, fig 446,

at least as long as body of aedeagus
12. unicolor

15. b'ach male plate, fig. 447, broader at base

than long. Each style short, broad,

broadly truncate at apex
13. viridius

l''ach male plate, fig. 440, more broadly

and convexly rounded at apex, length

equaling basal width. Kach style long,

broad, notched on outer margin near

apex, which is abruptly narrowed and
sharp pointed 4. fallax

16. Vertex usually with a distinct brown me-
dian transverse band between eyes

14. lusorius
Vertex without a transverse brown band .

17

17. L'niformly bronze iridescent in color

15. iridescens
Not bronze iridescent, usually lighter,

some shade of green or yellow 18

IS. Styles distinctly notched on outer margins
near apexes, forming a straight or

curved finger-like process on inner mar-
gin, as in fig. 451 19

Styles not notched on outer margin near
apexes, gradually tapering to blunt
apexes, as in fig. 455 23

19. Terminal processes of aedeagus branched
or bifurcate 20

Terminal processes of aedeagus not
branched or bifurcate 22

20. Each pygofer, fig. 451, rounded caudally,
shallowly and concavely indented on
dorsal half 16. attenuatus

Each pygofer sloping obliquely from round-
ed ventrocaudal margin to produced
dorsocaudal margin, as in fig. 452. ... 21

21. .Epical processes, fig. 452, short, not ex-

ceeding one-third of ventral aedeagus
body, with very short lateral branches
on outer margins at middle, . . 17. balli

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

.A|iical processes, fig. 449, long, about
equaling length of ventral aedeagus
body; lateral branches about one-third

the length of apical processes and arising

about one-third the distance from base

18. filamentus
Finger process at apex of each style, fig.

453, curved outwardly, ape< of aedeagus
with two pro:esses . . 29. galbanatus

I'inger process at apex of each style, fig.

454, longer, straight; apex of aedeagMs
with four processes 19. dsntatus

Each pygofer, fig. 455, with two spines, a

conspicuous dorsal spine curved ventral-

ly and a conspicuous ventral spine

curved dorsally 21. borealis

Each pygofer, fig. 456, with not more than

one caudal spine 24

Each pygofer, fig. 456, sloj-iing on dorsal

and ventral surfaces to a bluntly

pointed apex, without a caudal spine. .

22. nudatus
Each pygofer with caudal spine, as in

fig. 457....
._

.25

.\ long spine, fig. 458, on dorsal margin of

each pygofer directed ventrally

23. vacunus
tK long straight spine, fig. 457, arising on

ventrocaudal margin of each pygofer and
directed caudad 24. tunicatus

Vertex with anterior margin rounded,

sometimes broadly rounded, length at

middle equaling or slightly exceeding

length next to eyes 27

Vertex with anterior margin distinctly but

bluntly angled, length at middle de-

cidedly greater than next to eyes. . , .37

Dark in color, smoky, brownish, or sordid

green 28

Lighter in color, some shade of pale green

or yellow 31

Vertex with a broad transverse brown band
between eyes; elytra dark brown,

nervures pale, appearing striped

2. necopinus
Vertex without a transverse band between

eyes 29

Length 7.5-8.0 mm 3. fumidus
Length not over 7.0 mm 30

Sordid green; northern in distribution. . . .

5. tergatus
Usually darker, tinged with black; south-

ern in distribution 6. melanotus
Seventh sternite deeply notched on either

side of a central spatulate process ex-

tending from apex of notch, as in fig.

459C.r 32

Seventh sternite notched or excavated but

without a spatulate process, as in fig.

460G ...35
Spatulate process of seventh sternite cleft

at apex, fig. 460A^ 8. Hmosus
Spatulate process not cleft at apex, fig.

459C 9. spatulatus
Seventh sternite deeply, broadly notched,

each side of notch bearing a lateral me-

dian tooth, fig. 460G 13. viridius

Seventh sternite broadly, concavely

rounded or notched but without teeth

on lateral margin 34



June. 1948 DeLonc: Leafhopi'ers of Illinois

101

317

Fi^s. 443-451.

—

Chliiriileltix, male genitalia. A, ventral aspect; li, lateral aspect; C, apical
portion of aedeagus.



318 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I'ol. 24, Art. 2

34. Vertex with a darker blotch on either side

of apex; a smoky to bronze trilobate

stripe extending along the claval margin
of each elytron 7. suturalis

Vertex without dark blotches; elytra not

marked by sutural stripes 35

35. Seventh sternite broadly, concavely
rounded with a narrow V-shaped notch

at apex, the entire concave margin dark
brown, fig. 459£ 4. fallax

Seventh sternite broadly, angularly ex-

cavated, side of notch sloping to a nar-

row V-shaped notch at apex, as in fig.

460A/ 36
36. Length 6.5-7.0 mm., darker green, veins

dark green 10. obsenus
Length 7.5-8.0 mm., usually yellowish

green in color

12. unicolor, 11. brevidus

37. Vertex usually with a distinct brown me-
dian transverse band between eyes

14. iusorius
Vertex without a transverse brown band. .

^ 38
38. LIniformly bronze iridescent in color

15. iridescens
Not bronze iridescent, usually lighter,

some shade of green or yellow 39
39. Seventh sternite deeply notched each side

of a median spatulate process, which is

produced from the apex 40
Seventh sternite without a spatulate

process 41

40. Spatulate process, fig. 459.-^, short and
broad

16. attenuatus
Spatulate process, fig. 460£, longer, more

slender 17. balli

Figs. 452—458.

—

Chlorolettix, male genitalia. J, ventral aspect; B, lateral aspect; C, aedeagus.



Jun,-. 1948 DeLong: Lkafhoi'pers of Illinois 319

41. Seventh sternite, tiy. 459B, roundcdiy
produced, with a small median notch
and a lartjer one on either side forming
a pair ot short hlunr approximate teeth

19. dentatus
Seventh sternite notched or elevated, not

produced, and without produced teeth

^ 42
42. Seventh sternite appearing somewhat

truncate, with a deep notch at middle. .

, 43
Seventh sternite not appearing truncate,

but notched or excavated from the
rather narrow lateral angles 44

43. Posterior margin of seventh sternite, fig.

459D, slightly indented between pos-
terior angles, with a broad V-shaped
notch at middle extending two-thirds
the distance to base 21. borealis

Posterior margin, fig. 4(>0C, slightly, con-
vexly rounded either side of a deep
narrow U-shaped notch extending two-
thirds the distance to base

20. galbanatus
44. Length not over 6.5 mm 45

Length 7.0 mm. or more 46
45. Lateral margins ot notch of seventh

sternite, fig. 460/, evenly, convexly
narrowed, apex pointed

23. vacunus
Lateral margins of notch, fig. 460/, con-

cavely rounded near posterior margin of
sternite, then convexly rounded to a

rounded apex 25. distinctus
4'i. Seventh sternite, fig. 460A', with posterior

margin in the form ot a brace sign,

broadly concave, with a short median
notch, the entire margin heavily em-
browned 22. nudatus

Seventh sternite, fig. 460Z., with posterior
margin broadly, concavely rounded with
a brown V-shaped spot at apex . .

24. tunicatus

1. CItlorotettix nigicollis Ball

Chloiotitlix niguollis Ball (19U3, p. 230).

Leni;th 7 mm. Pale y;reen, resembling

spaluliitus but with a broader vertex and a

conspicuous red or pale orange transverse

band on the margin of the vertex and front

between the eyes; specimens from the Gulf
of Mexico area arc more darkly marked.

The elytra of the males are often tinged with

ta« ny brown. \'erte\ broadly rounded, only

slightly longer at middle than next to eyes,

about two and one-half times wider than

long, evenly rounded to front.

lemale seventh sternite deeply and tri-

angularly e.xcavated, with a strap-shaped

tooth similar to that in spatulatus e.xtending

posteriorly from the apex of excavation.

.Male plates, fig. 4.^6, long, triangular. Style

elongate, triangular, gradually sloping from

base to narrowed produced linger-like apex.

Aedeagus with four long processes at apical
end that are bent dorsally; basal third of
aedeagus also curved dorsally, the sides
nearly parallel.

This species is a common grass association
: pecies in Florida and along the Gulf Coast

BOREALIS

Fi|5. 459.

—

C/ilorolitlix.

talia.

FALLAX

./-/;, female geni-

and southern Atlantic Coast. Its occurrence

in the old lake basin south and west of Chi-

cago is unusual and interesting, but it is

found in an association with several other

Florida species of leafhoppers.

Illinois Records.

—

Alsip: Aug. 2,^ 19J4,

DeLong & Ross, bi, 75. Evergreen
P.-xrk: Aug. 2.?, I9,?4, DeLong & Ross, 42 i ,

52 5. Gibsonla: Oct. 2. I9.U, DeLong &
Ross, 1 5 . O.AK L.xwN : in lamp globe, Aug.

22, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 36 i , 119.
Oqu.awka: scrub oak, July 3, 1934, DeLong
& Ross, 1 ,5 , I 9 . St. Anne: July 20, 1934,

DeLong & Ross, I <5 ; Aug. 21, 1934, De-

Long & Ross, Hi, 79. Summit: July 17,

1935, DeLong & Ross, 5 <J . 59. W.auke-
GAx: Aug. 24-26, 1917, 5i. Ziox: July

16, 1936, DeLong & Ross, 1 6



320 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I'ol. 24. Jrf. 2

NUDATUS TUNICATUS UNICOLOR

Fig. 460.

—

CIdorotettix. A-N , female genitalia.



Jiiiu. I'US DeLoxc: Lkafhoi'I'Ers of Illin- ois 321

2. Chlorotettix nccophius \'an Duzee 4. C/ilorotettix falliix Sanders & Del.

Clilurutetlix itecopiniis \'an Duzce (1895, p.

282).

Length 6.5-7.5 mm. Greenish testaceous,

uith a broad transverse bhickish band on

disc between eyes, elytra fuscous brown,

with white nervures. Posterior margin ot

seventh sternite of female, fig. 460,^, deeply

ami rather broadly incised nearly to its base.

Male plates, fig. 4.?7, broad at bases, sud-

denly constricted and then produced, tips

divergent. Aedeagus in ventral view greatly

broadened at apex ; in lateral view narrowed
toward apex, with a long spine on either

side directed dorsally and extending to dor-

sal margin of pygofer, which is bruadlv

rounded caudally. Styles rather short, broad

at bases, tapered to pointed apexes that are

convergent.

h common species in grassy meadows in

the southern United States, lUiOpinus oc-

curs in the southern part of Illinois in

wooded grassy areas.

Illinois Records.—.Males and females,

taken June 14 to October 2, are from Cave
in Rock, Dixon Springs, Eichorn, Elizabeth-

town. Eern Cliff, (jolconda, Herod, (ones-

boro. Mount Carnu-l, Shau iieetou ri, and

Vienna.

.1. Chlorotettix fiiiiiidus Sanders &
DeLong

Clilnrnlettix jumiilus Sanders i nd.ong (191'),

p. 237).
Chlorolrttix fiisiiis Brown (1933, p. 243).

Length 7.5-8.0 mm. Smoky green, re-

sembling lergatus in form and coloration.

Vertex produced, one-half longer at middle

than next to eyes and about t« ice as wide

as long. Elytra dark, smoky. Posterior

margin of female seventh sternite truncate

or slightly concave, with a broad deep medi-

an notch at middle extending two-thirds

the distance to base. Male plates, fig. 4.^5,

short and broad, convexly rounded to ap-

presscd tips. Aedeagus with apex broadened

and bearing a pair of dorsally directed proc-

esses on outer margins of broadened por-

tion. A heavy elongate spine arising from

caudoventral concavity of each pygofer and

curved ventrally.

This species is found in coarse grasses,

usually in marshy or swamp habitats. It is

recordeil only from Pennsylvania and Ten-

nessee.

ong

Chlorotettix fallax Sanders S: DeLonc (19'''
p. 94).

fc
^ ".

Chlorotrttix latifruns Sanders i DcLdiiir (19'"
p. 95).

*- —
Length 7.5-8.0 mm. Large, dull green-

ish yellow, with broadly rounded vertex,
twice as wide as long, and elytra smoky at
apexes. Female seventh sternite, fig. 459/:,',

with posterior margin strongly, concavely
excavated half way to base, with a V-
shaped notch at middle extending entirely
to base; posterior margin and notch broadly
bordered with dark brown. .Male plates,
tig. 440, strongly, convexly rounded, semi-
circular in outline, width of plates at bases
together twice their length. Each pygofer
sloping ventrally and dorsally to bluntly
pointed apex, a long, curved spine arising

from ventrocaudal margin. Aedeagus foot

shaped, with the toes turned upwards. Each
style rather broad, notched near base on
inner margin and near apex on outer mar-
gin, abruptly sloping from both margins to

form pointed apex.

1 his species occurs on the coarse sedges
of both the fresh-water and salt marsh. It

\vas first described from specimens taken at

the margin of the salt marsh in Virginia

and from the Gulf Coast of Mississippi,

also from specimens taken in the heart of

the Elorida everglades. In Illinois it occurs

in the marsh habitat of the Chicago area.

Illinois Records.

—

Oak Lawn: in lamp
globe, Aug. 22, 19.U, DeLong & Ross, I 9 ;

Sept. 6, 19.?5, T. H. Erison. 2i, 49.
Oou.wka: July .^0, 19.^6, Mohr & Hurks,

19. Summit: Aug. 21, 19.55, DeLong &
Ross, 1 9 . Waukecan : Aug. 5, 1935, Ross

& DeLong, 1 9 .

5. Chlorotettix tergatiis (l'"itch)

Bylhoscopus tirt/iiliis Kitch (1851, p. 58).

Length 7 mm. Large, sordid green,

round headed, without definite color mark-

ings, Pronotum and scutellum often washed

uith yellowish green. Elytra usually smoky.

Vertex slightly longer at middle than next

to eyes, a little more than twice as wide

as long.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 460/', t«ice

as long as preceding, posterior margin with

a broad V-shaped notch extending half way
to the base, lateral lobes rounded. Male



322 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J' ol. 24, Art. 2

plates, fig. 438, large, broad, covering pygo-

fers, apexes broad, obtuse. Aedeagus in

lateral view broad at middle, with a slender

anteriorly and dorsally directed anterior

third; posterior third narrowed, curving

dorsally; ape.x with a transverse portion

bearing a pair of divergent, spinelike proc-

esses on its outer margins, each process sinu-

ate.

This is a common northern swamp and

bog species, and so far is not known to occur

in any of the southern states. It is found

in the tall coarse grass and sedge association

in swampy areas or at the margins of tama-

rack-sphagnum bogs.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 27 to October 6, are from

Algonquin, Alton, Antioch, Beach, Cedar,

Dixon Springs, Dolson, Golconda, Grafton,

Grand Detour, Herod, Jonesboro, Kansas,

Karnak, McHenry, Monticello, Normal,

Oak Lawn, Olive Branch, Palos Park,

Princeton, Quincy, Urbana, Vienna, Volo,

and Waukegan.

6. Chlorotettix melanotus DeLong

CJilornlrtlix tergatus var. melanotus DeLong
(1916, p. 84).

Length 7.5 mm. Dark green, resembling

tergatus so closely in coloration and struc-

tural characters that the two can scarcely

be distinguished by external characters.

Usually melanotus is darker in color. Male
genitalia, fig. 4.^9, and female seventh ster-

nite very similar to those of tergatus. Aedea-

gus with an enlarged basal portion from
which arises a short anterior process di-

rected dorsally; a posterior process of about

the same length extends dorsally and is

bifurcate at apex, with a curved slender por-

tion arising on the outside of each bifurcate

piece near its apex. Each pygofer spine

arises ventrally as in tergatus but is much
smaller; curved, and not sinuate as in that

species.

The habitat and distribution pattern of

this species are entirely different from those

of tergatus. This species occurs abundantly

in wet pastures and meadows and is some-
times a hillside species in the southern states

or southern portions of states just north of

the Ohio River.

Illinois Records.

—

Dolson: July 24,

19.^6, DeLong & Mohr, 29. Karnak:
July 10, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 29.

7. Chlorotettix suturalis DeLong

Chlorotettix suturalis DeLong (1916, p. 85).

Length 7.5 mm. Pale green or yellowish,

with a median brown line, sometimes only

faintly visible, extending along commissur:d

line of each elytron. Vertex bluntly angled.

Posterior margin of female seventh sternite,

fig. 4bOB, broadly, deeply notched more than

half way to base, the sides dark brown.

Male plates, fig. 442, broad and long, con-

vexly narrowed to rounded tips. Aedeagus

in lateral view with a long dorsally di-

rected bifid process, each portion of which

is bifurcate. Each pygofer with caudal

margin almost truncate, obliquely sloping

to slightly produced dorsal margin. Styles

notched on outer margins near apexes, form-

ing curved finger-like apexes arising on

inner margins and curved outwardly.

This is one of the more common species,

occurring in thickets of the cane, Arun-

dinaria tecta, which is commonly found in

the moist stream floodplains of the southern

fourth of the state. Field studies have indi-

cated that it is restricted to this plant host

and does not normally occur upon other

vegetation. This species was previously re-

ported only from Tennessee.

Illinois Records.

—

Herod: Aug. 4, 1934,

DeLong & Mohr, 2 i , 4 9 ; July 8-11, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 2 $ ; June 24, 1936, De-

Long & Ross, \$, 39. JoNESBORO: July

31, 1934, DeLong & Mohr, 19. Justice:

July 23, 1937, Mohr & Burks, 29. Norris

City: June 17, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 19.

Oquawka: July 3, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

19. Princeton: June 28, 1937, Ross &
Burks, 2i. Thebes: July 11, 1935, De-

Long & Ross, 5 <J , 49. Vienna: June 14,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 <? , 39
; July 29,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 <5 , 2 9; on cane,

July 10, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 2 <J , 3 9 .

8. Chlorotettix limosus DeLong &
CartWright

Chlorotettix limosus DeLong & Cartwright

(1926, p. 506).

Length 7-8 mm. Broad headed, yellowish

green. Posterior margin of seventh sternite

of female excavated half way to base on

either side of a prominent spatulate process,

the latter cleft at apex, cleft extending half

the distance of the excavation. Male plates,

fig. 441, rather long, convexly rounded two



June. I'US DeLoxc: Leafhoi'pers of Illinois 323

thirds their leiifith, then concavely rouiideil

to hlunt riiumlcil apexes. Aedeagus with
tuo hiturcate terminal processes formint;

tour long straight slender processes. Each
pygofer with a long dorsal produced lobe,

caudal margin slightly concave. Each style

long, apical half slender, produced beyond
lateral margin of plate near its apex.

Recorded previously only from Pennsyl-

vania, this species occurs in the fresh-water

marsh on coarse grasses in a mixed associa-

tion of grasses and sedges. It can easily be

distinguished by the long slender styles and
by the four long terminal processes of the

aedeagus.

Illinoi.s Records.

—

Dl\on Springs: July

9, 19.?5, DeLong & Ross, 1 9 ; June 24,

19,^6, DeLong & Ross, 1 S . Karnak: Aug.
8, 19,?4, DeLong & Mohr, 8 <5 , 10 9 ; July

10, 19.?5, DeLong & Ross, .? <} , 4$ . Shaw-
neetown: June 14, 19.U, DeLong & Ross,

19; June 2.5-27, I9.?6, DeLong, Ross, &
Mohr, 2<5, 119. Te.mple Hill: June 24,

1936, DeLong & Ross, U , 19. W.atsox :

Oct. 1, 19.U, Prison & Ross, 19. Wolf
Lake: July .?0, 19.U, DeLong & Mohr, 29 .

9. Chlorotfttix spatiilatiis Osborn & R.ill

C/iloroliltix spaliitalus Dsborn ^*;: Ball (1897,
p. 225).

Length 7 mm. Greenish yellow, broad
headed, female seventh sternite with spatu-

Inte process. Posterior margin of female
seventh sternite, fig. 4596', broadly notched

more than half way to base, apex of notch

hearing a spatulate process that extends

two-thirds the length of the notch. I\Lile

plates, fig. 44.5, broad at bases, acutely

pointed. Aedeagus with a pair of bifurcate

processes arising at apex, each of these with

a long inner branch curved inwardly and
an outer shorter branch arising some dis-

tance from apex of aedeagus body; short

branch curves laterally and is broadened at

middle. Each pygofer sloping on caudal

margin from curved ventral to produced

angled dorsal margin.

A common species of the northern Illi-

nois fresh-water marsh and wet meadow,
this species is also frequently found in moist

areas of the prairie. It occurs in Florida

and is widelv distributed in the Middle
West.

Illinois Records.— .Many males and fe-

males, taken June 1.5 to September .50, are

from Albion, Algonquin, Beach, Cache,
Clayton, Dcs Plaines, Evergreen Parle.

I'ulton, Meredosia, Oak Lawn, Princeton,
Rising Sun, St. Anne, Summit, Thomson,
Urbana, Waukegan, and Zion.

10. Chlorotfttix obscniis DeLong

Chtorotillix ohscnus DeLong (1937<-, p. 52).

Length 7-8 mm. Pale green, with broadly
rounded head. \'ertex not quite three times
as wide between eyes as median length, pro-
duced at middle about two-thirds its length
before anterior margins of the eyes. Female
seventh sternite with lateral margins pro-

duced about two-thirds their length, then
gradually and obliquely sloping to form
.iroduced lobes, between which the margin
is excavate<l about one-third the distance to

base; posterior margin gently sloping to the

central fourth, which is inore abruptly and
almost concavely notched ; base of the broad
V-shaped notch brownish. .Male plates, fig.

444, triangular, about as long as combined
basal width, greatly exceeded by pygofers.

Aedeagus, in ventral view, constricted at

about two-thirds its length, then bifurcate,

forming two slender terminal processes,

which are not more than half as long as the

basal portion.

Described from Illinois, this is a marsh
species occurring on coarse grasses in grass-

sedge habitats.

Illinois Records.

—

St. An'N'E: July 20.

19.54, DeLong & Ross, 1 i . ZiON :"

July 6,

19.52, Frison et ill., 19; July 25, 1934,

1' rison & DeLong. ^ i , 3 9.

11. Chlorotfttix brevidiis DeLong

Clilorolellix brcvidus DeLong (1937f, p. 52).

Length 6.5-7.0 mm. Bright green, tinged

with yellow, and with a broadly rounded

vertex, which is three times as wide between

eyes as length at middle. Female seventh

sternite with posterior margin shallowly

concave between a pair of broad slightly

produced lobes; between the inner pair the

segment is deeply notched more than one

third the distance to the base; sides of the

V-shaped notch arc straight and the apex

brownish. .Male plates, fig. 445, triangular,

sharply angled at apexes. V'entral margins

ot ninth sternite not overlapping but form-

ing a keel, which is conspicuous caudad of

the plates. Also the caudal notch in the



,^24 Illinois Natural History Survkv Bulletin Jol.24.Jrt.2'

pysofc near the posterior margin is shorter

and more sharply notched at base than in

iinirolur. Aedeagus is the same form and

type as in iiriit'jlor, but the terminal proc-

esses are proportionately shorter, in every

case being conspicuously shorter than the

basal portion of the aedeagus.

This species occurs on grasses of the sand

prairie. It is known only from Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Oak Lawn: sand

prairie, July 27, 1934, 1 2 . Thomson: sand

prairie, July 8, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 3 <J ,

69. Zion: luly 25, 1934, Frison & Lee,

13.

12. Chlorotettix uuicolor (Fitch)

Byihoscopus iinicolor Fitch (1851, p. 58).

Chtorolett'ix vanduzei Baker (nnd, p. 219).

Length 7.5 mm. Green or yellowish,

broad headed. Posterior margin of female

seventh sternite, fig. 460j'l/, broadly, shal-

lowly notched, narrowed and sharp at ape.x.

Male plates, fig. 446, broad at base, outer

margins of each concave on apical half,

apexes produced and divergent. Pygofers

deeply notched on caudal margins. A pair

of very short processes at end of body of

aedeagus; also a pair of long processes

arising and extending laterally, these proc-

esses as long as ventral portion of aedea-

gus body. Each style short, broad at base,

notched on outer margin near apex.

This is a large and common species in

the northern United States, occurring in the

fresh-water marsh and in coarse meadow
grasses.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 2 to August 24, are from

Apple River Canyon State Park, Beach,

Carman, Des Plaines, Evergreen Park, Fox
Lake, Fulton, Grand Detour, Harvard,

Palos Park, Princeton, St. Anne, Summit,

Volo, Wauconda, Waukegan, and Zion.

13. Chlorotettix viridius Van Duzee

Chlorotettix viridius Van Duzee (1892c/, p.

309).

Length 6-7 mm. Round headed, apple

green. Posterior margin of female seventh

sternite, fig. 460G, broadly excavated almost

to base, the sides of incisure interrupted at

middle by a short obtuse blackish tooth.

Male plates, fig. 447, nearly rectangular,

transverse, a little longer than valve, apexes

of plates slightly produced and divergent.

Aedeagus in lateral view constricted nea^
apex, forming a dorsally directed fingerf

like apex that appears bifid in caudal view|

Each style short, broad at base, slightly

narrowed between base and apex, which is'

again broadened and almost truncate. Pygo-

fers with long spines arising ventrally and

extending dorsally and caudally.

This is a common species of meadows,

pastures, and grassy areas in the eastern

and southern states and occurs abundantly

in portions of Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken March 11 to October 2, are

from Adair, Albion, America, Beardstown,

Bloomington, Carbondale, Carman, Cave

in Rock, Centralia, Dongola, Dubois, Du-
Quoin, Edgewood, Eichorn, Elizabethtown,

Evergreen Park, Fairfield, Fern Cliff, Ful-

ton, Geff, Golconda, Grafton, Harrisburg,

Havana, Herod, Homer, Kampsville, Kar-

nak, Lawrenceville, Macomb, Marshall,

Metropolis, Mount Carmel, Oquawka, St.

Anne, Shawneetown, Thebes, Urbana,

Vienna, Watson, and York.

14. Chlorotettix lusorius (Osborn &
Ball)

Tliainnotettix lusoria Osboni & Ball (189?

p. 226).

Length 7-8 mm. Olive brown, with a

faint crescentiform band before the eyes;

vertex produced, twice as wide as long.

Elytra with a dull reddish tinge. Posterior

margin of female seventh sternite, fig. 460//,

emarginate, with a broad angularly pointed

dark margined median tooth half as long

as the acutely rounded lateral angles. Male

plates, fig. 448, one-half longer than broad

at bases, outer margins thickened, apexes

bluntly pointed and strongly divergent.

Aedeagus with a short lateral process ex-

tending laterally on either side at apex.

Styles short, each broad at base and tri-

angular, with a short V-shaped notcli on

outer margin of each near apex. Each pygo-

fer a little longer on ventral than on dorsal

margin, two spines arising on ventral half.

This species is usually found in the her-

baceous growth of open woodland areas in

the northern United States and Canada.

It has been taken frequently in Illinois in

habitats of this type.

Illinois Records.—Males and femalesj

taken June 11 to Ocotber 2, are from Appl^

River Canyon State Park, Dolson, Herod,



Jane, 194S Df-Lonc: Leafiioim'krs of Illinois 325

Hopedale. Marshall, Monticello. .MimkIi'.

Oakuooil, Temple Hill, Urbana, ami White
Heath.

IS. Chtnriilttlix iiidescens DeLoivi

Cliloriilfttix iridesd'ns OcKcing (1^16, pp. 83,

86).

Length 7 mm. Bronze or hrowiiisli,

tinjieii with f;reen, appearin;; iridescent.

\ ertex one-third lonjier at middle than next

to eyes, more than twice as wide as lonj;.

lemale seventh sternite, fi^. 4bOD, broadly,

deeply excavated to base, sides of excavation

concave, convex near apex, forming long

rather sharply rounded lateral angles. Male
plates, tig. 450, broad and rather short.

convexly rounded, with bluntly angled

apexes. Styles long, apexes bluntly angled,

each broadly and concavely notched on outer

margin about one-third the distance from

apex. Aedeagus in lateral view with a dor-

sal anterior process, body curving ventrally

and caudally, apex bifid. Each pygofer con-

cave on caudal margin; spines arising on

ventrocaudal margin and hooked at the

apexes.

This species occurs in abundance in the

floodplain woods on grasses in a mixed

habitat of grasses, cane, violets, and similar

plants of the wet soils of this habitat. It

was previously reconled from Maryland

and Tennessee.

Illinois Records.

—

Be.ardstown : Sept.

I, 19.^9, Ross & Riegel. 2 <J , 19. Dixon
Si'RlNGS: July 29, 19.U, DeLong & Ross,

1 <5 , .? V . Herod: Aug. 4. 19.U, DeLong &
Ross, m <J , 36 9 .

16. CItloroli'ttix tittenuatus Hrown

Chlorotellix allfnuiitiis Hrown (1933, p. 241).

Length 6.75-7.0 mm. '^'ellowish green,

with dark eyes. X'ertex bluntly angled, one-

half longer at middle than next to eyes,

[•'emale seventh sternite, fig. 459.:/, with pos-

terior margin excavated to about one-half

the length of the segment and bearing a

short spatulate process, which is about as

wide as long. Male plates, fig. 451, broad

at bases, slightly narrowed to long acute

apexes, which about equal the pygofers.

Each style long and abruptly narrowed at

about middle, apical third spinelike and

curved outwardly. Aedeagus long in lateral

view, with an anterior dorsally curved

broadened portion; apex with a pair of short

dorsally curved processes, and a pair of

long processes extending dorsally and broad-
ly curved with pointed apexes directed ven-
1

1
ally; in ventral view with a pair of lateral

outwardly directed spines, from near tin-

' '.je of which a long tapering process arises

each side of middle and extends anteriorly,

with a recurved apex.

Described from Missouri, this species is

now recorded from Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

1)l\o\ Si'RINcs: |une

24. 19,^6, DeLong & Ross, M. K.\RN.\k:

July 10, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 2 9 . Sii.vw-

NEETOWN: June 23, 1936, DeLong & Ross,

8 <J , 25 9 .

17. Chloroletlix hulli Oshorn

C/ilurolrllix liiilli Osliorii (1898, p. 246).

Length 7.0-7.25 mm. Yellowish green.

Vertex angularly produced, one-half longer

at middle than next to eyes. I'emale seventh

sternite, fig. 460A', with a deep notch extend-

ing almost to the base and including a spatu-

late process; sides of process straight, lateral

margins angled. Male plates, fig. 452,

gradually narrowed to acute apexes. Aedea-

gus with a pair of bifurcate processes at

apex. Each style broad at base, concavely

narroHed to straight finger-like process.

I'ygofers slightly concave on posterior mar-

gins, angled with dorsal margins.

Recorded previously from Tennessee,

Ohio, and loua. this is a rather common
species in open woodland or flat marshy

meadou- on thick luxuriant growths of mixed

grasses.

Illinois Records.—Many males arul fe-

males, taken June 5 to August 22, are from

Alton. Apple River Canyon State Park,

Cave in Rock, Dixon Springs, Dolson, Kliza-

bethtown. Farina, (jalena, Golconda, Har-

din, Herod, Justice, Kankakee, Metropolis,

.Monticelhi, Norris City, Oakwood. Pike,

Rock Island, Shawneetown, Temple Hill.

Urbana, \'ienna, and White Pines I'orest

State Park.

18. Chloroli'ttix fHamenliis DeLong

Chloralellix fihimrnliis DeLong (1937i, p. 53).

Length 7 mm. Green, tinged with yellow,

and with produced bluntly angled vertex,

which is twice as wide between eyes as

median length. Each male plate, fig. 449,

triangular, outer margin convexly rounded

at base, then concavely rounded before



326 Illinois Natural PiisxoRv Survey Bulletin I ol. 24. An. 2

apex, which is narrow but bluntly rounded;

combined width at base a little greater

than length. Aedeagus similar in type to

that of htilli but differing by having the

inner branch of each bifurcate process at

the apex at least twice as long as the

corresponding branch in balli, and the outer

blanch is at least four times as long as the

corresponding process in /uilli. Female un-

known.
Described from Illinois, this species is

known by only three male specimens.

Illinois Records.—Havana: Aug. .?0,

1917, 1<5. Marshall: Sept. 27, 1934, Krl-

son & Ross, 2 c5 .

19. CMorofettix dentatus Sanders &
DeLong

Chlorotellix drntiilus Sanders & DeLong (1923,

p. 154).

Length 8 mm. Yellow to green, with a

roundedly produced vertex, which is twice

as wide as long and almost one-half longer

at middle than next to eyes. Posterior mar-

gin of female seventh sternite, fig. 4595,

notched on either side of a pair of rounded

slightly produced median teeth on the median

fourth; sternite convex ventrally, almost

keeled. Male plates, fig. 454, convexly

rounded to half their length, then rather

abruptly constricted and produced as nar-

row parallel tips with blunt apexes.

Previously recorded from the District of

Columbia and Maryland, this species has

been taken in Illinois and is found in marshy

meadow habitats.

Illinois Records.—Karnak : Aug. 8,

19.^4, DeLong & Mohr, 4 9 ; July 10, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 1 $ .

20. Chlorotettix galhanattis Van Duzee

Chloroti'tiJx i/alhiinnlus Van Duzee (1892^, p.

310).

Length 6.0-6.5 mm. Yellowish green in

color, with an obtusely angled vertex, which
is one and one-half times as long at middle

as next to eyes. Female seventh sternite,

fig. 4606', with a rather broad notch reach-

ing two-thirds the distance to base; lobes

on posterior margin laterad of the notch

broadly rounded or slightly angled at mid-
dle. Male plates, fig. 453, evenly, convexly

rounded from bases to apexes, inner margins
at apexes depressed, apexes obtusely angled.

Aedeagus in lateral view broad at base.

narrowed about middle and produced as a

long narrow portion with a pair of processes

at apex. Each style broad, rather short,

abruptly narrowed on outer margin near

apex, forming a curved finger-like process.

This is probably the most common species

of the genus, occurring throughout Illinois

in pastures and meadows on many types of

grasses. It is found in the eastern states

and west to Montana.
Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 3 to October 11, are

from Algonquin, Alton, Alto Pass, Amboy,
Anna, Apple River Canyon State Park,

Ashley, Brownfield, Cairo, Carbondale,

Carmi, Castle Rock, Champaign, Cobden,

Danville, Dixon Springs, Dolson, Dongola,

Dubois, Duncans Mills, Eichorn, Eliza-

bethtown, Fairfield, Fern Cliff, Fulton,

Galena, Gibsonia, Golconda, Grafton,

Grand Detour, Grand Tower, Hardin,

Havana, Herod, High Knob, Justice, Jones-

boro, Kampsville, Kankakee, Karnak, Lima,

Marshall, Meredosia, Metropolis, Monti-

cello, Mount Carmel, Muncie, New Hol-

land, Norris City, Oak Lawn, Oakwood,

Olive Barnch, Oquawka, Pike, Princeton,

Quincy, Ripley, Rock Island, St. Anne, St.

Joseph, Savanna, Shawneetown, Spring

Valley, Starved Rock State Park, Sumner,

Sun Lake, Temple Hill, Urbana, Ursa,

Vandalia, Vienna, Villa Ridge, Warren,

Watson, White Heath, White Pines Forest

State Park, and Wolf Lake.

2L Chlorotettix borealis Sanders &
DeLong

Chlorotettix borealis Sanders & DeLong (1917,

p. 92).

Length 6.0-6.5 mm. Greenish yellow,

with dark eyes. Vertex obtusely angled,

one-half longer at middle than next to eyes.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 459Z), with

posterior margin truncate and with a nar-

row median V-shaped notch extending half

way to base. Male plates, fig. 455, broad

at bases, convexly rounded to obtusely

angled apexes. Aedeagus in lateral view

with small upturned process at apex. Styles

long, gradually narrowed to attenuated

apexes. Pygofers each with a long spine on

dorsal side separated by a deep notch, and

a long spine on ventral margin extending

dorsally.

In Illinois this species has been taken on

fine grasses in sandy areas in open wood-
j



June. 1948 DeLong : Leafhopi'p.rs of Iii.inois 327

land. It was previously recorded from Wis-
consin.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken July 8 to October 2, are from Cave
in Rock, Dixon Springs. Dolson, Elizabeth-

town. Grand Detour, Oregon, St. Anne,
Springfield, and X'ienna.

22. Chliirotfllix iiiidatus Ball

C/iloroleltix niidala Ball (1900c, p. 340).

Length 7.5 mm. Green, with a brownish

or smoky tint. Vertex twice as long at

middle as next to eyes, slightly, conically

pointed. Female seventh sternite, fig. 460A.',

with posterior margin distinctly darker

marked and divided into four lobes by a

narrow slit in the middle and a pair of broad

shallow notches a little more than half way
toward the sides. Male plates, tig. 4.^(),

broad at bases, convexly and then concavely

narrowed to acutely pointed apexes. Pygo-

fcrs sloping ventrally and dorsally to bluntly

pointed apexes. Styles long, tapered, bent

inwardly one-third the distance from apexes,

.^edeagus bifid at apex.

Recorded previously from Tennessee and

Iowa, this species occurs in abundance on

grasses in the floodplain woods. It seems

to be confined almost entirely to moist wood-

land areas that support a rich growth of

grasses.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 24 to October 3, are from

Danville, Dixon Springs, Dolson, Elmira,

Herod, High Knob, Kankakee, Oakwood,
Pike. Temple Hill, L rbana. \'ienna, and

White Heath.

23. Chlorotettix vacuniis Crumb

CIdorotetlix i-acuna Crumb (1915, p. 196).

Length 6.0-6.5 mm. Yellowish, tinged

with green; vertex bluntly angled, one-half

broader than long and one-third longer at

middle than next to eyes.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 460/, with

posterior margin broadly, somewhat con-

vexly excavated three-fourths the distance

to base, lateral lobes bluntly angled. Male
plates, fig. 458, broad at bases, outer mar-

gins convexly narrowed to near apexes,

where they are slightly concave to form

acute tips. Aedeagus in lateral view narrow

at base, broadened at apex, and deeply

notched. Styles long and narrow, gradually

narrowed from bases to apexes. Each pygo-

fer pointed at apex with a long dorsal spine.

This is a grass species occurring in south-

ern areas of Illinois. It was recorded previ-

ously from Tennessee, and does not occur
in abundance.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 12 to August 14, arc from Dixon
Springs, Eichorn, Eli/.abethtown, Fairfield,

Herod, Jonesboro, Karnak, La Rue, and
Vienna.

24. Chlorotettix tunicalus Hall

C/doroli-llix tunictila Ball (I900f, p. 340).

Length 7 mm. Pale yellowish green, with

greenish elytra. Vertex produced, one-half

longer at middle than next to eyes, twice as

wide as long.

Female seventh sternite, (ig. 460L, with

posterior margin roundedly emarginate one-

third the depth of the segment, sometimes

slightly notched at middle but always ap-

pearing notched because of a brown V-
shaped spot at middle of cmargination.

Male plates, (ig. 457, broad at base, round-

edly narrowed to a very obtuse, almost

truncate apex, plates together the shape of

a bluntly pointed spoon. Each pygofer con-

cave on caudoventral margin, with a long

straight spine arising in middle of concavity

and directed caudally. Aedeagus In lateral

view broad at base, apical two-thirds nar-

row, notched at apex, forming an anteriorly

directed short finger-like process. Styles

broad at bases, triangular, apexes bluntly

pointed.

This species occurs on grasses in open

woodland areas in the eastern and southern

states.

Illinois Records.—.Many males and fe-

males, taken June 14 to October 8, are

from Alton, Amboy, Anvil Rock, Apple

River Canyon State Park, Cave in Rock,

Dixon, Dolson, Fulton, Havana, Kankakee,

Metropolis, Pike, St. Anne, Shawneetown,

Temple Hill, Urbana, Vienna, and W'hlti'

Heath.

2.S. Clilorolettix distinctus DeLong

CIdorolellix dislinclus DeLong (1919, p. 231.

Length 6 mm. Yellow, tinged with green.

\'ertex bluntly angulate, almost one-half

longer at middle than next to eyes. Female

seventh sternite, (ig. 4607, with posterior

margin deeply and broadly notched two-

thirds the distance to base; sides of apical



M8 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24. Art. 2

half straight, basal half with siiics concavcly

rounded to form a bluntly angled lobe on

cither side.

Described from 'J'ennessec, this species is

knoun only from the female. In Illinois,

it occurs only in the southern part of the

state.

Illinois Records.

—

\'ii:NXA: July 29,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 9. VoLo: July 27,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 9.

93. DOLERANUS Ball

Dolrraniis Ball (1936, p. 58).

Head conical, venation simple but with

central anteapical cell somewhat constricted,

then enlarged before the apex. Vertex with

a broken submarginal brown line. Three
species are included in this genus, two of

which are eastern and occur in Illinois.

KeV I'O Si'F.CIES

Green in color, without definite markings
2. vividus

Brownish yellow, marked with reddish brown
1. longulus

1. Doleranus longulus ((jillette & Baker)

Tliamniitcttix li/n//ulus (iillette & Baker (1895,

P. 97).

Length 5-6 mm. Brownish yellow,

marked with reddish brown. Vertex ob-

tusely angled, twice as wide as long; light

fulvous, ocelli white, connected by a white

transverse line ; median longitudinal line

and spot either side at base brown. Prono-

tum fulvous, marked with dark brown on

anterior portion. Scutellum fulvous, disc

paler. Elytra chestnut, nervures pale. Fe-

male seventh sternite with posterior margin
depressed, slightly, angularly elevated.

Male plates concavely rounded to the almost

parallel-margined tips.

Common on herbaceous plants in open

wooded areas, on wooded floodplains, and
along stream banks, this species occurs in

the eastern states and west to Iowa, Kansas,
and Colorado.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken March 27 to November 1, are

from Aldridge, Carmi, Cave in Rock, Cham-
paign, Charleston, Cobden, Dongola, Ei-

chorn, Fountain Bluff, Cjrand Tower, Kar-
nak. La Rue, Marshall, Monticello, Nor-
mal, Rock Island, Savoy, Urbana, Vienna,
and White Heath.

2. Doleranus vividus (Crumb)

Clilorntrtl'ix vivicta Criimh (1915, p. 197).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. A distinctly angle-

headed greenish species tinged with brown.

Vertex one and one-half times as broad as

long, almost twice as long at middle as

next to eyes. Female seventh sternite with

posterior margin broadly, triangularly

notched half way to base, with a tooth at

apex. Male plates, fig. 247, rather long,

gradually narrowed three-fourths their

length, then produced with almost parallel

margins. Pygofers truncate posteriorly.

Aedeagus in lateral view broad at base, nar-

rowed to tapered bifurcate apex. Styles

rather short, abruptly narrowed to finger-

like apexes.

A common species on grassy areas in

meadows along streams, in valleys, and in

open woodland, vivi/lus occurs in the middle

western and eastern states.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 7 to November, are from

Algonquin, Alton, Apple River Canyon

State Park, Cave in Rock, Champaign,

Danville, Dixon Springs, Dolson, Dubois,

Elizabethtown, Fern Cliff, Golconda, Graf-

ton, Havana, Herod, Jonesboro, Kamps-
ville, Kankakee, Karnak, Lima, Monmouth,
Monticello, Mount Carmel, Muncie, Nor-

mal, Oakwood, Olive Branch, Oquawka,
Parker, Pike, Quincy, Rock Island, Thebes,

Urbana, Ursa, Vienna, and White Pines

Forest State Park.

94. ATANUS Oman

Atayius Oman (1937, p. 381).

Fig. 207. Vertex nearly flat, longer at :

middle than next to eyes, and bluntly angled.

Head a little wider than pronotum. Fore-

wing with simple venation, the second cross-

vein lacking. The outer anteapical cell is

short, with almost parallel sides, and is more

slender than inner anteapical cell.

Only one of the two United States species

belonging to this genus is known to occur

in Illinois.

1. Atanus perspicillatus (Osborn & Ball)

Thamiiotettix perspiciUalus Osborn & Ball

(1897, p. 227).

Length 3.5-4.0 mm. A small gray species

marked with black spots. Vertex creamy

white, tinged with orange, two faint black



June. 194S DeLoxg: Leafhoppers of Illinois 329

lines extending from apex to ocelli, basal

hiAi « itli a large fulvous crescent either

side enclosing a white area. Pri)notuni

gray; with broad faint longitudinal bands

and a pair of spots behind each eye black.

Scutelluni pale, basal angles orange. Elytra

milky, subhyaline, iridescent, \\ ith nine black

spots. \'erte\ slightly longer at middle than

next to eyes, a little wider at base than

median length. Female seventh stcrnite

broadly, angularly produced. .Male valve

short and broad; plates long, apexes pro-

duced into pointed acute tips; a median
black spot on each plate at base.

(Occurring on herbaceous growth in

ucioded areas along streams, and in rich

herbaceous areas, this species is distributed

in parts of the East and Middle West.
Illinois Records.

—

D.arwix: July 2.1,

iy.?2, Dozier & Park, 1 i . Di.xox Sprincs:

July 9, 19.?5, DeLong & Ross, U , 19.
Dolson: Rocky Branch, July 18, 19,U,

DeLong & Ross. M ; July 24, 19.?6, De-
Long & Mohr, .^ 9 . Heroo: June 24, \9M).

DeLong .S: Ross, I c5 . Mount Carmet.:

luly .?, 1906, 1 9. Urbana: sweeping, July

28, 1889, C. A. Hart, \i. 49 ; Aug." 27,

1916, .? <5 , 5 9 ; Aug. 16-20, 19.U, 3i. 1 ? .

\'iEN.N.\: savanna grasses, June 14, 19.H,

DeLong & Ross, 1 <5 ; July" 29, 19.U. De-

Long & Ross, I i , 19.

95. ELYMANA DeLong

I: Iy run II II DeLong (l''36«, p. 218).

This genus includes the more pointed-

headed species previously included in Tliam-

iKiltttix. Form usually long and slender,

vertex sharply pointed or strongly and

bluntly produced and acutely angled with

front. K!lytra long and narrow, venation as

in Thaiiniottttix. Last sternite of male long.

tapering to a pointed spinelike process.

Aedeagus long, tapering to a long slender

dorsally directed process. Base of aedeagus

with dorsally extending process of various

shapes.

DeLong (1936A) recorded five species of

this genus for North America. One is

known only from Arizona; the other four

arc eastern in distribution and all occur in

Illinois, usually in wooded areas on Elyiiiiis

and related grasses.

The species of the genus are closely re-

lated, and the fem.iles are very similar in

the character of the seventh sternite, the

posterior margin of which is usually sinuate.

Kbv to Species

Ninth seyrnent of male produced into a
sharp-pointed spine at apex. .Spines on
rnedian dorsal portion visible in lateral
view, directed caudad, as in das. 461 B.
4r,lC 2

Ninth segment of male tapered, but blunt
at apex, apical spines above apex of
segment. Median dorsal spines not
visible in lateral view, directed laterally
into genital chamber, as in tigs. 4h\.-/,

4h\D 3
Styles of male, fig. 4(>lB, constricted be-

tween bases and enlaiged apexes, which
are sharp pointed on outer margins and
slope outwardly

1. acrita
Styles, fig. 4^1 If-', constricted near bases

and slightly tapered to almost truncate
apexes, which arc not enlarged

2. aciima

HhA

CADUCA
CADUCA

Fig. 461.

—

Elymiinii. .I-IJ, male genitalia,

ventral and lateral aspects.



.«0 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J ol. 24. Art. 2

3. Vertex almost rounded at apex, three-

fifths as long as wide. Styles of male,

hg. 461/J, constricted near apexes, then
strongly curved outwardly, enlarged,

and truncate on outer margins
3. caduca

Vertex more angled, three-fourths as long
as wide. .Styles, fig. 461. V, constricted

near apexes but not enlarged, produced
as parallel-sided apexes directed slightly

obliquely and truncate at apex
4. inornata

1. Elymana acrita DeLong

Elymana acrita DeLong (1936/1, p. 637).

Length 4.75-5.0 mm. Yellowish, with

black ocelli, vertex sharply angled, almost

as long as basal width between eyes. Female

seventh sternite shallowly and roundedly

cmarginate, with a dark spot on either side

of middle. Male ninth segment, fig. 4615,
sloping to posterior spine, scarcely concave,

anterior spine prominent. Styles in ventral

view with outer margins sinuate and each

tapered to a constricted portion anterior to

an enlarged apical process, truncate at apex.

This species was described from Illinois,

where it is abundant on Elyrnus grasses in

shaded areas, on floodplains, and similar

moist soils. It can easily be distinguished

from the other members of the genus by

characters of the male styles.

Illinois Records.—Di.xoN Springs:
July 9, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 ?. Eliza-
bethtown: June 25, 1932, Ross, Dozier, &
Park, 1 $ . Golconda: June 22, 1932, Ross,

Dozier, & Park, I 9 . Herod: June 23, 1936,

DeLong & Ross, \$. Monticello: June
11, 1934, 3,3, 79. Oquawka: June 13,

1932, H. L. Dozier, 1 9.

2. Elymana acuma DeLong

Elymana acuma DeLong (1936/', p. 637).

Length 5 mm. Yellowish and with black
ocelli, slightly larger than acrita. Vertex
rather sharply angled, only slightly wider
between eyes than length at middle. Female
seventh sternite truncate, with heavy brown
spots on either side of middle. Male ninth

segment, fig. 461 C, with anterior spine

prominent in lateral view, the dorsal mar-
gin beyond this strongly and concavely
rounded to form the posterior spine. Styles

in ventral view rather short, not notched
on outer margins, slightly and convexly
rounded on inner margins; sides almost
parallel, apexes truncate.

This is a southern species, described from

Tennessee, and is found on Elyrnus grasses

in shady wooded areas.

Illinois Records.—Dixon Springs: July

9, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 19. Elizaheth-
town: June 25, 1932, Ross, Dozier, & Park,

1 c5 . Golconda: June 22, 1932, Ross,

Dozier, & Park, 1 9 . Herod: June 24, 19.?6,

DeLong & Ross, 1 $. Oquawka: June 13,

1932, Dozier, 1 9 .

3. Elymana caduca DeLong

Elymana caduca DeLong (1936i, p. 638).

Length 5 mm. Yellow, tinged with green

;

ocelli black; veins of elytra paler than disc

and conspicuous. Vertex bluntly angled,

three-fifths as long as basal width. Female

seventh sternite truncate or slightly cmar-

ginate. Male ninth segment, fig. 461D,
strongly convex and rounded dorsally, an-

terior spine hidden in lateral view, extend-

ing inwardly; posterior spine prominent.

Styles in ventral view rather deeply notched

on outer margins, inner margins strongly

convex and curved, apexes turned out-

wardly, with pointed tips.

This is a common marsh species in north-

ern Wisconsin and occurs at the margins of

sphagnum hogs. It is found in similar habi-

tats in northern Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Beach: Aug. 7, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 19. Volo: Aug. 24, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 6 9 ; Aug. 12, 1937, Burks

& Ross, 19. Wauconda: July 23, 1934,

DeLong & Ross, 1 9 .

4. Elymana inornata (Van Duzee)

Tliamnotettix inornatus Van Duzee (1892f,

p. 303).

Length 5.0-5.5 mm. Dull yellow, tinged

with green, bluntly angled. Vertex one-

fourth wider between eyes than length at

middle. Female seventh sternite almost

truncate, a brown spot on either side of

middle, producing notched appearance.

Dorsal portion of male ninth segment, fig.

46\J, convexly rounded to posterior spine;

anterior spine extending inwardly and not

visible in lateral view. Styles long, outer

margins sloping inwardly to near apexes,

where they are notched, and the apexes

produced as short rather narrow parallel-

margined and divergent processes.

This species is chiefly northern in dis-

tribution, occurring commonly at the margin
.

I



June, 194S DeLonc: Leafhoppers of Illinois 331

of the fresh-water marsh or similar moist

areas.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 11 to November 10, are from
Apple River Canyon State Park, Cave in

Rock, Danville, Dolson, Herod, Kankakee,
Marshall, Monticello, Oakwood, Shavvnee-

town, and Urbana.

96. CICADULA Zetterstedt

CiiitJula Zetterstedt (1838, col. 2V6).
Cyperana DeLong (1936a, p. 218).

Fig. 462. This genus includes the com-
mon green leafhoppers of the ThamnntetUx
type, «hich occur in fresh-water marshes
on Cypiriis, similar sedges, and coarse

grasses; they are characterized by having

a bluntly angled vertex, which is usually

produced, but in some species the apex is

almost rounded. The elytra are long and
narrow, with venation as in Thainuolitlix.

In most species of this genus, individuals

are some shade of green or yellow, with a

black band or a row of black spots on the

margin of the vertex between the eyes.

The greater number of species of the

genus occur only in the eastern Ilnited

States, but some occur as far west as the

Rocky Mountains. A few of the species are

found only in the western United States.

Def^ong (\9Mil) recorded 1.? species for

the United States under the generic name
Cypcninti. and nearly half of these occur in

Illinois.

Key to Species

Tawny or pale brown, loniiitudinally
marked with brownish or reddish stripes;
spots on vertex linear in form or formini;
a band, figs. 463./, 46.3fl . . .2

Vellow or green, without longitudinal
stripes 3

CYPERACEA VITTIPENNIS

SMITHI STRAMINEA

CILIATA DECIPIENS

Fig. 462.—f /< fl,/H/a cyperaiea: a, adult; *, VITTIPENNIS STRAMINEA
head and pronotum ; c, face; d, elytron. (From Fig. 463.

—

CUadula. .1-F, head and prono-
Osborn.) turn; G-H, female genitalia.



3.^2 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24. Art. 2

2. Vertex with four linear black spots on
margin 1. cyperacea

Vertex with a black band on margin
2. vlttipennis

J. Length 6.5-7.0 mm.; pale yellow, with a

pair of large black spots at apex of

vertex and a pair ot smaller spots next

to eyes 3. straminea
Length not over 6.0 mm.; usually green or

yellowish green 4

4. Black coloration on margin of vertex

forming band between eyes. . .4. smithi
Black coloration on margin of vertex in

the form of spots 5

5. I'our black spots on margin of vertex but

without markings posterior to ocelli. . .

6

Markings on margin of vertex and also

posterior to ocelli 7

6. Kach male plate, fig. 464/f, deeply and
concavely excavated on inner margin of

apical third; each style tapered from
base to apex.

5. melanogaster
Kach male plate, fig. 464£, sloping on
inner margin, not concavely rounded;
each style with a pair of finger-like

processes at apex, an inner long one and
an outer short one

5. ciliata

7. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.; aedeagus, fig. 464C,
short, not greatly enlarged at base;

occurring in the western United States

7. longiseta

VITTIPENNIS VITTIPENNIS CYPERACEA CYPERACEA
Fig. 464.

—

Ckadula. A-H , male genitalia, ventral and lateral aspects. J



Jutir. 1948 DeLong: Leafhoi>pers of Illinois 333

Length more than 4.5 mm.: aedeagus long,

tig. 4^4/^, large at base, apical two-
thirds very slender; occurring in north-

eastern L'nited .States 8. decipiens

1. Cicadiila cypfiacea (Osborii)

T/iamnotflllx lyperaieiu Osborn (1898, p.

245).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. T;u\ n> , with orange

or brownish longitudinal stripes and tour

black dashes on margin of vertex. Hg. 463J,

between the eyes. Vertex fiat and bluntly

angled, one-halt wider between eyes at base

than length at middle.

Female seventh sternite with lateral

angles broadly rounded, posterior margin

slightly, narrowly indented on either side ot

a broad median slightly produced tooth;

median tooth about one-third width of ster-

nite; a large round area on outer third

of sternite composed of oblique ridges and

striae. Male plates, fig. 4b4H, rather long

and broad, each convexly rounded to blunt

apex, where it bears a rather long incurved

tinger-like process. Each style long, broad

on basal half, then rather rapidly narrowed

to slender apical processes, which are pro-

duced half the length of style. Aedeagus

rather small, slightly enlarged at base,

apical portion narrowed, produced dorsally.

and curved anteriorly.

This species is commonly found in the

fresh-water marsh of the northern states

in (^yperus habitats. It is a fairly common
species in the marshes of northern Illinois,

and closely resembles vittiptnnis. which is

found in the same general type of habitat.

Illinois Records.

—

Antioch : July 5-7,

1932, T. H. Frison. 1 i . Fox Lake: June

.?0, 1935, DcLong i< Ross, Ai. 69.
Oranceville: Aug. 28, 1934, Frison & De-

Long, 1 (J , 1 nvmph. Urban.a: June 2,

1890. C. A. Hart', 1 i . V'olo: July 16, 1935,

DeLong & Ross, 3 <5 , 1 9 ; in bog, Aug. 24,

1935, DeLong & Ross, 2^,29.

2, Cicadiila vittipennis (Sanders &
DeLong)

Thnmnolrttix vittipennis Samiers i OeLong
(1917, p. 91).

Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Tawny, with elytra

appearing white striped. Vertex, fig. 463Zi,

with a black marginal stripe between eyes,

and a tawny band covering disc and ex-

tending to eyes. Vertex bluntly angled,

twice as wide between eyes as length at

middle. Female seventh sternite, fig. 4636',

with posterior margin slightly emarginate
and narrowly notched on either side of

middle ; outer third striated as in cyprr-
luia. Male plates, fig. 464C short and
broad, convexly rounded on each outer

margin, and strongly sloping on inner mar-
gin to form a blunt toothlikc structure at

apex. Styles long, sinuately tapered from
bases and curving outwardly to form blunt

apexes, pointed on outer margins. Plates

decidedly longer than styles. Aedeagus
slender, slightly enlarged at base, normally

directed dorsally, curved slightly caudally

at middle.

This species has been collected only in

northern Wisconsin from the tall grass and
sedge habitat of the fresh-water marsh.

3. Cicadiila straminea (Sanders &
DeLong)

Thamnotetlix siramineus Saixlcrs i DeLong
(1917, p. 90).

Length 6.5-7.0 mm. Large, yellow, with

four transverse black spots on margin of

vertex, fig. 463/), the inner spots large, the

outer two small. Vertex almost twice as

broad as median length, bluntly angled.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 463//, with

outer angles forming broadly rounded lobes,

between which the posterior margin is shal-

lowly and concavely rounded; outer third

of segment on either side black, with prom-

inent oblique ridges and striae. Male plates,

fig. 464/i. short, each gradually narrowed

on inner margin and convexly rounded on

outer to form a prominent pointed projec-

tion at apex. Styles long and slender, taper-

ing and slightly constricted just before

bluntly pointed apexes.

'Fhis species inhabits the sedges ol tin-

northern marsh areas and may occur in

northern Illinois.

4. Cicadiila smithi (\'an Duzec)

T/iamnotiltix smit/ii Van Du/ee (1892A, p.

266).

Length 5 mm. (ireen. tinged with yellow,

and with a broad black band on margin of

vertex, fig. 463C, between the eyes; vertex

broadly rounded, almost parallel margined,

twice as wide between eyes as length at

middle; elytra green, apexes smoky. Fe-

male seventh sternite with lateral angles

broadly rounded, posterior margin slightly



334 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J ol. 24, Art. 2

omarixinatc on cither side of a broad slightly

produced median tooth, which is produced

almost as far as the rounded lateral angles.

Each male plate, fig. 464D, short, sides

convcxly rounded to blunt apex, with a short

hlunt toothlike projection. Each style rather

long, narrowed at about one-third its length

and produced to form a spurlike tooth on

outer margin and an elongated rather broad

finger-like process on inner margin, process

blunt at apex. Aedeagus rather short, en-

larged at base, narrowed at about half its

length to form a slender apical process,

which is directed dorsally.

A species occurring in the fresh-water

marsh on Spartina michauxiana, smithi is

recorded from the eastern states and the

Middle West.

Illinois Records.

—

Champaign: at light,

June 12, 1888, 19. Fox Lake: June 30,

1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 S ;
June 26, 1936,

Frison & DeLong, 43, 89. Fulton: July

4, 1936, DeLong & Burks, 1 9 . Princeton:

in swamp, July 7, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

1 9 ; luly 2, 1936, B. D. Burks, 1 9 . Sum-
.mit: Aug. 21, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 S .

5. Cicadula melanogaster (Provanchcr)

Jassus melanogaster Provancher (1872, p.

378).

Length 5.0-5.5 mm. Greenish or yellow-

ish, with four large black spots in a row
on the margin of verte.x; vertex bluntly

angled, one-half wider between eyes than

length at middle. Female seventh sternite

with a sinuate posterior margin that is

broadly and shallowly emarginate. Male
plates, fig. 464/^, abruptly and concavely

narrowed on inner margins to produced

bluntly pointed apexes. Styles long and

slender, narrowed near bases and produced

into long tapering processes with bluntly

pointed apexes. Aedeagus long, slender, and

usually directed dorsally; basal portion a

little thicker and with anterior process;

apical portion slender and pointed at tip.

This is the most common species of the

genus and occurs in the fresh-water marsh
of the northern United States. It is found

commonly throughout Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 5 to November 17, are

from Algonquin, Amboy, Antioch, Atlas,

Aurora, Beach, Champaign, Des Plaines,

Freeport, Fox Lake, Fulton, Harrisburg,

i

Havana, Humboldt, Loda, Macomb, New
Milford, Ogden, Oquawka, Orangeville,

Oregon, Princeton, Round Lake, St. Anne,

Seymour, Shawneetown, Spring Valley,

Urbana, Vienna, Volo, Warren, Wauconda,

and Zion.

6. Cicadula ciliata (Osborn)

Thamnotettix ciliatus Osborn (1898, p. 244).

Length 5.0-5.5 mm. Green, tinged with

yellow, and with four black spots on margin

of vertex, fig. 463£. Vertex blunt, almost

twice as wide between eyes at base as length

at middle. The margin of the female

seventh sternite is broadly and shallowly

emarginate. Each male plate, fig. 464£,

short and broad, strongly and convexly

rounded on outer margin, and strongly

sloping on inner margin to a blunt apex

with a slight toothlike projection. Aedeagus

broad at base, constricted and produced

dorsally and anteriorly as a wide blade-like

structure that is pointed at apex.

This species occurs on sedges in fresh-

water marshes throughout the northern

United States.

Illinois Records.

—

Algonquin: Aug.

13, 1895, Ic? ; Sept. 15, 1895, \£, Oct. 3, .;:

1895, \S. Amboy: Aug. 8, 1934, DeLong

& Ross, 1 £ . Elizabeth : July 7, 1917, \i.
Fourth Lake: Aug. 7, 1887, 1 <J

.

Grays Lake: June 10, 1936, Ross & Burks,

1 9 . Humboldt: Nov. 1, 1931, H. H. Ross,

1 <J , 29. Orangeville: Aug. 28, 1934

DeLong & Frison, 19. Savanna: June

14, 1917, 29. Urbana: Oct. 4, 1909, 2 9 ;

Nov. 10, 1915, 19.'

7. Cicadula longisefa (Van Duzee)

Tliamnoletlix Innrf'uela Van Duzee (1892//, p.

266).

Length 3.5-4.5 mm. Resembling melano-

gaster somewhat in coloration but with ai

broad blunt head and a pair of tiny spots

back of ocelli in addition to the four on the

anterior margin of vertex. Vertex bluntly

angled, two-fifths wider between eyes than

length at middle. Female seventh sternite

sinuate and almost truncate, with posterior

margin slightly concave. Each male plate,
'j

fig. 464C, short and broad, strongly and)

convexly rounded on outer and inner mar-|

gins to form a bluntly pointed apex. Style

narrowed gradually from base to form a



June. 194S DeLonc. : Leafhoppers of Illinois 335

long finger-like process on each inner mar-

gin, which is strongly curved outwardly, and

a much shorter process on outer margin,

ahout one-third the length of the inner proc-

ess. Aedeagus only slightly enlarged at

hase. curved dorsally and anteriorly ahout

as far as base, apex bifid.

This is a common species of the genus

in the northwestern United States and may
occur in western Illinois.

8. Cicadiilu decipiens (Provancher)

Tliamnoletlix decipiens Provancher (189(1, p.

2851.

Length 4.5-5.0 mm. Yellow, tinged with

green, with four black spots on vertex, fig.

AbiF. a large one on either side of blunt

apex on margin, and one on either side

above margin and posterior to ocellus;

vertex blunt, almost twice as wide between

eyes at base as length at middle. Kemale

seventh sternite with lateral angles rather

well produced, between which the posterior

margin is sinuately and concavely emargi-

nate more than one-third the distance to

base; a very short white blunt tooth at apex

of cmargination. Male plates, fig. 464/''.

rather broad and short, convexly rounded to

blunt apexes. Styles long and narrow, inner

margin of each produced into a long curved

finger-like process, outer margin with a

very short spur only. Aedeagus large at

base, rapidly constricted to a very slender

apical portion, which is long, curves dor-

sally and anteriorly, and is bifid at apex.

A large black bifurcate spine is on the dorso-

caudal portion of each pygofer.

This is a transcontinental species found

in the fresh-water marsh on sedges.

Illinois Records.—Antioch: Aug. 24,

1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 9 . Fo.x L.ake: June

30, 1935, DeLong & Ross, 1 9 . Princeton:

swamp, July 7, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 i .

Summit: Aug. 21, 1935, DeLong & Ross.

\i.

97. PALUDA DeLong

Paluda DeLong (1937^, p. 233).

Kig. 244. The genus is related to Cica-

dula and can be distinguished by a dorsal

blunt tooth on the posterior margin of each

male plate; the apexes of the pygofers ter-

minate in bladelike structures that are pro-

duced the length of the segment beyond

its apex and directed dorsally and caudally.

The aedeagus is different in type, composed
of a broad basal portion and a short narrow
apical process. The absence of black spots

on the margin of the vertex also separates

this genus from Cicadula.

Two species have been placed In this

genus. One of them is known only from
California; the other is chiefly eastern.

1. Paluda mella (Sanders & DeLong)

Tliamnoletlix melius Sanders & DeLong (1917,
p. 91).

Tliamnoletlix placidus Osborn (1905A, p. SJ6).
Name preoccupied.

Thamnntcttix placatus Baker (1924, p. 367).
New name for placidus.

Length 5 mm. Small, orange yellow, with

vertex broadly rounded, almost twice as

wide between eyes as length at middle.

Female seventh sternite with rather promi-

nent lateral angles, between which the pos-

terior margin is rather broadly excavated

about one-third the distance to base; sides

of excavated portion slightly convex, apex

rather broad, with a slightly produced

rounded tooth at center. Male plates, fig.

244, rather long, gradually and evenly nar-

rowed to bluntly angled apexes. Each style

sinuately and gradually narrowed from a

broad base to outwardly directed and

bluntly pointed apex. Aedeagus broad on

basal two-thirds, then rapidly narrowed to

a slender apical third, which is directed dor-

sally. Apical portion of each pygofer nar-

rowed into bladelike structure, which Is

strongly produced caudally and dorsally the

length of the pygofer proper.

This species is northern in distribution

and apparently inhabits the area occupied

by the northern conifer forest. Although

apparently having a more northern range

than Illinois, it may at some time be found

in the extreme northern part of the state.

98. IDIODONUS Ball

Idiodonus Ball (1936, p. 57).

Kig. 235/i. Head narrower than prono-

tum. vertex short, blunt, obtusely rounded,

and rounded to front. Elytra long, venation

simple, with one crossvein. Female seventh

sternite produced on posterior margin and

with a slight median incision.

DeLong k Knull (1945) recorded 21

species and several varieties of this genus



.136 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ol. 24. Art. 2

for the United States. Only two are known
to occur in Illinois.

Key to Species

Length 6.0 mm. or more; claval vein con-
spicuously pale in color, • .

1 . kennicotti
Length not over 5.75 mm.; reddish brown in

color, claval vein not conspicuous
2. brittoni

1. Idiodonus kennicotti (Uhler)

Jassus kennicotti Uhler (1863, p 161).

Length 6.0-6.5 mm. Fulvous, vertex

dirty yellow, with red ocelli, two large,

black spots between them; a pale transverse

band at base fulvous. Verte.x one-half longer

at apex than next to eyes, twice as broad

as long. Face dirty yellow. Pronotum with

posterior margin and a median transverse

hand yellow. Elytral nervures lighter than

disc, costal and apical areas yellowish hya-

line; a broad conspicuous stripe on outer

claval vein yellowish. Female seventh ster-

nite, fig. 235S, with roundedly produced
posterior margin slightly incised and keeled

and with a brown spot at center. Male
valve short and broad. Plates long, broad

at bases, lateral margins concave, tips pro-

duced and pointed.

Usually found on oak and other shrubby

plants or on tall herbaceous plants in

shrubby areas, this species ranges from the

eastern United States westward to British

Columbia.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 7 to October 1, are from
Apple River Canyon State Park, Cobden,
Dixon Springs, Dolson, Dubois, Elizabeth-

town, Galena, Golconda, Herod, Kankakee,
Lawrenceville, Mason City, Muncie, Palos

Park, Shawneetown, Temple Hill, Urbana,
Vienna, and White Heath.

2. Idiodonus hrittoni (Osborn)

Thumnotcttix brittoni Osborn (1907, p. 166).

Length 5.0-5.75 mm. Reddish brown,
vertex yellowish, ocelli red and with two
black spots between ocelli. Vertex one-third

longer at middle than next to eyes. Clavus
of each elytron with pale stripe, veins pale,

sutural line reddish. Males often golden
tinted. Yellow markings absent. Female
seventh sternite with posterior margin
rounded, slightly notched at center. Male

valve short, plates concave on outer margins,

apexes narrow.

Previously recorded from the eastern

part of the United States, this species usu-

ally occurs on shrubs; it is not found in great

abundance.

Illinois Records.—Dubois: Aug. 8, 1917,

19 ; Aug. 9, 1917, 1$. Elizabethtown :

May 22-24, 1932, Ross, Dozier, & Park, 1 9 .

Grafton: along river, June 26, 1934, De-
Long & Ross, 1 $ . Karnak: Aug. 8, 1934,

Ross, DeLong, & Mohr, \ $ , 19. Monti-
cello: June II, 1934, 2(5. Muncie: Sept.

20, 1935, Prison & Mohr, I $ . Oak Lawn:
in lamp globe, Aug. 22, 1934, DeLong &
Ross, li. Pulaski: May 25, 1932^ H. L.

Dozier, 19. Vienna: savanna grasses,

June 14, 1934, DeLong & Ross, I 9 ; July

29, 1934, DeLong & Ross, I 9 .

99. COLLADONUS Ball

Colladonus Ball (1936, p. 57).

Fig. 465. Head conical, much narrower

than pronotum, longer and more pointed.

Elytra appressed posteriorly. Female
seventh sternite with a strap-shaped or

spatulate median projection. Male plates

together spoon shaped.

DeLong & Knull (1945) listed 21 species

and 3 varieties in this genus for the United

States. Two species have been taken in

Illinois, and at least one other may occur

here.

Kev to Species

1. Vertex with two round black spots on
margin; elytra black or dark brown,
with a yellow saddle area 2

Vertex without black spots on margin;
elytra paler in color 1. eburatus

2. Female seventh sternite, fig. 234fl, with

rounded lateral lobes that are not

notched 2. clltellarius

Female seventh sternite with lateral lobes

decidedly notched posteriorly

3. furculatus

1. Colladonus eburatus (Van Duzee)

Tliamnotettix cburata Van Duzee (18S9fl, p.

10).

Length 6 mm. Paler in color than clilel-

larius but with the same general pattern.

Vertex decidedly produced and bluntly

angled, yellow without dark markings.

Pronotum, scutellum, and elytra pale brown.

Each clavus pale yellow, except anterior.

II



June. 194S DeLo.no : Leafmoi>i>i;rs of Illinois 337

fourth ami apexes; outer claval vein con- ^ola, Eldorado. Klizabcthtown Fox Lake
spicuously dark brown and apex brownish. lulton, CJalena, Grafton Grand Tower'
Female seventh sternite with broadly Grays Lake, Havana. Iroquois. Kampsville'
rounded lateral lobes: posterior margin Kankakee, Karnak. Keithsburu, La Grange'
deeply excavated on either side of a long Lima, Mahomet, Makanda. Meredosia'

Fig. -165.

—

C.olliicionus dilellarlus.

median spatulate process. Male valve tri-

angular, plates long, slightly and convexly

rounded to pointed apexes.

This is a northern species occurring in

small numbers in wooded areas.

2. ColImlonus cliti-llaritis (Say)

Jussus iliti-lliirius Say (1831. p. 309).

Length 5.0-5.5 mm. Brown, with yellow-

oval saddle spot involving clavus of each

elytron, costal area yellowish. X'ertex

bright yellow, with two large round black

spots on apex between ocelli: short and
broad, one-fourth longer at middle than next

to eyes. Pronotum with a broad brown
band on anterior third. Female seventh

sternite, fig. 2i4B. with posterior margin
broadly excavated half way to base and

with a median tooth produced beyond the

lateral lobes. Male plates rather short,

apexes bluntly rounded.

Abundant and widely distributed in east-

ern and middle western states, this species

apparently occurs on both shrubs and herbs.

Illinois Records.—^Llny males and fe-

males, taken May 19 to October 28, are

from Algonquin, Alton, Amboy, Antioch,

Apple River Canyon State Park, Atlas,

Bradley, Byron, Cave in Rock, Champaign,
Chemung, Des Plaines, Dixon, Dolson, Don-

-Monticcllo, Mount Carmel. Muncie, New
Holland, New Milford. Oak Lawn, Onarga,
Oqiiawka, Oregon, Pike, Pulaski, Quincy,
Round Lake, St. Anne, Savanna. Seymour,
Shawneetown, Springfield, Starved Rock
State Park, Urbana. X'ienna, Volo, Warren,
White Pines Forest State Park, Wilming-
ton, and Zion.

3. Colladonus furciilatus (Osborn)

Thamnoteltix fiinulatus Osborn (1905fl, p.

275).

Length 5 mm. Distinguished from clitel-

larius by the posteriorly notched lateral

lobes of the seventh sternite of female.

Vertex roundcdly produced, yellow, with a

pair of large black spots at apex. Posterior

margin of vertex and anterior portion of

pronotum between eyes brown. Scutellum

and elytra brown. A pale transparent mar-

gin on costa, an oval spot on each clavus

yellow. ^L^Ie plates almost straight mar-

gined, acutely angled at apexes.

This is usually considered a rather rare

species and is found only in .small numbers

in wooded areas. It has previously been

recorded from Pennsylvania and Ohio.

Illinois Record.—Apple River C.anvon

Sr.'VTE P.ark: Aug. 27, 19.H, Frison & De-

Long, 1 9 .



338 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Fol. 24, Art. 2

100. DAVISONIA Dorst

Davisonia Dorst {1937, p. 4).

Fig. 213. Vertex transverse and almost

parallel margined, broadly rounded to front,

front broad. Pronotum broad. Elytra long

and broad, slightly narrowed apically, each

with two anteapical and four apical cells;

posterior wings with three apical cells. Male

pygofers without caudoventral lobes. Stem

of connective twice as long as arms on in-

ternal genitalia.

Four species are recorded by Dorst ( 1937)

for the United States, and three of these

have been taken in Illinois.

Key to Species

Vertex almost parallel margined; length

4.5-7.0 mm
^

2

Vertex, fig. 467, slightly but distinctly

longer at middle than next to eyes;

length 4.0-5.0 mm 1. snowi
Female seventh sternite, fig. 468iS, almost

truncate; two small brown spots near

apex of vertex, fig. 468// 2. major

469 A 470 A

MAJOR SNOWI

Fi^s. 466-468.

—

Damsonia. A, head and pronotum; B, female genitalia; C, male external

genitalia. (After I!)orst.

)

Female seventh sternite, fig. ib6B, with a

broad produced median lobe; spot near

apex of vertex, fig. 466.:/. -3. delongi

1. Davisonia snowi (Dorst)

Cicadiila snowi Dorst (1931, p. 41).

Length 4—5 mm. Not as robust as major,

with vertex more produced, bluntly angled.

Yellowish, vertex, fig. AblA , with two

black spots, one back of each ocellus; elytra

whitish hyaline, nervures pale. Female

seventh sternite, fig. 467B, almost truncate,

with a median small shallow V-shaped

notch. Male plates, fig. 467C, more

elongate, apexes slender, appearing attenu-

ated. Male aedeagus, fig. 4705, terminat-

ing in two short finger-like processes com-

pressed dorsoventrally and ending in sharp

points. Styles as in fig. 410A.

469 B
470 B

471 B ^-, ' " 471 B

DELONGI DELONGI

Figs. 469-471.

—

Dwvisonia, male genitalia.

A, style; B, aedeagus in lateral or ventral

aspect. (After Dorst.)



Jiinr. 1948 DeLong: Leafiiopi'ers ok Illinois 339

Kno«ii only from Salix, this species is

found in the middle western region of the

United States and west to Montana and
Colorado.

Illinois Record.

—

Pike: Mississippi
flood plain, [une 28, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

IV.

2. Davisonia major (Dorst)

C'uadula major Dorst (1931, p. 43).

Length 5-7 mm. Large and robust, yel-

low, with two large rounded spots on vertex,

back of ocelli, fig. 468.^, and often with two
smaller pro.ximal spots on the margin.
Elytra often with grayish stripes. Vertex
slightly longer at middle than next to eyes,

broadly rounded on anterior margin and
broadly rounding to front. Female seventh

sternite, fig. 4685, almost truncate, pos-

terior margin slightly produced at middle.

^Llle plates, fig. 4686', short and rather

broad, apexes bluntly angled. Aedeagus,
fig. 469iS, with two short curved processes

near apex. Styles as in fig. Ab9A

.

This species occurs on Salix in the eastern

United States and west to Colorado.

Illinois Records.—.\Liles and females,

taken June 9 to August 8, are from Alton,

Fulton, tjrafton. Grand Tower, Havana,
Kampsville. Kankakee, Metropolis, New
.Milford, Pike, Prophetstown, Quincy,
Shawneetown, and Warsaw.

3. Davisonia delongi Dorst

Davisonia Jelongi Dorst (1937, p. 6).

Length 4.5-5.5 mm. Not as robust as

major, but similarly marked. V^ertex, fig.

466J, yellowish, with two large black spots

near anterior margin and a smaller black

or brown spot near apex ; vertex almost

parallel margined. Female seventh sternite,

fig. 466B, with posterior margin emarginate

on either side of a median broad slightly

produced tooth; lateral angles produced.

-Male plates, fig. 466C, broad, triangular,

apexes acutely pointed. Aedeagus, fig. 471/i,

large, bluntly pointed, with two small tri-

angular plates along shaft at apex.

Occurring on Salix, this species is dis-

tributed in the eastern United States through

the Middle West to New Mexico.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 10 to August 24, are from

Algomiuin, .Apple River Canyon State Park,

CenterviUe, Champaign, Kankakee, Ma-

homet, Metropolis, Monticello, Mount
Carmel, New Milford, Urbana, Waukegan,
and West Union.

101. SONRONWS Dorst

Sonronius Dorst (1937, p. 9).

Wing venation as in Davisonia and Mac-
rosteles. Each male pygofer with a slight

caudoventral notch. .Male genital connective
stem one and one-half times as long as

arms.

Dorst (1937) records three species of

this genus, only one of which is known to

occur in Illinois.

1. Sonronius clavatus (DeLong &
Davidson)

Cieadula davata DeLong k Daviilson (1934
p. 223).

Length 4 mm. (jolden yellow, marked
with black. Vertex bluntly produced, with
a pair of large round black spots just above

margin. Pronotum unmarked. Elytra with
each clavus dark brown, apical third dark,

smoky to brown. Face yellow. Female
seventh sternite with posterior margin
roundedly produced, almost truncate. Male
plates triangular, produced into elongate

upturned apexes.

This species is very strikingly marked.

Nothing is known concerning its biology or

food plant. It was described from a small

series of specimens from New Jersey and

it may represent an importation. It has

more recently been found in northern Illi-

nois, but the record is based upon a single

specimen.

Illinois Record.—Antioch : Julv 5-7,

1932, \$.

102. MACROSTELES Yxehcr

Macroslelcs Fieber (1866, p. 504).

Fig. 245B. Vertex longer at middle than

next to eyes, bluntly angled. Pronotum
short. Elytra long, exceeding the abdomen,

the two overlapping apically, each with a

distinct appendix, two anteapical cells, and

four apical cells. Each hind wing with three

closed apical cells. Male plate with attenu-

ated finger-like process. Male pygofers

with distinct caudoventral processes. Male

aedeagus with two finger-like apical proc-

esses. Connective with stem about equal

to arms in length.



340 Illinois Natural History Survf.y Bulletin J'ol.24,Art.2\

Sixteen species of JMacrostclcs arc usually converging into a curiously shaped

recorded by Dorst (1937) for the United hlack picture. Pronotum and scutellum

States, and six of these are known to occur variously marked with black. Female

in Illinois. seventh sternite, fig. 477B, truncate, pos-

terior margin slightly sinuate. Male plates,

Kev to Species fig. 4776', triangular, with pointed attenu-

, , r ated apexes, which are slightly divergent.
1. Length not more than 2.5 mm a i £ aio j aiqt> -i - .i .

1. potoria Aedeagus, hgs. 'i/SA, 'MVili, similar to that

Length more than 3.0 mm 2 of divisa, terminating in two finger-like proc-

2. Spots on vertex, fig. illA, convergent, esses, which are directed caudally. Style as

not distinct. .
.

.2. slossoni
;^ ^ ^yg^

Spots on vertex distinct, usually not con- " ....
tiuuGus 3 common transcontinental species in

3. Vertex, fig. USA, with three distinct pairs marshes and at the margins of swamps,

of spots arranged in two rows. ..._.._. . slossoni occurs on small vegetation asso-

,, . : ;,.
. ciated with species of Eleocliaris.

Vertex with one or two pairs or spots in
• r> j h/t tt t i tt

addition to spots next to eyes ...4 Illinois Record.—McHenry: July 27

4. Vertex, fig. 475^, with a pair of spots just 19.U, DeLong & Ross, 4 9 .

back of ocelli and none between ocelli

on margin 4. binotata
Vertex with a pair of spots back of ocelli

3_ Macrosteles divisa (Uhler)
and another pair between ocelli on
margin ... ••••• ^

j^^,,^ difisus Uhler (1877, p. 472)

.

r^nJ"^"'^
'"

rlepida ^'^"'''' ^^^''"''"" Fallen (1806, p. 34). (Ameri-

Without spots next' to eyes, fig. 473^.... can records cited in erro..)
'^ 6 variata Cicadula (juadnitneatus Forbes (1885, p. 68)

Length 3.5-4.5 mm. Greenish yelloW;

\. Macrosteles potoria (Ball) with three pairs of spots or transverse

dashes on vertex, fig. 476/^, the pair of
Cicadula poloria Ball (1900f, p. 346).

^^^^^ p„ margin and the pair on disc of

Length 2.0-2.5 mm. Very small, black, vertex usually transverse, the posterior pair

with a sharply angled vertex. Vertex, pro- usually round. There is usually a spot next "'

notum, and scutellum heavily marked with to each eye. Vertex bluntly produced and

black. Vertex, fig. 474^, usually black, rounded to front. Female seventh sternite,

with an oblique white spot on either side of fig. 476B, with posterior margin truncate or

a central white stripe, which terminates in roundedly produced. Male plates, fig. 4766',

a white posterior portion; often entire ver- short, triangular, apexes acutely pointed and

tex black. Elytra subhyaline, nervures dark. attenuated. Aedeagus, figs. 481/^, 481B,

Female seventh sternite, fig. 4745, slightly terminating in two finger-like processes that

emarginate at middle. Male plates, fig. are produced caudally and pointed at apexes.

474C, very short, apexes sharply pointed and Styles as in fig. 4816.

attenuate. Aedeagus, fig. 4805, terminating This species is the most common and

in two slender processes that are crossed important of the genus and is common upon

and directed laterally. Styles as in fig. 4806. many economic plants throughout the United

A common species on wet areas of ponds States. It is variable in size and intensity

and lagoons on a fine mat of Eleocliaris, of color markings.

potoria is recorded principally from the Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

eastern states. males, taken April 15 to October 30, are

Illinois Record.

—

Beach : July 25, 1934, from Algonquin, Alsip, Alton, Alto Pass,

Frison & DeLong, 4 c5 , 12 2. Antioch, Apple River Canyon State Park,

Aurora, Barry, Beach, Bradley, Buda,

2. Macrosteles slossoni (Van Duzee) Bushnell, Cache, Cairo, Carbondale, Car-

man, Cedar Lake, Champaign, Chemung,
Cicadula slossoni Van Vuzee (1893, p. 281). Decatur, Des Plaines, Dixon Springs, Du-

Length 3.5-4.0 mm. Smaller than divisa hois, East St. Louis, Evergreen Park, Fox
f;

and with darker markings. Vertex, fig. Lake, Fulton, Gefi, Gibson City, Grafton, M
477//, bluntly angled, with three pairs of Grays Lake, Harrisburg, Harvard, Havana,

black spots and another next to either eye Herod, Homer, Horseshoe Lake, Ingleside,
;

f



Jiuu-. 194S DeLono: Lk.afhoi'IM r*; m Iii.iNois 341

Figs. 472—t/?.

—

Miuroslelrs. .7, head ami pniiiolum; B, fc-inale genitalia; (.', male cxtcinal

genitalia. (After Dorst.)



342 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ot. 24, Art. 2

Kanipsville, Kankakee, Karnak, Kirkwood,

Lake Villa. Lawrencevillc, L'Erable, Lima,

Luther, Mahomet, Manteno, McHenry,
Mcredosia, Metropolis, Mokena, Momence,
.Monmouth, Monticello, Mount Carmel,

Mount Sterling, New Holland, Niota,

DIVISA VARIATA

Figs. 478—82.

—

Macrosteles, male genitalia.

A, lateral aspect of aedeagus; B, ventral as-

pect of aedeagus; C, style.

Normal, Norris City, Oak Lawn, Oakwood,
Oquawka, Ottawa, Palos Park, Pankey-
ville, Pecatonica, Pike, Port Byron, Prince-

ton, Putnam, Quincy, Quiver Lake, Ran-
toul, Rock Island, St. Anne, Savanna, Shaw-
neetown, Sheffield, Sparta, Springfield,

Spring Valley, Starved Rock State Park,

Summit, Thomson, Topeka, Urbana, Ursa,
Vandalia, Vienna, Volo, Wauconda, Wau-
kcgan, and Zion.

4. Macrosteles hinotata (Sahlberg)

Limotettix hinotata Sahlberg (1871, p. 242).
Cicadula suffusa Osborn (1915, p. 146).

Length 5 mm. Similar to variata; vertex,

fig. AISA, bluntly and angularly produced.
Vertex and frons orange yellow, vertex with
two black spots just above ocelli and a

smaller spot next to each eye. Female

seventh sternite, fig. 4755, with posterior

margin slightly sinuate, almost truncate.

This species is recorded from Ontario,

Maine, and Illinois. Only one female has

been taken in this state.

Illinois Record.—Waukecan: July 6,

1932, 19.

5. Macrosteles lepida (Van Duzee)

Cicadula lepida Van Duzee (1894rt, p. 139).

Length 4-5 mm. Vertex, fig. 472^, more
angularly produced than in variata, with

markings similar except for an additional

spot next to each eye. Vertex obtusely

angled, yellowish or yellowish green, a pair

of large round black spots near posterior

margin, two large black proximal spots on

anterior margin, and a black spot between

ocellus and compound eye on each side.

Elytra whitish hyaline, often smoky on basal

portion. Female seventh sternite, fig. 472B,

with posterior margin convexly rounded on

either side of a median broad shallow notch.

Male plates, fig. 472C, rather short, apexes

attenuated and appressed. Aedeagus, fig.

479A , similar to that of variata, terminating

in two finger-like processes, each recurved

beneath for one-third the length of shaft;

apical portion armed with teeth. Styles as

in fig. 479C.

Rather common in moist areas, especially

in woodland marshy habitats, lepida occurs

in the eastern part of the United States and

in the Middle W^est.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May 7 to August 25, are from Algon-

quin, Champaign, Dolson, Dubois, East

Cape Girardeau, Havana, Karnak, Pax-

ton, Urbana, Vienna, Volo, Wauconda, and

Zion.

6. Macrosteles variata (Fallen)

Cicada variata Fallen (1806, p. 34).

Jassiis fumatus Herrick-SchaefFer (1838, fasc.

153, p. 5).

Length 5-6 mm. Yellowish or yellowish

green, vertex, fig. 473^, with two large

black spots on anterior margin and two large

black spots near posterior margin; vertex

bluntly and angularly produced. Elytra

whitish hyaline, often smoky. Female

seventh sternite, fig. 4735, truncate, with a

V-shaped notch at center. Male plates, fig.

473C with long attenuate apexes. Aedea-

i

i



June, 194S DeLonc: Leafhopi'ers of Illinois 343

gus, fig. 482.y, terminating in two finger-

like processes that are about one-half the

length of aedeagus shaft and recurved under
shaft. Style as in fig. 482C
A common species on Impiilicns in moist

woodland areas, variata is widely distribut-

ed in the East and Middle West, and to

Colorado and New Mexico.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 18 to October 16, are

from Algonquin. Alton, Antioch, Apple
River Canyon State Park, Beach, Charles-

ton, Chemung, Chicago, Dixon, Dolson.

Dubois. Elizabeth, Elizabethtown, Elniira,

Fern Cliff, Fox Lake, Freeport, Grinnell,

Homer, Karnak, Meredosia, .Metropolis,

Monticello, Mounds, Oak Lawn, Oquawka.
Paxton, St. Joseph, Savanna, Shawnectown,
Temple Hill, Urbana, Volo, Wauconda,
White Heath, Wilmington, and Zion.

Subfamily J.\SSIN.4E

This group is characterized by a vertex

that is comparatively narrow anteriorly

between the eyes but distinctly broadened

posteriorly behind the eyes. The vertex is

raised between the eyes like a broad keel.

The forewlng is broad and broadly rounded

at apex. Frons long and nearly parallel

sided.

Two North American genera belong to

this subfamily.

Key to Gexf.ra

Face narrow, sides inflated below eyes, and
with frons, fig. 13, about three times as long
as wide; ocelli not visible between eyes: end
of abdomen exposed beyond elytra, fig. 485

104. Tinobregmus
Face broad, sides narrowed below eye, and

with Irons, tig. 14, about twice as long as

wide; ocelli visible between eyes; elytra cov-
ering abdomen 103. Jassus

103. JASSUS Fabricius

Jassus Fabricius (1803, p. 85).

Figs. 14, 24, 486. Head narrower than

pronotum, vertex quadrate, broadly curved

anteriorly, only slightly produced before

anterior margins of eyes; eyes large, not

widely separated. Pronotum very short,

emarginate posteriorly. Scutellum large,

very wide at base. Elytra broad, rather

short, apexes broadly rounded.

Four of the five species recorded for the

United States by Lawson (1927) arc found
in the eastern part of this country, and two
of these have been taken in Illinois, while
a third species may occur here.

Kev to Si>ecies

1. Color dark or transversely banded, hut
elytra without lighter costal margins;
.lede.agus bent or hooked at tip; female
seventh sternite variable 2

484

Female seventh sternite

Fi^. 483.

—

Jassus melanolus.

Fig. 484.

—

Jassus olilorius.

Color dark, costal margins pale; female
seventh sternite, fig. 483, with shallow
apical indentation; apex of lower por-
tion ol aedeagus blunt, not bent

1. melanotus
2. .Males dark or usually uniformly colored,

females usually with two distinct trans-
verse bands on each elytron; female
seventh sternite, fig. 484, with a narrow
median incision at produced apex

2. olitorius
I'nicolorous or with veins darker, each

elytron with not more than one trans-

verse band; female seventh sternite

with a faint notch at apex, . .3. borealis

I. Jassus melanotus Spangberg

Jassus melanotus Spangberg (1878rt, p. 19).

Length of male 6.0 mm., female 7.5 mm.
Robust; pronotum, scutellum, and elytra

dark brown to black, without pale trans-

verse bands in female but with each apex

and costal margin pale, often conspicuously

yellow. Vertex light greenish yellow, median

longitudinal line brown ; eyes dark. Face

greenish, with sides showing faint fuscous

arcs. Venter yellowish, marked with black.

Female seventh sternite, fig. 48.?, with pos-

terior margin bisinuate, forming three lobes,

the central one larger, longer than lateral

lobes and keeled at center. Male plates

long and narrow. Ventral portion of aedea-

gus with apical portion bent anteriorly and

with an apical spine.

This species has been collected in low



344 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J' ol. 24. Art. 2

marshy areas in the willow-sedge habitat.

It occurs in the eastern and middle western

states. The food plant is not known.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken June 27 to August 28, are from Alto

Pass, Apple River Canyon State Park, Che-

mung, Fountain Bluff, Golconda, Grand

Tower, Jonesboro, Karnak, Shawneetown,

Vienna, Warren, White Pines Forest State

Park, and Wolf Lake.

2. Jassus olitorius Say

Jassus olitorius Say (1831, p. 310).

Jassus subbifasciatus Say (1831, p. 310).

Jassus fuscipennis Spangberg (1878a, p. 20).

Fig. 486. Length 6.0-7.5 mm. Female

vertex dull yellow, with brown ocelli and

markings; pronotum light brown, a pale

median stripe bordered with a dark stripe

on either side; scutellum with the basal

angles and two spots on disc black; elytra

brown, nervures black, interrupted twice by

light transverse bands. Male with prono-

tum, scutellum, and elytra darker than in

female, without transverse bands on elytra.

Vertex obtusely rounded, about as long as

basal width. Female seventh sternite, fig.

484, twice as long as preceding, strongly pro-

duced and keeled at middle. Male plates

long and narrow. Lower portion of aedea-

gus blunt at apex, with an apical and a

vcntrocaudal spine.

Common on oak, sassafras, and similar

shrubs, olitorius occurs in the East and

Middle West, and southwest to Arizona.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken June 21 to October 1, are from
Aldridge, Alto Pass, Apple River Canyon
State Park, Ashley, Byron, Carbondale,

Charleston, Dixon Springs, Dolson, Don-
gola, Dubois, Elizabethtown, Fountain

Bluff, Golconda, Grand Tower, Herod,

Jonesboro, Kampsville, Kankakee, Karnak,

La Rue, Lawrenceville, Makanda, Mar-
shall, Metropolis, Normal, Oakwood, Olive

Branch, Onarga, Pekin, Pulaski, Quincy,

River Forest, Rock Island, St. Joseph,

Shawneetown, Sugar Grove, Sumner, Tem-
ple Hill, Urbana, Vienna, Warren, Watson,
White Heath, and Wolf Lake.

3. Jassus borealis Spangberg

Jassus borealis Spangberg (1879, p. 24).

Length 5.5-8.0 mm. Rusty brown to dark
brown, vertex usually yellow, with two

darker spots posterior to middle. Basal

angles of scutellum sometimes black. Elytra

usually unicolorous, sometimes with paler

areas on each clavus and across apexes of

anteapical cells; apexes of elytra sometimes

tinted with fuscous. Female seventh ster-

nite with distinct lateral angles between

which the posterior margin is rather

strongly and broadly produced with a faint

notch at apex. Male plates long, with

rounded apexes. Aedeagus similar to that

of olitorius but ventral process slightly more

enlarged at apex.

This species is known only from South

Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.

104. TINOBREGMUS Van Duzee

Tinobreymus Van Duzee (189+i, p. 213).

Figs. 13, 485. Head narrow, short, coni-

cal, vertex narrow between eyes, widened
|

anteriorly, expanded behind the eyes; ocelli f
on vertex near apex; eyes large. Pronotum

short, wider than head. Elytra short, ex-

tending to middle of abdomen, each with five

apical areoles, the outer one much larger.

Posterior wings rudimentary. The very

small scutellum and elongated face dis-

tinguish this from most other genera of

Nearctic Cicadellidae.

Lawson (1932fl) records four species and

one variety of this genus for the United

States; only one of these is known to occur

in Illinois.

1. Tinobregmus viridescens DeLong

Tinobregmus viridescens DeLong (1916, p.

92).

Fig. 485. Length of male 4.0 mm., female*

6.5 mm. Elytra yellowish green; a broad

band at each apex, and irregular longitudi-

nal lines running forward from the apex

black. Male vertex black; sutures and a

triangular area between vertex and eye and

the margin of the occiput pale; pronotum

greenish yellow. Elytra of male and female

similarly marked. Female seventh sternite

with a slightly sinuate posterior margin.

Male valve and almost all of plates con-

cealed in concavity of last sternite. Pygofers

large, curving over the plates.

This species occurs on rank herbaceous

growth, especially in open woodland in the

middle western and eastern states.

Illinois Records.

—

Ashley: July 6,

1889, Marten, 1 <? . Dubois: June 22, 1905,



June. 1948 DeLonc: LiiAFHo :rs oi- Illinois 345

19 ;
sweeping; from grass, July 2, 1909, 2 <i, Oman (19,?1) and Knull (194^) have

I 9 ; Aug. 9, 1917, 1 c$ . 6 9 ;
Au;:. 18, 1917. recorded 21 species and several subspecies

i i .
Metropolis: Aug. 19. 1891, Shiga, 19. ut \,,n;„li,lm for the United States, all of

Rosicl.xre: July 5, 19.?5. Prison & .Mohr, which are western or southwestern in dis-

-^*'^*TT^ff^"''»'***jn***^p^^

m«^.
'*^ nn a Wi-

Fi^. 485.— Tinohret/mus •vnidrscenf.

19. Sh.awnketown : Jmu- IS, 19,Ui, l)c-

Long & Ro.ss, 1 c5 ; June 27. 19.?b, DeLong
& .Mohr, 2(5. Vienna; June 14, 19.U, De-
Long & Ross, 1 nymph; July 29, 1934, De-
Long & Ross, 2 (J , 7 9 .

Subfamily NEOCOELIDIINAE

This group contains two Nearctic genera

characterized by a raised verte.x above and

in front of the eyes. They are similar to

the Jassinae in this feature, but the frons

i.s expanded dorsad and is not as long and

not as nearly parallel as in the Jassinae.

Key to Ge.vera

Clypcus with a distinct tubercle

106. Paracoelidia
Clypeus not tuberculate 105. Neocoelidia

105. NEOCOELIDIA Gillette &
Baker

Hcucorlidui (iilU-tte k Baker (1895, p. 103).

Head narrower than pronotum, short,

obtusely conical. l-"ront broad, almost paral-

lel, antennae long. Pronotum short and

broad, anterior and posterior margins nearly

parallel. Scutellum large. Elytra variable

in length, first sector branched once on the

apical two-thirds with four apical cells.

trihution. < )nc species, liimitlifrnns, has ex-

tended its range into the eastern states.

1. Neocoelidia ttimidifrons Gillette &
Hakcr

Neocoelidia tumidijroits CJillette & Baker
(1895, p. 104).

Fig. 487. Length 4 mm. Pale yellow or

p.ile greenish, robust, usually with a black

spot in each basal angle of scutellum. \'er-

tex and face often washed with orange.

Vertex curved to front, one-half longer at

middle than next to eyes. Pronotum three

times as broad as long. Elytra broad and

rather short, reaching just to tip of abdo-

men. Female seventh sternite with posterior

margin broadly excavated and with a short

median tooth ; lateral angles slightly rounded.

ALile valve broadly triangular. Plates more
than one-half longer than valve, gradually

tapered from bases to pointed apexes, ex-

ceeded by pygofers at apexes. Pygofers

visible at the sides of plates to bases.

Common in moist wooded areas, especially

where herbaceous growth is abundant, this

species has been found in the eastern states

and west to Texas and Colorado.

Illinois Records.—Males and females,

taken May 9 to August 2i, are from Alto

Pass, Dongola, Dubois, Evergreen Park,



346 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24. Art. 2

Fig. 486.—Jassus olitorius: a, adult; b, head

and pronotum; r, face; d, female genitalia;

e, male genitalia; /, elytron. (From Osborn.)

Jonesboro, Karnak, Oak Lawn, Oakwood,
Olive Branch, Pankeyville, Shawneetown,

Vienna, and Wauconda.

106. PARACOELIDIA Baker

Pararorlidia Baker (1898/, p. 292).

Very similar to Neococlidia, but with a

decided tubercle on clypcus. Wings always

long and narrow.

Only one of the three Nearctic species

may occur in Illinois. The others are known
only from Arizona.

1. Paracoelidia tuberculata Baker

Paracoelidia tuberculata Baker
292).

(1898/,

Length 5 mm. Slender, elongate, similar

in general appearance to the western species

of Neocoelidia, but with a tubercle on the

clypeus. Vertex produced, subangulate.

Color yellowish, elytra subhyaline, a smoky
stripe along the inner margins, and apexes

smoky. Female seventh sternite truncate.

Male valve long, angled, tapering. Male
plates short, apexes obtuse.

Although common on pine in various areas

of the eastern and southern United States,

tuberculata has not been taken in Illinois.

Eventually it may be found here.

Fig. 487.

—

Neocoelidia tumidifrons: a, adult;

/', head and pronotum; r, face; d, female geni-

talia; c, male genitalia; /, elytron; g, nymph.

Subfamily BALCLUTHINAE

The two anteapical cells of the forewing

and three apical cells of the hind wing will

easily separate the members of this group

from other subfamilies, except some long-

winged forms of normally short-winged

Athysaninae.

Representatives of two genera belonging

to this group occur in Illinois.

Key to Genera

Head narrower than pronotum, somewhat
angularly produced, fig. 28

107. Balclutha
Head wider than pronotum, vertex not pro-

duced, broadly rounded, fig. 25
108. Nesosteles

107. BALCLUTHA Kirkaldy

Gnathodus Fieber (1866, p. 505). Name pre-

occupied.

Balclutha Kirkaldy (1900, p. 243). New name.
Eugnatliodus Baker (1903, p. 1).

Fig. 28. Head narrower than pronotum,

vertex broadly rounded to bluntly and angu-

larly produced. Each elytron with inner

sector not forked, forming two anteapical

cells. Aedeagus usually enlarged at base

but not forming a dorsally directed process

at anterior end.

Davidson & DeLong (1935) recorded

J



June, 1948 DeLonc: Leafhoppers of Illinois 347

six species and two varieties for the United

States, of which three species and the two

varieties occur in Illinois. The other species

are western.

Kf.v ro Si'F.ciEs

1. \'ertex broadly rounded; acdcaiius, tij;.

489,^, short, apex curved caudally and
dorsally but not anteriorly

1. abdominalis
\'ertex hluntly angled; aedeayus longer,

directed anteriorly at apex and some-
times extending into preceding segment

Fig. 48H.—Bui 1 1 III /hi

piinitata. (From Us-

bnrn.)

.i\edeagus, fig. 489B, abruptly narrowed
near base to a long and slender portion,

which extends to posterior margin of

preceding segment . 3

.\edeagus, fig. 489C, shorter, basal portion

more gradually narrowed to apical

portion, which extends anteriorly only

about half way to posterior margin of

preceding segment; dorsum marked with

brown 2. punctata
Color yellowish, sometimes washed with

pale green 3. impicta
Color usually dark green, or if pale then

marked with black or brown 4

Color dark green, veins conspicuously

green or rugose
4. impicta var. osborni

Color yellowish or greenish, mottled with
dark green or black

5. impicta var. maculata

1. Balcliitlui ahdoDiinalis (\'an Uuzee)

Gnathodus abdominalis Van Duzee (1892i, p.

113).

Length i mm. Dull yellow, ocelli dark
;

i^ertex bluntly rounded, a little mure than

twice as wide as median length, produced

nore than one-half its length before anterior

Tiargins of the eyes. Pronotum with promi-

lent lateral angles. Aedeagus in lateral view,

ig. 489^;/, with a basal enlargement extend-

ng dorsally; apical portion gradually taper-

ng to a dorsally directed tip. Styles with

thick hlunt apical processes. Connective
thick at base, with a rather narrow incision.

Apex enlarged and slightly indented at

middle.

1 his is a common transcontinental spe-

cies which, in Illinois, occurs on herbaceous
growth.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken April 21 to November 15, are

from Algonquin, Alton, Alto Pass, Anna,
Apple River C?anyon State Park, Heach,

Hrowntield, Cave in Rock, Champ.iign,

Dixon, Dixon Springs, Dolson, Dongola,

Effingham, Eichorn, Elizabethtown, Ever-

green Park, Farina, Fulton, (Jeff, (loiconila,

Cjrafton, Hanover, Havana, Herod, Ingle-

side, Justice, Kampsville, Monticcllo, Mun-
cie, Newton, Norris City, Oakwood,
Oquawka, Oregon, Pike, Port Hyron.

Princeton, Pulaski, Rock Island, St. Anne,

Savanna, Savoy, Shawneetown, Springfield,

Starved Rock State Park, Urhana, Vienna.

\'olo. Wauconda. White Heath, and Zion.

Pig_489.

—

Baltluthn, male genitalia,

ventral and lateral aspects.

A-C,



348 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin

2. Balclutha punctata (Thunberg)

Fol.24,Art.;

Cicada punctata Thunberg (1784, p. 21).

Gnathndus cnnfusus Gillette & Baker (1895,

p. 10+).

Gnathodus occidcntahs Baker (1896fl, p. 41).

Gnalhodus livinr/stoni Baker (1896fl, p. 42).

Fig. 488. Length 3.5-4.0 mm. Color vari-

able from gray or pale yellow to green and

with markings variable or absent. The well-

marked specimen with a somewhat red-

dish broken transverse band across vertex
;

mottlings on anterior portion of pronotum

and median longitudinal line of pronotum,

and basal angles and median line on scutel-

lum reddish or brown. Elytra frequently

with veins ferruginous or brown; inner por-

tion of each clavus and a broken oblique

band extending almost to costa brown ; tip

of clavus, spot on disc, also spots on pos-

terior portions of anteapical cells, and por-

tions of outer and inner apical cells brown.

Vertex bluntly angled, almost parallel mar-

gined, nearly four times as wide between

eyes as median length, produced almost its

entire length before anterior margins of the

eyes.

Aedeagus in lateral view, fig. 489C, gradu-

ally tapering from a broad elongated basal

portion to a slender apical portion that is

pointed and curves dorsally, then anteriorly,

the apex reaching the middle of the last

segment or a little farther cephalad. Apex
of connective terminating in two rather nar-

row divergent processes.

A common species in Illinois, punctata

ranges from the Middle West to British

Columbia.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken March 26 to November 12,

are from Algonquin, Alto Pass, Amboy,
Apple River Canyon State Park, Beach,

Chemung, Danville, Dubois, Effingham,

Fountain Bluff, Herod, Hopedale, Lake
\nila, Mahomet, Monticello, Muncie, Oak-
wood, Ozark, Palos Park, Rock Island,

Urbana, Volo, White Heath, and Zion.

3. Balclutha impicta (Van Duzee)

(1892ft, p.Gnathndus impictus Van Duzee
113),

Length 3.5 mm. Yellow, tinged with

green. Vertex bluntly angled, conspicuously

narrower than pronotum, more than three

times as wide as median length, produced

two-thirds its length before anterior mar-

gins of the eyes. Aedeagus in lateral view,'

fig. 489B, enlarged at base, apical portion

long and narrow, extending dorsally, then

directed anteriorly along dorsal wall into

preceding abdominal segment. Styles deeply

notched at apexes forming long curved inner

finger-like processes. Connective widely and

deeply notched at base, forming a pair of

widely separated curved processes. Apex
deeply notched so as to form two rounded

divergent tips.

Avery common species in Illinois, impi.ta

is found in the eastern states and west to

Washington.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken May 10 to September 20, are

from Algonquin, Antioch, Apple River Can-

yon State Park, Atlas, Beach, Buckley,

Buda, Cairo, Cave in Rock, Champaign,

Chemung, Danville, Dixon Springs, Dolson,

Dongola, Dubois, Eichorn, Elizabeth, Eliza-

bethtown. Farina, Fourth Lake, Grafton,

Havana, Herod, Justice, Kampsville, Kar-

nak, La Grange, Lake Villa, Macomb,
Monticello, Muncie, New Milford, New-
ton, Niota, Norris City, Oakwood, Oregon,

Palos Park, Pike, Port Byron, Rock Island,

Round Lake, St. Anne, Savanna, Seymour,

Shawneetown, Springfield, Starved Rock

State Park, Temple Hill, Urbana, Ursa,

Vienna, Volo, Warsaw, Wauconda, White

Heath, White Pines Forest State Park,

Wilmington, and Zion.

4. Balclutha impicta var. osborni

Van Duzee

Gnathodus viridis Osborn (1905ft, p. 541).

Name preoccupied.

Balclutha osborni Van Duzee (1916, p. 75).

New name.

Length 3.5-4.0 mm. Size and form of

impicta, with the same type of genital char-

acters. Color yellowish, tinted with green.

Venation dark green, rugose.

This form has been recorded from the

eastern states and Canada, and a few speci-

mens have been taken in Illinois.

Illinois Records.

—

Apple River Canyon
State Park: July 11, 1934, DeLong & Ross,

2 5,22. Dongola : Aug. 23, 1916, 1 <J , 1 9

.

JONESBORO: State Forest, July 31, 1934,

beLong & Mohr, \S. Urbana: July 21,

1889, C. A. Hart, U. Vienna: June 14

1934, DeLong & Ross, 2 i . VoLO: July 27,

1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 £ .

I



June, 1948 DeLont. : Leafhoppers of Illinois 349

5. lialclutha impicta var. maculata

Davidson & DeLong

Baliliil/ia impicla var. maculata Davidson &•

DeLong (1935, p. 101 I.

Length 3.5 mm. Coloration same as in

well-marked specimens of punctata, but

with size and genitalia of impicla. Mark-

ings frequently very heavy, with vertex,

pronotum, and entire elytra heavily mottled

with brown; often bright green, with heavy

markings on posterior portion of pronotum;

elytra with scattered spots on each clavus,

a large spot at apex, and three or four

conspicuous spots on central portion brown.

Degree and intensity of spotting vary.

This variety is recorded from the eastern

states and west to Wisconsin and Illinois.

Illinois Records.—Many males and fe-

males, taken April 5 to November 25, are

from Algonquin, Apple River Canyon State

Park, Carmi, Champaign, Dolson, Dongola,

Duncans Mills, Fulton, Golconda, Muncie,

Newton, Port Byron, Pulaski, Rock Island,

St. Joseph, Springfield, Starved Rock State

Park, Urbana, Volo, Warren, White Heath,

and White Pines Forest State Park.

108. NESOSTELES Kirkaldy

Sesnsleles Kirkaldv (1906, p. 343).

Agellus Davidson k DeLong (1933, p. 210).

Fig. 25. Vertex broadly rounded and

scarcely produced before the anterior mar-

gins of the eyes, anterior and posterior mar-

gins almost parallel; head slightly broader

than pronotum, lateral posterior angles of

pronotum not wider than vertex. Cjeneral

I venation as in Balclutlia. with inner sector

of elytron not forked, two anteapical cells

I
being produced. Aedeagus with dorsobasal

I
protruding processes. In Balclutlia the basal

i portion is enlarged and may extend dorsally

[|
but without finger-like processes.

Davidson & DeLong (1935) record eight

species and one variety in the United States,

hut only one species and the only variety

in the genus are known to occur in Illinois.

L Ni'sosteles neglecta (DeLong &
Davidson)

Eugnalhodus ncylecta OcLong S: Davidson

(1933, p. 55).

Length 3.5 mm. Pale to dark brown in

color, often with rather conspicuous mark-

ings on vertex, pronotum, and scutellum.

Elytra smoky to white. \'ertcx broadly

rounded, almost parallel margined, and
about four times as wide as long. Female
seventh sternite almost truncate, posterior

margin slightly emarginate on either side

of a central slightly produced inconspicuous

median tooth. Male plates triangular, about

half as wide at base as long. Aedeagus in

lateral view rather heavy at base, anterior

process extending dorsally, arising not far

from the point of union with the connective;

body of aedeagus extending caudally,

tapered, and extending dorsally and slightly

posteriorly ; terminal portion about twice

the length of the anterior process.

This species is common and widely dis-

tributed in the United States and is found

throughout Illinois.

Illinois Records.— .Many males and fe-

males, taken May 4 to October 11, are

from Alton, Apple River Canyon State Park.

IJeach, Billett, Carman, Collinsville, Ever-

green Park, Fox Lake, Fulton, Galena,

Hanover, Havana, Herod, Lawrenceville,

Monmouth, Monticello. Mount Carmel,

Mount Sterling, .Muncie, Oakwood, Ogden,

Oquawka, Pere Marquette State Park, Pike,

Port Byron, Rock Island, Starved Rock

State Park, Thomson, Lirbana, \'icnna, and

Zion.

2. Nesosteles neglecta var. pallidens

DeLong

liutjnalhndus nci/letia var. palliJa DeLong &
Davidson (1933, p. 56). Name preoccupied.

Nesosteles riegleclus var. pallidens DeLong
(19+4A, p. 272). New name.

Length 3.0-3.5 mm. In form and general

appearance similar to typical uefflecla, but

pale green or white in color. Disc of prono-

tum sometimes slightly darker than adjacent

areas, and dorsal portion of abdomen black

or dark brown. (Jenital characters as in

typical neglecta.

This form was previously recorded from

the southern states.

Illinois Records.

—

Heroo: Aug. 4, 1934,

DeLong & Mohr, I <^ . .Monmouth: at

light, July 2, 1934, DeLong & Ross, 1 i .

Subfamily CICADELLINAE

The insects of this group are small and

frail. This characteristic alone will usually



350 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, Art. 2

separate them from those of other groups.

The absence of crossveins anterior to the

apical crossveins is always a good way to

characterize these species, and the ocelli are

often absent.

As mentioned in the foreword, the size of

the group precluded a detailed treatment

of the subfamily Cicadellinae in the present

project. I have included, however, a key to

the Nearctic genera of the subfamily, to-

gether with notes on generic diagnosis as an

aid to the student in identifying material.

As a further aid in this direction, citations

arc given under several genera to compre-

hensive taxonomic papers treating them.

Key to Genera

1. Each elytron with definite appendix, with
three or four closed apical cells, as in

fig. 490 2

Each elytron without appendix, number
of closed apical cells varied, as in fig.

491.
""3

Appendix curved and ending at about
apical cell; elytra each with four apical

and no anteapical cells, fig. 490. Each
hind wing with curved anterior veins

definitely surrounded by wing membrane
no. Alebra

Appendix nearly straight, not extending
to apical cell; elytra each with three or

four apical cells, anteapicals sometimes
present, fig. 493. F.ach hind wing with
the curved anterior apical vein marginal

109. Protalebra
Veins of hind wings ending in a marginal

vein, apical cells closed, fig. 500 4

Veins of hind wings extending to margin,
one or more apical cells not closed, fig.

505
_ _ ^

...fO
Anterior apical vein of each hind wing not

coalescing with costal margin, con-

tinuous with first sector in bounding the

outermost closed apical cell, fig. 500. . .

115. Empoasca

501 \W/ 503

Elytra of Cicadellinae

Fig. 490.-

Fig.491.-

Fig. 492.-

Fig. 493.-

Fig. 494.-

-Alebra albostriella.

-Empoasca oblusa.

-Atconeura rotundala.

-Protalebra brasiliensis.

-Dikraneura malt.

Fig. 495.—Forcipata loca.

Fig. 496.

—

Typhlocyba sp.

Fig. 497.

—

Dikraneuroidea bcamcri.

Fig. 498.

—

Idona minucnda.

Fig. 499.—Erythroneura oblir/iia.

Hind wings of Cicadellinae

Fig. 500.—Empoasca obtusa.

Fig. 501.—Idona minuenda.
Fig. 502.—Forcipata loca.

Fig. 503.—Joriima sp.

Fig. 504.—Dikratieuroidea bcameri.

Fig. 505.—Cicadclla fiavoscuta.

Fig. 506.—Typhlocyba qiicrci.

Fig. 507.—Erythroneura ohliqua.



Jiaif. 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 351

Anterior apical vein of each hind wini;
directed toward, often joinini;, costal
margin, not continuous with first sector
and not forming part of boundary of
outermost distailv closed apical cell, fin.

_ 502. ._
,....' "5

5. Each hind wing with two closed apical
cells, fig. 502 6

F.ach hind wing with one closed apical
cell, fig. 501 8

6. Second apical cell of each elytron dis-
tinctly pedunculate at base, fig. 492.

113. Alconeura
.Second apical cell of each elytron not

pedunculate at base, fig. 494 7
7. Elytra each with first crossvein present,

fig. 494: male plates, fig. 512.^, flat, tri-

angular; female seventh sternite, fig.

512C, rounded . . .112. Dikraneura
Elytra each with first crossvein wanting;

second, third, and fourth crossvcins
spaced more distant from each other
than above, fig. 495; male plates, figs.

514./, 514S, cylindrical, narrow, greath
separated at middle; female seventh
sternite, fig. 514C, with a large median
strongly produced lobe

114. Forcipata
8. Elytral crossveins usually not meeting;

third apical cell pedunculate, fig. 498. .

116. Idona
Elytral crossveins usually in line; second

apical cell pedunculate, fig. 497; hind
wing as in fig. 504

111. Dikraneuroidea
9. Hind wings with at least one closed and

one open apical cell, fig. 503
117. Joruma

Hind wings with no closed apical cells,

fig. 505. . 10
10. Hind wing with four veins extending to

margin of wing, forming three open
apical cells, fig.'505 118. Cicadella

Hind wing with three veins extending to

margin of wing, forming two open apical
cells, fig. 506 ".

11
11. Elytra with fourth apical vein of each

curving to rounded margin; second apical
cell triangular, usually stalked, fig. 496

119. Typhlocyba
Elytra with fourth apical vein of each
more nearly paralleling margin, second
apical cell quadrate, not stalked, fig.

499 12
12. Scutellum elevated at apex, fig. 513£

120. Hymetta
Scutellum flat, not elevated at apex

121. Erythroneura

109. PROTALEBRA Baker

Protalctiia Baker (1899, p. 402).

]• ij^. 49.?. This genus is characterized by

having a definite appendi.x on each elytron,

appendix not extending around the apex

;

the elytron has four apical and no ante-

apical cells. The species of this genus are

tropical or subtropical, and only tun ;ire

recorded for the United States. One of

these, hrasilirnsis Hakcr (1899, p. 405),
occurs in the United States in Florida and
Texas only.

110. ALEBRA Fieher

Alebra Fieber (1872, p. 14).

Fig. 490. This genus has a definite ap-
pendix extending around the apex of each
elytron. There are tour apical and no ante-
apical cells in the elytron. The vertex is

usually rather broadly rounded and scarcely
or only slightly produced anteriorly.

Insofar as known the members of this

genus feed upon trees and shrubs. About
a dozen species and varieties have been
recorded for the Nearctic region. The com-
mon species of the genus in Illinois is albo-
strnlla (Fallen) (1826, p. 54).

111. DIKRANEUROIDEA Lawson

Dikraneuroidea Lawson (1929, p. 307).

Figs. 497, 504. The only member of this

genus resembles certain species of Diha-
niura, but it has only one closed apical cell

in the hind wing. It is further distinguished

from closely related genera by having the

crossveins almost in a straight line. The
only known species of this genus, beamiri
Lawson (1929, p. ,307), occurs in Texas.

112. DIKRANEURA Hardy

Dikraneura Hardy (1850, p. 423).

Fig. 494. The genus Dikramiira belongs

to the group of genera that have two closed

apical cells in the hind wing. Each elytron

has the first crossvein present, and one or

both of the first and fourth crossveins are

but little basad of the second and third; the

latter two are usually but little basad ot

each other. The vertex is usually well pro-

iluced and bluntly, sometimes pointedly,

angled.

About 60 Nearctic species have been de-

scribed, and several occur in Illinois. A
common grassland and pasture species is

mali (Provancher) (1890, p. 298). The
vertex, female seventh sternite, and male

genitalia are shown in fig. .''12.

113. ALCONEURA Ball & DeLong

.lUoneura Ball & UeLong (1925, p. 334).

F'ig. 492. This genus is closely related

to Dikraneura and contains species that are



.552 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ol. 24, Art. 2

small, robust, and usually highly orna-

mented. Each hind wing has two closed

apical cells. Each elytron has four distinct

apical cells; the second cell is always tri-

angular and pedunculate. Due to the union

of the second and third nervures for some

distance at the base, the first cell is distinct

but irregular in shape.

Griffith (1936) records 20 Nearctic spe-

cies of Alconeuia, and nearly all are found

in the West and Southwest. One species,

njtundala Ball & DeLong (1925, p. 335),

has been taken in the states just west of

Illinois, and may be collected at some time

in this state.

114. FORCIPATA DeLong & Caldwell

Forcipata DeLong & Caldwell (1942, p. 49;
sre also 1936, p. 70).

Figs. 495, 502. The species of this genus

have bluntly angled heads and resemble

species of Dikraneura in form and general

appearance. They are usually yellow, tinged

with orange, and have genital structures

that differ from those of allied genera. The
male plates are cylindrical, strongly curved

outwardly at base so that they are widely

separated at middle. The female seventh

sternite bears a large strongly produced

median lobe that differs in shape among the

species, but always occupies the median half

or more of the posterior margin. Each

elytron lacks the first crossvein, and the

second, third, and fourth crossveins are

more widely separated than in the Dikra-

neura elytron.

Ten species of Forcipata are known for

tlie United States, of which loca DeLong
& Caldwell (1936, p. 71 ; 1942, p. 49) is the

most widely distributed eastern one. It is

common in Illinois on small grasses in pas-

tures and open woodland.

115. EMPOASCA Walsh

Empoasca Walsh (1862, p. 149).

Figs. 491, 500, 508. For the most part

this genus contains small delicate greenish

species of leafhoppers. The members of

this genus can most easily be distinguished

from their close generic relatives by the

absence of an appendix on the elytron and
by the presence of one apical cell in the

hind wing, which is closed by a submarginal

vein. As in other related genera there are

no anteapical cells present in either pair of

wings.

Empoasia contains nearly 200 described

Nearctic species, and several of them are

of economic importance. Two common spe-

cies in Illinois are maliyiia (Walsh) (1864,

I

Fig. 508.

—

Empoasca fabac.

p. 317), fig. 510, occurring commonly on

apple, and fabae (Harris) (1841, p. 186),

fig. 511, which occurs on nearly all leguml

nous plants. The second species is especially

a pest of clover, alfalfa, beans, and potatoes, ,

and is frequently abundant on apple. Most 3

of the species of this genus are so closely-j

related that they can be distinguished only j

by characters of the male genitalia.

116. IDONA DeLong

Idona DeLong (1931, p. 50).

Figs. 498, 501. The genus may be char-

acterized as having a strongly produced and

bluntly pointed vertex. Each hind wing has

only one closed apical cell. The crossveins

of each elytron are not arranged in a|

straight line, and the third apical cell isj

parallel sided. One United States species]

with two varieties is known. The typical!

species, minuenda (Ball) (1921, p. 23), is;

greenish in color and resembles some species

j

of Empoasca.



June. 194S DeLoxc: Leafhoppers of Illinois 353

117. JORUMA McAtee

hruma McAtee (1924, p. 34).

Fig. 503. This genus is characterized by

laving the hind pair of wings each with one

closed and one open apical cell. In contrast

to most ot the genera of Cicadellinae, this

f^enus has well-developed ocelli. The cross-

vein that should form the base for the first

apical cell is rudimentary.

Two species are known for the United

States; at least one of these, pisca McAtee
(1924, p. 34), may be found in southern

Illinois.

118. CWA BELLA Dumeril

Ckadella Dumeril (1806, pp. 266-7, 334).

Eupteryx Curtis (1833, p. 192).

Fig. 505. In general appearance the

members of the genus Cicadella resemble

species of Typhlocyba, to which they are

closely related. Each hind wing of Cicadella

has no wing margin; so the four veins e.\-

tend to the margin, forming three apical

cells. In Typhlocyba only two apical cells

are formed.

About 10 species of Cicadella are known

for the United States. C. flavuscuta (Gil-

lette) (1898/-, p. 749) has been taken in

small numbers in Illinois. It lives upon

ferns in wooded areas. Several other species

probably occur here.

119. TYPHLOCYBA Germar

Typhlocyba Germar (1833, p. 180).

Figs. 496, 506. The species of the genus

Typhlocyba are for the most part white,

cream, or pale in color but often with

bright markings. Most of the species feed

upon trees and shrubs. These species have

a blunt produced vertex, which is scarcely

angled, almost rounded, and each hind wing

has two open apical cells. The second

apical cell of each elytron is triangular,

usually with a basal stalk.

About 80 Nearctic species and varieties

of this genus are known. Probably the most

common and important species in Illinois

is the white apple leafhopper, pomaria

McAtee (1926, p. 29). It is a common

pest of apple in the East and Middle West,

and at times becomes very abundant, caus-

ng a considerable loss of chlorophyll in the

[eaves.

120. HYMETTA McAtee

Hymella McAtee (1919, p. 121).

Fig. 513£. The chief character that

separates this genus from Erythroiieiira, to

which it is closely allied, is the thickened

scutellum and the elevation of its posterior

margin. The venational characters of the

wing are very close to those of Erylhro-

ncura.

Eight species and varieties of llyiiulla

have been described for the United States.

A common species on shrubbery in wooded
areas is trifasciata (Say) (1825, p. 344).

121. ERYTHRONEURA Fitch

Erythroneitra Fitch (1851, p, 62).

Figs. 499, 507, 509. This genus contains

several hundred minute species of leaf-

hoppers, many of which are pale, with color

spots or stripes, or more generally brightly

colored, especially with some shade of red.

The vertex is produced, bluntly angled,

with the apex often rounded. These leaf-

hoppers belong to the group that has no

closed apical cells in the hind wing and has

two open or incomplete cells formed by

three veins extending to the apical margin.

Erythroneura differs from Typhlocyba and

Hymetta by having the second apical cell

quadrate instead of triangular.

Former workers, particularly McAtee

(1920), Robinson (1926), and Beamer

(19364, 1946), have divided the species into

various groups upon the basis of wing vena-

tion, and the following key to groups is

based upon their work and adapted from it.

Krv Tn Groi PS

1. .Second sector of each elytron joining with

the fourth apical vein at crossveins,

forming a definite continuous line 2

Second sector of each elytron staggered at

crossveins, not joining with the fourth

apical vein J

2. Basal crossvein of fourth apical cell

oblique maculata group

Basal crossvein of fourth apical cell square
comes grouj)

3. Basal crossvein of fourth apical cell

curved or sloping; vertex and pronotum

marked with two stripes that diverge

posteriorly obliqua grouji

Basal crossvein composed of two short

veins that are angled with each other,

vertex and pronotum usually without

divergent stripes

vulnerata-kansana group



J54 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 24, An. 2

The obltQua Group

The species that are allied in this group

have a color pattern consisting of oblique

reddish lines or a V-shaped mark upon the

vertex and pronotum ; this pattern may be

variously modified in both color and inten-

sity so that a broad dark or reddish stripe

may occur on each elytron, forming a rather

solid stripe on the middle of the closed

elytra. The pygofer hooks of this group are

rather short, thick, pointed at the apical

ends, each bearing a short process beneath.

The typical coloration of obliqua (Say)

(1825, p. 342) is yellow, with two red

stripes on vertex and pronotum, stripes

diverging from apex of vertex. Elytra each

with two oblique red stripes, one on each

clavus and another on corium close to claval

suture. There is also a reddish stripe along

costal margin. In one common species, law-

son'uina Baker (1926, p. 347), the color pat-

tern is such that a broad stripe widens from

apex of elytra. This stripe may vary in

color from bright red to black. Both of

the species mentioned above are commonly

found on apple.

The vulnerata Group

The species of this group are all dark

colored, with a pale median longitudinal

line across vertex, pronotum, and scutellum.

The crossveins, and frequently short por-

tions of other veins, are white.

The most common species, vulnerata

Fitch (1851, pp. 62, 63), is dark greenish,

reddish, or brown, with median white line

across vertex, pronotum, and scutellum, and

a line bordering each eye. The pronotum

is marked vvith white spots. Each of the

elytra is piarked with white on the clavus

and corium. This species is common on

grape and other vines.

The kansana Group

This group differs from the vulnerata

group in color only and can scarcely be con-

sidered as a separate group. These species

are not dark in color nor do they have the

median pale stripe on the vertex, pronotum,

and scutellum, but they are variable in

color and seem to have no constant charac-

ter to separate them from that group.

A common species of this group, kansana

Baker (1925, p. 537), is characterized by

having a dark brown or black scutellum.

The vertex varies in color from reddish

with pale spots to dusky yellow. The prono-

tum may vary from yellow with reddish

markings anteriorly and brown posteriorly

Fig. 509.—Erytlironeura vitis.

to a dark brown throughout. The elytra

are pale, with reddish markings on each

clavus, corium, and on crossveins. This

species is often common on apple or orna-

mental plants.

The maculata Group

The species of this group can be sepa-

rated from those of other groups by a wing

character as noted in the key, and in addition

the fourth apical cell is always marked by a

black spot in basal portion. The pygofer

hooks are long and spearlike.

Two color patterns are predominant in

this group. The maculata type pattern,

found in maculata (Gillette) (1898A, p.

764), is composed of a yellow or pale back-

ground upon which is a rather large num-

ber of small red or yellow spots. The other

color pattern is either a transverse or oblique

band of red or some shade of brown upon a

pale background. E. basilaris (Say) (1825,

p. 344) is a common example of this second

group.

E. maculata is a common species on wild



June, 194S DeLoxo: r.EAFHoi'i'i-RS (ir Illinois 355

Cicadelliiiae: A, ventral aspect of male genitalia; li. lateral aspect uf male genitalia; C', female
genitalia; D, heatl and pronotum ; H, head, thorax, and scutellum. lateral aspect.

Fig. 510.

—

Empoasca maligna.

Fig. 511.

—

Empoasra fabae.

Fig. 514.

—

Funipdtd ludi.

Fig. 512.

—

Dikraniura mull.

Fig. 513.

—

Ilymellii trijiuiidla.

and cultivated grape, and at times becomes
abundant on Cralutyus. E. liinilaris is one
ot the common species on apple and orna-

mental plants.

The comes Group

This group is one of the largest of the

genus, and the species are rather difficult

to separate. As noted, this group has the

fourth apical cell with a square base; the

second apical cell has either a black spot or

a smoky area in its apical portion, and the

base of the fourth apical is similarly marked.
Pygofer hooks of the male genitalia form
U-shaped processes that hear caudally di-

rected processes, the ventral one of which
is always longer.

In color the members of the cniiics group
vary greatly, and there is no uniform color

pattern that can be used in recognizing the

species of this group. Certain species are

very pale, cither with no markings, as in

the case of ililuula McAtee (1920, p. 317),

or with faint markings, which are not easily

recognized. Other species, for example

infuscata Gillette (1898A, p. 764), are

almost entirely dark brown. Still others are

marked with bands or stripes. £. Iricincln

(Fitch) (1851, p. 63) has transverse bands,

and ziczac Walsh (1862. p. 149) is marked
with some rather broad zigzag longitudinal

stripes.

K. comes (Say) (1825, p. 343), is com-

mon on wild and cultivated grape; ziczac

is common on certain ornamental vines,

especially Boston ivy. It also occurs on

wild grape, poison ivy, and Virginia creeper.

E. tricincta is one of the well known and

more distinctly marked grape Icafhoppers,

and it is also found on several of the orna-

mental vines.





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[357]



I

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360 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin f'ol. 24, Art. 2

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1858fl. Die Alliysanus arten der gegend von Wiesbaden. 14 pp. Wiesbaden.

1858^. Zerlegung der Gattung Jassus Germ, in weitere Gattiingen. Jahrbiichern des

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Knull, Dorothy J.

1940. New Cicadellidae (Homoptera). Ent. News 51:290-3.

1942. The genus Ncocoelidia in the United States (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Am.
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1944. Notes on leafhoppers with descriptions (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio Jour.

Sci. 44:234-42. 1 pi.

1946. The genus Bandara Ball (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ent. Soc. Am. Ann. 39(2J:^
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1866. Dorycephalus genre nouveau de Homopteres. Horae Societatis Entomologicae

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Lathrop, Frank H.
1917. A preliminary list of Cicadellidae (Homoptera) of South Carolina. Ohio Jour.

Sci. 17(4) : 119-31. 7 figs.

Lawson, Paul B.

1927. The genus Jassus in America north of Mexico. (Cicadellidae-Hemiptera). Can.

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1928. The genus Driotura Osborn and Ball and the genus Unoka gen. n. (Homoptera,

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1929. Genus Dikraneuroidea gen. n. (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Bui.

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I931rt. The genus Xerophloea in North America (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Pan-Pacific

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1931i. The genus Drylix in North America (Homoptera. Cicadellidae). Ent. Soc, Am.
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1932a. The genus Tinobregmus (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Ent. Soc. Am. Ann. 25(2):

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1933. A new Penthimia (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Kans. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6(l):34-5.

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Le Baron, William

1853. Observations upon two species of insects injurious to fruit trees. Prairie Farmer
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Leonard, Mortimer D., and Cyrus R. Crosby
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Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, Amedee L. M., and Audinet Serville

1825. Evacanthe, Ezacant/ius in Encyclopedic Methodique 10. 833 pp. Paris.



June. 194S DeLong : Leafhoppers of Illinois 363

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1835. Ocscriptions of some new genera of Hiitish llomoptcra. Ent. Soc London Trans
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1866. .An essay towards a knowledge of British llotnopiera. Ent. Monthly Mag. 2:197-9.
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1902. Monographie der Jassinen Japans, rermcszctraj/i Euzctck. 25:353-404. Kuda-
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McAtee, W. L.

1919. A new genus for Tilluimiiii Irijiisiialii Sav I llomoptcra ; Euptcrvgldae ) . liiol.

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1924. Notes on eupterygid leaf-hoppers with descriptions of a few forms ( Hornopicra).

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1926. Revision of the American leafhoppers of the jassid genus Typhlmyba. U. S. Natl.

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Mcdler, .1. T.

1942. The leafhoppers of Minnesota. Homoptera: ("iradellidae. Mirm. .\g. Expt. Sta.

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Melichar, L.

1924. Monographie der Cicadcllinen-I. Annales Historico-naturales, Magyar Ncinzcti

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1926. Monographie der Cicadellinen-III. -Annales Historico-naturales, Magyar Nemzcti
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MetcaH. Z. P., and S. C. Brimer

1936. The Cicadelliilae of Cuba. Puerto Rico Univ. Jour. Ag. 20:915-73. 6 |ds. Rio

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1932. The genus Carneocephala. Kans. Ent. Soc. Jour. 5(4):97-115. 2 pis.

Uman, Paul W.
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1933. A classification of North .American agallian leafhoppers. t'. S. Dept. Ag. Tech.

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1934. New species and a new genus of North American deltocephaline leafhoppers

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1937. .A generic revision of American Bythoscopinae and South American Jassinae.

Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 24(16) :343-42(t. 9 pis.

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1900A. Two new species of Jassidae. Can. Ent. 32(9):28S-6.



364 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol.24, Art.

2

Oihorn-conlinurd

1900c A new species of Eittettix. Ent. News 11 (3) '.395-6.

1900(^. A neglected Platymctopius. Ent. News ll(6):501-2.

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1905/'. Jassidae of New York state. Report on the injurious and other insects of the state

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1911. Remarks on the genus Scaphoideus. Ohio Nat. 11 (3) :249-60.

1915. Leafhoppers of Maine. Maine Ag. Expt. Sta. Bui. 238:82-159. 24 figs.

1920. Notes on the generic affinities of certain Cicadellidae (Homoptera). Ohio Jour.

Sci. 20(5): 153-66. 8 figs.

1923. Some confused species of Phlepsius and Euteittx (Homoptera). Ohio Jour. Sci.

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1928. Leafhoppers of Ohio. Ohio Biol. Surv. Bui. 14:199-374. Ill figs.

1930. North American leafhoppers of the Athysanclla group. Ent. Soc. Am. Ann. 23(4):

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1932. Supplemental records and notes on Ohio leafhoppers. Ohio Jour. Sci. 32(6) :

513-7.

Osborn, Herbert, and Elmer D. Ball

1897. Contributions to the hemipterous fauna of Iowa. Iowa Acad. Sci. Proc. 4:172-234.

8 pis.
,

1898. Studies of North American Jassoidea. Davenport Acad. Sci. Proc. 7:45-100; 11

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1933. The genus Xestocephalus (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Kans. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6(3):

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1890.

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1880. Nya bidrag till Abo och Alands skargSrds. Hemipter-Fauna. Meddelanden-Societas

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Riley, Charles V.
1880. A new leaf-hopper injurious to small grain. Am. Ent. 3(3): 78.

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1926. The genus Erythroneura north of Mexico (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Kans, Univ.

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1871. Oefversigt af Finlands och den Skandinaviska halfons Cicadariae. Notiser Societasj

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1919. Eight new jassids from the eastern United States (family Cicadellidae). Ent. Soc.

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1920. Four papers on Homopterous insects. Pa. Dept. Ag. Gen. Bui. 346:3-22. 5 pis.,

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1922. New species of Cicadellidae (Homoptera) from the eastern and southern United

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1923. Nine new species of Cicadellidae (Homoptera) from the United States and Canada.

Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 25:151-6.

i

i

I



June, 1948 DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 365

Say, Thomas
1825, Descripiions of new hemipteroiis (ami orlhopteroiis) insects. Acad Nat Sci

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1831. Descriptions of new North American hemipterous insects. Acad. Nat. Sci Phila
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1873. On certain British Hemiptera-Homoptera. Ent. Monthly Mag. 9:264-6. London.

Shaw, John G.

1932. The genus Parabolocnilus in North .America ( Homoptera, Cicadellidac) . Kans.
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Signoret, Victor A.

1854. Revue iconographique des Tettigonides. Aniiales Societe Entomologique de France,

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1879- Essai sur les Jassides. Annales Societe Entomologique de France, ser. 5, 9(1);
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Sleesman, J. P.

1930. .\ monographic study of the North American species of F.uscelis and allied genera
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Stal.Carl

1854. Nya Hemiptera. Forhandlingar Oefversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens
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1858. Kongliga Svenska Fregattens Eugenics resa omkring Jorden. Zool. 4 ( Hemiptera ) :

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1859. Bidrag till Rio Janeiro taktens Hemipterfauna. Handlingar Kongliga Svenska

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1864. Hemiptera nonnulla nova vel minus cognita. Annales Societe Entomologi(|uc r|c

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1933. The genera Stirellus and Commellus (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Kans. Ent. Soc.

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1784. Novae insectorum species descriptae. Nova Acta Upsaliae 4:1-28. 1 pi. Upsala.

Uhler, Philip R.

1863. Hemipterological contributions. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. 2:155-62.

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U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Ter. Bui. 3( 14) : 355-475. 2 pis. Washington, IXC.

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1889fl. Hemiptera from Muskoka Lake district. Can. Eiit. 21(1):I-11.

1889/1. Review of the North American species of Prdinpsis. Ent. Am. 5(9); 165-74.



366 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin J' ol. 24, Art. 2

Van Duzee-cnnlimied

1890rt. Descriptions of two jassiHs from the cranberry bogs of New Jersey. Ent. Am.
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1890*. New North American Homoptera. Can. Ent. 22(6):110-2; (12):249-50.

1890f. New California Homoptera. Ent. Am. 6(5):91-6.

1890(i. Review of the North American species of Bythoscopiis. Ent. Am. 6(12):221-9.

1891. New North American Homoptera. Can. Ent. 23(8) : 169-72.

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1893. New North American Homoptera. Can. Ent. 25(11) :280-5.

1894a. New North American Homoptera. Can. Ent. 26(4) :89-93
;
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1894f. North American Homoptera: Catalog of the described Jassoidea of North America.

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1909a. Observations on some Hemiptera taken in Florida in the spring of 1908. Buffalo

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1915a. The North American species of Draeculacepliala. Ent. News 26(4) : 176-80.

1915/;. Nomenclatural and critical notes on Hemiptera. Can. Ent. 46( 11) : 377-89.

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Walker, Francis

1851fl. List of the specimens of Homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum
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1851/'. Insecta Saundersiana 2:76-156. London.

1858. Supplement to the list of the specimens of Homopterous insects in the collection of

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Walsh, Benjamin D. fl
1862. Two new foes of the apple and pear. Prairie Farmer n. s. 10:147-9. 6 T'gs.

1864. On certain remarkable or exceptional larvae, coleopterous, lepidopterous, and

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Woodworth, Charles W.
1887. Jassidae of Hlinois. HI. State Lab. Nat. Hist. Bui. 3(2) :9-37. 3 pis.

Zetterstedt, Johann W.
1828. Fauna insectorum Lapponica. 20-f-563 pp. Hammone.
1838. Insecta Lapponica descripta. Hemiptera: 253-314. Lipsiae.



INDEX
The page entries in boldface type refer to the principal ireatmeiit of the families, genera,

and species in the text. Names that are synonyms, or of changed generic assignment, are indi-

cated by ilalit type.

abbreviata, FIcxamia, 98, 228, 234

abbreviatus, Cloanthanus, 212, 216, 224

abbmiatus, Deltuceplialus, 234

abbnviatus, Platymi'topius, 224

abdominalis, Balclutha. 347

abJomlnalis, GnathoJus, 347

accola, Aceratagallia, 136. 137

Aceratagallia, 109, 132, 1.^6

acia, Gyponana. 162

Acinopterus, 182, 308

acrita, Elymana, 1U3, 329, 330

Acucephalus, 178

acuma, Elymana, 329, 330

acuminata. Cicada, 154

acuminatus, Acinopterus, 308

acuminatus, E\'acanthus, 154

Acurhinus, 187, 226

acus, Deltocephalus, 257

acus, Laevicephalus, 254 257

acuta, Tettigonia, 148

acuticuuda, Atliysanelia, 274

acuticauda, Athysanella (Amphipyga),

274, 275

acutus, Cloanthanus, 106, 212, 216, 217,

223, 224, 225

acutus, Jassus, 223

admittens, Proconia, 142

aenea, Ponana. 167, 168

Agallia, 98, 132, 135, 136

Agalliinae, 108, 109, 132

.\galliopsis, 132

Aycllus. 349"

agrcstis, Cicada, 178

agrestis, Stroggylocephalus, 178

alabamensis, Macropsis, 138

aibida, Flexamia, 227, 231

albidus. Deltocephalus. 231

albifrons, Aphrodes, 178

albifrolls. Cicada, 178

albiinarginata, Gypoiia, 168

alhoneura. Deltoi ephalus, 247

alboiieura, Polyamia, 103, 241, 247

albostriella, AJcbra, 105, 351

Alconeura, 351, 3 52

Alebra, 350, 351

Aligia, 186, 286

alpha, Oncometopia, 142

alternatus, Idiocerus, 103, 116, 121, 122

altus, Paraphlepsius, 101, 290, 294, 298

alius, Phlepsius, 298

amara, Gyponana, 158, 161

Amblysellus, 188, 267

americana, Penthimia, 99, 105, 154

Amphipyga, 274

Amplicephalus, 187, 188, 259
andromus. Cloanthanus, 216, 220
uiidromus. SasutoiJeus, 220
angula, Gyponana, 158, 163

angulifera, Draeculaccphala, 147, 148

aiiffuliffra. Tettigonia, 148

angustata, Ophiola, 278, 281

anyustatus, Athysanus, 281

angustatus, Cloanthanus, 212, 216, 222
anyustatus, Plalymclopius, 222
angustcns, Prairiana kansana var., 165

animana, Bandara, 309

Anoscopus, 178

anthracina, Ophiola, 103, 277, 278

anthracinus, Athysanus, 278

aritica. Oraeculacephala. 147, 152

anticu, Tettiyonia, I 52

apache, Idiocerus, 122

apertus, Idiocerus, 111, 117

Aphrodes, 178, 179

Aphrodinae, 110, 111, 178

apicalis, Macropsis, 138

105, apicalis, Stragania, 105, 138

apicata, Polyamia, 239, 244, 247

220, apicatus, Deltocephalus, 244

arctostaphyli, Athysanus, 280

arctostaphyli, Ophiola, 278, 280

areolata, Flexamia, 98, 99, 227, 231

areotatus, Deltocephalus, 231

areolatus, Phlepsius, 304

areolatus. Texananus, 302, 3U3, 304

argutus, Cloanthanus, 212, 216, 217

Arundanus, 103, 187, 260

arundinea, Polyamia, 103, 239, 241, 244

arundineus, Arundanus, 103, 261, 263

arundineus, Deltocephalus, 244

arundineus, Thamnotettix, 261

Atanus, 186, 328

Athysanella, 186, 188, 274

Athysaninae, 109, 1 10, HI, 181, 346

atratiis, Cloanthanus, 216, 217, 220

atropuncta, Gillettiella, 268

atropunctatus. Phlepsius, 308

atropunctus, Deltocephalus, 268

attenuatus, Chlorotcttix, 103, 316, 318, 325

auctus, Scaphoideus, 190, 193, 196

Aulacizes, 139, 140, 144

aurata, Bandara, 309, 311

aurata, Eutettix, 311

aureovittata, Graminella, 101, 264

aureovittatus, Thamnotettix, 264

aurigena, Proconia. 142

auronitens, Osborncllus, 204, 206

auronitens, Scaphoideus, 204

[367]



368 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Jol.24.Art.2

B

baculus, Scaphoideus, 190, 191, 197

hadia, Procunia, 141

Balclutha, 98, 346, 349

Balcluthinae, 111, 346

batli, Amphipyga, 275

balli, Athysanella, 100, 274, 275

balli, Chlorotettix, 101, 103, 3:5, 318, 325, 326

balli, Deltocephalus, 248, 251

Bandara, 186, 309

basalis, Macropsis, 124, 126

basalts, Pediopsis, 126

basilaris, Erythroneura, 354, 355

bearaeri, Dikraneuroidea, 351

hicolor, Athysanus, 269

bicolor, Cloanthanus, 212, 216, 221

b'lcolar, Plalymetoplus, 221

bicolor, Stirellus, 269

bidentata, Flexamia, 99, 228, 229, 233

bifasciata, Macropsis, 124, 126

bifasciata, Pediopsis, 126, 128

bifida, KoUa, 143, 144

bifida, Tettigonia, 143

bifidus, Paraphlepsius, 293, 294, 301

bifidus, Phlepsius, 301

bimaculata, Gypona, 168

binotata, Limotettix, 342

binotata, Macrosteles, 340, 342

bipunciulala, Gypona, 155

biundulata, Plcsiommata, 146

borealis, Chlorotettix, 99, 316, 319, 326

borealis, Jassus, 343, 344

borrori, lowanus, 305, 306

borrori, Texananus, 306

brasiliensis, Protalebra, 351

brevidens, Scaphoideus, 201

brevidus, Chlorotettix, 98, 315, 318, 323

brevihama, Gyponana, 158, 159

brevipennis, Polyamia, 103, 239, 241, 243

brevita, Gyponana, 158, 159

brittoni, Idiodonus, 336

brittoni, Thamnotettix, 336

hnmneus, Idiocerus, 119

brunneus, Paraphlepsius, 293, 294, 300

brunneus, Phlepsius, 300

brunneus, Xestocephalus, 180, 181

Bythoscopinae, 109, 138

caduca, Elymana, 330

caducus, lowanus, 305, 306, 307

caducus, Texananus, 307

camurus, Scaphoideus, 190, 194, 195

canadensis, Macropsis, 124, 127

canadensis, Pediopsis, 127

canadensis, Ulopa, 135

caperatus, Deltocephalus, 248, 250

carinatus, Scaphoideus, 194

Carneocephala, 140, 144

catalina, Lonatura, 252

certus, Paraphlepsius, 294, 302

certus, Phlepsius, 302

chelus, Scaphoideus, 190, 193, 198, 199

chenopodii, Euiettix, 288

chenopodii, Norvellina, 287, 288

chlamydatus, Deltocephalus, 284

Chlorotettix, 186, 314

Cicadella, 351, 353

Cicadellinae, 97, 106, 107, 110, 349, 350

Cicadula, 111, 186, 331, 335

ciliata, Cicadula, 332, 334

ciliatus, Thamnotettix, 334

Ciminius, 140, 143, 145

cincta, Eutettix, 284

cincta, Menosoma, 284

cinerea, Aceratagallia, 137

cinerea, Gypona, 164

cinerea, Prairiana, 164, 165

cinereus, Cloanthanus, 212, 216, 222, 224

cinereus, Paraphlepsius, 295

cinereus, Platymetopius, 222

cinerosus, Scaphoideus, 190, 191, 200

cinnamoneus, Cloanthanus, 212, 216, 223

cinnamoneus, Platymetopius magdalensis var.,

223

circumftexus, Acucephalus, 178

clarior, Proconia, 141

clarus, Osbornellus, 204, 207

clavata, Cicadula, 339

clavatus, Sonronius, 339

clitetlarius, Bythoscopus, 120

clitellarius, Colladonus, 336, 337

clitetlarius, Jassus, 337

Cloanthanus, 103, 106, 181, 211

coagulata, Tettigonia, 142

CO ccinea. Cicada, 145

coccinea, Graphocephala, 145

cognatus, Bythoscopus, 130

cognatus, Idiocerus, 111, 116

cognatus, Oncopsis, 129, 130

Colladonus, 186, 336

collaris, Cloanthanus, 212, 216, 225

cotlaris, Platymetopius, 225

collinus, Phlepsius, 298

collitus, Paraphlepsius, 290, 294, 296

collitus, Phlepsius, 296

(olon, Athysanus, 272

colon, Commellus, 270, 272

colonus, Deltocephalus, 268

colonus, Unerus, 268

coloradens-s, Allygus, 286

coloradensis, Mesamia, 285, 286

comatus, Deltocephalus, 268

comes, Erythroneura, 106, 3 55

comes group, Erythroneura, 3 53, 355

comma, Athysanus, 271

comma, Commellus, 99, 270, 271, 272

Commellus, 187, 270

communis, Helochara, 144

compacta, Polyamia, 241, 242, 245, 246, 247

compactus, Deltocephalus, 246

compta, Tettigonia, 153

concinna, Aphrodes, 178

concinnus, Deltocephalus, 257



June, 194S DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 369

coiicinnus. Laevicephalus, 254, 257

conferta, Gyponana, 158, 159

(onfiffurtiliu. Deltocephatus, 23 5

coiitiguratus, Latulus, 235

coiifusa, Macropsis, 12+, 126

conjusus, Gnathodus, 348

consobrina. Memnonia, 179

censors, Osbornellus, 204, 207

consors, Scaphoideus, 207

conspira, Gyponana, 158, 160

constricta, Agallia, 106. 135, 136

constricta, Draeculacephala, 147, 150

cornicula, Ophiola, 278, 280, 281

corniculus, Janus, 280

coronatus. Xestocephalus, 179, 180

tostalis, Cercopis, 141

(ustomaculatus, Allygus, 289

costomaculatus, Tropicanus, 289

crataegi, Idiocerus, 105, 115, 120

crenatus, Jassus, 118

crocea, Pediopsis, 127

cruciatus, Deltoccphalus, 253

cruciatus, Hebecephalus, 98, 253

crumbi, Arundanus, 261

crumbi, Thamnotettix, 261

iiibana, Draeculacephala, 148

Cucrna, 140, 141

cumulatus, Phtepsius, 305

cumulatus, Texananus, 101, 302, 303, 305

cuneata, Euscelis, 280

cuneata, Ophiola, 278, 280

cuprescens, Cloanthanus, 216, 221

cuprescens, Platymetopius, 221

curtisii, Amblysellus, 267

curtus. Parabolocratus, 174, 175

curvata, Bandara, 310, 311

curvatus, Scaphoideus, 190, 191, 195

cylindratus, Scaphoideus, 191, 193, 198

cyperacea, Cicadula, 101, 332, 333

cyperaceus, Thamnotettix, 333

Cyperana, 331

D

Davisonia, 188, 338, 339

deceptus, Euscilis, 277

decipieiis, Cicadula, 333, 335

dfiipiens. Thamnotettix, 335

decisus, Deltocephalus, 248, 252

decurus, Phlepsius, 305

decorus, Texananus, 302, 303, 305

detector, Deltocephalus. 238

delector, Palus, 101, 237, 238

deleta. Agallia. 135. 136

delicata, Erythroneura, 355

delongi, Davisonia. 338. 339

Deltocephalus, 98, 187, 247, 268

densus, Scaphoideus, 191, 194, 199

lentatus, Chlorotettix, 102, 316, 319, 326

dentatus, Phlepsius, 301

dicentrus, lowanus, 305, 306

dicentrus, Texananus, 306

Dicyphonia, 171, 177

Dikraneura, 351, 352

Dikraneuroidea, 351

dilata, Polyamia, 101, 241, 247
dilatus, Scaphoideus, 190, 194, 195
distiiictus, Chlorotettix, 319, 327
distinctus, Uncopsis, 131

iliutius, Scaphoideus, 190. 194, 197
divaricatus, Euscelis, 283
divaricatus, Limotettix, 282, 283
divisa, Macrosteles, 106, 340
divisus, Jassus, 340

Doleranus, 186, 328
dolobrata, Neokolla hicroglyphica var., 152
Doratura, 186, 272

dorsalis, Cloanthanus, 216. 221

dorsalis, Gypona, 155

dorsalis, Platymetopius frontalis var., 221
Dorycephalus, 171, 177

Dorydiella, 170, 177

Dorydiinae, 111, 170

Draeculacephala, 106, 140, 144, 146

Driotura, 186, 268, 272
Drylix, 282
duzcei, Idiocerus, 111, 118

ehurata, Thamnotettix, 336

eburatus, Collailoiius, 336

eburneolus, Paraphlepsius, 290, 293, 296

eburneolus, Phlepsius, 296

electus, Paraphlepsius, 294, 302

eleitus. Phlepsius, 302

elegans, Platymetopius, 211

elcgaiis, Scaphytopius, 211

elongatus, Athysanus, 280

elongatus, Scaphoideus, 19(1, 194, 198

Elymana, 186, 329

Empoasca, 98, 105, 350, 352

Errhomenellini, 146

erythrocephala, Macropsis, 124, 125

erythrocephala, Pediopsis, 125

Erythroneura, 97, 98, 105, 106, 351, 353

estacadus, Amplicephalus, 259, 260

estacadus, Athysanus, 260

Eugnathodus, 346

Eupteryx, 353

Eurymelinae, 109, 111

Euscelis, 188. 275

Eutettix, 186, 311

Evacanthinae, 109, 153

Evacanthus. 153

excludens, Proconia, 142

excultus, Jassus, 303

excultus. Texananus, 302, 303

Exitianus, 98, 187, 275

exitiosa, Cicadula, 21

S

cxpanda, Gyponana, 158, 162

extenda, Gyponana, 158, 162

extrusus, Athysanus, 277

extrusus, Euscelis, 276, 277



370 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin lol.24,Art.l

fabae, Empoasca, 97, 98, 105, 106, 352

fallax, Chlorotettix, 101, 314, 315, 318, 321

jrnestratus, Athysanus, 131

ferralus, Laevlcephaius, 259

ferratus, Psammotettix, 258, 259

fcrruginoides, Macropsis, 124, 128

ftrrughioidcs, Prdiopsis, 128

Fieberiella, 186, 308

filamentus, Chlorotettix, 316, 325

tilamentus, Cloanthanus, 212, 216, 223

(itchi, Idiocerus, 105, 116, 120

rttchi, Oncopsis, 129, 130, 131

filchii, Graminella, 264, 266

fitc/iii, Thamnotettix, 266

flava, Driotura gammaroides var., 273, 274

Havleeps, Carneocephala, 144, 145

flaviceps, Diedrocephala, 144

ftavicosta, Dcltocephahis, 248

Havicostus, Deltocephalus, 105, 347, 248

flavidus, Parabolocratus, 174, 175, 176

Havilineata, Gyponana, 158, 160, 161, 162

fi/ivocoslatus, Dclloccphalus, 248

flavoscuta, Cicadella, 353

Havotinctus, Arundanus, 103, 261, 263

flavotincius, Thamnotettix, 263

Flexamia, 186, 187, 226, 233

Hexulosa, Flexamia, 232

Hexus, Seaphoideus, 190, 194, 196

florii, Fieberiella, 105, 308

florii, Selenocephalus, 308

Forcipata, 351, 352

ji anconianus, Phlcpsius, 295

frisoni, Seaphoideus, 190, 194

frontalis, Cloanthanus, 106, 212, 216, 225

frontalis, Platymetopius, 225

fulva, Driotura gammaroides var., 273, 274

fulvldorsum, Jassus, 296

fulvidorsum, Paraphlepsius, 103, 290, 294, 296

fitlvocapitatus, Xcstocephalus, 181

fulvus, Cloanthanus, 212, 216, 225

jui'viis, Platymetopius, 225

fiimatiis, Jassus, 342

fumidus, Chlorotettix, 314, 316, 321

fumidus, Deltocephalus, 247, 248

jumipennis, Pediopsis, 127

fumipennis, Macropsis, 124, 127

furculatus, Colladonus, 101, 336, 337

jiircidatus, Thamnotettix, 337

fusiipennis, Jassus, 344

fuscipennis, Paraphlepsius, 298

juscus, Chlorotettix, 321

galbanatus, Chlorotettix, 105, 316, 319, 326
yammaroides, Athysanus, 273

gammaroides, Driotura, 273, 274

Gargaropsis, 138

geminata, Gypona, 163

yemmisimulans, Idiocerus, 118

geometrica, Kolla, 103, 143, 144

geometrica, Tettigonia, 144

germari, Amhlyeephalus, 154

germari, Idiocerus, 118

Gillettiella, 186, 188, 268

gleditschiae, Macropsis fumipennis var., 105,

124, 127

gleditschiae, Pediopsis, 127

Glossocratus, 172

gnarus, Deltocephalus, 101, 247, 250

Gnathodus, 346

gothica, Neokolla, 152, 153

yothica, Tettigonia, 153

yrama, Polyamia, 251

graminea, Macropsis virescens var., 123, 124

graminea. Cicada, 124

Graminella, 188, 263

grammica, Flexamia, 98, 227, 231

yrammicus, Deltocephalus, 231

gramus, Deltocephalus, 248, 251

grandis, Parabolocratus, 102, 175, 177

Graphocephala, 140, 145

yriseu, Gypona, 167

yrisea, Xerophloea, 170

Gypona, 155, 156, 165

C;yponana, 105, 106, 156, 164

Gyponinae, 110, 155

H

hartii, Ciminius, 143

hartii, Erythroneura, 105

hartii, Tettiyonia, 143

hastus, Cloanthanus, 216, 217

Hebecephalus, 187, 252

hebetus, Idiocerus, 105, 114, 115, 119

Hecalus, 171, 172, 177

Helochara, 140, 144

herbida, Polyamia, 98, 239, 245

herbida, Tettiyonia, 144

hieroglyphica, Neokolla, 103, 152, 153

hieroglyphica, Tettigonia, 152

Homalodisca, 139, 142

humida, Ophiola, 277, 280

humidus, Athysanus, 280

humidus, Paraphlepsius, 101, 293, 294, 301

humidus, Phlcpsius, 301

hyalinus, Japananus, 105, 210

hyalinus, Platymetopius, 210

Hymetta, 351, 353

I

iihthyocephala, Tettigonia, 142

Idiocerus, 98, 103, 105, 111, 123

Idiodonus, 186, 335

Idona, 351, 352

immaculata, Ag aliia, 136

immaculatus, Paramesus, 286

immistus, Jassus, 201

immistus, Seaphoideus, 190, 194, 197, 200, 201,

203

impicta, Balclutha, 347, 348, 349

impictus, Gnathodus, 348



Ju,u. 104S DeLonc: Leafhoppers of Illinois 371

imputans. Flexamia, 228, 229, 234

impiitans. Dellonphatus, 234

incerta, Eulettix, 313

incisus, Paraphlepsius, 290, 294, 298

incisus, Phlepsius. 298

incisus, Siafhoideus immislis var., 203

incomptus, Idiocerus, 111, 117

inflata, Bandara, 310

inflata, Flexamia, 101, 105, 227, 232

Infiatus, Diltotfphalus, 232

infuscata, Erythroiieura, 355

inimica, Polyamia, 105, 106, 239, 244, 246

inimicus, Jassus, 244

inornata, Elvmana, 103, 330

inornatus, Thamnotettix, 330

inscripta, Draeculacephala, 147

iiisigiiis, Macropsis, 124, 129

insignis, Pediopsis, 129

inilabilis, Atliysanus, 280

interrupta. Polyamia, 103, 239, 245

inlfrruptus, Atinephalits, 178

interruptus, Diltocephalus, 245

intt'rruplus, Idiocerus, 122

interstincta. Cicada, 154

imricalus, Lonenus, 203, 204

intricatus, Scapliuidciis, 203

lowanus, 184, 305

iridescens, Chlorotettix, lii3, 315, 318, 325

irrorata, Aulacizes, 140

irrorata, Cicada, 140

irroratus, Jassus, 299

irroratus, Paraphlepsius, 105, 1U6, 290, 294.

299, 302

irroretla, Gypona, 167

ishidae, Orientus, 285

ishidae, Phlepsius, 285

Japananus, 181, 210

Jassiiiae, 108, 343, 345

Jassus, 343

juhiisuiii, Bandara, 310

jolinsvni, Eulettix, 310

Joruma, 351, 353

jucuiidus, Osbornellus, 204

jucundus, Scaphuideus, 204

junipcra, Empoasca, 105

juniperus, Idiocerus apache var., 105, 116, 122

lachrymalis, Idiocerus. 115, 119

l.aevicephalus, 98, 187, 254, 258
lanceus, Cloamhaiuis, 216. 217
lascivius, Paraphlepsius, 290, 294. 299
lascivius, Phlepsius, 299
lateralis, Cercopis, 141

lateralis, Cuerna. 141

latidens, Oeltocephalus. 23 5

lalidens, Latulus, 235

latifrons, Chlorotettix. 321

latifrons, Paraphlepsius, 103, 290, 294. 296
latifrons. Phlepsius, 296
Latulus, 187, 234

lawsoniana, Erylhroncura, 105, 354
Lcdriiiae, 110, 169

tipida, Cicadula, 342

lepida, Macrosteles, 340, 342
limbata, Cuerna, 141

limbata, Tettiyonia, 141

limbatipennis, Gypona. 168

liiiibatipennis, Ponana, 165, 168

limonea, Ponana, 165, 169

limunea, Ponana scarlatina var., 169

limosus, Chlorotettix, 102, 315, 316, 322
limosus, Osbornellus, 204, 206

Limotettix, 188. 280. 282
lineatus. Glussocratus, 172

lineatus, Hecalus, 101, 102, 172

littoralis, Scaphoideus, 190, 194, 197, 201

livens, Pholetaera, 178

livingstoni, Gnathodus, 348

li>bata, Prescottia, 207

lohata, Scaphoideus, 207

lobatus, Paraphlepsius, 293, 294, 300

lohalus, Phlepsius, 300

liica, Forcipata, 3 52

l.onatura, 186, 187, 252

Lonenus, 185, 203

longiseta, Cicadula, 332. 334

loni/iseta, Thamnotettix, 334

longulus, Doleranus, 328

longulus, Thamnotettix, 328

lucernea, Proconia, 141

lay ens, Tettigonia, 141

lurida. Thamnotettix. 313

Uiridus, Eutcltix. 105, 311, 313

lusuria, Thamnotettix, 324

lusorius, Chl.iroicttlx, 101, 103, 315, 318, 324

tuteocephahis, Deltoeephalus, 237

luteocephalus, Palus, 237, 238

hileohis, Scaphoideus. 188, 191, 194, 202

kansana. Dorydiella, 100. 101, 177

kansana. Erythroneura, 354

kansana group, Erythroneura. 354

kansana. Prairiana. 164, 165

kansana, Prairiana cinerea var., 165

kansiensis, Parabolocratus, 174, 175, 176

kcnnicotti, Idiodonus, 336

kennicotti, Jassus. 336

Kolla, 140, 143, 146

M

Macropsinae, 107, 108, 123

Macropsis, 105, 123. 129, 131. 132

Macrosteles, 98, 188, 339, 340

inaculata, Balclutha impicta var., 347, 349

maculata, Erythroneura, 105. 354

maculata group, Erythroneura, 353, 354

maculalus, Phlepsius, 297



.^72 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin I ol. 24, Art. 2

mnculipenn'u, Idiocerus, 120

maculosus, Paraphlepsius, 99, 290, 29+, 297

miuiilosiis, Phlepshis. 297

magdalensis, Cloanthanus, 216, 219, 220, 221

mugdatrnsis, Platymetopiiis, 220

mugnus, Atliysaniis, 289

magnus Etitetlix, 'ill

magnus, Remadosus, 101, 289

majestus, lowanus, 305, 306, 307, 308

majestus, Phlepsiiis, 306

major, Cieadida, 339

major, Davisonia, 338, 339

major, Parabolocratus, 102, 174, 175, 176

major, Scaphoideus, 191, 194, 199, 203

major, Scaphoideus immistus var., 199

major, Xerophloea, 169, 170

mali, Dikraneura, 351

maligna, Empoasca, 105, 352

manitobiana, Draeculacephala, 148

marginata, Proconia, 141

marffinatus, Deltocep/ialus, 238

marginatus, Palus, 237, 238

murginella, Cercopis, 141

marginellus, Arundanus, 103, 261, 263

marmoratus, Eutettix, 311, 313

melanogaster, Cicadula, 101, 332, 334

melanogaster, Jassus, 334

melanota, Gypona, 155

melanotus, Chlorotettix, 102, 103, 314, 316, 322

metanotus, Chlorotettix tergatus var., 322

melanotus, Jassus, 343

melanotus, Scaphoideus, 190, 191, 194, 200

mella, Paluda, 355

melius, Thamnotettix. 335

melsheimerii, Amblycephalus, 256

melsheimerii, Laevicephalus, 254, 256, 257

Memnonia, 178, 179

Menosoma, 186, 284

merus, Scaphoideus, 190, 194

Mesamia, 186, 285

Mesodictis, 169

micronotatus, Phlepsius, 299

mimicus, Idiocerus, 119

miniaturatus, Athysanus, 275

minimus, Deltocephalus, 255

minimus, Laevicephalus, 101, 254, 255

minor, Athysanus, 130

minor, Oncopsis, 129, 130

minor, Scaphoideus, 191, 193, 203

minor, Scaphoideus immisiis var., 203

minor, Tettigonia, 148

minuenda, Idona, 352

misscllus, Deltocephalus, 237

missellus, Latulus, 235, 237

mixta, Tettigonia, 178

modesta, Aligia, 286

modesta, Eutettix, 286

mohri, Graminella, 100, 264, 266

mollipes, Draeculacephala, 147, 148, 150, 152

mollipes, Tettigonia, 150

moniliferae, Idiocerus, 103, 116, 122

N

nacreosQs, Arundanus, 103, 261, 263

nacreosus, Chlorotettix, 263

nebulosus, Phlepsius, 301

necopinus, Chlorotettix, 105, 314, 316, 321

neglecta, Eugnathodus, 349

neglecta, Nesosteles, 349

Neocoelidia, 345, 346

Neocoelidiinae, 110, 345

NeokoUa, 140, 152

Neoslossonia, 170, 172

Nephotettix, 274

nervatus, Idiocerus, 111, 117

nervatus, Jassus, 267

Nesosteles, 346, 349

niger, Cloanthus parvus var., 224

nigra, Gypona, 155

nigrellus, Scaphoideus, 103, 190, 191, 197

nigricans, Macropsis, 124, 128

nigricans, Proconia, 141

nigricans, Scaphoideus, 191, 193, 200

nigridorsum, Mesamia, 101, 285, 286

nigrifrons, Cicadula, 264

nigrifrons, Cloanthanus, 216, 219

nigrifrons, Deltocephalus, 251

nigrifrons, Graminella, 106, 264

nigrifrons, Platymetopius frontalis var., 219

nigrifrons, Xestocephalus, 180, 181

nigrinasi, Athysanus, 129

nigrinasi, Oncopsis, 129

nigripennis, Cicada, 140

nigriventer, Deltocephalus, 248, 250

nigropunctata, Pholetaera, 178

Nionia, 131

Nioninae, 108, 131

nitidula. Cicada, 178

nobilis, Macropsis, 132

nominatus, Deltocephalus, 256

Norvellina, 182, 286

noveboracensis, Aulacizes, 147

novella, Agalliopsis, 132

novellus, Jassus, 132

nudata, Chlorotettix, 327

nudatus, Chlorotettix, 103, 316, 319, 327

o

obliqua, Erythroneura, 105, 354

obliqua group, Erythroneura, 353, 354

obscurinervus, Exitianus, 106, 275

obscurinervus, Thamnotettix, 275

obscurus, Platymetopius, 220

obsenus, Chlorotettix, 101, 315, 318, 323

obsoletus, Bythoscopus, 117

obtecta, Polyamia, 105, 239, 241, 242

obtectus, Deltocephalus, 241

obtusa, Empoasca, 103

obtusus, Scaphoideus, 190, 191, 202

obtutus, Athysanus, 269

obtutus, Stirellus, 269

occatoria, Sibovia, 153

occatoria, Tettigonia, 153



Jim,, 194S DeLoxc: Leafhoppers of Illinois 37.1

oaidenlalis, Gnathodus, 348

ochraceous, Scaphoideus, 190, 191, 203
octolineata, Gvponana, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162

163

ocloimeata, Tetligonia, 163

oculata, Agalliopsis, 132

oiulaluj, Dellocep/ialus, 256

olitorius, Jassus, 343, 344

Oiicometopia. 139, 141

Oncopsis, 123, 129, 131

opalinus, Scaphoideus, 105, 190, 191, 202
Ophiola, 102, 186, 188, 277

Opsius, 187, 281

optatus, Paraphlepsius, 289, 290, 293, 294
optatus, Phleps'tus, 294

oquaka, Graminella, 100, 264, 267

orbitalis, Evacanthus, 154

orhona, Cicada, 141

orichalceits, Jassus, 280

orientala, Gvponana, 158, 160

orientalis, Laevicephalus, 254, 257

Orientus, 184, 285

oniata, Dicvphonia. 177

ornata, Tnoka, 268

ornatus, Athysanus, 268

ornatus, Ptatymetopius, 177

ortha, (jyponana. 158, 159

Osbornel'lus, 185, 204

osborni, Amplicephalus, 101, 259, 260

osborni. Balclutha impicta var., 347, 348
osborni, Deltocephatus, 260

osborni, Eutettix, 281

osborni, Macropsis, 124. 127

osborni, Ophiola, 106, 278, 281

ofidiiis, Pialymoidfus, 224

Pacliyopsis, 138

Pagaronia, 146

pallida, Eugnatliodus neglecta var., 349

pallidens. Nesosteles neglecta var., 349

pailidula. CJraminella. 264. 266

palliduliis, Thamnotettix, 266

pallidas. Idiocerus, 103. 114, 117, 118

palUolata, Eutellix, 210

palliolatus. Platymetopius. 208. 210

palmrri, Goniagnathus, 132

palmeri, Nionia, 132

Paluda, 186, 335

paludosa, Draeculaccphala, 149

paludosa, Draeculacephala portola var., 147,

149

Palus. 187, 237

panda, Gvponana, 158, 160, 161

Parabolocratus, 171, 173, 177

Paracoelidia. 345. 346

parallela, Bandara, 310, 311

parallelus, Athysanus, 284

parallelus. Limotettix, 101, 282, 283, 284

Paraphlepsius. 98. 101, 177. 184. 285. 289

Parap/iolis, 169

parvus, Cloanthanus, 212, 216, 224

parous, Platymetopius, 224
pectinata, FIcxamia, 101, 227, 228, 232, 234
pfclinatus, Dcltocephalus, 232
p,ctoralis, Gypona, 168

pecioralis, Ponana. 165. 168
pediculus, Eutettix, 311, 312
Pidiupsis. 123

peltata, Paraphulis, 170

peneoculata, Agalliopsis, 132
Penthimiinae, 109, 154
Penthimia, 154

perplexus, Idiocerus, 118

perpunclata, Thamnotettix, 264
perspicillatus. Atanus, 328
perspicillatus, Thamnotettix, 328
PhoUtaera, 178

piceus, Xestocephalus, 179, 180, 181

picta, Flexamia, 101, 105, 228, 229, 234
picta, Penthimia, 154

picta, Tetiigonia, 145

picluralus, Scaphoideus, 208
pictus, Eutettix, 99. 105. 311, 312
pictus, Dcltocephalus, 234
pisca, Joruma, 353

placalus, Thamnotettix, 335

ptacidus, Thamnotettix, 335

plagiala, Proconia, 142

Platymetopius. 186, 208, 210. 211

platyrhynchus. Dorycephalus, 99. 171, 272
Plesiotumata, 140, 146

plutonius, Athysanus, 278

plulonius, Jassus, 280

Polyamia. 98, 187, 239

polystolus, Acucephalus, 178

pomaria, Typhlocyba. 105. 353

Ponana, 105, 155, 165

portola, Draeculacephala, 147, 149

potoria, Cicadula, 340

potoria. Macrosteles, 101, 250, 340

Piairiana, 155, 164

prairiana, Flexamia. 228. 229, 233

prasina, Draeculacephala. 147

prasina, Tettigonia, 147

pravus. Laevicephalus. 99. 254. 258

Prescottia. 185, 207

producta, Draeculacephala, 147, 148, 149

producta, Tettigonia, 148

productus, Scaphoideus, 193, 201

proprius, Arundanus, 261

pioprius, Thamnotettix, 261

proscripta, Gypona, 167

Protalebra. 350. 351

protenta, Gyponana, 158, 162

provancheri, Idiocerus, 105, 116, 120

pruni, Bythoscopus, 130

pruni, Oncopsis, 129, 130

Psammotettix, 187, 258

psittacella, Tettigonia, 144

pulchella, Norvellina, 287, 288

pulchellus, Eutettix, 288

pulchripennis, Phlepsius, 289

pulicarius, Xestocephalus, 179, 180, 181

pullus, Scaphoideus, 190, 193, 196



374 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin rol.24.J>/.2

punctata, Balclutha, 3+7, 348, 349

punctala, Cnada, 348

punctiinllis. Gypoiiii, 167

puncticollis, Poiiana, 165, 167

pusillus, Paraphlepsius, 105, 290, 294, 298

pusillus. Phlipsius. 298

putnami, Neoslossonia, 172

pyrops, Acurhiiuis, 105, 226

pyrops, Drllocephalus, 226

pyrrhotelus, Tcttiijonia, 141

Q
quadralaba, Ponana, 165, 169

ijitadrilinealus, Cuaduta, 340

quadripunctata, Agallia, 135

quadripunctata, Spangbergiella, 173

quadripunctatiis, Bytlioscopus, 135

quadrivitiata, Tcltiijonia, 145

querci, Eutettix, 311, 313, 314

querci, Rugosana, 164

R

radix, Scaphoideus, 190, 193, 196

ramenlosa, Dicypliou'ut, 177

ramcntosus, Bytlioscopus, 119

lamentosus, Idioceius, 115, 119

ramosus, Paraphlepsius, 177, 293, 294, 301

redacta, Tetiujonui, 145

reflexa, Flexamia, 228, 233, 234

tefiexus, Deltocfphalus, 233

ritativus, Athysanus, 276

relativus, Euscelis, 276

Remadosus, 109. 182, 288

retrorsus, Dettocephalus, 248

reversalis, Macropsis, 124, 125

reversalis, Pi'diupsis, 125

rubusta, Athysaneila, 274

robusta, Driotura, 273

rodora, Gyponu, 167

rossi, Paraphlepsius, 103, 289, 293, 295

rossi, Phlepsius, 295

rossi, Polyamia, 98, 239, 241

rotundata, Alconeura, 3 52

rotundens, Idiocerus, 116, 121

rotundus, Osbornellus, 204, 206

rotundus, Parabolocratus, 174, 175

rubellus, Cloanthanus, 211, 216, 222
riibellus, Pliitymetopius, 222
rubida, Ponana, 167, 168

rubranura, Flexamia, 101, 227, 229

nifivetitris, Aiitacizcs, 140

rufocephala, Macropsis, 124, 125

nifusculus, Phlepsius, 303

rufuseulus, Texananus, 302, 303

rugicollis, Chlorotettix, 101, 314, 319
rugosa, Rugosana, 164

Rugosana, 155, 164

sahlbergi, Athysanus, 277
sahlbergi, Euscelis, 101, 276, 277

Sanctanus, 186, 208
sanctus, Jassus, 208

sanctus, Sanctanus, 208

sandersl, Deltnccphalus, 232

sandersi, Flexamia, 227, 228, 232
sanguinolenta, Accratagaliia, 106, 136, 137, 138

sangulnolejita, Bythoscopus, 137

sanguinolenta, Gypona, 167

saxosa, Polyamia, 101, 241, 246

sayl, Amhlycephalus, 236

sayi, Latulus, 235, 236, 237
scalaris, Osbornellus, 207

Scaphoideus, 103, 105, 186, 188, 203

Scaphytopius, 181, 211

scarlatina, Gypona, 167

scarlatina, Ponana, 165, 167, 168

scelestus, Scaphoideus, 190, 191, 195

scriptus, Cloanthanus, 216, 217. 219
scrlptus, Platymetoplus, 219

scrupulosa, Gyponana, 158, 163

scuna, Jassus, 118

scurrus, Idiocerus, 105, 114, 118

scutellata, Proconla, 142

scutellatus, Macropsis, 125

seminuda, Norvellina, 287

scmlnudus, Jassus, 287

sensibilis, Scaphoideus, 190, 194, 197, 201

serpenta, Gyponana octolineata var., 158, 163

sexnotata. Cicada, 340

6-punctatus, Jassus, 244

shermani, Arundanus, 261

shingwauki, Laevicephalus, 102, 254

Sibovia, 140, 153

slcclfollus, Bythoscopus, 137

slgnatlfrons, Dettocephalus, 253

signatifrons, Hebecephalus, 101, 252, 253

similaris, Polyamia, 105, 239, 241

slmilis, Phlepsius, 300

similis, Xestocephalus, 180

simplex, Jassus, 284

simplex, Thamnotettix, 284

slossoni, Clcadula, 340

slossoni, Cloanthanus, 212, 216, 225

slossoni, Macrosteles, 101, 340

slossoni, Platymetoplus, 225

smithi, Cicadula, 101, 332, 333, 334

smlthl Thamnotettix, 333

snoivl, Clcadula, 338

snowi, Davisonia, 338

snowi, Idiocerus, 103, 116, 121

sobrlus, Bythoscopus, 130

sobrius, Oncopsis, 129, 130

solldaglnls, Acocephalus, 301

solidaginis, Paraphlepsius, 98, 293, 294, 301

sonorus, Deltocephalus, 105, 248, 251

Sonronius, 188, 339

spadlx, Gypona, 167

Spangbergiella, 171, 173

spatulatus, Chlorotettix, 101, 315, 316, 319, 323

stactogalus, Opsins, 105, 281

Stirellus, 188, 269

Stragania, 138

straminea, Cicadula, 332, 333



June. 1948 DeLong: Leafhoppers of Illinois 375

straminea, Mesamia, 285, 286
slraminea, Paramcsus, 286

straminnts, Thamnotellix, 333

striata. Cicada, 258

striata, Tettigonia, 141

strialuta. Cicada, 281

striatula, Ophiola, 106, 278, 281

striatus. Psammotettix, 106, 258, 259

striata. Cicada, 282

striolus, Limotettix, 101, 280, 282, 283, 284

strnhi. Byllmsi nl<us, 295

strobi, Paraphlepsius, 289, 293, 295

Strogg>locephalus, 178

stylata, Doratura, 272

stylata, Fiexamia, 227, 232

stytatns, Athysanus, 272

stylatus, Deltocephalus, 232

siihhifasciatus, Jassus, 344

subnitens, Idiocertis, 115, 119

siiffusa, Cicadula, 324

superhus, Dcltnccphalus, 181

siiperhus, Phlepsiits, 303

superbus, Texananus, 105, 302, 303

superbus, Xestocephalus, 180. 181

smuralis. Chlorotettix, 103. 314, 318. 322

suturalis. Idiocerus, 111. 116

suturalis. Macropsis, 124. 127

suturalis, Prdiopsis, 127

sylvcstris, Deltocephalus, 257

sylvestris, Laevicephalus. 254. 257

symphoricarpae, Ophiola, 281

telus. Idiocerus, 114. 118

tenehrosa, Prnconia, 142

tenella. Gyponana. 158. 161

tenella. Norvellina, 106. 287

tenella, Tettigonia, 143

tenellus. Thamnnlellix, 287

tennessa. Paraphlepsius, 105, 290, 294, 300

tcnnessa. Phlepsius, 300

tenuifrons, Phlepsius, 301

tenuis. Cloanthanus, 212, 216, 224
teigatus, Bylhoscopus, 321

tergatus, Chlorotettix, 314, 316, 321, 322

tergatus, Scaphoideus, 190, 191, 194

testudinarius, Jassus, 299
testudo, Aphrodes, 178

Tettigonia, 146

Tettigoniellinae, 110, 139

Texananus, 185. 302, 305

Thamnotettix. 188. 284, 314, 329, 331

tigrinus, Paraphlepsius, 290, 294, 297

tigrinus. Phlepsius, 297
tinctorius. Phlepsius, 285

Tinobregmus. 343. 344

torqus. Scaphoideus, 191, 193, 198

ttanseus, Scaphoideus, 191, 193, 199

triangularis, Cloanthanus, 216, 221

tricincta, Erythroneura, 106, 355

trifasciata. Hymetta. 353

trimaculata, Macropsis, 106, 124, 129

trimaculata, Pediopsis, 128
trimaculatus, Pediopsis, 129
tripunctata, Plesiommata, 146
tripunctata, Tettigonia, 146
trii/uetra. Cicada. 142

triquetra, llontialodisca, 142
tristis, Euteltix, 311

Iristis, Euteltix suhaenca var.. 311

tristis, Macropsis, 124, 126
Iristis, Pediopsis, 126

trivialis, Macropsis, 124, 125
Irivialis, Pediopsis, 125

Tropicanus, 184, 289

Iruncatus, Drylix, 283

iruncatus, Limotettix, 282, 283
truncatus, Paraphlepsius, 105, 290, 294. 299
Iruncatus, Phlepsius. 299
tubera, Cjyponana, 158, 161

tuberculata. Paracoelidia, 346
lullahomi. Paraphlepsius, 289, 293, 295
lullahomi, Phlepsius, 295

tumidifrons, Neocoelidia, 345
tunicata, Chlorolellix, 327

tunicatus, Chlorotettix, 316. 319, 327
turbina, tlyponana, 158, 162

turpiculus, Paraphlepsius, 100, 290, 294, 297,

298

turpiculus, Phlepsius, 297

Typhlocyba, 105, 351, 353
Typhlocyhinar, 106

U
uhleri, Aceratagallia, 136, 137, 138
uhleri. Agallia, 138

uhleri. Athysanus, 278

uhleri, Ophiola. 277, 278
;////,;•;, Phlepsius, 295

umbrosus, Paraphlepsius, 290, 294, 299
umhrosus, Phlepsius, 299

undala. Cicada. 141

unilata, Oncometopia. 141. 142

I'nerus, 188, 268

unicolor, Bylhoscopus, 324

unicolor, Chlorotettix, 101, 315. 318, 324

unicolor, Osbornellus, 103, 204, 206, 207

unicolor, Scaphoideus consors var., 206

unicoloratus, Deltocephalus, 256

unicoloratus, Laevicephalus, 101, 254, 256, 258

Unoka, 187, 268

ulahnus, Drylix, 2 2

utahnus, Limotettix, 282

vaccinii, Athysanus, 281

vaccinium, Cloanthanus, 216, 220

vacuna. Chlorotettix. 327

vacunus, Chlorotettix. 316, 319, 327

vanduzei, Chlorotettix, 324

vanduzei, Dorycephalus, 171, 172

lariabilis, Athysanus. 130

variabilis, Eutettix, 311, 313



376 li.i-iNOis Natural History Survey Bulletin J'oL24.Art.Z

variabilis, Oncopsis, 129, 130

t'arintti, Cicada, 342

variata, Macrosteles, 103, 340, 342, 343

varius, Cloanthanus, 216, 219

varius, Idioccrus, 116, 121

verecundus, Cloanthanus, 212, 216, 217

Vfreiundus, Platymctopius, 217

vcrsuta, Graphocephala, 145

vrrsiita, Tettigonia, 145

vertids, Jassus, 131

verticis, Oncopsis, 105, 129, 131

vicaria, Petitliimia, 154

villicus, Aihysanus, 268

vincula, Gyponana, 158, 159

vinntilus, Deltoccphalus, 250

virescens, Macropsis, 124

virrscens, Xerophtoea, 170

virgulatus, Deltocephalus, 269

viridescens, Tinobregmus, 344

•viridis, Cercopis, 170

•viridis, Glossocratus, 175

viridis, Gnatlwdus, 348

viridis, Macropsis, 103, 124, 125, 126

viridis, Parabolocratus, 102, 174, 175, 176

viridis, Pediopsis, 125

viridis, Xerophloea, 169, 170

viridius, Chlorotettix, 105, 315, 316, 324

visenda, Flexamia, 233

vitellinus, Acocep/ialus, 208

vitellinus, Platymetopius, 208

vitripfnnis, Tettigonia, 142

vittipennis, Cicadula, 332, 333

vittipennis, Thamnotcttix, 333

vivida, Chlorotettix, 328

vividus, Doleranus, 328

vulgaris, Aceratagallia, 136, 137

vulnerata, Erythroneura, 354

vulnerata-kansana group, Erythroneura, 353

w
iveedi, Deltocep/ialus, 245

weedi, Polyamia, 105, 240, 245, 246

luoodwort/tl, Gypona, 168

Xerophloea, 169

Xestocephalus, 111, 178, 179, 180

ziczac, Erythroneura, 105, 355









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