Bulletin


STATE OF ILLINOIS 

DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRA nON AND EDUCAnON 

DIVISION OF THE 
NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY 

STEPHEN A. FORBES. Chief 

\ 01. XIII. BULLETIN Article VII. 

THE PENTATOMOIDEA OF ILLINOIS 
WITH KEYS TO THE NEARCTIC 

GENERA 

BY 

CHARLES ARTHUR HART 

PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS 

URBANA. ILLINOIS 

June. 1919 



ERRATA
Page 97, line 17, for first larval read puital.

Page 112, in legend, for jonessi read jonesii.

Page 114, in legend, for or read of.

Page 125, line 4, for Bonosa read Bonasa.

Page 131, in legend, for Jiirundinaceus read hirudinaceus.

Page 138, last line, for coccoon read cocoon.

Plate XII, explanation page, next to last line, for acrivora read aerivora.

Plate XIII, explanation page, next to last line, for WMte-gruhs read White-gruh.

Page 293, Figure 5a was reversed in printing, and the two items of the legend

should change places.

Page 515, second table, for Pelocoris femorata read Pelocoris femoratus.



Article VII.

—

The Pentatomoidea of Illinois, zvith Keys to the

Nearctic Genera* Bv Charles Arthur Hart.

Introductory

In 1898 Prof. H. E. Summers prepared the first key in English to

the American pentatomid genera * *, using the collection of the Illinois

State Laboratory of Natural History (now Division of Natural History

Survey). The key was based on Stal's keys, but, as Van Duzee says,

"contains much original work." It seems appropriate that this collection,

greatly increased since 1898, and that of the University of Illinois should

now serve for a revision of the subject. In identifying species and con-

structing keys to them, Van Duzee's "Annotated List" f has been of the

greatest value. In the general grouping I have agreed closely with

Kirkaldy's views.

f

The commoner species form homogeneous groups and are easily dis-

posed of in keys, but there are a number of rare and little-known species,

scattered representatives of important exotic groups, to which I wish to

direct especial attention—although their inclusion complicates the classi-

fication—in order that further knowledge of them and their distribution,

either in Illinois or elsewhere in the LInited States, may be particularly

searched for.

In the arrangement of my keys I have tried to show the natural

grouping and succession, because I believe that an artificial grouping,

although apparently simpler, often obscures or suppresses the more diffi-

cult yet essential points of difference, and is of little value in the ex-

tension of knowledge. In characterizing groups, I have not necessarily

taken into account extralimital forms. The term "segment" is often to

be understood after such combinations as second antennal, rostral, tarsal,

etc. ; and the words dorsal and ventral, similarly used, refer to the abdom-
inal segments. The term "elytra" is used as a convenient term for thick-

ened opaque fore wings generally.

* The manuscript of this paper was only partially complete at the time of Mr.
Hart's death. Its final preparation was undertaken by J. R. Malloch, and where addi-
tions to the original are made, whether in the form of records of species, or notes, or
amplifications, these are indicated by brackets, either in the regular text or in foot-
notes.

* * Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., Vol. 6. p. 40.

t Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. 30. No. 1. [Van Duzee's Catalogue of Hemiptera
(Univ. Cal. Pub., Tech. Bui. Coll. Agr., Agr. Exper. Sta., Vol. 2, 1917) appeared but a
short time before Mr. Hart's death, and synonyms therefrom have in some cases been
added to the paper by the editor. The citations to original descriptions are also addi-
tions by the editor, nearly all of them being made direct from the publications in which
the descriptions occur, the above-named catalogue serving admirably, however, as an
aid in locating them.]

+ Cat. Hemip. (Heter.), with Biol, and Anatom. References, p. 363.



158

The subfamily Tessaratominae, although usually placed last, seems
to me to be a quite generalized group, with the first visible ventral (really

the second) widely exposed, so that its spiracle is not beneath the meta-

sternum nor just at its edge, but is an appreciable distance away from it.

The elytral venation, which in most Pentatomidae is very obscure, is here

easily traceable. Some of its genera are extremely close to our Penta-

tominae ; others, in rostral structure, approach the Asopinae ; others, in

the venation of the hind wings, suggest tjie Cyrtocorinae. This subfamily

forms an important group in the Old World, and is also represented by a

few species in Mexico and Central America, some of which may at any
time be found within the southwestern boundary of the United States;

for this reason, and since this interesting group is often represented in

general collections, I have included it in the key.

My thanks are especially due to Dr. S. A. Forbes, and to my col-

league, Mr. J. R. Malloch, for their friendly encouragement and coop-

eration.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES

The Pentatomoidea with slender beaks are normally plant feeders,

although some of these, such as Euschistus, are sometimes seen sucking

the juices of small insects. Some species, as Murgantia, are well-known
pests; but the majority do little damage to plants. The strong-beaked

forms are predaceous, and some are appreciably helpful in reducing the

numbers of injurious insects, feeding upon larvae of the tussock-moth

and similar species.

The species are probably mostly single-brooded, the nymphs occur-

ring in spring and early summer and becoming adult as the season advan-

ces, very much as in the Acrididae. Many species hibernate as adults,

and may be found among fallen leaves in winter or on vegetation in early

spring. Horse-chestnut underbrush is a favorite shelter for Euschistus

at this time. Some species are limited to particular food-plants, but many
of them, especially the predaceous kinds, are widely scattered.

When heteropterous nymphs are pinned directly from the killing-

bottle, the soft integument generally shrivels and curls in drying, and
becomes more or less blackened because of interior decomposition, in

which condition they are truly unsatisfactory objects for study. This

trouble is avoided in most cases by leaving them in strong alcohol for a

few weeks before pinning. This sterilizes and coagulates the tissues,

specimens drying with all the fine color-patterns clear and distinct, and
seldom showing any noticeable change of form, making attractive and
interesting additions for a collection.

Adults may be pinned from the cyanide bottle, or they may be killed

in alcohol without injury, perhaps with benefit, if not left in it more
than a day or so. Specimens should be pinned through the scutellum near

its anterior ma'rgin, preferably a little to the right of the median line.

The waxy or greasy material that sometimes appears on them is easily

removed by means of benzine or alcohol.



159

The sexes are usually recognized, as in all other Hemiptera, by the

structure of the venter beyond the sixth segment. In the male there is only

a single plate or capsule, open posteriorly, rarely transversely divided;

in the female, the basal part is divided medially into two plates, while the

apical part shows several small plates. The median division in the female

is the most conspicuous difference. Secondary sexual characters are

rarely seen. In Amnestus the distinction is very difficult, but in this

genus there are interesting secondary sexual characters consisting of

peculiar spines on the fore and hind femora, and differences in thoracic

sculpture, which are indicative of the sexes.

[The general appearance of some of the commoner species is well

represented in Plate XXI, Figures ?8 to 83 inclusive.]

Classification

Kirkaldy believed that the pentatomids were the most primitive

Heteroptera, and I am inclined to agree with him. Probably the Ochter-

idae represent a generalized stem, as Renter suggests, but I believe that

the five-segmented antennae of the pentatomids is older than the four-

segmented of other families, and is not a case of specialization, even

though the antennae of pentatomid nymphs is uniformly four-segmented.

The venation of the Coptosomidae is by far the most generalized in

the Pentatomoidea studied by me; yet, singularly enough, the scutellum

would seem a climax of specialization. The Scutellerinae come next in

wing venation, leading to the Pentatominae. along with a reduction in the

size of the scutellum. In the Pentatomidae. the development of ventral

spine and sternal ridge would seem to begin in the subfamily Penta-

tominae in such forms as Banasa, Nezara. and Arvelius, with the Acantho-

sominae and Asopinae as oft'shoots, and lead up naturally through the

Edessinae to the Tessaratominae. Yet the venational evidence shows that

this order must be reversed.

The most primitive type of heteropterous caecal structure I should

consider to be the one with the largest number of rows and pockets,

specialization proceeding by numerical reduction and differentiation, fre-

quently reaching complete elimination, as in Asopinae. The data are as

yet very incomplete, but it is evident that the four-rowed type, found in

the scutellerids and pentatomids. should precede the two-rowed type, rep-

resented by the Cydnidae. sens. Int., and succeeding families. In the four-

rowed series Brochyniena, with its large number of caecal pockets and

its well-developed wing hamus, is clearly primitive.

THE IMAGINES

The Caecal Appendages

Much light has been thrown on pentatomid relationships by the

interesting studies of Dr. H. Glasgow * on the caecal pockets of the

Heteroptera. His paper appeared in a general biological publication. It

was primarily a study of the symbiotic bacteria always inhabiting these

• Biol, Bui., Vol. 36, p. 101. pi. I-VIT.



160

caecal pockets, and the caecal structures themselves were but briefly

treated. Dr. Glasgow hopes to continue these studies, and will be very

glad to examine fresh specimens, living, if possible, of any additional

species ; in the meantime he has very kindly placed at my disposal the

unpublished details thus far obtained by him on this subject.

In the Halydinae, genus Brochymena, he found between the third

stomach and the rectum an elongate intestinal tract bearing four equal

and equidistant rows (two opposite pairs) of numerous close-set finger-

like caecal pockets, about 400 in each row. In all the Pentatominae,

Scutellerinae, and Graphosomatinae examined, he found the same struc-

ture uniformly present, except that the number of pockets in a row was
less, varying from 70 to 220. The largest numbers in the Pentatominae

were in Nezara (220), Euschistus (190), and Murgantia (160); the

smallest, in Solubea (TO), Hymenarcys (To), Cosmopepla (75), and
Peribalus (90). Thyanta, Mormidea, Coenus, and Proxys were interme-

diate (110-125). The Graphosomatinae were represented by Podops
cinctipes (75-80), and the Scutellerinae only bv Homacmus proteiis (105-

110).

A second type of this structure was found in the Cydnidae, Coreidae,

Pyrrhocoridae, and certain Lygaeidae. Here there is only one pair of

opposite rows, without the slightest trace of the other two of the first

type. The number in each row varied greatly in different genera. In

the Cydnidae the number was not large—65 in Sehirus (Cydninae) and
75-90 in Thyreocorinae ; in the Coreidae there is a quite regular descend-

ing series, from 775 in Archimerus and 650 in Metapodius to 155 in

Catorhintha, 125 in Alydus, and none at all in Stachyocnemis and the

Rhopalinae ; and in the Pyrrhocoridae, Largus had 135, while Dysdercus

had very few—only six in the female and none at all in the male. The
Lygaeidae show a decided tendency to reduction and specialization. In

the Pachygronthinae there are again two rows; in Oedancala dorsalis, 31

in each row, rather loosely spaced and oval; in Phlegyas ahbreviatus,

about 29, long and narrow and closely placed in two short rows, but the

last pair in the female is greatly enlarged. In most other Lygaeidae and
in Berytidae [ = Neididae] a third type of this structure appears, evi-

dently a modification of the previous type. In this type there are very

few pockets, more on one side than on the other, and the pockets of each

side are bunched together in one or two groups on a common basal con-

nection. In Myodochinae and Blissinae there are on one side two groups,

each of 3-12 pockets ; and on the other side, only 2-7 pockets in all.

usually in a single group, rarely in two. In the Berytidae [
:=: Neididae]

there is only a single group on each side, the number of pockets on each

side in Jalysus spinosiis being 6 and 9 respectively in the example studied.

In making these studies, often many individuals of a species were

examined, and the variation within a species was found to range from

4 to 18 per cent, of the total number, being usually about 10 per cent.

In the remaining groups examined, related to those mentioned, as

well as in all the other Heteroptera, the structure was found to be entirely



161

wanting, the third stoniacli being sessile on tlie rectum without any inter-

vening tract. This was the case in the Asojiinae, represented by Apatet-

icus and PeriHus ; in the rhopahne coreids ( Serinetha, Corizus, and Har-
mostes), also in Stachyocnemis of the Alydinae ; in the male of Dys-
dercus ; in the Lygaeinae ( Nysius, Lygaeus, and Oncopeltus). Cyminae
(Ischnorrhynchus), and Geocorinae (Geocoris) : in all Tingitidae and
Aradidae (Corythucha, Piesma, and Aradus) ; and in representatives of

many other heteropterous families examined.

Tlie JViiig yciiatioii

The chitinized corium and differentiated membrane of the fore wing,

as well as the wing folds in both wings, have greatly obscured the

venation in the Heteroptera. and retarded its use in systematic work.
Comstock and Needham, in the "Wings of Insects." Chapter IH,* have
figured the tracheation of the fore and hind wings of a pentatomid
nymph, and the venation of a coreid fore wing. The pentatomid was not

reared to the adult stage ; but this is hardly essential, as the venation is

very similar throughout the family.

In the fore wing of Mcneclcs inscrtus (PL XVI, Fig. 1) the vena-
tion is unusually distinct for one of the Pentatomini. The folds or fur-

rows are indicated by two fine impressed lines. One of these is nearest

the costal margin, and does not reach the membrane. The veins are

indicated by smooth, raised, pale lines. The one in front of the anterior

furrow represents subcosta and radius united. At the end of the furrow,

the radial sector branches abruptly off toward the center of the wing
and curves toward the apex. In Menecles and the other Pentatomini its

basal part is not traceable. The posterior furrow, between corium and
clavus. is bordered in front by media and behind by cubitus. The veins

of the membrane are not shown in the drawings. They seem to be
derived mostly from media and the radial sector.

In the fore wing of Tessaratoma (PI. XVI. Fig. 2) the venation is

traceable throughout, and is evidently more primitive than in Menecles.

It may appropriately be compared with the coreid venation, as in Anasa
(Fig. 3). In Anasa the veins may be traced by transmitted light, but in

many coreids (Alydus, Harmostes, etc.), they are marked by distinct

raised lines. The principal difference between the two is in the remark-
able length of the radiomedial cross-vein in the pentatomid. There is a
suggestion of this cross-vein in the tracheal branching of media in Com-
stock and Needham's Figure 21 (loc. cit.).

The cydnine fore wing is quite like that of the pentatomids in vena-

tion of the corium. The veins of the membrane, which are nearly longi-

tudinal in the Pentatomidae, here appear to radiate from its inner angle.

The line between corium and membrane is squarely transverse.

In Scutellerinae and Thyreocorinae the fore wings show a remark-
able modification related to the enlargement of the scutellum. The tri-

angular area of the corium between the two furrows is invaded by

Am. Nat., Vol. 32, p. 250.



162

membrane, which, however, does not reach the base of the triangle. The
remaining chitinous area is sharp!}' hmited in front of this membrane,
apparently bv a vein, which is perhaps media much displaced, although in

some cases the renmants of media seem still present on the anterior side

of the claval furrow, the narrow clavus remaining chitinized for a large

part of its le.ngth, bounding the membranous area posteriorly. The
Graphosomatinae, also with an expanded scutellum, have the corium simi-

larly reduced, but the claval region is also membranous except at base,

the chitinous portions being delimited by a very oblique, nearly straight,

line.

The hind-wing venation is more generalized and of considerable

systematic importance. The folds are easily confused with the veins,

but are recognized as being most distinct at the outer margin, where they

end at the retreating angles between the more or less scalloped lobes. The
first furrow, that behind media, corresponds to the posterior one of the

fore wing.

By far the most primitive hind wing I have seen in the Pentatomidae

is that of one of the Coptosomidae ( Brachyplatys? sp.) from Manila.

The stems of subcosta. radius, and media are all complete and apparently

simple. In the next lobe, between folds, the two short veins—which in

Pentatomidae are often connected basally near the middle of the wing but

have no common stem on the basal half of the wing, or at best only a

doubtful one—seem to be the posterior branch of media and the anterior

branch of cubitus respectively, cut off by the folding of the wing. Behind

this are two more very distinct lobes : the first contains cubitus and the

first anal ; the next and last, the second anal. The strongly lobed wing-

outline closely resembles that of Thyreocorinae, but there is no trace on

cubitus of the stridulatory organ found in all Cydnidae examined (PI.

XVI, Fig. 6, 8). Radius and media are fairly straight, and are con-

nected by a long discal cross-vein.

In the Scutellerinae (Homacmus protcus. PI. XVI, Fig 5) the fol-

lowing modification appears, which I have found in all related Heterop-

tera : radius sags down at the cross-vein to meet media, and media has an

upward sinus, thus shortening, nearly obliterating, the cross-vein. In

other forms the two stems are usually fused for a short distance. The
basal part of radius as far as the beginning of the sinus, closely parallel

to subcosta, is very faintly or not at all traceable ; but the decurved part

persists as a strong curved spur, the hamus, free at its basal end. The
second vein in the middle fold is apparently wanting. The wing is evi-

dently related to that of the Coptosomidae.

In Coreidae (Anasa tristis, PI. XVI, Fig. 10) radius is feebly indi-

cated basally, and discally is fused for a short distance with media. An
evident hamus is present. Otherwise the venation is essentially as in

Pentatomidae.

In the Thyreocorinae (PI. XVI, Fig 11), in the Halydinae, in Tes-

saratoma (Fig. 7), and probably also in Cyrtocorinae, radius seemingly

is present, slightly diverging from subcosta. But the clear-cut hamus



163

in the strongly marked venation of Sehirus (Fig. 6), Brochymena. and
Tessaratoma, I believe to be the middle part of radius as in Homaemus,
and the stem to be that of media and not radius. It remains to account
for the vein extending basad along the first furrow from the apical part
of media. It seems explainable only as a false vein, developed to

strengthen the wing, analogous to the veinlike extension of the angula-
tion of media in Sarcophaga.

In the Pentatominae (PI. XVI, Fig. 9), Asopinae (Fig. 4), Grapho-
somatinae, and some Tessaratominae ( Piezosternum ) the stem of media
seems to be complete from base to its union with the radial sector, closely

contiguous to subcosta throughout, without trace of any hamus. Without
the series at hand showing the gradual substitution of the medial stem in

place of that of radius, this vein would be accepted without question as

radius, and a divergence in evolution would consequently be assumed ; on
the one hand radius dominant, on the other, media. The two veins in

the middle lobe converge strongly at base and meet in a curve.

An interesting structure in Corimelaena (Thyreocorinae) is a strongly

chitinized sub-basal portion of the first anal vein. This portion is turned
slightly so as to be nearly parallel to the long axis of the wing, and has a
fine and beautifully regular cross-striation. It is evidently a stridulatory

organ.

THE NYMPHS
The genera are usually easily recognizable among nymphs ; but in

some genera at least the separation of species is more difficult than with
the adults. The notal color-pattern is useful, for although it is quite

variable in extent and shade the fundamental plan does not change. The
identity of a species is, of course, best determined by rearing, but can
often be safely deduced by careful comparison with the adult, with
especial regard to the head and anterior region. The spines and angles

of the adult are seldom similarly present in the nymphs ; the wings and
scutellar structures are undeveloped ; but the tergum, of which we see too

little in the adult, is revealed with its important and interesting structures.

The pleural osteoles of the adult are wanting in the nymph, their function

being performed by the tergal scent-glands. The abdominal margin bears

on each segment a circular or elliptical dilYerentiated thicker area, lapped

over the edge, half of it above and half below. These I call simply

lateral plates, usually referring to the dorsal part. Along the middle of

the abdomen above and below are similar areas, the median plates, the

dorsal ones containing the scent-glands. All these plates are variable in

color, but constant in extent in each stage, being proportionately larger

in the very young nymphs.
The first scent-gland is on the hind margin of the third dorsal seg-

ment. It is unlike the others *, more simple, and for aught I know may
not usually be functional. There is a long transverse "slit," or impressed

suture, derived from' the suture between the third and fourth segments,

* In an undeteinvned pentatomid n.vmpli froni Manila this difference is remark-
ably slight.



ending eacli side in an oval wrinkled area. The second and third j2;lands.

closely resembling each other, follow on the next two segments, and there

is a similar transverse slit, more distinct however, ending each side in a
hook-shaped groove with raised inner margin. There is often a trace of a

fourth gland on the suture between the sixth and seventh segments.
There are at least three mediodorasl plates, one for each gland, often a

small fourth one, and sometimes more, as in Cydnidae. The plates are

sometimes divided medially or are partly confluent (Corimelaena).

Behind each abdominal spiracle except the first are usually a pair of

large setigerous punctures, the spiracular punctures, which are longitu-

dinally placed in the Thyreocorinae, and included with the spiracle in the

lateral plate. In the other subfamilies studied they are outside the lateral

plate, placed transversely, except that in Cydnini they become oblique on
segments 3-6 from the shifting of the inner one, and in Perillus from the

crowding of the outer one by the lateral plate.

The genital structures are scarcely differentiated enough in the

nymphs for use in classification. The male may be distinguished by the

swollen penultimate Central, which is often longer at middle than near

the ends ; sometimes there is a triangular depression on the hind margin
at middle, notching the swollen portion. In the female this segment is

not swollen, nor longer on the median line, and the entire median part is

usually separated off to form a small depressed and flattened plate.

In the first and second instars the mesonotum is of nearly equal

width throughout ; the metanotum is similar, reaching the lateral margin
and more or less convexly curved behind. In the third instar the meta-
notum is still curved behind and laterally tapers to a point near the

margin ; in the fourth it is nearly straight behind or, in Scutellerinae, a

little convex at middle, and is overlapped now at each end by the anterior

wing-pads, which attain its hind margin. In the fifth and last instar

both wing pads project backwards well beyond the middle part of the

metanotum, and the scutellum usually attains its hind margin at middle
in Pentatomidae, but hardly in Cydnidae. The characterizations in the

nvmphal keys apply especially to the last instar, but are constructed so

that they will usually answer for the fourth, and often for the third also.

Superfamily PENTATOMOIDEA
The group covered in this paper is the superfamily Pentatomoidea

of Uhler's check-list and Kirkaldy's Catalogue, and the family Pentatom-

idae of Lethierry and Severin's Catalogue and of Van Duzee's Anno-
tated List and his Catalogue. It is a well-marked group, recognized by

the five-segmented antennae, the broad form, and the size of the scutel-

lum, which is always at least moderately large, and often greatly expanded
so as to cover nearly the entire dorsum behind the pronotum, as well as

all of the elytra except the costal border. The present group includes

three families. One of them, Urolabididae, is confined to Asia, Australia,

and neighboring islands. The other two may be separated as follows.



1(35

Key to Families

KYIIPHS

Hind tibiae nearly glabrous or with soft pale hairs, sometimes with short black

spinulose hairs as in Euschistus; plantar surface of first tarsal segment rather

densely hairy except on basal middle; dorsal abdominal sutures considerably

distorted by scent-glands, terminal hooks of glands usually well marked; two

spiracular setae transversely placed (rarely obliquely), behind the spiracle. .

.

Pentatomidak.

Hind tibiae with distinct and rather long spinules, and some inconspicuous

hairs; plantar surface of first tarsal segment smooth and shining, with a few

sparse hairs (Cydninae) or a row each side (Thyreocorinae) ; dorsal abdom-

inal sutures easily traced, not greatly distorted, terminal hooks of glands but

little developed; slit on anterior scent-gland not longer than slits of the suc-

ceeding glands Cydxidae.

IMAGI^ES

Tibiae not distinctly spinose, [if with short setulae the dorsal surface is longi-

tudinally concave and has a slender ridge on each side;] more than five dorsal

segments in addition to the genital series; caecal pockets, when present, in

four rows, cubitus of hind wing not modified Fextatomidae.

Tibiae evidently spinose, [the dorsal surface rounded or angular, not concave;]

only five dorsals in addition to the genital segments; caecal pockets in two

rows; cubitus of hind wing bent and finely transversely ridged near base

Cydxidae.

Family PENTATOMIDAE
Key to SrnFAMiLiES

NV.Ml'IIS

Anterior scent-gland with slit evidently longer than those of the succeeding

glands, the terminal pores apparently functional Scuteli-erinae.

Anterior scent-eland feebly developed, as long as the next or slightly shorter; in

Murgantia somewhat longer, since the next is unusually short.

Jugal margin in front of eye with evident spine; prothoracic margin with

conspicuous large subspinose teeth perpendicular to the margin (Brochy-

mena) Halydinae.

Jugal margin in front of eye with rounded tooth or unarmed; prothoracic

margin finely serrate or entire.

Rostrum slender beyond the basal part of first segment; second segment

more than twice as long as its narrowest part, seen from below

Pe.ntatomin.ae.

Rostrum as seen from below very thick, of nearly equal breadth through-

out; second segment about twice as long as broad Asopixae.

IirAGIXES

Scutellum U-shaped, very large, nearly or quite reaching tip of abdomen; frena

wanting or extremely short, less than 1/5 length of scutellum; opaque part

of corium greatly narrowed.



166

Stems of media and subcosta in hind wings more or less divergent basally

and remote; base of radial sector persistent as a distinct free recurved

spur (hamus).

Tarsi 3-segmented ; frena wanting; stem of media widely separated through-

out from that of subcosta; apical part of media rarely with veinlilte

extension from the angle toward base 'of wing Scuteixem.nae.

Tarsi 2-segmented; frena very short; stem of media nearing that of sub-

costa beyond middle (Calif., Trop. Am.) Cyrtocorinae.

Stems of media and subcosta subparallel, approximate; hamus wanting; no

indication of frena; opaque part of corium narrow, triangular, the apical

margin very oblique Graphosomati.nae.

Scutellum subtriangular, rarely approaching tip of abdomen or somewhat

U-shaped; frena at least 1/4 as long as scutellum; opaque part of corium

broad and subtriangular.

Juga laterally toothed near apex*; basal part of stems of media and subcosta

slightly divergent and separated, hamus distinct but short Halydixae.

Juga not laterally toothed.

Spiracle of first visible ventral (really the second) exposed, a short but

evident distance away from the metasternal margin; bucculae subparallel

or slightly converging behind, first rostral contained in the groove or

partly free and projecting at an angle; stem of media either contiguous

to subcosta without trace of hamus, or divergent and somewhat distant

from it with well-developed hamus ( Mex. to S. Am., Cuba, Asia, Africa,-

Australia) Tessaratominae.

Spiracle of first visible ventral covered, rarely exposed just at the meta-

sternal margin; stems of media and subcosta contiguous and parallel,

with very little or no trace of hamus.

Bucculae subparallel, not united posteriorly, the first rostral not free,

occupying the groove between them, at least in its posterior part.

[Thorax with a longitudinal central ridge on ventral surface between

the coxae on entire length; abdomen almost keeled ventrally on its

entire length, with a long sharp curved process projecting forward

between hind coxae; prothorax produced on venter anteriorly in form

of a plate as in Scutellerinae, the inner margins of plates reflexed,

forming a ridge on each side of median line; tarsi 2-jointed

ACANTHOSOMINAE.]

[Thorax and abdomen normal, without ventral keel or ridge; or if

keeled the tarsi are 3-iointed; prothorax produced anteriorly as

above in Neottiglossa and Aelia only; caecal pockets present; tarsi

3-jointed PENXATOjriNAE.]

Bucculae convergent and united behind, the first rostral thick, free,

directed away from the head, only its base being between the bucculae;

caecal pockets absent A.sopinae.

* This should not be confused with the tooth of the side of the head at the base
of the antennae.



Subfamily SCUTELLERINAE
The species of this family exhibit a considerable variation in color-

pattern and ground-color, and care must be exercised to draw the specific

lines correctly.

[In examining both nymphs and imagines in our collection I have
been struck by the fact that the Scutellerinae have the prothorax pro-

duced anteriorly on each side on venter in the form of a sharp plate which
assumes different outlines in different species, but in all of them the plate

of each side is curved caudad just mesad of the outer margin of the fore

coxa and forms a ridge on each side of the medial line ; in the groove thus

formed the rostrum lies in similar manner as in that on venter of head.

In none of the other subfamilies except .A.canthosominae is there invari-

ably such plate-like anterior extension of the prothorax, the only other

exceptions known to me being Trichopepla and Aelia. I have refrained

from introducing the character in the subfamily key as I am not suffi-

ciently familiar with the Pentatomidae to judge as to the importance of

this character. It is pertinent however to mention that the prothorax in

most of the Cydnidae has the same characteristic central ridges anteriorly

as in Scutellerinae.]

KiCY TO Triise.s

NYliniS

Medlodorsal plate of anterior scent-gland nearly straight, narrow, slightly

broader at each end to contain the terminal pore, but not extended back at

the sides of the scent-gland, the pores of the two glands dissimilar (Eury-

gaster) Odo.ntotarsini.

Medlodorsal plate of anterior scent-gland very narrow in front of the next plate,

greatly expanded backward on each side of it, so that the terminal pores of^

the first gland are laterad of those of the second, all being similar in appear-

ance and similarly prominent (Homaemus) Tetybixi.

I.MAUIXE.S

Venter without stridulatory areas Odontot.^rsini.

Venter with median transverse pair of lustrous finely striated stridulatory

areas, borne on at least the 4th and .ith ventrals Tf:TYi!iNi.

Tribe ODONTOTARSIXl
Key to Gexeu.\ *

Osteole distinct, continued in a narrow canal; connexivuni rather broadly

exposed 1. Euriigaster.

Osteole indistinct, without evident canal.

Head gradually narrowed to tip, not truncate anteriorly: body silky-pubescent

(Col.) Fokkeria Schout.

• In tlii.s key and in thnse whicli follow, numbers before generic names indicate

genera which are treated in tlie text.



168

Head in front broad and subtruncate.

Sides of pronotum sinuate, lateral angles notched.

Surface nearly smooth, pronotal collar slightly arcuate 2. Phimodcra.
Surface above corrugated, pronotal collar elevated hoodlike over base of

head (Col.) Euptychodera Bergr.

Sides of pronotum feebly arcuate, lateral angles entire (Cal., Colo., Nev.,

Wyo. ) Yanduzeeina Schout.

1. EURVGASTER Lap.

EURYGASTER ALTERNATUS Say
Tetyra alternata Say, Am. Ent., Vol. 3, 1828; Compl. Writ, on Ent. N. A.,

Vol. 1, p. 94.

Taken by the author in the grassy bog at Sun Lake, Lake Co., 111.,

August 3 and 9. Other specimens are labeled "N. III." We have it also

from Minnesota, July 10 (Zetek). Can., U. S. from Me. to Cal., south

to N. M. (V. D.).

2. Phimodera Germ.

Phimodeea binotata Say *

SouteUera 'binotata Say, Narr. [Keating's] of Exped. [Long's] to Source

of St. Peter's Riv., etc., 1823, Vol. 2, App., p. 39, 1825. Also Say's Compl.

Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 198.

Two examples, taken by the author in the Illinois valley sand-region

near Havana May 31 and October 29 ; eleven specimens, Havana, April (!,

1917 (C. A. Hart, J. R. Malloch).

Tribe TETYRINI
Key 1*0 Genera

Osteolar opening nearer to hind coxa than to side margin.

Osteole continued in a distinct canal.

Costal border of elytra exposed not farther than middle of scutellum; canal

long.

Canal slender, slightly widened aplcally and curved forwards

1. Homaemus.
Canal greatly expanded apically into a punctate area and bent angularly

forward [ventral prothoracic plate as in PI. XVII, Fig. 18]—Pla., Tex.,

N. M. (Bol.), Ariz., Trop. Am Sphiirocoris Mayr.

Costal border of elytra exposed beyond middle of scutellum.

Sulcus on dorsal face of tibiae divided lengthwise into two sulci by a

slight ridge, at least basally 2. Stethaulax.

Sulcus on dorsal face of tibiae simple (Pla., Trop. Am.) ... .3. Symphylus

Osteole not continued in a distinct canal.

Pronotum without transverse impression near middle—S. C. and Fla. to

Tex. (V. D.) Diolcus Mayr.

[• Mr. Hart was not sure of the identification of this species, but material col-
lected in 1917 leaves no doubt in my mind as to the correctness of the identification.]



1G9

Pronotum with distinct transverse Impression near middle; small black

species.

Sides of pronotum and head entire—Pla., Tex., Ariz., Cal., Vancouver
(V. D.) Camirus Stai.

Sides of pronotum and head denticulate 4. Acantlioloma.

Osteolar opening nearer to side margin than to hind coxa, without canal.

Costal border of elytra exposed beyond middle of scutellum.

Connexivum distinctly exposed in part (N. Y., Md., D. C, Fla., Tex., Ariz.,

Trop. Am. ) Tetyra Fabr.

Connexivum very nearly or quite covered by scutellum (Cal.?, Mex. to

S. Am. ) Pachycoris Burm.

Costal border of elytra covered by scutellum except basally (S. C, Ga., Pla.,

Trop. Am. ) Chelysoma Bergr.

i. HOMAEMUS Dall.

In our series I have been unable to verify satisfactorily the minute
structural specific differences given by Van Duzee, and my previously

published key * depends too much on the form of the color-pattern.

[The shape of the anterior platelike extension of prothorax on venter
is very characteristic, and as it is tiseful in separating the southwestern
species profcus from the other three I have figured it (PI. XVII, Fig.

12-15) for all four species.]

Key to Species

NTMPHS

Pronotal lateral margin minutely serrulate, almost entire; an impunctate white
callus in front of the terminal pore of each scent-gland.

Lateral plates black on inner half, pale outwardly; callus large and conspicu-

ous; hair sparse, a brassy luster aenifrons.

Lateral plates with black line on inner margin, and black dot in outer half;

callus reduced, not very conspicuous in the general lighter brown of the

dark areas; hair dense and fairly straight; little or no brassy luster

parvulus.

Pronotal lateral margin rather coarsely acutely denticulate; no white callus;

hair dense, curled; lateral plates with a black line on inner margin and a

black spot occupying half or a third of the outer margin {Tex., Mex.] . .proteus.

IMAGINES

Head above bronzy black, sparsely short pubescent, without yellowish border;

costal border more or less barred with black; pattern obscure, more or less

mottled; length, 7-9 mm aenifrons.

Head above black or bronzy black, with yellowish margin or submarginal line;

costal border pale; general color pale yellowish, with pattern more or less

distinct.

Bui. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 7. p. 264.



i:o

Larger species (6%-8 mm.) ; head bronzy black, with short sparse pubescence;

sides of pronotum straight or slightly arcuate, apical expansion of pale

median line of scutellum parallel-sided or narrowed anteriorly, bordered by

black shading hijugis.

Smaller species (4%-6% mm.); head black, with rather dense longer whitish

pubescence; sides of pronotum concave at middle, hind angles more acute;

apical expansion of pale median line of scutellum bordered with a black

line and broader anteriorly parvulus.

HOMAEMUS AENIFRONS Say
Scutellera aenifrons Say, Narr. [Keating's] of Exped. [Long's] to Source of

St. Peter's RIv., etc., 1823, Vol. 2, App., p. 40. 1825. Also Say's Compl.

Writ. Ent., N. A., Vol. 1, p. 199.

From the Illinois valley sand-region near Havana and Forest City.

Nymphs were taken June 6, and imagines June 27 and 29, August 15 and
20, and September 11 and 20. Also a single specimen from Rock Island

in June. Parkdale, Minn., August 28 (Zetek). Taken in sweepings in

grassy areas. Ranges across the continent from Canada south to Mary-
land and New Mexico.

HoMAEMUS BIJUGIS Uhl.

Homaemus Mjugis Uhler, Prel. Rep. [1871] U. S. Geol. Surv. Montana, etc.,

p. 393. 1872.

One specimen from Union Grove, 111., in the sandy region along the

upper Mississippi, July 13, 6 specimens from Elizabeth, 111., July 6, 7, 1917

(Hart and Malloch) ; Fergus Falls, Minn., July 10 and 17 (Zetek). Arid
plains, Nevada and Colorado to Nebraska and Iowa (Van Duzee). The
males are smaller than the females, and have more obscure markings.

Homaemus parvulus Germ.
Pachycoris parvuhis Germar, Zeit. f. Ent., Vol. 1, p. 107. 1839.

Tetyra gramviica Auct., nee Wolff, Icones Cimicum, Fasc. 5, p. 172. 1811.

Taken in sweepings in southern Illinois at Odin, Dubois, Carbondale,

Parker, and Cobden, May 8 to July 20 ; nymphs. May 30. Col. and Mex.
east to N. C. and Fla. (V. D.).

[In addition to characters given in key, parvulus may be distinguished

from bijugis by the longer fifth ventral abdominal segment, which is

usually at least half as long as sixth, the presence of lateral black spots on
venter, and the shape of the anterior prothoracic ventral extension.]

2. Stethaulax Bergr.*

There is but one species of this genus recorded from North America.

Stethaulax marmoratus Say
Tetyra marmorata Say, Descrip. n. sp. Heter. Hemip. N. A., 1831; Compl.

Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol 1, p. 310.

[• This genus was taken in Illinois subsequent to Mr. Hart's death, and the treat-

ment of it herein is by the editor.]



in

Aulacostethus simulans Uhler, Bui. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv., Vol. 1, No.

5, sec. ser., p. 272. 1876.

The only Illinois specimen in our collection is a female taken at Cob-
den May 9, 1918, by the writer. The species has been recorded by Van
Duzee from N. Y., Md., N. J., N. C, Ga., Tex., and Cal. In the Bolter

Collection there are specimens from Arizona.

I can not detect the central ridge on hind tibia in this species even

at base, and in this respect it very closely resembles specimens from
Florida in the Bolter Collection labeled Symphylus, and recorded in the

next paragraph. I have figured the dorsal aspect of head (PI. XVII, Fig.

16), osteolar opening (Fig 21), anterior outline of ventral lateral portion

of prothorax (Fig. 19) and genital segments (Fig. 24) of Stethaidax

mannoratus and this Symphylus species (figures cited 'in next paragraph)

to illustrate the distinctions between them. These Florida specimens

undoubtedly represent a species not included in our North American list.

.3. Symphylus Dall.

This genus is now included for the first time among the Nearctic

genera bv reason of several examples of a species in the Bolter Collection

labeled Symphylus, from Indian River and Point Orange, Florida. [ ( PI.

XVII, Fig. IT, 20, 22, 23; cf. with figures cited in previous paragraph.)]

4. ACANTHOLOMA Stal •

ACANTHOLOMA DENTICULATA Stal

Acantholoma denticulata Stai, Enum. Hemlp., Pt. 1, p. 17. 1870.

Four specimens in Bolter Collection and one in Natural History

Survey collection, all labeled "N. 111."; one specimen, Dubois (S. 111.),

August 8, 1917 (J. R. Malloch) ; Kan. (Kirkaldy) ; Ind., 111., Kan.
(V.D.).

Subfamily GRAPHOSOMA TINAE
Key to Genera

Side margin of pronotum at anterior angle bearing a tooth.

No metasternal carina Amaurochrous.

A sulcate metasternal carina (Col.) Weda Schout.

Side margin o£ pronotum at anterior angle bearing a subquadrate lobe, the

apical margin denticulate (Va., Tex., Vancouver) Oncozygia Stai.

Amaurochrous Stal (Podops Lap.)

Smaller species, male 4%-6 mm., female 6-7 mm.
Anterior pronotal tooth narrow, apical angle about 45°, sides of pronotum

with slight sinus near middle, otherwise nearly straight from anterior

tooth to apex of posterior tooth, which has an apical angle of about 60° ....

jyarvulus.

Anterior pronotal tooth broader, apical angle 60°-90°, sides of pronotum

markedly sinuate, nearly transverse behind the sinus, suddenly rounded into

an obtuse lobe on the posterior tooth, so that its apical angle is about a

right angle cinctipes.



172

Larger species, male 7 mm., female 7-9 mm., pronotum about as. In preceding

species dubius.

Amaurochrous parvulus v. D.
Podops parvulus Van Duzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. 30, p. 22. 1904.

Taken at Normal in central Illinois, March 26 and June 27; also in northern

Illinois. Can., Mass., Kan., Col. (V. D.).

Amaurochrous cinctipes Say
Tetyra cinctipes Say, Am. Ent., Vol. 3, 182S; Compl. Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol.

1, p. 94.

Seems to prefer sandy land, and often occurs in driftwood collec-

tions. The imagines are foimd in all sections of Illinois, and throughout
the year except in April and the early part of May. Algonquin, Urbana,
Homer, Monticello, Havana, Ouincy, Carbondale, and Pulaski, March 19,

30 ; May 19, 24, 28, 31 ; June 9, 21 ; July 9 ; August 16, 19, 20 ; September
21 ; October 27, 28, 30 ; Nov. 14. Occurs in some of the Southern States,

but is more especially a species of the northern states and Canada. N. Y.,

N. J., Can. (V. D.). Duluth, Minn. (Bol.).

Amaurochrous dubius P. B.

Scutellera dubia Palisot de Beauvois, Ins. rec. en Afr. et en Amer., p. 33.

1805.

This species occurs in the West Indies, and has been reported from
N. Y., N. J., Va., and Tex. The Bolter Collection contains a female
8 mm. long, apparently of this species, from Nantucket Island, Mass.
[The species may occur in Illinois.]

Subfamily HALYDINAE
Includes but one genus in Illinois.

Brochymena a. & S.

Key to Species

NYMPHS
Pronotum with large, irregular lateral thorns, the lateral outline not straight,

very conspicuously angularly produced on posterior third, lateral cephalic

margin with a short thorn just in front of eye arborea.

Pronotum with small, almost equal-sized lateral teeth, the lateral outline almost

straight, only slightly produced near posterior extremity; lateral cephalic

margin with a short triangular protuberance just in front of eye. 'i-pustulata.

IMAGINES

Osteole very small and inconspicuous, the auricle pale and very small or almost

absent; pronotum produced in the form of a broad truncate process at lateral

posterior angles, its apex with 2 or 3 sharp teeth; the paired plater, at base of

genital segments of female bulbous, their posterior margins declivitous

arborea.



1T3

Osteole large, the auricle dark and well-developed; pronotum either broadly

rounded at posterior lateral angles or rather sharply angulated, usually

with small denticles; the paired plates at base of genital segments of female

slightly convex or flat, their posterior margins not declivitous.

Osteole not surrounded laterally by pale yellowish color; apical dorsal segment

of female conspicuously emarginate posteriorly; large species, females

averaging 18 mm. in length; color of dorsum as in the other species of the

genus but there is a paler area at apex of scutellum and on base of each

elytron that is not so evident in any other species before me; lateral margin
of metathorax narrowly pale yellow from base to apex cariosa.

Osteole surrounded laterally by pale yellowish color; apical dorsal segment

of abaomen of female transverse or slightly emarginate; lateral margins of

metathorax not narrowly pale 'i-pustulata.

[The above keys and the record of B. cariosa in text are by the editor.

Mr. Hart's key to imagines included only arborea and i-pustulata which were

separated on entirely different characters.]

Brochymexa arborea Say
Pentatoma arborea Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. 4, p. 311. 1825.

This also is a widely distributed species, ranging from Canada into

Mexico, and over nearly the whole of the United States. Its habits are
very similar to those of the preceding species, but it seems to be most
abundant later in the season. Examples determined by H. E. Summers
were reported to us as spearing on their beaks larvae of the Colorado
potato-beetle. Beach, Urbana, Twin Grove ; Centralia, Dubois, Metropo-
lis ; March 18, May 9, June 10, July 3 (on apple). August 19, September
6-14 (on apple), 20, 22, Xovember T. G. H. French reported to us that

he found Brochymena in all stages on willow, apple, and grape, and also

took adults on peach and pear, his localities being Centralia, Carbondale,

Makanda, Cobden, and Villa Ridge, and the dates August 26. 28, and
September 5, 12, 26.

Brochymexa cariosa Stal

Brochymena cariosa St41, Enum. Hemip., Pt. 2, p. 17. 1872.

One female which I found in the series of 4-pustulata is undoubtedly
cariosa, agreeing in every respect with Texan examples so named by
Mr. Hart.

Locality, Whitesville. Saline Co., 111., June 29, 1905.

Brochymena quadripustulata Fabr.

Cimex quadripustulata Fabricius, Ent. Syst., sec. ed.. Vol. 4, p. 100. 1794.

This is our commonest species. It ranges from the eastern United
States to California and is also found in Canada. It occurs in all sec-

tions of Illinois, but is perhaps commonest in the southern part. It rests

on the branches of trees, protected by its color. W'e have found it on elm
and grape, but it has been noted especially in orchards, on apple and
cherry trees. Sanderson has recorded it as preying on tlie tussock and
brown-tail moths ; but its abundance in- all stages on trees suggests that



174

it may also feed on the sap. We have never seen any with their beaks
inserted, but H. Garman, while an assistant at the State Entomologist's
office, found them very abundant on apple trees injured by twig punc-
tures. We have taken them hibernating in December ; they occur abun-
dantly on apple, oak, elm, and other trees in May and June ; and the
nymphs in our collection were taken in late June, July, and August. The
adults on apple trees, mentioned above, are perhaps the hibernating gener-
ation, the next generation being that taken by us in August, September,
and October. Localities are as follows : Milan and Andalusia in Rock
Island county ; Urbana, Peoria, Havana, Griggsville, and Pegrim ; Col-
linsville, Olney, Clay City, Flora, Odin, Centralia, Richview, Dubois,
Du Quoin, Mt. Vernon, Carbondale, Grand Tower, Cobden, Anna,
Pulaski, and Villa Ridge, in southern Illinois, the dates being April 7, 17,

19, 20; May 15, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30; June 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13, 21,

26, 29;July 8, 17, 25; August 13, 14; September 2, 11, 14, and 20; and
October 15, 31. Eggs of Brochymena, probably of this species, or of

arborea, we have collected in late June, and from these we bred two
parasites, determined for us by the U. S. Bureau of Entomology as

Anastatus sp. and Trissolcus murgantiae Ashm.

Subfamily PENTATOMINAE
Key to Teibes

NYMPHS
Juga broad, surpassing tylus and in close contact beyond it for a distance about

equal to the width of a jiigum Edessini.

Juga slender, straight, subacute, surpassing tylus by at least the width of a

jugum, nearly or quite in contact beyond it; body elongate Mecidiini.

Juga sometimes surpassing tylus, but by much less than a jugal width, and not

in contact beyond it Pextatomini.

IMAGINES

First rostral not evident between the bucculae anteriorly, apparently emerging

behind the middle of the head, attaining the fore coxae Discoceph.\lini.

First rostral resting about parallel to the under surface of head, its basal end

evidently in front of middle of head.

Body regularly ovate, broadest behind middle, margins all explanate; sides

of tergum rather broadly exposed Sciocorini.

Body usually broadest at lateral angles of pronotum, margins not uniformly

explanate; sides of tergum narrowly or not at all exposed.

Metasternum with a median smooth elevated area, strongly notched behind

to receive the ventral spine, and prolonged forward as a bifid process;

juga usually meeting broadly in front of tylus (Trop. Am., Fla. to La.) . .

.

Edessini.

Metasternum with not more than a simple median carina.

Venter with first three segments each side of middle bearing a curved

stridulatory band, finely and densely cross-striate; body elongate, about

four times as long as its greatest breadth (Mecidea) Mecidiini.



Venter without finely striated stridulatory band each side near base; body
not over three times as long as its greatest breadth Pextato.mini.

Tribe DISCOCEPHALINI
Key to GENiniA

Head narrower than apical margin of pronotum; side of head with spinose pro-

longation in front of eyes 1. DRYPxocBPHAiA.

Head as broad as apical margin of pronotum; side of head without spinose pro-

longation in front of eyes 2. Platycarenus.

1. Drvptocephala Lap.

This genus I have added to the list of our fauna because of a nymph
showing its peculiar head-structure, taken at Brownsville, Tex., Novem-
ber 21. I have nymphs apparently of the same species from Valles, Mex.,
near Tampico.

2. Platycaeenus Fieb.

Two species of this genus are listed under Discocephala from Texas
and Arizona respectively by Banks.* They belong to the subgenus Platy-

carenus, which Kirkaldy lists as a genus.

Tribe SCIOCORINI

SciocoRis Fall.

SciOCORIS MICROPHTHALMUS Flor

Sciocoris microphthalmus Flor, Rhynch. Livl. etc.. Vol. 1, p. 114. 1860.

This European species was taken on the White Mountains by Mrs.
Slosson. In the Bolter Collection are two examples : one from Duluth,
Minn. ; the other from the Lake Superior region. The species is labeled

umhrinits, but seems quite certainly microphthalmus.

Tribe EDESSINI
The large neotropical genus Edessa is represented in oiu" fauna

;

Florida to Louisiana.

Tribe MECIDIINI
It seems possible that this tribe, based by Bergroth on the presence

of stridulatory areas, may prove not to be a natural group.

Mecidea longula Stal

Mecidea longula Stai, Of. Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Forh., Vol. 11, p. 233. 1854.

This interesting, very elongate pentatomid is known from Texas,
New Mexico, Colorado, and Iowa, and its occurrence in the sand areas of

western Illinois is a possibility.

' Cat. Nearctic Hemp.-Het., p. 92.



176

Tribe PENTATOMINI
Key to Gbneea

NYMPHS

Hind tibiae glabrous or with soft pale hairs, without short black spinulose hairs

or dark points bearing them; third mediodorsal plate (except in Mormidea)
punctate behind s4it of scent-gland, with distinctly impressed punctures.

Third mediodorsal plate punctate behind slit of scent-gland.

First scent-gland not longer transversely than the others.

Tergum, except the chitinous plates, impunctate.

Pleura impunctate, sometimes slightly rugose; part of third median
plate behind slit large (as in Apateticus).

Notum with broad orange border, sometimes reduced or interrupted

at hind pronotal angles; disc next to the border black, central por-

tion, especially on scutellum, broadly or narrowly pale; lateral

plates usually black; tergal sutures, true and false, often marked
with darker lines Acrosternum.

Notum greenish, narrowly bordered with black; pronotal border

within the black line feebly orange; disc of notum with pattern of

distant black spots; lateral plates large, reaching sutures, pale rose-

color Nezara.

Pleura punctulate; part of third median plate behind slit short longi-

tudinally.

Notum and tergum without evident pale border; lateral plates oblong,

pale, with black inner marginal line; notum with vague black

shades, a distinct smooth pale spot at lateral scutellar angles; tergal

sutures usually darkened, as described for Acrosternum. . .Thyanta.

Notum and tergum with a uniform yellow or pinkish border, includ-

ing lateral plates; abdominal sutures concolorous Chlorochroa.

Tergum evidently evenly punctate or punctulate, not merely mottled;

smaller species.

Head glabrous or with a few sparse or very short hairs.

Juga considerably exceeding tylus.

Head flat, subtruncate in front, body subcircular; color brownish, a

smooth pale notal border, except near hind pronotal angles;

margin of head, inner margin of lateral plates, and borders of

scent-gland slits narrowly black; puhctures large, stellste

Dendrocoris.

Head convex, juga oblique in front; body oval or oblong; color pale,

with four longitudinal black stripes, or else black, with rnedian

line of notum, a very narrow lateral margin, and intermediate

spots, yellowish Neottiglossa.

Juga slightly or not at all exceeding tylus; first median plate bearing

a pair of distant oval black spots; outline subcircular; color yel-

lowish, base and longitudinal sutures of head black, a discal pair

of black spots on pronotum and another pair on scutellum; hind

border of pronotum and much of wing pads black Cosmopcpla.



Head with dense erect pubescence; tergum and venter (exclusive of

plates) punctulate (not very densely) with dark punctures; body
margin often more or less pale.

Juga exceeding tylus, and converging in front of it Periialus.

Juga not exceeding tylus Trichopepla.

First scent-gland longer transversely than the others, which are small;

plates all very large, punctate; tergum otherwise impunctate. .il/i()"!7a«?i<2.

Third mediodorsal plate smooth, impunctate; pleura coarsely and deeply

punctate, tergum and venter impunctate; notum black, its anterior and
lateral border whitish yellow, also its median line, and an intermediate

stripe running back on the tergum alongside of the scent-glands; tergal

margin narrowly pale, disc rose-purple, inwardly subconcentrically streaked

Mormidea.

Hind tibiae with dark points bearing minute black spinulose hairs; part of third

median plate behind slit of scent-gland small and indistinct, often mottled,

but without definite impressed punctures; pleurae impunctate or sparsely

punctulate. »

Pronotal lateral outline oblique, nearly straight or even concave, except near

the hind angles, where it is prominent and strongly rounded;* abdomen
impunctate.

Lateral plates oblong, pale, not mottled, bordered within by a nearly

straight black line; notum with pale border, margined within by a black

stripe; on the wing a discal second stripe; antennae black; pronotal

lateral outline concave; mediodorsal plates except the last nearly or quite

divided by a pale median stripe, leaving a pair of subquadrate black spots

on the first plate, and a pair of elongate spots on the second and third

plates Solubea.

Lateral plates semicircular, mottled, without black border, second and third

mediodorsal plates each with a pale median line, each side of which is a

rounded shining black prominence bearing a short pale oblique dash;

antennae basally yellowish, annulate with white at second articulation,

not merely narrowly pale yellowish at articulations as usual Proxys.

Lateral plates semicircular, more or less mottled, a black curve within or

black dot at intersection of inner side with false suture; mediodorsal

plates varying from mottled in older nymphs to solid black with median

line and borders of slit pale; antennae partly pale except in very young

nymphs Euschistus.

Pronotal lateral outline quite evenly arcuate, nearly continuous with the

curve of the body outline, hind pronotal angles not at all prominent.

The pronotal lateral outline if continued forward would miss the eye by

more than its diameter, the anterior angles in line with anterior eye-

margins; tergum and venter distinctly and rather densely punctate; last

antennal segment black; mediodorsal plates with dark spot at each end;

ground-color fuscous Menecles.

' This distinction is not evident in very young nymphs.



178

The pronotal lateral outline if continued forward would pass close to the

eye, not less than its diameter from it, the anterior angles not as far

forwards as anterior eye margin; ground-color pale yellowish.

Tergum and venter sparsely punctulate, second and third mediodorsal

plates black, with median stripe and anterior edge of transverse slit

pale; notum with blackish shades, but always a vague pale median
stripe; antennae dark fuscous Hymenarcys.

Tergum and venter impunctate; second and third mediodorsal plates

pale, with a pair of oblique black dashes in front of slit, and a pair of

transverse ones on the posterior border; notum with only a short longi-

tudinal black dash at base of each wing pad, and the usual sparse black

punctures ; antennae black Coenus.

IJlAtilNES

Juga straight, acute, surpassing tylus, but not converging in front of it.

Second ventral at middle produced forward in a stout spine between the hind

coxae; mesosternum with very prominent median carina prolonged for-

wards (Cal., Ariz., Tex., Fla.) ^ Arvelius Spin.

Second ventral not produced in a spine.

Femora unarmed (Ariz.) ^. .Chlorocoris Spin.

Femora acute at middle of apex above, ending in a minute spine. . . .1. Loxa.

Juga obtuse, equaling tylus or converging and nearly or quite meeting in front

of it; mesosternum without prominent carina prolonged forwards.

Second ventral at middle produced forwards in a stout spine or well-defined

tubercle towards or between hind coxae. [See note at end of key,]

Juga not exceeding tylus.

Ventral spine passing middle coxae, spiracles large, black (Fla., N. Mex.)

Piezodorus Pieb.

Ventral spine not reaching middle coxae.

First antennal surpassing head (Fla.) Yulsirea Spin.

First antennal not surpassing head.

Second antennal more than half as long as fifth.

Osteolar prolongation acuminate, reaching over half-way to body

margin 2. Acrosternum

.

Osteolar prolongation subtruncate, reaching less than 1/3 the dis-

tance to body margin I Coastal plain, Va. ; Tex. (Hart)

Nezara A. & S.

Second antennal less than half as long as fifth; ventral spine some-

times reduced to a broad tubercle 3. Banasa.

Juga surpassing tylus and nearly or quite meeting in front of it.

Osteolar sulcus drawn out laterally and tapering into a narrow ridge at

apex 4. Dendrocoris.

Osteolar sulcus short, truncated (Fla.) Brepholoxa V. D.

Second ventral at middle sometimes convexly prominent, but not produced
forwards in a stout spine or tubercle.

Osteole without a distinct anterior auricle, the margin of the orifice

V-shaped at inner end, exteriorly drawn out into a tapering canal often

shading apically into a narrow acuminate ridge arising from the pos-

terior side of the canal.



179

Prena exceeding mid-scutellum ; diffusion area well developed.

Osteolar prolongation short, reaching about 1/3 the distance from orifice

to lateral margin of metasternum; juga not surpassing tylus

(Pentatoma Auct.)

Sides of pronotum with distinctly reflexed margin.

Third rostral shorter than second and about equal to fourth

o. Ch lorochroa.

Third rostral about equaling second, and longer than fourth

6. Rhytidolomia.

Sides of pronotum with margin acute but not reflexed (Atlantic

states. Col., Mont., Lower Cal.) Liodcrmion Kirk.

Osteolar prolongation reaching half-way or more to lateral margin of

metasternum.

Juga not surpassing tylus 7. Thyanta.

Juga surpassing tylus and meeting in front of it S. Peribalus.

Frena not reaching mid-scutellum; diffusion area very small and ill-

defined 9. Trichopeiiia.

Osteole with the rounded—rarely elongate—orifice on the outer side of a

low elevation, which extends around its anterior side and outwardly,

usually as a short raised auricle with a more or less free obtusely

rounded apex.

Head at least 7.8 as wide as scutellum. [Prothorax with a sharp plate-

like production of anterior margin on each side ventrally which

.curves ridgelike mesad of coxa but does not extend caudad beyond

the latter.]

Pronotum with median ridge only; [lateral extension of prothorax on

venter not extending beyond anterior margin of eye] .10. XeoffiffZossa.

Pronotum 3-ridged, sides straighter; [lateral extension of prothorax on

venter extending much beyond anterior margin of eye] (Col. and
Neb., northward into Canada AeUa Fabr.

Head less than 7/S as wide as scutellum.

Osteole with inner end nearly in line with outer sides of adjacent

coxae, without evident raised auricle or canal or the usual large

opaque area 11. Muigantia.

Osteole about as far laterad of the outer sides of the coxae as the coxal

diameter; an evident raised auricle and a well-defined large opaque

area present, rarely one or the other not developed.

Hind tibiae smoothly rounded above, at least on basal half.

Bucculae strongly arcuate, much exceeded behind by first rostral.

Scutellar breadth at apices of frena fully twice length of frena. .

12. Cosmopeplii.

Scutellar breadth at apices of frena at most little more than

length of frena 13. J/or»i idea.

Bucculae nearly straight-edged, not exceeded behind by first rostral.

Tylus rounded at apex, not surpassing juga; eyes and pronotum

contiguous 14. Holubea.

Tylus acute at apex, strongly surpassing juga; eyes distant from

pronotum about as far as their diameter 15. Proxys.



180

Hind tibiae sulcate above, at least on basal half.

Pronotal hind angles emarginate (Iowa, Col. to Vancouver and

Lower Cal,, Me. ) 16. Prionosoma.

Pronotal hind angles not emarginate.

Bucculae sloping off at posterior end, without evident posterior

lobe.

Margins of pronotum arcuate and explanate; membrane veins

anastomosing 17. Menecles.

Margins of pronotum sinuate; veins of membrane not anas-

tomosing.

Frena reaching well beyond mid-scutellum.

Pronotal margin serrate anteriorly 18. Euschistiis.

Pronotal margin entire (Fla.) Padaeus StSl.

Frena not reaching beyond mid-scutellum; pronotal margin

entire (Kan. to Cal., north to Vancouver. .Eysarcoris Hahn.

Bucculae elevated at posterior end into a distinct lobe, ending

abruptly behind.

Tylus not more prominent above than juga, which converge

over it at apex (Col. to Cal., and N. Dak.) . . . .Carimcoris Kol.

Tylus throughout more prominent than juga, which are

parallel.

Distal part of scutellum narrower than elytra

19. Hymenarcys.

Distal part of scutellum broader than elytra 20. Coenus.

[It was the intention of the author to arrange his keys according to

the natural sequence of the genera, but evidently the attaching of impor-
tance to certain characters led him to place between closely related genera

one or more genera that are apparently not closely related to the genera
which they separate. An example may be seen in the case of Dendro-
coris, since the genera Thyanta and Banasa are undoubtedly very closely

related while Dendrocoris, intervening, is readily separable from them by
a number of striking anatomical characters which are in my opinion of

paramount importance in this family. The male genitalia are very dis-

tinctive in all the species of Dendrocoris which I have seen, the deep
central excavation and lateral clawlike processes (PI. XVIII, Fig. 28)

being strikingly different from the ordinary forms in Thyanta and its

allies (PI. XX, Fig. TO, T2, 75, ?;). The genitalia of the females differ

from those of Thyanta and allied genera in having the basal paired plates

entirely covered by the apical ventral segment when in their normal posi-

tion. In addition to the genital differences mentioned the metasternum
of Dendrocoris lacks the central ridge except in some cases at its anterior

extremity. The male of this genus frequently has no protuberance on the

second abdominal sternite, but the above characters will identify such

specimens.]

[The arrangement of the genera of Pentatominae and other sub-

families of Pentatomidae has apparently been rather arbitrary if one may
judge from the repeated re-alignment of the constituent genera in various



181

publications, even those issued by the same writer, and it occurs to the

editor of this paper that a careful study of all stages of the group would
afford a fruitful field for some unbiased student.]

1. LoxA, A. &S.

LoxA sp. ?

The Bolter Collection contains two examples of a species of Loxa
labeled "N. 111." The genus has hitherto been known only from N. Mex.
and Tex. (Uhl.) and Fla. (Van Duzee).

2. AcROSTERNUM Fieb.

Key to Species

Form short-oval, sides of pronotum conspicuously arcuated pennsylvanicuni.

Form obovate, sides of pronotum nearly straight hilare.

/\.CR0STERNUM PENNSVLVANICUM De G.

Cimex iiennsylvanicwm De Geer, Memoires pour Serv. a I'Hist. Ins., Vol. 3,

p. 330. 1773.

Of this uncommon species we have several examples from northern

Illinois in June. Its recorded range is from Massachusetts to Iowa and

north into Canada. Banks has taken it on Ceanothus.

ACROSTERNUM HILARE Say
Pentatoma hilaris Say, N. Sp. N. Am. Ins. found by Joseph Barabino,

chiefly in La., p. 9, 1832; Compl. Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 304.

This very common large green species is in our collection from
numerous localities in the various sections of the state. It ranges from
Canada to Brazil, and from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific. The Bolter

Collection contains specimens from California, from which it had not

previously been reported. The life history is very evident from the data

at hand. The imagines are most frequently taken in May and the early

part of June ; there are only a few dates in July and August, but they

become more frequent in the latter part of September, with records for

October and November. The nymphal records are all for July and
August and the early part of September. A number of food plants, trees

and herbs, are recorded. Our data show the occurrence of the nymph
on grape and ash, and of the adult on catalpa and apple.

3. Banasa Stal

[There appears to be some uncertainty as to the identity of the

species in this genus, and an examination of types appears to me neces-

sary to definitely decide the matter. I have figured one side of the male
hypopygium in calva, diniidiata, and imbuta Walker—a Texan species

—

( PL XVIII, Fig. 25, 26, 87), to facilitate identification of the species dealt

with in this paper.]



182

Key to Species

Pronotum without any sharply contrasting color drvision.

General color dark chestnut or blackish; abdominal marginal incisures with

evident black dot; basal, angles of scutellum at most with very small

smooth spots; [pronotum and basal half of elytra with narrow yellow lateral

margins; male hypopygium similar to that of calva] sorcUda.

General color greenish; abdominal marginal incisures without evident black

dot; basal angles of scutellum with a smooth pale callus larger than eye;

[pronotum and elytra without yellow lateral margins; male hypopygium
similar to that of dhnidiata] euchlora.

Pronotum green or olivaceous in front of a line connecting the lateral angles;

back of this line red-brown; the two colors in sharp contrast.

Abdominal marginal incisures with evident black dot; second antennal 2/3 to

3/4 as long as third; [male hypopygium as in PI. XVIII, Pig 2S] . . . . calva.

Abdominal marginal incisures with not more than a minute black point;

second antennal 1/2 to 2/3 as long as third; [male hypopygium as in Fig.

25] ? dimidiata.

Banasa sordida Uhl.

Atovwsira sordida Uhler, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 14, p. 98. 1871.

Two specimens taken by the author near the Mississippi River at

Grand Tower, southern Ilhnois, June 30 and July 10. The species is

recorded from Maine, Vancouver, and Arizona, and from some inter-

mediate states.

Banasa euchlora Stal

Banasa eiiclilora St&l, Enum. Hemip., Pt. 2, p. 44. 1872.

This is a southern species, one ranging from Florida to Arizona
(BoL), and north to Maryland and Iowa. It was captured on cedar at

Summerfield (S. 111.) May 1, by E. S. G. Titus.

Banasa calva Say
Pentatoma calva Say, Descrip. n. sp. Heter. Hemip. N. A., 1831; Compl.

Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 318.

The species is known from Georgia, Xew York, and Montana. [We
have one male from Grand Tower (S. 111.) July 12. 1909.] Van Duzee
says that near Buffalo (N. V.) it is "tolerably abundant on various

deciduous trees from August to October."

Banasa dimidiata Say
Pentatoma dimidiata Say, Descrip. n. sp. Heter. Hemip. N. A., 1831; Compl.

Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol 1, p. 318.

This IS our commonest species. It ranges from the Atlantic coast to

California, and north into Canada. We have it from Algonquin and vari-

ous other points in northern Illinois; also from Ouincy ( C. 111.) May I'i.

September 9, and November 14, (and from White Heath (C. 111.) Novem-
ber 22, 1913.]



183

4. Dendrocokis Bergr.*

There is but one species of this genus in our lUinois material, though
we have apparently six species from the United States in the collection.

DeNDROCORIS HUMERALIS Uhl.

Liotropis humeralis Uhler, Bui. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., Vol. 3,

No. 2, p. 400. 1877.

This species is not uncommonly swept from black-jack oak at

Havana, Forest City, and Aleredosia. It also occurs under similar con-

ditions at Alto Pass and Dubois. Other localities for Illinois are Gales-

burg, White Heath, Carbondale; and one specimen is labeled "N. 111."

Other states : Vt., Mass., N. T-, Pa., Md., W. Va., Ga., Ohio, Iowa, Kan.,

Col., Cal.? (V. D).
Mr. Van Duzee places a question mark after the California record.

Possibly the specimen or specimens referred to are identical with one in

our collection from Yosemite Valley, Cal., which is closely related to

humeralis though evidently specifically distinct.

The male hypopygia of the species before me are all of similar

structure (PI. XVIII, Fig 28), and differ strikingly from those of
Thyanta. The female genitalia differ from those of Thyanta and allied

genera in having the basal plates concealed beneath the preceding ventral

segment.

Mr. W. L. McAtee informs me that he has taken some specimens of
humeralis that differ from the normal form in having the juga separated
at apices. These specimens were taken in the vicinity of Washington,
D. C.

Mr. Van Duzee in his recent catalogue lists Dendrocoris near the

end of its tribe, placing Arvelius before it and after Thyanta.

5. ClILOROCIIROA

Chlorochro.\ uiileri Stal t
Chlorochroa uhleri Stai, Enum. Hemip., Pt. 2, p. 33. 1872.

Chlorochroa persimilis Horvath, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hung., Vol. 6, p. 555. 1908.

This species is exceedingly abundant in the Illinois valley sand-
regions, swarming on Opnntia rafincsquii. and feeding mostly at' the tip

of the fruits when these are present. I have also taken it in the sand
dunes of the Chicago area on dwarf cedar (Juniperus sabina). Vestal
says that it also occurs on Chrysopsis, Kuhnia. Ambrosia psilostachya,

Lespcdcza capitata, and grasses. In the Illinois valley we have it from
Forest City, Manito, Bishop, Havana, Bath, Arenzvil'le, and Meredosia.
In the Chicago area we have it from Beach and Waukegan ; and there are
also single examples from Eureka, near the Illinois valley sands, from
Mascoutah, near St. Louis, and from Dubois. The dates are April 1,4, 9

;

June 5, 6, 10; August 7, 12, 13, 14, 18, 22, 24; September 28, 30; Octo-

[* Treatment of this genus is by the editor.]
[t In Mr. Hart's MS. he uses the name pei-similis, but Van Duzee's Catalogii

gives this as a s.vnonym of uhleri, in which he is followed here by the editor.]



184

ber 8, 15, 29, 30 ; and November 17. Nymphs occurred June 6 to October
30. In the late fall most adults are a dark brownish carmine resembling
that of the ripe fruit of the Opuntia on which they occur. A few green

individuals still remain, and it would seem that the red color is assumed
at transformation, while mature adults are not affected. This dark
variety was found abundant October 29, 30, and 31, and November 17.

The species is common in sandy situations east to the Atlantic coast and
in Iowa and Canada. It hibernates as an adult under shelter (Vestal).

[The claspers of the male hypopygia of ulilcri, sayi Stal, congrua
Uhler, and a species provisionally named ligata Say in our collection are

very similar in structure, the most striking dififerences being found in

those of the first two species as shown in Figures 29 and 30, Plate

XVIII.

]

6. Rhytidolomia Stal

Rhytidolomia belfragii Stal

Rhytidolomia belfragii Stai, Enum. Hemip., Pt. 2, p. 33. 1872.

Three specimens from northern Illinois in April (S. H. Peabody)
;

111., Iowa, Neb., Canada (V. D.).

[Judging from the general habitus and hypopygial structure of this

and the preceding species one might reasonably question the validity of

the generic separation of the insects. The hypopygial claspers are very
similar to those of Chlorochroa and are shown in Figure 31, Plate

XVIII.]

7. Thyanta Stal *

Key to Species

Pronotal side margin anteriorly uneven and serrulate, usually a distinct black

margin, a very distinct pair of black dots on pronotal disc, behind head;

punctuation Of disc of corium sparser than in the next species; male genital

segment with median lobe rounded or subangulate calceata.

Pronotal side margin nearly entire, often dark-margined, disc without distinct

pair of black dots; punctuation of disc of corium quite dense; male genital

segment with median lobe nearly straight-edged custator.

Thyanta calceata Say
Pentatoma calceata Say, Descrip. n. sp. Meter. Hemip. N. A., 1831; Compl.

Writ. Ent. N. A. Vol. 1, p. 320.

Mr. H. G. Barber has recently pointed out f the characters for the

recognition of this species, which had been previously confused with

cnstator. He states that calceata appears to be confined to the region east

of the Alleghanies ; but the species had already been recognized by Dr. S.

A. Forbes as distinct in our collection. The localities are Urbana and
Towanda (C. 111.) and Tamaroa [and Alto Pass] (S. 111.), and the dates

are May 2, [8], and 18, and September 22. We have also specimens from
Kentucky and Florida in the Bolter Collection.

* For synopsis of North American species see Addenda to this paper.
t Journ. N. T. Ent. Soc, Vol. 19. p. 108.



Thvanta custator Fabr.

Cimex custator Pabricius, Syst. Rhyng., p. 164. 1803.

This common and variable species is easily recognized by its peculiar

granulate appearance, caused by the fine and dense punctuation. There
are two extreme color-varieties. One is green, often with a red band
between the humeri and red lateral border to the pronotum ; the other is

brownish fuscous, more or less dotted above and below with fuscous,

and with a pale median line on the scutellum. There are so many inter-

grades between these forms that a variety name is not consideired neces-

sary. The species is widely distributed over the United States. It feeds

on asparagus, corn, and various grasses. Several examples of the dark-

variety were once captured by C. \V. Woodworth on the top of a tower of

the University of Illinois about 180 feet high. The species is moderately

common in all parts of Illinois, especially on dry or sandy soils. The
dates are distributed rather uniformly throughout the season. Collections

in November and December indicate that hibernation in the adult stage

is usual. Nymphs have been taken from May to July, but much more

abundantly from August to October.

8. Peribalus Muls. & Rey

Key to Species

Under surface and legs piceous, connexival pale border more or less Invaded by

large square black spots at incisures; [posterior margin of hypopygial opening

as in Figure 32, Plate XVIIl] piceus.

Under surface and legs pale, connexivum with narrow pale border, line between

this and the black discal color more or less sinuated outwardly on the inci-

sures; [posterior margin of male hypopygial opening as in Figure 33]

limholurms.

Peribalus piceus Dall.

Pentatoma' picea Dallas, List of Specimens of Heniip. Ins. in Coll. Brit.

Mus., Ft. 1, p. 236. 1851.

We have niunerous specimens from northern Illinois (S. H. Pea-

body). The species is rather rare, being listed from Canada, Montana,
and Iowa.

Peribalus limbolarius Stal

Peribalus limbolarius Stai, Enum. Hemip., Pt. 2, p. 34. 1872.

This common species ranges across the United States and from
Canada to Mexico. We have it from numerous localities in all sections
of the state. It is particularly a late-summer and fall species. We have
taken it in January, March, April, and May, hut especially from June l!l.

to November 7, the largest number of ca])tures being in October. The
nymphs were taken during the summer months. It feeds on goldenrod
(Kirkaldy). At Urbana, October 20, the author found twenty-three
imagines on a single cauliflower stalk with their beaks inserted, evidently

sucking the sap.



186

9. Triciiopepla Stal

Key to Species

Sides of pronotum arcuate; head scarcely tapering; antennae black, first anten-

nal rufous; basal half of scutellum finely and densely punctate atricornis.

Sides of pronotum nearly straight; head distinctly tapering, with three pale

impunctate stripes; antennae black, basal two or three segments pale; basal

half of scutellum coarsely and unevenly punctate semivittata.

Trichopepla atricornis Stal

Trichopepla atricornis Stai, Enum. Hemip., Pt. 2, p. 34. 1872.

Recorded from Illinois and Wisconsin, west to California and Alaska.
Not represented in our collections.

Trichopepla semivittata Say
Pentatoma semivittata Say, Descrip. n. sp. Heterop. Hemip. N. A., 1831;

Compl. Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 319.

Ranges from Canada and Maryland west to Colorado. Our material

shows a remarkable variation in size and color. Specimens from south-

ern Illinois are smaller (5-7 mm.) and paler, the square black spots of
the connexivum often reduced to rufous shades on a yellowish ground-
color, while those from central Illinois measure 7-8.5 mm. and are usually

darker, with distinct black connexival spots. One specimen, evidently

this species, has the antenna black except the basal joint. Dubois, Car-
bondale, Alto Pass, Cobden, Parker, Dongola, Brownfleld (S. Ill) ; Ur-
bana and Seymour (C. 111.)—June 7-22, July 3, 16, 17, 18, August 24, 30,

and October 7. On the latter date they were abundant near Urbana in

all stages, and Van Duzee so found them near Buffalo, N. Y., November 3.

The food plant is the common wild carrot.

10. Neottiglossa Kirby

[This genus and Aelia are exceptions to the general rule in this

subfamily in having the prothorax produced anteriorly on venter in the

form of a thin plate on each side, each plate being reflexed near its inner

margin and continued caudally in the form of an erect slender ridge as in

Scutellerinae. The other structures in the genera are, however, similar

to those of the Pentatominae, and as the nymphs agree better with those

of the latter than with Scutellerinae, in having the anterior tergal scent-

glands in line with the posterior pairs, it appears to me inadvisable with

the available data to suggest any change in the subfamily arrangement.]

Key to Species

NYMPHS
Dorsal surface of head evenly rounded sulcifrons.

Dorsal surface of head with a large circular depression on disc cavifrons.

IMAGINES

Head dorsally evenly convex transversely and longitudinally, at sides narrowly

elevated above lateral carina; general color pale, fusco-punctate; head with

pale median 1 ine ,...,... undata.



187

Head dorsally each side in front of eyes very tumid and greatly elevated above

lateral carina; colors testaceous and black; head black, often with a tes-

taceous mark each side, but without pale median line.

Deflexed anterior part of head flattened, uneven, slightly impressed on tylus;

scutellum broadly testaceous laterally, the base and a median stripe broadly

black sulcifrons.

Deflexed anterior part of head occupied by a subcircular evenly concave

densely punctate excavation ; scutellum black, often with narrow pale

margin on apical portion cavifrons.

Neottiglossa undata Say
Pentatoma undata Say, Descrlp. Heter. Hemip. N. A., 1831; Compl. Writ.

Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 319.

Quebec to Vancouver, south to Col, Neb., 111., and N. J., common in

northeastern U. S. Algonquin ( N. 111.) ; Havana, Bloomington, Normal,
Champaign, Urbana, St. Joseph, Homer, and Oakwood (C. 111.) ; none
taken in southern Illinois. Taken in Iowa on mtillein. The imagines were
all captured in April, May, and June except a few in November.

Neottiglossa sulcifrons Stal

Neottiglossa sulcifrons Stai, Enum. Hemip., Pt. 2, p. IS. 1872.

A southern species, ranging north as far as Utah, Nebraska, Iowa,
and the District of Columbia. It occurs in southern Illinois, and is also

taken in the central Illinois sand-regions at Havana and Forest City. The
southern Illinois localities are Plainview, Carbondale, Alakanda, and Cob-
den. Taken later than the preceding species—May to August.

Neottiglossa cavifrons Stal

Neottiglossa cavifrons St&l, Enum. Hemip. Pt. 2, p. 18. 1872.

This species is quite rare in collections, but is not uncommon in

southern Illinois. It is listed from Texas, Utah, and California, The
Illinois localities are Odin, Ashley, Dubois, Carbondale, Alakanda, Anna,
and Dongola, all in the southern fourth of the state. The dates range
from April 38 to July 81, with nymphs on June 20 and July 9. One of
these was taken on Pycnanthemum. The species is quite distinct from
sulcifrons.

11. MURGANTIA Stal

Murgantia histrionica Hahn
Strachia histrionica Hahn, Wanz. Ins., Vol. 2, p. 116. 1834.

This is a common pest of cabbage and other Cruciferae in the South
and in extreme southern Illinois, but it is seldom taken north of the
center of the state. It has been known to feed on corn and a few other
plants, probably in the absence of its natural food. It requires, of course,

a spray of contact poison, and since it is very resistant to such treatment
it is a difficult pest to combat. We have it from Willard, Grand Tower,
Aldridge, Murphysboro, Anna, Metropolis, Mascoutah, and Edgewood in



southern Illinois, on cabbage, rape, turnip, and wild peppergrass, May
16 and 23, June 2, July 24 and 25. August 3, 5, 6, 10, and 11 ; and from
Edgar, Urbana, and Springfield (C. 111.) June 23, September 8 to 38,

and in October, both young and old having been found on rape at Urbana
and imagines on mustard at Edgar. The Bolter Collection contains one
example from northern Illinois, and the species has been taken by us in

Chicago. It is listed from Iowa (Stoner).

12. COSMOPEPLA Stal

COSMOPEPLA BIMACULATA Thom.*
Pentatoma Hmaculata Thomas, Trans. 111. State Agr. Soc, Vol. 5, p. 455.

1865.

Cimex carnifex Fabricius, Ent. Syst., Suppl., p. 535. 1798. (Preoccupied.)

Cosmopepla Untneriana Kirkaldy, Cat. Hemip. (Heter.), with Biol, and
Anatom. Ref., Vol. 1, p. 80. 1909.

Abundant and generally distributed in Illinois. Taken in every month
from March to November. Unlike most species it was most frequently

taken in the summer months. Nymphs were collected in June and August.
Kirkaldy lists as food plants, Scrophularia nodosa, Ranunculus, currant,

blackberry, mint, mullein, potato, raspberry, and moth mullein ; and to

these I add from our records Stachys and pokeberry. The recorded

range is the United states and Canada east of the Rocky Mountains, also

Washington. We have several typical specimens from Monterey, Mex.,

and two from New Mexico.

13. MORMIDEA A. &S.

MoRMiDEA LUGENS Fabr.

Cimex lugens Fabricius, Ent. Syst., sec. ed.. Vol. 4, p. 125. 1794.

This species also is abundant in all sections of Illinois. Common in

the United States and Canada, especially east of the Rocky Mountains.
Like the preceding species it is notably most abundant in the summer
months. Nymphs also were common in summer after June 21, and a few
were taken in September and October. Imagines occurred in November,
December, March, and April, indicating hibernation as adult. Food plant,

Verbascum ( Kirkaldy )

.

14. SoLUBEA Bergr.

SoLUBEA PUGNAx Fabr.

Cimex pugnax Fabricius, Ent. Syst., sec. ed., Vol. 4, p. 100. 1794.

A southern and tropical species (PI. XXI, Fig. 78). It ranges from
Long Island to Iowa, thence to Brazil. It has not been taken in northern

Illinois and only rarely in central Illinois (at Urbana, Mahomet, and
Topeka), but it is very common in the state south of the latitude of St.

Louis. It is recognized as a pest of grasses in Kentucky,* and corn,

[• The synonymy herewith is that given by Van Duzee in his recent Catalogue.
Mr. Hart used the name Untneriana in his MS.]

• Garman. Psyche, Vol. 6, p. 61.



189

wheat, Panicum, and Setaria are listed as food plants. We have taken it

from May to November, especially in midsummer ; the nymphs from

July to October. It is also recorded as attacking the cotton-worm

(Aletia).

15. Proxvs Spin.

Proxys punctulatus p. B.

Halys punctulata Palisot de Beauvois, Ins. rec. en Afr. et en Amer., p. 188.
,

1805.

This species ranges from Florida to Oklahoma and Texas, and
southward into Central America, with one record for Philadelphia. The
species was taken by the author in extreme southern Illinois June 4 to 10.

at Parker, Pulaski, and Cairo, in the latter place under electric street-

lights. The food plant is given as cotton, but there is very littL or none

of this in the vicinity of the localities named. It is also said to prey upon

the cotton-worm.
16. Prionosoma Uhl.

Prioxosoma podopioides Uhl.

Prionosoma podopioides Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., Vol 2, p. 364. 1863.

The range usually recorded for this species is from western Canada
to Lower California, west of the Rocky Mountains. Stoner records it,

' however, from Iowa City and Ft. Madison, Iowa, in sandy ground. Since

the latter locality is on the Mississippi River opposite Illinois the species

should be looked for in the extensive sand-regions on the Illinois side of

the Mississippi in this vicinity.

[There is one specimen without a locality label in our collection.]

IT. Mexecles Stal

Menecles insertus Say
Pentatoma inserta Say, Descrip. n. sp. Hater. Hemip. N. A., 1S31; Compl.

Writ., Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 317.

Recorded from Canada, and ranging across the northern United

States from Massachusetts to California, south as far as Arkansas. "Ap-
parently nowhere abundant." (V. D.) In our collection from northern

Illinois; from Quincy, ^M^ite Heath, Urbana, St. Joseph, Homer, Muncie,

and Hiller}', in central Illinois; and from Dubois and Anna (S. 111.).

Nymphs in June ; imagines from ]March to November. Its inf requency

in collections is doubtless due to its arboreal habits. Van Duzee records

its capture in numbers from small hickory trees ; and in late October and

early November we found it very abundant on sidewalks on the campus

of the University of Illinois under a row of hard maple trees, which it

was presumably leaving for hibernation.

18. EuscHiSTUS Dall *

The structure of the male hypopygia in this genus is similar in all

of the species, the principal distinctions being found in the shape of the

[* The key, with the exception of the braclieted matter, is by Mr. Hart. The
remainder of the text, including records apd description of species, is by the editor.l



190

ventral plate, as shown in Figures 34 to 39, Plate XVIII. The form of
this plate in impictiventris, euschistoides, ictericus, and scrviis is almost
identical, the central emargination being almost evenly rounded off later-

ally. In addition to this character all of the species of this group have a

distinct central notch in the thin plate which projects from the caudal
margin of the upper plate of the hypopygium, the notch varying slightly

in depth in the different species (Fig. 37). The two species tristi'giuns

and pyrrhoccrus have the hypopygia of slightly different form, the ventral

plate having a slight but distinct angle at each side of the central emargi-
nation, and the thin plate above referred to sharply produced in center,

not notched (Fig. 35). Other forms of the hypopygial structures are

shown in Figures 34, 36, 38, and 39.

Key to Species

A distinct black dot in each anterior angle of the ventral segments.t

[Juga with a few sparse punctures along the lateral margins and between

ocelli; disc of pronotum and elytra largely impunctate; antennae pale

su'bimpunctatus.']

Juga above densely punctate; in side view obliquely truncate, not exceeding

the obtuse median anterior profile formed by the tylus and labrum; mar-

gin of male genital segment, as viewed from behind, with distinctly

limited median notch; antennae usually pale or reddish; 9 or 10 mm.

Side margin of pronotum nearly straight to the obtuse lateral angles, an

evident pale edge, sharply contrasting above with a well-defined dark

border; head above with dark margin; no median ventral spots; notch

in male genital segment V-shaped, a similar, very small incision each

side of it politus.

^Side margin of pronotum deeply sinuate, pale edge narrow, dark border

shading off very gradually inwards, none on head; venter in front of

genital segment with one or more median spots, rarely none; last tarsal

usually black-tipped; notch in male genital segment semicircular,

limited each side by a small tooth.

Lateral pronotal angles rounded or subacute; ventral spots 2-4; darker,

antennae often black aplcally; imagines common before and after July.

.

tristigmus.

Lateral angles spinose or acute; ventral spots 0-2; paler, antennae pale;

common southward, especially during July pyrrhocerus.

Juga above rather sparsely punctate along the middle of the disc; margin of

male genital segment, viewed from behind, broadly concave without defi-

nitely limited notch; antennae pale or aplcally black; length abut 12 or

13 mm.

Juga in side view acutely projecting more or less beyond the median pro-

file, as seen from above usually exceeding tylus; male genital segment
without black spot; width across elytra 7-8 mm.

t Turn apex of abdomen to the light to avoid shadows at the anterior angles.



191

Apical notch between juga shallow; conneiivum partly exposed beyond

elytral margin; antennae pale or reddish; margino-ventral dots elon-

gate, invading adjacent hind angles of preceding segment; legs feebly

dotted; lateral pronotal angles acute or subspinose , servus.

Apical notch deep; connexivum covered by elytra; antennae black api-

cally; margino-ventral dots not evidently invading hind angles of pre-

ceding segment; legs strongly dotted; lateral pronotal angles rounded

or subacute euschistoides.

Juga in side view hardly exceeding median profile, and as seen from above

not exceeding tylus; male genital segment with mediobasal rounded

black spot; antennae apically black; width across elytra 6 or 7 mm.;
lateral pronotal angles acute or subspinose variolarius. var.

No black dot in the anterior angles of the ventral segment; juga in side view

hardly exceeding medial profile, and as seen from above not exceeding

tylus; antennae apically black; width across elytra 6 or 7 mm.; lateral pro-

notal angles acute or subspinose.

No evident raised smooth interhumeral line; spiracular rings pale; male

genital segment with mediobasal rounded black spot; [no small black dots

on disc of venter of thorax] variolarius.

An evident smooth interhumeral line, usually raised; spiracular rings black;

male genital segment without spot; [4 small black dots on each side of disc

of thoracic venter] ictericus.

EUSCHISTUS SUBIMTUNCTATUSj n. Sp.

Female.—Yellowish testaceous, dorsum writh brown punctures. An-
tennae slightly reddish on apical half ; rostrum black on greater portion

of apical joint. Venter of thorax with the usual 5 black dots on each
side, 4 of which are on disc. Abdomen without black median ventral

spots ; extreme apices and bases of lateral margins of- ventral segments
glossy black ; dorsum dark brown, with a subquadrate pale spot in middle
of lateral margin 'of each segment. Membrane of wings unspotted. Legs
with minute brown spots at bases of the settilae.

Tylus as long as juga, slightly pointed in front, the juga narrowed
anteriorly, their lateral margins sinuate; second anfennal joint a little

shorter than third; dorsum of head almost impunctate, only a few scat-

tered ptmctures along margins and between ocelli ; ventral surface almost
impunctate. Pronotum with rather large but not dense ptmctures on
lateral margins and on median two-thirds of posterior margin, the

remainder imptmctate except for a few sparse punctures in middle near
anterior margin ; lateral margins slightly sinuate, with a few small pro-

tuberances on anterior half, not vertically rugose, posterior lateral angles

produced in the form of a short tooth which is not so acute as in p\rrho-
cerus; scutellum with a large grotip of punctures on middle of each
lateral margin ; venter of thorax spg^rsely ptmctate. Elytra very sparsely

punctate along inner margin, with rather close punctures on otiter portion

beyond vein, and with a few punctures at apex. Venter of abdomen with

very small punctures, basal genital plates sinuate on their apical margin,



192

the inner apical angle slightly produced, the general habitus as in
euschistoides.

Length, 11.5 mm.
Type, Anna, 111., July 22, 1883. One specimen.
This species differs from any other Euschistus known to me in hav-

ing the dorsum very sparsely punctate.
I found this specimen among some material that Mr. Hart had not

incorporated in the collection.

Euschistus politus Uhl.
Euschistus j)olitus Uhler, Can. Ent., Vol. 29, p. 117. 1897.

This species has been recorded by Uhler from Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and the District of Columbia. It has
been recorded by other workers from Ohio, New Jersey, and New
Hampshire.

In our collection 'there is a male from Dubois—xA.ugust 19 ; one
female from Muncie—July 6 ; another from northern Illinois ; and one
without locality which is labeled "Euschistus palUdus Uhler MS."

In addition to these, there is a much darker female specimen from
Minnesota, labeled by Mr. Hart "politus

f"

Euschistus tristigmus Say
Pentatoma tristiqma Say, Descrip. n. sp. Heter. Hemip. N. A., 1831; Compl.

Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 314.

Recorded from northern Canada to southern Mexico. Distributed
generally throughout Illinois but more common in the northern half of

the state. Our specimens bear various dates ranging from April 11 to

November 13, all the intervening months being represented. We have in

addition to Illinois examples, specimens from Wisconsin, District of

Columbia, New York, and Minnesota.
The editor is of the opinion that luridiis Dallas is distinct from

tristigmus Say. The regularly rounded humeri of the former are very
conspicuously different from the angular ones of tristigmus, and with the
naked eye it is possible to recognize the forms very readily. The apical

two antennal joints in luridus are usually conspicuously darker than the

others, but this character is not a dependable one.

The typical form of tristigmus is common in the southern half of
Illinois, while luridus is found in the northern portion, our localities

including Algonquin, Chicago, and Savanna.. We have specimens of luri-

dus from Buffalo, N. Y., Omaha, Neb., Duluth, Minn., and Lone Rock,
Wis.

Euschistus pyrrhocerus H.-S.
Cimex pyrrhocerus Herrich-Schaeffer, Wanz. Ins., Vol. 6, p. 71. 1842.

This form is considered as a variety of tristigmus, and appears to
replace it to a very large extent in the southern portion of the United
States. I consider pyrrhocerus a distinct species.



193

In Illinois we have found it common at Murphysboro, Cobden, Grand
Tower, Pulaski, East St. Louis. Dubois, Clay City, and Havana, all south
of the middle of the state. The most northern records we have for the

form are Urbana and Hillery. The only months represented by our col-

lections are June, July, and August.

EuscHiSTus SERvus Say
Pentatoma serva Say, Descrip. n. sp. Heter. Hemip. N. A., 1831; Compl.

Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 314.

This species is cited by Van Duzee for the southeastern states as far

north as New Jersey, and west to Texas, Kansas, and New Mexico.
In Illinois the species appears to be much more numerous in the

southern portion of the state, ranging from^Urbana southward, only two
examples in our collection bearing the label "N. 111." The dates on our
specimens range from May 13 to August 25, and include all intervening

months.
In addition to the Illinois material we have specimens from Ala-

bama, Tennessee, Florida, and Texas.

In our collection there is a large series of specimens standing as

impictiventris Stal, named by Mr. Hart. As the species is not in Mr.
Hart's key I made a search to discover if any light could be thrown upon
the omission by notes not contained in the manuscript. I find the fol-

lowing note in some manuscript not directly connected with the present

work:
"My impictiventris is perhaps intermediate between serz'us and the

true inpictiventris. These three forms, although usually distinguishable,

intergrade so much that they are probably only geographic subspecies.

"Pyrrhoccrus is usually considered a variety of tristigmus. The- dif-

ferences are similar to those in the group above mentioned, and although
more marked and more constant than any in that group, are probably
only of subspecific value."

As indicated above there is some doubt as to the specific distinctness

of the forms, a fact borne out by a perusal of Van Duzee's notes on
impictiventris*

The specimens standing as impictiventris in our collection are from
the same localities as those of scrvus, with the exception that the most
northern examples are from Muncie. The dates range from June 28 to

August 24. We also have specimens from Tennessee, Kansas, and
California.

EUSCHISTUS EUSCHISTOIDES Voll.

Diceraeus euschistoides Vollenhoven, Versl. Med. Kong. Akad. Wetens.

Amst., ser. 2, Vol. 2, p. 180. 1868.

Euschistus fissilis Uhler, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 14, p. 96. 1871.

This species is distributed throughout the North American continent

from Quebec to Vancouver Island, and from Florida to Texas.

' Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. 30, p. 45



]i)4

One of the commonest species in Illinois
;
generally distributed. Found

in the imago stage throughout the year.

EUSCHISTUS VARIOLARIUS P. B.

Pentatoma variolaria Palisot de Beauvois, Ins. rec. en Afr. et en Amer., p.

149. 1805.

This species is found almost everywhere in the United States and
Canada, being especially abundant in the Northern States. It is the com-
monest species of the genus in Illinois, and is found in the imago stage

throughout the year in all parts of the state.

The variety with black dots on lateral margins of abdomen included
in the key is represented in our collection by three males and two females.

Four of these are Illinois specimens, the locality labels reading, Ottawa.
Carbondale, Dubois, and "N. 111." One male is without label. The three

specimens bearing dates were taken in July. Mr. W. L. McAtee has
specimens of this variety from Riverhead, N. Y., West Cornwall and
Westport, Conn., and from Mendham, N. J.

EuscHiSTus iCTERicus Linn.

Cimex ictericus Linne, Cent. Ins. Rar., p. 16. 1763.

Found in the northern United States and Canada across the whole
of the continent.

Our Illinois specimens are from Channel Lake, Beach, Cedar Lake,
Algonquin. Lake Villa, La Prairie, and Urbana. The dates range from
June 19 to August l-t. We also have one specimen from Nantucket
Island, Mass.

19. Hymenarcys a. & S.

Key to Species

Sides of thorax straight or slightly concave; lateral angles subacute; veins of

membrane rarely anastomosing; spiracles distant from ventral margin about
1/2 length of segment ; length 6.5-8 mm aegualis.

Sides of thorax evenly arcuate, lateral angles broadly rounded; veins of mem-
brane freely anastomosing; spiracles distant from ventral margin about 3/4

length of segment; length 8.5-10 mm nervosa.

Hymenarcys aequalis Say
Pentatoma aequalis Say, Descrip. n. sp. Heter. Hemip. N. A., 1831; Compl.

Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 319.

This species tends to be somewhat southern in distribution, ranging
from New York to Colorado and Montana and southward. It is Cjuite

abundant in southern and central Illinois, but there are very few records

of it for the northern part of the state. Nymphs have been taken from
May to August. \\^e have taken the imagines in all the months from
February to December, most abundantly from July to November. An
imago was taken April 19 by E. O. G. Kelly under a corn husk.



195

Hymenarcys nervosa Say
Pentatoma nervosa Say, Descrip. n. sp. Heter. Hemip. N. A., 1S31; Compl.

Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 321.

The range of this species is about the same as that of the preceding
one, but it has been taken in Canada. Our collection contains specimens
from numerous localities in southern and central Illinois, but none from
northern Illinois. The nymphal dates are June 21 and 23 and July 17.

Imagines have been taken from March to December, the occurrences

being quite uniformly distributed through the period. Cotton is recorded

as a food plant.

20. CoENUsDall.

COENUS DELIUS Say
Pentatoma delia Say, Descrip. n. sp. Heter. Hemip. N. A., 1831; Compl.

Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 320. •

This conmion species is widely distributed from Quebec to Van-
couver, south to Florida and Texas, but is not numerous, and as Van
Duzee says, is "apparently precinctive." Our collection shows numerous
records for northern and central Illinois, but only one, Dubois, for south-

ern Illinois, indicating that it is at least rare in the Ozarkian faunal dis-

trict. Our nymphs were taken in June and July. The imagines were
taken in every month from February to November, most abundantly, not

in the summer months but in May and September. Olsen has kept

imagines alive by feeding them on moth mullein (Vcrbascum hlattaria).

Subfamily ACANTHOSOMINAE *

There are but two genera of this subfamily recorded from North
America. We have both genera represented in our collections.

The generic key which follows is based upon characters of the two
species before me, and may not be serviceable in separating the other
species.

Key to Geneha
Pronotum slightly but distinctly produced posteriorly on caudal margin laterad

of base of scutellum, not forming an angle from basal line to lateral angle
of pronotum; osteole short and broad, not extending more than midway to

margin of metathorax; basal genital plates of female much longer than broad,
almost oblong Meadorus lateralis.

Pronotum not produced caudad laterad of base of scutellum, forming a straight
line from base to lateral angle of pronotum; osteole long and narrow, extend-
ing over two-thirds of the distance to margin of metathorax; basal genital
plates of female as long as broad, subtriangular Elasinostethus cruciatus.

Meadorus lateralis Say
Edessa lateralis Say, Descrip. n. sp. Heter. Hemip. N. A., 1831; Compl.

Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 312.

This species has not been found so far as I am aware in Illinois, but
as we have specimens in our collections from Lake Superior and Minne-

[* Treatment by editor.]



196

sota it is probable that it will be found in the northern part of the state.

Our other specimens are from the following localities : Clark's Station
and Colton, Cal., and Vancouver, B. C, all but the last being unmentioned'
in Van Duzee's Catalogue.

Elasmostethus cruciatus Say
Edessa cruciata Say, Descrip. n. sp. Meter. Hemip. N. A., 1831; Compl.

Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 311.

We have one specimen of this species from northern Illinois in our
collections. Our other specimens are from the following localities

:

Spokane, Wash., Victoria, B. C, Texas, Yosemite Valley and Fresno
Flats, Cal., Las Vegas, N. Mex., and District of Columbia. With the
exception of New Mexico and British Columbia Van Duzee gives none of
these localities.

Subfamily ASOPINAE
The members of this subfamily have very stout beaks, and are preda-

ceous upon various insects, especially soft-bodied caterpillars and grubs,
and are sufficiently abundant to render valuable service in destroying
injurious larvae.

Key to Genera

Fore femora with small spine beneath, near outer third or fourth, the spine

often blunt at apex, minute but distinct in Andrallus; male with silky-

pubescent patch on venter each side of middle, except in Alcaeorrhynchus.

Pronotal lateral angles rounded; frena about 1/2 length of scutellum or less,

apical part of scutellum U-shaped; above black or dark brown, with pat-

tern of red to pale yellow markings.

Ventral spine reaching middle coxae.

Scutellum as a whole nearly U-shaped, frena about 1/4 its length, apical

part over twice as wide as elytra (Discocerini Schouteden) .1. Stiretrus.

Scutellum subtriangular, frena about 1/2 its length, apical part not wider

than elytra (Tex., Ariz.) Oplomus Spin.

Ventral spine not passing hind coxae 2. Perillus,

Pronotal lateral angles sharply and prominently spinose, a small spine behind

these; frena nearly 2/3 length of scutellum, apical part of scutellum small,

subacute; above brownish, mostly vaguely marked.

Second ventral at middle with a broad flattened tubercle, its apex rounded-

truncate; femoral spine evident; male without pubescent patches on

venter—Pla., Trop. Am. (Mutyca St§,l) Alcaeorrhyiichus Bergr.

Second ventral at middle with a low subconical prominence, femoral spine

minute; male with pair of pubescent patches on venter (Tex., Mex.) ....

3. Andrallus.

Fore femora without trace of spine beneath, near the outer third or fourth.

[Head nearly as long as pronotum, juga exceeding tylus; pronotum with 2

angular protuberances on posterior lateral angle; eyes not contiguous to

anterior margin of pronotum (Tex.) Heterosceloides Sch.]



i9r

[Head much shorter than pronotum, the latter with at most 1 protuberance

on lateral angle; eyes usually contiguous to anterior margin of pro-

notum.]

Second ventral in side view with distinct spine or tubercle projecting ante-

riorly towards or between hind coxae.

Fourth rostral about as long as third; above gray to brown, i. Apateticus*

Fourth rostral about twice as long as third; above black with red or

yellow pattern 5. Mineiis.

Second ventral in side view with not more than a slight obtuse angulation

at middle.

Juga not meeting in front of tylus; osteole with distinct curved pro-

longation; bucculae not overhanging behind.

Second rostral 1/2 longer than third; metallic dark blue above

6. Zicrona.

Second rostral more than twice as long as third; metallic blue to green

above, with red to brown markings (Pa., Tenn., and southward, Trop.

Am.) Euthyrhyyichus Dall.

Juga meeting in front of tylus; osteolar prolongation subobsolete; buc-

culae strongly elevated, in side view overhanging behind

7. Rhacognathus.

1. Stiretrus Lap.

Stiretrus anchorago, var. fimbriatus Say
Tetyra flmbriata Say, Am. Ent., Vol. 3, 1828; Compl. Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol.

1, p. 93.

The species occurs in the Southern States, ranging north as far as

Iowa and Massachusetts, and south to Panama. It is uncommon in IIH-

nois so far as our experience goes. There are several specimens from
northern Illinois in the Bolter Collection, and we have it from Algonquin
(N. 111.; Nason), Charleston ( C. 111.; C. C. Adams), and Thebes ( S. 111.;

C. A. Hart), July 3 and August 23. The variety z'iolacens is known from
Pennsylvania, and should be looked for in southern Illinois.

2. Perillus Stal

The species of this genus are black, varied with reddish, and marked
with red, carmine, or pale yellow, notably a pale or red U- or V-shaped
scutellar border. My material is not any too extensive, as the species

are not usually abundant ; but the pattern seems fairly constant, and I

have ventured to use it freely in the following key.

Key to Species

Pronotum with anterior transverse black bar not interrupted at middle; costal

border of corium pale; femoral spine a small tooth or tubercle, not longer

than thick; basal margin of scutellum black exaptus.

[* See Addenda for generic subdivisions.]



l98

Pronotum with a median pale vitta from anterior pale border, dividing ante-

rior black bar into two transverse marks; costal pattern variable; femoral
spine finger-like, longer than thick; basal margin of scutellum narrowly
pale.

Second antennal black, venter with submarginal row of black spots (female)

or a large central black patch containing the stridulatory areas (male)

;

a broad distinct arcuate pale band between the humeri.

Black, with red markings; elytra black, costal border red towards base. . .

.

l)ioculatus.

More or less rufous or brownish, with pale yellowish markings; cerium
with broad pale costal, apical, and inner border, except inner margin,
which is narrowly black Moctilatus, var. clauda.

Second antennal pale, venter with broad submarginal black stripe; pale band
between humeri absent, obscure, or irregular, costal border of corium pale,

often a pale streak near inner margin circumcinctus.

Perillus exaptus Say
Pentatoma exapta Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Vol. 4, p. 313. 1825.

Quebec to Vancouver, southward to New Jersey and New Mexico.
In our collections from northern Illinois and from Urbana, early in the

season.

Perillus bioculatus Fabr.

Cimex Hoculatus Fabricius, Ent. Syst., sec. ed., Vol. 4, p. 120. 1794.

This species is listed as ranging from California and Oregon to Iowa.
The typical form is in our collection from Algonquin (Nason). The
variety clanda has not been taken in Illinois, as far as I know. The two
forms appear to be quite constant and distinct, and are perhaps valid

species.

Perillus circumcinctus Stal

Perillus circumcinctus Stai, Stett. Ent. Zeit., Vol. 23, p. 89. 1862.

Eastern United States and Canada, as far west as Manitoba and Mis-
souri, and perh.ips Mexico. Fergus Falls, Minn., July 10 (Zetek). In

Illinois it seems to occur only in sandy areas. In the Illinois valley sand-

region we have found it common on the low sumac (Rhus canadensis

illinoensis) of the sands, associated with the larvae of Blcpharida rhois,

on which it was probably feeding. Our localities are northern Illinois

(several specimens) ; the lake beach at Chicago; and Manito, Forest City,

and Havana in the Illinois valley sands, the dates being April 28, June 6,

8, and 10.

3. Andrallus Bergr.

A fine example of A. spinidens was captured by me at Brownsville,

Tex., and the genus is therefore included in the key as a member of oiir

fauna. The single species inhabits Ethiopian Africa, Madagascar, Asia

Minor, India, Java, Borneo, Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tahiti,



199

and, says Schroeder, "has even been reported by Stal from Mexico ; but
this habitat seems not to have been confirmed. Ellenrieder gives rice as
the food plant.

4. Apateticus Dall.

Key to Species

Larger species, 14-20 mm. to tip of elytra; venter without median black spots;

membrane without dark streak; female genital segment with three basal
plates (Apoecilus).

Mediobasal genital lobe of female subquadrate; lower appendage of male
broad, flattened, bent, upper appendage dissimilar, palpus-like, small, nearly
straight, about half as long a^ lower; tuberculate plate not prolonged below
appendages; connexivum usually covered by elytra; above pale brownish;
lateral pronotal angles acute, 50°-60° cynicus.

Medioba.sal genital lobe of female subtriangular; lower appendage of male,

narrow, curved, upper appendage similar, about equally long; tuber-

culate plate prolonged in an obtuse horn below lower appendages; con-

nexivum more or less visible from above, especially in the female.

Lateral pronotal angles acute, about SO'-eO"; color as in ci/nicus; venter

very coarsely dotted at punctures, black spots at marginal incisures

y crocatus.

Lateral pronotal angles about 90°; tips of juga, pronotum posteriorly,

scutellum, and elytra blackish, the two latter mottled with red-brown;

head and pronotum anteriorly more yellow-brown; venter not very

coarsely dotted at punctures, spots at incisures extended inward along

sutures bracteatus.

Smaller species, S-13 mm.; female genital segment with two basal plates

(Podisus).

No dark subapical streak in membrane nor medioventral black spots; lateral

pronotal angles blunt, about 90° iiJacidus.

A membranal dark streak and one or more medioventral black spots.

Lateral pronotal angles acute or spinose, the angle formed by the sides

evidently less than 90°.

Hind femora immaculate; lateral pronotal angles acute or very narrowly

rounded, edge immediately in front of angle strongly arcuate; ventral

spine short; length usually less than 10 mm modestiis.

Hind femora with two subapical black spots; lateral pronotal angles pro-

longed, spinose or subspinose; edge in front of angle concave or nearly

straight; ventral spine longer; length usually over 10 mm
maciiliventris.

Lateral pronotal angles 90° or over; hind femora darker apically, or with

subapical dark annulus; ventral spine very short; a dark spot or bar on

disc of elytra and one on base of scutellum, besides others on pronotum;

size of preceding species serieventris.



200

Apateticus [Apoecilus] cynicus Say *

Pentatoma cynica Say, Descrip. n. sp. Heter. Hemip. N. A., 1831; Compl.

Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol. 1, p. 312.

Eastern United States and Canada, Tex. This species has been taken

by us most frequently in northern IlHnois near Chicago, and is quite often

washed up by the waves along the beach of Lake Michigan. The author

has taken it at electric street-lights in Urbana. Other localities are Gales-

burg and Dubois, the latter in southern Illinois. The dates range from
May 31 to August 24.

Apateticus [Apoecilus] crocatus Uhl.

Podisus crocatus Uhler, Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 384. 1897.

The specimens agreeing with bractcatus quite closely in male and
female genitalia but similar to cynicus in general color and pronotal lateral

angles I am calling crocatus, accepting Van Duzee's identification of

Uhler's species. This, Van Duzee suggests, may be the southern form of

bractcatus, but the marked difference in pronotal angles as well as in

color-pattern inclines me to accept it as a distinct species, especially since

the localities do not indicate a southern distribution. The range of the

species according to Van Duzee is in the Rocky Mountain region from
Manitoba to Arizona. Our specimens ar6 from Minnesota, Michigan,

New York, Nantucket Island, and northern Illinois, one being from
Chicago.

Apateticus [Apoecilus] bracteatus Fitch

Arma hracteata Fitch, Trans. N. Y. State Agr. See, Vol. 16, p. 336. 1856.

The six specimens in the Bolter Collection which I identify as this

species are all from Victoria, Vancouver Island. The color-pattern and
short pronotal angles make them easily separable from crocatus, although

the male and female genitalia of the two species are very similar.

Apateticus [Podisus] placidus Uhl.

Podisus lilacidus Uhler, Am. Ent. and Bot., Vol. 2, p. 203. 1870.

The distribution of this species—Canada, Mass., N. Y., Mich., Iowa,
Col. (V. D.), Minn. (Bol.)—indicates that it will probably be found in

Illinois also. May-September (Olsen).

Apateticus [Podisus] modestus Dall.

Arma modesta Dallas, List of Specimens of Hemip. Ins. in Coll. Brit. Mus.,

Pt. 1, p. 101. 1851.

Common in the northeastern United States and Canada, and listed

as far west as Vancouver, Montana, Colorado, and Mexico (V. D.). Our
specimens are from Vancouver and Minnesota with the exception of four

which are definitely labeled as from Illinois. One was found preying
upon a caterpillar at Centralia (S. 111.) August 7; another was taken at

Urbana September 20. June-September (Olsen).

[The bracketed names are inserted by the editor.]



201

Apateticus [Podisus] maculiventris Say
Pentaioma maculiventris Say, Descrip. n. sp. N. Am. Ins. found in La. by

Joseph Barabino. Mar. 1831. Reprint, Psyche, Vol. 8, 1999, p. 307.

Ranges across the United States and Canada, commoner east of the

Rockies. Found in all sections of Illinois from April 2 to November 22

;

nymphs, from May 28 to October 23 ; nymphs and imagines both most
numerous in June and July and the first half of August. It is the most
useful of our predaceous Hemiptera, and is frequently seen feeding on
the larvae of the Colorado potato-beetle. We have also found it feeding

on the 12-spotted cucumber-beetle (Diahrotica i2-punctata) and on the

larvae of Canarsia hammondi, Hyphantria textor, and Datana ministra.

The nymph, however, according to Olsen, is principally vegetarian, feed-

ing on apple, etc. He gives as the food plant, Onagra biennis.

A. inodcstus and scrieventris are quite close to maculiventris and
recognizable more by a combination of characters than by any one char-

acter. A. scrieventris has the shortest pronotal hind angles, and a vague
dark pattern formed by unevenly aggregated dark punctures on a whitish

or grayish ground-color. The legs and venter have the black markings
most strongly developed. A. inodcstus has the least black on legs and
venter ; the pronotal side angles are never spinose as in macnlivcntris, but

only acute, the two sides approaching at an angle of about 60° (2/3 of a

right angle) instead of at approximately a right angle as in serieventris.

The angles in maculiventris although usually spinose are often no darker
than in inodcstus. but the distinctive feature of the angle in inodcstus

seems to be that the anterior side of the angle is decidedly arcuate, while

in inaculiventris both sides are very nearly straight, or the anterior a little

concave. Modestus averages a little smaller than maculiventris, but

serieventris is about the same size.

Apateticus [Podisus] serieventris Uhl.
Podisus serieventris Uhler, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 14, p. 94. 1S71.

I have little doubt that this is the true serieventris as described by
Uhler. It is not at all common. Van Duzee reports it from Vancouver,
Montana, and New Hampshire. We have it from the Lake Superior
region, Vancouver, Wyoming, and Minnesota (Bol.) ; also from Michi-
gan, and two from northern Illinois—one from the Lake Michigan shore
near the Wisconsin line; Long Island; May-September. It feeds on
larvae of Callosainia proincthea, Clisiocainpa ainericana and disstria,

Hyphantria cunea, dead imagines of Liinenitis ursitla and Pyrophila
pyrainidoides, also Apateticus cynicus and Menecles insertus, and all

stages of Porthetria dispar (Olsen).

5. MiNEUS Stal

MiXEUS STRIGIPES H.-S.

.

Podisns strigipes Herrich-Schaeffer, Wanz. Ins., Vol. 9, p. 338. 1853.

New York to Georgia, Massachusetts, Ohio, Texas, New Mexico,
Colorado. Examples are in the Bolter Collection from Florida and north-



202

em Illinois ; and we have it from Havana and Carbondale in Illinois. July
31, October 5, and December 13.

The ground-color is black, marked with red or orange. The scutellar

mark is V-shaped ; the costal margin is narrowly pale ; the pronotum is

black, with red median line and front and side border connecting with
the scutellar mark.

6. ZlCRONA A. & S.

ZlCRONA CAERULEA Linn.

Cimex caeruleus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, Vol. 1, p. 445. 1758.

This beautiful metallic greenish, purplish, or bronzy black species

may occur in Illinois. Although a western form, ranging from Idaho to

New Mexico and California, it has been reported from Mt. Washington,
N. H., and we have it from Michigan (Nason), identified by Osborn as

the variety cuprea; but the color is purplish rather than bronzy.

7. Rhacognathus Fieb.

Rhacognathus americanus Stal

Rhacognathus americanus StS,l, Enum. Hemip., Pt. 1, p. 33. 1870.

A rare species, listed only from Winnipeg (Can.), Illinois, and Ohio.

The Bolter Collection contains five examples from northern Illinois.

Family CYDNIDAE
Key to Subfamilies

NYMPHS

Spiracles not Included in the lateral plate, the two setae obliquely or trans-

versely placed behind it, forming a triangle; mediodorsal plates of scent-

glands distinct Cydninae.

Spiracles and their setae included in the lateral plate, the three nearly a

straight line; mediodorsal plates of scent-glands with at least the first and

second confluent Thyreocorixae.

IMAGINES

Scutellum of moderate size, subtriangular, not reaching tip of abdomen, frena

long; corium exposed, broadly triangular; hind wing lobes about equal, sepa-

rated by shallow notches Cydxixae.

Scutellum very large, covering abdomen to apex, frena short; corium largely

membranous, the exposed opaque part narrow; hind wing lobes deeply incised,

the second large and very prominent Thyreocorinae.

Subfamily CYDNINAE
Key to Tribes

nymphs
Spiracular setae on segments 3-7 placed transversely * Sehirini.

* I have not seen a nymph of this tribe ; the character has merely been deduced
by analogy from a comparative study of adults which in other species have this struc-

ture the same as in the nymphs.



203

Spiracular setae transverse on segment 7, but the larger (inner) seta on the

6th and preceding segments progressively moved forward, carrying the false

suture before it, reaching the side of the spiracle on the 5th or 4th, and pass-

ing well in advance of it on the 3d Cydnini.

IMAGINES

Margin of head and lateral margin of pronotum above without bristles or spines;

hamus present; [rostrum not lying between 2 parallel ridges on venter of

prothorax] Sehirini.

Margin of head and lateral margin of pronotum above with spines or bristly

hairs; hamus absent; [rostrum lying between 2 parallel ridges on venter of

prothorax] Cydnini.

Tribe SEHIRINI
Key to Genera

IlIAGINES

Lateral margin of pronotum and elytra ivory-white; veins of hind wings con-

spicuously dark and thick, hamus present; rostrum not attaining the abdo-

men; osteolar prolongation broad, curved, reaching two-thirds ol the distance

from orifice to body margin 1. Sehirus.

Lateral margin of pronotum and body black; rostrum attaining middle of abdo-

men; head very large, subtriangular; osteolar scale placed far out on the

episternum, near its outer margin (Tex.) Lobolophus Bergr.

1. Seiiirus a. & S. (Canthophorus M. & R.)

Sehirus cinctus P. B.

Pentatoma cincta Palisot de Beauvois, Ins. rec. en Afr. et en Amer., p. 114.

1805.

Canada to Mexico (V. D.). In our collection from several localities

in northern Illinois, but in central Illinois only from the sandy region

abotit Havana, where, many years ago, I saw it very abundant on the

stems of the pale horsemint (Monarda punctata). We have also taken it

on sweet clover and Stachys. The dates are from April 8 to May 2, and.

from July 21 to August 22. The earlier period is no doubt that of hiber-

nated individuals, and the interval one of nymphal development.

Tribe CYDNINI
Key to Genbhia

.NYMPHS

Hind tibiae rather slender, not dilated apically; tergal plates alutaceous

Pangaeus.

Hind tibiae thick, tiroadly dilated in apical half; tergal plates smooth and

shining : Cyrtomenus.



•<!04

IMAO INKS

Osteole with auricle or overhanging ledge, not extending to near body margin in

a long narrow canal; apical part of media in hind wings joined to radio-

medial stem, as usual.

No deep groove on head above, just within the reflected margin.

Hind tibiae slender, nearly straight, uniformly spined.

Pronotum not margined in front 1. Geotomu.i.

Pronotum with impressed submarginal line in front, costal margin rarely

with 3 or 4 setigerous punctures 2. Pangaeus.

Hind tibiae strongly flattened and curved; lower side bristly, upper side

beset with short stout spinules 3. Cyrtomenus.

A distinct groove on head above, just within the recurved margin, beset with

bristles and short spinules.

Pronotum distinctly margined in front.

Scutellum about as long as broad, tip acuminate (Cal.) .Maa-gporus Vhler.

Scutellum longer than broad, tip narrowly rounded (Col., Tex.)

Homoloporus Uhler.

Pronotum not distinctly margined in front 4. Aethtis.

Osteolar canal long, narrow, and distinct, reaching three-fourths of the way
from orifice to body margin; head margin with row of short thick comb-teeth;

[metasternum carried caudad in the form of a thin plate which is broadened

laterally, covering 2 or 3 of the abdominal segments;] scutellar apex mucro-

nate, apical part of media in hind wings not connected with radiomedial stem

(Amnestini) 5. Amnestus.

1. Geotomus M. & R. (Melanaethus Uhl.)

Geotomus pennsylvanicus Sign.

Geotom,us pennsylvanicus Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., Ser. 6. Vol. 3, p. 207.

1883.

Melanaethus picinus Uhler, Bui. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., Vol. 3,

No. 2, p. 391. 1877. Preoccupied.

One specimen, Urbana, Oct. 21. Pa. (V. D.).

2. Pangaeus Stal

Pangaeus bilineatus Say
Cydnus MUneaUis Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. 4, p. 315. 1825.

Eastern and Southern States to Texas and Utah, also Iowa and Ore-
gon (V. D.), and Missouri and Arizona (BoL). In our collections from
numerous localities in central and southern Illinois, but from northern
Illinois I find only a single example so labeled—in the Bolter Collection.

The dates range from March 8 to June 30, and from August 18 to Octo-
ber 30.

[A group of nymphs found by Mr. Hart under a piece of board in a
sandy hollow near Havana, 111., August 19, have the head structure of
Aethus imagines, but notwithstanding these structural details they are
undoubtedly Ihe nymphs of Pangaeus bilineatus. The above nymphs are



205

listed bv Mr. Hart as "Cvdniis sp." in his discussion of the sand insects

of the Havana region.* I obtained one nvniph at Urbana. September 10,

]9i;.]

3. Cyrtomenus A. & S.

Cyrtomenus mirabilis Perty

Cydnus mirabilis Perty, Del. Anlm. Artie, p. 166. 1834.

S. C, Ga., Tex., N. M., S. Am. (V. D.). One example taken at street

light, Cairo, 111., Augtist 1. Adults and numerous nymphs were sent me
by Prof. E. L. Worsham from Georgia as injurious to the chufa, or edible

sedge-root (Cyperus esculentus L.).

•i. Aethus Dall.

Aethus obliquus Uhl.

Microporus ohliguus Uhler, Prel. Rep. [1871] U. S. Geol. Surv. Montana,

etc., p. 394. 1872.

Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Texas (V. D.). Nebraska (Zimnier),

Iowa (Stoner), New Jersey, Long Island (Davis), Rocky Mountains to

Atlantic Coast ( Vestal ).t Two specimens in our collection from sandy

areas near Havana, one from Texas, two from northern Illinois, and 8

from Oregon, III, June 21, 1917, taken under a board in a sand "blowout"

by J. R. Malloch and the writer. All of Stoner's specimens found in the

sand about the roots of a bunch-grass, Sporoboliis cryptaiidnis.

5. Amnestus Dall.

The genital structures are extraordinarily unlike the usual heteropter-

ous type! The sex which bears the large spine on fore or hind femora

has been called the female; but, judging from analogy and from careful

study of the genitalia, I consider it the male. [Unquestionably it is.] In

this sex the anterior part of the pronotum is distinctly tumid and shining

and very obsoletely punctulate, while the same area in the female is

scarcely elevated above the posterior part, and its surface is distinctly

punctulate. At least the two smaller species are occasionally taken at

lights in considerable numbers. [The peculiar platelike extension of the

metasternum, included as a character in the key, I have seen in no allied

genus nor in Pentatomidae.]

Key to Speciks

Fore femora of male beneath with large sub-basal bifid spine; hind femora with

small subapical spine; in female both unarmed; jugal spines 5 (sometimes

6 in spinifrons)

.

,
'

Pronotum piceous black, elytra concolorous or paler; spine of male hind

femora well developed ; length about 3 mm., breadth, 2 mm spinifrons.

Pronotum and elytra light ferruginous brown; spine of male hind femora

very small; length about 2 mm., breadth 1% mm jiallidus.

* Bui. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist.. Vol. 7, p. 239.

t Bui. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10, p. 30.



206

Fore femora of male unarmed, hind femora with immense spine nearly half as

long as tibia; female fore femora unarmed, hind femora with small but

usually evident spine; jugal spines 4; color paler and size slightly less than

in paUidus iiusiUuti.

Amnestus spinifrons Say
Cydnus spinifrotis Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. 4, p. 316. 1825.

United States, west to Colorado and Texas (V. D.), Long Island

(Olsen). Taken by us in central and northern Illipois from March to

June 28, and also in November.

Amnestus pallidus Zimmer
Annectus [lapsus] pallidus Zimmer, Can. Ent., Vol. 42, p. 166. 1910.

Described from Kansas as Annectus ( !) pallidus. In our collections

from Algonquin ( N. 111.); Havana, Bloomington, Normal, Champaign
and Urbana (C. 111.) ; Centralia and Anna (S. III). Dates from April IS

to June 19, and October 3 and 5 and December 4. Apparently the same
species was taken in large ntmibers at a lamp in Fort Brown, Brownsville,

Tex., in June.

Amnestus pusillus Uhl.
Amnestus pusillus Uhler, Bui. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., Vol. 1,

No. 5, sec. ser., p. 278.

Common in the eastern United States, west to Kansas and Iowa, and
also listed from Lower California and Trinidad (V. D.). The northern-

most records are New Hampshire, New York, Indiana, and Iowa. It

does not appear in our collections from northern Illinois, but has been
taken at lights, and otherwise, in the central and southern parts of the

state. It seems to occur later in summer than the other two species, the

dates running from May 3 to August 20 ; also December 4.

The comb teeth of the head margin are paler and longer than those

of pallidus, and the pronotal transverse impression is deeper than in that

species. [A male taken at Urbana, x^ugust 20, 1914, has the spine on hind

femur about as long as the femoral diameter.]

Subfamily THYREOCORINAE *

The negro-bugs are plentiful and sometimes cause serious injury to

vegetation. Their oval to circular form, very large scutellum, black color,

and beetle-like appearance make them readily identifiable in the field. The
species are nvimerous and require considerable care in the'ir separation.

Listed under the name Thyreocoris in Van Duzee's Catalogue are

several well-marked groups which I consider are entitled to distinct

generic rank. I have before me the European species scarabaeoidcs Linne,

the genotype of Thyreocoris. There is no described ^American species

that agrees with it in certain characters which appear to me as of generic

importance in this family. I have drawn up a synopsis of the differentiat-

[* The following treatment of this subfamily is entit-ely by the editor.]



•i07

ing characters of the groups now listed as Thyreocoris and present it in

the hope that it may cause some student of the family to investigate

further into the status of these segregates.

Key to Genera

NYMPHS

Lateral margins of pronotum and bases of wing pads witli a fringe of long

hairs; hind tibia with 5 series of stout spines; spiracles not in straight series

( PI. XIX, Fig. 42 ) CiHlnoides.

Lateral margins of pronotum and bases of wing pads without a fringe of long

hairs.

Spiracles * of all except the penultimate ventral segment in a straight row, the

anterior one on every segment far removed from lateral margin (Fig. 40) .

.

UaUmiiha.

Spiracles on all segments in an angulated series, the anterior one very close

to or in lateral margin on the third, fourth, and fifth visible segments (Fig.

41) Corimelaena.

IMA11I.\E.S

Juga contiguous in front, obliterating tylus at apex; chitinized part of wing

broad from base to apex, the apex broadly rounded, costa with a deep longi-

tudinal groove from base to apex; femora without spines; hind tibia with a

few short spines on antero-ventral, antero-dorsal, postero-dorsal, and postero-

ventral surfaces, the spines much shorter than diameter of tibia; basal plate

of female genital segmeits with a longitudinal central carina

1. Thyreocoris. sens. str.

Juga separated to apices; chitinized portion of wings narrowed very much from

base to apices, or if not so the lateral margins of pronotum and of chitin-

ized portions of wings are fringed with long hairs, the costa is rounded,

without a longitudinal groove, or the hind tibia has 5 series of long spines.

Lateral margins of pronotum and of chitinized portions of wings with long

hairs; apices of chitinized portions of wings obtuse; hind tibia with long

spines on antero-ventral, anterior, antero-dorsal, postero-dorsal, and postero-

ventral surfaces; at least fore and hind femora without spines. 2. Ci/dnoides.

Lateral margins of pronotum and of chitinized portions of wings without long

hairs.

Femora with stout spines; hind tibia with long spines on five surfaces as

in Cydnokles, the posterior surface with a linear ridge from base to apex

on posterior surface; apices of chitinized portions of wings acute; the

costa with a longitudinal groove 3. Oalgupha.

Ferhora with a few slender bristly hairs; hind tibia with very short widely

placed spines on four surfaces, none on anterior surface, the posterior

surface without a longitudinal ridge; costa without a longitudinal groove

4. Corimelaena.

* The term "Spiracles" in this connection includes the true spiracle and the two
sensory setigreious punctures, the "anterior spiracular puncture" referred to under
Corimelaena being the true spiracle.



208

1. Thyreocoris Schr.

I have before me several specimens of the genotype of Th_vreocoris,
which, as shown in synopsis in this paper, differs from all the other
groups now listed under the same generic name.

2. Cydnoides, gen. n.

Differs from all other genera in the group in having the lateral

margins of pronotum and of the greater portion of chitinized parts of
wings fringed with long hairs ; the femora of at least the fore and hind
legs have bristly hairs on their antero-ventral surface but, no stout spines

;

the chitinized portion of wings is broad to apex, the tip obtuse.

Genotype, Coriiuelacna ciliata Uhler.

Besides the genotype there are in our collections two other species,

rcnormata Uhler and sayi V. T>.; obtitsa Uhler belongs to this genus, but
I have not seen it.

Key to Species

Entirely black species with bronzy tinge, the surface of scutelluni subopaque;
mid femur with a few very short antero-ventral spines ciliatus.

At least a portion of the chitinized part of wings yellowish white; mid femur
with a few moderately long bristly hairs on antero-ventral surface.

Head distinctly flattened on anterior half of dorsum; pronotum black; only

the base of chitinized portion of wings white renormatus.

Head convex on dorsum; pronotum black with a brassy or greenish tinge, the

lateral and posterior margins yellowish white; all of chitinized portions of

wings white ( Tex. ) sayi.

Cydnoides ciliatus (Uhl.)

Conmelaena ciliata Uhler, Proc. Ent. Sbc. Phil., Vol. 2, p. 156. 1863.

Colorado, Kansas, Florida (V. D.). There is in Illinois a character-

istic and very common species of the sand areas, taken at Bishop, Topeka,
Havana, Meredosia, and Arenzville June 7 to October 29. In August it

was often common on the stems of various plants, but its most curious

habit was that of burrowing in the loose drifting sand about the roots of

tufts of grass. Where there was no sign of individuals above ground, a

single turn of the finger in the sand around a grass plant would frequently

bring two or three to the surface. Nymphs were taken at Havana Sep-

tember 20, 1911.

Its finely wrinkled and punctate surface, make it very easily recog-

nizable.

CYDNOfDES RENORMATUS (Uhl;)

Corimelaena renormata Uhler, Hemip. Col., Bui. 31. Col. Agr. Exper. Sta.,

p. 11. 1895.

Colorado (V. D.). One male example from northern Illinois (S. H.
Peabody).



209

Cydnoides say I (Van Duzee)
Thjireocoris alhipennis Say, Descrip. n. sp. Heter. Hemip. N. A., 1S31;

Compl. Writ. Ent. N. A., Vol. 1. p. 311.

Corimelaena sayi Van Duzee (n. n. for albipennis. preoc), Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc, Vol. 30, p. 10. 1904.

Van Duzee notes* Gillette's rediscovery of Say's T. albipennis in

Colorado, proposing the name sayi in place of albipennis, the latter being

preoccupied in the genus. I take this opportunity to extend its hitherto

known range by recording the collection of three fine female specimens of

savi at Fort Brown, Brownsville, Tex., November S!) and December !),

1910, by Mr. Hart.

3. Galgupha a. & S.

I have placed in this genus all entirely black species of Thyreocorinae
which have the following characters : all the femora with short stout

spines on the antero-ventral surface ; the hind tibia with 5 series of spines

and with a longitudinal carina from base to apex ; and the spiracles on all

abdominal segments except,the last in a nearly straight row.

Key to Species

NYMPHS

Glossy black species; head almost entirely impunctate; abdomen glossy black

except a narrow submarginal stripe on each side of dorsum and venter

denudata.

Yellowish testaceous species, the dorsum of abdomen sometimes brown on the

chitinized areas, if so the pale stripes are very broad; legs glossy black; head

distinctly punctured on dorsum nitiduloides.

IMAGINES

Fore femur with 2 short stout spines on apical third of antero-ventral surface;

fore tibia with 6 or 7 strong spines and 1 weak setula on antero-dorsal surface

(PI. XIX, Fig 50) ; chitinized portion of wing obtusely pointed at apex (Fig.

45); dorsum of head, pronotum, and scutellum shagreened, not highly

polished, the punctures contiguous or subcontiguous on margins; hypopygial

plate as in Figure 51; spiracular punctures not in straight series nigra.

Fore femur with at least 3 short spines; dorsum more or less distinctly pol-

ished; spiracular punctures in straight series; chitinized portion of wing

acutely pointed at apex.

Scutellum acute at apex (Fig. 62); dorsum of head, pronotum, and scutellum

very minutely and sparsely punctured except on margins; hypopygial plate

of male as in nigra, but impunctate or almost so; fore femur and fore tibia

as in atra denudata.

Scutellum rounded at apex (Pig. 63).

Hypopygial plate not over 3 times as broad as long (Fig. 49); fore femur

with 3 antero-ventral spines, their length not strikingly dissimilar; fore

tibia with 5 or 6 strong spines and 1 or 2 weak setulae on antero-dorsal

surface (Fig 48) ; chitinized portion of wing as in Figure 57 atra.

' Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. 30, p. 10.



210

Hypopygial plate much more than three times as wide as long; fore tibia

with bristles on entire length of antero-dorsal surface, no weak setulae

at apex.

Fore femur, with the median antero-ventral spine strikingly longer than

the other two; fore tibia with 5 or 6 long stout spines and apicad of

these 2 short ones on antero-dorsal surface (Fig. 46); hypopygial plate

of male not strikingly concave on upper margin (Fig. 47); venation of

chitinized portion of wing as in Figure 44; scutellum when viewed in

profile not abruptly declivitous beyond middle (Fig. 55) ) . .nitiduloides.

Fore femur with the first and second spines equal or subequal in size;

fore tibia with 6 or 7 strong spines on antero-dorsal surface (Fig. 52)

;

venation of chitinized portion of wing as in Figure 43; hypopygial plate

very conspicuously concave on upper margin (Fig. 53) ; scutellum when
viewed in profile rather abruptly declivitous beyond middle (Pig. 54) . .

.

aterrima.

Galgupha nigra Dall.

Corimelaena nigra Dallas, List of Specimens of Hemip. Ins. in Coll. Brit.

Mus., Ft. 1, p. 57. 1851.

Canada and Colorado (V. D.). Brownsville, Tex. (Hart). Found
throughout Illinois, but not common. Chicago, Savanna ( N. 111.) ; Urbana,

Galesburg (C. 111.); Grand Tower, Metropolis, (S. 111.). The dates are

notably late in the season—July 9 to October IT.

The species has nearly the form of atra, but is smaller, and is more
opaque than either that species or nitiduloides. It is easily recognized by
characters given in key, and by its almost subopaque color.

Galgupha denudata Uhler

Corimelaena denudata Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., Vol. 2, p. 157. 1863.

This species was originally described from a male obtained in Loui-

siana. I have before me a male imago and a nymph from Monterey,

Mexico. July o, 1908.

Galgupha atka A. & S.

G(il(/upha atra Amyot and Serville, Hemip., p. 68. 1843.

Canada. U. S. to Kan. (V. D.) ; Me. (Parshley). In our collection

from all sections of Illinois, and from Ky., Mo., Tex., and Col. Dates,

April 8 to November 3 ; most numerous in June and July.

This species is much more obsoletely punctured than nitiduloides,

and more polished.

Galgupha nitiduloides Wolff
Cimex nitiduloides Wolff, Icones Cimicum, Fasc. 3, p. 98. 1802.

More characteristic of the western fauna, but found occasionally
throughout the East (V..D.), Me. (Parshley), Mex., Guatemala (Dis-
tant). Found throttghout Illinois, but especially common at Dubois in

southern Illinois. Taken from March 10 to December 10, being com-



211

nionest in June and Tuly. Nymphs were common at Dubois in August.
1917.

Galgupha aterkima, sp. n.

Male and Female.—Similar in color to nifidiiloides.

Structurally similar to nitiduloides, differing as stated in key, and
also in having the tylus more distinctly headed at apex above, and the

upper margin of the hypopygial plate of male decidedly reflexed.

Length, 4.25-5 mm.
Type, Odin, 111., May 12, 1902. Paratypes: Havana, 111., August 15,

1907 ; Dongola, May 10, 1917 ; Normal, June 1-i, 1882 ; and one male with-

out data. Allotypes: White Heath, lune 18, 1906; Grand Tower, June
27, 190(3; Urhana, June 30, 1888; Cobden. April 12, 1883; one labeled

Southern 111. ; one labeled N. 111. ; and two without data. All the foregoing

specimefis with data are from Illinois. I have also before me a male and
female from Beltsville, Md., April 30, 1916, and Jime 15, 1913 (\V. L.

McAtee).
This is very probably the species referred to by Van Duzee as nitid-

uloides var. in his Annotated List of the Pentatomidae, page 5.*

4. Corimelaena White

In addition to the characters listed in the key for the separation of

Corimelaena from its allies, the chitinized portions of the wings present

venational characters that are valuable. The costal region lacks the linear

depressions that are so evident in the species of the other gener? and only

two distinct sutures are present, as indicated in Figure 5(;, Plate XIX.
The scutellum differs from that' of allied genera in having an impressed
line on basal half near to lateral margins, and the pronotum is distinctly

impressed near posterior lateral angle, causing its margin here to be

nearly vertical.
Key to Species

Chitinized portion of wing entirely black, punctate to lateral margin; basal geni-

tal plate of female about twice as wide as its greatest length; median trans-

verse depression of pronotum very taint; fore tibia with 5 postero-dorsal

spines in addition to the apical one anthrnrinn.

Chitinized portlori of wing partly yellow or white, or species not as above.

Hind tibia with 3 or 4 postero-dorsal spines, the basal one very small, close to

base; if all spines are very small or absent the chitinized portion of

wing is rounded at apex, and the pale color extends mesad of cubitus.

Large species, averaging 4 mm. in length; pale border of wing not broadened

near base, or if so the apex of elytra is acute.

Pale border of wing not broadened near base; dorsum of pronotum with

sparse large punctures and numerous very small Interspersed punc-

tures on disc.

Basal genital plates of female much wider than long (PI. XIX, Fig 65)

;

penultimate segment before genital plates without a lateral carina. .

.

2)oKta. sp. n.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 30, No. 1. 1904.



212

Basal genital plates of female as broad as long (Fig. 64); penultimate
segment before genital plates with a sharp lateral carina; male hypo-

pygial plate as in Figure 59 lateralis.

Pale border of wing broadened near base, the pale margin very noticeably

punctate; hypopygial plate as in Figure 61; dorsum of pronotum with
large closely placed punctures on entire disc (Neb., Col., Ut., Wyo., Cal.,

Wash., Ariz. ) montana.

Smaller species, rarely over 3 mm. in length; pale border of wing always
broadened near base, apex of chitinized portion rounded.

Anterior margin of pronotum as distinctly punctured as posterior portion

of head; hypopygial plate of male (Fig. 60) narrow, slightly emargi-

nate above, with an overhanging lip or flange on each lateral third, the

central third of disc usually highly glossy and impunctate, seen from
above the areas on each side of caudal opening are each as broad as

the opening; female genital plates broader than long; anterior spirac-

ular puncture just clear of margin on all segments of abdomen; scutel-

lum usually a little pointed at apex pulicaria.

Anterior margin of pronotum with the punctures very much smaller and
weaker than those on posterior portion of head—subobsolete.

Pronotum highly polished, the punctures almost obsolete; hypopygial

plate of male similar to that of harti, but the central elevation of

upper margin is less developed and the disc is closely punctured

throughout; the whitish yellow mark on wing is broadly interrupted

in center; tibiae almost black, the spinules on postero-dorsal surface

of hind pair strong interrupta.

Pronotum not highly polished, microscopically shagreened, the punc-

tures distinct but small, shallow, and closely placed on anterior

third; hypopygial plate of male broadly emarginate above, with

less evident lateral flange than in pulicaria; pale mark on wing com-

plete, broader than in pulicaria; tibiae yellowish testaceous, the spin-

ules on hind pair minute minutissima.

Hind tibia without postero-dorsal spinules, rarely with minute setulae present;

chitinized portion of wing acute at apex.

Scutellum about as broad as long, without indication of a central impunc-

tate longitudinal line; yellow margin of wing not extending mesad of

cubital vein; anterior abdominal spiracular puncture mesad of lateral

carina.

Smaller species, averaging 2.5 mm. in length; hypopygial plate of male
entirely black.

Head almost angularly emarginate in front of eyes, more pronouncedly

so in male (PI. XX, Fig. 68); male hypopygial plate with broad cen-

tral emargination ; female genital plates broader than long. . .nanella.

Head not almost angularly emarginate in front of eyes, slightly con-

cave (Pig. 67); male hypopygial plate doubly emarginate (PI. XIX,
Pig. 58); female genital plates subtriangular (Pig. 66) .harti.

Larger species, averaging from 3 to 4 mm. in length; hypopygial plate in

male yellowi.sh along upper margin, the outline broadly concave, with



213

a less pronounced central projection than in harti; female genital plates

as in harti; hind tibia frequently with 1 or 2 weak postero-dorsal

setulae agrella.

Scutellum distinctly longer than broad, with a more or less distinct Impunc-

tate longitudinal central line; yellow margin of wing extending mesad
of cubitus; female genital plates similar to those of harti but more
broadly punctate; male hypopygial plate similar to that of pulicaria but

regularly punctate on entire surface and not so much reflexed laterally:

anterior abdominal spiracular puncture in lateral carina except in basal

series (Col., Utah, Dak., Ariz., Ore., Mexico) extensa.

CORIMELAENA ANTHRACINA Uhler

Corimelaena anthracina Uhler, Bui. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., Vol.

1, No. 5, sec. ser., p. 270. 1876.

Despite the black color of this species it belongs to Corimelaena and
is separable from its allies as indicated in key. It has not been taken in

Illinois as far as our records show, but we have a specimen labeled "L.

Sup." (Lake Superior), and it is possible that it occurs in the northern

part of the state.

Corimelaena polita, sp. li.

Female.—Similar in color to lateralis, the two segments anterior to

genital plates with pale yellow border.

Structurally similar to lateralis, differing as follows : the head is more
narrowed anteriorly, the sides in front of eyes are more noticeably sin-

uated, the tylus is slightly longer than the juga, its surface convex ante-

riorly, glossy and almost impunctate ; dorsum of pronotimi with large

punctures on lateral margins, in transverse depression, and on disc behind

the latter, otherwise with small subobsolete punctures. Scutelhim more
sparsely punctate than in lateralis. Genital plates as in Figure Go. Plate

XIX. For other details see key.

Length, 4 mm.
Type, Brownsville, Tex., July 10, 1908. ^
I have no males of this species before me.

Corimelaena lateralis Fabr.

Tetyra lateralis Fabricius, Syst. Rhyng., p. 142. 1803.

Widely distributed btit usually not abundant ; not as common as puli-

caria. N. J., Md., D. C. Ohio, 'Okl. Tex. (V. D.); Brownsville. Tex.

(Hart) ; Chicago. Algonquin, Kock Island (N. III.) ; Arenzville. Homer,
and Muncie (C. 111.) ; Grand Tower. Carbondale, Makanda, and Pulaski

(S. III). April 2i to September 11.

The chitinized portions .of wings have an even, narrow ivory-white

border. In seven of the specimens this border is widely interrupted at

middle and nearly obsolete anteriorly, only the posterior -fourth remaining

evident.



214

CORIMELAENA PULICARIA Germ.
Odontoscelis pulicarius Germar, Zeit. f. Ent., Vol. 1, p. 39. 1839.

Very common and widely distributed (V. D.). Taken in numerous
localities in all parts of Illinois, March 4 to October 6 ; common from
April to August; nymphs in June, July, and August. Our commonest
species.

Dr. S. A. Forbes says of this species* : "The favorite food plants of

the species seem to be New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americaniis), Spanish
needles, and a small dooryard weed, Veronica peregrina. It is probable

that the insect breeds principally on these plants. Wheat, blue-grass,

strawberry, and celery have been injured by them, and they often occur

on cultivated berries, to which they give a disagreeable taste. The species

is single-brooded, and is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains.

The adults hibernate and appear in early spring, laying eggs in May and
June. The young which hatch from these eggs rarely fail to reach ma-
turity by the early part of July, after which the adult insect is common
until fall."

CORIMELAENA INTERRUPTA, Sp. n.

Male.—Black, highly polished. Wing with a broad pale yellow

margin which is widest near base, and broadly interrupted in middle by a

blackish brown mark. Antennae yellowish brown. Legs glossy black,

knees paler, tarsi yellowish.

Head much broader than long, dorsum with large, deep, subcontigu-

ous punctures except on two small areas on middle of posterior margin;

tylus broad apically, not reflexed ; lateral margin of head in front of eyes

slightly and regularly emarginate. Pronotum with a few faint striations

and numerous very indistinct shallow punctures on disc, the large deep

punctures confined to a patch on middle of each side, which does not

extend to margin, and a few in the transverse depression. Scutellum

highly glossy, the punctures large and rather closely placed laterally on
basal half, very sparse and smaller on disc, the whole surface with a sub-

obsolete secondary microscopic punctuation. Venter with large punctures

laterally, almost impunctate on disc ;
penultimate segment without sharp

lateral carina.

Length, 3 mm.
Type and paratype, Brownsville, Tex., November 23, 1911. Swept

from pastures in South Texas Garden (C. A. Hart).

CORIMELAENA MINUTISSIMA, Sp. n.

Male.—Dififers in color from the preceding species in having the

antennae paler, the pronotum subopaque, the tibiae as pale as the tarsi,

and the pale border of wing complete.

Head less glossy than in preceding species, the margin in front of

eye slightly sinuate. Pronotum microscopically shagreened, with closely

placed shallow punctures on anterior third, the large punctures as in

preceding species, but extending to lateral margin, and the transverse

* Twenty-third Rep. State Ent. 111., p. 116. 1905.



215

depression slightly striated in the punctate portion. Scutellum as in inter-

rnpta. Venter with a narrower impunctate discal area. Hind tibiae with

very weak spinules.

Length, 2.5 mm.
Type, Sarita, Tex., December 1, 1911. Taken on sand hills (C. A.

Hart)'.

CORIMELAENA NANELLA McAtCe, Sp. n.

This species is most easily separable from pulicaria by the small

extent of pale color on the corium. Only the outer edge laterad of the

cubital vein is so colored, while in pulicaria the triangular area between
the cubitus, brachium, and claval suture, also is pale. I have seen no
real intergradation between these types of coloration. Nanella averages

smaller in size, ranging from 2 to 2.5 mm. The color is more metallic,

being bronzy black, and the body is distinctly thicker than in pulicaria.

This species is not a small form of the new species described below,

because it has the broad brachial field characteristic of lateralis and
pulicaria.

Type, a male, Virginia, near Plummers Island, Md., June 17, 1913,

(W. L. McAfee). In writer's collection. Paratypes, two males: Belts-

ville, Md., June 15, 1913 (W. L. McAtee) ; and Chesapeake Beach, Md.,

June 18, 1914 (L. O. Jackson). Allotype, Forest Glen, Md., June 13,

1915 (W. L. McAtee).
To the above description, which is by Mr. McAtee, I add the details

of structure in key.

CORIMELAENA HARTI, Sp. n.

Male and Female.—Glossy black, apex of tylus, chitinized portion of

wing laterad of the outer venational suture, lateral margin of abdominal

segment beyond the exposed portion of wing in both sexes, and margin
of apical segment of female yellow. Antennae yellowish testaceous. Legs

black, tibiae castaneous, tarsi yellowish.

Male.—Head much broader than long, with large subcontiguous dor-

sal punctures, slightly sinuate in front of eye, subtruncate at apex, the

tylus with a small round dorsal wart at apex. Pronotum with large and
interspersed minute pimctures on almost the entire dorsum, the transverse

middle depression nearly absent, posterior margin slightly declivitous, so

that there is a decided depression between pronotum and base of scutel-

lum, the latter about as long as broad, the apex obtusely rounded, in type

with a slight central emargination which may be abnormal, in profile with

a slight angle at base of posterior half, the declivitous portion nearly

straight, punctures large and deep, especially so laterally, the disc with

smaller punctures. Apex of chitinized portion of wing acute, venational

suture as in lateralis. Hypopygial plate densely punctate, its upper margin
doubly emarginate (PL XIX, Fig. 58). Hind tibia without postero-dorsal

spinules.

Female.—Similar to the male, but the apex of scutellum is regularly

rounded. The basal genital plates are broad, with punctures on the upper

half (PI. XIX. Fig. 66).



216

Length, 3.5 mm.
Type and allotype, Makanda, 111., June 26, 1909. Paratypes, two

females, Plummers Island, Md., June 10, 1906 (W. L. McAtee), and June
30, 1907 (A. K. Fisher), and one female, Virginia, near Plummers Island,

July 20, 1913 (W. D. Appel).

CORIMELAENA AGRELLA McAtee, Sp. n.

Body as broad across posterior part of abdomen as at hvmieri, very
broadly rounded behind ; thicker throughout than in C. lateralis. Trans-
verse depression across middle of pronotum more conspicuous than in

that species, pronotum more tumid, bulging downward more strongly

before humeral angle
;
posterior margin of pronotum rather straight.

Costa slightly incurved opposite point where claval suture disappears

beneath scutellum, insect therefore appearing somewhat constricted at

this level. Triangular area between cubitus, brachium, and claval suture

much narrower than in C. lateralis and with fewer punctures. Color more
greenish with brassy reflections.

Length, 3 to 4 mm.
To put the contrasts with C. lateralis in another way it may be said

that that species is broadest at humeri, more narrowly rounded behind,
not appearing constricted, and by no means as thick. The depression
across pronotum and the humeral tumidity are less conspicuous. Brachial
field broader and with more numerous punctures. Length, 3.5 to 4 mm.

Type, a male from Plummers Island, Md., May .18, 1913, W. L.
McAtee (in writer's collection). Allotype, same locality, June 17, 1913,
W. L. McAtee.

Other specimens examined: from Plummers Island, Md., April 26,

1908, May 4, 9, 1913, May 17, 1907, May 24, 1914, June 7, 1914, June 8,

17, 1913, August 19, 1906; from Maryland near Plummers Island, May
9, 18, 1913, May 10, 1916, May 23, 1915, May 24, 1914; from Great Falls,

Va.,-May 19, 1915, W. L. McAtee.
To the above description, which is by Mr. Mcx^tee, I add the struc-

tural and color details in the key, and record a male from Kentucky in our
collection.

Addenda *

addendum 1

Thyanta Stal

The species of this genus are remarkably alike in structure and with
few exceptions very similar in color. The key presented herein is based
upon specimens in our collection and includes all species of the genus
described from North America except pallidovirens Stal, which may be a
variety of citstator Say. The localities cited in the key are those of the

specimens in our collection.

[* In order to leave Mr. Hart's text as nearly as possible in its original form the
editor has written the following addenda, hoping that the mattei- presented ma.v prove
useful to students of this family.]



517

Key to Species

Humeral angles produced in the form of acute spines—Figure 79, Plate XXI
(N. M.) i>erditor FnhTicixis.

Humeri rounded or angulated, not produced in the form of acute spines.. .2

Species at least 8 mm. in length; hypopygial orifice usually small, claspers

with lateral, or median, process very small, sometimes a mere angle

fcustator) 3

Species much smaller, rarely 7 mm. in length; hypopygial orifice large,

claspers with lateral, or median, process elongate, the clasper appearing

furcate 5

Ocelli exceptionally large, the distance between their lateral margin and
inner margin of eye not greater than width of ocellus; male hypopygium
with a large rounded protuberance just below upper margin of opening,

without conspicuous concave area on each side at apex, claspers as iu

Figure 74, Plate XX; hairs on tibiae in both sexes moderately long, not

noticeably irregular as in custatoi' ( Tex.) casta Say.

Ocelli small, the distance between their lateral margin and inner margin of

eye distinctly greater than width of an ocellus; male hypopygium flat-

tened for a considerable distance below upper margin of opening, with a

conspicuous concave area on each side at apex, clasper as in Figure 73,

Plate XX 4

Lateral margins of pronotum glossy black, vertically rugose; male hypo-

pygium with a slight but distinct elevation in center of the upper margin

(Fig. 70) calceata Say

Lateral margins of pronotum rarely black, not vertically rugose; male hypo-

pygium with upper margin in center transverse or almost so (Fig. 75) . .

.

.custator Fabricius.

Osteolar canal not longer than the distance from its apex to lateral margin

of mesosternum (Utah) rugulosa Say.

Osteolar canal much longer than the distance from its apex to lateral margin

of mesonotum 6

Head much longer than its greatest width (Fig. 71); dorsum green, with

conspicuous yellowish white longitudinal stripes on head, scutellum, and

elytra; pronotum with a broad conspicuous median ti'ansverse depression

e"e/7ons. sp. n.

Head as broad as long, or the dorsum is without yellowish white stripes

and the pronotum has no well-defined median transverse depression 7

Venter of abdomen in both sexes with a transverse row of black dots near

the posterior margin of each segment; lateral margins of pronotum sub-

carinate only on posterior half or less; lower margin of hypopygial open-

ing of male with a deep central V-shaped notch (Fig. 72); head with

sides straight for a considerable distance; mesosternum wit'a a large

black patch on each side of central ridge (Tex.) punctiventris V. D.

Species without the above combination of characters; if the mesosternum

has the black patches as above the pronotum is carinate on its lateral

margins from posterior to near anterior margin and the head is not

straight on sides; male hypopygium without notch 8



218

8. Mesosternum with a large black patch on each side of central ridge; head
as in Figure 69, Plate XX; pronotum sharply carinate on lateral margins
from posterior to near anterior margin (Tex., Cal.) brevis V. D.

9. Mesosternum without a black patch on each side of central ridge; head with
sides straight for a considerable distance; pronotum with lateral margins
sharply carinate only on posterior half or less (Tex.) . . .antiguensis yfeat.

Thyanta elegans, sp. n.

Male and Female.—Pale green, marked with yellowish white. Head
with a broad white stripe on each side of dorsum, the two covering the

juga almost to apex, and a white stripe below each eye on venter. Pro-
notum with a narrow white line on each lateral margin, and a reddish

transverse band between humeri in male, the transverse band conspicu-

ously white in center in female
;
prosternum, mesosternum, and meta-

sternum each with a white spot or stripe on each side ; scutellum broadly

white on each lateral margin and in center, the scutellar stripes margined
internally with red ; elytra with a rather broad white costal streak. Con-
nexivum uniform green ; venter whitish green, the punctures darker.

Legs green; tarsal claws blackened on apical half.

Head convex above, very distinctly longer than broad; dorsal vein

as in Figure 71 ; second antenna! joint longer than third. Humeral margin
angulated but not very sharp

;
pronotum with a very conspicuous broad

transverse depression in center, the dorsum coarsely punctate except on

the transverse pale line in female. Scutellum rather narrowly rounded at

apex, coarsely punctate except on margins at base and apex. Elytra

coarsely punctate, not appreciably rounded olif basad at apex on outer side.

Genital plates of female as in Figure 76 ; hypopVgium of male as in Figure

77. Hairs on tibia long, many of them longer than diameter of tibia.

Length : male, 6 mm. ; female, 7 mm.
Tvpe, male, Loma, Texas, July 7, 1908. Allotype, Lake Lomalta,

Tex., November 27, 1910.

This species is distinguished from every other in the genus by its

striking green and white markings and much elongated head. The head
of T. hrevis, which is much broader, is shown in Figure 69.

ADDENDUM 2

Key to Apateticns and Allies

1. Tibia without a dorsal canal or groove; pronotum with large sharp spines

on posterior lateral angle and a small thorn on posterior margin on each

side of base of scutellum; osteole short, not curved; scutellum with a

tumid area on each side at base (Tex.) Tylospilus Stai.

— Tibia with a dorsal canal or groove bounded on each side by a slight but

distinct ridge ; scutellum punctate at base 2

2. Pronotum with an acute spine on posterior margin at each side of base of

scutellum AtMteticus Dall.

— Pronotum without such spine 3



219

3. Female with basal genital plates widely separated at base and sometimes
for the entire length of their inner margins; male hypopygium with two

long slender chitinized processes on each side in orifice. . . .Apoecilus StS.1.

— Female with basal genital plates contiguous the entire length of their inner

margins; male hypopygium with a broad subtriangular or furcate chitin-

ized plate on each side in orifice Podisus StS,l.

The above groups are as easily distinguished as are most genera in

Pentatomidae and ought to rank as genera.

June, 1919.



INDEX

Acantholoma, 169, 171.

denticulata, 171.

Acrosternum, 176, 178, 181.

hilare, 181.

peniisylvanicum, 181.

Aelia, 179.

Aethus, 204, 205.

obliquus. 205.

Alcaeorrhynchus, 196.

Amaurochrous, 171.

cinctipes, 171, 172.

dubius, 172.

parvulus, 171.

Amnestus, 204, 205.

pallidus, 205, 206.

pusillus, 206.

spinifrons, 205, 206.

Andrallus, 196, 198.

spinidens, 198.

Annectus [lapsus] pallidus, 206

Apateticus, 197, 199, 218.

bracteatus, 199, 200.

crocatus, 199, 200.

cynicus, 199, 200.

maculiventris, 199, 201.

modestus, 199, 200.

placidus, 199, 200.

serieventris, 199, 201.

Apoecilus, 219.

bracteatus, 200.

crocatus, 200.

cynicus, 200.

Arma iracteata, 200

modesta, 200.

Arvelius, 178.

Atomosira sordida, 182.

Aulacostethus simulans, 171.

Banasa, 178, 181.

calva, 182.

dimidiata, 182.

euchlora, 182.

sordida, 182.

Brepholoxa, 178.

Brochymena, 172.

arborea, 172, 173.

cariosa, 173.

quadripustulata, 172, 173.

Camiurus, 169.

Canthopliortis. 203.

Carpocoris, 180.

Chelysoma, 169.

Chlorochroa, 176, 179, 183.

persimilis, 183.

uhleri, 183.

Chlorocoris, 178.

Cimex hioculatus, 198.

caeruleus. 202.

carnifes, 188.

custator, 185.

ictericus, 194.

lugens, 188.

nitiduloides. 210.

pennsylvanicum, 181.

pugnax, 188.

pyrrhocerus, 192.

quadripustulata, 173.

Coenus, 178, 180, 195.

delius, 195.

Corimelaena, 207, 211.

agrella, 213, 216.

anthracina, 211, 213.

ciliata, 208.

denudata, 210.



221

Corimelaena

—

Continned.

extensa, 213.

harti, 212, 215.

interrupta, 212, 214.

lateralis, 212, 213.

minutisslma, 212, 214.

montana, 212.

nanella, 212, 215.

nigra. 210.

polita, 211,213.

pulicaria, 212, 214.

renormaia. 208.

sayi. 209.

Cosmopepla, 176, 179, 188.

bimaculata, 188.

lintneriana, 188.

Cydnoides, 207, 208.

ciliatus, 208.

renormatus, 208.

sayi, 208, 209.

Cyclnus bilineatus, 204.

mimbilis. 205.

spinifrons, 206.

Cyrtomenus, 203, 204, 205.

mirabilis, 205.

Dendrocoris, 176, 178, 183.

humeralis, 183.

Diceraeus euschistoides, 193.

Diolcus, 168.

Dryptocephala, 175.

Edessa, 175.

cruciata. 196.

lateralis. 195.

Elasmostethus cruciatus, 195, 196.

Eiiptychodera, 168.

Eurygaster, 167, 168.

alternatus, 168.

E'uschistus, 177, 180, 189.

euschistoides, 191, 193.

ftssilis. 193.

ictericus, 191, 194.

luridus, 192.

politus, 190, 192.

Euschistus

—

Con tinu ed.

pyrrhocerus, 190, 192.

sei-vus, 191, 193.

subimpunctatus, 190. 191.

tristigmus, 190, 192.

variolarius, 191, 194.

variolarius, var., 191, 194.

Euthyrhynchus, 197.

Eysarcoris, ISO.

Fokkeria. IGi.

Galgupha, 207, 209.

aterrima, 210, 211.

atra, 209, 210.

denudata, 209, 210.

nigra, 209, 210.

nitiduloldes, 209. 210.

Geotomus, 204.

pennsylvanicus, 204.

Halys jninctulata, 189.

Heterosceloides, 196.

Homaemus, 168, 169.

aenitrons, 169, 170.

bijugis, 170.

parvulus. 169, 170.

proteus. 169.

Homoloporus, 204.

Hymenarcys, 178. 180, 194.

aequalis, 194.

nervosa. 194. 195.

Liodermion, 179.

Liotropis humeralis. 183.

Lobolophus, 203.

Loxa. 178. 181.

sp., 181.

Macroporus, 204.

Meadorus lateralis. 195.

Mecidea longula, 175.

Melanaethus. 204.

picinus. 204.



223

Menecles, 177, ISO, 1S9.

insertus. 1S9.

Micropenis ohliquus, 205.

Mineus, 197, 201.

strigipes, 201.

Mormidea. 177, 179, 188.

lugens, 188.

Murgantla, 177, 179, 187.

histrionica, 187.

Neottiglossa, 176, 179, 186.

cavifrons, 186, 187.

sulcifrons, 186, 187.

undata, 186, 187.

Nezara, 1T6, 178.

Oclontoscelis pulicnrius, 214.

Oncozygia, 171.

Oplomus, 196.

Pachycoris, 169.

parvHlus, 170.

Padaeus, 180.

Pangaeus, 203, 204.

bilineatus, 204.

Pentatoma, 179.

aeqiialis, 194.

arlorea. 173.

himaculata. 188.

calceata. 184.

calva. 182.

cincta. 203.

cynica. 200.

delia. 195.

dimidiata, 182.

exapta, 198.

hilaris, 181.

inserta, 189.

macullventris. 201.

nervosa. 195.

picea. 185.

semivittata. 186.

serva. 193.

tristigma, 192.

undata, 187.

variolaria, 194.

Peribalus, 177, 179, 18i

piceus, 185.

limbolarius, 185.

Perillus, 196, 197.

bioculatus, 198.

var. clauda, 198.

circumcinctus, 198.

exaptus. 197.

Phimodera,.168.

binotata, 168.

Piezodorus, 178.

Platycarenus, 175.

Podisus, 219.

crocatus, 200.

maculiventris, 201.

modestus, 200.

placidus, 200.

placidiis. 200.

serieventris, 201.

serieventris. 201.

strigipes. 201.

Podops. 171.

parvuliis. 172.

Prionosoma, 180, 189.

podopioides, 189.

Proxys, 179, 189.

punctulatus, 189.

Rhacognathus, 187, 202.

americanus, 202.

Rhytldolomia, 179, 184.

belfragii, 184.

Sciocoris, 175.

microphthalmus, 175.

Scutellera aenifrons. 170

binotata. 168.

duMa. 172.

Sehirus, 203.

cinctus, 203.

Solubea, 177, 179, 188.

pugnax, 1S8.

Sphyrocoris, 168.

Stethaulax, 168, 170.

marmoratus, 170.



223

Stiretrus, 196, 197.

anchorago, var. flrubriatus, 197

Strachia histrionica. 187.

Symphylus, 168, 171.

Tetyra, 169.

alternata. 168.

cinctipes. 172.

, fimliriata, 197.

grammica. 170.

lateralis. 213.

marmorata. 170.

Thyanta, 176, 179,184,216.

antiguensls, 218.

brevis, 218.

calceata, 184, 217.

casta, 217.

custator, 1S4, 185,217.

elegans, 217, 218.

Thyanta

—

Continued.

perditor, 217.

punotiventris, 217.

rugulosa, 217.

Thyreocoris, 207, 208.

albippunis. 209.

Trichopepla, 177, 179, 186.

atricornis, 186.

semivittata, 186.

Tylospilus, 21S.

Vanduzeeina. 168.

Vulsirea, 178.

Zicrona, 197, 202.

caerulea. 202.



Plate XVI
Wings of Pentatomoidea

Fig. 1. Meneclcs insertus. fore wing.
Fig. 2. Tessaratoma chinensis, the same.
Fig. 3. Anasa tristis, the same.
Fig. 4. Apateticus m,acHliventris, hind wing.
Fig. 5. Homaemus proteus. the same.
Fig. 6. Sehirus cinctus, the same.
Fig. 7. Tessaratoma chinensis. the same.
Fig. S. Pangaeus HUneatus. the same.
Fig. 9. Euschistus variolarius. the same.
Fig. 10. Anasa tristis, the same.
Fig. 11. Corimelaena pulicaria, the same.

(Figures 1 to 11 drawn by the editor from
sketches by tlie author; figures 12 to 77 original
drawing.? by the editor.)



Plate XVI



Plate XVII
Details of Scutellerinae

Fig. 12. Homaemiis aenifrons. outline of ventral plate of
prothorax, one side: e, eye; c, coxa.

Fig. 13. Homaemus parvulus. the same.
Fig. 14. Homaemus Mjugis, the same.
Pig. 15. Homaemus j)roteus. the same.
Pig. 16. Stethaulax marmoratus, outline of head, dorsal view.

Pig. 17. Symphylus sp.?, the same.
Fig. 18. Sphyrocoris obliguiis. outline of ventral plate of

prothorax, one side.

Pig. 19. Stethaulax marmoratus, the same.
Pig. 20. Symphylus sp.?, the same.
Fig. 21. Stethaulax marmoratus, osteole.

Fig. 22. Symphylus sp.?, the same.
Pig. 23. Symphylus sp.?, apex of abdomen, ventral view
Pig. 24. Stethaulax marmoratus, the same.



Plate XVII



PlJVTE XVIII
' Details of Pentatominae

Fig. 25. Banasa dimidiata. male hypopygium, one side, viewed from above and to
one side.

Fig. 26. Banasa calva. the same.
Fig. 27. Banasa imbuta, the same.
Fig. 28. Dendrocoris humeraUs. male hypopygium, caudal view.
Fig. 29. Chlorochroa sayi. left hypopygial clasper of male.
Fig. 30. Chlorochroa uhleri. the same.
Fig. 31. Rhytodolomia belfragii, the same.
Fig. 32. Peribalus piceus. outline of upper margin of hypopygial plate of male.

one side.

Fig. 33. Peribalus limbolarius, the same.
Fig. 34. Euschistus politus, the same, and plate of upper side of hypopygial

aperture from above.
Fig. 35. Euschistus tristigmus, the same.
Fig. 36, Euschistus crenator, outline of upper margin of hypopygial plate.

Fig. 37. Euschistus impictiventris, outline of upper margin of hypopygial plate

of male, one side, and plate of upper side of hypopygial aperture from
above.

Fig. 38. Euschistus comptus. outline of upper margin of hypopygial plate.

Fig. 39. Euschistus conspersus. outline of upper margin of hypopygial plate of

male, one side, and plate of upper side of hypopygial aperture from
above.



Plate XVIII

32

33

3^



p



Plate XIX

^v_^

<!<? ""^^^^i^jiv



Plate XX
Details of Thyreocorinae and Pentatomfnae

Fig. 67. Corimelaena harti, head of male, dorsal view.
Fig. 68. C. nanella, same as above.
Fig. 69. Thyanta brevis, same as above.
Fig. 70. T. calceata, hypopygium of male, caudal view.
Fig. 71. T. elegans, head of male, dorsal view.
Fig. 72. T. punctiventris, hypopygium of male, caudal view.
Fig. 73. T. custator, hypopygial clasper of male.
Fig. 74. T. casta, same as above.
Fig. 75. T. custator, hypopygium of male, caudal view.
Fig. 76. T. elegans, genital segment of female, ventral view.
Fig. 77. T. elegans, hypopygium of male, caudal view.



Plate XX



Plate XXI
Typical Pentatomoidea

Fig. 78. Soliiliea jmgnax.
Fig. 79. Thyanta perditor.

Fig. 80. Chlorochroa uMeri.
Fig. 81. Poclisus niaculiventris.

Fig. 82. Euschistus variolarius.

Fig. 83. Corimelaena jmlicaria.



Plate XXI