B ULL ETIN 

OF THE 

I LLINOIS STATE L ABORAT ORY 

OF 

NATURAL HISTORY 


URBANA, ILLINOIS, U. S. A. 

STEPHEN A. FORBES, PH.D., I..I..D., 

DIRECTOR 


VOL. XI. FEBRUARY, 1916 ARTICLE V. 

PHYI.I.OPHAGA HARRIS (I.ACHNOSTERNA HOPE): A REVISION OF 

THE SYNONYMY, AND ONE NEW NAME, 


BY 


ROBERT D. GLASGOW, PH.D. 




ERRATA AND ADDENDA.

Page 50, second column, line 13 from bottom, for Danais arcMppus read Anosia
plexippns ; line S from bottom, for melliflca read mellifera.

Page 51, line 11 from bottom, for Danais read Anosia.

Page 159, at right of diagram, for Bracon agrilli read Bracon agrili.

Page 289, second column, last line but one, for Scalops real Scalopus.

Page 294, line 3, for c.atesheana read catesiiana.

Pages 327 and 330, line 12, for oreus read oreas.

Page 347, line 4, for Cecidomyidae road Cecidomyiidae.

Page 356, line 7, for Anthomyidse read Anthomyiidae.

Page 368, line 18, dele second word.

Page 373, after line 10 insert as follows: 53a, suipruinosa Casey, 1884, p. 38.

Page 375, after suXimucula Le Conte, 48, insert subpruinosa Casey, 53a.

Page 377, after line 7, insert as follows:

—

1884. Casey, Thomas L.

Contributions to the Descriptive and Systematic Coleopterology of
North America. Part I.

Page 379, line 11 from bottom, for sen.iu lata read sensu lato.

Page 382, line 12, for VII read VIII.

Page 408, line 2, for the next article in read Article VIII of.

Page 410, line 6 from bottom, for = 4 read '11.

Page 412, line 7, for 31 read 30.

Page 421, line 17 from bottom, insert it before grows.



Article V.

—

Phyllophaga Harris (Lachiiosterna Hope) : A Re-
zision of flic Synonymy, and one Nezv Name. By Robert D. Glas-
gow. Ph.D.

In few genera of equal economic importance has greater confusion

existed, either in collections or in the published work on the group,

than in the assemblage of species known to American and English

entomologists as Lachnosterna Hope, and to European entomologists

as Ancylonycha Dejean.

ijome years ago the writer turned to this group hoping to make it

the basis for a study of some of the problems relating to the origin

or source, the diversification, and the dispersal of animal forms in

North America. The group offers material that is unsurpassed for

such a study. It has a wide distribution, and comprises a great num-
ber of species which are relatively sedentary, of large size, and usually

abundant wherever they occur. Moreover, it includes a large and

compact series of species which are peculiar to the region selected

for study.

It appeared very early, however, that sufficient data were not yet

available to warrant such a treatment of the group. Exhaustive col-

lections had been made in too few localities, particularly in too few
localities that have a critical significance for the group, and the deter-

minations in the published lists, based usually upon external characters

alone, were too frequently inaccurate to make even the existing rec-

ords available for the proposed studies.

The work of Dr. George H. Horn (1887) on Pliyllupliaga is more
complete and more nearly monographic in nature than that of any
other author; yet Dr. Horn says of the group: " It is not surprising

that attention has not been given to the species as the literature at

present available does not give great assistance, and in my own case

there was almost equal difficulty in arriving at a correct determination

of the species 7vith the types for comparison along with the literature."

And again, Dr. Horn says : "Lachnosterna is certainl}' one of the

most difficult genera in our fauna ".*

'ltaliL"> liy present aiitlior.



366

Shortly after the publication of Horn's "Revision," which was
based upon external characters alone, a notable contribution to our

knowledge of Phyllophaga was made by John B. Smith (1889), who
demonstrated the great taxonomic value of the genital characters in

the group, and published a series of figures showing these characters

for the various species. Smith's figures have been immensely useful

to entomologists who have used these characters, but unfortunately,

they were designed to supplement Horn's work rather than for in-

dependent use, and were published without any accompanying synoptic

tables. For this reason they are available only indirectly, through the

inde.x, for verifying determinations based upon external characters

made first from Horn's tables, and they have not been used as gen-

erally as they should have been.

Smith's work was based upon that of Horn, and made no advance

in nomenclatural accuracy such as the use of the genital characters

had made possible, for, as Smith states in his introduction, he had

no opportunity to verify by reference to the types Horn's determina-

tions of the species described by earlier authors. The insufficiency of

the external characters when used alone, makes it no reflection upon

the thoroughness of Horn's work to say that these determinations

were not always correct, and, indeed. Dr. Horn's statements quoted

above show that he freely admitted such a possibility himself.

Since our present unsatisfactory knowledge of Phyllophaga is due

primarily to the lack of means for the ready and accurate determina-

tion of the species, the writer determined, as the first step toward the

accomplishment of his original purpose, to make a thorough systematic

study of the group, and to prepare tables and figures such that collect-

ors anywhere may make accurate determinations of their species with

ease and certainty. In this way it is hoped so to encourage the study

of the group that local lists may multiply rapidly and accurate data

increase, until the group.may serve, possibly in a few years, as a

basis for the biological generalizations to which it promises to lend

itself so effectively.

Because of the more urgent need for such a treatment of the

"May beetles" of that region, and because it was desired to stimulate

collecting there as early as possible, the species of the United States

and Canada were taken up first ; but it is hoped to extend the work

as rapidly as circumstances may permit, to include the entire range

of the group.

This preliminary paper is designed to indicate the progress of the

work, and to present at once the changes in synonymy that a thorough

study of the types has shown to be necessary.



367

All of the types of North American species known still to be in

existence have been located, and as far as possible all determinations

have been verified by studies of the genital characters in the actual

t}pe specimens. The writer has personally dissected and remounted
all of the type specimens of this group in American museums, and has

carefully studied and sketched the genital characters in these types.

The Burmeister types, which belong to the museum of the University

at Halle, were sent by Dr. Otto Taschenberg to the University of

Illinois, to be remounted and studied by the writer ; while the re-

maining types in foreign museums were remounted by members of

the respective museum stafifs, and carefully prepared drawings of the

genital structures sent to the University of Illinois for use in the

present studies.

Of the types not yet known to the writer, either directly or through
drawings of the genital characters prepared for these studies, those

of the earlier authors apparently have been lost, while those of the

more recent authors are in private collections that have not yet

been conveniently accessible. The species of the latter group, however,

are all well known to the writer, while, fortunately, those of the first

group usually are so strongly marked in one way or another as to

leave little doubt that they have been correctly identified.

It is needless to say that the results reported here would have been

impossible but for the uniform courtesy, the hearty encouragement,

and the ready assistance that have been experienced from the begin-

ning of these studies. Permission to dissect priceless type specimens

has everywhere been freely granted, and numerous collectors have

generously cooperated in the work. Full acknowledgments will be

made in a later paper, but it would be out of place to present even

these preliminary results without naming the men who primarily have
made this work possible.

Preeminent among these, the writer deems it an honor, as it is a

pleasure, to acknowledge his profound indebtedness to Dr. S. A.

Forbes. Dr. Forbes generously placed at his disposal all of the col-

lections of "May beetles" (over 100,000 specimens) and all of the

data relating to the group which belong to the Office of the Illinois

State Entomologist and to the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural

History ; through a special commission for the State Entomologist's

Office, Dr. Forbes made it possible for the writer to visit all of the

American museums where types of Phyllophaga are deposited, and
he lent his influence to aid in securing the privilege of making dis-

sections of these type specimens ; and, finally, while in Europe, after



368

the meeting at London of the Second International Entomological

Congress, Dr. Forbes visited the museums at London, Paris, and
Berlin, where he personally made arrangements to have all of the

types of North American Phyllophaga at these institutions dissected,

and drawings of the genital structures prepared for these studies

—

an arrangement that was later extended by correspondence to include

all of these types known to be in foreign museums. Indeed, the re-

sults accomplished thus far have been possible only through the con-

tinued interest and encouragement and material assistance with which

Dr. Forbes has followed each step of the work; and any credit that

may be due for these results belongs to Dr. Forbes quite as much as to

the writer.

Special acknowledgments are due to Dr. Otto Taschenberg, of the

University at Halle, who, as stated before, generously sent the Bur-

meister types all the way to America, in order that they might be

examined directly for these studies.

For directing the dissection of type specimens under their charge

and^5«j'the preparation of drawings of the genital structures for these

studies, the writer is deeply indebted to Mr. Charles J. Gahan, of the

British Museum of Natural History, to M. Pierre Lesne, of the

Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, to Dr. Richard Heymons, of

Berlin University, to Dr. Karl Brandt, of the University at Kiel, and

to Dr. B. Y. Sjoestedt, of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum at Stock-

holm.

The Graduate School of the University of Illinois has made liberal

grants of money for the purchase of collections and to defray the

cost of the drawings made from the types in foreign museums.

The late Dr. John B. Smith generously placed his private collection

of "May beetles" unreservedly at the writer's disposal, with instruc-

tions to use the material it contained in any way that might advance

the work.

For the privilege of dissecting type specimens, for the loan of

valuable material, and for innumerable courtesies, the writer is deeplv

indebted also, to Dr. L. O. Howard ; to Mr. J. C. Crawford. Mr. E. A.

Schwarz, and Mr. H. S. Barber, of the L^nited States National Mu-
seum ; to Dr. Henry Skinner and Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., of the Mu-
seum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; to Mr.

Charles Schaeffer, of the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts

and Sciences ; and to Mr. Samuel Henshaw, of the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology at Harvard LTniversity.

Special acknowledgments are due to Mr. E. A. Schwarz, Mr.



369

H. S. Barber, and Mr. Samuel Henshaw for assistance in locating

obscure references and references in rare and relatively inaccessible

publications, and to Mr. A. N. Caudell, for assistance in solving many
of the difficult nomenclatural problems encountered in the course of

the work.

And, finally, the writer wishes to acknowledge his particular in-

debtedness to Mr. E. A. Schwarz, for many invaluable suggestions

and data relating to Phyllophaga, drawn from a wealth of entomolog-

ical knowledge and experience that is probably unsurpassed.

The name Phyllophaga was proposed by Thaddeus W. Harris in

1826, in the following words: "The genus Melolontha as constituted

by Fabricius contains a vast number of species, differing greatly in

external appearance, and somewhat in modes of life. Fabricius de-

scribes 149 species, and Schoenherr, after separating those which con-

stitute the modern genera Anisonyx, Glaphyrus, Amphicoma, Rutela,

and Hoplia, enumerates 226 species of Melolontha, to which additions

are constantly making from the discovery of new species. Hence the

genus requires further subdivision. The bases of these subgenera

have been pointed out by Latreille, Knoch, and Schoenherr, and some
have already been established. I would restrict the name of Melolontha

to those species which have more than three lamellje to the club of the

antennae, like the vulgaris of Europe, and of which we have an in-

digenous example in the M. dcciinlineata of Say (M. occidentalis

Herbst ?). Our coniuion species quercina, hirsttta, hirticida, balia,

and some others tiiight receive the generic name Phyllophaga.* M.
vespertina, sericea, and iricolor would form another subgenus which
might be called Stilbolemma, unless they are included in Serica Mac-
Leay, or Omaloplia of Megerle ; the characters of their genera I have
not seen. M. pilosicollis, longitarsa, and moesta of Knoch and Say
should each constitute a subgenus. The latter (with M. sordida and
frondicola Say?) belongs to Kirby's genus Apogonia. From the

singtdar manner in which the nails are divided at tip, I would call

the linearis of Schoenherr Dichelonyx." (Massachusetts Agricultural

Journal and Repository, Vol. X (1826), p. 6, note.)

Of the other two names referred to at the beginning of this article,

Ancylonycha Dejean was first used in 1833 (Catalogue des Coleop-
teres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean), while Lachnostcrna
Hope was not coined until 1837 (Hope, The Coleopterist's Manual,
containing the Lamellicorn Beetles of Linnaeus and Fabricius).

Le Conte was familiar with all three of these names, but he re-

jected both Phyllophaga Harris and Ancylonycha Dejean, and adopted

*Italies liy pie.spiit author.



370

Lachnostcrna Hope, because neither of the earher names was sup-

ported by a technical description that would indicate the limits of the

genus.

The name Phyllophaga is adopted by the writer on the ground

that its validity was fully established by its publication in connection

with a series of valid specific names—a position that is fully endorsed

by Messrs. Caudell and Banks, and by many other entomologists to

whom the question has been submitted—and in the absence of a desig-

nated genotype, the species hirticula Knoch is here proposed as the

type of the genus.

The name Phyllopliaga has been proposed several times for genera

in widely diverse groups of animals, but the earliest use of this name
known to the writer, aside from its use by Harris as cited above, is

that of Robineau-Desvoidy, who, in 1830, proposed this name for a

genus of Diptera.

The status of the various names that have been proposed for new
genera to be formed at the expense of Phyllophaga, but which were

all suppressed by Horn, will be reserved for discussion in a later

paper, since any consideration of these names would involve inter-

pretations of relationship that would be out of place here.

In several instances in the following list, names indicated as syno-

nyms represent geographic races or varieties ; but it has seemed best

not to attempt to indicate the status of such names until they may be

discussed more fully than would be possible here.

In this list two exclamation points before a name indicate that the

writer has personally studied the genital characters in the type speci-

men, while a single exclamation point before a name indicates that,

although the writer has not seen the type specimen himself, the type

has been dissected, and drawings of the genital characters prepared

for these studies.

Synonymy of the Phyllophaga of the;

United States and Canada*

1. \ fcri'ida Fabricius, 1781, p. 36.

! qitercina Knoch, iBoi, p. 74.

Wai-cuata Smith, 1888, p. 183.

2. ! tristis Fabricius, 1781, p. 39.

pilosicollis Knoch, 1801, p. 85.

3. cremdata Froelich, 1792, p. 94.

georgicana Gyllenhal, 18 17, p. //.

*The arvangement is chronological.



371

4- fiisca Froelich, 1792, p. 99.

\ fervens Gyllenhal, 1817, p. 74.

5. ! querciis Knoch, 1801, p. y2.

6. ! ilicis Knoch, 1801, p. 75.

porcina Hentz, 1830, p. 256.

\\ fimbria ta Burmeister, 1855, p. 326.

!! ciliata Le Conte, 1856, p. 253.

7. Imicatts Knoch, 1801, p. yy.

8. ! hirsuta Knoch, 1801, p. 78.

9. ! hirticiila Knoch, 1801, p. 79.

10. knoiiiii Schoenherr and Gyllenhal, 1817, p. 75.

11. longitarsa Say, 1824, p. 241.

12. lanceolata Say, 1824, p. 242.

13. balia Say, 1825, p. 194.

\\ couiata Burmeister, 1855, p. 337.

14. cphilida Say, 1825, p. 196.

! ! bunneisten Le Conte, 1856, p. 242.

15. ! drakii Kirby, 1837, p. 133.

!! consimilis Le Conte, 1850, p. 226.

Wgrandis Smith, 1888, p. 181.

16. Wfraterna Harris, 1842, p. 29.

Wcogiiafa Burmeister, 1855, p. 323.

17. !! prnmna Le Conte, 1856, p. 251.

pritinosa\\Mt\s\\ftimtr, 1846, p. 139.

18. rugosa Melsheimer, 1846, p. 140.

19. Wanxia Le Conte, (March,) 1850, p. 226.

\ brcvicollis Blanchard, (April 25,) 1850, p. 132.

! puiicticollis Blanchard, (April 25,) 1850, p. 133.

!! cephalica Le Conte, 1856, p. 245.

! uninotata Walker, 1866, p. 323.

Wdubia Smith, 1888, p. 183.

!! inspcrata Smith, 1889, p. 93.

\\ alpina Linell, 1897, p. 726.

20. ! ! fiitilis Le Conte, 1850, p. 226.

\] gibbosa Burmeister, 1855, p. 324.

!! decidua Le Conte, 1856, p. 246.

! ! serricornis Le Conte, 1856, p. 247.

21. \ profunda Blanchard, 1850, p. 132.

\\ biiiiipressa Smith. 1889, p. 97.

W grandior Linell, 1897, p. 727.

22. ! uniformis Blanchard, 1850, p. 133.

Carolina Fall, 1912, p. 43.



23- ! crassissima Blanchard, 1850, p. 133.

!! obesa Le Conte, 1856, p. 251.

!! rohusta Le Conte, 1856, p. 257.
II getterosa Horn, 1887, p. 222.

24. glabcrrima Blanchard, 1850, p. 136.

25. ! (A'j^«w Blanchard, 1850, p. 138.

\\ comans Burmeister, 1855, p. 358.
W sororia Le Conte, 1856, p. 246.

llrufiola Le Conte, 1856, p. 256.

26. Wcribi-osa Le Conte, 1854, p. 231.

!! ventricosa Le Conte, 1854, p. 440.

27. ! ! ceqimlis Le Conte, 1854, p. 440.
28. Wforstcri Burmeister, 1855, p. 325.

\ I semicribrata Le Conte, 1856, p. 247.
! ! liigubris Le Conte, 1856, p. 248.

Wlntescctis Le Conte, 1856, p. 249.

! ! politiila Horn, 1887, p. 248.

! ! nova Smith, 1889, p. 95.

29. Walbina Burmeister, 1855, p. 328.

30. crinita Burmeister, 1855, p. 359.
\\ glabripennis Le Conte, 1856, p. 260.

31. \\ pruniinculhm Burmeister, 1855, p. 360.

\\ cerasina Le Conte, 1856, p. 241.

32. W gracilis Burmeister, 1855, p. 361.

Wvolvula Le Conte, 1856, p. 235.

!! inana Le Conte, 1856, p. 242.

33. !! dispar Burmeister, 1855, p. 361.

!! boops Horn, 1887, p. 284.

34. ! ! farcta Le Conte, 1856, p. 238.

35. !! torta Le Conte, 1856, p. 239.

36. W frontalis Le Conte, 1856, p. 239.

37. ! ! latifrons Le Conte, 1856, p. 241.

38. \\ coiigrtui Le Conte, 1856, p. 243.

39. !! corrosa Le Conte, 1856, p. 249.

! ! affinis Le Conte, 1856, p. 252.

! calceata Le Conte, 1856, p. 250.

! niarginalis Le Conte, 1856, p. 250.

! sitbtonsa Le Conte, 1856, p. 254.

! vilifrons Le Conte, 1856, p. 255.

! ! hirticeps Le Conte, 1856, p. 255.

44. ! ! nitida Le Conte, 1856, p. 256.

Wlimiila Horn, 1887, p. 264.

\\ innominata Smith, 1889, p. 98.

40
41

42

43



373

45- ! ! dypeata Horn, 1887, p. 145.

Wintcgra
|| Le Conte, 1856, p. 258.

46. !! parvidens Le Conte, 1856, p. 259.

47. ! ! rubiginosa Le Conte, 1856, p. 259.

48. \\ submucida Le Conte, 1856, p. 260.

49. !! glabricnla Le Conte, 1856, p. 260.

50. ! ! debilis Le Conte, 1856, p. 262.

51. !! errans Le Conte, i860, p. 283.

52. \\ macidicollis Le Conte, 1863, p. 76.

53. ! ! nitidula Le Conte, 1863, p. yy.

54. llcleniciis Horn, 1887, p. 144.

55. W hamata Horn, 1887, p. 220.

56. W prcctcrvnssa Horn, 1887, p. 223.

!! dcpnita Smith, 1888, p. 501.

57. W hirtiventris Horn, 1887, p. 231.

58. ! ! postrcma Horn, 1887, p. 233.

59. ! ! invcrsa Horn, 1887, p. 241.

60. Wbipartita Horn, 1887, P- 242.

61. !! vcliciHcus Horn, 1887, p. 244.

62. !! harda Horn, 1887, p. 248.

63. ! ! spreta Horn, 1887, p. 250.

64. Winfidcli.s Horn, 1887, p. 253.

65. Wluchtosa Horn, 1887, p. 254.

66. W scittila Horn, 1887, p. 256.

67. !! implicita Horn, 1887, p. 262.

!! minor Linell, 1897, P- 728.

68. ! ! dclata Horn, 1887, p. 267.

69. !! (cmtila Horn, 1887, p. 271.

70. !! arcta Horn, 1887, p. 271.

71. Wvettda Horn, 1887, p. 274.

72. Wfucata Horn, 1887, p. 278.

73. !! exorata Horn, 1887, p. 278.

74. Wignava Horn, 1887, p. 280.

75. Wincpta Horn, 1887, p. 282.

76. W affabilis Horn, 1887, p. 283.

yy. ! ! ecostata Horn, 1887, p. 284.

78. ! ! lenis Horn, 1887, p. 287.

79. \\ hctcrodoxa Horn, 1887, p. 289.

80. !! tusa Horn, 1887, p. 290.

81. Widkci Smith, 1889, p. 94.

82. !! qitadrata Smith, 1889, p. 94.

83. !! Jwrnii Smith, 1889, p. 95.



374

84. !

85. !

86. !

87. !

88. !

89. !

90.

91. !

92. !

93- •'

94-

95- !

! loiigispina Smith, 1889, p. 97.

! antennata Smith, 1889, p. 99.

! clongata Linell, 1897, P- 725-

! parva Linell, 1897, p. 726.

! riigosioides Linell, 1897, p. 728.

! karlsioci Linell, 1898, p. 400.

epigcea Wickham, 1903, p. 71. /

\ arkansana Schaeffer, 1906, p. 257.
lenta Fall, 1908, p. 162.

! pygidialis Schaeffer, 1906, p. 257.
! latidens Schaeffer, 1906, p. 258.

lohata Fall, 1908, p. 163.

! gcorgian-a Schaeffer, 1909, p. 382.

Alphabetical List of Foregoing Names

NO.
a'viula Horn 69.

cequalis Le Conte 27.

affahilis Horn 76.

(iffinis he Conte 39.

albina Burmeister 29.

alpina Linell 19.

antennata Smith 85.

anxia Le Conte 19.

arcta Horn 70.

arcxuita Smith 1.

arkansana Schaeffer 91.

halia Say 13.

barda Horn 62.

biimpressa Smith 21.

bipartita Horn 60.

boops Horn 33.

brevicollis Blanchard 19.

burmeisteri Le Conte 14.

calccata Le Conte 40.

Carolina Fall 22.

cerasina Le Conte 31.

ceplialica Le Conte 19.

ciliata Le Conte 6.

Clemens Horn 54.

clypeata Horn 45.

cognata Burmeister 16.

comata Burmeister 13.

comans Burmeister 25.

NO.

congrua Le Conte 38.

consiniilis Le Conte 15.

corrosa Le Conte 39.

crassissima Blanchard 23
crenulata Proelich 3.

cribrosa Le Conte 26.

crinita Burmeister 30.

debilis Le Conte 50.

decidua Le Conte 20.

definita Smith 56.

delata Horn 68.

diffinis Blanchard 25.

dispar Burmeister 33.

draJiii Kirby 15.

dubia Smith 19.

ecostata Horn 77.

elongata Linell 86.

epliilida Say 14.

epigcea Wickham 90.

errans Le Conte 51

.

exorata Horn 1".

farcta Le Conte 34.

fervens Gyllenhal 4.

fervida Fabricius 1

.

fimbriata Burmeister 6.

forsteri Burmeister 28.

fraterna Han-is 16.

frontalis Le Conte 36.



375

NO.

fucaia Horn 72.

fusca Froelich 4.

futilis Le Conte 20.

generosa Horn 2o.

georgiana Schaeffer 95.

georgkana Gyllenhal 3.

gibhosa Burmeister 20.

glahcrrima Blanchard 24.

glahricula Le Conte +9.

glabripcnnis Le Conte 30.

gracilis Burmeister 32.

grandior Linell 21.

grandis Smith 15.

liamcita Horn 55.

h etc rodora Horn 79.

liirsuta Knoch 8.

Mrticeps Le Conte 43.

hiriicrda Knoch 9.

liirtivcntri.s Horn 57.

hornii Smith 83.

ignavn Horn "4.

ilicix Knoch 6.

implicita Horn 67.

innnn Le Conte 32.

inepfa Horn 75.

infidelis Horn 64.

innominata Smith 44.

inspernfn Smith 19.

integra Le Conte 45.

inversa Horn 59.

karlsioei Linell 89.

knocliii Sehoenherr and
Gyllenhal 10.

hinceolatn Say 12.

Jnfidens Schaeffer 93.

Idtifrons Le Conte 37.

Icnis Horn 78.

lenfa Fall 91.

Urn ula Horn 44.

lobata Fall 94.

longispina Smith 84.

longifnrsa Say 11-

Iiictitosa Horn 65.

lugubrix Le Conte 28.

hitcscens Le Conte 28.

macidicollis Le Conte 52.

NO.

marginalis Le Conte 41.

micans Knoch 7.

minor Linell •. • • • 67.

nitida Le Conte 44.

nitidida Le Conte 53.

7iova Smith 28.

obesa Le Conte 23.

parva Linell 87.

parvidens Le Conte 46.

pilosicollis Knoch 2.

politida Horn 28.

porcina Hentz 6.

postreina Horn 58.

prcetermissa Horn 56.

profunda Blanchard 21.

pruinosa Melsheimer 17.

prunina Le Conte 17.

prununculinn Burmeister .... 31.

puncticollis Blanchard 19.

pygidialis Schaeffer 92.

quadrata Smith 82.

quercina Knoch 1.

qucrcus Knoch 5.

robusta Le Conte 23.

rubiginosa Le Conte 47.

rufiola Le Conte 25.

rugosa Melsheimer 18.

rugosioides Linell 88.

scitula Horn 66.

semicribrata Le Conte 28.

serricornis Le Conte 20.

sororia Le Conte 25.

spreta Horn 63.

submucida Le Conte 48.

subtonsa Le Conte 42.

torta Le Conte 35.

tristis Fabrieius 2.

tusa Horn 80.

xdkei Smith 81.

uniformis Blanchard 22.

uninofata Walker 19.

vehemens Horn 61.

ventricosa Le Conte 26.

vetida Horn 71.

vilifrons Le Conte 43.

volvula he Conte 32.



376

A List of the Publications Containing Original Descriptions
OF Phyllophaga of the United States and Canada

1 78 1. Fabricius, Johann Christian.

Species Insectorum, Tomus I.

1792. Froelich, Jos. Aloys.

Der Naturforsciier, Stueck 26, pp. 68-165.
1 80 1. Knocli, August Wilhelm.

Neue Beytraege zur Insectenkunde, Theil i.

18
1
7. Gyllenhal, Leonhard.

Synonymia Insectorum (Schoenherr), Band i, Theil 3, Ap-
pendix.

18
1
7. Schoenherr, Carl Johan, and Gyllenhal, Leonhard.

Synonymia Insectorum (Schoenherr), Band i, Tiieil 3,

Appendix.

1824. Say, Thomas.
Journ. Acad. Nat. Scr. Phil., Vol. 3, Part 2, pp. 238-282.

1825. Say, Thomas.
Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. 5, Part i, pp. 160-204.

1830. Hentz, Nicholas Marcel.

Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, Vol. 3, N.S., pp. 253-258.

1837. Kirby, William.

Fauna Boreali-Americana (Richardson, J.), Part 4,

The Insects.

1842. Harris, Thaddeus William.

Insects Injurious to Vegetation, ist edition.

1846. Melsheimer, Frederick Ernst.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. 2, 1844-45, PP- 134-160.

1850. Le Conte, John L.

Lake Superior, its Physical Character, Vegetation, and
Animals (Agassiz), pp. 201-242.

1850. Blanchard, fimile.

Catalogvie de la Collection Entomologique du Museum d'His-

toire Naturelle de Paris (Milne-Edwards, M.), Tome I.

1854. Le Conte, John L.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. 6, 1852, pp. 226-235.

1854. Le Conte, John L.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. 6, 1852, pp. 439-448.
[855. Burmeister, Hermann.

Handbuch der Entomologie, Band 4, Abtli. 2.

1856. Le Conte, John L.

Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Ser. 2, Vol. 3, pp. 225-288.



377

i86o. Le Conte, John L.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1859, pp. 281-293.

1863. Le Conte, John L.

New Species of North American Coleoptera, Part I.

1866. Walker, Francis.

The Naturalist in \'ancouver Island and British Columbia,
Vol. 2.

1887. Horn, George H.
Entomologica Americana, Vol. 3, Nov. 1887, pp. 141-145.

1887. Horn, George H.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. 14, Dec. 1887, pp. 209-296.

1888. Smith, John B.

Insect Life, Vol. i, Dec. 1888, pp. 180-185.

1889. Smith, John B.

Entomologica Americana, Vol. 5, Mav, 1889, PP- 93-99-
1889. Smith, John B.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, 1888, pp. 481-525.

1897. Linell, Martin L.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 18, 1896, pp. 721-731.

1898. Linell, Martin L.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 19, 1897, pp. 393-401.
1903. Wickham, H. F.

Can. Ent., Vol. 35, March, 1903, pp. 67-74.

1906. Schaeffer, Charles.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. 32, pp. 249-266.

1908. Fall, H. C.

Entomological News, Vol. 19, April, 1908, pp. 159-164.

1909. Schaefifer, Charles.

Science Bulletin, Brooklyn Institute Museum, Vol. i. No. 15.

1912. Fall. H. C.

Can. Ent., Vol. 44, Feb. 1912, pp. 40-48.

This occasion is taken to propose a much needed name for an un-

described species that is abundant in southern Illinois in midsummer

;

so abmidant that it ranks high among the species of Phyllophaga

whose numbers give them marked economic importance. The writer

takes pleasure in naming this important Illinois species after his in-

structor and friend. Dr. S. A. Forbes. The name proposed seems pe-

culiarly appropriate in view of the notable contributions made by Dr.

Forl)es to our knowledge of the biological and economic relations of

the species of Pliylloplmga that occur in Illinois.



378

Phyllophaga forbesi, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, subcylindrical, rufotestaceous, moderately
shining. Clypeus broadly emarginate, moderately reflexed ; both cly-

peus and front rather coarsely and very closely punctate. Prothorax
one half broader than long; sides arcuate, nearly parallel posteriorly,

narrowed in front, margins entire ; surface much less closely punctate

than front, with an indistinct fovea on each side in front of middle.

Elytra more closely and deeply punctate than prothorax, discal costae

feeble. Pygidium of male broader than long, surface irregularly

wrinkled, vaguely punctate; of female, smoother, less vaguely punc-

tate, nearly as long as broad. Metasternum closely and finely punc-

tate, hairs short and sparse. Abdomen finely, faintly, and sparsely

punctate, nearly smooth at middle. Claws strong, slightly intramedian

in male, median in female. Hind tarsi similar in both sexes.

Length 14—17 mm.
Male.—Antennte lo-jointed, club a little shorter than the stem.

Abdomen broadly concave, penultimate segment feebly emarginate at

middle, with a roughened space in front of the faint emargination

;

last segment deeply emarginate, with an obtuse or rounded cusp at

each side of the emargination, the middle of the segment abruptly de-

pressed, the depressed area but little roughened, and with a distinct

transverse ridge at posterior margin. Fixed spur of hind tibiae short

and narrow, outer spur long and slender.

Female.—Club of antennae nuich shorter than the funiculus. Spurs
of hind tibiae slender.

Many specimens. Abundant in southern Illinois in late June, July,

and early August.

This species is very nearly allied to ephilida Say and itniforiiiis

Blanchard {Carolina Fall). It resembles both of these species in all

of the more obvious characters, and is rather common in collections in

the epiiilida series. It may be assumed that specimens bearing an
Illinois label, and properly placed in the ephilida series, are of this

species ; since ephilida Say does not occur in Illinois.

While this species is not easily separated from ephilida by the ex-

ternal characters alone, the genital characters of the two species are

strikingly different. The male genital structures are symmetricrd in

both species. In the apical portion of these structures, however, in eph-

ilida the ventral margins are entire, the ventro-distal angles are pro-

duced to form elongate, rounded lobes, and there is a very characteris-

tic pair of long, slender, curved processes that arise from the dorso-

lateral margins of the distal opening and extend distad, in a general



379

\ entro-mesal direction; while in the species here described, the slender,

curved processes of ephilida apparently have no counterpart, the

rounded, ventro-distal lobes are broad and not elongate as in ephilida,

and in this species, there is a pair of broad, angulate lobes not present

in ephilida, which are apparently developed from the ventral margins,

and which bear each a short, straight, slender process, which extends

directly mesad from its point of origin. The females of this species

are readily separated from those of ephilida and uniforinis by the

pubic process. This structure has approximately the same length and
the same general form in these three species, but in the Illinois species

it is broader than in either of the other two.

The foregoing will serve to indicate the general plan of the writer's

work on Phyllophaga, and will make immediately available some of the

results already obtained. It is hoped that the names given here will

be useful to those who contemplate publishing on the group before the

completed synopsis may appear.

The writer is now prepared to give determinations of any "May
beetle" material from the United States and Canada, and will be glad

to do anything in his power to encourage greater activity in the study

of the group. He will gladly determine and report promptly on any
collections that may be submitted to him if mounted with the genital

structures exposed. Unmounted material, however, or mounted col-

lections that do not have the genital structures exposed, can be ac-

cepted only with the understanding that they will be determined as

leisure from other duties may permit tlie time-consuming manipula-

tion that such material requires.

A large series of exotic species of Phyllophaga, sensu lata, is now
being worked over. This series belongs to the United States National

Museum, and includes species from the West Indies, Mexico, Central

America, South America, Eastern and Southern Asia, and islands of

the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is hoped that studies of this ma-
terial will suggest a grouping of the North American species that will

represent natural relationships more successfully than might be pos-

sible from a study of the North American species alone.

Any criticisms or suggestions from other workers that may con-

tribute to the completeness, or the thoroughness, or the usableness of

the forthcoming paper will be welcome.

Issued Feb. 4, 1916.

ERRATA
Page 373, after line lo, insert 53a, subpriiiiiosa Casey, 1884, p. 38.

P^ge 375, after submucida Le Conte, 48, insert subpruinosa Casey,
53a-

Page 377, after line 7, insert 1884. Casey, Thomas L. Contribu-
tions to the Descrintive nnd Sv^tomntir fnlcnntprnlncri' nf Vnrtli