Bulletin
OF THE

Illinois State Laboratory
OF

Natural History

Urbana, Illinois, U. S. A.

STEPHEN A. FORBES, Ph.D., L.L.D.,

Director

Vol. X. May, 1915 Article VI.

THE CHIRONOMID.E, OR MIDGES, OF ILLINOIS, WITH
PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE SPECIES

OCCURRING IN THE ILLINOIS RIVER

John R. Malloch



ERRATA

Page 49, line 7 from bottom, page 69. line 8 from bottom, page 85, last line, and

page 86, line 11 from bottom, for choiiuct'hrista read chaiiuvcristt].

Page 71, line 2 from bottom, for Tctraophthalmus, read Tetraopes.

Page 75, line 3 (second column) below first heading, for Cistudo read Terrapene.

Page 76, last line in first list, for brcvicaudis read brcvicauda.

Page 87, line 2 (second column) below first heading, for carisce read cardisce.

Page 214, lines 4, 7, and 11 above heading, for flaviciiigulata read flavicingula.

Page 283, line 19 from bottom, for Simulidcc read Siiiiiiliida-.

Page 289, line 7, for Bezzia read Probezzia.

Page 409, line 23, after /i. read 5.^6.

Page 531, line 12 from bottom, for dissimilis read nivoriundus.



CONTENTS

PAGE

Intro.hiL-tion 217-289

Methods of collecting 277

>rothoils of rearing 278

Methods of preservation 278

Synonymy affecting family names 279

Biology and taxonomy 281

The egg stage 281

Larval characters 282

Food of the larva) 286

Characters of the pupa; 286

Characters of the imagines 287

Food of the imagines 288

Acknowledgments 288

Keys to subfamilies 289

Larvaj 289

Pupas 289

Imagines 290

Ccraiopngonintr 290-361

Larval characters 290

Tiipal characters 291

Tmaginal characters 292

Keys to genera 293

Larva; 293

Pupa; 293

Imagines 293

Keys to larva; and pupa; of North American species of Ceratnpogon and
Fnrcipomyia 294

Addendum to CeratopoffonincF 360

Sup|)lementary key to species of Eeteromyia 360

TamipiiKC 361-398

Larval characters 362

Pupal characters 363

Imaginal characters 363

Key to genera (imagines) 361

Key to larva; 364

Key to pupa; 365

Unidentified larva3 397

Chironomina; 398-534

Key to genera 400
Key to larvaB 401
Key to pupa; 406
Unidentified larva; and pupa; 528-534

Distribution of CMronomidir in the Illinois Eiver 534
Summary of Illinois genera and species in comparison with those recorded

for other states 530
Nundier of Illinois species recorded 536

Number of New Jersey species recorded 537

Number of species recorded by Johannsen 537

Index to genera and species 539



Article VI.

—

The Chironomida, or Midges, of Illinois, with par-

ticular Reference to the Species occurring in the Illinois River. By
J. R. Malwch.

Introduction

The family Chironomidcc includes a very large number of species

the adult forms of which, in the great majority of cases, are very dif-

ficult to distinguish from each other. The adults of the larger species

of the genus Chironoinus and those genera closely related to it are

often mistaken for mosquitoes, which they greatly resemble in general

appearance. No adult of this group, Chironoiiiincc, nor of the Tanypi-

n<T, has as yet been recorded as biting, and it is only in the Ccratopogo-

nincc, the species of which are generally very much smaller and more
robust, much less resembling the Ctdicidcc, that we meet with blood-

sucking species. Some of the species in this latter group, known lo-

cally as "punkies," are very persistent biters, and though of very small

size occur sometimes in such numbers as to cause considerable incon-

venience. This habit of some species in the Ccratopogonincc is not con-

fined to those occurring in America. In Europe, particularly in the

more northern parts, Cidicoidcs pidicaris Linne and several closely

allied species are so numerous and bite so persistently in the evenings,

during the months of June, July, and August, that it i.-' only by endur-

ing much discomfort that one can remain outdoors in the country, or

even on the outskirts of the towns in certain districts. This condition

prevails in Britain, and is more pronounced in Scotland, especially near

the many small lakes which exist, where conditions are almost unen-

durable. Several species which attack man and cattle are dealt with in

this papejr.

The early stages of most species of this family are passed in water

—rivers, lakes, pools, and streams, or in almost any receptacle contain-

ing the requisite amount of water; but some species of the Ccratopo-

gonincc are terrestrial in the larval stage, living underneath bark, under
boards, or beneath other objects lying on the ground, while some of

them are also met with in nests of Hymcnoptcra. A most peculiar

form of larva belonging to this group and living on submerged logs,

has been found by Garman in Kentucky*, and has also occurred in the

•Bull. Ky. Agr. Exper. Sta., No. 159, p. 31, Figg. 27 and 28.



276

Illinois River at Havana. A detailed description of all stages of this

species is given herein. The Chironomidcc, though resembling the
Ctdicidcc in many respects, including the form of the adult and the
aquatic habits of the larva;, do not present in the larval stage such
characters as those which are so readily appreciable and so easily ac-

cessible in the larva; of the latter family. It is only in the terrestrial

species of Ceratopogonina that one meets with conspicuously spinose
forms, and in the great majority of cases a clue to the specific, and
even generic, identity of a larva must be sought in the structure of the
head and its parts, and also in the form of the anal appendages.

The members of this family are among the commonest and most
widely distributed of the two-winged flies, occurring on every conti-

nent and in all the faunal areas into which these continents have been
divided. Although considerably over one thousand species have been
described, it is certain that this is but a small fraction of the total num-
ber of species which must occur throughout the world. The reasons
for this paucity of described species are obvious. The fragile struc-

ture of most of the species prevents their being readily preserved, and
their frequent close similarity deters all but a few specialists from
working on the family. Despite the extremely fragile structure of the
members of this family many fossil species have been described by
various authors. Conjectures as to the possible sources from which
the family sprang must remain, as in the case of other families, mere
conjectures, serving only to create purely academic discussion, which
has no proper place in the present paper. It may, however, be useful
to students of the Diptcra to indicate, as clearly as possible from the
available data, the characteristics of the family.

In this paper I have introduced in descriptions of genera and spe-

cies a few characters which have not previously been used by writers

in dealing with the family. I have in every case endeavored to find

coordinated characters in the sexes, and in dealing with the genera I

have, wherever possible, associated the characters found in the adults

with a certain set of characters found in larvae and pupae. I have, I

believe, met with a considerable degree of success in deciding some of
the more difficult points, particularly in the Ceratopogonina. The
presence of the thoracic cavities in Cnlicoidcs and their absence from
the members of closely allied genera serves as a much more satisfac-

tory and more readily appreciable character for the separation of the
genera than that previously in use, namely, the size of the empodia in

comparison with the size of the claws. ' I have of course followed pre-

vious authors in the main lines of separation, only occasionally deviat-
ing when convinced that such course is expedient and conducive to a
better understanding of the family; but in descriptions of species I



277

have used, wherever possible, such structural characters as were avail-

able in addition to those of color, even at the risk of being charged by

superficial students with considering valueless ininuti?e as of specific

importance. My duty to subsequent students of the group is, as I re-

gard it, to avoid obscuring the distinctions between genera or species,

and to place before them as clear a statement as I possibly can of the

characters on which I depend for my identifications, thus enabling them

to begin their work upon the family without the handicap which I had

when I began—that of uncertainty as to the structural details of genera

and species.

METHODS OF COLLECTING

Larv?e of Chirononiidcc may be met throughout the entire year in

almost any permanent body of water, and often in temporary pools.

Slow-flowing rivers and creeks and shallow lakes and ponds are

both the most easily accessible and most productive of species.

Earlv in March many species may be dredged from the beds of streams

and ponds, and some of them, such as Protcnthcs adiciformis and

Ortlwdadius nlvoriundns, may be obtained in large numbers in practi-

cally any small stream. It is necessary in dredging for larvae that the

mud or silt at the bottom should be disturbed to some depth, as most of

the species burrow and must be dislodged before they can be obtained

with the net. Provided, however, that the net is strong enough, quan-

tities of mud may be lifted from the water and sifted over on some con-

venient flat surface. The "blood-worms" are readily seen in the net, but

most species are difficult to detect because of their brownish or grayish

color, and it requires careful searching to find most of the species of

Orthocladius and the smaller chironomine species. The wormlike larvae

of Ccratopogonincc are also difficult to discover as they are almost

colorless and exceptionally slender. A good plan to adopt is that of

leaving the material spread out on some smooth surface for a short

time undisturbed, when the small larva? may be readily detected by

their movements.
Pupa; of Chironomincr and Tanypiua: are usually obtained by

dredging. Onlv in rare cases does one obtain them by searching on the

surface of the water, as they seldom leave the burrow or come to the

surface till just immediately before the emergence of the adult. The

emergence of the imago, which occupies but one or two seconds, us-

ually follows so closely upon the appearance of the pupa at the surface

that few specimens are obtained while floating. In the aquatic Cera-

topogoniuic, however, the simplest method of obtaining the pupa is to

search along the shore of a body of water upon which a steady breeze

has been blowing for some time, or to examine floating objects upon



278

which the pupre may have crawled. Because of the habit which the

species of this subfamily have of ascending beyond the water-level

before emergence of the imago they necessarily remain longer at the

surface, which affords a better opportunity for collecting them.

Imagines of Cliironomidcc may be obtained throughout almost the

entire year. Ccratopogouincc rarely fly in the well-known "cloud" which
is characteristic of many species in Chironomincc, but occasionally

species of the genus Forcipomyia may be seen flying in large numbers
close to the trunks of old trees. The writer has commonly taken F.

pilosa in such situations, both sexes being represented. It is a pecu-

liar habit of both the terrestrial and aquatic members of this subfamily

to pass the heat of the day in thick vegetation. In the case of the bit-

ing species of Culicoidcs at least, I have found that there is a prefer-

ence for evergreens, or at least for those having the leaves very closely

placed, such as juniper or spruce. At almost any time during the year

specimens of this group may be obtained in suitable localities by beat-

ing such trees in the usual manner adopted by collectors. The Tany-
pincc and Chironomincc are readily obtained almost anywhere, on win-

dows in the daytime, by sweeping vegetation close to streams, or at

lighted windows at night. There are very few species of Cliironomidcc

that can not be found at light, and quite a number of species which are

generally considered rare have been taken by Mr. C. A. Hart, of this

office, and the writer, on store windows in various towns in Illinois.

METHODS OF REARING

It has not been possible for me to experiment extensively with live

material, but a fair measure of success has been obtained in rearing

species by the simple expedient of placing single larvae in two-dram
vials about a third full of water, in which was placed a small portion

of the mud or dead leaves from the habitat of the larva, the mouth of

the vial being closed with a plug of cotton. It is not to be expected,

however, that this method will prove successful in the case of larvae

which live in swift-running streams, and several species which were

obtained from this sort of habitat never reached maturity. Mr. Hart
met with considerable success with larvae contained in fine gauze rear-

ing-cages which were moored in the Illinois River. This method is

the ideal one and should be adopted by any one who is intending to

study the biology of Cliironomidcc.

METHODS OP PRESERVATION

Larvae of all the Chironomidcc may best be preserved in vials con-

taining 85 per cent, alcohol. It is necessary to boil the larvae first to



279

prevent shrinkage. In doing this it is only necessary to bring the water
in the test-tube to the boihng point and then let it cool. To make
microscope slides of the head parts it is not necessary to clear the head
in caustic potash or any other medium, as the various parts when dis-

sected are sufficiently transparent to permit of their thorough examina-
tion without clearing. Larval exuvia; are of course the best objects

for microscope slides. To prepare these for mounting it is necessary

first to immerse them for twenty-four hours in 85 per cent, alcohol,

or for a shorter time in proof alcohol. After this a bath for about half

an hour in clove oil will be all that is required to fit them for mounting
in Canada balsam.

It is a very difficult matter to make a satisfactory mount of a

pupa, containing the imago, and from the point of view of its availa-

bility for examination I prefer the cast skin. In mounting this the

same method is followed as with the larval exuviae.

In making preparations of the imago for the microscope it is nec-

essary to clear the specimens in a ten per cent, solution of caustic pot-

ash. Large and heavily chitinized objects will require longer boiling

than small membranous ones, but no specific time can be given as that

necessary under any set of circumstances. It is only requisite that the

student observe the object from time to time by holding the test-tube

to the light and looking through it, judging when he has obtained the

desired transparency. It is best to use specimens which have been dry-

mounted. The hypopygia, which are used to a considerable extent in

descriptions in this paper, are easily mounted by the following method

:

Boil in caustic potash as indicated above, wash in tepid water for five

minutes, dehydrate in proof alcohol for five minutes, and immerse in

clove oil for ten minutes for small objects, longer for large ones.

Have the Canada balsam rather thick, place a small portion on center

of slide, and on top of it a drop of xylol. Remove the object to be

mounted from the clove oil with a needle dipped in the balsam and ar-

range on slide under low power. This simple method will, I have
found, give highly satisfactory results. To prepare dry-mounted speci-

mens of the imagines for the collection it is best, except in the case of

very large examples, to mount them on their sides on card points, using

shellac, and keeping the upper surface of the thorax away from the

pin. By this method there is less danger of breaking the legs of the

specimens—a most important point to observe.

SYNONYMY AFFECTING FAMILY NAMES

The family name Chironomida and the subfamily names Ceratopo-

gonince, Tanypina, and Chironomince are used in this paper, although



they have been relegated to the synonjmiy by certain European authors

because of the opinion held by a few dipterologists regarding the claims

to priority of the names of a recently resurrected paper by Meigen.*

I have not used the generic names of that paper which are stated to

pertain to this family for the following reasons : Article XXV of the

rules governing zoological nomenclature adopted by the International

Zoological Congress states that a generic name unaccompanied by
either a description or a figure is valid if the name of one or more
described species is mentioned as pertaining to it. Article XXX states

that the type of any polytypical genus is that one of the original species

which was first designated as such type, and that where there are two
species, one of which is subsequently cited as the type of another genus,

the remaining species shall be considered as the type of the old genus.

It will thus be seen that what really validates a genus is the indication,

by the author of the genus, of its type species, or the inclusion of a

species which may be cited by another author as the type even should

there be discrepancies between the type and the generic description.

Thus genera without species are invalid. By this ruling, misinter-

pretation of characters by careless workers is rectifiable; whereas if

genera were to be erected by mere description, fanciful interpretations

might seriously interfere with entomological or other scientific work
necessitating accurate identifications. As none of Meigen's genera in

the paper referred to had species assigned to them, they are necessarily

invalid. Meigen himself did not use the names subsequently, nor were
they ever, as far as I am aware, mentioned by other authors until Hen-
del reprinted Meigen's paper in igoS.f

In this connection Hendel endeavored to link up Meigen's names of

1800 with those used by the latter in 1803,1 suggesting that the names
of the 1803 paper now in common use be ranked as synonyms of those

of 1800. Irrespective of the fact that in very many cases the associa-

tion of the names in the two papers was merely a guess, I consider that

Hendel's action made the genera valid only from the date when he

placed a species in them and not from 1800. These names therefore

must be ranked as synonyms of the 1803 names and date from 1908.

In view, then, of existing rules of nomenclature the course I have taken

in dealing with this family is the only one possible, and it will be

adopted by me in dealing with other cases of synonymy connected with

Meigen's paper.

'Noiivelle Classification des Mouches a deux ailes. 1800.

tVerhandl. k. k. Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch., Wien, Bd. 58, p. 48.

{Illiger Mag., Bd. 2.



281

BIOLOGY* AND TAXONOMY

The Bgg Stage

The eggs of Cliiroiioiiiidcr, with the exception of those species be-

longing to the terrestrial forms in Ceratopogonince, are deposited in

water, principally in pools or slow-flowing streams. At times they may
be deposited in indoor aquaria, or other suitable receptacles having an

accessible water surface. There is considerable variation in the form
of the egg mass in the different species, but in all recorded cases the

eggs are enveloped in a gelatinous outer covering, and may take the

form of a pear-shaped mass, be arranged in rope-like tubes, or be

massed closely together, forming large groups. In one case observed

in the Illinois River the eggs of Cricotopus trifasciains Panzer were

grouped together, forming a large elongate mass about ten inches long

and from one to two inches in diameter. Miall and Hammond give

an account of the various e.gg masses which they have examined.f I re-

produce the passages here. "The various forms of egg rope which

characterize dififerent species of Clvironomus reach a climax of com-

plication in C. dorsalis. In simpler cases the eggs may be enclosed in

a globular or pear-shaped gelatinous mass, which is glued to a stone

in the bed of a stream. Or the eggs may lie, almost at random, within

a gelatinous pipe. Both a pipe, enclosing the eggs, and an outer gelat-

inous envelope may be present, and the pipe may be thrown into bends

or spires which do not affect the outer covering. Lastly, a pair of in-

terwoven cords may be added, which traverse the cylinder, on whose

outer wall lie the spires of the egg-containing pipe. The egg masses

may contain three dififerent kinds of gelatinous substance, one forming

the pipe, a second the general investment, a third the interwoven cords.

The two latter may be furnished by the gluten-gland, whose cavity

when cut across shows sectors of what are probably two different se-

cretions ; the wall of the egg-pipe is perhaps secreted by the ovary or

oviduct.

"Since the larvae which have to issue from the eggs have to live in

water, it is convenient that the egg-chains should be laid in water, and

further that they should float at the surface, where they can be freely

supplied with air, and run no risk of being smothered by silt or or-

ganic refuse. If the water were stagnant, the eggs might float free,

as the egg-raft of the gnat does, but the eggs of Chironomus dorsalis

are laid in slow streams, and must be secured, lest they should be

swept away, and perhaps lodged in some unsuitable place, or even car-

*Notes on the biology of CMronomus viridicolUs, a species often present in reser-

voirs for the siippl}' of city water are given on pp. 4.'59-4G3.

tThe Harlequin Fly, pp. 154-155. 1900.



ried out to sea. The eggs of this species are therefore invested by a

gelatinous envelope, which swells out, the moment it touches the water,

into an abundant transparent mucilage, and the whole mass is moored
to some fixed object by twisted cords. The mucilage has its special

uses: it makes the egg-mass slippery, so that birds or insects cannot

grasp it; moreover, it spaces the eggs, so that each is well exposed to

the sunlight and air ; lastly it keeps off the attacks of the water moulds

(Chytridecc and allied Ooinycctes), which abound in water and on the

surface of decaying plants, or devour the substance of living insects

and fishes. It may be that the mucilage of the egg-mass has some an-

tiseptic property, for it remains unchanged by parasitic growth or pu-

trefaction long after the eggs have hatched out."

The general statement above quoted applies very well to Chironom-

idcc in America, though it is evident that the writers had only in

mind the British members of the family when they suggested the pos-

sibility of the eggs being swept out to sea. It is probable that their

theories as to the uses of the gelatinous envelope of the egg mass are

mostly correct, though I doubt its suggested efficiency in preventing

destruction of the eggs by birds and insects.

The amount of time devoted to the study of the egg stage in Clii-

ronomidce has not been sufficient to permit association of the charac-

ters possessed by them with those possessed by the larvfe, pupse, and

imagines.

The number of eggs contained in the egg mass of seven different

females computed by Miall and Hammond {loc. cit., p. 154) was as

follows: 668, 784, 817, 828, 912, and 1102. The duration of the egg

stage, given by the same authors, is six days (p. 175). The length of

the egg stage will in all probability fluctuate in accordance with weather

conditions.

The method of reproduction in certain species in the genus Tany-

tarsus presents an instance of larval psedogenesis in this family. The
American species in which this occurs is given by Prof. O. A. Johann-

sen* as T. dissimilis. A European form of this genus having larval

paedogenetic phases has been recorded by Professor Zavrel. A species

of Chironomus in Europe has been recorded as having pupal psedo-

genesis.

Larval Characters

Head.—The dorsal surface of the head consists of three longitu-

dinal plates, to the median one of which (clypcus) is attached the la-

hriim. The labrum in the genus Chironomus has on its under surface

a complicated arrangement of hooks and two articulated lateral arms,

•Science, Vol. 32, 1910, p. 768.



which are represented in figures 7 and 8, Plate XXIII. The labrum
hangs over in front of the head, and can be drawn backward so as to

close over the mouth orifice. The function of the hooks present on the

epipharynx, or under surface of the labrum, is probably that of retain-

ing food in the mouth, but they are also used in assisting the larva in

its movements within its burrow, and also over any surface, as in pro-

gressing it generally grasps the sides of the burrow or some other ob-

ject with the mouth parts, drawing the body forward at the same time.

To the lateral plates are attached the antenna and mandibles; on each

lateral plate there are generally two black pigment spots, which are ru-

dimentary eyes ; the lateral plates curve down over the side of the head
and meet in the center of the under surface, which junction is marked
by a faint suture. The antcnncc are in many larvae very small, in others

of considerable size, and in Tanypus and its allies arc retractile within

the head for almost their entire length. The usual form of antenna
consists of a large and stout basal joint, on which there is generally a

sensory spot, or a hair, and on the ape.x of this joint one simple, gen-
erally hairlike, process of varying length, and a process with three to

five distinct joints, which presumably represents the true continuity of

the antenna. The mandibles in all the species which I have examined
are large and heavily chitinized, generally toothed on their inner sur-

face, and move on an articulated base so as to close inward ; when com-
pletely closed their apices are visible behind the anterior transverse

margin of the labial plate. The brushlike hairs which are present on
the mandibles of the larva; of Simulidcc and Culicida are much less

prominent in the larva? of Chironoiiiidcc, though still distinguishable.

The maxilUv are much retracted and rather rudimentary in many spe-

cies, and but little use has been made of them in descriptions. The
character which has been used more than any other for the separation

of larvae of this family lies in the structure of the labial plate, or sub-

mentum. In Chironomiis and several other genera, Orthocladins and
Cricotopus in particular, this plate is exposed and is therefore easily

accessible ; but in all the species of Tanypincc which are represented in

the material before me, the labial plate is very small and generally re-

tracted within the mouth, or occupies a vertical position so that its

form is indistinguishable; the labial papilla of a species of Chironomus
are as in Figure 10, Plate XXIII. A further discussion of this matter

will be found under Tanypina. The larval head of Dixa differs very
considerably from that of any chironomid, and shows the dorsal

sclerites clearly (PI. XXIII, Figs. 9 and 12).

Abdomen.—The thorax and abdomen of the larva combined con-

sist of twelve segments, which are almost devoid of hairs in most of

the aquatic species. Several of the terrestrial species are figured here-



2«4

with to show the variation of the abdominal bristles (PI. XVII, Figs.

1-3). It is only in certain species in Cricotopus and Tanytarsns that I

have been able to detect strong hairs on the abdomen in addition to the

anal tufts. The anal tufts are two conspicuous groups of hairs, sit-

uated upon more or less elevated bases, on the dorsal surface of tlie last

segment. In each of these elevated bases is a small ganglion which
would seem to indicate that the hairs are sensory in nature. In the

aquatic forms of Ccratopogoiiincr neither thoracic nor anal pscudopuds
are present ; but in the terrestrial forms of that group, and also in the

larva: of other Chironomidcc, both are present, and generally well de-

veloped. Sometimes the two of each pair are so fused as to present

the appearance of a single pseudopod ; while in others, and particularly

in the case of the anal pair in some species of Tanyptis, they are re-

markbly elongated. The apices of at least the anal pair are crowned
with two or more rings of retractile hooks which enable the larva to re-

tain its hold upon any surface. The thoracic pair in the case of terres-

trial Ccratopogonincc have also strong hooks similar to those on the

anal pair ; but in Chironomus and some other genera the thoracic pair

has only numerous, rather soft, apical hairs. The eleventh segment in

certain species of the genus Chironomus has either one or two pairs of

ventral blood-gills. In lobiferus Say, there is only one pair of these

gills, which are situated rather higher on the side of the segment than

usual, but in many species these organs are very much elongated and
situated low, almost or quite on the latero-ventral surface. In addition

to these ventral blood-gills, which are, as far as I know, confined to a

few species in the genus Chironomus, there are generally present on the

surface of the twelfth segment two pairs of well-developed dorsal

blood-gills. These organs, as far as my observation goes, are repre-

sented by at least one pair in all cases except the Ccratopogonincc,

though in at least the aquatic forms of the latter they are probably re-

tractile. The form of the dorsal blood-gills varies considerably in the

dififerent genera, and even in the different species within a genus.

The only exception to the foregoing description of the aquatic

larvae is to be found in the case of Palpomyia and allied genera, in

which the entire body is snakelike, and the only protuberances present

consist of four pairs of hairs on the last segment (PI. XVII, Fig. 6).
These larva; swim with a peculiar twisting, serpentine movement, re-

minding one very forcibly of the motions of an eel.

The larva; of many aquatic species live free in the water, while

others form tubular tunnels in the mud where they lie concealed dur-
ing the daytime, many of them being found near the surface of the

water after dark, supposedly for the purpose of obtaining a supply of



285

oxygen. The larvae of Tanytarsus form a characteristic case attaclied

to stems of grass or other objects in the water.

Transformation to the pupa generally takes place within the tun-

nel, the sides of which consist of the saliva of the larva, which seems

to harden on contact with the water, and in which there is generally no

trace whatever of threads. During the last larval instar the develop-

ment of the imaginal disc is very rapid, and in a series of larvae of

any species taken at the same time it is not unusual tc find specimens

which represent an almost continuous series of the changes which take

place. The most striking thing about the transformation is the devel-

opment of the imaginal head. In the earlier stages of its formation the

head with all its parts lies within the larval head; but gradually, as

growth proceeds, it is so withdrawn that the compound eyes lie outside

of the larval head and within the larval prothorax. The imaginal head

is generally conspicuously larger than that of the larva, which in a

measure explains why the complete transformation does not take place

within the latter. Miall and Hammond have dealt at considerable

length with the transformation here referred to.* It is exceptional to

find a species in which the head of the imago remains entirely within

that of the larva for the greater part of its period of formation, though

some cases of this kind are recorded.

f

I have not met with any species—even in Tanypincc, in which the

larval head is larger than in other groups—in which the head remains

long within the larval head after transformation begins, but I have

found one specimen which in some unaccountable way had failed to

withdraw the head in time, and, in consecjuence, the head with its mem-
bers was tightly compressed within the cavity of the larval head, the

neck being much elongated. The specimen was in alcohol, so that

it was impossible to say whether or not it could have successfully

emerged.

At the time of the emergence of the pupa the larval skin splits

longitudinally on the dorsum of the thoracic segment, and generally

along the middle of the dorsal surface of the head. Miall and Ham-
mond state that at this time the head splits along the central suture,!

which feature I have observed also, but in some cases both the dorsal

and ventral surfaces are ruptured. I have not sufficient material to de-

cide whether there is any distinguishing character in the rupturing of

the head in the different species or genera.

The Harlcqiiiu Fly, pp. 118-137. 1900.

tMiall anrl Hammoml, 1. c, p. 135.

}Loc. cit., p. 27.



Food of the LarvcE

The food of the larvae of Chironomiis consists of diatoms, algae,

and other vegetable matter. Tanypus is recorded as feeding upon the

smaller "blood worms" (Chironomiis spp.j, in addition to taking the

same food as the latter.

Cliaractors of the Pupa

In the Tanypincc the pupa resembles, in a general way, that of some
of the Cidicidcc, the thoracic segments being much swollen and carry-

ing a pair of simple respiratory organs on the front part, above the lo-

cation of the anterior spiracles of the enclosed imago. The zving cases

are distinctly separated from the sides of the thoracic segments as in

the Chiro no mince. The thoracic respiratory organs are simple in all

the genera with which I am acquainted except Chironomus. In this

genus they consist of a stalked base terminating in very numerous
threadlike filaments. The pup« of the Ceratopogonince may be readily

separated from those of other chironomids by the fact that the wing
cases adhere closely to the sides of the thoracic segments. The abdo-

men in all the species of the Ceratopogonince which I have examined
bears upon each segment either distinct bristles (in the terrestrial

forms) or protuberances (in the aquatic forms), and is of a chitinous

nature, retaining its form after the emergence of the imago. In the

other subfamilies the abdomen bears, at most, weak and numerous
dorsal setulas, and the whole pupal covering is of a soft nature, col-

lapsing after the emergence of the adult. In the terrestrial forms of

Ceratopogonince the pupa is not entirely withdrawn from the larval

skin, those species which I have examined in this stage, and also those

described by others, having the last 3-4 segments still enclosed within

the larval exuvia. Pupas of aquatic species of Ceratopogonince are

free-swimming forms which, according to observations made by mem-
bers of the office stafif here, must make their way ashore, or to some
dry surface, before the emergence of the adult. The apex of the abdo-

men in these last-mentioned forms is furcate, the branch on each side

rounded in cross-section, and tapering to an acute point. This form
of pupa is shown in Figure 5, Plate XVII. The apex of the abdomen
in Chironomincc and Tanypincc ends in two flattened processes which

are generally fringed with hairs. These, and other pupal structures,

are dealt with more fully under the dififerent genera and species

throughout this paper. In the species of Tanypincc and Chironomincc,

before the emergence of the adult the pupa rises to the surface of the

water, but, unlike the species of Ccratopogonina, it is not necessary

that it reach a dry surface before the emergence of the imago, which



287

occupies an incredibly short time, generally not more than five or six

seconds.

Cliaractcrs of tlic Iinagiiics

In tiiis paper I have divided the Chironomidcr into three subfam-

ilies, viz., Ccratopogonincc, Tauypincc, and Chiroiioinincc. In the Ccra-

topogonincc there are, as already indicated under the two previous

heads, two distinct groups. The known species of Forcipoiiiyia and of

Ccratopogon, sens, stric. of authors, have terrestrial larvse, or larvas

which are not truly aquatic, and which have many distinct spines or

bristles on the body. In imagines of this group there are generally

distinct hairs on the wings, and in practically all cases the apex of the

wing, at least, bears microscopic hairs. The empodium is always dis-

tinct, and generally large. The second group has, as far as is known,
larvae of a snakelike form, which are entirely aquatic, and wholly bare

except at the apex of the abdomen, where four pairs of long hairs are

generally present. Imagines of this second group have the wings bare,

or, in CuUcoidcs, with microscopic hairs, and the empodia indistin-

guishable or very small. In all species of Ccratopogonincc examined
by the writer the mouth parts are well developed, and have chitinized

piercing parts, whereas in Tanypincc and Cliironomina the mouth
parts are very poorly developed and not fitted for piercing.

The species of the group Tanypincc may be distinguished in the

larval stage from those of Cliironoinincc by the structure of the head,

which is dealt with at length in a subsequent part of this paper. In the

imagines of this group the characters which most readily separate its

species from those of Cliironoinincc are the 15-jointed antennae in both

sexes and the presence, near the middle of the wing, of a cross vein

which connects the cubitus with the media. One section of this sub-

family has the wings with surface hairs; the other section has the

wings bare. The insufficiency of material in hand does not permit my
forming an opinion as to whether this difference in the imagines is sup-

ported by corresponding differences in the larvre. The imagines in

Chirononiincc are distinguished from those of Tanypincc by the ab-

sence of the cross vein between the media and the cubitus and by the

8-jointed antennae of the females, and from those in Ccratopogonincc

by their more slender and elongated legs and by the structure of the

antenna and thorax. These distinctions are indicated in the generic

key presented in this paper. The only deviation from the above rule

is in the genus Diamcsa, which has the medio-cubital cross-vein pres-

ent on the wing, but the larva is essentially of the chironomid type, and
the adult female has only 8 antennal joints.



Food of the Imagines

The mouth parts of the imagines of most species in Tanypincc and
Chironomincc are poorly developed, and statements have been pub-
lished to the effect that in this stage they do not require food. Miall

and Hammond state that the mouth is "almost closed and feeding

seems to be impossible." * It is a fact, however, that in almost the

whole group the mouth parts are functional ; and that the many species

of these groups which may be seen on flower heads during the summer,
resort there to procure food is evident from their actions. It is well

known that the imagines of many species in Ccratopogonince re-

quire food, as already mentioned in the introductory remarks to this

paper, and the mouth parts in this subfamily are well developed. In a

previous paper published by the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural
History I have recorded an instance of a species, belonging to the

aquatic section of this subfamily, attacking a perlid.-j Walker states

that the species of Ceratopogonincc which have spinose femora feed

upon insects,t but does not indicate whether he had personal knowledge
of the fact, or to what particular species he referred. Gravely has re-

corded for a species which he refers to Citlicoides, an instance of its

sucking blood from a mosquito. § A summary of the published rec-

ords of this nature is given by Knab in the Proceedings of the Ento-
mological Society of Washington for 1914, volume 16, page 65.

There are few published records of the food habits of other Chiro-^

nomidcc, which is possibly due to the fact that the species are but im-
perfectly known and the difficulty in identifying most of them is so

great that few entomologists pay any attention to the family.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

In the preparation of this paper I have had to examine much ma-
terial belonging to genera and species which do not occur in Illinois,

and to the following gentlemen my thanks are due for assistance in sup-

plying that material : W. L. McAfee, U. S. Bureau of Biological Sur-
vey; J. M. Aldrich, U. S. Bureau of Entomology; E. T. Cresson, Jr.,

*The Harlequin Fly, p. 9.

tBuU. 111. State. Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. X, Art. IV, p. 216.

{Insecta Britanniea, Diptera, Vol. 3, 1856, p. 207.

$" Early in December, 1910, when some of the officers of the Indian Museum vis-

ited Port Canning, in the Sunderbunds, we found a mosquito (Mijzomi/ia rossi) on
one side of whose abdomen a small Chironomid fly was sitting, evidently imbibing
nourishment from it. So tight was its hold that it retained its position when put into
spirit, and it was successfully 'cleared' in situ. The proboscis of the Chironomid

—

which appears to belong to the genus Culicoides—was then seen to be well embedded
in the tissues of the mosquito, removing all doubt as to the object of the association
of the flies together. "—Ree. Ind. Mus., Vol. 6 (1911), p. 45.



Academv of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; and Prof. T. D. A. Cock-

erell, Boulder, Colo. To W. R. Walton, U. S. Bureau of Entomology,

I owe thanks for assistance in various ways.

Prof. O. A. Johannsen submitted his unidentified specimens of

Ceratopogonincc and examples of several species described by himself,

acknowledgments of which are inserted in the text. Mr. C. W'. John-

son kindly examined the type of Bezzia opaca Loew at Cambridge.

Mass., at my request, and supplied information thereon.

Keys to Subfamilies

LARV^

1. Abdominal segments with stout spines, generally some of them
lanceolate or pectinate; both anterior and posterior pseudopods
present

;
generally living under bark, in decaying wood, under

cow manure, or in the nests of Hymcnoptera, rarely on submerged
logs Ceratopogonina', pt.

— Abdominal segments usually bare, at most with weak hairs
;
pseudo-

pods present or absent ; aquatic in habit 2

2. Both anterior and posterior (thoracic and anal) pseudopods absent

;

snakelike larvce Ceratopogonina', pt.

— Both pairs of pseudopods present 3

3. Labial plate generally retracted, elongate in form, the apex slightly

dilated and with 7 teeth or less ; antennae elongate, retractile within

the head for almost their entire length ; head generally elongated

;

ventral blood-gills never present Tanypince.

— Labial plate never retracted, its position always beneath the labial

papilla?, the apex with generally more than 7 teeth, or if the apex
is narrowed the teeth are carried, more or less distinctly, along the

lateral margins, and the sides diverge posteriorly, so that the apex
never presents a spatulate appearance ; head generally about equal

in breadth and length ; antennae not retractile ; ventral blood-gills

sometimes present in Cliironomus CMronomina'.

Thorax and abdomen with long spinelike processes on dorsum ; body
enclosed on last 2-3 segments within the larval exuvia; terres-

trial forms Ceratopogonin(v, pt.

Thorax without spinelike processes; bod.y generally entirely freed

from the larval exuvia ; aquatic forms 2

Abdomen with leaflike or spinose dorsal processes; wing cases ad-

herent to sides of thorax; the skin chitinous, retaining its form
after emergence of the adult ; last segment of the abdomen ending
in two rounded, tapering processes which are not ciliated

Ceratogoponina', pt.



290

— Abdomen with, at most, groups of setulse on the dorsum ; wing cases

distinctly separated from sides of thorax, flaplike; the skin not

chitinous, collapsing after emergence of adult ; last segment of ab-

domen generally ending in two flattened leaflike organs which
are usually ciliated along their edges 3

3. Thoracic respiratory organs consisting of two or three main stems

terminating in many threadlike filaments CliironomincF, pt.

— Thoracic respiratory organs consisting of one simple stem which is

diversely shaped in the different species 4

4. Thoracic segments much distended, thoracic respiratory organs sit-

uated well forward and generally swollen ; abdomen flattened, re-

sembling the pupffi of CorethriruB Tanypinw.
— Thoracic segments slightly distended; thoracic respiratory organs

situated well fonvard, but generally elongated ; abdomen rounded,

resembling the ordinary form in Chironomus . . CMronomince, pt.

IMAGINES

1. Thorax not projecting over head, sternopleura not particularly en-

larged nor descending much below apices of fore coxae; antennae

in both sexes with 15 joints; medio-cubital cross vein absent; me-
dia with 2 branches

;
proboscis heavily chitinized

Ceratopogondnai.

— Thorax distinctly projecting over head ; sternopleura much enlarged

and descending considerably below apices of fore coxffi; antennae

either with 15 joints in both sexes (Tanypinw) or the female with

8 or less (CMronomina) ; medio-cubital cross vein present or ab-

sent ; media simple or with 2 branches
;
proboscis fleshy, not chi-

tinized 2

2. Medio-cubital cross vein present; antennae in both sexes with

15 joints Tanypincc.

— Medio-cubital cross vein absent, or if that vein is present the an-

tenna of the female with at most 8 joints CMronomince.

CERATOPOGONIN^
Larval Characters

The larvae of the terrestrial and semiaquatic forms of this subfam-

ily are readily separated from those of any other genus in the family

Chironomidcc by the presence of very distinct, regularly arranged bris-

tles on the thoracic and abdominal segments. In many instances some

of these bristles are lanceolate, or at times branched, and their arrange-

ment is invariably the same in the individuals of a species, while dif-

ferent species are, as far as now known, distinct in the disposition of

the bristles. The antennje are distinct, not retractile (PI. XVIII, Fig.

15), the mandibles are distinctly toothed, the teeth generally three in



291

number. Both thoracic and anal pseudopods are present and well de-

veloped, both pairs being armed with two circles of claws, those in the

apical circle being different in shape, and sometimes in color, from

those of the subapical circle. There are no protruded dorsal respira-

tory organs such as are present in the aquatic forms in Tanypiiuv and

Chironomincc. The true aquatic forms in this subfamily are easily

distinguished from those of the other subfamilies by their snakelike

appearance. The pseudopods are absent, and there are no hairs on the

body except at the anal end, where there are generally four pairs, which

are probably sensory in nature. The head is elongate, subconical, in

shape ; the antenna; are very small and rather rudimentary, apparently

consisting of two joints ; the mandibles have a slight protuberance on

the inner surface near the middle, but no distinct teeth ; and the labium

is very simple in form and without teeth on its anterior margin.

In transforming to the pupal stage the terrestrial forms do not en-

tirely free themselves from the larval exuvije, the three or four apical

segments of the abdomen generally remaining within the skin; but

the acjuatic pupje are invariably freed from the exuviae.

Pupal Characters

The pupae of the terrestrial forms may be readily separated from
any other Chiroiioiiiidcc by their distinct spinose armature. The thorax

has usually several bristles on the dorsum, while the abdominal seg-

ments are invariably similarly armed. The wing cases are slightly sep-

arated apically from the sides of the body in some species, but not so

distinctly as in the other subfamilies, while in others they are very

closely pressed against its side. The last abdominal segment ends in two
elongate, conical unfringed processes. The pups of the aquatic forms
present quite a striking contrast to their snakelike larvje, since all the

species as far as recorded have the abdominal segments conspicuously

tuberculate, or with small leaflike appendages, as shown in Figure 5,

Plate XVII. The thoracic respiratory organs are trumpet- or tube-

shaped and rather conspicuous. The last abdominal segment is fur-

cate, as in the terrestrial forms, but the branches are divergent instead

of parallel. From observations made by Mr. C. A. Hart and the

writer it appears that the pupx of the aquatic species are obliged to

leave the water to permit the emergence of the imago, and are able to

make their way over sand, or other surface, to obtain a solid location

for this purpose. During a field trip in April, 1914, which included

visits to various rivers at points in the southern half of the state, Mr.
Hart and the author found in nearly all these localities large numbers
of pupae of these aquatic forms floating on the surface of the rivers.



292

At Rattlesnake Ferry, on the Big Muddy River near Grand Tower,

the pup£e were very common, and from a log which was floating in the

stream, many specimens were obtained by the simple expedient of im-

mersing the exposed portion of the log, when the pupae immediately

floated ofif and were readily seen and captured in the water. Many
pupffi were also obtained from the surface of a box moored in the

river, some specimens being several inches above the water-level. In

cases where the author has reared the species it has been observed that

the pupae had no difficulty in making their way up the side of the vials

or bottles in which they were kept, and no imago has yet been observed

emerging from a pupa which was not at least partly clear of the water.

It may be mentioned, however, that in the case of Culicoides vari-

peniiis Coquillett no observations were possible owing to the absence

of the author on field work at the time of the emergence of the adult.

Several specimens of Palpomyia longipcnnis Loew have been reared in

vials in this office, and in all cases the pupae have remained partly sub-

merged in the water at the time of emergence of the imago. It is pos-

sible that the surface of the glass proved too slippery for this species,

though it presented no difficulty to large numbers of pupae of Johann-

scnomyia caiidelli Coquillett and /. flavidida Malloch.

iMAGiNAt Characters

The antennae in both sexes in this subfamily are 15-jointed, the

last three to five joints in most species being very distinctly elongated;

in the male the antennal plumes are long and numerous, in the female

short and sparse. Proboscis in most species well developed in the fe-

males, less developed in the males; palpi with four or five joints.

Thorax and abdomen in some species with long more or less scalelike

hairs, in others with only a few short fine hairs ; hypopygium as in Fig-

ures 2 and 7, Plate XIX. Thorax not protruding over head. Legs

rather stout, not elongated, their surfaces in some genera with con-

spicuous hairs, in others with short black thorns on the ventral surfaces

of some or all of the femora, or almost bare ; empodium present or ab-

sent ; tarsal claws short and equal, or elongated and subequal, or un-

equal in length. Wings either with surface hairs, or bare ; venation as

in Figures 1-12, Plate XXII.
The keys here given for species of this subfamily include larvae

and pupae of those species which have been described from North

America. Owing to the rather unsatisfactory descriptions of the

imagines of most species described from the same area, and to the

fact that but few of them occur in the collection before me I have not

attempted to give complete keys for imagines of the species of Cera-



topogon, Culicoidcs, or Forcipomyia. The probability is that a large

number of species belonging to these genera occur in Illinois, but their

small size, coupled with the difficulty in preserving and identifying

them, deters most entomologists from collecting them, and with only

the material recently collected by Mr. Hart and myself before me I

do not consider it advisable to attempt making keys to these genera that

might serve for the identification of all the described North American

species.

Keys to Gener.v
,

All segments with distinct bristles
;
pseudopods present

Ceratopogon and Forcipomyia.

All segments without bristles
;
pseudopods absent

Culicoides, and Palpomyia, sens. lat.

Thorax and abdomen with distinct bristles or spines

Culicoides, Ceratopogon, and Forcipomyia.

Thorax without any spines, abdomen with tubereulate or leaflike

protuberances on segments Palpomyia, sens. lat.

Wings with distinct surface hairs, either in the form of short, up-

right microscopic setulae or as broad decumbent scales 2

Wings bare 5

Thorax with a distinct slitlike or circular depression on each side of

disc slightly posterior to the inner extremity of preseutum
Culicoides (p. 295)

.

Thorax without these depressions 3

Wings with distinct decumbent scales on entire surface 4

Wings with short, upright setulose hairs which are usually confined

to apical half; empodium large Ceratopogon (p. 304).

Hairs on wings rather sparse, basal joint of hind tarsus twice the

length of second ; apical 4 antennal joints of male elongated and,

except the last one, binodose Pseudoculicoides (p. 309).

Hairs on wings very dense, particularly in females; basal joint of

hind tarsus not, or very slightly, longer than second ; apical 3-4

antennal joints of male elongated, not binodose
Forcipomyia (p. 311)

.

First and third veins connected by a cross vein or fused basally ... 6

First and third veins disconnected for their entire length 10

At least one pair of femora with distinct ventral spines 7

Femora without ventral spines 9



294

7. Generally more than one pair of femora with spines; neither fore

nor hind femora noticeablj' thickened Palpomyia (p. 319).
— Only fore or hind femora with spines, the spinose pair perceptiblj'

thickened 8

8. Fore femora thickened and spinose Heteromyia (p. 324).
— Hind femora much thickened and spinose. . . .Serromyia (p. 331).

9. Media sessile Joliannsenomyia (p. 332)

.

— Media petiolate Hartomyia (p. 339)

.

10. At least one pair of femora with ventral spines 11
— Femora not spinose 12

11. Media sessile Bezzia (p. 345)

.

— Media petiolate Pseudohezzia (p. 351)

.

12. Media sessile Probezzia (p. 352)

.

— Media petiolate Parahezzia (p. 358)

.

N. B. The genus Atricliopogon is distinguished by the bare wings and distinct

empodia. I have seen no species belonging to this genus.

Keys to Larv^ and Pup^ of North American Species
OF Ceratopogon and Forcipomyia*

Body slightly flattened, deep lateral incisions between the abdominal
segments, each segment with a lateral, pointed elongation, as shown
in Figure 4, Plate XVII, body bristles simple, neither lanceolate

nor branched C. fusculus.

Body rounded, in cross-section, incisions between the segments not

deep, body bristles not all simple 2

Dorsal bristle and the anterior one of the dorso-lateral pair thick-

ened at base, tapering to well beyond the middle
F. stenammatus*

Dorsal bristle spear- or club-shaped, thicker beyond middle than at

base 3

One dorso-lateral bristle, the usual posterior dorso-lateral one being

on a horizontal level with the lateral bristle, so that there may be

said to be 2 lateral bristles F. brunialis*

F. cilipes.

Two dorso-lateral bristles present, situated on a distinct ridgelike

prominence, lateral bristle much below the level cf both 4

Dorsal bristles very short and leaflike F. wTieeleri*

Dorsal bristles elongated, at least six times as long as their greatest

breadth 5

Dorsal bristle club-shaped, or spatulate, the broadest part beyond
middle 6

Dorsal bristle spear-shaped, its broadest part slightly before the

middle (PI. XVIII, Fig. 17) F. specularis.

"Species marlied with an asterislt are unknown to me except by description.



295

6. Dorsal bristle with apical part rounded F. fexanxis*

— Dorsal bristle with apex pointed F. pergandei.

1. Thoracic respiratory organs shoe-shaped C. fusculus.

— Thoracic respiratory organs drumstick-like 2

2. Abdomen with a pair of spines on segments 2 to 4, those on the lat-

ter much shorter than the other pairs F. ivheeleri*

— All the segments which are exposed beyond the larval exuvia with

spines, which are not limited to one pair on each segment 3

3. Bristles on abdomen very short and inconspicuous; no spine on

head \
F. hrumalis*

\ F. cilipes.

— At least some of the bristles on abdomen long and conspicuous 4
4. A distinct spine present on either side of head 5
— Head without a distinct spine F. sienammatus*
5. Dorsal and dorso-lateral abdominal bristles very unequal in size;

ventral surface of abdominal segments 3-5 with a short spine

at middle F. specularis.

— Dorsal and dorso-lateral abdominal bristles not noticeably different

in size ; no ventral spine present F. pergandei.

CuLiCoiDES Latreille

Ciilicoidcs has generally been distinguished from Ccratopogon,

in the restricted sense, by the small size of the empodia as compared
with the size of the tarsal claws. In no species which I have retained

in Ciilicoidcs have I found distinct empodia, and but for the fact that

my material is rather scanty I should not hesitate to indicate their ab-

sence as a character for distinguishing the genus. I have, however,

found a character by which the genus may readily be separated from

its allies, which is both easily appreciable and of real phylogenetic

value. This character is the presence, on the anterior portion of the

thoracic disc, of a pair of distinct cavities or depressed areas (PI.

XXIII, Figs. 1-3) which I believe are sensory organs of some func-

tional value to the species. These cavities are remarkably conspicuous

in all species having the disc of the thorax gray pruinose, and are very

easily detected even with a low-power lens. I have dissected several

species in an unsuccessful effort to discover whether they are con-

nected with tracheee. I have, however, established the fact that the

surface of the oval or slitlike cavity is either finely perforated or has

many minute areas of extremely thin membrane, which fact seems to

justify the opinion that they are functional. Most of the species of

Culicoidcs which I have seen have, like pulicaris Linne, spotted wings,



the surface hairs very minute and erect, and the basal joint of the tarsi

much longer than the second. In two species described herewith the

wings are unspotted.

The larvae are aquatic in habit, and as far as known all of the spe-

cies are bloodsuckers in the adult stage.

Key to Species in State Labor.\tory Collection

1. Wings clear, entirely unspotted 2
— Wings distinctly spotted 3

2. Mesonotum with numerous small brown dots arranged in irregular

longitudinal series 1. multipunctatiis.

Mesonotum with a few large brown marks (PI. XXIII, Fig. 3) . . .

.

2. MeroglypMcus.
3. Mesonotum with numerous small brown dots arranged in irregular

longitudinal series ; wing as in Figure 2, Plate XXII
3. varipennis.

— Mesonotum with large Ijrown marks on a grayish brown ground,
or whitish pruineseent marks on a brown ground 4

4. Mesonotum marked with white as in Figure 1, Plate XXIII 5

— Mesonotum either indistinctly marked or with dark brown marks . . 6

5. Anterior branch of media with a white spot close to base (PI. XXII,
Fig. 4) 4. guttipennis.

— Anterior branch of media without white spot near base

5. stellifer.

6. Spots on wings indistinct (PI. XXII, Fig. 3) ; mesonotum without

well-defined marks; hypopygium as in Figure 13, Plate XX
6. sanguisugus.

— Spots on wings clearly defined ; mesonotum with well-defined brown
marks 7

7. Wings with the clear spots rather small, the spot beyond the one at

apex of third vein situated at the apex of anterior branch of me-
dia, and like the outer one in the second and third posterior cells

touching the margin of the wing (PI. XXII, Fig. 6)

7. Jimnafopotus.
— Wings with the clear spots large, the spot beyond the one at apex of

third vein situated distinctly before apex of first posterior cell, the

outer spot in second and third posterior cells separated from mar-
gin of wing (PI. XXII, Fig. 7) 8. crepnscularis.

I. CULICOIDES MULTIPUNCTATUS, n. Sp.

Female.—Opaque gray. Head brownish; antennae and palpi pale

brown, the former yellowish towards base. Thorax densely covered

with gray pruinescence, the disc of mesonotum with numerous small

brown dots arranged in three longitudinal series, the median one con-

sisting of three rows of regularly rounded small dots which are dis-



•297

continued at middle of disc—being represented on the flattened pos-

terior half by a few scattered dots—and a row of confluent dots on
either side of this median series, forming a narrow line which skirts

the depressed posterior area laterally, and there are also, between this

line and the lateral margin, many irregularly arranged dots, some iso-

lated and others forming confluent groups; scutellum brown. Abdo-
men opaque brown, the surface with slight gray pruinescence. Legs
obscurely yellowish, with ill-defined brownish suffusion on femora and
tibise. \\'ings clear, costal, first, and third veins brown, the others vit-

reous. Halteres yellowish white.

Eyes separated; antenna longer than head and thorax together,

apical five joints slightly elongated ; antepenultimate joint of palpi

much swollen. Disc of mesonotum with short yellow hairs, each sit-

uated in one of the brown dots ; scutellum with about 6 hairs. Legs
normal in strength and armature. Third vein ends slightly beyond
middle of wing, its apex and apex of costa swollen; first vein very

close to third, the connecting vein broad ; in other respects, except the

maculation, as saiigiiisiigus.

Length, i mm.
Tvpe localitv, Urbana, 111., October 2-3, 1914. at light (C. A. Hart

and J. R. Malloch).

2. CULICOIDES HIEROGLYPHICUS, n. Sp.

Female.—Dift'ers from iiuiltif^unctatus in the thoracic ornamenta-

tion. The disc of the thorax is marked with large brown spots, as

shown in Figure 3, Plate XXIH, and much resembles in this respect

crepiiscularis, from which the entirely unspotted wings readily sep-

arate it.

The eyes are very narrowly separated. In other respects the spe-

cies agrees closely in structure with multipimctatus.

Length, 1-1.25 mm.
Type locality, Ash Creek, Graham Mountain, Arizona, altitude

3200 feet, May 30, 1914 (E. G. Holt). Type in collection of V. S.

Bureau of Biological Survey. Paratypes in collection of this Labora-

tory.

3. CuLicoiDES VARiPEXxis Coquillctt

Ceratopogon varipennis Coquillett, Proc. V. S. Xat. Miis.. 1902. Vol. 23, p. 94.

Larva.—Not described. Aquatic. \'ermiform.

Pupa.—Length, 3.5 mm. Brownish yellow. Thoracic respiratory

organs long and slender, their length at least equal to distance from
anterior extremity of head to wing-base, shaped as in Figure 17, Plate



298

XX, 6 small circular spots at apices evidently indicate breathing aper-

tures, apical portion distinctly geniculated to the elongate base ; 2 pairs

of short thornlike tubercles anterior to respiratory organ, and 2 small-

er closely placed pairs on middle of thorax (Fig. ii) ; abdominal seg-

ments with distinct tubercles situated as shown in Figures ii and 12;

apical segment as in Figure 13.

Imago; Male.—Black, densely covered with gray pruinescence.

Head black ; antennae brown, the plumes yellow. Disc of mesonotum
with numerous small dark brown dots arranged as follows—a straight

median line of small ones, a submedian row on either side consisting of

irregularly placed subconfluent groups of from 2 to 4, the area on

which they occur broadening and the spots becoming more sparse pos-

teriorly ; bordering this area there is a regular line of smaller dots sim-

ilar to the median line, and on the lateral margins numerous slightly

larger dots, those near the middle being surrounded by a brownish

suffusion ; scutellum yellow, centrally with a broad brown mark. Ab-

domen dull black. Legs brown, marked with pale yellowish white

bands as follows—fore femora, at base, middle, and near apex, and

all tibiae near their bases ; bases of mid and hind femora and apices of

all tarsi broadly pale. Wings as in Figure 2, Plate XXII. Halteres

brown, the apices of knobs broadly pale.

Eyes narrowly separated, antennae with the basal joint globose,

only the last three joints much elongated (PI. XX, Fig. 8), entire

length of antenna equal to one and a fourth that of head and thorax

combined. The brown spots on disc of mesonotum each with a dis-

tinct hair; scutellum with sparse short hairs. Abdomen slender, the

surface hairs short and fine ; hypopygium as in Figure 6. Legs slender,

surface hairs on mid and hind tibiae longer than on other portions;

basal joint of hind tarsi as long as the combined length of the remain-

ing joints; fourth joint about half as long as fifth; claws small, the

base slightly produced (PI. XX, Fig. 15).

Female.—Differs from the male in laeing rather more robust, in

having the antennae about equal in length to the head and thorax to-

gether, third joint of flagellum as in Figure 14, Plate XX. In other

respects as the male.

Length, 2-2.5 mm.
Illinois localities: St. Joseph, Urbana, Dubois, Ashley, Carmi,

Cuba, Centralia, Manchester, and Normal. All the specimens I have

before me were taken in April and May with the exception of one

male which I beat from an evergreen tree at Manchester, July 11, 19 14.

The St. Joseph record refers to a larva which the writer obtained

from Salt Fork and which he succeeded in rearing. The larval skin



was lost, but the pupa was preserved and the accompanying drawings

were made from the specimen.

This species belongs to the same group as ptilicaris Linne of Eu-

rope, and is a persistent biter. On April 15, 1914, the writer was bitten

by this species at Carmi, on the Little Wabash River. It was in the

afternoon, contrary to the general custom of these species, as they gen-

erally fly in the evening, and the red spot produced by the bite was no-

ticeable for at least five hours. The species is larger than piilicaris, and

the bite more severe, as the writer can testify from his own experience.

At Dubois both sexes of varipcnnis were beaten from an evergreen

plant—a favorite resting place for most of the species according to the

writer's knowledge of their habits both here and in Europe—and sub-

sequently a large series of females was taken on a horse which was left

in the yard for a short time. It was early in the afternoon when these

were taken, but immediately after a slight shower and when the sun

was not shining. All were taken on the lee side of the horse, but

whether they approached from that direction was not ascertained. An
examination of some cows which had just come in from the fields

produced a few specimens, mostly attached to the tender parts close

to the upper extremities of the legs. It was somewhat difficult to de-

tach the flies, as they bore well amongst the hair and retain their hold

very firmly. While many specimens of this species were obtained

from the horse when it was near the house, only one was taken from it

when it was in the woods a mile or so from the house. There, the

species most common was saiigiiisugits Coquillett, the habits of which

are mentioned in the notes on that species (pp. 301-302).

Two males and one female were taken at light at Mr. Hinkley's

farm, Dubois, April 24, 1914.

Varipcnnis was described by Coquillett from specimens obtained

at Las Vegas Hot Springs, N. M. I have examined specimens of this

species in the collection of the U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey

taken on Graham Mountain, Arizona, in May and June, 1914, some of

them at an altitude of 3200 feet.

4. CuLicoiDES GUTTiPENNis Coquillctt

Ceratopogon guttipennis Coquillett, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1901, Vol. 23, p. 603.

Female.—Blackish brown, subopaque. Head blackish brown, base

of flagellum of antennae pale brown. Mesonotum with whitish prui-

nescence forming the following marks : a pair of central vitt^e on the

anterior half which are indistinctly connected with a pair of large

spots posteriorly, the latter dilated anteriorly, and each with a small

enclosed black area; reaching to posterior margin, laterad of these



300

marks, there is a row of three spots, the posterior one on posterior

hiteral angle of disc, the second sHghtly beyond middle, and the an-

terior one in transverse line with the posterior extremity of the dis-

tinct portion of the central vittse; in transverse line with the sec-

ond spot and slightly laterad of it there is a similar spot, and anterior

to it and in transverse line with the space between the second and an-

terior spots of the inner row there is another; anterior and lateral

margins also with distinct pruinescence; scutellum with a whitish

pruinose spot on each side (PI. XXIII, Fig. i). Abdomen with indi-

cations of a lateral series of black spots, one on each segment. Legs
brown, mid and hind femora with a narrow subapical ring, all tibia;

with a basal ring, the apices of mid and hind tibiae, and the tarsi mostly

yellowish. Wings as in Figure 4, Plate XXII. Halteres pale yellow.

Eyes contiguous; antennae slender, basal eight joints of flagellum

distinctly longer than their diameter (2 : i), sensory hairs about one

and a half times as long as the joints, whitish, apical five joints much
elongated, ninth more than twice as long as eighth, apical joint slightly

swollen and about one fourth longer than subapical, entire length of

antenna nearly twice that of head and thorax combined ; antepenulti-

mate segment of palpi much as in sanguisugus. Mesonotum with sparse

pale discal hairs, and a few longer black bristles on margins and on

spaces between the vitta; and the submedian row of spots; scutellum

with about 6 long and a few short hairs. Legs slender, hind tibiae and
basal joint of hind tarsi with long hairs ; basal joint of hind tarsi as

long as the next three combined ; fifth joint about one and a half times

as long as fourth; empodium indistinguishable; claws small, equal,

about half as long as fifth joint, untoothed.

Length, 1.5 mm.
Illinois locality, Dubois, April 27, 1914. Taken with sanguisugus

on a horse by the writer. One specimen.

Originally described from specimens obtained at Medina, Ohio.

Early stages undescribed.

5. CuLicoiDES STEtLiFER Coquillett

Ceratopogon stellifer Coquillett, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1901, Vol. 23, p. 603.

Male.—Similar to guttipennis in general markings. The white

pruinose marks on the thorax are upon the same lines but compara-
tively larger and more generally confluent. Legs yellow, with brown
bands on middle of femora, on knees, beyond base of tibiae, on apices

of tibiae, and at bases of tarsi. Wing-markings as in Figure 5, Plate

XXIL



301

Antenna one and a half times as long as head and thorax together.

Mesonotum with a few brown hairs on anterior and lateral margins

;

scutellar hairs setulose, sparse. Hypopygium much as in liccmatopotus.

Legs slender, the surface hairs sparse and short. Wings narrow, the

surface with distinct though minute hairs.

Female.—Similar to the male except that the wing markings are

more sharply defined and the clear spots much smaller, with a tendency
to have the small spot at apex of first posterior cell indistinct or ab-

sent, and the resemblance to guttipennis in wing-markings more pro-

nounced though the white spot near base of anterior branch of media
is always absent.

Length, 1-1.25 mm.
Illinois locality, Urbana, 111., June 6-19, 1914. Taken on window

in Natural History Building, LTniversity of Illinois (J. R. Malloch).
Originally described by Coquillett from the District of Columbia,

I have before me a female specimen taken at light at South Haven,
Mich., July 15, 1914, by Mr. Hart.

6. CuucoiDEs sAXGuisuGus Coquillett

Ceratopogon sanguisuga Coquillett, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., 1901, Vol. 23, p. 604.

The early stages of this species are unknown to the writer, but one
is reasonably safe in assuming the larva to be aquatic in habit.

Male.—Blackish brown, subopaque. Head black, antennas yellow-

ish on basal half of flagellum, the plumes yellow. Anterior lateral

angles of mesonotum pale brown; disc with grayisii pruinescence, a

small black spot near to anterior margin and lateral angle, a narrow
indistinct central stripe which is almost connected with two elongate

spots at middle, and two elongate submedian spots which do not ex-

tend to either anterior or posterior margins ; scutellum black. Abdo-
men blackish brown. Legs varying from brown to yellow, without
defined pale or dark markings. Wings as in female (PI. XXII,
Fig-3)-

Eyes contiguous ; antenna one and a half times as long as head and
thorax combined, apical four joints as in Figure 4, Plate XX. Meso-
notum rather weakly and sparsely haired. Hypopygium as in Figure
18. Legs slender, the surfaces with moderately long hairs ; basal joint

of hind tarsus as long as the next two joints combined; fourth and
fifth subequal; claws swollen at base, equal, half as long as fifth joint.

Female.—Differs from the male in being rather smaller and more
robust ; in having antennae about one fourth longer than the head and
thorax combined, the first eight joints of flagellum subequal in length,

shape as in Figure 9, Plate XX, the last five gradually increasing in



302

length to apex, the apical joint being distinctly the longest
;
palpus as in

Figure lo. In other respects similar to the male.

Length, 1.25—1.75 mm.
Illinois localities : St. Joseph, Urbana, Carbondale, Dubois, Grand

Tower—April, May, October, and November 29.

Originally described from Marlboro, Md., and recorded as biting

man.
At Dubois this species was found in company with varipettnis har-

boring in evergreens during the day, and attacking a horse in the

woods. Mr. C. A. Hart was bitten on the hand by this species at his

house in Urbana, and several examples were taken at light at the same
place. Large numbers of specimens of both sexes were taken at light

on store windows in Urbana in October, 19 14, by Mr. Hart and the

writer.

A species submitted by Prof. J. J. F. X. King, from Scotland, is

very close to, if not identical with sanguisugns.

7. CULICOIDES Hv^MATOPOTUS, n. Sp.

Male.—As to marking of thorax this species differs from crepus-

ciilaris in having the central vitta less clearly defined, especially on the

dilated posterior portion, in having the submedian spots on posterior

half of disc larger, and in having the lateral irregular spot on anterior

half carried well over the thoracic cavity backward from the latter to

meet the elongate curved spot, and at its lateral extremity distinctly

connecting with it, leaving only a small rounded spot of the pale

pruinescence. The pale preapical bands on femora and subbasal band
on tibiae are generally quite distinct. Wings as in Figure 6, Plate

XXII.
Structurally, very closely resembles crcpuscularis. Antennal joints

12-15 as in Figure 5, Plate XX. Hypopygium as in Figure 3. Basal

joint of hind tarsus slightly longer than the next two joints combined;

fifth joint one half longer than fourth ; claws as in varipennis.

Female.—Similar in coloration to the male.

Eyes narrowly separated ; antenna about a third longer than head

and thorax combined, apical three joints elongated. Abdomen stouter

than in the male, and the wings broader and more distinctly spotted.

Otherwise as male.

Length, 1-1.5 mm.
Type locality, Urbana, 111., May 24, 1914. Taken by the writer

at light (male) and in the act of biting hands (female). Several other

females were taken at light at same time, the place bemg the center of

the city. A single paratype was taken by the writer June 30 on a win-



dow of the Laboratory of Natural History at Urbana, and one was
captured at Muncie, 111., May 24. 19 14, on the bank of Stony Creek.

Male paratype on slide—Canada balsam.

Nothing is known of the early stages.

Hccmatopotus and crcpuscularis are closely related to stelUfer Co-
quillett, but may be separated from it by the wing and thoracic mark-
ings. The sketches given herewith (PI. XXII. Figs. 6, 7) represent

the normal markings of the wings of hccmatopotus and crepuscularis,

but occasionally the spot in the fourth posterior cell is larger, and the

upper half dilated on the inner side, giving it the appearance of two
coalescent spots, while the spot at apex of the anal cell is sometimes
distinctly divided at the middle.

C. phlchotonuis W'illiston is closely related to hwmatopotus and cre-

piiscitlaris, differing slightly in wing markings and in color of abdo-
men and legs. Phlebotomus occurs in St. \'incent, \\'est Indies, and is

said to be "the common 'sand-fly' about the southern end of the island,

but is not very troublesome. Bites late in the afternoon, before sun-

set; sometimes during the heat of the day."

—

U'illiston.

8. CUUCOIDES CREPUSCULARIS, n. Sp.

Male.—Blackish brown, opaque. Head black, basal half of anten-

nal flagellum pale brownish yellow, plumes yellowish, the short hairs on
apical antennal joints white; palpi brown. Mesonotum covered with

dense yellowish gray pruinescence, and marked with brown as follows

:

a central vitta on anterior half which generally assumes a diamond
shape posteriorly, an elongate spot on each side of the median line on
posterior half which does not reach posterior margin and falls short of

the transverse line of the apex of central vitta, a small spot on center of

posterior margin, an elongate lateral spot which is dilated laterad at

both extremities, the center of which is in transverse line with the space

between the apex of central vitta and anterior extremity of submedian

spot, a large irregularly shaped spot which extends from the depressed

area nearly to the wing-base, close along the lateral margin, being gen-

erally connected with the curved spot at the anterior extremity of the

submedian spot by a very fine line, and a pair of spots on the anterior

margin which generally connect with the central vitta at its anterior

extremity; scutellum with a brown central spot (PI. XXIII, Fig. 2).

Abdomen opaque blackish brown, the depressions on segments glossy.

Legs varying from yellowish to dark brown, generally with a paler

preapical band on femora and one on bases of tibiae, and the tarsi

yellowish. \Mngs as in Figure 7, Plate XXII. Halteres yellow, knob

white.



304

Eyes contiguous; antenna about one third longer than head and
thorax combined, only the apical three joints distinctly elongated, as in

Figure 7, Plate XX. Hairs on mesonotum short. Hypopygium as in

Figure 16, Plate XX. Legs slender ; hind tibiae with rather long hairs

;

basal joint of hind tarsi as long as the next three joints combined;
fourth over two thirds as long as fifth ; claws simple, short, not more
than half as long as fifth joint.

Female.—Agrees with male in color. Eyes narrowly separated;

antenna about one third longer than head and thorax combined, the

last five joints elongated, the apical three slightly more elongated than

the two preceding, sensory hairs curved, as long as the joints; the en-

larged palpal joint with its thickest part at middle, rather oviform, the

last two joints very short and closely fused. Otherwise as the male
except that the wings are, as usual, much broader and more distinctly

spotted.

Length, 1.5 mm.
Type locality, Dubois, 111., April 24, 19 14, male. Allotypes from

Urbana, May 18-24 and October 9, the last two dates at light; and
from St. Joseph, May 3, 1914. Specimens taken by Chas. A. Hart
and the writer. Paratypes and allotype from South Haven, Mich.,

July 15, 1914, at light (C. A. Hart). These latter specimens as com-
pared with the Illinois specimens, have the thoracic markings reduced

slightly and paler in color. A single paratype is in the collection of the

U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey, from Graham Mt., Arizona, 3200
feet. May 30, 191 4.

Ceratopogon Meigen

The species of Ceratopogon, in the restricted sense, are not numer-
ous in Illinois, but two of the species are very widely distributed and
common. The larva of one species only is known to me. Nothing is

known of the habits of the Illinois species in the adult stage. Johann-
sen has described eqiies, which either belongs to this genus or to Pseu-

dociilicoides, and records it as attacking a bat.* The present writer has

usually been able to obtain adult specimens by sweeping vegetation

near to streams, and many have been taken on windows of houses in

the daytime or on store windows at night, after the lights were
turned on.

KIey to Illinois Species

1. Seutellum yellow, contrasting with the much darker color of the mes-

onotum 2
— Seutellum brown or black, concolorous with disc of mesonotum ... 3

'Bull. 124, N. Y. State Mus., 1908, p. 266.



Larger species, 1.75-2 mm.; anterior lateral angles of mesonotiim

inconspicuously or not at all yellow in female ; antennse with sec-

ond joint and basal joint of flagellum yellow in female, only the

apical 3 joints in male conspicuousl.y elongated 1. fusculus.

Smaller species, 1-1.5 mm. ; anterior lateral angles of mesonotum in

female generally bi-oadly yellow, and occasionally a patch of yel-

low in front of scutellum also ; antennae with base fuscous in fe-

male, the apical 4 joints in male conspicuously elongated. .2. levis.

Wing with first vein almost fused with third, not quite reaching

middle of third; antepenultimate joint of antenna in male about a

third longer than preceding joint (15 : 11) 3. fusinervis.

Wing with first vein distinctly separated from thii'd, connected with

it by a cross vein and less than a third the length of third ; ante-

penultimate joint of antenna in male nearly twice as long as pre-

ceding joint (17 : 9) 4. peregrinus.

Comparative Lengths of Apical four Antennal Joints of Males.*



portions of the segments; abdominal segments, except the last two,

with two longitudinal brown lines which occupy a submedian position

and converge slightly posteriorly; laterad of these on the same seg-

ments, a small rounded brown spot.

Pupa.—Length, 2.5-2.75 mm. Yellowish brown. Thoracic re-

spiratory organ large, somewhat shoe- or boot-shaped, the apical half

turned forward, lying parallel with the side of thorax but distinctly

removed from its surface; arrangement of bristles on thorax as in Fig-

ure 19, Plate XVIII ; anterior thoracic bristle much the same in form
as the dorsal bristle of abdomen but more distinctly curved ; the other

thoracic bristles with their apices crowned with a weak hair. Apex of

lateral abdominal bristle with a weak hair, the dorsal bristle as in Fig-

ure I ; abdominal segments three times as wide as long, armed as in

Figure 7 ; dorsal surface granulose, a dark brown spot between the two
dorsal bristles and another on each side; ventral surface smooth; a

brown spot midway between the central line and lateral margin on each

side of the segments; apex of pupa retained within larval exuvia.

Imago; Male.—Black, slightly shining. Head, including palpi,

proboscis, and antennae, fuscous ; antenna longer than head and thorax
taken together; antennal plumes blackish. Mesonotum shining black,

the surface obscured by dense yellowish pruinescence
;
pleurse black,

not shining, with whitish pruinescence; scutellum brownish yellow.

Abdomen black, shining, slightly pruinose ; hypopygium brown. Legs
yellow, fore and mid coxae slightly browned. Wings clear, veins

brown, Halteres white. Body bristles brown, the short hairs yellow.

Eyes contiguous ; antennae with the second joint globose, very large,

last three flagellar joints much elongated, the short joints beadlike near

base, but the last three or four with one side scooped out slightly, this

being most distinct on last joint, as shown in Figure 6, Plate XIX

;

palpi (Fig. 8) with the antepenultimate joint as long as the next two
combined, but little swollen. Mesonotum with 2—3 weak bristles in

front of wing-base, the discal hairs weak and very sparse; scutellum

with four bristles and weak discal hairs. Hypopygium as in Figure

18, Plate XXI. Wings narrow, third vein ends at almost three fourths

of wing-length ; first, at one third of third ; media forking slightly be-

yond cross vein; cubitus forking at about same point.

Female.—Similar to the male in coloration, except that the second
and third antennal joints, scutellum, and a small spot at anterior angles

of the mesonotum are yellow.

Antenna as in Figure i, Plate XIX, the entire length not exceed-

ing the combined lengths of head and thorax; palpus as in male; pro-

boscis more elongate, its length about equal to height of head. Abdo-
men ovate. Legs slender ; surface hairs distinct but not strong ; basal



307

joint of hind tarsi about three times as long as second; claws short,

simple, equal. Wings broader than in male, venation similar but with

the first vein extending nearer to middle of third (PI. XXII, Fig. 8).

Length, 2-2.75 ^^
Illinois localities : Havana—larvje and pupse found on log in river

and on submerged portions of wooden float, and adults taken at Chau-
tauqua Park, April 29, 1914; St. Joseph, May 10. 1914; Monticello,

June 28, 1914; Urbana, June 20, 1888, and June 6, 1914.

Originally described from specimens obtained in the District of

Columbia, New Jersey, and on Mount Washington, N. H. Garman
has recorded the occurrence of the larva; in Kentucky"' under circum-

stances similar to its occurrence in Illinois.

Nothing is known of the habits of the adults. The few specimens

in the collection here were obtained by sweeping vegetation near

streams.

2. Cer.\topogox LEVIS Coquillett

Ceralopogon levis Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 604.

This species varies very considerably in color. In some specimens

the pale yellow is confined to the anterior lateral angles and scutellum,

while in others it occupies a very large portion of the disc laterally and
posteriorly. In the case of one specimen from ^Michigan the yellow

extends across the mesonotum in front of scutellum, and anterior to

this transverse line there are two detached, rounded submedian spots

of yellow. In the great majority of specimens the abdomen is dark
brown on the dorsum and yellowish ventrally, but in the paler forms
the dark color is confined to the basal half of the dorsal segments. The
thorax is always much more distinctly shining than in fiiscitlus, and
the length is invariably less. Second and apical joints of antennal

flagellum of male as in Figures 14 and 15, Plate XXI. The third vein

ends beyond two thirds the wing-length, and the first vein reaches to

one third the length of third; the usual cross vein connects the first

vein with third ; the media forks slightly beyond the cross vein. Hy-
popygium as in Figure 19; last ventral segment with a single trans-

verse row of hairs, four of which are in the area which is occupied

by the group of hairs in fiiscuhis.

Length, 1-1.5 mm.
Illinois localities : Havana, ]\Iuncie, \\'hite Heath. L'rbana, Monti-

cello, Mahomet, St. Joseph. jManchester, Dubois, Golconda, Cairo.

Dates of occurrence range from April 18 to November 24.

Originally described by Coquillett from specimens obtained at

Marlboro, Md. I have seen specimens from Ithaca, N. Y. (O. A.

•Bull. 159, Kv. Agr. Exper. Sta., 1912, p. 31, sp. 5.



308

Johannsen) and Little Bear Lake at Grand Junction, Mich. (C. A.

Hart).

The commonest species of the genus according to my experience.

Early stages undescribed and adult habits unknown.

3. Ceratopogon fusinervis, n. sp.

Male.—Black, shining. Head entirely black; antennal plumes
blackish brown. Mesonotum with slight brownish pruinescence. Ab-
domen less distinctly pruinescent than mesontum; apical half of lat-

eral arms of hypopygium yellowish. Legs brownish yellow, mid and
hind coxae and the knees darkened. Wings clear, veins brown. Hal-

teres brownish, the knobs white. Bristles on body black.

Eyes contiguous ; antennae rather stout, subequal in length to head
and thorax together, apical four joints elongated, short joints of fla-

gellum somewhat cup-shaped; antepenultimate joint of palpi not as

long as apical two joints together and hardly thicker than ultimate

joint. Mesonotum without distinct hairs except on posterior half,

lateral view of anterior half as in Figure 6, Plate XXHI ; scutellum

with four marginal bristles. Hypopygium as in Figure 20, Plate XXL
Legs rather stout; basal joint of hind tarsi a little more than twice as

long as second; claws small, simple, equal. Third vein ends at two
thirds the wing-length, first almost fused with third, reaching to middle

of latter; petiole of media very short; cubitus forking below end of

first vein.

Female.—Similar to male in coloration.

Eyes separated by a very narrow line ; antennae rather thick, apical

five joints elongated, entire length of antenna equal to head and thorax
combined. Thorax and abdomen more robust than in the male, the

hairs on the former more distinct. Legs similar to those of the male.

Wings broader, venation similar to that of the male.

Length, 1-1.5 mm.
Type locality. Grand Tower, 111., April 21, 1914, on bank of Mis-

sissippi River (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch). Paratypes taken by
the same collectors at St. Joseph, May 3, Urbana, May 20, Havana,
May 2, Dubois, April 24, and Monticello, June 28, all in 19 14.

4. Ceratopogon peregrinus Johannsen

Ceratopogon peregrinus Johannsen, Bull. 124, N. Y. State Museum, 1908, p. 266.

Very similar to fusinerzns, but differing from it in the male in

structure of antennae and in form of hypopygium, the apical portion of

the lateral arm of the latter being much shorter and stouter, resembling



309

that of lez-is though lacking the stout hairs on the outer side of this

arm in that species and having the hairs on the inner side more dis-

tinct. The female differs from fiisincrzis principally in venation,

the first vein being distinctly short of the middle of third, and entirely

separate from it except where it is connected by the cross vein. The
color of the female is also slightly different from that of fiisincrz'is,

the abdomen in pcrcgrinus being generally brown.

Length, 1-1.25 mm.
Illinois localities : Urbana, Mahomet, Monticello, Muncie, St. Jos-

eph, Sumner, Dubois, and Algonquin. Dates of capture range from
April 24 to November 7.

Originally described from New York State. I have seen examples

from Ithaca, New York, submitted by Professor Johannsen, and from
South Haven and Grand Junction, ]\Iichigan, collected by Mr. Hart.

I have little doubt as to the correctness of the identification, though
the species may have been described by Coquillett under another name
with which description I have failed to associate the species.

PsEUDOcuucoiDES, n. gen.

This genus is especially distinguished from Ctilicoides by the ab-

sence of thoracic cavities and by the structure of the antennae of the

male, the last four joints being elongated and, except the apical joint,

binodose, each node having a distinct whorl of long hairs, the apical

joint simple, swollen, and having a single whorl of hairs. The an-

tennae of the female are very much like those of Culicoides, but the

apical joint is more swollen and the hairs are longer, the tarsi have dis-

tinguishable empodia, and the surface of the wings is covered with

coarse decumbent hairs instead of the fine upright hairs present in

Culicoides.

Type species, Psciidociilicoidcs luufahilis Coquillett.

Key to Species

1. Small species, at most 1.5 mm. in length 2
— Larger species, 1.75 mm. in length 3

2. Mesonotum velvety black with more or less distinct whitish pruinose
markings 1. mutabilis.

— Mesonotum black, entirely covered with dense brownish pruines-

cenee 2. cinctus.

3. Inferior process of hypopygium short (PL XXI, Fig. 9)

3 major.
— Inferior process of hypopygium long (PL XXI, Fig. 10)

4. joliaiuiseni.



I. PsEUDOCUUCOiDES MUTABiLis Coquillett

Ceratopogon mntabilis Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Mus., 1901, Vol. 23, p. 604.

Male.—Black. Head black, antennal plumes brown-black. Mes-
onotum on anterior half and lateral margins with whitish pruines-

cence, which viewed from behind takes the form of two central vittse

which dilate laterally at middle of disc, posterior to which point the

surface is shining, a very distinct pruinose patch surrounding a black

spot on either anterior angle ; scutellum, a small spot below wing-base,

and another on anterior angle orange-yellow. Abdomen opaque black.

Legs blackish brown, bases of tarsi and sometimes apices of tibiae yel-

lowish. Wings clear, costal and radial veins, especially at apices, black,

the other veins pale ; surface hairs brown. Knob of halteres white.

Antenna slightly longer than head and thorax combined, apical five

joints as in Figure 2, Plate XX. Mesonotum with sparse brownish
setulose hairs on margins and on spaces between the vittse ; scutellum

with 5-6 black setulose hairs on apical margin. Hypopygium as in

Figure i, Plate XX. Legs slender, surface hairs long and slender,

those on hind tibiae and tarsi at least four times as long as the joints

which bear them ; basal joint of hind tarsus as long as the next three

combined; fifth nearly one half longer than fourth; claws simple, half

as long as fifth joint; empodium small. Wings slender; costa to mid-
dle ; first vein coalescent with third for a distance equal to twice that

from its apex to apex of third, joining costa at nearly a right angle

;

media forking at cross vein ; cubitus forking in vertical line with apex
of third vein.

Female.—Similar in color to the male, but the yellow thoracic

marks are always more distinct.

The antennae are short-haired, and their entire length barely ex-

ceeds that of head and thorax combined, the last five joints being but

slightly elongated and the apical joint swollen. The abdomen is stouter

than that of the male, and the surface hairs much shorter. The sur-

face hairs on the legs are less conspicuous than in the male, while the

wings are less elongate.

Length, 1-1.5 mm.
Illinois locaHties: Havana, April 29, 1914; Urbana, July 2, 1914,

at light; Grand Tower, April 21, 1914; Ashley, April 25, 1914; Du-
bois, April 24, 1914; and Algonquin, June 10, 1896.

Originally described from the District of Columbia and Florida.

Nothing is known of the habits of the adult, and the early stages

are undescribed.



311

2. PsEUDOcuLicoiDES ciNCTus CoquiUett

Ceratopogon ductus Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 25, 1902, p. 81.

The thorax of this species is entirely covered with dense pruines-

cence, and is without traces of vittse. The hypopygium is as shown in

Figure ly, Plate XXI.
Length, 1-1.5 mm.
I have seen two males and one female, taken by Mr. Hart at Little

Bear Lake, Grand Junction, Mich., July 15, 1914.

Originally described from Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay, Florida,

and recorded as biting human beings.

3. PSEUDOCULICOIDES MAJOR, n. sp.

Male.—Differs from vnitabilis in being larger, 2 mm., in hav-

ing the thorax with four brownish vittae, the center pair posteriorly

and the outer pair anteriorly abbreviated ; the halteres black or brown
with the apices of knob white, and the hvpopvgium as in Figure 9,

Plate XXL
Female.—Similar to the male in coloration.

Length, 2 mm.
Type locality, Urbana, 111., July 2, 1914, at light (J. R. Malloch).

Allotype from Ithaca, N. Y. (O. A. Johannsen).

The scutellum in both specimens is suffused centrally with brown,

and the anterior angles of the thorax are not so distinctly yellow as in

the majority of the specimens of iniitabilis before me, but this charac-

ter is subject to some variation and can not be depended on.

4. PSEUDOCULICOIDES JOHANNSEKI, n. Sp.

Male.—Agrees with major in coloration and size, but differs ma-
terially in shape of the hypopygium (PI. XXI, Fig. 10).

Type locality, Palo Alto,' California. Submitted by Prof. O. A.

Johannsen, after whom the species is named.
Female unknown.
This species and ductus are inserted here to complete the genus,

though neither has been found in Illinois.

FoRCiPOMYiA Meigen

This genus was erected by Meigen for the reception of two species,

the type being designated by Coquillett as amhiguus Meigen.*

*The Type-species of North American Diptera, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 37,

1910, p. 545.



312

The genus was originally poorly defined, and the type species has

been recognized by no one since Zetterstedt's time. It is probably the

best course to accept as characters of this genus the very distinctly

haired wings and the short basal joint of the hind tarsus, as given in

the generic key herewith. In taking this course there is little reason to

anticipate objections to it, for previous authors have already adopted

it despite the uncertainty that exists regarding the identity of the type

of the genus. Kieffer, in "Genera Insectorum",* gives a list of seven-

teen species belonging to Forcipomyia, but strangely leaves out the

type species, placing it among the doubtful species in the genus Ccrato-

pogon and questioning if it may not be identical with albipennis Mei-

gen, which, also, he doubtfully places in Ceratopogon. It may be of

interest to call attention to Kieffer's inclusion of Coquillett's species

pergandci and spccularis in Ceratopogon without any question as to

the correctness of this course, although both are obviously of the genus
Forcipomyia according to the original description.

That the species included in the present concept of this genus are

entitled to rank generically distinct from those included in Ceratopogon
in this paper there can not be the slightest doubt, but whether the facts

here adduced will hold good for all the species either in North Amer-
ica or any other faunal area remains to be seen.

It has been impossible for me to include all the North American
species in my key, not because I am dealing only with those that occur

in Illinois, but because many of the species have been so imperfectly

described—often without reference to previously described forms, and
also, at times, from one sex only—that it is not possible for any one to

decide, without reference to the type specimens, how many species are

really represented by the forms described. It requires very careful

work and examination of slide preparations under a high-power lens,

to definitely decide as to the identity of most of the species. Fortu-

nately, realizing this early in the progress of my work, I made an ef-

fort to obtain a large supply of fresh material, and, having hundreds of

specimens, hope I have succeeded in defining the species before me in

such a manner that they will be recognizable by future students.

Key to Illinois Species

1. Females 2
— Males 8
2. Tibiffi, at least mid and hind pairs, with lanceolate scales in addition

to the long slender hairs 3
— Tibiae with only long slender surface hairs 4

»Fasc. 42, p. 52. 1906.



313

3. Mesonotum shining, with only slight pruineseence ; mid and hind
tibiffi with lanceolate scales 1. cilipes.

— Mesonotum opaque, densely pruinescent ; all tibias with lanceolate

scales 2. squamipes.

4. Mesonotum glossy black, without distinct pruineseence; the diseal

hairs black 3. specularis.

— Mesonotum brown or black, shining, and with distinct pruineseence

;

the diseal hairs in large part brassy yellow 5

5. "Wings with a distinct patch of pale hairs at apex of third vein ....

4. ptlosa.

— Wings without a patch of pale huirs at apex of third vein 6

6. Almost entirely yellow species, only the dorsal surface of abdomen
with distinctly black markings 5. auren.

—
• Black species, pleura, abdomen, and legs with yellow markings. . .7

7. Large species, 2.5 mm. ; abdomen with distinct yellow postmarginal

band to segments 6. pergandei.
— Smaller species, 1.75 mm. ; abdomen with but slight indications of

yellow postmarginal band to segments, .pei-gandei, var. concolor.

8. Glossy black species; mesonotum without pruineseence and with
black hairs 3. specularis.

— Opaque or shining species; mesonotum with distinct pruineseence
and a large portion of the diseal hairs brassy or golden 9

9. Abdomen with the apex of the segments j'ellow 10
— Abdomen without j-ellow apex to segments; basal joint of hind

tarsus longer than second (40 : 30) ; antepenultimate segment of

anteniiEB very slightly more than half as long as preceding segment
(16 : 31) 2. squamipes.

10. Basal joint of hind tarsus not shorter than second 1. cilipes.

— Basal joint of hind tarsus appreciably shorter than second 11

11. Apical segment of antenna much longer than preapical (20 : 13) .

.

6. pergandei.
— Apical segment of antennae slightly longer than preapical 12
12. Dorsum of abdomen with narrow yellow hind marginal bands to

segments 4. pilosa.— Dorsum of abdomen with broad yellow hind marginal bands to seg-

ments 5. aurea.

Comparatrt; Lengths op Apical four Antennal Joints and two
Basal Joints op Hind Tarsi op Males.*

Species

P. cilipes ....

F. squamipes
F. specularis.

F. pilosa

F. aurea
F. perganrlei.



314

I. FoRCiPOMYiA ciUPES Coquillctt

Ccratopogon cilipes Coquillett, Proe. Wash. Acad. Sei., Vol. 2, 1900, p. 397.

Larva.—Length, 3-4 mm. White, the apical margins of mandi-

bles brownish. Lateral view as in Figure 3, Plate XVIL dorsal bristles

shaped as in Figure 4, Plate XVIH, dorso-lateral bristle fringed (PI.

XVIII, Fig. 5), arrangement of other abdominal bristles as in Figure

3, (PI. XVII). Claws of pseudopods as in Figures 9 and 10, Plate

XVIII.
Pupa.—Length, 2-2.25 mm. Pale yellowish, becoming brown as

the enclosed insect matures. Thorax with four long bristles in an an-

teriorly concave transverse line at center, very similar to those of Cera-

topogon fuscidiis, the pair anterior to them long, shaped as in Figure

6, Plate XVIII, posterior portion of thorax without bristles, only

slight raised portions indicating where they generally occur in other

species; respiratory organ of moderate size (PI. XVIII, Fig. 2),

slightly knobbed at apex. Abdomen with very weak armature, the

most distinct being a lateral row of bristles, as shown in Figure 3.

Imago; Male.—Dark brown to black, shining. Antennal plumes

dark brown. Tarsi pale yellowish brown. Wings obscured by the

dense covering of blackish scalelike hairs ; a patch of pale hairs at base

and another at apex of third vein ; beyond the last-mentioned patch, an
elongate patch of black hairs, covering the area between the upper

branch of the spurious vein and the margin of wing. Halteres pale

lemon-yellow. Thoracic and abdominal hairs varying from blackish

brown to pale brown.

Eyes contiguous; antenna with the apical four joints elongated

(PI. XXI, Fig. 6), joints 5-8 of flagellum with the incisions between
them poorly defined, the other joints as in Figure 11 ; antennal length

slightly exceeding that of head and thorax combined. Mesonotum
glossy black, the marginal hairs long ; those on disc much shorter and
yellow ; scutellar margin with many very long hairs, the disc with short

hairs similar to those on mesonotum. Abdomen slender, the segments
with numerous long hairs which are noticeably longer than the seg-

ments; hypopygium as in Figure i, Plate XXI. Legs slender, covered

with long pale brownish hairs, those on hind tibiae more than half as

long as tibia, basal joint of hind tarsus very slightly shorter than sec-

ond; fourth and fifth joints of hind tarsus of nearly equal length;

claws small, equal; empodium large. Wings narrow, densely hairy;

costa to middle ; media forking just beyond cross vein.

Female.—Similar to the male in color. Antenna not longer than

head and thorax combined ; basal 8 flagellar joints slightly longer than

wide, the others slightly elongated, sensory organs as in Figure 5,



315

Plate XIX, palpi as in Figure 3. Mesonotum with the discal hairs

longer than in male. Abdomen broad, slightly longer than head and
thorax combined, the surface hairs much shorter than in male ; apex
as in Figure 4, Plate XIX. Legs stouter than in male, the mid and
hind tibiae with a series of lanceolate scales on dorsal surface in addi-

tion to the long slender hairs (Fig. 4, PI. XXI) ; tarsi as in male.

Wings broader than in male and the surface hairs more numerous;
apex of third vein slightly before middle of wing; cubitus forking

slightly before apex of third vein.

Length, 1.5-2 mm.
Illinois localities : Havana, reared by C. A. Hart from larvae and

pupae which were found amongst damp moss on the shore of the Illinois

River in June; Urbana, April-July, on windows in the daytime and
also at night, both sexes ; White Heath, November 22, 1913, in woods

;

Grand Tower, April, at light, and on shore of Mississippi River ; and
Dubois, in April.

The original description by Coquillett, was of a female from
Alaska. The specimens before me agree with Coquillett's description,

and also with a female named by him in the collection of the U. S.

Bureau of Biological Survey, from Washington, D. C.

Early stages undescribed.

2. FORCIPOMYIA SQUAMIPES Coquillctt

Ceratopogon squamipes Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1902, Vol. 25, p. 88.

This species is very similar to cilipes. It may be distinguished from
it as follows: antennal joints more distinctly nodose, sensory organs

more elongated; mesonotum opaque, the disc covered with yellowish

gray pruinescence ; discal hairs much longer than in cilipes and of a

brassy color ; abdomen more densely haired ; all tibiae with the lanceo-

late dorsal scales present, those more attenuated at bases ; the long

slender hairs comparatively longer than in cilipes; media with short

petiole, the base of the posterior branch indistinct.

Length, 2.5 mm.
Illinois localities: Grand Tower, April 22, 1914, at light; and Ur-

bana, July 23, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

I have before me several males which I believe belong to this spe-

cies. They agree with the female in coloration except that the tarsi are

yellowish and the antennal plumes are blackish. The proportions of

the apical four antennal joints are 31, 16, 11, and 13, and the sensory

antennal organs are very slender and twice as long as the joints upon
which they are situated. Hypopygium as in Figure 3, Plate XXI.



316

Locality, Grand Tower, April 21, 19 14, on bank of the Mississippi

River (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Originally described from New Mexico by Coquillett. Ceratopogon
bntmalis Long, described from Texas, may be synonymous with this

species, though the long, slender tibial hairs are not figured by Long
and the larva described by him agrees with that of cilipcs. Unless these

species are synonymous, nothing is known of the life history of

squamipcs.

This seems an opportune occasion to call attention to the fact that

Ceratopogon ciliatus Winnertz is very similar to the species here de-

scribed, though in the absence of European examples it would be rash

to suggest that they are synonymous.

3. FoRCiPOMYiA SPECULARis Coquillett

Ceratopogon specularis Coquillett, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 601.

Larva.—Length, 3-3.5 mm. Whitish yellow. Lateral and dorsal

views as shown in Figures i and 2, Plate XVIL A distinct black eye-

spot on each side of head ; antennje short, apparently consisting of three

joints ; dorsal surface of head with a fringed bristle on each side, man-
dible as in Figure 14, Plate XVIIL Dorsal bristles on the thoracic

and abdominal segments shaped as in Figures 17 and J 8, Plate XVIII
subdorsal pair on an elevated elongate ridge, their surfaces fringed

lateral bristle fringed; remaining bristles as in Figure i, Plate XVII
all segments with-weak setulae (PI. XVIII, Fig. 11).

Pupa.—Length, 2.5-3 mm. A short spine on dorsal surface of

head on each side, and a similar one anterior to and slightly dorsad of

the respiratory organ, the latter rather knob-shaped ; arrangement of

dorsal thoracic bristles as shown in Figure 20, Plate XVIIL Abdom-
inal segments, except those enclosed within the larval skin, each with
three short bristles on each side, arranged parallel to the anterior mar-
gin and slightly posterior to it, and in the intervals between, and
slightly posterior to them, are two much longer bristles; all bristles

fringed.

Imago; Male.—Black, shining. Antennal plumes black. The mem-
branous area on pleurje brownish. Tarsi yellowish. Halteres yellow.

Wings clear, veins and surface hairs dark brown; a small group of
hairs near wing-base and another at apex of third vein white.

Eyes confluent ; antenna about ec|ual in length to head and thorax
together; basal joint large, globose, flagellum with the basal 9 joints

short, as in Figure 12, Plate XXI, their diameter becoming slightly

smaller from first to ninth joint, apical four joints as in Figure 8 (de-

nuded)
;
palpi with the third joint less swollen than in the female. Mes-



317

onotum without traces of pruinescence ; discal hairs long and strong,

scutellar hairs numerous and long. Hypopygium as in Figure 2, Plate

XIX; the long hairs on abdomen located on middle of segment in a

transverse row. Legs with long surface hairs, basal joint of hind tar-

sus subequal to second; fourth slightly longer than fifth. Costa to

middle of wing; venation as in Figure i, Plate XXII.
Female.—Agrees with the male in coloration except that the wings

appear darker owing to the more abundant clothing of hairs, and the

groups of white hairs are more conspicuous.

Differs from the male in having the antennas short-haired, the basal

nine flagellar joints as in Figure 13, Plate XXI, the sensory organs al-

most straight, the apical five joints elongated, the last being the long-

est. In other respects similar to the male except that it is generally

much more robust and slightly smaller.

Length: male, 2.5-3 mm.; female. 1.75-2.5 mm.
Illinois localities: Urbana, July and September, and Algonquin,

May. Several taken at light in Urbana by Mr. Hart and the writer.

I have before me specimens taken by Mr. Hart at Xiles, Mich.,

July 13, 1914, at light.

Originally described from Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, and
Colorado. Subsequently recorded by Howard as having been reared

from larvae found in cow dung in Virginia. All stages have been de-

scribed by Long* from Texas, the larvae being recorded as occurring

gregariously on the under side of cow dung. In Illinois the larvae have

been found by Mr. Hart, at L^bana, beneath boards lying on the

ground.

4. FORCIPOMYIA PIL0S.\ CoquiUctt

Ceratopogon pilosus Coquillett, Proc. V. S. Xat. Mus., Vol. 2.5, 1902, p. 87.

This species is very similar to pergandei. differing principally in

color and in the antennal and tarsal proportions of the male. The legs

are very bright yellow with a dark suffusion on the hind femora which
is sometimes indistinct. The patch of pale hairs at apex of third vein

is very distinct in the female.

Illinois localities: Thomasboro, July 20, 1914, both sexes flying

about trunk of old apple-tree in the afternoon; St. Joseph, May 3,

1914, and Urbana, Mav to August, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Mal-
loch).

I have also seen specimens taken by Air. Hart at South Haven.
Mich., July 15, 19 14, at light.

Originally described from the District of Columbia.

Early stages undescribed.

Biol. Bull., Vol. 3, 1902, p. 7.



318

5- FORCIPOMYIA AUREA, n. Sp.

Female.—Yellow, opaque. Head yellow; flagellum of antennae

brownish
;
proboscis and palpi brown. Mesonotum ochreous yellow on

disc, the surface almost entirely opacjue and with slight grayish

pruinescence ; discal hairs golden yellow, with a few long brown setu-

lose hairs on anterior lateral angles and on lateral margins
;
pleurae

pale yellow, reddish on central portions; scutellum and postnotum
brownish yellow, the former with numerous yellow hairs intermixed

with longer brown ones. Abdomen pale yellow, each segment from the

second to the apex with a large brown spot on each side, leaving only

a narrow posterior margin and a fine dorso-central line of the yellow

color; ventral surface yellow; dorsal hairs yellowish brown, a patch

of short golden yellow hairs on posterior lateral margins of ven-

tral segments. Legs golden yellow, apices of hind femora slightly

browned ; surface hairs yellow. Wings clear, appearing grayish owing
to the dense coating of brown surface hairs, veins brown; no patch of

pale hairs at apex of third vein ; base of wing yellowish.

Eyes contiguous; antenrice almost the same as in cilipes. Basal

joint of hind tarsus about a fourth shorter than second ; fifth slightly

shorter than fourth ; surface hairs strong but not very long, the longest

not exceeding one and a half times the" tibial diameter. Third vein to

middle of wing ; venation as in specularis.

Length, 1.75 mm.
Type locaHty, Momence, III, July 17, 19 14, at light (C. A. Hart).

A male taken at the same time and place as the female probably

belongs to this species. It differs from the female in being much darker
in color, in this resembling very closely the male of pergandci next de-

scribed. The apical four antennal joints are represented in Figure 7,

Plate XXI. The basal joint of the hind tarsus is one fifth shorter than

the second. The wings are as in the female except that they are com-
paratively narrower. Hypopygium as in Figure 2, Plate XXI.

Length, 2.5 mm.
A male taken by the writer at Centerville, 111., August 17, 1914,

has the abdomen marked as in the female described above, and the

hind tibiae brown with the exception of the apices. The apices of the

hind femora are blackened. In other respects it agrees with the male
taken with the type, from which the drawings were made.

Early stages undescribed.



319

6. FoRCiPOMYiA PERGANDEi Coquillett

Ceratopogon pergandei Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 602.

This Species differs from aurca in being much darker in color, the

abdomen having only the apical third of dorsal segments yellow, and
in having the legs considerably blackened. The male is very simi-

lar to that here described as aurca, but the antennal and hind tarsal

proportions are quite dissimilar (PI. XXI, Fig. 5). The hypopygium
is similar to that figured for aurca.

Length, 2.5-2.75 mm.
IlHnois localities. Grand Tower, April 22, 1914, and Urbana, July

7, 1914, both at light (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Originally described from the District of Columbia.

The larva of what I consider as the typical form of this species was
taken by Prof. A. D. MacGillivray under bark of a fallen tree. Larval

and pupal details are given in Figures 15, 8, and 21 of Plate XVIIL

Var. coucolor, n. var.

Similar to the foregoing except that it is noticeably smaller, 1.75

mm., and has the dorsum of the abdomen without distinct pale post-

marginal band to the segments.

Localities, Grand Tower, along with the type form, and L^rbana

July 4-7, on windows (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Palpomyia Meigen

I have recently revised this genus in the Bulletin of this Labora-
tory,* and herewith present a synopsis of the species with such altera-

tions and notes as are required to bring our information up to date.

Since the publication of the paper referred to I have succeeded in

obtaining several additional species which have caused me to change
the generic location of some of those I had placed in Palpomyia. I

suggested in the previous paper that riifa Loew might belong to the

genus Hcteromyia, and I find this to be the case on examination of a

specimen from Ithaca, N. Y. I have also removed triz'ialis Loew to

Heteroviyia.

My knowledge of the early stages of the species of this genus is

not sufficient to warrant even an opinion as to whether the larvae or

the pups may be separated from those of allied genera by any charac-

ters which the species possess in common.

•Vol. X, Art. 4 (1914), p. 216.



320

Key to Species

1. Halteres with black knob 2
— Halteres with j'ellow knob 5

2. Mesonotum opaque gray, with central brown vitta ; fore femora with
10-12 spines on apical half ; mid and hind femora with but 1 dis-

tinct spine; claws large, subequal, toothed near base; last tarsal

joint unarmed 1. illiTwensis.

— Mesonotum black, without central vitta 3

3. Fore femora with one spine at middle, the other femora bare
2. scahra.

— All femora with spines 4
4. Hind tibiee entirely black ; third vein to about five sixths the wing-

length 3. tibialis.

— Hind tibiffi yellow, their apices blackened ; third vein to nine tenths

the wing-length 4. subasper.

6. Only one pair of femora, fore or hind, with spines 6
— All femora spinose or only fore femora bare 7
6. Fore femora with 1 spine at middle, the other femora bare

2. scabra.
— Hind femora spinose, the other femora bare ; legs yellow, apices of

femora, of tibia, of first 3 tarsal joints and whole of last 2 tarsal

joints blackish brown ; claws of fore and mid tarsi subequal, those
of hind pair veiy unequal in length ; hind femora with 2 spines .

.

5. curriei.

7. Legs yellow, middle and extreme apices of hind femora, the hind
tibiffl except a small portion beyond middle, the apices of fore and
mid tibiffi and bases of latter, and last 3 tarsal joints blackened

;

middle portion of the thickened last tarsal joint of fore legs white

;

claws of fore tarsi equal, those of mid and hind pairs very unequal
in length ; all femora with 1 spine 6. nebulosa.

— Mid and hind femora with at least 2-3 ventral spines 8

8. Mesonotum densely gray poUinose, without distinct brown spots or
vittse ; legs almost entirely blackish brown 7. scliwarzi.

— Mesonotum either glossy black, or opaque gray with distinct brown
spots on disc 9

9. Mesonotum glossy black ; wings with a large black spot . . 8. nubifera.— Mesonotum opaque gray; wings clear 10
10. Apices of fore femora yellow 9. longipennis.
— Apices of fore femora blackened 10. slossonce.

I. Palpomyia illinoensis Malloch

Palpomyia illinoisensis Malloch, Bull. III. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10, Art. 4

(1914), p. 219.

The type specimen is from Algonquin, 111.

I have seen a single specimen from Ithaca, N. Y., which does not

differ from the type except in having the spines on fore femora in a



321

rather distinct group which does not extend as far towards middle of

femora, and 4 spines in place of one spine on hind femora. The pupa

from which this specimen was reared has the thoracic respiratory or-

gan as in Figure 16, Plate XXI. A specimen in the collection of the

U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey collected at Four Mile Run, Va.,

has the legs considerably darker in color and the spines on the femora

as in the New York specimen. These may represent distinct species,

but a series of specimens is necessary to enable one to give a definite

opinion. In all probability it is this last form which appears as Pal-

poiiiyia liucatus Meigen in the New Jersey list, but that species has the

cubitus forking before the cross vein, which is not the case in the spec-

imens before me.

2. Palpomyia scabra Coquillett

Ceratopogon scaber Coquillett, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 13, 1905, p. 62.

Palpomyia scahra (Coquillett) Malloeh, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10,

Art. 4 (1914) p. 221.

Described from Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico, and, as far as I am
aware, not since recognized. Date of occurrence, February 22 (C. H.

T. Townsend).

3. Palpomyia tibialis Meigen

Ceratopogon tibialis Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1, 1818, p. 82,

sp. 36.

Palpomyia tibialis (Meigen) Malloeh, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10,

Art. 4 (1900), p. 222.

In addition to the two localities already recorded for this species

in Illinois,* Algonquin and Anna, I have seen an example taken at

Momence, July 17, 1914, by C. A. Hart.

I have seen females of this species, submitted by Prof. O. A. Jo-

hannsen, from the following localities in New York State: Ithaca,

McLean, 2-3 July, 1904; Mud Creek, Tompkins Co., 17-20 June,

1904; Freeville, July 4, 1904; Ellis, June 13, 1904.

4. Palpomyia subaspER Coquillett

Ceratopogon suiasper Coquillett, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 606.

Palpomyia subasper (Coquillett) Malloeh, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol.

10, p. 222.

In addition to the following Illinois localities already recorded in

previously cited paper—Algonquin, Urbana, White Heath, Savanna,

'Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10, Art. 4 (1914), p. 222.



322

St. Joseph, and Havana—I took a series of specimens of both sexes

while collecting at Monticello, June 21-28, 1914, in company with C.

A. Hart. The specimens were obtained by sweeping vegetation, and
nothing was discovered as to their habits. I have seen this species also

from Ithaca, N. Y.

Originally described from Mexico.

5. Palpomyia curriei Coquillett

Ceratopogon curriei Coquillett, Jour. N. T. Ent. Soc, Vol. 13, 1905, p. 62.

Palpomyia curriei (Coquillett) Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10,

p. 219.

Originally described from British Columbia and not subsequently

recorded.

I have a male specimen of a species obtained at Mahomet, 111., Au-
gust 6, 1914, which agrees fairly well with Coquillett's description, but

am averse to expressing an opinion as to its identity without seeing the

female.

6. Palpomyia nebulosa, n. sp.

Female.—Black, shining. Head brownish black ; antennae brown,
scape, first joint of flagellum and bases of the next 5-6 joints yellow;

proboscis, palpi, and hairs on antennae brown. Mesonotum without

traces of pruinescence
;
pleurae less distinctly shining on upper half

than disc of mesonotum, the lower half brownish and highly polished

except above, where there is a broad longitudinal band of silvery prui-

nescence which is most distinct when viewed from above. Abdomen
glossy black. Legs, including the coxae, yellow, blackened on middle

and apices of posterior femora, on apices of fore tibiae, broadly on
bases of middle tibiae and on bases and apices of hind tibiae, the apical

three joints of all tarsi black except the middle of apical joint of fore

pair, which is broadly white. Wings with a broad nebulous infusca-

tion at middle ; veins thick, deep brown. Halteres yellow, knob white.

Eyes separated by about one sixth the head-width; antennae with

second joint globose, the flagellum very slender, the entire length al-

most equal to that of the insect. Mesonotum with the setulose hairs

much below normal size and very sparse, the disc bare except for the

usual 3 longitudinal lines ; lateral and anterior setulte weak and sparse.

Abdomen club-shaped, without distinct hairs. Legs elongate ; femora
not swollen, each with a single weak thorn near the apex of ventral

surface; fourth tarsal joint on all legs obcordate, the apices of each

drawn out laterally and armed with two bristles ; fifth tarsal joint of

fore legs much thickened, that of the other legs elongated and not so

distinctly thickened, none of them with ventral bristles ; entire length



323

of hind tarsus distinctly exceeding that of hind tibiae, the basal joint

longer than the remaining joints combined; claws of fore tarsi equal

in length, those of the mid and hind pairs very unequal. Apex of third

vein extending to four fifths of the wing-length; first vein not reach-

ing to middle of last section of third, that portion of first beyond the

cross vein less than half as long as section preceding it; media forking

distinctly in front of cross vein; cubitus forking in line with base of

posterior branch of media.

Length, 3.5 mm.
Tvpe localitv. Little Bear Lake, Columbia. Mich., Tulv 15, 19 14

(C. A. Hart). 'Paratype from Polk Co., Wis., July (Baker).

This species is distinguished from any previously described from

North America by the single bristle on each femur, by the infuscated

wings, and by the peculiar color of the fifth tarsal joint of the fore

legs.

-. Palpomyia schwarzi Coquillett

(PI. XXII, Fig. 10)

Ceratopogon schicarzi Coquillett, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 605.

Palpomym sclmarzi (Coquillett) Malloeh, Bull. 111. State Lab. Xat. Hist.. Vol.

10, p. 224.

No additional records of this species are available. The IlHnois

localities are Algonquin, L^rbana. and Champaign.
Originally described from Texas.

8. Palpomyia nubifera Coquillett

Ceratopogon nubifer Coquillett, Jour. X. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 13, 1905, p. 61.

Palpomyia nubifera (Coquillett) Malloeh, Bull. 111. State Lab. Xat. Hist., Vol.

10, p. 217.

Described from a single female specimen obtained by jMrs. A. T.

Slosson at Jacksonville, Florida. Not subsequently recorded.

g. Palpomyia loxgipexxis Loew

Ceratopogon loiigipenni^ Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1861, p. 313, sp. 10.

Palpomyia longipennis (Loew) Malloeh, Bull. 111. State Lab. Xat. Hist., Vol. 10,

p. 221.

Larva.—Length, 15 mm. White. Head twice as long as broad;

antenna remarkably small, consisting apparently of three segments, the

basal one about 1.5 times longer than either of the otiier two and much
thicker; mandibles (PI. XVHL Fig. 12) brown on apical half; labial



324

plate simple in form (Fig. 13) ; hypopharynx as in Figure 16. Abdo-
men without surface hairs; two leglike organs with warty processes

near the posterior margin* of each segment on the ventral side; apical

segment with eight hairs, four on each side, the anterior two widely

separated, the apical two close together; within the apical third of the

last segment are two retractile organs (their apices unarmed with

claws) which greatly resemble the posterior pseudopods of other chi-

ronomid larvae.

The pupal and adult stages are described on pages 219-221 of this

volume of this Bulletin (Article IV).

Illinois localities : Algonquin and Havana. Larva; were obtained

in considerable numbers from Thompson's Lake, near Havana, at a

depth of eight and a half feet. These were successfully reared to the

adult stage, by the writer, in 2-dram vials, in a room of the State

Laboratory. The pupse were found floating in the Illinois River near

Havana. It was observed that pupae kept in vials in which there still

remained a little water did not entirely leave the water before emer-
gence of the adult, as do certain other species of this genus, but re-

mained with the apical half of the abdomen submerged.
Originally described from Pennsylvania, and subsequently recorded

from New Jersey by Smith.

10. Palpomyia slosson^ Coquillett

Ceratopogon slossonw Coquillett, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 13, 1905, p. 61.

Palpomyia slossonw (Coquillett) Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol.

10, p. 224.

Originally described from a female specimen obtained on Mt.
Washington, N. H., by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Not subsequently re-

corded.

Heteromyia Say

Differs from Palpomyia in having the fore femora thickened and
spinose ventrally, and the other femora without spines. From Beszia

and Probezzia the genus is distinguished by having the second vein

present, and from Johannsenomyia by the presence of femoral thorns.

Serromyia is distinguished from Heteromyia by the much thickened

and spinose hind femora.

I give herewith a key to those species which have the wings un-

marked:

*As these organs are also present on the last thoracic segment and absent from
the penultimate abdominal one, I may be mistaken in considering them as situated on
the posterior margin, though they so appear in the mounted specimens before me.



325

The species of this genus which have spots or bands upon the wings

are fasciata Say, clavata Williston, festiva Loew, Sindpratti Coquillett.*

I have taken none of these species in lUinois.

Key to Species

1. Haheres pale yellow 2
— Halteres black or brown 4

2. Yellow species 1. rufa.

— Black species 3

3. Apices of mid and hind femora, bases of mid tibiae, and whole of

hind pair blackened ; fore femora slightly thickened and with 3

—

4 spines 2. aldriclii.

— Legs entirely yellow ; fore femora much thickened and with 16 or

more spines 3. plebeia.

4. Legs almost entirely yellow 5

— Mid and hind legs conspicuously blackened 6

5. Fifth tarsal joint with ventral spines; scape of antennae yellow. . .

.

4. cressoni.

— Fifth tarsal joint without ventral spines; scape of antennje black.

.

5. tenuicornis.

6. Scape of antennae yellow ; claws of hind tarsi very distinctly longer

than those of fore and mid pairs 6. trivialis.

— Scape of antennae black ; claws of hind tarsi not longer than those of

fore and mid pairs 7

7. Mesonotum subopaque black 7. opacithorax.

— Mesonotum glossy black 8

8. Disc of mesonotum with very distinct pale hairs 8. Jiirta.

— Disc of mesonotum with at most very short hairs, generally bare .

.

9. flavipes.

I. Heteromyia rufa Loew

Ceratopogon rufvs Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1861, p. 314, pp. 12.

Palpomyia rufa (Loew) Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10, p. 217.

In my recent revision of the genus Palpoinyiaj I suggested the pos-

sibiHty of this species belonging to Heteromyia. At that time I had
not seen the species, but subsequently Professor Johannsen sent me an

example, with a number of other species, from Ithaca, N. York, and

Mr. Cresson sent me another from his collection, taken at Swarth-

more, Pa. It may be well to indicate its specific characters here.

Female.—Reddish yellow, shining. Flagellum of antennae, extreme

apices of mid femora, apical third of hind femora, apices of hind tibiae,

and last three tarsal joints brownish.

*For key to these species see "Addemlum to Ceratopogonintr," page 360.

tBull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10, Art. 4 (1914), p. 217.



326

Eyes distinctly separated ; antenna more than one and a half times

as long as head and thorax together. Disc of mesonotum with very

short pale hairs closely placed ; 3—4 black setulse in front of wing-

base. Fore femora much thickened, the anterior surface with 2-3
irregular rows of short black thorns on almost their entire length ; fifth

tarsal joint unspined ; tarsal claws equal, of moderate size, with a me-
dian tooth on the inner side. Third vein to five sixths the wing-length

;

first, to less than two fifths the length of third; last section of first

slightly shorter than penultimate section of third; media forking be-

fore cross vein, base of its posterior branch indistinct; cubitus forking

proximad of cross vein.

Length, 3.75 mm.
Originally described from Pennsylvania. Early stages unknown.

2. Heteromyia aldrichi, n. sp.

female.—Black, shining. Head black, antennse, face, and palpi

blackish brown. Thorax black, shining. Abdomen brownish black on
dorsum, ventrally yellowish, the segments of the apical half with a

brown spot on each side. Legs yellow, mid and hind coxse, apices of

middle femora and bases of their tibi.'e, apical third of hind femora
and the whole of their tibiae, and apical two joints of all tarsi black-

ened. Wings clear, veins yellowish. Halteres whitish.

Eyes separated by about a fifth the width of head : joints of basal

half of flagellum slightly longer than wide. Disc of mesonotum with

numerous rather weak hairs. Fore femora slightly thicker than hind

pair and with three spines on apical half of ventral surface ; fifth tarsal

joint without ventral spines ; claws small, equal. Third vein ending at

about three fourths the wing-length; first ending at two fifths the

length from base of third; media forking before cross vein, base of

posterior branch indistinct ; cubitus forking very slightly beyond cross

vein.

Length, 2.75 mm.
Type locality, Moscow, Idaho (J. M. Aldrich).

I have no hesitation in locating this species in Heteromyia because

of the presence of spines on the fore femora only, and because of the

small tarsal claws, which are similar throughout this group of the

genus.

The species is named in honor of Professor J. M. Aldrich. who
kindly donated the specimen.

A paratype from Berkley Hills, Alameda county, Cal., April 11,

1908, submitted by Mr. Cresson, has the abdomen paler than the type,

but in other respects agrees with the above description. This speci-



men is in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural

Sciences.

3. Heteromyia plebeia Loew

Ceratopogon plebius Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitsehr., 1S61. p. 313, sp. 11.

Male.—Black, shining. Face and antenncT brown, palpi yellow.

Abdomen yellow at base. Legs yellow, apices of fore and mid femora

narrowly, of hind femora broadly, blackened; apical 2-3 joints of

tarsi brown. Wings clear, veins pale brown. Halteres pale yellow.

Eyes narrowly separated ; antenna more than one and a half times

as long as head and thorax combined. Disc of mesonotum with nu-

merous short blackish hairs ; a few setulse on margins in front of wing-

base, and on margin of scutellum. Hypopygium smaller than usual in

this family. Fore femora much swollen, the thorns beginning just be-

fore middle and reaching to apex ; fifth tarsal joint unspined ; tarsal

claws small, equal, without distinguishable middle tooth. Third vein to

slightly less than three fourths the wing-length : first ends at middle of

third, its last section distinctly shorter than penultimate section of

third ; media forking before cross vein, its posterior branch with base

indistinct ; cubitus forking slightly beyond cross vein.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the head yellow, the an-

tennae -with only the fiagellum brown ; the abdomen more broadly yel-

low at base, and the legs with the dark marks less distinct.

The antennal fiagellum is very slender, and the entire antennal

length is about three fourths that of the insect itself. The tarsal claws

are longer than in the male, and have the central tooth distinct. The
third vein extends to four fifths of the wing-length. In other respects

as the male.

Length: male, 1.75-2.5 mm.; female, 2.5-3 ™m-
Localities: ^Monticello, 111., June 28. 1914, swept from vegetation

on bank of Sangamon River; Little Bear Lake, Columbia, Mich., July

15, 1914, swept from vegetation; Ithaca, N. Y. (O. A. Johannsen).

Originally described from Pennsylvania.

Early stages unknown.

4. Heteromyia cressoni, n. sp.

Female.—Head yellow, vertex and fiagellum of antennae fuscous.

Thorax brownish black, shining, anterior lateral angles yellowish

;

pleurae highly polished. Abdomen yellow. Legs yellow, coxae brown-

ish ; tarsal claws black. Wings clear, veins yellowish. Halteres yel-

low. Knob pale brown.
Frons narrow anteriorly, the sides diverging posteriorly ; antennae

with the basal nine joints of fiagellum distinctly longer than their



328

diameter; apical joint of palpi barely longer than preceding joint. Disc

of mesonotum microscopically reticulated and with rather closely

placed short hairs. Legs slightly elongated, fore femora distinctly but

not greatly thicker than hind pair, their ventral surfaces with about

eight black spines extending from before middle to apex ; fifth tarsal

joint with ventral spines; tarsal claws of moderate length, those on

the hind legs distinctly longer than the others, each pair subequal in

length and with inner tooth. Third vein ending at about four fifths

the wing-length; first ending slightly before middle of third; media

forking close in front of cross vein ; cubitus forking below cross vein.

Length, 3.5 mm.
Type locality, Swarthmore, Pa., June 8, 1905 (E. T. Cresson, Jr.).

This species resembles some of those in Palpoymia in having ven-

tral bristles on the fifth tarsal joint, but there are no spines on the mid
and hind femora, which points to its closer association with Hctero-

myia, though the line of demarcation between these genera is rather an

arbitrary one as at present defined.

The species is named in honor of the collector.

5. Heteromyia tenuicornis, n. sp.

Female.—Black, glossy. Head black; flagellum of antenna; yel-

lowish on basal half, the apices of joints and the apical half fuscous,

scape black
;
palpi reddish. Mesonotum without trace of pruinescence

;

pronotum brownish. Abdomen brown, yellowish at base and ventrally.

Legs reddish yellow, mid and hind coxse, knee joints, extreme apices

of hind tibiae, and apical two tarsal joints blackened. Wings clear,

veins yellow. Halteres yellow, apically brownish.

Eyes separated by less than one eighth the width of head ; antenna

slender, extending to about middle of abdomen, the basal eight flagellar

joints each about four times as long as their diameter ; apical joint of

palpi much longer than preceding joint. Disc of mesonotum with very

inconspicuous hairs. Abdomen much longer than head and thorax

together. Legs slender, fore femora distinctly but not greatly thicker

than hind pair, their ventral surfaces with 6-7 black spines on apical

half; hind tibias with only weak decumbent hairs; basal joint of hind

tarsi about half as long as hind tibia; ; fifth tarsal joint unspined ; claws

short, subequal. Third vein ending at about five sixths the wing-

length ; first ending at about two fifths the length from base of third

;

cross vein at wing-middle ; media forking distinctly proximad of cross

vein; cubitus forking below base of posterior branch of media.

Length, 3.5-4 mm.
Type localitv, Polk Co., Wis., Julv (Baker).



329

6. Heteromyia TRiviALis Loew

Ceratopogon trivialis Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1861, p. 309, sp. 4.

Palpomyia trivialis (Loew) Malloeh, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10,

p. 217.

Female.—Black, shining. Scape of antenna, fore femora, bases

of mid and hind femora, apices of fore tibiae, and bases of all the tarsi

yellow. Wings slightly grayish, veins brown, the thick veins very

distinct. Halteres black.

Eyes distinctly separated; antennre about one and a half times as

long as head and thorax together. Disc of mesonotum without dis-

tinct hairs. Fore femora distinctly thicker than mid pair but not thicker

than hind pair, the thorns (3-4) confined to apical half; claws of

fore and mid tarsi simple, equal, rather small, those of hind tarsi dis-

tinctly longer but of similar structure. Third vein extending tp four

fifths of the wing-length, slightly thickened; first, to one third the

length of third, its last section equal to penultimate section of third

;

media forking distinctly before cross vein, the base of posterior branch
obsolete, cubitus forking distinctly before cross vein.

Length, 2-2.5 ^™-
Localities: Muncie, 111., May 24, 191 4; and Monticello, 111., June

21, 1914. Swept from vegetation along the banks of streams by C. A.

Hart and the writer.

Originally described from the District of Columbia, and subse-

quently recorded by Smith from New Jersey.

I have decided that this species belongs more properly to Hetero-

myia than to Palpomyia because of the thickening of the fore femora
and the absence of spines from the other pairs. I had not seen the

species when I wrote my recent revision of the genus Palpomyia.

7. Heteromyia opacithorax, n. sp.

Female.—Differs from hirfa and flavipes in being much more
robust, in having the thorax subopaque, the surface with slight pruines-

cence and slightly granulose, the scutellum much broader, and the legs

more obscured by black. The antenna is barely longer than head and
thorax together, and the third vein reaches to more than three fourths

of the wing-length. Tarsal characters as in flavipes.

Length, 2 mm.
Type locality, St. Joseph, 111., May 17, 19 14. Paratype from Du-

bois, 111., April 24, 1914. Swept from vegetation along banks of

streams.

Nothing is known of the early stages.



8. Heteromyia hirta, n. sp.

Female.—Similar in coloration to flaz'ipcs. Structurally sep-

arable by the following characters : antenna not more than one and a

fourth times as long as head and thorax together; mesonotum with

closely placed, very distinct hairs ; third vein to less than three fourths

the wing-length.

Male.—Differs from the male of flavipes in having the mesono-

tum with distinct hairs and the hypopygium much smaller.

Length: male, 1.5 mm.; female, 2-2.5 rn™-

Type locality, Muncie, 111., May 24, and July 5, 1914. Taken by

the writer under the same conditions as flavipes.

9. Heteromyia flavipes Meigen

Ceratopogon flavipes Meigen, Syst. Besclir. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1, 1818, p. 82,

sp. 3.5.

Female.—Glossy black. Base of abdomen sometimes yellowish.

Legs yellow, coxae, apices of femora, apices of fore and mid tibiae

(narrowly) and of posterior pair (broadly), apical three joints of fore

and mid tarsi and whole of posterior pair, blackened. Wings slightly

grayish, veins brown. Halteres black, stems yellowish.

Frons narrow, the sides converging anteriorly; antennae with the

second joint of moderate size, flagellum slender, entire length of an-

tenna equal to one and a half times the combined length of head and

thorax. Mesonotum without distinct discal setulae. Abdomen elon-

gate, slightly flattened. Legs strong, fore femora distinctly thicker

than the mid and hind pairs, their apical half with about twelve short

stout thorns on antero-ventral surface ; mid and hind femora unarmed

;

hind tibiae with the hairs on dorsal surface rather setulose ; basal joint

of hind tarsus slightly thickened, tapering to apex, as long as next

three joints combined; fourth joint of all tarsi short, obcordate; fifth

joint more than twice as long as fourth, without ventral spines ; claws

on all legs subequal, those on hind tarsi not longer than on the other

pairs. Third vein to four fifths the wing-length ; first not reaching to

middle of last section of third, the section beyond the cross vein about

one third as long as preceding section; media forking distinctly in

front of cross vein; cubitus forking in line with base of posterior

branch of media.

Male.—Much darker than the female ; legs black, the fore pair ex-

cept apices of tarsi, the bases of mid and hind femora, and bases of

tarsi yellow ; mid and hind tibiae generally much obscured by black.



3ai

Antenna about one and a half times as long as head and thorax
combined. Hypopygium large, protruding, apical portion of lateral

arm about two thirds as long as basal portion, tapering to a fine point,

at apex distinctly incurved. Legs as in female, though the fore fem-
ora have fewer thorns. Third vein extending slightly less than to three

fourths the wing-length; first vein slightly less than half the length of

third ; cubitus forking very slightly beyond the cross vein.

Length: male, 2-2.5 rnm. ; female, 2.5-3 "I"''-

Illinois locality, Muncie, July 5, 1914. A very large series of both
sexes was taken May 24, 1914, at the same place. All the specimens
were taken, by Mr. Hart and the writer, in sweeping vegetation on the

banks of Stony Creek.

The only previous record of this species from this country is that

contained in the New Jersey list of insects. Originally described from
Europe.

Serromyia Meigen

This genus is, as far as is known, represented in Illinois by a single

species, though it is possible that fcmorata Meigen may also occur.

I. Serromyia femorata Meigen

Ceraiopogon femoraliis Meigen, Klass. u. Beschr. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1, 1804,

p. 24.

Serromijia femorata Meigen ; Malloeh, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10,

p. 217.

This species was originally described from Europe, where it is one

of the commonest species belonging to the group with spinose femora.

It has been recorded from Alaska, by Coquillett, and I have seen a fe-

male specimen, submitted by Professor Johannsen, from Ellis, N. Y.,

June 13, 1904.

2. Serromyia crassifemorata Malloeh

Serromyia crassifemorata Malloeh, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10,

Art. 4 (1914), p. 218.

This Species is separable from femorata by the structure of the

hind tarsal claws, which are ecjual in length, whereas in femorata they

are very unequal, the inner being four times as long as the outer.

Type locality, Mt. Carmel, 111., May 28, 1884 (H. Garman). Two
females. I have seen no other specimen.



332

JoHANNSENOMYiA, nov. nom.

In my previous paper in this Bulletin, Article IV of this volume, I

included all the species previously placed in Johannseniella by various

authors, but have now erected another genus, Hartomyia, for the

reception of species having the media petiolate. In the present paper I

have, therefore, restricted the scope of Johannsenomyia, including in it

only those species which have the media furcate proximad of the cross

vein. The change of name from Johannseniella to Johannsenomyia
becomes necessary because of the following facts: Ceratolophus was
erected by Kiefifer* with one species included, femoratus Meigen; but

as the type species is also the type of Serromyia'\, Ceratolophus is a

synonym of Serromyia. Failing to recognize this fact, Kiefifer pro-

posed to replace the name Ceratolophus Kiefifer, not Boucort (1873),
with the name Johannseniella, thereby inadvertently adding another

synonym to Serromyia. As the name he proposed was intended as a

compliment to a worker who is a distinguished authority on the group,

I consider it advisable to retain the generic name in a form as near to

the original as possible.

Kieffer in a paper in the Memoirs of the Indian Museum^ dealing

with Indian Chironomidcc makes /ohannseniella a synonym of Sphce-

romyas, ignoring the fact that the type of the latter, fasciatus Meigen,

does not possess the characters indicated in his description of that

genus.

Key to Species

1. Wings with distinct black marks other than the infuscation on the
cross vein 2

— Wings without any black marks, only the cross vein in some species

infuscated 3

2. Wings with 2 black spots ; tibiae entirely black 1. dimidiata.
— Wings (PI. XXII, Fig. 12) with 2 black spots; tibiae black at apices

only 2. bimaculata.

3. Abdomen covered with silvery pruinesccnce 3. argentata.
— Abdomen without silvery pruineseence 4
4. Cross vein of wing very conspicuously darker than other veins,

which with the field of the wing are whitish 4. albaria.— Cross vein of wing not darker than other veins, wings either grayish
or hyaline, veins brownish 5

5. Yellow species 5. flavidula.— Black or blackish brovrn species 6

6. Last tarsal joint without spines on the ventral surface 7— Last tarsal joint with distinct spines on the ventral surface 12

*Bull. Soe. Ent. France, 1899, p. 69.

tSee Meigen 's Syst. Besehr. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1, 1818, p. 83.

tVol. 2, 1910, p. 194.



333

7. Halteres pale ; fore and mid tarsal claws short, subequal, hind pair

very unequal, the inner about 4 times as long as the outer

6. polita.

— Claws on all tarsi subequal 8

8. Halteres brown, tarsal claws small 9

— Halteres pale, yellow or white 10

9. Distance from cross vein to apex of third much greater than that

from apex of third to apex of wing ; hypopygium very large

7. cequalis.

— Distance from cross vein to apex of third subequal to that from apex
of third to apex of wing; hypopygium small 8. caudelli, $ .

10. Small species, 1 mm. ; claws minute, third vein united to first on
its basal fourth Hartomyia arctica* (p. 343).

— Larger species, at least 1.75 mm. ; claws rather large, third vein
united to first by the normal cross vein 11

11. Small species, 1.75 mm., third vein extending almost to apex of

wing ; 9. macroneura.
— Larger species, 4 mm. ; third vein extending to five sixths the wing-

length 10. magna.
12. Tarsal claws on all legs unequal

;
posterior branch of media obliter-

ated except near apex 11. stigmalis.
— Tarsal claws on all legs subequal

;
posterior branch of media distinct

except at its base 13
13. Antenna not as long as head and thorax together ; halteres yellow,

sometimes brownish; hind tarsus with basal joint as long as next
3 joints combined 8. caudelli, 9 .— Antenna slightly longer than head and thorax combined; knob of

halteres black; hind tarsus with basal joint as long as remaining
joints combined 12. Jialteralis.

I. JOHANNSENOMYIA DIMIDIATA AdamS
Ceratopogon dimidiatus Adams, Bull. Kans. Univ., Vol. 2, 190.3, p. 27.

Johaniiseniella dhnidiata (Adams) Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist.,

Vol. 10, p. 226.

I have not seen tliis species, which was originally described by

Adams from Arizona. It is very closely related to biiiiaciilata Loevv.

2. JOHANNSENOMYIA BIMACULATA LoCW
Ceratopogon himaculatus Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1861, p. 311, sp. 6.

Johannseniella bimacnlata (Loew) Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist.,

Vol. 10, p. 227.

I redescribed this species in Article IV of Volume X of this BuUe-

tin (p. 227 ).

*This species is inserted here as well as in Hartomi/ia because of a slight doubt

as to its generic position.



334

Illinois localities : Pulaski, Algonquin, Monticello, and Urbana.
Taken on dates ranging from the end of June to the end of August.

Early stages and habits unknown.

3. JOHANNSENOMYIA ARGENTATA Loew

Ceratopogon argentatus Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1861, p. 310, sp. 5.

Johannseniella argentata (Loew) Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol.

10, p. 226.

Female.—Black, shining. Head yellow, apices of the short joints

of flagellum of antennje and the whole of the apical five joints brown.
Abdomen black, the surface obscured by dense silvery pruinescence.

Legs yellow, blackened on mid and hind coxae, on middle of hind fem-
ora and their extreme apices, on basal half of hind tibije, also apical

three joints of all tarsi. Wings with a slight infuscation on cross vein,

along anterior branch of media, and on the cells between radius and
costa. Halteres black.

Eyes separated by a narrow line ; antenna reaching to about middle
of abdomen. Mesonotum with the disc covered with short closely

placed pale hairs, lateral view of anterior half as in Figure 5, Plate

XXIII. Abdomen slightly spatulate. Legs slender, noticeably elon-

gated ; basal joint of hind tarsus longer than the remaining joints to-

gether; fifth tarsal joint on all legs with a row of 6-7 long bristles on
each side of ventral surface extending from base somewhat beyond the

middle ; inner claw of each tarsus about a fourth as long as the outer.

Third vein to about seven eighths of the wing-length ; first vein about a
third the length of third; media forking distinctly in front of cross

vein; cubitus forking below the base of posterior fork of media.

Length, 3.5-4.5 mm.
Illinois localities: Pike, May 26, 1906; Monticello, June; Lilly,

June 1 1 ; Mt. Carmel, June 30 ; Algonquin, June and July ; Urbana and
Havana, July; and Centerville, August 16.

It is strange that out of thirty-eight specimens in the collection

here there should be no males. The females undoubtedly do predom-
inate in Ceratogoponincc, but this is an exceptional instance. Prof. J.

M. Aldrich has taken numerous females of this species at Lafayette,

Ind., but no males. By an unfortunate slip this species was not de-
scribed in my revision of the genus published in Article IV of this

volume.

Originally described from Washington, D. C.

Early stages and habits of adults unknown. The male is unde-
scribed.



4- JOHANNSENOMYIA A^BARIA Coquillett

Ceratopogon albarius Coquillett, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scl. Phil., 1895, p. 308.

Johannseniella UMgnipennis Johannsen, Bull. 124, N. Y. State Mus., 1908, p. 268.

Johannseniella albaria (Coquillett) Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol.

10, p. 228.

In addition to Algonquin, Urbana, and Havana, Illinois localities

already recorded, specimens of this species have been added to the

Laboratory collection this year (1914) from the following localities,

also in Illinois: Muncie, May and July, Monticello, June, and Sum-
ner, August 2.

Females only have been taken, and no information as to the habits

of the.adult has been obtained.

5. JOHANNSENOMYIA FLAVIDULA Malloch

Johannseniella flavidxila Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10, Art. IV.

(1914), p. 230.

Havana and Algonquin are the localities already recorded for this

species, and Mr. Hart and the writer took large numbers of the pupae

from the Big Muddy River near Grand Tower, 111., in April 1914,

from which both sexes were reared.

6. JOHANNSENOMYIA POEITA Coquillett

Ceratopogon politus Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. G06.

Johannseniella polita (Coquillett) Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol.

10, p. 227.

Female.—Glossy black. Legs brownish black, apices of tibiae paler,

tarsi whitish yellow. Knobs of halteres whitish yellow.

Eyes narrowly separated ; antenna short, barely as long as head
and thorax together. Mesonotum with the discal hairs rather long,

those on center confined to the normal three lines ; the setulose hairs in

front of wing-base and on margin of scutellum very long. Legs not

noticeably thickened nor elongated ; basal joint of hind tarsus not half

as long as hind tibia and equal in length to the next three joints com-
bined; fifth tarsal joint unspined; fore and mid tarsi with the claws

subequal, hind pair with the inner four times as long as the outer.

Third vein to two thirds the wing-length ; first vein to middle of third

;

media forking at cross vein, the base of the posterior branch indis-

tinct ; cubitus forking below cross vein.

Length, 1.5 mm.
I have not seen this species from Illinois, the only example I have

being a female submitted bv Prof. O. A. Johannsen, taken at Ithaca,

N. Y.



336

Originally described from Massachusetts. The male is undescribed.

Early stages and habits of adult unknown.
Coquillett states that the eyes are very widely separated, but in the

specimen before me they are only narrowly so, though the vertex has

the eves widely diverging posteriorly, which may be what Coquillett

saw instead of the frons.

7. JOHANNSENOMYIA ^QUALIS, n. Sp.

.Male.—This species agrees in coloration and size with polita, ex-

cept that the halteres are brown and the antennal flagellum on basal

half and its plumes are yellow.

The eyes are widely separated ; antenna slightly longer than head

and thorax combined, basal joint of flagellum one and a half times as

long as second ; apical five joints elongated. Mesonotum not so highly

polished as in polita, the hairs and their disposition similar to those

of that species. Abdomen short ; the hypopygium exceptionally large,

about equal in length to remainder of abdomen, basal portion of lat-

eral arm about four times as long as its diameter, apical portion about

two thirds as long as basal, its apex in the form of a long slender hook.

Legs slender; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than remaining
joints together; fifth tarsal joint unspined; tarsal claws rather small,

equal on all legs. Third vein to four fifths the wing-length; first, dis-

tinctly short of middle of third ; media forking distinctly in front of

cross vein, the base of posterior branch indistinct; cubitus forking be-

low cross vein.

Length, 1.5 mm.
Type locality, Muncie, 111., on bank of Stony Creek, July 5, 1914

{]. R. Malloch). Paratypes from Centerville, 111., August 16, 1914
(j. R. Malloch).

This species is remarkably close to polita in color, and as the male
of the latter in all probability has the claws of the tarsi subequal it is

likely to be difficult to separate the males of the two species. The prin-

cipal reason why I have accepted this as distinct from polita is because

of the difference in venation. It is, I believe, a general rule that where
the elongation of the third vein is unequal in the sexes, the greater

elongation is in the female. Should the male described herewith prove
ultimately to be that of polita it will be an exception to the rule. As
indicated in the key to species, ccqualis is also closely related to cau-

delli.

Female and early stages unknown.



337

8. JOHANNSENOMYIA CAUDELLI Coquillett

Ceraiopogon caudelli Coquillett, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 13, 1905, p. 63.

Johannseniella caudelli (Coquillett) Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist.,

Vol. 10, p. 227.

This species I redescribed in an earlier article of this volume (Art.

IV., p. 231 ). In addition to Havana and Algonquin, the Illinois local-

ities already recorded, Mr. Hart and the writer have taken this species

in great numbers in the pupal stage in the Little Wabash River at

Carmi and in the Big Muddy River near Grand Tower. Adults have

also been taken at St. Joseph, Dubois, and Carbondale. Pupal stage

taken in April ; adults, end of April and early part of May. I have

seen three males taken by Professor Aldrich at Lafayette, Ind., May
2, 1914-

Ccratopogon flaviceps Johannsen may be a synonym, though I am
unable to say definitely from the description.

9. JoHANNSENOMYIA MACRONEURA, n. Sp.

Female.—Brownish black, glossy. Face, flagellum of antennae,

palpi, and proboscis brownish yellow. Ventral surface of abdomen
reddish. Legs brownish black, fore coxje and trochanters and bases of

all femora yellowish, all tarsi with the basal four joints whitish, the

apical joint and claws black. Wings clear, veins yellowish. Halteres

whitish.

Eyes separated by about one sixth the head-width
;
joints of basal

half of flagellum distinctly but not greatly longer than broad; entire

length of antennae one and a third that of head and thorax together.

Thoracic hairs short, rather stout and sparse. Legs stout, not elongate

;

hind tibise at apices as stout as femora ; basal joint of hind tarsi about

half as long as tibise; fifth joint without ventral spines; claws of fore

and mid legs of moderate size, those of hind legs more elongate, each

pair equal in size and with a tooth on inner sides. Third vein fused

with costa before apex, extending almost to tip of wing; first vein

ending at about one third the length of third ; base of posterior branch

of media obsolete ; cubitus forking slightly before cross vein.

Length, 1.75 mm.
Type locality, Lawrence, Kansas.

Although this species closely resembles ccqiialis in many respects, I

consider that the differences in color (especially that of the halteres)

and venation are sufficient to justify me in describing them as different

species. The media in (cqiialis forks distinctly in front of the cross

vein, while in macroneura it forks at the cross vein. The base of the

posterior branch of media is indistinct but traceable in both species.



338

The type specimen of macroneura was sent me by Prof. J. M. Al-

drich, and is in the collection of this Laboratory.

lO. JOHANNSENOMYIA MAGNA Coquillett

Ceratopogon magnus Coquillett, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 13, 1905, p. 61.

Johannseniella magna (Coquillett) Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol.

10, p. 227.

I have not seen this species. It was originally described from

Texas. Male undescribed.

II. JOHANNSENOMYIA STIGMAUS Coquillett

Ceratopogon stigmalis Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 2.5, 1902, p. 86.

Johannseniella stigmalis (Coquillett) Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist.,

Vol. 10, p. 227.

I have not seen this species. It was originally described from Las

Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico. Male undescribed.

12. JOHANNSENOMYIA HALTERAEIS, n. Sp.

Male.—Glossy black. Face, flagellum of antennae and their plumes,

and the palpi yellowish. Legs yellow, blackened on mid and hind coxae,

the hind femora, except their bases, and the whole of the hind tibiae,

apices of femora and bases of tibiae of fore and mid legs brownish

;

apices of all tarsi blackened. Halteres with black knobs.

Eyes narrowly separated ; antennae reaching to middle of abdomen
Disc of mesonotum covered with short closely placed brownish hairs.

Abdomen slender ; hypopygium very small, the apex of abdomen trun-

cated and the hypopygium generally directed downward and closely

adherent to surface of abdomen. Legs very slender and elongated, the

posterior pair particularly so ; basal joint of hind tarsus two thirds as

long as hind tibia and distinctly longer than remaining joints com-

bined; fourth joint less than half as long as fifth; the latter with two
pairs of blunt spines at middle, the fifth joint of fore and mid tarsi

unspined ; claws of fore and mid tarsi small, not a third as long as fifth

joint; those of the hind tarsi about half as long as fifth joint. Third

vein to three fourths the wing-length ; first, short of middle of third

;

media forking before cross vein ; cubitus forking below cross vein.

Female.—Glossy black. Face brownish yellow, palpi yellow. Base

of abdomen yellow. Legs yellow, black on apical third of mid and

hind femora and on the extreme apices of fore and mid tibiae and the

apical third of hind pair, and the last three tarsal joints of all legs

also black.



339

Eves narrowly separated ; antenna slightly longer than head and

thorax together.
' Hairs on mesonotum more sparse than in the male.

Abdomen spatulate. Legs not as elongate as in male; basal joint of

hind tarsus slightly more than half as long as hind tibia ; fifth joint of

all legs with 5-6 pairs of spines on under side ; tarsal claws on all legs

more than half as long as fifth joint, the hind pair the longest. Wings

as in male.

Length, 2.5-3 ^™-
Type locality, on banks of Sangamon River at Monticello. June

21-30, 1914 (J. R. Malloch). Paratypes from banks of Mackinaw

River at Lillv, 111.. June 11, 1914 (C' A. Hart), and from banks of

Stony Creek at Muncie. Ill, July 5, 1914 (J. R. jNIalloch).

I believe the female just described to be of this species, but I have

no justification for this belief except the fact that both sexes were

taken at the same time and place. The male is readily separated from

caiidclli by the much longer antennje, the presence of the two pairs of

spines on the under side of the fifth joint of the hind tarsi, and the

elongate legs, the basal joint of the hind tarsus in caiidclli being much
thicker than in haltcralis and barely more than half as long as the tibia.

The female differs from that of caiidclli in the more slender and longer

antennae, the pale color of the palpi and coxc-e, and in having the legs

more elongate, the basal joint of the hind tarsi being of equal thick-

ness throughout its entire length, whereas in caiidclli it is thickest at

the base and tapers to the apex.

Hartomyi.\, n. gen.

This genus may be recognized by the following characters : anten-

nae elongated, the apical five joints conspicuously so, plumose on the

basal eight joints of flagellum in male, short-haired throughout in fe-

male; mouth parts of female well developed, those of male less de-

veloped. Thorax with a series of distinct setulae along the mesial and
meso-lateral lines, and a group of similar setulae in front of wing-base.

Abdomen and legs similar to those of Johannsciiouiyia. Wings
bare, the spurious Y-shaped vein present in the cell between radius and
media ; media forking very distinctly beyond the cross vein, i. e., petio-

late ; anal vein simple.

Separable from Johaimscnoiiyia by the petiolate media.*

Type of genus, Ceratopogon picfus Coquillett.

*I have observed that picta and antenmilis when at rest invariably have the

wings spread in the form of an inverted V, whereas in the species of Johannsenomyia
and other genera the wings are closed over the body. I have not, however, observed

a sufficient number of species to enable me to decide whether the rule holds good for

the species generally.



340

Key to Species

1. Wings with distinct black spots or bands 2
— Wings without spots or bands 3

2. Wings with 3 black spots or bands ; male with fore and naid tarsal

claws equal, the hind pair very unequal in length. ... 1. nebulosa.
— Wings with 2 black spots (PI. XXII, Fig. 11) ; male with claws of

all tarsi subequal 2. picta.

3. Thorax yellow or green 4
— Thorax black 5

4. Thorax and abdomen green, the latter with a transverse pair of

elongate black spots on segments 3 to 5 ; all tarsal claws unequal
3. viridis.

— Thorax and abdomen yellow, unspotted; all tarsal claws minute,
subequal 4. gilva.

5. Small species, 1 mm. ; third vein fused with first on its basal fourth

;

petiole of media slightly shorter than cross vein, tarsal claws mi-
nute, subequal 5. arctica, 9 .— Larger species, 1.5 mm. ; third vein connected with first by the nor-

mal cross-vein; petiole of media longer than cross vein; tarsal

claws of female very unequal 6

6. Abdomen and halteres black ; last joint of all tarsi with a transverse
pair of blunt spines near base on ventral surface. . 6. antennalis.

— Abdomen and halteres pale 7

7. Abdomen green; last joint of all tarsi with a pair of spines near
base on ventral surface 7. diversa.

— Abdomen yellow; last tarsal joint without spines. . 8. pallidiventris.

I. Hartomyia nebulosa Coquillett

Ceratopogon neiulosus Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 606.

Johannseniella nebulosa Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10, Art. 4,

1914, p. 226.

This species is described by Coquillett as having the "thorax black,

mesonotum opaque, densely gray pruinose and marked with large,

mostly confluent spots and isolated brown dots; scutellum yellow, fore

corners brown." The wings have three brown spots or bands as fol-

lows : "the first near center of basal cell, the second beginning at basal

part of vein 3 and extending to apex of lower branch of fifth, the last

beginning on costa beyond apex of vein 3, and extending into second

posterior cell, also a small brownish spot near center of anal cell." The
media forks slightly beyond the cross vein. Halteres white.

Length, 2 mm.
Originally described from a male taken in New Jersey. Has not

been taken in Illinois to my knowledge. It probably occurs in this



state, as I have seen a male specimen taken by Professor Aldrich at

Lafayette, Ind., July 6, 19 14.

2. Hartomyia picta Coquillett

Ceratopooon pictus Coquillett, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 13, 1905, p. 60.

Male.—Bright green in life, dry specimens varying from green to

yellow. Head yellow; antennae darkened on apical half of flagellum,

the plumes golden yellow on their basal half, black on apical half, palpi

brown. Mesonotum glossy, anterior margin blackened on center, evi-

dently a vestige of the central vitta, the meso-lateral vitts glossy black,

extending the entire length of disc ; pleurae with a dark brown mark
extending from below wing-base to lower margin ; center of scutellum

suffused with dark brown, which sometimes extends to posterior por-

tion of mesonotum; postnotum brown. Abdomen glossy pale green

at base, the apical half with black marks on dorsum which sometimes
consist of dorsal, lateral, and post-marginal stripes, leaving small en-

closed pale spotlike areas, but occasionally the segments are almost en-

tirely suffused with black. Legs yellow ; mid coxa; brown ; mid femora
with a black spot on anterior side and another on posterior side near to

apices, which sometimes fuse, forming a ring; hind femora with a

black spot on the anterior surface at apical third, and the apices nar-

rowly black; mid and hind tibiae black at apices, the latter most dis-

tinctly so ; tarsal claws black. Wings clear, veins brown, the cross

vein, apex of radius, and a small spot immediately below the latter

deep black (PI. XXH, Fig. 11). Halteres yellow, sometimes brownish.

Eyes narrowly separated ; antenna about one half longer than head
and thorax combined, second joint large, globose, its dorsal surface

with a few short black setula;
;
joints of flagellum elongated, the last

5 conspicuously so; palpi short, the hairs sparse and black. Mesono-
tum without surface hairs, only the rows of setulae present ; scutellum

with a group of 6 setulose hairs at apex and one or two on each side

near base. Abdomen slightly spatulate at apex; hypopygium with the

apical portion of the lateral arms slender, not recurved. Legs slender,

surfaces with short blackish hairs, which are strongest on the dorsal

surfaces of the mid and hind tibia; ; fore tibia with a distinct apical

spine, no spine on other tibia ; basal joint of fore tarsus twice as long

as second and equal in length to the four apical joints combined ; basal

joint of middle tarsus about 2 1/3 times as long as second and dis-

tinctly longer than the combined length of the last 4; basal joint of

hind tarsus twice as long as second and but little shorter than the com-
bined length of the apical 4; fourth tarsal joint on all legs obcordate,

much shorter than fifth ; fifth without ventral spines ; claws subequal,

simple, the base but slightly produced. First vein extending half the



342

distance from humeral vein to wing-tip, third vein to two fifths of the

distance from apex of first to wing-tip; distance from cross vein to

apex of first, measured along costa, one third of that from apex of

first to apex of third ; last section of first vein little longer than the

cross vein connecting it with third ; the black spot on the posterior side

of apex of third vein takes the form of a slight callosity of the wing
membrane

;
petiole of media as long as the lower branch of cubitus, the

latter forking in vertical lines with the apex of first vein and well be-

yond the cross vein.

Female.—Color as in the male but the black marks on the abdo-
men generally less coalescent, and those on the legs and wings more
distinct.

The antennae are much more slender than those of the male, and
the joints more elongated, their combined length equaling two thirds

the length of the body, surface hairs numerous, but short and weak;
head as in male except that the proboscis is stronger. Abdomen stouter

than that of male, the surface hairs weaker and paler. Legs similar

to those of male, differing principally in having the fifth tarsal joint

more elongate and with a transverse pair of bristles near its base on
ventral side ; tarsal claws unequal in size, the inner one being less than
half as large as the outer. In other respects agrees with male.

Length, 2.5-3 "^^n-

Illinois localities : Urbana—a large series of specimens, represent-

ing both sexes in about equal numbers, taken by sweeping amongst
undergrowth and trees on the banks of the old channel of Salt Fork at

the fair grounds. May 20 and July 4, 1914; Monticello, June 28, and
Mahomet, August 6, 19 14, under same conditions as above (C. A.
Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Originally described from Virginia. Male not hitherto described.

Palpomyia (Sphccromyas) himacttla Kieffer* agrees in almost
every detail with the present species. The localities given for bimacida
are Calcutta and N. Bengal. P. viridiventris Kieffer (1. c, p. 203)
also belongs to this genus but is more closely allied to viridis Coquillett.

The type locality for this species is Dawana Hills (1000 feet). Lower
Burma.

3. Hartomyia viridis Coquillett.

Ceratopogon viridis Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 607.

Johannseniella viridis Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10, Art. 4,

1914, p. 227.

Originally described from New Jersey. Has not been taken in

Illinois.

Mem. Ind. Mus., Vol. 2, 1910, p. 201.



343

4- Hartomyia gilva Coquillett

Ceratopogon gilvus Coquillett, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 1-3, 190.5, p. 62.

JohannsenieUa gilva Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Xat. Hist., Vol. 10, Art. 4,

1914, p. 227.

Owing to a typographical error the length of the species is given in

the original description as 8 mm. instead of 3 mm. I have seen a male
specimen of this species, submitted by Prof. O. A. Johannsen, from
Ithaca, N. Y., and another taken at Swarthmore, Pa., submitted by Mr.
Cresson. The male agrees with the description of the female as given

by Coquillett in being entirely yellow, in having the tarsal claws small

and subequal, and in venation. The antenna is one and a half times as

long as head and thorax together, the plumes are yellow with brownish
apices, and the legs have many long setulose surface hairs. A female

from Polk Co., \\ls. (Aldrich), has the setulose hairs on the legs

weaker than those of the male.

Originally described from three females taken at Biscayne Bay,

Florida, by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. The species probably occurs in Illinois.

5. Hartomyia arctica Coquillett

Ceratopogon arctieiis Coquillett, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. 2, 1900, p. 390.

JohannsenieUa arctica Malloch. Bull. 111. State Lab. Xat. Hist.. Vol. 10, Art. 4,

1914, p. 227.

I have not seen this species. It was originally described from
Alaska and has not been subsequently recorded. I have some doubt as

to its generic position, and have included it in the key given for species

of Johaiiusciioiiiyia as well as in the key to species of the present genus.

6. Hartomyia axtennalis Coquillett

Ceratopogon antennalis Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus., A'ol. 2.3, 1901, p. 006.

JohannsenieUa antennalis Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Xat. Hist., Vol. 10, Art.

4, 1914, p. 227.

Male.—Glossy black. Abdomen generally yellowish at base. Legs
3-ellow, mid and hind legs, with the coxae and femora, except bases",

black. Knob of halteres black. Antennal plumes brown; bodv bristles

black.

Eyes contiguous ; antennae reaching to middle of abdomen. Tho-
racic hairs weak. Hypopygium barely longer than last abdominal seg-

ment. Legs slender, basal joint of tarsi longer than the other joints

combined ; fifth joint without ventral spines ; claws small, simple, equal.

Third vein to about three fourths the wing-length; first about one



fourth the length of third ; media forking beyond end of first vein

;

cubitus forking below end of first vein.

Female.—Agrees in coloration with the male. Differs from the

male in having the antennse with short white hairs, the fifth tarsal

joint with a transverse pair of bristles near base on ventral surface,

and the tarsal claws on all legs very unequal, the outer one being about

three times as long as the inner. Otherwise as male.

Length, 1.5 mm.
Illinois localities : Urbana, Mahomet, and Monticello, June 30 to

August 6, 1914; swept from vegetation along banks of streams (C. A.

Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Originally described from the District of Columbia. Male not

hitherto described. I have seen three females taken at Lafayette, Ind.,

by Professor Aldrich on June i, August 5 and 15, 1914.

7. Hartomyia diversa Coquillett

Ceratopogon diversus Coquillett, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 607.

Johannseniella diversa Malloch, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10, Art. 4,

1914, p. 227.

I have not seen this species. It is described by Coquillett as differ-

ing from antennalis in having the abdomen green, and the legs entirely

light yellow.

Originally described from New Jersey.

8. Hartomyia paludiventris, n. sp.

Female.—Black, shining. Head, including antennae, palpi, and
proboscis, yellow. Abdomen yellowish, white in life. Legs entirely

yellow. Halteres white.

Eyes contiguous, antenna as long as entire body. Hairs on thorax
weak. Abdomen ovate, very stout. Legs slender ; basal joint of tarsi

longer than the remaining joints together; fifth joint without distin-

guishable ventral spines ; outer tarsal claw very long and slender, the

inner particularly slender and about half as long as outer. Third vein

reaching beyond three fourths the wing length ; first, to one fifth the

length of third ; media forking distinctly beyond apex of first vein

;

furcation of cubitus slightly proximad of that of media.

Length, i mm.
Type locality, Urbana, 111., May 20, 19 14, swept from vegetation

along the bank of Salt Fork at the fair grounds (J. R. Malloch).



345

A female taken by Professor Aldrich at Lafayette, Ind., July 25,

1914, differs from the type in having the dorsum of the abdomen dark-

ened.

Coquillett's description of diversa is not very satisfactory, but the

points of difference between it and pallidiventris are quite sufficient to

warrant me in concluding that the species just described is not the

same as diversa.

Bezzia Kieffer

This genus is separable from Palpoinyia by the absence of the cross

vein which in that genus connects the first and third veins.

The only species which has been reared from the larva is sctjilosa

Loew. A description of the early stages of this species is given by
Johannsen in Bulletin 86 of the New York State Museum, 1905, p.

102, and a brief description of all the stages is given herewith. The
habits of the adult are unknown.

Key to Species

1. \Ving.s with 2 black spots 1. punctipennis.
— Wings unspotted , 2

2. Only the fore femora with spines 3— At least the fore and hind femora spinose 9

3. Halteres black 4— Halteres pale, rarely brownish 6

4. Mesonotum black, with dense gray pruinesceuce ; scutellum yellow

;

legs mostly yellow; fore femora with a pair of widely separated
spines on ventral surface 2. cockerelli.

— Mesonotum glossy black, not distinctly pruinescent; legs mostly
black ; fore femora with more than 2 spines on ventral surface ... 5

5. Claws simple ; antennaj brown, if turned back reaching to middle of

mesonotum 3. venustida.
— Claws with central tooth on inner side; antennae exceeding length

of head and thorax combined 4. flavitarsis.

6. Hind tibiae with distinct bristles ; legs black, tarsi except the narrow
apices of joints, a ring before apices of fore femora, and both ends
of fore and mid tibis except their extreme apices yellow; abdo-
men black 5. media.

— Hind tibiffi without bristles ; legs not colored as above 7

7. Abdomen black 6. pruinosa.
— Abdomen partly yellow S

8. Abdomen pale yellow, dorsum of fii-st segment brown; legs yellow,

eoxffi, a band before apices of foi-e and mid femora, and one near
base of fore and hind tibife, and hiiid femora except extreme bases
black 7. varicolor.

— Basal half of abdomen pale yellow, apical half blackened; legs yel-



346

low, coxae, extreme bases of hind femora, a band beyond middle of

fore and mid femora and their extreme apiees, the apical fourth of

hind femora, a band on basal half of fore tibiae and the narrow
apiees of all tibiae blackened 8. apicata.

9. All femora with 1 spine 9. barberi.

— At least fore and hind femora with more than one spine 10

10. Halteres black or brown 11
— Halteres white or yellow 13
11. Mesonotum bro\vn, with dense gray pruinescence, a brown median

vitta on anterior half and a transverse row of bro^vn spots at mid-
dle ; seutellum yellow 10. pulverea.

— Mesonotum and seutellum black 12
12. All femora spinose on almost their entire length ; mesonotum opaque

11. jolinsoni.

— Mid femora generally devoid of spines, the other pairs spined on
apical half ; mesonotum with 3 glossy vittaj, the remaining portions

with distinct white pruinescence 12. dentata.

13. Abdomen white or yellowish, sometimes fuscous-tinged ; fifth tarsal

joint unspined 14
— Abdomen black ; fifth tarsal joint with distinct ventral spines

13. setipes.

14. Mid and hind legs with their femora and tibiae entirely black

14. alhidorsata.— Mid and hind legs pale yellow, their bases and apiees blackened ....

15. setulosa.

I. Bezzia punctipennis WilHston

Ceratopogon punctipennis Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 278.

Bezzia punctipennis (Williston) Malloeh, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, A^ol. 22, 1914,

p. 282.

Described from St. Vincent, British West Indies, and not subse-
cjuently recorded.

2. Bezzia cockerELEI, n. sp.

Female.—Brownish black, slightly shining. Head black, face yel-

lowish brown, basal 2 joints of antennje black, the flagellum missing.

Thorax with dense yellowish pruinescence almost obscuring the

ground color; seutellum yellow. Abdomen distinctly shining, not

pruinescent. Legs yellow, coxse, trochanters, fore and mid knees,

apices of hind femora and the narrow apices of all tibiae and of the

basal two tarsal joints blackish brown, apical three tarsal joints black.

Wings clear, veins yellow. Halteres dark brown.
Eyes separated by about one sixth the head-width. Mesonotum

with microscopic closely placed black hairs on disc, each of which is set



in a minute puncture; in front of wing-base a group of 8-10 stout

black setulse ; scutellum with about six marginal setulas, disc with many
microscopic hairs. Abdomen almost parallel-sided, the surface with

very weak hairs. Legs strong, fore femora slightly stouter than hind

pair, one stout thornlike bristle at middle on ventral surface and an-

other midway between it and the apex ; other femora unspined ; hind

tibite without strong hairs; basal joint of hind tarsi as long as next

three together; fifth joint twice as long as fourth, without ventral

bristles ; claws rather short, equal in length, and with a small median

inner tooth. Third vein to three fourths the wing-length, first to two
fifths the length of third ; media forking at cross vein ; cubitus forking

almost directly below cross vein.

Length, 3 mm.
Type locality, Modern. Col, May 28 (T. D. A. Cockerell). Named

in honor of the captor.

This species has not been taken in Illinois.

3. Bezzia venustula Williston

Ceratopogon venustulus Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 278.

Bez2ia venustula (Williston) Malloct, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 22, p. 282.

Described from St. Vincent, British West Indies, and not subse-

quently recorded.

4. Bezzia flavitarsis Malloch

Bezzia flavitarsis Mallocli, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 22, 1914, p. 283.

This species while almost the same in color as dcntata Malloch is

readily separated from it by the different bristling on the legs and by
the venation. In flaz'itarsis there are 4-5 spines on the apical half of

the ventral surface of the fore femora only, the other pairs being nude
except for a short spine at the apex on the anterior surface. The tibial

bristles are also much less numerous and less conspicuous than in dcn-

tata. The third vein extends to less than three fourths the wing-length.

Originally described by the writer from female specimens obtained

at Monticello, 111., June 21, IQ14, on the bank of Sangamon River. In

addition to this locality, specimens have since been obtained in Illinois

by the writer at Muncie, July 5. Mr. Hart collected specimens, July

IS,, IQ14, from two Michigan localities, namely. Little Bear Lake at

Grand Junction, and South Haven.
At Little Bear Lake Mr. Hart took a single male specimen. It dif-

fers from the female in having the flagellum of the antennae yellow ex-

cept on the apical third, the antennal plumes golden vellow, the entire

length of antenna nearly twice that of head and thorax combined, the

tibiae more strongly setulose, the third vein to about two thirds the

wing-length, and the first to middle of third.



, 348

5. Bezzia media Coquillett

Ceratopogon medius Coquillett, Proe. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 6, 1904, p. 166.

Bezzia media. (Coquillett) Malloeh, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 22, 1914, p. 282.

Originally described from New Jersey. Male undescribed. Has
not been taken in Illinois.

6. Bezzia pruinosa Coquillett

Ceratopogon pruinosus Coquillett, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Vol. 13, 1905, p. 59.

Bezzia pruinosa (Coquillett) Malloeh, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 22, 1914,

p. 282.

I have not seen this species.

Originally described from a female specimen collected at Bear
Lake, B. C.

7. Bezzia varicolor Coquillett

Ceratopogon varicolor Coquillett, Ent. News, Vol. 13, 1902, p. 84.

Bezzia varicolor (Coquillett) Malloeh, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 22, 1914, p. 282.

Originally described from Long Island, N. Y. Male undescribed.

Has not been taken in Illinois.

8. Bezzia apicata Malloeh

Bezzia apicata Malloeh, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soe., Vol. 22, 1914, p. 284.

Originally described by the writer from a single male obtained at

Muncie, 111., May 24, IQ14. No further material has been obtained.

The female probably differs considerably in structure from the

male, but if the general rule for the group holds good in this species

the abdomen should be entirely white and the legs should be less con-

spicuously blackened.

9. Bezzia barberi Coquillett

Ceratopogon harberi Coquillett, Proe. V. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 601.

Bezzi<i barberi (Coquillett) Malloeh, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 22, 1914, p. 282.

Originally described from Chesapeake Beach, Md. Male unde-
scribed. Has not been taken in Illinois.

10. Bezzia pulverEa Coquillett

Ceratopogon pulvereus Coquillett, Proe V. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 600.

Bezzia pnlverea (Coquillett) Malloeh, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 22, 1914, p. 283.

Originally described from New Jersey and the District of Colum-
bia. Male undescribed. Has not been taken in Illinois.



349

II. Bezzia JOHNSONI Coquillett

Ceralopogon johnsoni Coquillett, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 600.

Bezzia johnsoni (Coquillett) Malloch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 22, 1914, p. 282.

Originally described from New Jersey. Male undescribed. Has
not been taken in Illinois.

12. Bezzi.a. dextata Malloch

Bezzia dentata Malloch, Jour. X. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 22, 1914, p. 284.

This species is very close to the description of johnsoni, but the

characters given in the kev should serve to separate the two. Coquil-

lett states in his description of johnsoni that one claw on each tarsus

has a median tooth, whereas in dentata both claws have this tooth. The
male has both tarsal claws simple.

Originally described from Monticello, III., by the writer. Dates of

occurrence, June 21-28. A male was obtained on the bank of Salt

Fork at Urbana. 111., Julv 4, IQ14, bv the writer.

13. Bezzia setipes Coquillett

Ceratopogon setipes Coquillett, Jour. X. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 13, 190.5, p. 59.

Bezzia setipes (Coquillett) Malloch, Jour. X. Y. Ent. Soc Vol. 22, 1914, p. 2S2.

Originally described from Brownsville, Texas. Male undescribed.

Has not been taken in Illinois.

14. Bezzia albidorsata. n. sp.

Female.—Black, slightlv shining. Antenme brown, the bases of

the short flagellar joints yellow. Mesonotum deep black, the disc with

conspicuous white pruinescence which is so distributed that the disc

has on the anterior half a black divided median vitta, laterallv on the

posterior half a large \'-shaped mark of same color with its narrow
extremity on posterior margin, and a curved black spot covering the

anterior dorso-lateral depressions ; pleurae and scutellum slightlv shin-

ing, with slight pruinescence. Dorsal surface of abdomen covered
with a dense whitish pile which is so short as to appear like pruines-

cence, and so dense that the abdomen appears whitish or vellowish ex-

cept on apical segment ; venter fuscous. Legs glossy black, fore fem-

ora with an obscure yellow band at apices, fore tibije with a similar

band near bases and another near apices ; tarsi pale yellow, the apices

of the joints narrowly blackened. Wings clear. Halteres whitish.

Eyes separated by about one sixth the width of head ; antenna equal

in length to head and thorax together. ]\Iesonotum with the discal

hairs short and setulose. Abdomen narrow, slightly widest before

middle. Legs strong ; fore femora with 4-5 ventral spines ; hind femora



350

with one spine, cibiae with rather strong bristles; basal joint of hind
tarsi shorter than remainin.e: joints tog^ether; fifth joint without ven-
tral spines ; claws rather small, subequal, each with an inner median
tooth. Third vein to about three fourths the wing-length, first short

of middle of third; cross vein distinctly before wing-middle and
slightly in front of fork of cubitus.

Length, 3. mm.
Type locality, Algonquin, 111., July 12, 1895 (W. A. Nason). Para-

type from Wallops Island, Va., May 25, 1913 (W. L. McAtee).
Should the spine on hind femora be overlooked or absent this

species will run down to media in the foregoing key, from which the
whitish abdomen readily separates it.

15. Bezzia setulosa Loew
Ceratopogon setulosus Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1861, p. 312, sp. 8.

Bezzia setulosa (Loew) Malloch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soe., Vol. 22, 1914, p. 282.

Larva.—Length, 6-7 mm. White. Head brownish, eye spot du-
plicated, black ; dorsal surface with a few weak hairs. Mandibles with-
out distinct teeth, the apical half slender, curved, the basal half thick-

ened, the general shape similar to that of Palpomyia longipennis ; la-

bium produced anteriorly at center in the form of a rather sharp sim-
ple tooth. Abdomen as in longipennis.

Pupa.—Length, 3.5 mm. Brownish. Thoracic respiratory organ
about five times as long as wide, of almost the same width throughout,
the surface with a few inconspicuous hairs, trachea filling almost the
entire area, without decided convolutions ; dorsum of thorax on the an-
terior half with minute granulations, and a group of five weak hairs on
each side at middle. First abdominal segment with about five weak
hairs on dorsum, the succeeding segments, viewed from the side, with
about twelve small tubercles, three of which, in a perpendicular row
beyond the middle, are the most distinct, each tubercle armed at the

apex with a hair. (Apical segment broken.)
Imago; Male.—Black. Antennal plumes golden yellow. Thorax

covered with dense pruinescence, the disc of mesonotum with a brown
anterior divided median vitta which reaches beyond middle, and a lat-

eral streak of same color which reaches from posterior margin to mid-
dle ; scutellum yellow, often brownish. Abdomen yellowish white, the

apical 2-3 segments tinged with fuscous. Legs pale yellow, coxae

black, the bases of all femora, a ring before apices of fore femora, the

apical third of mid and hind femora, a ring beyond base of fore tibiae,

the basal third of mid and hind pairs, and narrow apices of all tibiae

and the apices of the tarsal joints black. Wings clear, veins yellow.

Halteres yellow.

Eyes narrowly separated; antenna nearly twice as long as head
and thorax together. Mesonotum with numerous discal hairs which



351

are arranged regularly over the entire surface ; from in front of wing-

base to scutellum, on lateral margins, there is a series of distinct black

setulos hairs; scutellum with six strong marginal hairs. Abdomen
slender, rather densely covered with short black hairs; hypopygium

small. Legs slender ; fore femora with 4-6, mid and hind femora with

1-2, spines each; femora and tibiae with the surface setulose; fifth

tarsal joint unspined ; claws small, equal, simple. Third vein slightly

more than to two thirds the wing-length; first, slightly short of middle

of third ; cubitus forking slightly beyond cross vein.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the antennae short-

liaired. their entire length equal to about one and a half times that of

head and thorax combined ; the larval claws larger, and each with an

inner median tooth, and the third vein to almost three fourths the wing-

length.

Length, 3 mm.
Illinois localities : Urbana, St. Joseph, Mahomet, Muncie, Monti-

cello, Havana, Normal, Dubois, and Grand Tower. Dates of occur-

rence range from April to August. It is the commonest species of the

genus.

The writer succeeded in rearing a female from a larva obtained

from Salt Fork at St. Joseph, April 5, 1914.

Originally described from the District of Columbia by Loew, and
subsequently recorded from New Jersey and New York. Professor

Johannsen reared the species, and figures details of the larva and

pupa.*

I have seen a male and female of this species taken by Professor

Aldrich at Moscow, Idaho, the former on parsnip flowers, July 2,

1912. and the latter August 23, 1912.

PsEUDOBEzziA, n. gen.

This genus is distinguished from Bcccia by the petiolate media. In

other respects the two genera agree.

Tvpe of genus, Ceratopogon expoUtus Coquillett.

PsEUDOBEzziA EXPOUTA Coquillett

Ceratopogon expoUtus Coquillett, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1903, p. 600.

Bezzia expolita (Coquillett) Malloch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 22, 1914, p. 282.

This species is described by Coquillett as having the fore femora

with two spines on the apical half of the ventral surface, the basal joint

'Bull. 86, N. T. state Mus., 1905, PI. 18, Figs. 4-6, 9-12.



352

of hind tarsi almost twice as long as second, the fifth joint without

spines, and the larval claws simple and about half as long as fifth tar-

sal joint. The head, mesonotum, and scutellum are black, pleurae, ab-

domen, and halteres brown. The legs are dark brown, the base and a

ring before apices of mid tibia;, tarsi except apices of joints, and
fore femora wholly yellow.

Length, 2 mm.
Originally described from a male specimen obtained at Riverton,

N. J. It has not been taken in Illinois.

Probezzia Kieflfer

The species of this genus are separable from those of Bezzia by the

absence of the femoral spines, and from those of Parabezzia by the

sessile media. In a recent paper* dealing with the species of this genus

I included elegantula Johannsen and inermis Coquillett, both of which
I have since placed in Parabezzia, together with a new species de-

scribed in the present paper.

None of the species of this genus have been described in the early

stages, and the habits of the adults are unrecorded. It is safe to as-

sume, however, that the larvae are aquatic, as in allied genera, the

adults of Illinois species having generally been taken near streams, by
sweeping vegetation or, in the evenings, at light.

Key to Species

1. Apex of wing brown; third vein almost nine tenths the wing-
length 1 terminalis.

— Wings clear or only slightly infuscated 2

2. Whitish or yellowish species 3
— Black or fuscous species 4
3. Fulvous species ; eyes widely separated ; antenna not as long as head

and thorax combined; fifth tarsal joint not spinose ventrally;

third vein four fifths the wing-length 2. fulvitliorax.

— Yellowish white species; eyes narrowly separated; antenna 11/2

times as long as head and thorax combined ; legs whitish ; fifth tar-

sal joint black, with 2 rows of long spines on ventral surface ; third

vein almost to apex of wing 3. pallida.

4. Scutellum yellow, noticeably paler than mesonotum 5— Scutellum not paler than disc of mesonotum or posnotum 7

5. Mesonotum covered with pale pruinescenee and with a brown cen-

tral vitta 4. glaber.

— Mesonotum not vitiate 6

6. Scutellum reddish yellow, shining black at base ; abdomen light yel-

"Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., Vol. 27, 1914, p. 137



353

low, first segment black, tip brown ; length 3.75 mm
5. pacJiymera.

— Scutellum unieolorous brownish j'ellow; abdomen brown, paler on

dorsum ; length 2.5 mm 6. obscura.

7. Fifth joint of hind tarsus spinose ventrally 8

— Fifth joint of hind tarsus unspined 10

8. Knob of halteres black, stem yellow; abdomen white; legs black,

bases of tarsi white 7. alhiventris.

— Knob of halteres yellow or white 9

9. Thorax glossy black; abdomen white; legs whitish yellow, apical

half of all femora, apices of hind tibiae, and last tarsal joint of all

legs black; wings whitish, veins colorless 8. elegans, 9 .

— Thorax glossy black; abdomen greenish white, the dorsum black-

ened except base ; legs black, yellow on apices of coxffi, trochanters,

and bases of femora, basal four tarsal joints whitish; wings

slightly infuscated on anterior half from before cross vein almost

to apex, the veins on that portion, including anterior branch of

media, dark brown 9. smitlti.

10. Mesonotum opaque pale fuscous ; slightly gray pruinose. 10. opaca.

— Mesonotum glossy black or distinctly shining, with pruinescence

obscuring the disc in pai't 11

11. Mesonotum with 2 whitish pruinose vittse; legs black, bases of tar-

sal joints yellowish 11. hivittata.

— Mesonotum without whitish -satts ; legs with more than bases of tar-

sal joints yellow 12

12. Abdomen wholly black 13

— Abdomen pale at base 14

13. Legs black, a yellow band before apices of fore femora, another one

near apices of fore and mid tibia, and the tarsi yellow ; body high-

ly polished 12. gibber.

— Legs yellow ; eoxse, apices of hind femora, hind tibiae except bases,

and whole of hind tarsi dark brown ; body only slightly shining

;

mesonotum distinctly pruinose 13. incerta.

14. Legs yellow, apical half of all femora, extreme bases of all \\h\ve.

apices of hind tibife (rather broadly) and those of fore and mid
pairs (narrowly), and last tarsal joint, blackened. . 8. elegant, S .

— Legs yellow, knees, apices of tibise, and whole of last tarsal joint of

all legs blackened 14. flavonigra.

I. Probezzia terminalis Coquillett

Ceratopogon terminaUs Coquillett, Proc. Knt. Soe. Wash., 1004, p. 90.

Prohezzia terminalis (Coquillett) Malloch, Proe. Biol. 8oc. Wash., Vol. 27, 1914,

p. 137.

I have not seen this species. It was described from a female taken

in Nicaraugua. It is highly improbable that it occurs in Illinois.



354

2. Probezzia fulvithorax, n. sp.

Female.—Fulvous, slightly shining. Head brown on vertex ; an-

tennae fuscous ; face and palpi pale fulvous. Disc of mesonotum sub-

opaque, with very slight indications of pale pruinescence
;
pleurae shin-

ing. Abdomen slightly brownish, shining. Legs, including the coxae,

pale reddish yellow ; knees of hind legs narrowly dark brown, apical 2

joints of tarsi slightly brownish. Wings clear, veins yellow. Halteres

fulvous.

Eyes separated by about a fifth the width of head ; antenna about

as long as head and thorax combined, second joint of flagellum very

slightly longer than its diameter, the other joints becoming successively

longer to the eighth, apical 5 about 4 times as long as broad. Mesono-
tum covered with very short closely placed hairs, the usual longitudi-

nal rows of hairs almost indistinguishable
; 4-5 black setulose hairs in

front of each wing-base; scutellum with a few marginal setulose hairs.

Abdomen slender, not noticeably spatulate, the apical segment very lit-

tle broadened. Legs slender, without setulae, hind tibial hairs weak;
basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than the next 3 joints together

;

fifth joint without ventral spines; tarsal claws rather small, subequal,

each with a short tooth near base on inner side. Third vein to five

sixths the wing-length; first, to two fifths the length of third; media
forking slightly before cross vein ; cubitus forking below cross vein.

Male.—Slightly darker in color than the female. Antennal plumes
brown.

Length of antenna slightly exceeding that of head and thorax to-

gether. Hypopygium small. Legs as in female except that the tarsal

claws are distinctly smaller in comparison with the fifth joint. Third
vein to two thirds the wing-length; first, to near middle of third.

Otherwise as female.

Length: female, 2.5 mm.; male, 1.5 mm.
Type locality, Urbana, 111., July 7, 19 14, on store windows in town

after the hghts were turned on (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch). Mr.
Hart obtained 2 females at Little Bear Lake, Columbia, Mich., July

15. 1914-

3. Probezzia pallida Malloch

Prolezsia pallida Malloch, Proc. Biol. Sac. Wash., Vol. 27, 1914, p. 138.

This species was described from the female only, and I have not

yet been able to obtain the male. Muncie and Monticello, 111., are the

only localities from which I have seen this species, and June 28 is the

latest date on which it was collected.



355

It is easily distinguished from any described species in this genus

by its extremely pale color, and by the conspicuously spinose black

fifth tarsal joint of all the legs.

4. Probezzia gIvAbER Coquillett

Ceratopogon glaler Coquillett, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 25, 1902, p. 85.

Probezzia glaber (Coquillett) Malloch, Proe. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 27, p. 137.

This species was described by Coquillett from a female specimen

from Florida, and that sex only is represented in the collection before

me. The legs are pale yellow, all coxae, trochanters, a narrow spot

.

beyond middle on anterior side of fore femora, a narrow median band

on fore tibiae, and the narrow apices of all tibiae and of the tarsal

joints black. Tarsal claws of fore and mid legs of moderate size,

those of hind pair almost as long as fifth joint, subequal. Wing as in

Figure 9, Plate XXII.
Illinois localities : Havana, Peoria, and Urbana. April 30 to July

7. Collected by C. A. Hart and the writer.

5. Probezzia pachymera Williston

Ceratopogon pachymerus Williston, Biol. Cent. Amer., Supp., p. 224.

Probezzia pachymera (Williston) Malloch, Proe. Biol. See. Wash., Vol. 27, 1914,

p. 137.

Described from Vera Cruz, Mexico.

6. Probezzia obscura, n. sp.

Female.—Brown, slightly shining. Antennae pale brown. Mesono-
tum slightly pruinescent on lateral margins and at the limit of its an-

terior third, on each side ; scutellum brownish yellow. Abdomen
brown, yellowish on basal half of dorsum. Legs yellow, hind femora
gradually becoming blackened from middle to apex; apices of tibiae

narrowly blackened ; apices of tarsi brown. Halteres brown. Wings
clear, veins yellow.

Eyes separated by about one fifth the head-width ; second joint

of flagellum of antenna slightly more than twice as long as broad.

(Antennae broken.) Disc of mesonotum covered with very closely

placed, short and rather stout, blackish hairs; the group of bristles in

front of wing-base numbers 6-7; scutellum bristles strong but not

numerous. Abdomen slender, slightly broadest at second segment.

Legs stronger than in fnlvithorax ; basal joint of hind tarsus nearly

as long as the remaining joints combined; fifth joint without ven-



tral spines; tarsal claws equal, rather small, those of hind tarsi not
more than half as long as fifth joint, no distinguishable tooth on inner

side of claws. Third vein to slightly more than two thirds the wing-
length ; first, to about three sevenths the length of third ; media fork-

ing at cross vein ; forking of cubitus appreciably beyond cross vein.

Length, 2.5 mm.
Type locality, Ithaca, N. Y., July 15, 1901 (O. A. Johannsen).

7. Probezzia albiventris Loew

Ceratopogon albiventris Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitsehr., 1861, p. 311, sp. 7.

Probezzia albiventris (Loew) Malloch, Proc. Biol. See. Wash., Vol.' 27, p. 318.

I have taken only a single female specimen of this species,—Ur-
bana, 111., July 7, 1914, at light, on store window in town.

The antennje are whitish yellow, darkened apically, and extended
backward would reach to middle of abdomen. The basal joint of hind

tarsus is slightly longer than the remaining joints combined; the fifth

joint has two rows of ventral spines ; and the tarsal claws are long,

subequal, and have a distinct subbasal tooth. Third vein almost to

wing-tip ; first, short of middle of third ; media and cubitus both fork

before cross vein, the latter but slightly before it.

Length, 3 mm.
Originally described from Georgia, and subsequently recorded from

New Jersey by Smith. The male is undescribed.

8. Probezzia elEGAns Coquillett

Ceratopogon elegans Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 599.

Probezzia elegans (Coquillett) Malloch, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 27, p. 138.

The female of this species differs from the female of albiventris in

color as indicated in the key. In addition to this color difference the

antennae are comparatively shorter, the hairs on the disc of the mes-
onotum are more sparse and distinctly setulose, and the insect is more
slender and slightly smaller, being rarely over 2.5 mm. in length.

The male differs from the female in the absence of the spines on
the ventral surface of the fifth tarsal joint ; in having the antennae with
long yellowish plumes and the antennal length one and a half times

that of head and thorax combined ; also in venation, the third vein ex-

tending to about three fourths of the wing-length, and the first extend-

ing to middle of third.

Length, 1.5 mm.
Illinois localities: Muncie, May 24, 1914; Monticello, June 28,

1914,— (J. R. Malloch). Taken by sweeping amongst vegetation



357

alongside streams. I have seen a specimen which was taken on Plum-
mer's Island, Rid., May 8. 1914, by W. L. McAtee.

Originally described from a female taken at Riverton, N. J.

9. Probezzia smithi Coquillett

Ceratopogon smithii Coquillett, Proe. U. S. Nat. Miis., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 600.

Probezzia smithi (Coquillett) Malloch, Proc. Biol. Sec. Wash., Vol. 27, p. 138.

Differs from elegans in color as indicated in table. There are no
outstanding structural differences in the two species.

Illinois locality, Monticello, June 28, 1914 (J. R. Malloch).

Taken by sweeping vegetation along the banks of the Sangamon River.

The male is unknown.

10. Probezzia opaca Loew

Ceratopogon opacus Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1861, p. 312, sp. 9.

Probezzia opaca (Loew) Malloch, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 27, p. 138.

I have not seen this species. It is structurally close to inccrta, fiil-

vithorax, and obsciira. Described from Washington, D. C, and not

subsequently recorded.

Mr. C. W. Johnson has kindly examined the type specimen in Cam-
bridge and reports that it is light brown, eyes apparently separated,

although the head is greatly shrunken. Antennae about as long as

thorax. Legs light yellow, very narrowly darkened at the tips of the

femora, tibiae, and tarsal joints. Mr. Johnson's sketch of the wing
shows the first vein extending to less than one fifth the length of

third, but otherwise similar to fiikithora.r.

II. Probezzia bivittata Coquillett

Ceratopogon bivittatus Coquillett, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 13, 1905, p. 60.

Probezzia bivittata (Coquillett) Malloch, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 27, p. 138.

I have not seen this species. It was originally described from Eu-
reka, Calif. The male is unknown.

12. Probezzia gibber Coquillett

Ceratopogon gibber Coquillett, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 13, 190.5, p. 60.

Probezzia gibber (Coquillett) Malloch, Proe. Biol. Soc Wash., Vol. 27, p. 138.

I have not seen this species. Originally described from Cayamas,
Cuba. The male is unknown.



358

13- Probezzia incerta, n. sp.

Female.—Black, slightly shining. Antennse fuscous, basal half of

flagellum yellowish. Mesonotum with slight whitish pruinescence,

which is most distinct near lateral anterior angles
;
pleurje with slight

grayish pruinescence. Abdomen shining black, the surface with very
slight grayish pruinescence. Legs yellow, coxae, apices of hind femora,

hind tibise except their bases, and whole of hind tarsi dark brown.
Wings clear, veins yellow. Halteres brownish yellow.

Eyes separated by less than one sixth the width of head ; antennae

one and a half times as long as head and thorax together, second joint

of flagellum about four times as long as its diameter. Mesonotum with
very short, closely placed, black setulose hairs ; 2-3 rather weak setulse

in front of wing-base. Abdomen broadest at second segment. Legs
similar to those of fidvithorax, but the hind tarsi are thicker and the

claws comparatively much smaller, and simple. Third vein to four
fifths the wing-length; first, to two fifths the length of third; media
forking at cross vein ; cubitus forking distinctly beyond it.

Length, 2.5 mm.
Type locality, Monticello, 111., June 21-30 (J. R. Malloch). Taken

by sweeping vegetation along the bank of the Sangamon River.

14. Probezzia flavonigra Coquillett

Ceratopogon flavoniger Coquillett, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 13, 1905, p. 60.

Prohezzia flavonigra (Coquillett) Malloch, Proe. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 27, p. 138.

This species, if distinct, must be very close to the male of elegans.

Coquillett described the species from a male taken at Bear Lake, B. C,
and no subsequent captures are recorded. The only distinctions be-

tween the descriptions of flavonigra and elegans are given in the fore-
going key to the species.

Parabezzia, n. gen.

The species of this genus are separable from those of Probezzia by
the petiolate media. In Probezzia the media forks either at or before
the cross vein.

Type of genus, Parabezzia petiolata, n. sp.

Key to Species

1. Glossy black species; third vein less than to two thirds the wing-
length 1. petiolata.

— Opaque black species with yellow scutellum, or entirely yellow
species; third vein more than to two thirds the wing-length 2



2. Yellow species ; third vein to three fourths the wing-length ; legs yel-

low, apices of hind femora, bases of hind tibiffi, and apices of all

tibiae and of all tarsi blackened 2. elegantula.

— Opaque black species; scutellum, halteres, and tarsi yellow; third

vein to five sixths the wing-length 3. inermis.

I. Parabezzia PETiOLATA, n. sp.

Male.—Glossy black. Legs black, tarsi almost entirely whitish

yellow. Wings clear, veins almost colorless. Halteres white, Anten-

nal plumes brownish, whitish at apex ; body hairs and setuls black.

Eyes distinctly separated ; antennae about one and a half times as

long as head and thorax combined. Disc of mesonotum unpunctured

and without any pruinescence, the discal hairs strong, setulose, con-

fined to the median and submedian lines and the lateral margins ; scutel-

lum with 6-8 setulose marginal hairs. Abdomen subcylindrical, nearly

bare ; hypopygium small. Legs slender, hind tibiae with inconspicuous

dorsal setulose hairs; basal joint of hind tarsus sliglitly more than half

as long as tibia and as long as remaining joints together; fifth joint

without ventral spines; tarsal claws of moderate size, subequal. Third

vein distinctly short of two thirds tlie wing-length, joining costa at an

acute angle ; first vein almost connected with third at its base, joining

costa slightly beyond middle of third ; apex of petiole of media slightly

before apex of first vein ; base of posterior branch of media indistinct

;

fork of cubitus in line with fork of media.

Length, i. 25-1. 5 mm.
Type locality, Muncie, III, May 24 and July 5, 1914 (C. A. Hart

and J. R. Malloch).

The female and early stages are unknown.

2. Parabezzia elEGantuea Johannsen

Ceratopogon elegantulus Johannsen, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull., Vol. 14, 1908, p. 109.

Probezzia elegantula (Johannsen) Malloch, Proc. Biol. See. Wash., Vol. 27,

p. 137.

This species is not in the collection of this Laboratory. It was
described from specimens taken at Lawrence, Kansas, in July.

3. Parabezzia inERMis Coquillett

Ceratopogon inermis Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol., 25, 1902, p. 86.

Prohezzia vnermis (Coquillett) Malloch, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 27, p. 137.

In coloration this species closely resembles petiolata, but the mes-

onotum is opaque and is whitish pruinose on the sides, while the

scutellum is yellow.



Length, nearly i mm.
Described from a single female, taken at Hot Springs, Yavapai

County, Arizona.

The species is not recorded for Illinois.

Addendum to Ceratopogonin^

Since writing the part of this paper dealing with the genus Hete-
romyia I have seen a specimen of pratti Coquillet from Wisconsin,

which has caused me to reconsider the desirability of presenting a

synopsis of the species with maculate wings. It is not improbable that

some of the four species occur in Illinois, and the key given below will

serve to identify them.

SUPPLEMENTARY KEY TO SPECIES OF HETEROMYIA

1. Wings with 3 equidistant fasciae 1. fasciata.

— Wings with spots or with irregular black marks, not fasciate 2

2. Thorax reddish, with 3 black vittse ; abdomen of female with shin-

ing white pruinescence ; wings with 4 black spots. Small species,

about 2.5 mm. in length 2. festiva.— Thorax brownish yellow or blackish, without vittse ; abdomen of fe-

male without white pruinescence; wings with 2 black spots, the
outer one large and irregular in form. Larger species, 4 mm. in

length 3

3. Mid and hind tibiae with two brown rings before their tips

3. clavata.— Mid and hind tibis with the exception of their apices blackish
brown 4. pratti.

I. Heteromyia fasciata Say

Heteromyia fasciata Say, Amer. Ent., Vol. 2, p. SO. 1825.

This species is the type of the genus. It was originally described

by Say without any locality being designated for it. Subsequently it

was recorded for the Atlantic States by Osten Sacken, and for New
Jersey by Smith.

The species which have unspotted wings have the claws of the pos-

terior tarsi subequal, whereas those with spotted wings have, at least

in the females, one claw very much longer than the other, so much so

that they have sometimes been described as possessing but a single

claw on the hind tarsi. Without a larger amount of material, repre-

senting both sexes of the latter group, I can not decide whether the

groups should rank as distinct genera.



361

2. Heteromyia festiva Loew

Ceratopogoti festivus Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Vol. 5, 1S61, p. 314, sp. 13.

This species was originally described from Pennsylvania by Loew,
and has subsequently been recorded from New Jersey by Smith.

3. Heteromyia clavata Williston

Heteromyia clavata "Williston, Biol. Cent. Amer., Dipt., Vol. 1, 1900, p. 225.

This species was originally described by Williston from Vera
Cruz, Mexico, and has not been subsequently recorded as far as I am
aware.

4. Heteromyia pratti Coquillett

Heteromyia pratti Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 25, 1902, p. 88.

This is the only species of the group which I have seen. The spec-

imen was submitted by Mr. A. C. Burrill, and was taken by him at

Monona Lake, Wis., July 13, 19 12. The species was originally de-

scribed by Coquillett from St. Elmo, Va., and has not subsequently

been recorded as far as I am aware.

TANYPIN^

Apparently no larval characters found in the described species of

this subfamily can be used to separate genera, and the small amount of

reared material before me does not warrant my attempting a generic

synopsis of larvse or pupse. Few species in the Laboratory collection

can be associated in larval, pupal, and imaginal stages, since in several

cases of rearings either the larval or pupal exuvise, or both, were not

preserved. Very careful rearing of species, and isolation of single

larvae during the process, will be required before all of the stages of

some of the species can be definitely associated.

Diamesa zcaltlii presents in the wing venation an approach to the

Tanypince, but the larva is typical of the Cliirononiincc, and the adults

show also the sexual differences present in that subfamily in which I

have placed it. In no species in Tanypince that I am acquainted with

have the antennae more joints in the male than in the female, and in

every species that I know in the larval stage in Tanypiua the labium

of the larva is of a very different structure from that of ivaltUi.

The larvse of some of the species of Tanypince are abundant in

permanent streams, pools, and lakes. Under natural conditions the

larvae are said to live in burrows in the same manner as the Chiro-

nomincv. Johannsen says that in captivity they seldom seem to make



362

tubes; but the species which I have had in this stage invariably pre-

ferred to remain under whatever debris there was in the glass, only
occasionally leaving its shelter for a short time. The food is recorded

as consisting of crustaceans, which have been observed active in the

alimentary canal, and Johannsen states that "blood-worms are greedily

devoured by Tanypus larvce."* I have not seen the larvae feed upon
anything but decaying vegetable matter in the debris placed in the

glasses I kept them in, though possibly that contained minute organ-
isms, and I have not attempted to confirm Johannsen's statement re-

garding their eating Chironomus larvae, or blood-worms.

Larval Characters

The head in larvae of practically all the species of this sub-

family is distinctly elongated, slightly narrowed anteriorly and flat-

tened, generally presenting in lateral aspect a slightly wedge-shaped
appearance. The antennae are entirely retractile within the head; the

basal joint is usually very long, greatly exceeding one-half of the

entire length of the antenna (PI. XXIV, Figs. 2, 3, 8, 13, 15). The
labrum (PI. XXV, Fig. 12) is very different in structure from that

of the Chironomince as there are no appendages on its under surface

such as are invariably found in the members of that subfamily. The
mandibles are much simpler than in Chironomince, the teeth consisting

of a slight and rather abrupt dilatation slightly before the middle, the

apical margin of which is generally excised, forming two slight api-

cally directed teeth (PI. XXIV, Figs. 17, 18). The maxillary palpi are

much more slender and elongated than in Chironomince (see PI.

XXIV, Figs. 4, 6, 9, 10, 12). The labial plate is very characteristic in

Tanypince, and is generally retracted in preserved specimens, occupy-
ing an almost vertical position or occasionally turned backward so

that its anterior margin may be seen through the wall of the head.

The structure of the labium and its appendages (PI. XXV, Figs,

i-ii), and the hypopharynx (PI. XXVI, Fig. 3) are as shown in

figures indicated. In young larvae the thoracic segments are but
slightly differentiated from the abdominal segments, but as the larva

approaches maturity the former segments expand considerably, which,
taken in conjunction with the long anal appendages and the rather
tapering abdomen, gives the larva a culicid-like appearance. The an-
terior pseudopods are generally long and slender in Tanypus, though
as the larva becomes more mature and the thoracic segments expand
more these are gradually reduced in size and finally almost disappear.

*Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Miis., p. 123. 1905.



363

The apices of the anterior pseudopods are armed witli retractile claws.

The posterior pseudopods are elongated, being in Tanypus monilis

Linne very long and widely diverging, their apices armed with two
circles of retractile claws which vary in shape and often in color (see

PI. XXVI, Figures 5, 9). The anal tufts consist of from six to

about twenty long, dark, and rather stout sensory hairs, situated on
more or less elongated bases. There are never any blood gills on the

eleventh segment, but the twelfth has the usual two pairs on the dor-
sal surface, cephalad of which are always two distinct hairs. In many
cases the abdomen has numerous surface hairs, though these are so

fine as to be almost invisible and are easily overlooked.

PuPAi, Characters

Head without any frontal tubercles. Thorax much swollen, respir-

atory organs tgg- or trumpet-shaped, never numerously filamented;

wing cases distinctly separated from sides of thorax; no distinct hairs

on posterior margin of thorax as in Ciilicidcc. Abdominal segments
slightly flattened, without any sharp transverse ridge at center of each
segment as in Di.ra; apical segment ending in two flat appendages,
which are either sharp at apex or slightly rounded, and fringed with
hairs. In Corcthra these appendages are four in number and much
more conspicuous. The pupae of Chirononius and some species of

Tanytarsiis may be separated from those of Tanypincc by the hairlike

filaments of the thoracic respiratory organs. The species of Crico-

topiis and OrthoclaSiits are very similar to those of the Tanypince in

the structure of the thoracic respiratory organs, but the thorax is not

so conspicuously swollen, and the apical abdominal appendages gener-

ally have a few very long hairs at their tips.

Imaginal, Characters

Antennae in both sexes with 2+13 joints; the male generally with
long antennal plumosity, the antennal hairs of the female confined to a

whorl of much shorter hairs on each joint; frontal tubercles absent.

Thorax stout, not protruding over head (PI. XXIII, Fig. 4); pro-

notum distinct; sternopleura descending below level of coxs. Ab-
domen stout; hypopygium much simpler than in Chironomiis, the lat-

eral appendages ending in a recurved process which is sometimes
thornhke, and occasionally slipper-shaped; the dorsal plate (penis

guard) very inconspicuous, and the superior and inferior processes

indistinguishable (PI. XXVIII, Figs. 1-12). Legs comparatively

stout, fore metatarsus always considerably shorter than fore tibia;

fourth tarsal joint occasionally obcordate; claws simple. Wing vena-



364

tion as in Figures 2, 5, 8, 11, Plate XXVII, the medio-cubital cross-

vein present ; surface hairs present on wings in some genera.

Key to Genera* (Imagines)

1. Wings with distinct surface hairs 2

— Wings bare 4

2. Cubitus forking slightly before the cross vein. . .Tanypus (p. 366).
— Cubitus forking distinctly beyond the cross vein 3

3. Anterior branch of radius { Rj ) forked at its apex
ProtentJies (p. 381).

— Anterior branch of radius not forked Trichotanypus]

.

4. Pork of cubitus petiolate 5

— Cubitus forking proximad of the cross vein 6

5. Anterior branch of radius (R,) forked at apex
Procladius (p. 390).

— Anterior branch of radius unforked PsUotanypus (p. 395).

6. Anterior branch of radius forked at apex. . .Ccelotanypus (p. 396).
— Anterior branch of radius unforked Anatopynia%.

Key to Lakv^

1. Labium with 4 teeth (PL XXV, Fig. 1) ..Tanypus dyari (p. 379).— Labium with at least 5 teeth 2

2. Outer labial tooth divided, making in all 7 teeth (PI. XXV, Fig. 6)

Procladius concinnus (p. 394)

.

— Outer labial tooth not divided, only 5 teeth present 3

3. Anterior branch of radius (Rj) forked at its apex
Tanypus sp. A (p. 397)

.

— All labial teeth rounded, or sharp at apices 4
4. Labial plate very much elongated and narrow, the teeth long and

finger-like (PI. XXV, Fig. 5) Tanypus sp. B (p. 398).— Labium not noticeably elongated, the teeth broad 5

5. Middle tooth longest 6— Middle tooth not as long as outer tooth 7

6. Teeth of labium forming a regularly rounded convex outline (PI.

XXV, Pig. 3) Tanypus carneus (p. 378).— Second tooth distinctly shorter than central tooth (PI. XXV,
Fig. 11) Tanypus pilosellus? (p. 373)

.

7. Lateral process of labium with its outer side fringed (PI. XXV,
Pig. 8) ProtentJies culiciformis (p. 385).— Lateral process of labium bifid 8

*My present material does not permit my giving generic keys for the larval
pupal stages.

tl have not seen this genus from Illinois.

tThis genus has not been found in North America.



365

Claws of posterior pseudopods all of one color

Tanypus decoloratm (p. 370)

.

Some of the claws of posterior pseudopods black, contrasting with
the pale brown color of the others Tanypus monilis (p. 375).

Key to Pup.e*

Thoracic respiratory organs egg-shaped, large, black, and conspicu-

ous 2

Thoracic respiratory organs generallj' elongated, trumpet-shaped,
and pale in color -k

Respiratory organ ovate, without distinct apical aperture or long
hairlike appendages, the surface finely honej'combed, each cell

with a small black central dot (PI. XXIV, Fig. 19)

Tanypus monilis (p. 375).
Respiratory organ with hairlike appendages 3

Apex with a distinct aperture, no long apical hair present (PI.

XXVI, Fig. 13) Protentlies punctipennis (p. 383).
Apex without distinct aperture and with a long conspicuous hair

(PI. XXIV, Fig. 7) Tanypus iUinoemis (p. 376).

Respiratory organ ending in a slightly produced point (PI. XXIV,
Fig. 11), apical abdominal appendages obtusely rounded

Protenthes culiciformis (p. 385)

.

Respirator^' organ obtuse at apex 5

Apical abdominal appendage with the inner apical angle pro-

duced 6

Apical abdominal appendage without a distinct production of the

inner apical angle 7

Apical production of abdominal appendage long and conspicuous,

lateral margins of appendages with 2 long lanceolate hairs

Protenthes stellatusf (p. 383).

Apical production very .short and inconspicuous, lateral margins
of appendages without the 2 long hairs ProcJadius pinguis.

Apical abdominal appendages sharply pointed 8

Apical abdominal appendages obtuse at apex 13

Thoracic respiratory organ club- or cornucopia-like 9

Thoracic respiratory organ with the greatest diameter before

apex 10

Thoracic respiratory organs club-shaped, no transverse row of tu-

bercles between their bases Tanypus flavifrons.

Thoracic respiratory organs in the form of a cornucopia (PL
XXIV, Fig. 14), a transverse row of short tubercles between
their bases Tanypus pilosellus? (p. 373)

.

•Species without page citations are unknown to me.

t Thoracic respiratory organ of pupa eviilently broken in the sp



10. Apical half of each of the abdominal appendages very slender, the

breadth of each at base of that part not over one third the length
of apical half 11

— Apical half of abdominal appendage about equal in length to its

breadth at base of that part 12
11. Abdominal appendages twice as long as their combined basal

breadth Tanypus decoloratus (p. 370)

.

— Abdominal appendages one fifth longer than their combined basal

breadth Tanypus carrieus* (p. 378)

.

12. Thoracic respiratory organ about thi-ee times as long as its great-

est diameter, small and inconspicuous Tanypus fastuosus.— Thoracic respiratory organ more than three times as long as its

greatest diameter, long and conspicuous . Tanj/pMs dyari (p. 380).
13. Apex of respiratory organ bell-shaped (PI. XXVII, Fig. 4)

;

margin of abdominal appendage with over 100 short hairs

Procladius concinnus (p. 394)

.

— Apex of respiratory organ not bell-shaped (PI. XXVII, Fig. 9) ;

abdominal appendage with few marginal hairs (PI. XXVI, Fig.

12) Protenihes hellus (p. 388).

Tanypus Meigen

The species belonging to this genus are readily separable from
those in Proclad)ius by the presence of hairs on the surface of the

wings, and from Protenthes by the sessile cubitus.

I give a key to the Illinois species in the Laboratory collection, and
descriptions by means of virhich they may be separated from other

North American species which have not yet been taken in this state.

As in other genera, it is highly probable that many species occur in

Illinois which are not represented in the collection before me, but
from lack of examples of already described species and to avoid
extending this paper on the uncertain basis of the slender clues

afforded by some of the descriptions—such course being usually dis-

astrous—I have not attempted to present a key to all the described

North American species.

Key to Species

1. Wings without dark spots or bands, at most the cross vein black-
ened 2— Wings with distinct dark spots or bands 7

2. Large dark species, 4-5 mm. ; thorax with brown vittffi which are
rather spotlike ; cross vein of wings conspicuously blackened ....

1. Jiirtipennis.

*ThiB distinction is based upon a comparison of a mounted specimen of decolor-
atus with Johannsen's figure of carneus.



367

— Smaller species, 2-3 mm., or if over 3 mm. then pale yellow in

color 3

3. Large j'ellow species, 3.5-4.5 mm. ; female without dark marks, the

male with brown bands on the anterior half of the abdominal seg-

ments 2. melanops.
— Smaller species, 2-3 mm. in length 4

4. Cross vein of wings infuscated; fore tarsus with basal joint four

fifths as long as fore tibia 3. decoloratus*

.

— Cross vein not infuscated 5

5. Male with fore tarsus bearded, the abdomen with pale spots on the

sides of the segments of the basal half 4. inconspicuus.
— Male with the fore tarsus inconspicuously haired, segments of abdo-

men with pale posterior margins 6

6. The pale margins to segments 2, 4, and 6 very broad . . 5. pilosellus.

— All abdominal segments with pale margins of same width
6. marginellus.

7. Tibiae with 3 brown bands, one near base, one slightly beyond mid-
dle, and one at apex 8— Tibiae without any jjrown bands at middle 9

8. Second brown band on tibis veiy distinctly beyond middle, the
subbasal yellow band distinctly broader than the subapieal one

7. monilis.
— Second brown band on tibiee near the middle, the 2 whitish bands

subequal in width, or the subbasal one the narrower
8. illinoensis.

9. Wings with distinct spots, not banded 9. vemistus.
— Wings with distinct fasciae 10
10. Legs uniform yellow, only a short black comb at apices of tibiae

10. carneus.
— Legs with at least brown preapical band on the femora 11
11. Numerous clear rounded spots in the preapical fascia of the wing;

apices of femora and bases of tibiae with brown bands. .11. dyari.— Preapical fascia irregular, but without any clear rounded spots;

only the femora with a brown band 12. johnsoni.

I. Tanypus hirtipennis Loew

Tanypus hirtipennis Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1866, p. 5.

Male.—Brownish black. Head yellowish; antennae and antenna!

plumes brown, the second joint almost black; palpi brown. Meso-
notum densely gray pollinose, a small subtriangular area behind hu-
meri blacker than the rest of disc, each side of the divided central

*Fastuoms Johannsen is evidently very closely related to this species, but the
length of the fore metatarsus is given as .6 the length of the fore tibia. The cross
vein is said to be '

' especially distinct,
'

' which separates it from pilosellus and incon-
spicuus.



stripe with a short brown streak on its posterior third, at middle of

disc; pleurae yellowish on central upper half, on other portions as

disc of menosotum; scutellum and postnoturn as disc of mesonotum.
Abdomen with the apical half of each segment yellowish, covered
with whitish dust, the black portion produced posteriorly in the form
of a short point at center. Legs obscurely yellow, apices of all femora
broadly and of tibiae and tarsal joints narrowly brown. Wings
slightly grayish; veins yellow; cross vein very distinctly blackened.

Halteres whitish.

Antenna as long as from cross vein to apex of wing, the fifteenth

joint nearly twice as long as the rest of the flagellum, second joint

very large ; frontal tubercles absent. Mesonotum with brownish
yellow hairs on the spaces between the vittse; a conspicuous group
of hairs in front of the wing-base; a group of hairs on pleura above

and between fore and mid coxse (sternopleura) ; scutellar hairs nu-

merous and rather long. Apical portion of lateral arm of hypopygium
whitish, slender, and thornhke (PI. XXVIII, Fig. 2). Legs long,

short-haired, basal joint of fore tarsus almost as long as the remain-

ing joints together; fourth tarsal joint of all legs longer than fifth.

Costa reaching almost to apex of wing, cross vein at middle; cubitus

forking distinctly before cross vein; surface hairs distinct but not very

numerous, pale in color.

Length, 5 mm.
Female.—Similar in coloration to the male.

The antenna has the basal joint smaller than in the male, and the

hairs are only of moderate length
;
palpi with the basal joint slightly

thickened, second joint thicker than first and subequal in length, third

joint almost as long as first and second together and slender, apical

joint slender, subequal in length to second. Thorax haired as in male
though the hairs are rather more conspicuous. Abdomen with the

surface covered with rather long pale hairs. Legs rather stouter than

in male, proportions of tarsi similar to those of the male. Wing sur-

face very densely covered with brownish yellow liairs; cross vein

very distinctly blackened ; costa reaching almost to wing-tip, curved

well round the margin ; cross vein very slightly before middle.

Length, 4.5 mm.
Illinois localities : Urbana, May 20, 1906, one male and one female

;

Muncie, Dubois, Grand Tower, and Golconda, April and May, 1914.
Specimens taken by C. A. Hart and the writer.

The female of this species was originally described from Maine by
Loew, and as far as I am aware has hitherto been recorded but twice

since—by Fyles, from Quebec, Canada, and by Johannsen. This is



the first description of the male, and a description of both sexes is

here given to facilitate the recognition of the species. The early

stages are not known.

2. Tanypus melanops Meigen

Tamjpus melanops Meigen, Syst. Beschr., Vol. I, 181S, p. 65; 18.

Male.—Pale yellow. Eyes black. Thoracic vittae very pale reddish

yellow. Abdomen with generally a narrow brownish fascia on each

abdominal segment, except the first, near to base. Legs pale yellow,

mid and hind tibiae with a short black apical comb. Wings clear, all

veins pale yellow. Halteres whitish. All hairs pale yellow.

Antenna slightly longer than head and thorax together, second

joint large, globose. Thoracic hairs soft and rather long. Hairs of

abdomen long and numerous; hypopygium as in Figure 3, Plate

XXVIII. Fore tarsus with long hairs, basal joint three fourths as

long as fore tibia. Mid and hind legs long-haired. Cross vein slightly

before wing-middle; costa ending shortly before curve at apex of

wing.

Female.—Differs in color from the male in the absence of the ab-

dominal bands.

The antennae are distinctly shorter than the thorax, and have

rather longer hairs than most females in this genus. The fore tarsus

has the basal joint slightly less than three fourths as long as the fore

tibia, and is without the long hairs ; the other legs are shorter-haired

than in the male. The wings are rather broad, and the cross vein is

nearer to base of wing and the costa reaches nearer to curve of wing
than in the male.

Length, 4-5 mm.
Illinois localities : St. Joseph, Monticello, Urbana, Easton, Ha-

vana, and Muncie, April 28 to October 2. Common, occasionally at

light.

A specimen from Muncie agrees in color with the female. The
probability is that nigro[>unctatus Staeger is synonymous with

melanops, as practically the only distinction between the two lies in

the presence of abdominal fasciae in the former and their absence in

the latter.

Johannsen records melanops from New York, Michigan, Ne-
braska, and New Jersev. I have seen specimens from Lafayette, Ind.

(Aldrich), and Racine'. Wis. (C. R. Cleveland).



3- Tanypus decoloratus, n. sp.

Larva.—Length, 5 mm. Almost entirely white, only the labial

plate, apices of mandibles, and claws of the posterior pseudopods

brown. Head about twice as long as its greatest breadth ; sides slightly

convergent on apical half; antennae slightly more than half as long as

head, the apical portion about one fifth as long as the basal; basal

portion of the maxillary palpus slender, subequal in length to the

apical portion of antenna, the apical processes short, barely longer

than the diameter of the basal portion; mandible as in Figure i, Plate

XXVI; labial plate similar to that of monilis (PL XXV, Fig. 10).

In other respects similar to the larva described as pilosellus ( ?).

Pupa.—Length, 4 mm. Yellow, the thorax and the anterior half

of each abdominal segment shaded with brown. Thoracic respiratory

organ as in Figure 6, Plate XXVII ; laterad of respiratory organs, a

short transverse row of about twelve minute thorns. Abdominal
segments, except the last two, without lateral hairs ; seventh segment

with four lanceolate hairs on each side; eighth segment with similar

hairs on almost the entire length of lateral margins, a longitudinal

row of microscopic hairs midway between the median line and the

lateral margin, and a group of stronger hairs at the anterior lateral

angle; apical processes similar to those of pilosellus (?).

Imago; Male.—Pale buff. Antennae and their plumes brownish
yellow. Thoracic vittae pale reddish brown, postnotum slightly dark-

ened on dorsum. Basal half of each abdominal segment brownish on
dorsum. Legs pale yellow. Wings clear, the cross vein brown, other

veins yellow. AH hairs on body and legs yellow. Halteres whitish.

Antenna distinctly longer than head and thorax together, second

joint yellow and much swollen. Mesonotum with long soft hairs on
the spaces between vittae and several shorter hairs in front of wing-

base. Abdomen slender; segments with rather long hairs; apical

lateral recurved process of hypopygium slender, nearly as long as basal

portion, its shape very much as in hypopygium of Tanypus monilis

(PI. XXVIII, Fig. i). Legs slender, mid and hind pairs, with the

exception of the last three tarsal joints, long-haired; fore tibia about

one fifth longer than basal joint of fore tarsus; all tarsi with the fifth

joint much shorter than the fourth. Cross vein very slightly before

the middle of wing; costa extending to curve at apex of wing; media
reaching margin a little behind tip of wing, slightly deflected near

apex; cubitus forks slightly before cross vein; surface of wings with

regularly distributed short hairs.



371

Female.—Reddish yellow. Mesonotum with faint indications of

vitt^e. Legs entirely yellow, the comb at apices of mid and hind

tibiae weak. Wings clear, veins pale yellow.

Antenna shorter than length of thorax, and distinctly shorter than

wing from base to cross vein; basal joint not much swollen, apical

joint very slightly so; hairs on antenna long. Mesonotum, pleurae,

and scutellum haired as in the male, the abdominal hairs rather long.

Legs slender; basal joint of fore tarsus as long as the next three

joints and two thirds as long as fore tibia ; fourth tarsal joint of all

legs longer than fifth; surface hairs not conspicuous, 'longest at apices

of hind tibiae, where their length is about twice the diameter of the

tibia. Wing almost as in pilosellus, but the costa extends distinctly

round the curve at apex.

Length : male, 3 mm. ; female, 2 mm.
Type locality, Thompson's Lake, Havana, 111., May i, 1914. A

single male reared from a larva taken by dredging in water eight feet

deep. A male was taken at Muncie, III, May 24, 1914, on the bank of

Stony Creek. The female described above I consider as belonging to

this species, though it is especially difficult to identify the females of

this group owing to their differing so much from the males in color

and venation. Locality of female, Havana, 111., September 12, 1895,

at light.

4. Tanypus inconspicuus, n. sp.

Male.—Fuscous. Basal joint of antennae dark brown, remaining

parts of head pale fuscous. Thorax with whitish pruinescence on
spaces between the vittae and on sutures of pleurae

;
prescutum yellow-

ish ; vittae dark brown ; scutellum yellowish, centrally fuscous ;
post-

notum with whitish pruinescence, and generally a central narrow
streak and a spot on each side of it brown. Abdomen with the ante-

rior half of each dorsal segment distinctly whitish pruinose, the seg-

ments on the basal half of abdomen with a yellow spot on each side of

the posterior half, leaving the dark color in the form of a dorsal stripe

with anterior lateral extensions on each segment ; hypopygium red-

dish brown. Legs brownish yellow, each femur with a brown band-
like mark at apex. Wings slightly fuscous, the veins at extreme base

and the cross vein posterior to humeral vein blackish, the cross vein

near wing-middle not blackened. Halteres yellow. Hairs yellowish

brown.

Antenna slightly longer than head and thorax together, basal joint

globose, large. Mesonotum with the discal hairs confined to the spaces

between the vittae and to the lateral margins ; hairs on scutellum long.



372

Abdomen with hairs of moderate length on the entire surface ; hypo-

pygium similar to that of Tanypus dyari (PI. XXVII, Fig. 12), ex-

cept that it is stouter, the apical portion tapering more abruptly, and

the black thornlike apical process of that portion being about a fifth

the length of the pale part. Legs slender, fore tarsus long-haired,

basal joint about three fourths as long as fore tibia ; mid and hind legs

and apices of fore tibise with long hairs. Distance from humeral vein

to cross vein less than half the distance from cross vein to wing-tip

;

third vein not extending to curve of wing.

Female.—Slightly paler than the male; the antennae entirely yel-

low; thorax almost the same as in the male; abdomen brownish, the

posterior margins yellowish; legs and wings as in the male.

Antenna about equal in length to thorax, basal joint less swollen

than in the male, apical joint elongated, hairs rather long but sparse.

Thorax as in the male. Abdomen stout; surface hairs moderately

long. Legs less distinctly hairy than in the male, especially the fore

tarsi ; basal joint of fore tarsus over two thirds as long as fore tibia.

Distance from cross vein to apex of wing two and a half times as

great as distance from cross vein to humeral vein.

Length: male, 3-3.5 mm.; female, 2.5-3 "^i"-

Type locality, Easton, 111., May i, 1914. Several specimens of

both sexes taken at the Central Ditch, over one mile from Easton.

Early stages unknown.

5. Tanypus pii,osei,i.us Loew

Tanypus pilosellus Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1866, p. 5.

Male.—Yellowish to grayish. Head, antennae, antennal plumes,

and palpi yellow; basal joint of antennae brown. Thorax generally

grayish, or brownish yellow with gray pollinosity, stripes sometimes

indistinct; scutellum yellow, generally brownish at center; postnotum

dark brown. Abdomen gray or blackish, apices of all except the last

segment yellowish white, the second, fourth, and sixth most conspicu-

ously so ; apical portion of lateral arm of hypopygium whitish. Legs

yellow or whitish, apices of mid and .hind tibiae with a short black

comb. Wings clear, veins yellow. Halteres yellow, knob brownish.

Antenna much shorter than wing from cross vein to apex ; the last

joint not one and a half times as long as the preceding flagellar joints

together. Hairs on mesonotum very long, regularly arranged along

the whole length of the spaces between the vittae; no conspicuous

group in front of wing-base, and no discernible sternopleural hairs;

scutellar hairs very long and numerous. Abdomen slender, the sur-



373

face hairs very long and assuming a whorl-like arrangement on each

segment; apical portion of lateral arm of hypopygium shaped some-

what like that of illinocnsis, but the thicker, or main branch of the

stem is not clubbed at apex. Legs slender ; basal joint of fore tarsus

shorter than the next two joints together and about three fifths as

long as fore tibia; mid and hind legs with long surface hairs; fore

tarsus with short hairs; fourth tarsal joint longer than fifth. Wings
rather narrow, cross vein well before middle ; costa reaching to curve

at apex of wing; surface hairs numerous and distinct.

Female.—Similar in coloration to the male except that the abdo-

men is generally almost entirely yellowish, or occasionally with the

dorsum grayish.

The antennje are very slightly longer than the thorax, and as long

as from base of wing to cross vein; the hairs are rather long and fine,

and the apical joint is not swollen. The body is stout and has short

surface hairs. In other respects as the male.

Length, 1-1.5 mm.
Illinois localities: Havana, at light, September 12-15, 1895; same

locality, June 15, September 16 and 27; Quiver Lake, Havana, July

27, 1896; Ashley, Havana, Carmi, Grand Tower, and Golconda dur-

ing the latter part of April, 19 14 ; Monticello, June 28 ; Momence, July

17; Urbana, October 5—the last two at light (C. A. Hart and J. R.

Malloch).

Originally described from the District of Columbia. I have seen a

specimen from Lafayette, Ind. (Aldrich).

Coquillett described pallens from Las \^egas Hot Springs, N. M.,

and without comparing the specimens in hand with his type of that

species it is impossible to decide whether our specimens are pallens.

The markings on the abdomen vary considerably in the series of speci-

mens before me, and may occasionally appear as described by Coquil-

lett.

The descriptions that follow probably apply to the larva and pupa

of piloseUus, but as they have not been reared the identification is

only provisional.

Larva.—Length, 3 mm. Head two and a half times as long as its

greatest breadth, slightly tapering anteriorly, ventral surface as shown

in Figure 14, Plate XXVI; a single large black eye-spot on each side

at middle ; antennae retracted but the basal portion apparently not over

twice as long as the apical portion, the whole about half as long as the

head ; mandible pale, apical tooth sharp, but not very slender, a trun-

cated tooth near middle of inner surface; labial plate toothed as in

Figure 11, Plate XXV. Anterior pair of pseudopods very long and



374

slender, fused nearly to their apices; body tapering posteriorly, the

segments very distinct, no distinguishable hairs present; posterior

pseudopods much elongated, divergent, their apices armed with two
circles of long, slender, pale claws, the preapical row rather stouter

than the apical one ; dorsal respiratory organs long and slender, rather

pointed, the two hairs just above their bases distinct; anal tuft with
six sensory hairs, the basal papilla long and slender, about five times
as long as thick.

Pupa.—Length, 2.25 mm. Thoracic respiratory organ large, in

the form of a cornucopia (PI. XXIV, Fig. 14) ; a transverse row of
small pointed tubercles between the respiratory organs ; apical abdom-
inal appendages as in Figure 8, Plate XXVI.

The larva described, was taken from the Illinois River, with a
Birge net, August 2y, 1894; and the two pupae were taken amongst
vegetation at the same place (Havana) and by the same method,
August 25, 1894.

6. Tanypus marginehus, n. sp.

Male.—Yellowish or greenish, slightly shining. Scape of anten-

nae blackish, fiagellum obscurely greenish. Mesonotum with three

black vittae, the middle vitta divided by a narrow yellowish line, the

spaces between vittae with gray pruinescence
;
pleurae blackish gray

with the exception of the membranous portions, which are yellowish

or greenish; scutellum yellow darkened at base; postnotum shining

black. Abdomen shining; basal two-thirds of each segment black;

hypopygium yellowish. Legs yellow, without distinct dark marks.
Wings clear, veins yellow, cross vein not infuscated. Halteres yellow.

Hairs on body and legs yellow, plumes of antennae brown.
Antenna distinctly longer than head and thorax together. Prono-

tum distinct to upper margin. Thoracic hairs rather weak. Abdomen
slender, surface hairs regularly distributed; hypopygium as in Figure

10, Plate XXVII. Legs slender, femora and tibiae of mid and hind
pairs rather long-haired ; fore tarsi pubescent, basal joint slightly less

than two thirds as long as tibia. Third vein not extending to apex of
wing; cross vein a little more than one third of the distance from
humeral vein to wing-tip.

Female.—Similar to male except that the abdomen is almost uni-

colorous yellow, the antennae are shorter than the head and thorax
and short-haired, and the cell enclosed by the third vein disappears

before apex of costa.



Length: male, 2.5 mm.; female, 2 mm.
Type locality, Dubois, 111., April 24, 1914; swept from vegetation

in creek valley (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

A male taken at Palo Alto, California, May i, 1906, submitted by
Professor Aldrich, may belong to this species, but its condition is too

poor to permit a definite opinion.

This is in all probability the same species as that itlentified by Pro-

fessor Johannsen as T. iiidccisiis Williston. The latter was described

from St. Vincent, West Indies, and apart from the unlikelihood of its

occurring so far north as New York and Illinois there are sufficient

differences between the two descriptions to warrant their separation as

distinct species.

7. Tanypus monius Linne

Tipiila inonilis Linne, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, p. 587.

Larva.— (PI. XXIV, Fig. i). Length, 6 mm. Brownish or yel-

lowish in color. Head brownish yellow, nearly twice as long as wide

;

antenna; very long and slender (PI. XXIV, Fig. 2) ; maxillary palpi as

in Figure 10; mandibles with apical half slender, towards the extrem-

ity distinctly blackened ; labium with five teeth, its apex conspicuously

blackened (PI. XXV, Fig. 7) ; lateral labial process with two branches.

Anterior pseudopods with curved claws; no hairs on abdominal seg-

ments ; anal pseudopods slender and very much elongated, their apices

armed with curved claws arranged in two circles, and consisting of

numerous slender pale claws with several shorter and stouter black

ones. Dorsal sensory tufts consisting of six hairs, situated upon bases

which are about six times as long as their own diameter ; four dorsal

respiratory organs present and above them two weak hairs.

Pupa.—Length, 4.5 mm. Dark yellowish or, when nearing ma-
turity, brownish. Thoracic respiratory organs black or brownish,

shape as in Figure 19, Plate XXIV. A transverse row of short thorn-

like tubercles near base of respiratory organ. Apical appendages of

abdomen sharply pointed, and with very few margmal hairs.

Imago; Male and Female.—Yellowish brown to dark brown. Head
yellowish or brownish; antennae yellow, basal joint brown, the plumes

brown; palpi yellow. Mesonotum generally distinctly vittate and
grayish pollinose on the spaces between the vittae ; scutellum yellow

;

postnotum brown on disc. Abdomen generally translucent yellow

with the bases of the segments more or less suflfused with brown and
the apical segments entirely brownish. Legs whitish yellow, with

brown rings as follows : near apex of femora, near base of tibiae,

beyond middle and at apex of same, before middle and at apex of



376

each basal joint of tarsus, and at apex of the other tarsal joints. Wings
as in Figure ii, Plate XXVII. Halteres yellow.

Male.—Antenna slightly longer than head and rhorax taken to-

gether, apical joint twice as long as remaining flagellar joints together,

basal joint much swollen ; third palpal joint barely longer than the

slender second joint. Mesonotum with long hairs on spaces between

the vittae ; no conspicuous group of hairs before wing-base, and none
discernible on sternopleura. Hypopygium as in Figure ii, Plate

XXVIII. Legs long and slender; basal joint of fore tarsus two
thirds as long as fore tibia, and distinctly shorter than the next two
joints together; mid and hind legs with long hairs, those on the tibiae

equal in length to about four times the tibial diameter, fourth tarsal

joint of all legs very much longer than fifth.

Female.—Similar in color to the male, though generally slightly

darker, especially in the wing-markings.

Length, 4.5-5 mm.
This species has been taken in the larval and pupal stages in con-

siderable numbers in the Illinois River and associated waters in con-

nection with the work of this Laboratory on the biology of that river,

the following localities being represented : Copperas Creek, Thomp-
son's Lake, Havana, Round Prairie (near Havana), Matanzas Lake,

Beardstown, Fish Lake, Meredosia, Naples, La Grange, Hardin, and
Grafton. Imagines have been taken at Algonquin, June 24, 1895
(W. A. Nason) ; at Urbana, in May and July; and at Havana, in

April, May, and September, some being taken at light, and two reared

from larvae found in a rain-water barrel. Probably the species occurs

throughout the entire summer and fall.

Johannsen records monilis from New Jersey, Illinois, New York,
and South Dakota. I have seen specimens from Plummer's Island,

Md., and Washington, D. C. (W. L. McAtee).

8. Tanypus ilunoensis, n. sp.

This species resembles monilis so closely that it will be sufficient to

indicate little more than the points of difference between them.

Larva unidentified.

Piipa.— (PI. XXIV, Fig. 7). Length, 6 mm. Color as in monilis.

The thoracic respiratory organs are similar to those of monilis, differ-

ing as stated in key. In monilis there is a transverse row of 3-4
short tubercles between the respiratory organs. It is impossible from
the dissections before me to say whether the two rows of short

tubercles, 8—10 in each row, lay transversely between the respiratory



377

organs or laterad of them. The number of the tubercles is, however,

sufficient to indicate a specific difference. The anal appendages of the

abdomen are as in monilis.

Imago; Male and Female.—Differ in color from monilis in being

generally paler, the light-colored parts being almost white and, as a

rule, the wings presenting a rather milky appearance. The difference

in the annulation of the legs I have indicated in the key. The basal

joint of the fore tarsus is slightly longer than the next two joints to-

gether, whereas in monilis it is slightly but distinctly shorter. The
apical portion of the lateral arm of the hypopygium is as shown in

Figure lo, Plate XXVIII, the subapical process ending in an acute

point. The wing venation and markings are almost identical in the

two species, the principal difference lying in the spots on the apical

half of the costa. In monilis there are generally three distinct spots,

as shown in Figure ii, Plate XXVII, while in illinoensis the first two
are fused or the second and third are indistinct.

Length, 3.5-4.5 mm.
Type locality : Junction of Illinois and Spoon rivers at Havana

—

numerous examples, with various dates of capture extending from
May to end of September. Paratypes from Carbondale, 111., April 27,

1908, one specimen, and Algonquin, May 13, 1896 (W. A. Nason).
The only pupa which I have seen was taken in the Illinois River near

the shore at Havana in 191 3. Besides the Illinois examples I have
seen imagines from Lake Delavan, Wisconsin, taken in September,

1892, which are in the State Laboratory collection, and several belong-

ing to the collection of the United States Bureau of Biological Sur-

vey, taken at Plummer's Island, Md., and Washington, D. C, in June
and August—October. The probability is that the species is widely

distributed, and the dates given above indicate that it occurs through-

out the entire summer and well into the fall.

9. Tanvpus venustus Coquillett

Taiiypus vemistus Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 2o, 1902, p. 91.

Male.—Brown-black. Head brownish yellow ; antenn?e and an-

tennal plumes brown, flagellum slightly paler
;
palpi yellow. Mesono-

tum opaque and silvery pollinose, vittre rather indistinct, the pollinos-

ity irregularly distributed, forming in places spotlike markings;
pleurae yellowish above, brown on lower portions, slightly shining;

scutellum yellow. Abdomen with apical third of each segment whit-

ish yellow; hypopygium yellow. Legs yellow, a distinct preapical

band on femora, and a broad band near bases and a narrow one at



378

apices of all tibiae deep brown. Wing with about twelve spots

formed by brown hairs : three or four between the media and radius,

two between upper branch of cubitus and media, two between
branches of cubitus, and three between the posterior margin and
cubitus.

Structurally this species is very similar to illinoensis, but it is

rather more slender and the wing is narrower. I have only a single

specimen before me, and having refrained from detaching the hypo-
pygium it is of course impossible to discover in what respects that dif-

fers from the hypopygium of illinoensis. As the tarsi of the fore legs

are broken off I am unable to compare their proportions with those of

the tarsi of illinoensis. The different coloration of the two species

should serve to separate them readily. The mid and hind tibiae have
surface hairs which are at least three times as long as the diameter of

the tibiae.

Length, 3 mm.
Illinois localities: Algoncjuin, June 6, 1895 (W. A. Nason)

;

Urbana, July 7, 1914, at light (J. R. Malloch).

Originally described by Coquillett from Las Vegas Hot Springs,

New Mexico, and subsequently recorded by Johannsen from Leland
Stanford Jr. University, California.

10. Tanypus carnEus Fabricius

Tanypus carneus Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 1805, p. 41; sp. 16.

Larva.—I have seen only a single larva of this species from the

Illinois River. It resembles monilis very closely and is of the same
length (6 mm.), but may be separated by means of the following

characters :

—

Reddish yellow in life, almost white when preserved in alcohol.

Head very long, almost three times as long as wide ; antenna with the

basal joint about three fourths the entire length; labial plate as shown
in Figure 3, Plate XXV; posterior pseudopods with rather slender

claws, all of them pale brownish.

Pupa.—"Yellowish ; length, 4 mm. Respiratory trumpet cucumber
shaped, with basal end somewhat curved and tapering; near the base

of each is an arcuate transverse line of pale, blunt tubercles. Abdom-
inal segments nearly devoid of setae. The caudal fin consists of two
pointed processes, each with a pair of pale, slender filaments, and on
the lateral margin of each of the last 2 segments are four or five of

such filaments."

—

Jolmnnsen.
Imago; Male.—Head pale yellow, including basal joint of an-

tenna. Thorax pale yellow, with three wide buff stripes, or it may be



379

said that the dorsum of the thorax is buff, having three fine whitish

Hnes, upon which there is a row of closely set pale hairs. In some
lights the anterior part of the thorax, a space in front of the scutel-

lum, and the scutellum have a whitish sheen. Pleurae with three

brownish bars or spots. Abdomen pale yellow; near the anterior

margin of each segment is a transverse row of brown spots, which
are sometimes confluent and form bands. Legs, including coxa;,

cream-white, the hairs pale, apex of each tibia with a very minute
black comb with one tooth prolonged into a spur. Fore metatarsus

more than three fourths as long as its tibia. Wings with a brown
cloud covering the cross veins, a larger, paler cloud at the tip of Ri
extending nearly across the wing, but very faint beyond the media

;

a third faint cloud at apex of posteria branch of cubitus, extending to

media ; a fourth very faint one in the anal cell. Halteres white.

Female.—Differs from the male in having pale yellow antennae;

palpi sometimes pale; abdomen yellow, the posterior margin of the

segments with a whitish sheen. (Abridged from Joliannsen's descrip-

tion. )

Length, 3.5-4 mm.
This European species has been recorded from New York by

Johannsen, and a single larva taken from the Illinois River at Grafton
in 1913 agrees with the description of the larvae from which Johannsen
reared his specimens. I have seen one male specimen belonging to the

collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Philadelphia, taken at

Westmont, N. J., April 5, 1901.

II. Taxvpus DYARi Coquillett

Tanyptis dyari Coquillett, Ent. News, Vol. 13, 1902, p. 85.

Larva.—Length, 8-9 mm. Blood-red. Head about one and a

third times as long as broad ; antenna less than half as long as head
(PI. XXVI, Fig. 11); palpi half as long as mandibles; mandible

strong, apical tooth blackened, the teeth along the inner dorso-lateral

edge distinct (PI. XXIV, Fig. 18) ; hypopharynx (PI. XX\'I, Fig. 3)
brown, showing as distinctly as that of Protcnthes ciiliciformis; labium
with 4 teeth ( PI. XXV, Fig. i ) , the lateral process v.'ith long fringe.

Anterior pseudopods without strong apical claws; abdominal seg-

ments with numerous long, pale hairs laterally
;
posterior pseudopods

with the two circles of claws pale brown, one circle much stronger

and shorter than the other (PI. XX\'I, Fig. 5, shows one of the

strong claws)
;
papillae of the dorsal tufts about four times as long as

their diameter; dorsal tuft consisting of twelve sensory hairs; a dis-



380

tinct pair of hairs near apices of papillae and another near the middle;
a pair of long hairs above bases of dorsal blood-gills and another on
the inner dorsal surface of each of the pseudopods near their bases.

Pupa.—Length, 6-7 mm. Yellowish to fuscous. Thoracic respir-

atory organs rather long and conspicuous, their apical opening large,

surfaces with short setulae (PI. XXIV, Fig. 16) ; no noticeable tuber-*

cles near bases of respiratory organs. Apical abdominal appendage
produced into a fine point at tip, the lateral margin ciliated.

Imago; Male and Female.—Pale ochreous yellow to reddish yel-

low, opaque. Mesonotum with the vittse generally indistinct, the

whole disc white pollinose, most distinctly so on the vittae when
viewed from behind; thoracic hairs long and pale except on the

posterior third of the spaces between the stripes, where they are very
long and dark brown; scutellum yellow; postnotum yellow, with a

brown tinge. Abdomen yellow, basal half of each segment brown-
ish, the dark color usually carried backward at center on each seg-

ment ; surface hairs long and pale except a patch on each side of the

median line at posterior extremity of each segment in female, where
they are dark brown. Legs yellow ; a brown band near the apices of

the femora and near to bases of the tibiae ; mid and hind tibise with a

short black comb at apices. Wings with two brown bands, one over
the center of wing and the other on apical third, the latter much inter-

rupted before apex and with a number of rounded clear spots in the

dark part. Halteres yellow.

Antenna of male very similar to that of monilis, the plumes yel-

lowish. Mesonotum with very long hairs which cover almost the

entire disc and are most conspicuous on posterior third of the spaces

between the vittse and in front of wing-base, where they are brown;
a group of hairs present on sternopleura above; scutellar hairs long.

Hypopygium as in Figure 12, Plate XXVIL Basal joint of fore

tarsus about two thirds as long as fore tibia and distinctly longer than
the next two joints together; hairs on fore tarsus at least twice as

long as diameter of tarsal joints; mid and hind legs, especially the

tibiae, long-haired ; fourth tarsal joint on all legs longer than fifth.

Antenna of female slightly shorter than thorax, surface hairs of

moderate length, last joint slightly swollen. In other respects much
the same as the male, except that the abdomen is shorter and stouter

and the wings are comparatively broader, as is always the case in this

genus. The legs are similar in proportions to those of the male, but

the hairs are considerably shorter.

Length, 4.5 mm.
Illinois localities : Illinois River at Morris, from above the dam at

Marseilles (pupae) ; creek at Urbana (pupae); Algonquin, July 21,



381

1896 (W. A. Nason) ; and Urbana (imagines). Seven specimens

were reared from a lot of larvae found in the creek at Urbana, but

only pupae were preserved, the larval exuvije not being found in the

vial. Two of the imagines were captured in June and July; the others

were taken at light October 2 and 9, in a house in late October (22),

amongst evergreens November 2, and one, December 2, marked

"hibernating." The species may hibernate in the imago stage, though

larvae are found as early as March (Miss Mitchell).

This species has been recorded by Johannsen from the following

states : New York, Massachusetts, South Dakota, Pennsylvania, and

Michigan, and also from the District of Columbia. I have seen speci-

mens, submitted by Professor Aldrich, from Moscow and Potlach,

Idaho, and from Palouse, Wash., the months of capture being April

and September.

12. Tanypus johnsoni Cocjuillett

Tanypiis johnsoni, Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 609.

Male.—Differs from dyari in being paler in color, the thoracic vittae

being generally reddish and the ground color much paler. Abdominal
segments 2-6 with basal brown band, 7 entirely brown, 8 and the

hypopygium pale yellow. Legs yellow, femora with preapical brown
band. Wing with two poorly defined fasciae, one over the cross vein

and the other between that and wing-tip, the latter without dis-

tinguishable clear spots in it.

The fore tarsi in this species have distinct long hairs on the

posterior surfaces from before apex of basal joint to apex of fourth.

Hypopygium almost identical with that of liirtipciinis (PI. XXVIII,
Fig. 2) ; the hairs on abdomen unicolorous pale brown.

Female.—Agrees in coloration with the male.

Length, 3.5 mm.
Illinois localities: Momence, three males taken at light, July 17,

1914 (C. A. Hart); Algonquin, one female, May 3, 1894 (W. A.

Nason).
Originally described from New Jersey, by Coquillett.

The early stages are undescribed.

Protenthes Johannsen

There are six species occurring in Illinois which are referable to

this genus. Three of these, choreits Meigen, punctipennis Meigen,

and cidiciformis Linne, were described from Europe, and while com-

mon in various parts of that continent only the latter seems to be

common in Illinois. The larvae of culiciformis were taken commonly



382

in the Salt Fork at Homer, 111., March 21, 1914, and successfully

reared in vials. This species is not described by Johannsen in the

immature stages, but it seems necessary to indicate that the figures

given by him for Procladius aditmbratus ( 1-5 of Plate XX of his

work previously cited) are in practically all particulars identical with

those given herewith and drawn from cast larval skins of culiciformis.

It is probable that the two species are very similar in the larval stage,

though the only species of Procladius which I have reared has a very
differently constructed larva. Bellns has occasioned me considerable

trouble, and has been located here because of its general habitus rather

than its possession of the surface hairs of the wing, which are remark-
ably weak, and in some cases, where the specimen may have been in

alcohol or in some way become wet, are practically indistinguishable.

This applies also to riparius.

Key to Species

1. Wings with distinct blackish spots in addition to the spot on the

cross vein 2
— Wings without any spots except the spot on cross vein, or with in-

distinct clouding 3

2. Spots on wings almost black, a very distinct spot over the cross vein

and extending well into first posterior and median cells; almost
black species with the thorax white poUinose between the vittse ; the

pale and dark color of legs sharply contrasted. ... 1. stellatus.

— Spots on wings grayish, the spot over the cross vein not extending
distinctly into first posterior cell; yellowish species with brown
thoracic vittse ; leg colors not sharply contrasted. 2. punctipennis.

3. Wings with apical half and anterior margin of basal half grayish,

the cross vein blackened, a clear patch before and beyond the
cross vein 3. culiciformis.— Wings with only the cross vein blackened 4

4. Basal joint of fore tarsus over two thirds as long as fore tibia

4. cJioreus.

— Basal joint of fore tarsus slightly more than half as long as fore
tibia 5

5. Dark species, thorax, abdomen, and legs of male almost entirely
black ; hypopygium similar to that of culiciformis

5. claripennis.
— Pale species, thorax, abdomen, and legs almost entirely yellow ; hy-

popygium as in Figures 12, 7, Plate XXVIII 6
6. Thorax pale reddish yellow, the vittse reddish or brown

6. bellus*.— Thorax pale lemon-yellow, the vittae black or dark gray
7. riparius.

*I have placed this species in Protenthes because in some cases there are weak
hairs discernible on the wings, and the fooirth tarsal joint is elongate—not obcordate.



383

1. Protenthes stellatus Coquillett

Tani/pus slellatus Coquillett, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 25, 1902, p. 89.

Pupa.—Thoracic respiratory organ broken. No discernible trans-

verse tubercles on disc. Apical abdominal appendages shaped as in

Figure 5, Plate XXR^, lateral margin of each with two long flat hairs.

Imago; Male.—Similar to puuctipennis, but differing as follows:

general color much darker, the palest parts brown ; spaces between

the vittje white pollinose; apices of abdominal segments narrowly

white pollinose; legs marked as in puuctipennis but the hght and dark

portions more sharply contrasting; wings spotted in much the same

manner as in puuctipennis, but the spots are very dark, almost black,

the most conspicuous being a large one covering the cross vein and

extending well into the first posterior cell as well as into the median

cell. In other respects the species appear to be very much alike. Hypo-
pygium as in Figure i, Plate XX\"II.

Female.—Similar in coloration to the male.

Length, 2.5 mm.
Illinois localities: Thompson's Lake, Havana, September i, 1910,

Urbana and Momence, July, 1914, at light (all imagines) ; Matanzas

Lake, Havana, August 24, 1894 (pupa).

Originally described from Texas, Kansas, and New York, and

recorded subsequently by Johannsen from Ithaca, N. Y. I have seen

specimens taken by Mr. Hart at Cedar Lake, Ind., July, 1914.

2. Protenthes punctipenxis Meigen

Tanxipus pnnctipennis Meigen, Syst. Beschr., Vol. 1, 1818, p. 61; 9.

Pupa.—Length, 5 mm. Very similar to pupa of Tanypus monilis,

differing principally in the structure of the thoracic respiratory organ

(PI. XXVI. Fig. 13) and in the shape of the apical appendages of the

abdomen (PI. XXVI, Fig. 4).

Imago; Male and Female.—Yellow with a slight greenish or some-

times a brownish tinge. Head brownish, antennje and palpi yellow,

basal joint of the former sometimes brownish. Mesonotum opaque,

the three vittse pale brown, the whole surface gray pollinose ; scutel-

lum yellow
;
pleurje yellow, with a brown spot below wing-base and a

large triangular spot of same color between fore and mid coxse
;
post-

notum brown. Abdomen varying from yellow to brown, the anterior

margins of segments generally darker. Legs yellow, femora generally

with a brown preapical band, but sometimes in female with almost the

entire femur brownish and a yellow ring at about apical fourth ; tibiae



sometimes with a pale brown subbasal band, the apices narrowly
brown in all cases, as are also the apices of the tarsal joints. Wings
spotted almost as in stellatiis, the 3—4 spots in the first posterior cell

most distinct, cross vein blackened (PI. XXVII, Fig. 2).

Male.—Antenna longer than head and thorax together, structur-

ally almost identical with that of monilis; plumes pale brown and very
long. Thorax with very inconspicuous pale hairs, pleurae bare. Ab-
domen slender; hypopygium as in Figure 3, Plate XXVII. Legs long
and slender; basal joint of fore tarsus almost as long as fore tibia, and
as long as next three joints together; second joint slightly longer than
third; fore tarsus from near middle of basal joint to apex of fourth

with long hairs which exceed in length three times the diameter of the

tarsal joints upon which they are situated ; hairs on mid and hind legs

distinct, but not as long as those on fore tarsus. Wing narrow ; cross

vein near to middle ; costal vein extending well round the curve at

apex; petiole of cubitus less than one fourth as long as posterior

branch of cubitus.

Female.—Antenna shorter than thorax, basal joint small, surface

hairs of moderate length, apical joint swollen. Mesonotum as in the

male. Abdomen stout, surface hairs very short. Legs proportions as in

male, but fore tarsus nearly bare. Wing broader than in male ; cross

vein slightly before middle ; costa extending very nearly to the apex

;

petiole of cubitus about a third as long as posterior branch; surface

hairs more conspicuous than in male.

Length, 3-4 mm.
Illinois localities: East St. Louis, July 18, 1906; Vergennes,

August 12, 1914 (R. Grizzell) ; Havana, September; and Matanzas
Lake, Havana, August 24, 1894 (pupa).

Originally described from Europe. Specimens in Laboratory col-

lection from localities outside of this state are from Lake Delavan,
Wisconsin. September 1892, Grand Junction, Mich., July 1914 (C. A.
Hart), and from Brownsville and Lake Lomalta, Texas, November
(C. A. Hart).

One of the East St. Louis specimens was reared, but the larval

skin was not preserved. Amongst the material saved from the breed-
ing cage I found a single cast pupal skin, from which the drawings
here given were made.

When I first commenced this work on Chironomidcr I considered
it strange that Johannsen's drawing of the respiratory organ of Tany-
pus monilis should appear so different from that which Meinert gives

for the same species. I had no difficulty in associating Johannsen's
figure with the pupa which I obtained from the Illinois River material



385

in which nionilis occurred commonly, but only when going over some

material obtained near East St. Louis was I able to identify Meinert's

species, which proves to be Protenthes punctipennis. A lengthy descrip-

tion of the pupa is unnecessary, as the figures present the characters

for their differentiation more clearly than a word description could do.

Meinert evidently misidentified his specimens—a not uncommon fail-

ing with workers in this group.

Mr. Hart captured at Little Bear Lake, near Grand Junction,

Mich., July 15, 19 14, both sexes of a very dark variety of punctipen-

nis. The ground color of the body is pale brown, the darker por-

tions blackish, and the wing-markings dark gray. The male taken at

V'ergennes, 111., August 12, 1914, by Mr. Grizzell agrees in color with

those taken in other Illinois localities earlier in the year. As I can

find no structural differences between the specimens I consider them

merely as color varieties of the same species.

3. Protenthes cuwciformis Linne

Tipula culiciformis Linn«, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 1767, p. 978.

Larva.—Length, 4-5 mm. Pale yellowish buff, with a dark

brown dorso-central line, which is interrupted anteriorly and poste-

riorly, a rather paler latero-dorsal line, and a cross band of same color

on each suture, giving the larva a distinctly checkered appearance.

Head buff, apices of mandibles and labial plate dark brown. Head
about 1.5 times longer than broad, under side as shown in Figure 7,

Plate XXVI. Antennas much shorter than usual in this genus, barely

longer than mandible (PI. XXIV, Fig. 3) ; maxillary palpi as in Fig-

ure 4; labium often exposed (PI. XXV, Fig. 8), its lateral basal

process fringed ; hypopliarynx brown and usually very distinct, its

anterior margin with about eight rounded teeth on each side ; mandible

with the apical half forming a sharp slender tooth, the projection at

middle of inner surface of mandible pale, toothlike, projecting almost

parallel with the apical tooth. Anterior pseudopods with numerous
soft yellow hairs at apices, those at center slightly stouter and thorn-

like, but not in the form of claws; abdominal segments with numer-
ous very fine hairs on sides, which are only visible under a high-power

lens; posterior pseudopods of moderate length, armed at apices with

long claws, which are uniformly pale brownish; anal tufts consisting

of about ten sensory hairs each, their bases inserted in papillae which
are about three times as long as thick.

Pupa.—Length, 3.5-4 mm. Yellow to pale brown, the abdomen
marked somewhat similarly to that of the larva. Thoracic respiratory



organ as in Figure ii, Plate XXIV; abdominal segments covered with

short broad spinules, which become stronger posteriorly on each seg-

ment; apical abdominal appendages obtusely rounded, their margins

externally fringed with short, broad, scalelike hairs, two long lance-

olate hairs near the base of each.

Imago; Male and Female.—Yellowish brown, appearing almost

black sometimes. Head blackish brown, antennae, antennal plumes, and
palpi grayish black. Mesonotum with the vittae very broad, so that

the whole disc appears blackish, the surface light gray pollinose;

pleurae with a large yellowish membranous area at center above, the

remainder brown, subshining ; scutellum obscurely yellow
;
postnotum

brown. Abdomen almost entirely obscured with blackish brown, only

the posterior margins of segments yellowish. Legs varying from yel-

low to brown, with apices of tibiae, metatarsi, and secondjoints, and re-

maining tarsal joints brown, or almost entirely fuscous, with the

apices black. Wings as stated in key. Female with the light and dark

portions more sharply defined than in the male.

Male.—Basal joint of antenna large, globular; last joint cleft,

about twice as long as remaining joints of flagellum combined, plumes

dense and long. Mesonotum with sparse short pale hairs on spaces

between vittae, and more noticeable hairs of same color in front of

wing-base. Hairs on abdomen dark, rather numerous but not very

long; hypopygium as in Figure 5, Plate XXVHI. Legs long and
slender, fore metatarsus two thirds as long as fore tibia and as long

as the next three joints together ; the surface hairs short but distinct

;

fourth tarsal joint on all legs longer than fifth. Petiole of cubitus

subequal in length to the posterior branch of cubitus; costal vein

reaching well beyond end of radius and round curved apex of wing.

Female.—Antenna very much shorter than thorax, basal joint

much smaller than in male, last joint slightly swollen, surface hairs

short. Hairs in front of wing-base more numerous, stronger, and
darker than in male. Abdomen moderately stout, surface hairs pale

and weak. Legs stouter than in male ; basal joint of fore tarsus two
thirds as long as fore tarsi ; surface hairs very short. In other respects

as male.

Length, 3.5-4 mm.
Illinois localities : Algonquin, Dubois, St. Joseph, Urbana, Carmi,

Havana. Months of occurrence, April, May, and October. Speci-

mens taken by Mr. Hart at South. Haven, Mich., bear the date July

14, 19 14. The species occurs commonly at light.

Dates afifixed to specimens in the collection of the U. S. Bureau of

Biological Survey range from April to July 30, which seems to indi-



cate a continuous occurrence throughout the warmer portions of the

year. The species is abundant in Europe, including the British Isles.

A large number of specimens of both sexes of this species were
reared from larvae found in Salt Fork at Homer Park, 111., March
21, 1914. The larvae made slight cases amongst the debris in the bot-

tom of the vials in which I placed them, but generally transformed to

pupae outside of them. Their peculiar jerky movements during the

pupal stage when swimming distinguish them readily from other

Chironomidcc, which is also true of the Tanypincc in general, but this

characteristic is of no use in classifying alcoholic material. Although
the only food available for the larvae that I tried to rear was dead
vegetable matter, nearly all became adults, the few that died being

killed by a water mold or similar agency. The pupal stage lasted about

three days.

Larv« were obtained from the Illinois River or connected waters

as follows : Horshor Slough, Peoria Lake ; Averyville, river channel

;

Havana, along shore on both sides of river and Matanzas Lake

;

Stewart's Lake; Meredosia; and mouth of McGhee Creek. A few
larvae were also obtained from Spoon River.

4. Protenthes choreus Meigen

Tanypus choreus Meigen, Klass. u Beschr. d. Europ. Zweifl. Ins., 1804, 1: 23, 6.

Male.—Coloration identical with that of citliciformis, except that

the wings show a very faint suffusion on the apical half, and the

cross vein, with the region immediately adjoining it, is suffused with

fuscous.

The principal distinctions between this species and cidiciformis

may be summarized as follows : hypopygium differing in the shape of

the apical portion of lateral arm (PI. XXVIII, Figs. 4, 5) ; fore

tarsus with long and dense hairing, the length of which exceeds at

longest part three times the diameter of the tarsal joints. In other

respects similar to culiciformis.

Length, 4 mm.
I have seen only two examples of this species. These are from

Lake Delavan, Wis., but in all probability it occurs in Illinois also.

The early stages are unknown to me.

5. Protenthes claripennis, n. sp.

The male of this species resembles very closely that of cttlici-

forniis, differing in having the legs entirely black, the hypopygium
with the apical portion as in Figure 7, Plate XXVII, and the wings



clear. The female has much the appearance of that of riparins but is

rather larger and more robust, the antennae are blackish, the abdomen
is almost entirely black, the segments having only very inconspic-

uous pale posterior margins, and the black color of the legs extends

more over the various joints. The male differs from choreus in hav-

ing the fore tarsi bare, and the proportions of basal joint and tibia

different.

Length: male, 4-4.5 mm.; female, 3.5-4 mm.
Type locality. South Haven, Mich., July 14, 1914. Taken by Mr.

Hart on shore of Lake Michigan.

6. Protenthes BEtLus Loew

Tanypus lellus Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Vol. 10, 1866, p. 4.

Larva.—Length, 5-6 mm. Yellow. Labial plate, apices of mandi-

bles, and claws of pseudopods brown, abdominal segments slightly

brownish on dorsum.

Labial plate with the teeth similar to those of monilis, the lateral

basal process as in Protenthes culiciformis ; hypopharynx exposed as

in the latter species, 7-8 toothed; mandibles as in monilis; antennae

short and rather thick, in length less than one third that of head and

about five times that of their basal diameter, the jointed apical por-

tion barely longer than the diameter of basal joint at apex, the apex of

the former with several short processes, the unjointed process on

apex of basal joint as long as the jointed portion and almost as thick;

maxillary palpi short, barely more than twice as long as the diameter.

Claws of anterior pseudopods very numerous and much weaker than

those of the posterior pair, those of the latter unicolorous, mostly

slender, those of the subapical circle broader (PI. XXVL Figs. 9,

10) ; dorsal tufts consisting of sixteen sensory hairs, the basal papil-

lae three times a long as thick.

Pupa.—Length, 4-5 mm. Brownish yellow. Thoracic respiratory

organ as in Figure 9, Plate XXVII; no distinguisliable thoracic tu-

bercles. Abdomen without distinguishable hairs on dorsum, lateral

margins of penultimate segment with three long, slightly flatttened

hairs, last segment with five such hairs ; apical appendages as in Figure

12, Plate XXVL
Imago; Male and Female.—Pale rufous yellow, opaque. Head yel-

low, antennae pale brown, basal joint in male dark brown, in female

generally yellow, plumes of male antenna yellowish brown. Meso-

notum with the vittae pale reddish, rarely reddish brown; scutellum

yellow
;
postnotum the color of vittae. Abdomen yellow, all the seg-



ments with anterior marginal bands of a brownish color, which be-

come considerably broader from middle to apex of abdomen in male,

but are of almost uniform width on all segments in female. Legs pale

yellow; apices of tibiae, of first two tarsal joints, and whole of remain-

ing tarsal joints dark brown. Wings clear; cross vein clouded. Hal-
teres yellow.

Male.—Antenna appreciably longer than head and thorax com-
bined, plumes conspicuous and closely placed. Mesonotum with weak,

pale hairs between vittae and in front of wing-base ; scutellum with
similarly colored, longer hairs. Abdominal hairs pale and rather long;

hypopygium as in Figure 12, Plate XX\'III. Legs slender; fore

tarsus with basal joint about two thirds as long as fore tibia and as

long as next three joints combined ; no long surface hairs on tarsus

or mid and hind legs; fourth tarsal joint elongate, subequal in length

to fifth. Wing venation very similar to that of cuUciformis, apical

portion of Rg weak bej-ond Rj (the cross vein)
;

petiole of cubitus

subequal to posterior branch of cubitus; surface hairs of wing almost

indistinguishable.

Female.—Similar to male, but with the usual sexual distinctions.

The antenna is distinctly shorter than the thorax, the basal joint is

much less swollen than in the male, the apical joint is distinctly

swollen, and the surface hairs are very short, being barely longer than
the diameter of the antennal joints. Body rather stout. In other re-

spects similar to male.

Length, 2.5-3 mm.
Several specimens of this species have been taken at Havana, on

the Illinois River, and also at L^rbana, during April and May. Ex-
amples in the collection of the Bureau of Biological Sur^-ey were
taken at Washington, D. C, in May and June by W. L. McAtee.

The larval and pupal stages are described here for the first time.

The material was obtained by the writer at Havana.
This species was originally described from Washington, D. C, and

was not known to Johannsen when he wrote his paper, already re-

ferred to, on the Chironoimdcc.

7. Protenthes riparius, n. sp.

This species is very similar to the foregoing; in fact so similar

that at one time I regarded it as only a color variety of belliis. The
characters separating it from that species are given in the following

paragraph.

Male and Female.—Pale lemon-yellow, opaque ; thoracic vittse

black, slightly gray pollinose on surface ; abdomen with only the pos-



390

terior margins narrowly, but conspicuously, pale lemon-yellow in

male, but with the pale and dark colors almost equally divided in the

female; the legs with but little indication of pale color at base of sec-

ond tarsal joint, appearing infuscated from apex of basal joint to

their tips. In other respects similar to belliis except that the hypo-
pygium is as represented in Figure 7, Plate XXVIII, and that gen-

erally the insect is a little larger, averaging 3.5 mm.
Localities : type, Thompson's Lake, Havana, May, 1912^ para-

types, same locality, April 19, 1898, and April 30 and May i, 1912;
allotype, Havana, April 20, 1898.

The larva and pupa are unknown to me.

I do not consider it probable that the foregoing can possibly prove

to be a color variety of bellus; but even in the event of such proof

being forthcoming it will be necessary to retain the varietal name.

There is, however, in the mount of bellus which I have prepared a

good distinction from riparhis in the shape of the apical portion of

the lateral arm of the hypopygium, and this should, I think, entitle the

two species to separation, though in other respects, except color and
size, they are almost identical.

PROCtADius Skuse

The imagines of this genus may be separated from those of Tany-

pus and Protenthes by the absence of the surface hairs from the

wings. It is, however, difficult to detect the hairs in some species of

Protenthes, but I consider it highly probable that the obcordate fourth

tarsal joint and bare wings will be found together, and that the spe-

cies with the elongate fourth tarsal joint will invariably have surface

hairs on the wings, though at times it will be difficult to distinguish

them. I have not at the present time sufficient material to permit my
making a definite statement on this point, but the species which I have

in hand justify this opinion, and that is as far as I can go safely.

Were it not for the fact that Johannsen has described the larva of

Procladius adumbratiis as being almost identical with that of

Protenthes culiciforrnis I should suggest that the shape of the labial

plate of Procladius concinmis furnishes a character for distinguishing

the larvse of this genus from those of Protenthes. I may also men-
tion that the Procladius larvae I have seen are invariably red or red-

dish, while the other genera have invariably whitish yellow or brown-

ish larvae. However, unless Johannsen confused his material this

rule will not hold.



391

Keiffer has erected a new genus (Clinotanypus, Rec. Ind. Mus.,

Vol. 9, 191 3, p. 157) for species with the fourth tarsal joint obcor-

date, retaining the name Procladius for species having the fourth

tarsal joint linear. I have not seen Skuse's original description of

Procladius, and for the time being retain this name for our species,

although our species have the fourth tarsal joint obcordate.

The keys given herewith will serve to distinguish the imagines of

the Illinois species of Procladius.

Key to Species

Fourth tarsal joint elongate; small yellow species, 3-3.5 mm.;
mesonotum with 3 reddish vittae ProtentJies bellus*.

Fourth tarsal joint obcordate; larger species, 4-4.5 mm 2

Petiole of cubitus one third as long as lower branch of that vein .

.

1. tlioracicus.

Petiole of cubitus about as long as its own diameter 3

Mesonotum with the disc glossy black, lateral anterior margins and
prescutum creamy white 2. scapularis.

Mesonotum reddish yellow with 3 reddish vittae, the posterior ex-

tremities of the lateral vittffi and a spot on each side of scutellum
deep black 3. concinnus.

1. Fourth tarsal joint elongate Protentlies hellus*.— Fourth tarsal joint obcordate 2
2. Abdomen black and white annulate, petiole of cubitus extremely

short 2. scapularis.
— Abdomen with apices of segments pale, but not conspicuously an-

nulate 3
3. Petiole of cubitus one third as long as lower branch of that vein.

1. tlioracicus.— Petiole of cubitus about as long as its own diameter
3. concinnus.

I. Procladius thoracicus Loew
Tanypus thoracicus Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Vol. 10, 1866, p. 4.

Male.—Yellow, shining. Head yellow, obscured with brownish;
antennse brown, plumes pale brown; face and palpi yellow. Thorax

*For description see p. 388. See also p. 382.



392

shining yellow ; mesonotum with the vittae blackish brown, very broad,

almost obscuring the pale ground-color; only the upper central por-

tion of pleurae yellow; scutellum and postnotum blackish brown; hairs

on thorax pale brown. Abdomen blackish brown, yellowish at the

incisions. Legs yellow; apices of femora and bases of tibiae slightly

brownish; apices of all tibiae dark brown; apices of basal and whole

of remaining joints of fore tarsi, apices of first two and all of the last

three joints of mid and hind tarsi dark brown. Wings clear, cross

vein brown, the other veins yellow. Halteres yellow.

Antennae barely longer than head and thorax together, densely

plumose, basal joint much swollen. Mesonotum with the surface

hairs very short, those on scutellum barely longer than the discal

hairs. Abdomen slender, slightly spatulate at apex; hypopygium as

in Figure 9, Plate XXVIII ; surface hairs short and numerous. Legs

slender; basal joint of fore tarsus barely over half as long as fore

tibia, and subequal in length to the next three taken together ; no long

hairs on fore tarsus; fourth tarsal joint on all legs obcordate. Radius

reaching slightly beyond the beginning of apical curve of wing
;
petiole

of cubitus half as long as posterior branch of cubitus.

Female.—Similar in general color and markings to the male, but

considerably more of the reddish yellow ground-color of head is vis-

ible, as the brown color is absent except on the apical half of antennae

;

the thorax is also much paler, the vittae being reddish except centrally,

where they become brown, being sometimes entirely brown, when the

resemblance to the male becomes more apparent; scutellum yellow;

postnotum brown apically. Abdomen shining dark brown. Legs as

in male. Wing veins more distinct than in male.

Antenna distinctly shorter than thorax, third joint as long as

4+5, apical joint slightly longer than third, slightly swollen, surface

hairs about twice as long as diameter of the joints; eyes much more
widely separated than in male. Thorax with hairs as in male. Hairs

on abdomen very short. Leg proportions as in male, as also wing
venation.

Length, 4.5-5 mm.
Localities: Algonquin, 111., June and August; and Havana, on the

Illinois River, during the months April to July and as late as Septem-

ber 21. The species probably occurs throughout the warm months of

the year.

Originally described from Washington, D. C, and recorded from

New Jersey by Smith.

The early stages are unknown to me.



393

2. Procladius scapularis Loew

Tanypus scapiilaris Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Vol. 10, 1866, p. 2.

Male.—Black, subopaque. Head white behind and above eyes;

antennae black, the plumes on the basal two-thirds pale brown, on

apical third almost black, apical joint with white hair. Pronotum, lat-

eral margins of mesonotum anterior to wing-base, and almost the

whole central and anterior portion of pleurae creamy white; scutellum

and postnotum black. Abdomen black with three yellowish white

bands, a broad one at base, a much narrower one at middle, and the

third on the apical half of the sixth segment; apical portions of liypo-

pygium white. Legs black; coxae at apices, trochanters and bases of

femora, tibiae except bases and apices, and the basal two-thirds of

first tarsal joint of all legs whitish yellow. Wings clear, cross vein

blackened. Halteres pale yellow.

Antenna slightly longer than head and thorax together, basal joint

much swollen, plumes long and dense. Mesonotum with short discal

hairs, those on lateral margins in front of wing-base most distinct;

scutellar hairs not strong. Abdomen with numerous short surface

hairs; hypopygium as in Figure 8, Plate XXVIII. Legs slender; fore

tarsus without long hairs, its basal joint two thirds as long as fore

tibia, and distinctly longer than the remaining joints combined ; fourth

tarsal joint on all legs obcordate. Costa reaching almost to apex of

wing ; radius reaching well round the curve at apex
;
petiole of cubitus

barely longer than its own width.

Female.—Similar to male in coloration, except that the head is

almost entirely yellow, and the antennal hairs are unicolorous brown

;

the abdomen is unicolorous black except the base of venter, which is

yellowish; the fore legs are entirely black except the bases of the

femora, and the yellow tibial bands are much narrower.

The antenna is very much shorter than the thorax, the basal joint

slightly swollen and the apical joint very slightly so, the surface hairs

are very short. Thorax as in male. Abdomen stout. Leg propor-

tions as in male, and also the wing venation.

Length, 3.5-4 mm.
Localities, Savanna, 111., July 20, 1892, and Havana, 111., August

8, 1896. All females.

The only males I have seen belong to the collection of the Bureau

of Biological Survey, and were taken at Washington, D. C, and on
Plummer's Island, Md., by W. L. jNIcAtee.

The species was originally described from Washington, D. C, and

has been subsequently recorded from New Jersey by J ohannsen.

The early stages are unknown to me.



3- Procladius concinnus Coquilletl

Taiiypus concinnus Coquillett, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 189.5, p. 308.

Larva.—Length, 6.5-8 mm. Blood-red. Head about 1.5 times

as long as broad; labrum as in Figure 12, Plate XXV; antenna about

half as long as head, basal portion about six sevenths of the entire

length ( PI. XXIV, Fig. 15); mandible brown at apex, central tooth on
inner surface poorly developed; labium as in Figure 6, Plate XXV;
labial papillae as in Figure 9, Plate XXV ; maxillary palpus as in Fig-

ure 6, Plate XXIV; eye spot double, the spots almost confluent. An-
terior pseudopods short and stout; abdominal segments with numer-
ous very fine hairs

;
posterior pseudopods short and stout, their apices

with pale brown claws; dorsal respiratory organs stout, with two dis-

tinct hairs just above their bases ; dorsal tuft with about twenty long

sensory hairs, the basal papillae about twice as long as thick, dorsal

view of anal segments as in Figure 15, Plate XXVI.
Pupa.—Length, 5-6 mm. Reddish, becoming brownish as the

time for emergence of the adult approaches. Respiratory organ as in

Figure 4, Plate XXVII (part of the trachea shown) ; a short trans-

verse row of minute tubercles extending from near the base of each

respiratory organ towards the mesial line. Slightly beyond the mid-

dle of the lateral margin on each segment there is a small wartlike pro-

tuberance armed with hairs as shown in Figure 6, Plate XXVI ; lat-

eral margin of penultimate segment with eight long lanceolate hairs,

serially arranged on the apical four-fifths; last segment with a patch

of microscopic setulae on the dorsal surface near base, and five long,

lanceolate, lateral hairs; apical appendage elongate, rounded at apex,

the two lanceolate hairs not very broad, the small marginal hairs ex-

traordinarily numerous and very fine.

Imago; Male and Female.—Pile yellowish buff, slightly shining.

Head and its appendages yellow, in female sometimes brownish; an-

tennal plumes in male yellow. Mesonotum with the vittae reddish, the

vitta on each side in male with its outer margin broadly black from
middle to posterior extremity, the central vitta in female generally

with the lateral margins blackened and the black color of the lateral

pair confined to the apices ; scutellum with a black spot on each side

;

postnotum black on center or entirely black; disc of mesonotum in

male noticeably white pollinose between the vittae
;
pleurae immaculate,

or with a brownish spot below wing-base. Abdomen with a brown
band at bases of segments two to six in male, the band in female often

reduced to a transverse series of three spots on each segment. Legs
yellow, a narrow ring at apices of all tibiae and at apices of basal joint



395

of all tarsi brown, all tarsi from apices of second joint obscured with

brown. Wings clear, cross vein distinctly infuscated. Halteres yellow.

Male.—Antenna as long as head and thorax together, basal joint

much swollen, last joint about one and a half times as long as rest of

flagellum, plumes very long and dense. IMesonotum almost bare, the

hairs between vittje very weak; a small group of rather short hairs

close in front of wing-base. Abdomen with quite long and rather

numerous pale hairs ; hypopygium as in Figure 6, Plate XXVIII. Legs
rather slender and without long hairs ; basal joint of fore tarsus about

two thirds as long as fore tibia and distinctly longer than the remain-

ing joints combined ; fourth tarsal joint of all legs obcordate. Wing
venation as in preceding species.

Female.—Structurally almost identical with the female of the pre-

ceding species.

Length, 4.5-5 mm.
Illinois localities: Urbana, July 2, 1887 (C. A. Hart), and Sep-

tember 5, 1914 (J. R. Malloch) ; Havana, August and September, sev-

eral of the speciments at light. Larvae occur commonly in the Illinois

River as far north as Ottawa, and in the numerous connected lakes.

Originally described from Tick Island, Fla., and not subsequently

recorded as far as I am aware.

PsiLOTANVPUs Kieffer

As far as our present knowledge goes, this genus is represented in

North America by only a single species, occidentalis Coquillett. The
immature stages are unknown.

PSILOTANYPUS OCCIDENTALIS Coquillett

Tunijpus occidenUilis Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 25, 1902, p. 92.

Male.—Brownish black, subshining. Head fuscous, including the

antennae and their plumes, face yellowish. Pronotum, anterior mar-

gins of mesonotum, upper central portion of pleurae, and scutellum

yellowish. Venter of abdomen yellowish, dorsum black. Legs brown-

ish, tibiae and tarsi, except their apices, paler. Wings clear, veins

brownish. Halteres yellow.

Pronotum rather wide, central excision weak. Hypopygium with

distinct, acute extension of dorsal plate, apical portion of lateral arm
recurved. Legs slender, fore tarsi with moderately long sparse hairs,

basal joint four fifths as long as fore tibiae ; fourth tarsal joint on all

legs linear, longer than fifth
;
pulvilli absent ; empodium small. Vena-



tion similar to that of Protcuthes (PI. XXVII, Figs. 2, 5), differing

in the absence of the fork at apex of first vein; cubitus forking about
as far beyond cross vein as the length of that vein.

Length, 4.5 mm.
LocaHty, South Haven, Mich., July 14, 1914, on shore of Lake

Michigan (C. A. Hart).

This species resembles Diamesa ivaltlii in color and size, but differs

in venation and in having the fourth tarsal joint linear.

The foregoing description differs from that given by Coquillett

in color of legs, an unimportant detail, and as the original description

is very brief it is not possible to identify the present species with ab-

solute certainty.

Originally described from Colorado, and subsequently recorded

from New Jersey by Johnson.

CcELOTANYPUS Kieffer

The genus Coclotanypits is a rather arbitrary one, and its status

could readily be questioned, since the species which have a short petiole

to the cubitus show so much variation in its shortness that I should

expect the petiole to be absent in individual cases. I have found it a

general rule in Diptera, as well as in other orders, that where the

petiole of a vein is very short, or where two veins meet another vein

in close proximity to each other, the tendency is to considerable varia-

tion in the comparative length of the short portions of the veins in

different specimens, or even on the wings of the same specimen. This
genus is retained here more for convenience and a desire to avoid

confusion than because I consider it entitled to separation from Pro-
dadiiis. Johannsen suggested in his paper on this group in 1905 that

tricolor belonged to Anatopynia, but in 1913 Kieffer erected the genus
Coelotanypiis for this species and humeralis Loew, the basis of separa-

tion being the shape of the fourth tarsal joint. Anatopynia as re-

stricted by Kieffer does not occur in North America, Johannsen having
indicated as the type of the genus Tanypiis phimipes Fries, a European
species not known to occur in North America.

CcELOTANYPUS TRICOLOR Loew

Tanypus tricolor Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1861, Vol. 5, p. 309.

Female.—Glossy yellow. Head slightly brownish. Mesonotum
with the vittse reddish or brownish, becoming black on the outer

margins ; anterior lateral margins of mesonotum and anterior half of

pleurae creamy white but not so conspicuous as in scapiilaris; scutelluni



and postnotum dark brown. Abdomen brown with the posterior

margins yellow, those of segments two and six conspicuously so.

Legs yellow, with the following parts brown : an indistinct broad band

on middle, and a narrower darker one at apices, of femora; a broad

band extending from near base to middle and a narrower one on

apices of all tibite ; the fore tarsi from apical third of basal joint to its

tip; the apex of basal tarsal joint and from apex of second joint to

the tip of tarsi on mid and hind legs. Wings clear, cross vein infus-

cated. Halteres yellow.

Almost identical in structure with the female of scapularis, but

rather larger and more robust. The basal joint of fore tarsus is

slightly more than half the length of fore tibia and distinctly, though

not greatly, shorter than the remaining tarsal joints combined. The
petiole of the cubitus is not distinguishable, though .the fork is not

proximad of the cross vein. In other respects almost as scapularis.

Length, 4.5 mm.
Illinois locality, Havana, July 5, 1894; two females reared from

larvae taken from the Illinois River at this place. The larval and
pupal exuviae were not saved. Specimens of larvae which from their

general appearance were considered to belong to this species had
been previously preserved in alcohol, but for obvious reasons they can

not be definitely associated with the adults. The writer took a female

specimen at Havana June 15, 1914.

Originally described from New York, and not subsequently re-

corded as far as I am aware.

Unidentified Larv.^ of Tanypin;e

During the years 1912-13 a large amount of material representing

larvae and pupae of this subfamily and the other subfamilies of Clii-

ronomidcc was obtained by dredging in the Illinois Kiver, but no at-

tempt was made to rear imagines from it owing to the press of other

matters. In order to complete this work of identification as far as

possible under the circumstances, and to enable any future worker on
Illinois Chironomidcc to associate these larvae with imagines which
may subsequently be reared from larvae possessing the same charac-

ters, a brief description of two species is given here, with a list of

localities for each.

Tanypus sp. a
This species is very close to nionilis, but dififers noticeably in the

form of the labial plate (PI. XXV, Fig. 2) and in the structure of

the palpus and antenna (PI. XXIV, Figs. 12, 13). Mandible as



shown in Figure 17, Plate XXIV; labial papillje as in Figure 4, Plate

XXV.
Localities, Meredosia, Naples, La Grange Lock, and Grafton—all

on the Illinois River.

Tanypus sp. B

Length, 5 mm. Labial plate as in Figure 5, Plate XXV; body
slightly flattened; head parts pale in color; antenna and maxillary

palpus as in Figures 8 and 9, Plate XXIV
;
posterior pseudopods not

much elongated ; anal respiratory organs large, not acute at apices, the

dorsal pair of hairs present ; dorsal tuft with about twelve hairs, the

papillse about five times as long as thick.

Localities, Averyville, Pekin, Havana, Thompson's Lake, Ma-
tanzas Lake, Meredosia, and La Grange Lock—all on or connected

with the Illinois River.

CHIRONOMIN^
The species included in the Chironomince form a more complex

group than do those contained in the other two subfamilies, but,

nevertheless, one which nowhere lends itself to a satisfactory subdi-

vision which will apply to all stages, and lacking this I do not consider

it expedient to subdivide them except in the imago stage. Many quite

striking larval characters are found in species the imagines of which
are so similar to others which do not possess these larval characters

that they are separable with difficulty, while, on the other hand very

dissimilar imagines have often very similar larvae. The presence of

the medio-cubital cross-vein of the wing in Diamesa at once dis-

tinguishes the imago from any other chironomine species and seems

to link it closely with Tanypincc, but the antennal difference between

the sexes and the type of larva unmistakably point to its closer affinity

with the present group. The case-forming habit of the genus Taiiy-

tarsus is an elaboration of the burrowing habit of other chironomid
species, which, taken in conjunction with the hairy wings of the

imagines indicates a good generic distinction from their closest rela-

tives. Many of the generic divisions are perfectly sound, but within

the last few years some arbitrary divisions have been proposed, nota-

bly by Kieffer, which may be very useful to systematists who can ap-

preciate the minutiae of the distinctions, but which are, I am confident,

not in keeping with the natural grouping of the species. This convic-

tion must impress itself upon any one who studies the larval and pupal

stages, which, in nearly all orders, furnish a better basis for classifica-

tion than do the imagines. In the present paper the object which has



been kept in view is principally that of presenting a classification

whereby the Chironouiidcr occurring within the State of Illinois may
be readily identified. It has, however, been necessary, particularly in

this subfamily, to examine a large number of species which are not

represented in the collection of the State Laboratory of Natural His-

tory, and this paper presents certain facts ascertained from an exam-
ination of species not known to occur in the state because they seem

to support deductions arrived at from an examination of Illinois

species.

The larvae of the different genera are very similar in appearance

and, as already indicated, do not seem to lend themselves to generic

classification. The "blood-worms" do not belong exclusively to the

genus Chironomus, as some species of Tanypina are blood-red. It is

not the case that red larvje have invariably ventral blood-gills on the

eleventh segment in the genus Chiroiwiniis as stated by Johannsen.*

Several blood-red species of Chironomus have no ventral blood-gills,

though I do not know of any species of another color which possesses

these organs.

I have included in a single key all the larvje of this subfamily

known to me. considering it probable that they may thus be more read-

ily identified.

The pupae of the genus Chironoiniis are readily separable from
those of any other genus by the numerous hairlike filaments of the

thoracic respiratory organs. The other genera, however, are very

similar in general appearance, and, considering the small number of

species which I have examined that are represented in all stages, it

would be unwise to propose in this paper any method of separation of

the pupae on a generic basis. That characters exist which may be used

for the purpose of generic subdivisions I have no doubt, but no ad-

vantage is to be gained by such a course when the paucity of available

data would in all probability lead to a confusion of generic and spe-

cific characters.

The imagines of some genera are very closely allied to each other,

and in certain cases, Camptochdhis and Orthodadius, for example,

the genera are almost inseparable. I have endeavored to make the dis-

tinctions clear, and have refrained from elaboration in description,

depending largely on illustrations, which are more easily comprehen-

sible than the most lucid description. Many characters which, have

either been ignored or overlooked by previous writers on the family

have been introduced in this paper, but the anatomical details have

bv no means been exhausted.

'Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera, Bull. 86, X. Y. State Mus., 1905, p. 181.



In a recent paper* Kieffer has divided the Chironomincc (Tendipe-
dincu) into three groups, Clunionaricc, Orthodadiaricc, and Tendipe-
daria, using as the principal character for their separation the pres-

ence or absence of the apical comb on the hind tibije, or the form of

that comb. I have not followed Kieffer in this respect, partly because

I am not satisfied with his basis for the separation, but chiefly be-

cause I believe that the present classification will enable students to

recognize the species dealt with in this paper more readily than that

proposed by Kieffer, with its many subdivisions.

Key to Genera

1. Medio-eubital cross-vein present Diamesa (p. 410).— Medio-eubital cross-vein absent 2
2. Fourth tarsal joint obeordate, shorter than fifth 3
— Fourth tarsal joint cylindrical, generally longer than fifth 5

3. Third tarsal joint subequal in length to fourth Parax:lunio^

.

— Third tarsal joint conspicuously longer than fourth 4
4. Wing venation normal, first and third veins not conspicuously

thickened at apices, ending well bej'ond middle of wing ; male an-

tennae with 15 joints Tlialassoniyia (p. 411)

.

— Wing of female with the appearance of having a stigma, first and
third veins conspicuously thickened on apical portion, ending
about wing middle ; third vein ends much in front of apex of wing
in male; male antennae with 13 joints CorynoneuraX (p. 413).

5. Basal joint of fore tarsi subequal to or appreciably longer than
fore tibise; apical portion of lateral arm of hypopj^gium not re-

curved, simple, without thornlike process on inner side at apex . . 6

— Basal joint of fore tarsi not as long as fore tibiaj, generally very
much shorter ; apical portion of lateral arm of hypopygium nearly

always recurved and armed at apex on inner side with one or

more short thornlike processes 7

6. Wings bare ; third vein rarely (stihcequalis and pseudoviridis) end-

ing at a point farther in front of apex of wing than fourth ends

behind it Cliironomus (p. 414)

.

•Eec. Ind. Mus., Vol. 9, 1913, p. 120.

+The genus Para<;lunio Kieffer was erected with triloiatus Kieffer as the only
species. This species is a synonym of Telmatogeton alaskensis Coquillett, the latter

being placed in a wrong genus by Coquillett. The synonymy will thus stand as fol-

lows :

Paraclunio alaskensis (Coquillett), the present paper.
Telmatogeton alaskensis Coquillett, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. 2, 1900, p. 395.

Paraclunio trilohatus, Kieffer, Bull. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de Metz, Ser. 3, Vol. 3,

p. 103.

tCorynonenra is stated by Kieffer to have 11 antennal joints in the male.



401

— Wings with distinct surface hairs; third vein ending appreciably

farther in front of apex of wing than fourth ends behind it

Tanytarsus (p. 484)

.

7. Wings with distinct surface hairs Metriocnemus* (p. 497).
— Wings bare 8

8. Thorax with a distinct longitudinal furrow ; antennse in both sexes

short-haired and with 7 joints (2+5) . .Chasmatonotus (p. 499).
— Thorax without median furrow ; antenna of male with more than 7

joints 9

9. Apical portion of lateral arm of hypopygium not recurved, un-

armed at apex on inner side (PI. XXXVII, Fig. 16)

Pseudocliironomus\ (p. 500)

.

— Apical portion of lateral arm of hypopygium recurved, generally

armed on inner side at apex with one or more thornlike proc-

esses 10

10. Legs conspicuously bieolored, black and white ; eyes hairy

Cricotopus ( p. 501 )

.

— Legs not conspicuously bieolored, either black or brown, or if paler

without sharply contrasted colors 11

11. Posterior branch of cubitus conspicuously bisinuate (PI. XXXV,
Fig. 9) Camptocladius (p. 507).

— Posterior branch of cubitus either straight or slightly sinuous

OrtJiocladius, sens. lat. (p. 512)

.

N. B. The genera Tersesthes Townsend and Eutanypus Coqiiillett are unknown
to me.

Key to LARViEf

1. Eleventh segment with latero-ventral blood-gills, which are usually

very long and situated low 2

— Eleventh segment without blood gills 7

2. Only one pair of blood gills on eleventh segment, situated high on
side at posterior margin, and occasionally very short or even

*Eurncnem>is, which has been recorded from New Jersey, differs from Metrioc-

nemus in having the mesonotum eonically produced in front, and the hind tibiae dilated

and hairy. I have not seen Illinois specimens of this genus. A genus, Brillia, has
been erected by Kieffer for the reception of those species of Metriocnemus that have
the hypopygium with apical portion of lateral arm bifid. At least one American
species belongs to Brillia.

tThis genus is intermediate between CMron-omus and Orthocladius, resembling
the former in the structure of the hypopygium and the latter in venation and in having
the basal joint of the fore tarsi conspicuously shorter than the fore tibise. The species

described under the name Chironomus pseudoviridis, n. sp., in this paper shows a much
closer approach to the typical Chironomus, and I therefore leave it in that genus
though the length of the basal joint of the fore tarsi is not equal to that of the fore

tibise, and the hind tibise have an apical spur instead of a comb of regular, closely

placed spinules.

tSpecies without page number are not treated in text.



absent; labium with the central tooth simple (PI. XXIX, Pigs.

7, 8) Ckironomus lobiferus (p. 430)

.

— Two pairs of blood gills present, situated low on sides and very long
and noticeable; labium with the central tooth trifid, or the first

lateral tooth very small 3
3. Central labial tooth either truncated at apex or but poorly defined,

the separation between it and the first laterals very slight 4— Central labial tooth either acutely pointed, or rounded at apex and
with a more or less distinct shoulder on either side 5

4. The 3 central teeth almost fused (PL XXIX, Fig. 1), antenna with
6 joints (PI. XXX, Fig. 10) . . .Cliironomus flavicingula (p. 432).— The 3 central teeth distinctly divided ; antenna with 5 joints

Cliironomus plumosus (p. 447)

.

5. Large species, about 25 mm. in length

Cliironomus tentans? (p. 444)

.

— Smaller species, not over 15 mm. in length 6

6. Central labial tooth slightly rounded or acute at apex, without a
distinct shoulder (PI. XXIX, Fig. 10)

Cliironomus viridicollis (p. 457)

.

— Central labial tooth generally distinctly rounded and with a distinct

shoulder Cliironomus decorus (p. 472)

.

7. Abdominal segments with a distinct pencil of hairs on each side

near posterior margin in addition to a few scattered hairs

Cricotopus trifasciatus (p. 503)

.

— Abdominal segments without distinct pencil of hairs 8
8. Labium with the central portion pale, broadly rounded in outline,

the lateral portions dark colored, heavily chitinized, and digitate

(PI. XXX, Fig. 13) ( Cliironomus digitatus (p. 483).

( Cliironomus sp. C (p. 529).
— Labium and antenna not as above 9

9. Very large species, averaging 45 mm. in length

Cliironomus ferrugineovittatus (p. 446).— Much smaller species, not more than 12 mm. in length 10

10. Central labial tooth not divided in middle 11
— Central labial tooth divided in middle 29
11. First and second lateral teeth fused nearly to their apices, much

more closely adherent than central and first lateral or second and
third ; or anterior outline of labial plate convex, never subtriangu-

lar 12
— First and second lateral teeth not closely united; or labial plate

subtriangular 13

12. First and second lateral teeth fused nearly to apices

Ckironomus tenellus.

— First and second lateral teeth separate for some distance from their

apices Cliironomus dux.

13. First lateral tooth longer than central tooth 14



403

— First lateral tooth shorter than central tooth, or at most subequal

to it 16

14. First lateral tooth very distinctly longer than central tooth and dis-

tinctly broader (PI. XXIX, Fig. 22) ; basal joint of apical section

of antenna dark, not longer than next joint (PI. XXX, Fig. 8)

Genus incertus C (p. 533).
— First lateral tooth but slightly longer than the central one and not

broader 15

15. Apical jointed portion of antenna slender, subequal in length to

basal portion; stoiit species, with the body rounded in cross-sec-

tion, and the segments not clearly defined

Chironomus lobiferus (p. 430)

.

— Apical jointed portion of antenna stout, distinctly shorter than the

basal portion; slender, tapering species, the body segments

slightly flattened and well defined Cricotopus varipes.

16. Central labial tooth and all except the first lateral truncated api-

cally, first lateral very short, and acute at apex (PI. XXIX. Fig.

5) ; mandibles without distinct teeth (PI. XXX, Fig. 3) ; antenna

as in Figure 6, Plate XXX Cliironomus sp. B (p. 529).

— Labium not as above 1"

17. Mandibles with two poorly defined teeth (PI. XXX. Fig. 1), 3 very

large labial teeth, the others short (PI. XXIX. Fig. 15)

Genus incertus A (p. 532).
— ^Mandibles with well-developed teeth; labium otherwise than

above 18

18. Central labial tooth very broad, at least twice as broad as first lat-

eral tooth, central portion of labium paler than lateral por-

tions 19

— Central labial tooth not twice as bi'oad as first lateral ; or the cen-

tral portion of labiiim generally as dark as the lateral portions. 21

19. Central labial tooth regularly rounded, slightly more than twice as

broad as second tooth, which is pale and rounded (PI. XXIX,
Fig. 21) OrtlioclaeUus sp. B (p. 531).

— Central pale portion of labium consisting of a very slightly rounded

and very broad tooth without indications of indentations though

not smooth apically 20

20. Sides of labium sloping verv decidedly backward (PI. XXIX, Fig.

17) Orflwcladins sp. E (p. 532).

— Sides of labium sloping but little backward (PI. XXIX, Fig. 13) .

.

Ortlwdaelius sp. A (p. 531).

21. Central tooth of labium very much longer and distinctly broader

than first lateral, first lateral not shorter than second 22

— Central tooth of labium not broader than fir.st lateral, first lateral

sometimes shorter than second 27

22. Labial teeth very acutely pointed (PI. XXIX, Fig. 3)

Biamesa ivaltlii (p. 410)

.



404

— Labial teeth not acutely pointed 23
23. Central tooth simple, regularly rounded 24
— Central tooth with a distinct shoulder (PI. XXIX, Fig. 19)

Tanytarsus exiguus (p. 495)

.

24. Sides of labium diverging slightly, the outline of labium almost
subtriangular 25

— Sides of labium diverging widely, anterior outline slightly con-

vex 26
25. First lateral tooth simple, regularly rounded Cricoiopus exilis.

—
• First lateral tooth fused with second so that latter appears to be a

mere shoulder to the first Ortlwcladius fugax.
26. Antennas remarkably elongated, their entire length rather more

than equal to that of head Tanytarsus dives (p. 488).
— Antennffi not exceptionally long, shorter than head

Tanytarsus sp. C (p. 531)

.

27. First lateral tooth distinctly shorter than second lateral and cen-

tral teeth CMronomus dorsalis.

— First lateral tooth not shorter than second 28

28. Second antennal joint with 2 slender processes, which have their

apices slightly enlarged, in addition to the normal continuation of

the antenna Tanytarsus exiguus (p. 495)

.

— Second antennal joint with only one auxiliary process, which is

sharp apically Tanytarsus dissimilis.

29. The bifid central tooth very short, flanked by a very broad portion

which occupies about half the remaining area of labium, and is

succeeded laterally by 4 or 5 short teeth; mandible very acutely

pointed ; apical jointed portion of antenna about a fourth as long

as basal joint Ortlwcladius flavus.

— The bifid central tooth long and distinct, no large untoothed area

on each side 30

30. Central tooth shorter than second (PI. XXIX, Fig. 6)

CMronomus fulviventris.

— Central tooth not distinctly shorter than second 31

31. The central 4 teeth of about equal size, the next one on each side

distinctly longer and very distinctly darker, the 6 together form-

ing a slightly concave anterior line, sides but slightly divergent

posteriorly ; basal hair remarkably long (PI. XXIX, Fig. 23);
antenna as in Figure 11, Plate XXX. .Genus incertus B (p. 533).

— Labium not as above 32

32. First lateral tooth very distinctly shorter than the central bifid

tooth and second lateral, or sometimes closely fused with the
former 33

— First lateral tooth not very short, generally distinctly longer than
second, the central tooth with a distinct shoulder in Ortlwcladius

nivoriundus 34



405

33. Antenna with 6 joints (PI. XXX, Fig. 4)

Genus incertus D (p. 533)

.

— Antenna with 5 joints Chironomus flavus (p. 474).

34. The four central teeth considerably paler than the lateral teeth,

rounded apically, the outline of the four together forming a eon-

vex line, first lateral tooth beyond these distinctly longer and

broader than the central pair 35

— Central pair of teeth much stronger than any other pair, or labial

teeth not as stated above 36

35. Third tooth from median line (first dark tooth) very distinctly pro-

jecting beyond the anterior transverse line of the second tooth. .

.

Mctriocnemus knabi.

— Tooth mentioned above not projecting farther forward than the an-

terior transverse line of the second tooth (PI. XXIX, Fig. 20) . .

.

OrtJwcladius sp. C (p. 531).

36. Central pair of teeth with a distinct shoulder, the second tooth

fused with first (PI. XXIX, Fig. 16)

Ortliocladins nivoriundiis (p. 525)

.

— Central pair of teeth without a distinct shoulder 37

37. Central pair of teeth nearly twice as broad as the next pair, the

latter longer than third pair. . .Metriocnemus hmdhecki (p. 498).

— Central pair of teeth not twice as broad as next pair, the latter

not longer than third pair CMrononms nigricans (p. 434).

The foregoing key is framed to include the previously described

North American larvae with the exception of those described but un-

identified, and is not intended to serve as a guide to the separation of

the species in the deconis group. There are several very closely al-

lied species in this group which it will be necessary to rear in consider-

able numbers, and any careful student with time to devote to the

work should find some interesting problems in dififerentiating the spe-

cies in the larval and pupal stages. The species of this group all have

red larvae with long respiratory organs on the sides of the eleventh seg-

ment, and probably there are in all more than half a dozen closely

allied species wdiich are mucli more readily separated in the imaginal

stage than in either the larval or pupal stages. But few reared speci-

mens of this group are available for study here, and therefore I make
at present no attempt to associate the species in their different stages.

The form of the labial plate has been used as a convenient means
of separating the species and is generally very constant in form in indi-

viduals of the same species. Occasionally, however, aberrant ex-

amples occur, possibly due to injury, and two of these are figured

herewith (Ph XXIX,' Fig. ii. and PI XXXVIII, Fig. lo).



Key to Pup^*

1. Thoracic respiratory organs ending in niamerous hairlike filaments
{CJiironomus) 2— Thoracic respiratory organs simple, the surfaces usually covered
with microscopic setulffi, or these organs entirely absent 20

2. Dorsal abdominal segments with flattened macelike appendage on
middle of posterior margin CMronomus lobiferus (p. 431).— Dorsal abdominal segments without this appendage 3

3. Very large species, 13 mm. or more in length

iCIiiroiionnis ferrugineoviitatus (p. 446).
CJiironomus tentans (p. 445).
Cliironomus pluviosus (p. 447).— Much smaller species, not more than 10 mm. in length 4

4. Dorsal abdominal segments with two large approximated, pear-
shaped patches of setulae (PI. XXXIX, Fig. 9) 5— Dorsal abdominal segments without such patches, the surface al-

most entirely covered with small setulffi 8

5. Apex of lateral margin of eighth abdominal segment without teeth

or projections CJiironomus tenuicaudatusf (p. 475).— Apex of lateral margin of eighth abdominal segment with distinct

teeth 6

6. The apical teeth projecting laterad CJiironomus dux.— The apical teeth projecting caudad 7

7. The apical lateral margin with a single strong, curved tooth

CJiironomus indistinctus (p. 477)

.

8. Apical lateral angle of eighth abdominal segment with one or two
large and strong spurs, or a distinct spur on lateral margin before

apex (C. fulvus?) 9— Apical lateral angle of eighth abdominal segment with either a
large broad process the surface of which has many distinct spines,

or with an apical comb of small spines or unspined 11

9. Dorsal abdominal segments with a few long hairs

CJiironomus fulvus? (p. 478)

.

— Dorsal abdominal segments with minute setffi 10

10. Thorn at apex of lateral margin of eighth abdominal segment sim-

ple CJiironomus tenellus.

— Thorn at apex of lateral margin of eighth abdominal segment bifid

CJiironomus sp. A (p. 529)

.

11. Dorsal abdominal segments without distinct transverse bands of

setulfef CJiironomtis decorus (p. 473).

*Species without page mimtier are not treated in text.

tUnder this heading will eome a number of closely allied species, including
crMatus, viridicollis, and several others, the paucity of my material preventing me
from arriving at a decision as to characters of use in their separation.



407

— Dorsal abdominal segments witli distinct transverse bands on some
of the segments in addition to the normal apical one on second
segment 12

12. Eighth segment without lateral apical process; all segments finely

honeycombed. (See PL XXI, Fig. 15, a) 13
— Eighth segment with distinct lateral apical process; segments not

honeycombed li

13. Head with 2 shoi't conical tubercles. C/uVonomus digitatus (p. 483).— Head with long, apically bifid processes (PI. XXX\T!II, Fig. 13) .

.

Chironomus sp. C (p. 530)

.

14. Segments 2-6 wijh distinct transverse band of setulse near base, the

remainder of disc with short setulse which are scarcely stronger

posteriorly Chironomus jynUiatus (p .442).— Segments 2-6 with 2 transverse bands of setulae, one near base and
the other near apex 15

15. Lateral apical process of eighth segment with 3 distinct spines . .

.

Chironomus fulviventris.
— Lateral apical process of eighth segment with more than 3 distinct

spines 16

16. Apical lateral angle of eighth segment with a transverse comb of

rather short spines 17
— Apical lateral angle of eighth segment produced into a spurlike

process which has many small spines 18

17. Anterior band on segments 2-6 narrow and distinct, posterior one
also narrow but less distinct than anterior one

Chironomus viridis (p. 449)

.

— Anterior band on segments 2 and 3 broad, the setulse much reduced
in size towards posterior margin of band, the band on segment 4
also broad and conspicuous, tapering laterally, the setul» much
reduced in size and very densely packed together posteriorly, seg-

ments 5 and 6 without a distinct band, the setulte on a large

rounded area from near base to beyond middle elongated and very
closely placed, tapering off in size posteriorly ; segments 3 and 4
with narrow band of rather weak setulte near posterior margin;
disc of segments 2-6 and anterior portions of 7 and 8 with weak
setulffi Pseudochironomus richardsoni* (p. 500).

18. Small species, 3.5 to 4 mm. in length. .Chironomus ftavus (p. 474).
— Larger species, over 6 mm. in length 19

19. Abdominal segments 2-6 each with 3 broad transverse bands of set-

ulffi, the median one broad, enclosing numerous small rounded
bare areas, the anterior and posterior bands narrow ; diseal hairs

inconspicuous Chironotnus flavicingula (p. 432).

•The thoracic respiratory organs are BOt distinguishable in my specimens. As-
suming that they are simple in structure, or even absent, the species will run down to

No. 30 in this key, when the descriptions in text will serve to separate the species.



408

— Abdominal segments 2-6 with two narrow bands of conspicuous
black setulse which are not distinctly separated from the other dis-

cal setulse, the anterior band consisting of only 2 or 3 rows of

setulae ; median area of segments covered with short setulse except
on several small round patches; each segment with about 10

rather noticeable long hairs near margins
Cliironomus nigricans (p. 434)

.

20. Apical abdominal appendages with long, regular fringe ; dorsal ab-

dominal segments usually with conspicuous spotlike groups of

setulse on disc (Tanytarsus) 21
— Apical abdominal appendages with either a few very long and con-

spicuous hairs or bare; or abdominal segments without spotlike

groups of setulse 26
21. Lateral margin of eighth abdominal segment with a simple apical

spur Tanyiarsus exiguus (p. 495)

.

— Lateral margin of eighth abdominal segment with several spines at

apex 22
22. Fourth dorsal abdominal segment with a single patch of black

spines near base ; no other strong setse present 23
— Fourth dorsal abdominal segment with 2 anterior patches and

other conspicuous setulse 24
23. Third abdominal segment with patch of black spines near base

Tanytarsus sp. A (p. 530)

.

— Third abdominal segment without patch of spines near base

Tanytarsus sp. B (p. 530)

.

24. Fourth abdominal segment with two patches of black spines near
base and a few scattered set® on surface

Tanytarsus dives (p. 488)

.

— Fourth abdominal segment with two longitudinal series of black

setse extending caudad of the patch near base 25
25. Third abdominal segment with two transverse patches of black

spines near posterior margin, which are almost connected at mid-
dle of segment Tanytarsus dissimilis.

— Third abdominal segments with two isolated, rounded patches of

black spines near posterior margin
Tanytarsus dissimilis "var. a" (Johannsen).

26. Thoracic respiratory organs indistinguishable 27
— Thoracic respiratory organs distinct 29

27. Abdominal dorsal segments 2-8 with posterior margins armed with

a transverse series of closely placed teeth, and a large patch of

smaller setulse occupying an area from base to beyond middle,

extending well towards lateral margins near base and tapering to

a point on median line posteriorly Metriocnemus knabi.

— Abdominal segments with or without posterior transverse row of

teeth but without conspicuous dorsal basal patch 28



409

28. Abdominal dorsal segments 2-8 with the posterior margins armed
with 10 to 12 short, stout, caudad-projecting teeth; ventral seg-

ments 3-8 with a similar series of 6 to 8

Diamesa waltlii (p. 410)

.

— Abdominal dorsal segments each with a transverse band of stout

black bristles, each band consisting of about 5 or 6 rows, located

near posterior margins Tlialassomyia obscura.

29. Abdominal segments each with a conspicuous band of strong spines

on their posterior margins 30
— Abdominal segments, with the exception of second, with at most

weak setulffi on posterior margins 31

30. Apical abdominal appendages each with 3 long and conspicuous

apical hairs ; thoracic respiratory organ thickest beyond middle .

.

Metriocnemus lundbecki (p. 498)

.

— Apical abdominal appendages each with two short and inconspicu-

ous hairs before apex Ortliocladius flavus.

31. Abdominal segments, except second, with dorsum nearly uniformly
covered with short setuls 32

— Abdominal segments with setulte on dorsum arranged in transverse

bands of various widths 34

32. Apex of eighth abdominal segment without long hairs laterally. .33

— Apex of eighth abdominal segment with two long hairs laterally

(PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 4) . .Ortliocladius nivoriundus, var.? (p. — ).

33. Seventh and eighth abdominal segments each with 4-5 long strap-

like hairs on lateral margins (PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 5)

Ortliocladius nivoritindiis* (p. 525)

.

— Seventh and eighth abdominal segments each with 1-2 weak
rounded hairs on lateral margins. . .Ortliocladius sp. D (p. 531).

34. Thoracic respiratory organs thickest at base, tapering to apex ; third

abdominal segment with the anterior half almost entirely covered

with weak setulae, the apical half with two bands of rather

stronger setulse, the preapieal band broadest
Cricotopus trifasciatus (p. 504)

.

— Thoracic respiratory organs not thickest, at base ; third abdominal
segment with a distinct and rather narrow transverse band of

setulae near middle 35

35. The band near middle consisting of two irregular rows of short

stout spines Ortliocladius sordidellusj

.

— The band near middle consisting of more than two rows of short

weak setulffi 36

*Johannsen has very briefly described the pupa of Cricotopus varipes. Apart
from the colors, which are black and yellow in varipes and fuscous in nivoriundus,

there are no distinctions mentioned.

tJohannsen subsequently indicated that his identification of this European spe-

cies was erroneous.



410

36. Small species, 2 mm. in length ; colors (of enclosed imago) black and
yellow Cricotopus exilis*.— Larger species, 2.5-3 mm. in length; color (of enclosed imago) fus-

cous green Ortliocladius fugax*.

DiAMESA Meigen

This genus may be distinguished from any other in ChironomiiKC

by the presence of the medio-cubital cross vein of the wing. From
the genera in Tanypince it may be distinguished by the 8-jointed an-

tennae of the female and also by the distinctly chironomine type of

larva.

One species has been found in Illinois, descriptions of all stages of

which are given herewith.

DiAMESA WALTEii Meigen

Diamesa waltlii Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Eur. Zwiefl. Ins., Vol. 7, 1838, p. 13, sp. 1.

Larva.—Length, 8-io mm. Pale green. Head brownish on pos-

terior margins and apices of mandibles. Mandibles with five teeth;

labium as in Figure 3, Plate XXIX, its apex very slightly darkened.

Thoracic and anal pseudopods present, the former with apical hairs,

the latter with distinct claws as in Chironomus; dorsal blood-gills four

in number ; anal blood-gills absent.

Pupa.—Length, 7-8 mm. Dark brown. Thoracic respiratory

organs very small. Segments 2-7 of abdomen with a transverse row
of about twelve small toothlike setulse on the posterior margin; apex

of abdomen with six distinct straplike filaments.

Imago; Male.—Black, slightly shining. Head and its members
black ; antenna! plumes dark brown. Thorax with distinct gray prui-

nescence, which is most conspicuous beween the vittse on mesonotum.
Abdomen with posterior margins of segments gray pruinescent. Legs
entirely fuscous. Wings slightly grayish, veins dark brown. Halteres

yellow.

Palpi long, 5-jointed, the basal joint, as usual, very short, the next

shorter than the third and fourth, apical joint longest. Hairs on
mesonotum confined to the areas between the vittse ; scutellum rather

densely haired ;
pronotum broad, continued almost to upper margin of

mesonotum, a distinct notch in its center. Hypopygium as in Figure

II, Plate XXIII. Legs slender; fore tibia one and a half times as

long as basal joint of fore tarsus; fourth tarsal joint of all legs

*I can find no structural characters mentioned in Johannsen's descriptions of

C. exilis and 0. fugax by means of which the species may be separated.



411

shorter than fifth; empodium as long as claws; claws simple. Wing
venation as in Figure i , Plate XXXV.

Female.—Agrees with the male in color, leg characters, and vena-

tion. Differs in having the antenna 8-jointed and short-haired.

Length, 3.5-5.5 mm.
_ _

Illinois localities : Illinois River at various points near Havana

—

larvae common; Urbana, April 2, 1889 (John Marten), imago (male)

—the only adult I have seen from this state.

Originally described from Europe and since recorded from New
York, Idaho, Washington State, and Greenland. I have seen speci-

mens from Plummer's Island, Md., April 28, 1907; from Denver,

Colo., December 2^, 1909, and from Montana. The last-mentioned

specimens were taken by Dr. C. C. Adams at the snow-line on the

mountains, where the females were ovipositing in the pools formed
close to the melting snow. Johannsen records the larvse as occurring

"among the algse on the surface of rocks over which the water flows

rapidly." The larvae in the collection here were taken when dredging

in the Illinois River.

Thalassomyia Schiner

This genus is separable from Orthocladius by the structure of the

tarsi, the fourth joint being distinctly shorter than the fifth and ob-

cordate. The type species of the genus, frauenfeldi Schiner, has

been found by Swainson "on Obelia zoophytes growing at the end of

St. Anne's pier." This record refers to the occurrence in sea water."*

Johannsen describes the larva, pupa, and imago of T. obsciira from
Ithaca, N. Y.

Thalassomyia obscura Johannsen

Thalassomyia oiscura Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 1903, p. 437.

Female.—Black, opaque. Head black, face and scape of antennae

yellow. Thorax black on disc, pronotum and a large spot on each

anterior lateral angle yellow, the spaces between vittfe paler than vitts.

pleurae mostly yellow, sternopleura and some smaller spots above it

brownish; scutellum brown. Basal two segments of abdomen yellow,

the others with indistinct pale posterior margins; venter yellow, in-

fuscated at apex. Legs black, fore coxae and trochanters and bases of

femora of all legs yellow. Wings clear, veins brown. Halteres yel-

low.

*"An Account of British Flies," by Theobald, p. 202



412

Antennje with 8 joints, the constriction between the joints not

deep. Pronotum continued rather broadly almost to the level of the
mesonotum, central division rather wedge shaped; pruinescence on
mesonotum white and conspicuous, especially on anterior lateral

angles; surface hairs sparse; scutellum convex. Fore tarsus with basal

joint about two thirds as long as tibia. Cubitus forking below cross

vein.

Length, 3-4.5 mm.
Illinois locality, Momence, July 17, 1914, at light (C. A. Hart).
I have not seen the male, which is described by johannsen. Two

females sent me by him, labeled Ithaca, N. Y., agree with the female

described here except that the colors are less sharply contrasted and
the basal joint of the fore tarsus is rather more than two thirds the

length of the tibia.

I have some doubt as to specific distinction between obscura and
platypus Coquillett, but only an examination of the type of the latter

could satisfactorily settle the point.

Thalassomyia fulva Johannsen

Thalassomyia fulva Johannsen, Bull. 124, N. Y. State Mus., 1908, p. 275.

Female.—Yellow, slightly shining. Head yellow ; last joint of an-

tennje and palpi fuscous. Mesonotum with three reddish vittae;

pleurse slightly reddish; posterior half of postnotum brownish. Legs
yellow, apices of tarsi slightly infuscated. Wings clear, veins yellow.

Halteres yellow.

Antenna short, basal 2 joints of flagellum with slight constriction

between them, the others distinctly moniliform. Pronotum broad, the

central emargination broad and shallow ; no pruinescence and very few
hairs on mesonotum. Legs slender but not very long; basal joint of

fore tarsus slightly more than half as long as tibia (24:40) ; fourth

tarsal joint very distinctly shorter than fifth but not obcordate. Cubi-

tus forking almost directly below cross vein.

Length, 2.5 mm.
Illinois locality, Dubois, April 24, 1914. Swept from vegetation

on bank of creek (J. R. Malloch).

Johannsen described fulva from Old Forge, N. Y. I have a slight

doubt as to the generic position of this species since the fourth tarsal

joint, though shorter than the fifth, is not obcordate. In other re-

spects the species closely resembles obscura structurally.

The early stages are undescribed.



CoRYNONEURA Winncftz

This genus of very small species is distinguished in the females

from other genera of the Chirouomiiuc by the absence of the anal

angle of the wing and the peculiar thickening of the veins and mem-
brane of the wing from the apex of the subcostal vein to the apex of

the third. The antennae of the male are 13-joinied, the flagellum

short-haired and consisting of 11 joints; the antennae of the female,

/-jointed.

ThieucmannicUa Kieffer differs from Corynoneura in having the

eyes pubescent.

Corynoneura celeripes Winnertz

Corynoneura celeripes 'Winnertz, Stett. Ent. Zcit., Vol. 1.3, 1S.52, p. 50, sp. 3.

Female.

Corynoneura atra Winnertz, ibid., sp. 4. Male.

This species is the only member of the genus recorded from
North America. The sexes differ considerably in color, the male
being much darker than the female, the mesonotum being velvety

black, while the female has the thorax almost entirely yellow, with
three brown or blackish vittse on the mesonotum and the scutellum

brown. Winnertz, misled by this color difference, described the sexes

as different species.

Length (of both sexes) generally slightly less than i mm.
Illinois localities: Havana, April 29, 1914 (J. R. Malloch), and

Algonquin, May 12, 1896 (W. A. Nason).
Originally described from Europe. Recorded subsequently from

Greenland by Lundbeck, and from Ithaca, N. Y., by Johannsen. I

have seen a female specimen taken at Lafayette, Ind., April 24, 1914,
by Professor Aldrich.

Corynoneura similis, n. sp.

Female.—Yellow, opaque. Mesonotum with the vittae dark
brown; postnotum paler brown. Dorsal surface of abdominal seg-

ments brown, with pale spots at the bases of the hairs. Legs yellow.

Wings clear, the thickened portions of the veins yellowish brown.
Halteres yellow, knob pale brown.

Structurally very similar to celeripes, the most noticeable differ-

ence being in the wing venation. In celeripes the cubitus forks very
distinctly beyond the apex of the third vein, whereas in similis it forks

appreciably before that point. The thickening of the veins is also

more abrupt in celeripes than in similis. The wing of the latter is



414

figured on Plate XXXV, Figure lo. The eyes are pubescent, a char-

acter which places this species in the subgenus Thieneinanniella

Kieffer.

Type locality, Havana, III, April 29, 1914 (J. R. Malloch).

Paratypes from Urbana, 111., May 25, 1914, at light (J. R. Malloch),

and from Brownsville, Tex., November 18, 191 1 (C. A. Hart).

I have made a balsam mount of a male which I consider belongs

to similis and find that it differs from the female in having 13 anten-

nal joints—not 1 1 as given by Kieffer.

In color the specimen differs from the female in being much
darker, the thorax having black vittse and the abdomen being almost

entirely black, with yellow hypopygium. The legs are yellow. The
wing veins are colorless.

The eyes are more distinctly pubescent than in the female. The
second joint of the palpi is produced apically on one side, the third

having the appearance of being inserted considerably before the apex

of second. The third vein is continued beyond the middle of the

wing, and the stigma-like swelling is absent.

Length, 1.25 mm.
Locality, Havana, III, April 30, 1914 (J. R. Malloch).

Chironomus Meigen

I have not adopted Kieffer's subdivisions of the genus Chironomus
in the present paper, but retain in the genus all those species that have

the wings bare and the basal joint of the fore tarsi longer than or sub-

equal to the fore tibiae. The only exception to the rule is in the case

of pseiidoviridis, which has the basal joint of the fore tarsi shorter

than the fore tibiae. This species and cequalis have the third vein end-

ing distinctly farther in front of the wing-apex than the fourth does

behind it—a character which seems to indicate an affinity with species

of Orthocladius. I hope at some future time to revise the genera of

North American Chironomincc—my present material is wholly in-

sufficient for the task—but for the purpose of this paper I consider

the present generic arrangement the most useful, and less likely to

create disorder than that of Kieffer. Were I to introduce his generic

names I could, from the printed descriptions of the species alone,

assign but a few of them to their respective positions in his scheme

of arrangement, and must leave a very large proportion of the species

in the genus Chironomus with a doubt. Until some one obtains most

of our species for study I consider it better to leave matters as they

are.



415

The larvae of the species of Chiro nonius present a great diversity

of structure, and, as far as I am aware, possess no characters by
which they may be readily separated generically from other Chiro-

nomincc. Ventral blood-gills on the eleventh segment can not be used
even as a subgeneric character, since ferrugineovittatns and phmwsus,
which have almost identical imagines, represent both types of larvae,

the latter possessing and the former lacking ventral blood-gills. I have

little hope that a better knowledge of the larval forms of this genus
will enable us to separate them into subgenera in agreement with the

subgeneric divisions proposed for the imagines by Kieffer. Biological

data are given in notes on viridicollis, species 39.

The pupae of such species as are known to me have the thoracic

respiratory organs ending in many threadlike filaments, and the apical

abdominal appendages usually broad, rounded apically, and fringed

with numerous flattened hairs.

I have figured the hypopygia of many species of Chironomits in

order to give an indication of the great variation in structure that

exists within the genus. Sometimes, as in the case of modestus and
temdcaudatns, species of very similar appearance have very different

hypopygia, while in other cases species with a very different general

appearance have hypopygia of very similar structure.

With the exception of flai'iclngida, the description of which is un-

mistakable, none of Walker's species have been identified by the

writer. Coquillett has recorded some of these species, and Johannsen
besides accepting these has recorded the occurrence of some others.

In view of the extreme brevity of Walker's descriptions and his use

of color characters alone, I consider it unwise to adept the hazardous

course of the writers mentioned, and prefer, Hke Verrall, in his list of

British species, to consider Walker's species as "unrecognizable" in

their present condition. Many of Walker's types are lost, some of

them probably destroyed, and in such cases the very inadequate de-

scriptions of the species should be entirely disregarded.

The key given herewith is, for convenience, divided into

"groups". These are largely artificial, and are not in any way in-

tended to indicate a generic or subgeneric division of the species.

I have included in the key those species that are recorded from
Illinois or represented in the collection of the State Laboratory of

Natural History.



416

Key to Species

GROUP A

Species with wings spotted or handed

1. Mesonotum glossy black, sometimes slightly brownish; fore tibise

blackish brown ; fore tarsi blackened from base of apical third of

basal joint to apex of tarsi; wings with an ill-defined dark cen-

tral blotch (PI. XXXV, Fig. 2) 1. bracMalis.
— Mesonotum and foi-e legs not colored as above; wing-markings

either in the form of spots or bands which are well defined 2

2. Wings each with about 11 dark spots located between the veins

2. varipennis.
— Wings either banded or with 3 or 4 dark spots 3

3. Wings each with 4 dark spots, one at cross vein, one at middle of

second posterior cell, one on posterior branch of cubitus, and one
in anal cell 3. octopunctatus.

— Wings either with 3 spots—^none in second posterior cell—or with
distinct fasciae 4

4. Wings with 3 dark spots, 2 beyond the cross vein (one in the sec-

ond posterior cell and the other in the fourth) , and one in the anal
cell, which is sometimes indistinct 5

— Wings with at least one complete fascia 6

5. Halteres yellow; spot in second posterior cell distinctly separated

from cross vein; spot in anal cell distinct (PI. XXXV, Fig. 3) .

.

4. needhami.
— Halteres blackened apically ; spot in second posterior cell touching

the veins forming base of cell ; all the spots very pale, the one in

anal cell indistinct 5. griseopunctaius.

6. Wings with the markings deep black, forming 2 broad fasciae, the

outer one before apex of wing and enclosing 2 small clear spots

(PI. XXXV, Fig. 4) ; apical third of fore femora thickened,

black, densely black-haired on blackened portion; basal three-

fifths of fore tibiae snow-white, apical two-fifths black, fore tarsi

white, a black band over bases and apices of basal 3 joints, apical

2 joints entirely blackened; basal joint twice as long as fore

tibias 6. perpulcher.
— Wing-markings grayish, outer fascia occupying apex of wing, with

out clear spots; legs without sharply contrasted colors, generally

yellow with brownish markings 7

7. Fascia at apex of wing faint and very narrow, the one at middle
very broad, extending as far beyond cross vein as the distance

from its outer margin, in second posterior cell, to apex of wing. .

.

7. pulcliripennis.

— Fascia at apex of wing broader than the one at middle 8



417

Fore femora mostly brown, fore and hind tibia entirely so (female)

or brown at bases and apices (male) 8. nepliopterus.

Fore femora at apices, fore and hind tibiie at bases, and the latter

at apices brown 9. taniiapennis.

GROUP

B

Wings witJiout spots or hands, at most witJi

the cross vein infuscated

Section I

Abdominal segments in botJi sexes witJi

depression on dorsal surface

The only species in tliis section has a distinct depression on basal

half of dorsal segments 2 to 7 in both sexes which is slightly

dilated posteriorly except on 6 and 7, where it is more elongated

and parallel-sided 10. lohiferus.

Section II

Abdominal segments witlwut dorsal depression

Subsection 1

Fore tarsi ivitli tlie basal joint not more
tlian 1.5 as long as fore tibia-

Femora dark bro^vn, the mid and hind pairs each with preapieal

yellow band 2

Femora either unieolorous black, yellow, or yellow with apices dark-

ened, never with pale preapieal band 3

Fore femora with preapieal yellow band; hind tibiae with central

brown band in addition to the brown on bases and apices; male

fore tarsi with long hairs, the basal joint slightly longer than fore

tibia; 11. flavicingula.

Fore femora without preapieal yellow band ; hind 1 ibis without cen-

tral brown band; male fore tarsi without long hairs, basal joint

more than a third longer than fore tibise 12. devinctus.

Black species; thorax entirely black or blackish broAvn, with or

without distinct shining vittse; abdomen rarely yellow 4

Thorax with the ground color yellow or green ; abdomen variable in

color but never entirely black 27

Males 5

Females 17

Thorax deep black ; at least the basal half of abdomen pale green or

whitish 6



418

Thorax deep black, not contrasting sharply with base of abdomen,
the latter with the segments at least partly black or brown 8

Legs yellow, without black markings ; fore tarsi with long hairs,

basal joint about a fifth longer than fore tibiae 13. nigricans.

Legs whitish, fore femora, except the bases and apices, black ; fore

tarsi without long hairs 7

Basal joint of fore tarsi rarely 1.5 times as long as fore tibise

(57 : 38) ; fore and mid coxfe and basal two-thirds of fore femora

black, remainder of legs whitish yellow 14. fallax.

Basal joint of fore tarsi about one fifth longer than fore tibiae

(78 : 66) ; mid and hind coxa browned, apical half of fore femora,

the extreme apices of mid and hind femora, bases and apices of

all tibiffi, and apices of tarsal joints blackened, remainder of legs

whitish yellow 15. pedellus.

Fore tarsi with long hairs on their posterior surfaces, the length of

which greatly exceeds the diameter of the joints which bear

them 9

Fore tarsi without long hairs 13

Basal joint of fore tarsi not more than a sixth longer than fore

tibiae 10

Basal joint of fore tarsi at least a fourth longer than fore tibiae. .12

Second joint of fore tarsi shorter than third 16. barbipes.

Second joint of fore tarsi longer than third 11

Legs yellow; basal joint of fore tarsi very slightly longer than fore

tibiae (75:70); hypopygium similar to that of decorus (PI.

XXXIII, Fig. 11) 17. quadripunctatus.

Legs fuscous; basal joint of fore tarsi about a seventh longer than

fore tibiae (80: 70) ; hypopygium as in Figure 6, Plate XXXVIII
18. titahensis.

Basal joint of fore tarsi more than a third longer than fore tibiae

(92 : 68) ; large species, average length 7.5 mm. ; hypopygium as in

decorus (PI. XXXIII, Fig. 11) 19. fasciventris.

Basal joint of fore tarsi a fourth longer than fore tibiae (45 : 36) ;

small species, average length 5 mm. ; hypopygium as in Figure 4,

Plate XXXVI 20. claripennis.

Thorax glossy black or blackish brown, without or with only slight

pruinescence between the vittae 14

Thorax with dense pruinescence between the vittae, sometimes the

entire surface densely pruinescent, or mesonotum opaque 15

Halteres black; basal joint of fore tarsi a fifth longer than fore

tibiae (24: 20) ; hypopygium as in Figure 10, Plate XXXIII
21. nigroJialteralis.

Halteres yellow; basal joint of fore tarsi barely longer than fore

tibiffi (24: 23) ; hypopygium as in Figure 15, Plate XXXIII. . . .

.

22. subcequalis.



419

15. Thorax and abdomen entirely black, the former covered with dense
pruinescence ; basal joint of fore tarsi slightly longer than fore

tibiffi (50 : 45) ; hypopygium as in Figure 16, Plate XXXIII
23. basalis.

— Thorax or abdomen with reddish or yellowish marks; basal joint of

fore tarsi much longer than fore tibife 16

16. Thorax with the central vitta and generally the anterior half of the

lateral pair reddish, contrasting sharply with the velvety black
ground-color of thorax; abdomen entirely velvety black

24. palliatus.— Thorax black, vittse concolorous; abdomen with yellow post-

marginal bands to segments 25. riparius.

IT. Legs except the coxa? entirely yellow, without any black markings
except the usual black apical comb on mid and hind tibia 18

— Legs not entirely yellow except the coxa 19

18. Thorax glossy black; mid and hind coxae blackened; basal joint of

fore tarsi one fifth longer than fore tibiae (72: 60) . .13. nigricans.
— Thorax opaque black, whitish pruinescence between the vitts; mid

and hind coxaj slightly browned; basal joint of fore tai'si one fifth

longer than fore tibite (75 : 60) 40. dimorplius.

19. Legs pale yellow, fore femora except the bases and apices black. . .

.

14. fallax.— Legs with more than fore femora black or fuscous 20
20. Second joint of fore tarsi shorter than third 16. barbipes.

— Second joint of fore tarsi longer than third 21
21. Thorax black ; abdomen pale yellowish or greenish with the apical

3 segments black or brown 15. pedellus.— Thorax black; abdomen either entirely black or with pale posterior

margins to the segments 22
22. Abdomen without noticeable pale posterior margins to segments. 23— Abdomen with conspicuous pale posterior margins to segments. .25

23. Thorax glossy black ; halteres black ; small species, 2 mm. in length

21. nigroJialteralis.

— Thorax opaque black ; halteres yellow ; larger species, at least 3 mm.
in length 24

24. Thorax densely covered with gray pruinescence; legs black; abdo-
men subshining, black 23. basalis.

— Thorax with slight whitish pruinescence; legs mostly pale yellow,

femora and tibiae usually slightly browned; abdomen opaque
black 24. palliatus.

25. Basal joint of fore tarsi one half longer than fore tibias

25. riparius.

— Basal joint of fore tarsi less than one half longer than fore
tibiffi 26

26. Large species, 7 mm. in length, or more; basal joint of fore tarsi

more than a third longer than fore tibiae 19. fasciventris.



420

— Smaller species, 5 mm. in length; basal joint of fore tarsi about a
fourth longer than fore tibiae 20. claripennis.

27. Large species, considerably more than 9 mm. in length 28
— Smaller species, at most 8 mm. in length 30
28. Fore tarsi of male without long hairs; mesonotum opaque, pale

green, with deep black vittffi in both sexes, their surfaces slightly-

shining; hypopygium stout (PI. XXXIII, Pig. 1) ... .26. tentans.

— Fore tarsi of male with long hairs on posterior surface ; mesonotum
opaque yellowish green, with gray or ferruginous vittES 29

29. Mesonotum of male with ferruginous vittas; hypopygium as in

Figure 4, Plate XXXIII ; fore legs of female with long hairs

which exceed in length the diameter of the joints which bear
them 27. ferrugineoviitatus.

— Mesonotum of both sexes with gray vittae ; apical portion of lateral

arm of hypopygium as in Figure 17, Plate XXXIV ; fore legs of

female with the hairs shorter than the diameter of the joints

which bear them 28. plumosus.

30. Males 31
— Females 43
31. Fore tarsi with long hairs 32
— Fore tarsi without long hairs 37

32. Basal joint of fore tarsi not more than a tenth longer than fore

tibias 33
— Basal joint of fore tarsi more than a tenth longer than fore

tibia? 34
33. Basal joint of fore tarsi slightly longer than fore tibiae; third vein

ending as far in front of apex of wing as fourth does behind it

;

hypopygium as in Figure 3, Plate XXXIII 29. viridis.

— Basal joint of fore tarsi slightly shorter than fore tibias; third vein

ending distinctly farther from apex of wing than fourth does;

hypopygiiun as in Figure 2, Plate XXXIII. . . .30. pseudoviridis.

34. Basal joint of fore tarsi at most slightly more than a third longer

than fore tibiae ; hypopygium with superior and inferior processes

well developed 36
— Basal joint of fore tarsi nearly one half longer than fore tibias;

hypopygium with superior and inferior processes very short ... 35

35. Apices of fore tibis and of basal joint of fore tarsi narrowly

browned ; hypopygium as in Figure 18, Plate XXXIV
31. dbireviatus.

— Apices of fore tibiae and of basal joint of fore tarsi conspicuously

and broadly blackened; hypopygium as in Figure 6, Plate

XXXIII .

.'

32. frequens.

36. Basal joint of fore tarsi slightly more than a third longer than fore

tibiae (85: 63) ; hypopygium identical with that of ferrugineovii-

tatus (PI. XXXIII, Fig. 4) 33. stigmaterus.



421

— Basal joint of fore tarsi slightly less than a fourth longer than fore

tibiae (98:80); hypopygium with latei'al arms very stout (PI.

XXXIII, Fig. 13) 34. crassicaudatus.

37. Apiees of femora and bases of tibiae of all legs blackened 38
— Apices of femora not blackened 39
38. Pale yellowish green species ; mesonotum with reddish yellow vitta

;

postnotum almost black, very conspicuous ; abdf.men entirely pale
green 35. paUidus.

— Eeddish yellow species; mesonotum with reddish vitt»; postnotum
brown, not conspicuously darker than other parts of thorax ; ab-

domen yellow on basal half, blackened on apical half

36. aherrans.

39. Small species, about 2.5 mm. in length ; third vein ending distinctly

farther in front of apex of wing than fourth does behind it : hypo-
pygium as in Figure 2, Plate XXXIV 37. nigrovittatus*.

— Larger species, more than 3.5 mm. in length ; third vein ending as

near to apex of wing as docs fourth 40
40. Mesonotum with glossy black or blackish brown vittffi ; legs yellow-

ish green, fore tibiae, the entire fore tarsi, and the mid and hind
tarsi with the exception of basal half of the first joint dark
bi'own 39. viridicolUs.

— Mesonotum with opaque or subopaque reddish or yellowish vittae

;

legs almost entirely yellow or with apices of tibife and of tarsal

joints blackened 41

41. Basal joint of fore tarsi about a fifth longer than fore tibife

(60 : 50) ; hypopygium as in Figure 11, Plate XXXIV
40. dimorplius.

— Basal joint of fore tarsi more than a third longer than fore

tibiae 42
42. Green species; apices of tibife and of basal 2 tarsal joints and the

whole of apical 3 tarsal joints blackened
;
proportions of basal

joint of fore tarsi and fore tibiae 50, 35 ; hypopygium as in Figure
9, Plate XXXIV '....'... .41. ahoriivust

— Yellowish species with fuscous abdomen ; legs entirely pale yellow

;

proportions of basal joint of fore tarsi and fore tibiae, 65, 45

;

hypopygium as in Figure 1, Plate XXXVI 42. fusciventris.

43. Third vein ends distinctly farther in front of apex of wing than
fourth does behind it 44

— Third vein ends about the same distance in front of apex of wing
as foui'th does behind it 46

44. Basal joint of fore tarsi shorter than fore tibise. . .30. pseudoviridis.
— Basal joint of fore tarsi distinctly longer than fore tibiae 45

*The specimens -nhich I describe as females of nigrovittatus have the basal
joint of the fore tarsi 1.5 as long as the fore tibiie, or rather more than that, and may
not belong to that species, having been taken in a different locality.

tCf. 59, panilameUatus.



422

45. Basal joint of fore tarsi about 1.5 as long as fore tibiae

37. nigrovittatus.

— Basal joint of fore tarsi about 1.10 as long as fore tibiiE. . .38. liarti.

46. Apices of femora and bases of tibiae conspicuously blackened or

browned 47
— Apices of at least mid and hind femora and bases of corresponding

tibiae yellow 48

47. Basal 2 segments of abdomen yellow, the others fuscous

36. aberrans.

— Abdomen entirely yellowish or greenish 35. pallidus.

48. Basal joint of fore tarsi about a sixth longer than fore tibiee

29. viridis.

— Basal joint of fore tarsi distinctly more than a third longer than

fore tibiae 49

49. Mesonotum with glossy black or blackish brown vittse; fore tibia

and tarsi brown 39. viridicollis.

— Mesonotum with pale yellowish or reddish vittte 50

50. Fore legs yellow, apices of joints of tarsi brownish
33. stigmaterus.

— Fore legs whitish green, apices of tibiae, of basal 2 joints of tarsi,

and the apical 3 joints of latter blackened 51

51. The greater portion of apical half of fore tibia and the entire ap-

ical third of basal joint of fore tarsi blackened 32. frequens.

— Apex of fore tibiae with a narrow black ring ; apical sixth of basal

joint of fore tarsi blackened 41. abortivus.

Subsection 2

Fore tarsi witli basal joint distinctly more
than 1.5 as long as fore tibia

1. Thorax and abdomen black, blackish gray, or brown, abdomen with

or without pale posterior margins to segments 2

— Thorax and abdomen green or yellow, the thorax with or without

reddish or blackish vittas 10

2. Males 3

— Females ^

3. Fore tarsi without long hairs on their posterior surfaces ; legs en-

tirely yellow ; mesonotum shining black 4

— Fore tarsi with long hairs on their posterior surfaces ; legs brown-

ish or partly fuscous ; mesonotum gray pruinescent 6

4. Large species, more than 4 mm. in length ; abdomen with pale pos-

terior margins to segments 43. fuscicornis.

— Small species, 2.5 mm. in length .5

5. Abdomen entirely black; fore tibia yellow 44. lialteralis.

— Abdomen yellowish on basal 2 segments ; fore tibia blackened

45. nitidellus.



423

6. Wings vitreous, veins almost colorless ; third and fourth veins dis-

tinctly divergent towards apices, the former ending appreciably
farther in front of apex of wing than fourth does behind it (PL
XXXIX Fig. 15) 46. griseus.

— Wings slightly grayish, veins yellowish brown; third vein bent
downward as it nears apex of wing, ending at about the same dis-

tance from apex of wing as fourth does 47. maturus.

7. Large species, averaging more than 4 mm. in length ; abdominal seg-

ments with pale posterior margins 9

— Small species, averaging 2.5 mm. in length 8

8. Abdomen entirely black, foi-e tibise j'ellow 44. halteralis.

— Abdomen yellowish on basal 2 segments ; fore tibiae blackened
45. nitidellus.

9. Thorax glossy black; halteres black apically 43. fuscicornis.

— Thorax subopaque, distinctly gray pruinescent ; halteres yellow . .

.

47. maturus.

10. Mesonotum with reddish vittffi, a conspicuous black or brown mark
on center of anterior half of median vitta 11

— Mesonotum with the median vitta unicolorous, black or reddish . . 12

11. Bright green species ; the black mark on median vitta linear ; lateral

vittse unicolorous reddish 48. festivus.

— Reddish yelloAv species ; the dark mark on median vitta in the form
of a wedge, its apex directed caudad; lateral vitts brown on
outer margins, shading gradually into red on inner margins

49. dorneri.

12. Males 13
— Females 28

13. Apices of abdominal segments narrowly black or brown 14
— Apices of abdominal segments not narrowly darkened 15

14. Large species, averaging 8 mm. in length ; fore tarsi with very long
hairs on posterior surface from middle of first to apex of fourth

joint; hypopygium as in Figure 14, Plate XXXIII . . .48. festivus.

— Small species, not more than 3.5 mm. in length ; hairs on fore tarsi

rather short, those on third joint longest; hypopygium as in Fig-

ure 1, Plate XXXIV 50. illinoensis.

15. Alxlominal segments each with a brown fascia at middle, rarely

reaching to base of segments
;
plumes of antennae bicolored, form-

ing a broad brown ring at bases and another, narrower one, be-

yond middle, the rings separated by a narrow whitish band, apical

portion whitish; hypopygium as in Figure 11, Plate XXXIII. . .

.

51. decorus.

— Abdomen without median fasciae on segments; plumes of antenna
rarely forming colored annuli 16

16. Second joint of fore tarsi longer than fore tibiae 17
— Second joint of fore tarsi shorter than fore tibise 18



424

17. Pale yellow species; legs entirely yellow; hypoygium with supe-

rior and inferior processes well developed (PI. XXXIV, Fig. 14)
52. flaviis.

— Pale yellowish green species ; fore tibia and tarsi and apices of mid
and hind tarsi brownish ; superior process not distinguishable, in-

ferior process poorly developed (PI. XL, Fig. 2)

53. curtilamellatus.

18. Hypopygium very slender, with only one pair of processes in addi-

tion to the lateral arms, Figure 12, Plate XXXIII
54. tenuicaudatus.

— Hypopygium not slender, usually with 2 pairs of processes in addi-

tion to the lateral arms, or if with only 1 pair, these are very
short 19

19. Inferior hypopygial process furcate apically 20
— Inferior hypopygial process simple apically 22
20. Thorax brownish, opaque, covered with dense gray pruinescence,

vittffi blackish ; abdomen dark green or fuscous ; hypopygium with
the superior process dilated apically 55. neomodestus.

— Thorax bright green or yellowish green, very slightly pruinescent,

vittffi reddish 21

21. Hypopygium with the superior process much dilated apically, each

branch of the inferior process terminating in a sharp point (PI.

XXXIV, Fig. 8) 56. modestus.
— Hypopygium with the superior process not dilated apically, each

branch of the infei'ior process terminating in a rounded point

(PI. XXXIV, Figs. 6, 7) 57. indistincius.

22. Hypopygium with superior and inferior processes very short. . . .23

— Hypopygium with superior and inferior processes well de-

veloped 24
23. Yellow species, thoracic vittte I'cddish, abdomen pale greenish,

somewhat blackened apically, basal joint of fore tarsi about 1.75

times as long as fore tibise 58. fulvus.
— Green species, thoracic vittffi dark brown, abdomen dark green, suf-

fused with fuscous ; basal joint of fore tarsi slightly more than 1.5

times as long as fore tibiae 59. parvilamellatus.

24. Bright green species, abdomen unicolorous green; hypopygium as

in Figure 5, Plate XXXIV 60. obscuratus.
— Yellow or yellowish green species; abdomen with brown bands on

segments 25

25. Fore tarsi with long hairs ; hypopygium as in Figure 1, Plate XL .

.

61. incognitus.

— Fore tarsi without long hairs 26

26. Small species, 3-4 mm. in length 62. similin*.

— Larger species, more than 5 mm. in length 27

*The male of this species is not known to the writer.



425

27. Basal joint of fore tarsi about one half longer than fore tibise

63. cristatus.

— Basal joint of fore tarsi about four fifths longer than fore tibiffi. . .

.

64. serus.

28. Basal joint of fore tarsi nearly twice as long as fore tibise (57: 29
and 102 : 55) ; mesonotum opaque 29

— Basal joint of fore tarsi at most 1.75 times as long as fore tibis;

mesonotum generally distinctly shining 30

29. Thorax pale green, vittffi reddish, the spaces between the latter

densely covered with whitish pruinescence ; abdomen entirely

green
;
proportions of basal joint of fore tarsi and fore tibije, 57,

29 65. alboviridis.

— Thorax greenish yellow, vittse deep brown, the spaces between the

latter slightly pruineseent ; abdomen brown, posterior margins of

segments conspicuously yellow; proportions of basal joint of fore

tarsi and fore tibiae, 102, 55 64. serus.

30. Second joint of fore tarsi longer than fore tibiae 31
— Second joint of fore tarsi not longer than fore tibiae 32

31. Pale j'ellow species ; mesonotum not vittate 52. flavus.

— Green or greenish yellow species ; mesonotum with the lateral vittffi

darker than median vitta 50. illinoensis.

32. Cross vein of wing infuseated 33
— Cross vein of wing not infuseated 34

33. Cross vein veiy conspicuously infuscated ; frontal tubercles distinct

51. deconis.

— Cross vein slightly infuscated ; frontal tubercles indistinguishable

66. digitatus.

34. Abdomen brown, posterior margins of segments yellowish ; meso-

notum with opaque brown vittae 62. similis.

— Abdomen green or yellow ; mesonotum with shining reddish or yel-

lowish vittffi, or not vittate 35

35. Deep j-ellow species ; abdomen sometimes greenish 58. fidvus.

— Green species; thorax sometimes yellowish; abdomen always

green 36

36. Cubitus forking very distinctly beyond cross vein. . .60. oiscuratus.

— Cubitus forking very slightly beyond cross vein

54. tenuicaudatus.

56. modestus.

57. indistinctus.



GROVP A

Species ivitJi wings spotted or banded

I. Chironomus brachiaus Coquillett

Chironomus brachialis Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 607.

Male.—Head entirely yellow. Thorax glossy black, the areas be-

tween those generally occupied by the vittae in other species usually

brown, scutellum and lower portions of pleurae sometimes brownish;

postnotum black. Abdomen yellow, dorsum of second segment black-

ened, narrowly at base, the black becoming broader posteriorly and
extending laterally in the form of a narrow postmarginal band, bases

of all but the apical two segments narrowly black, the last two and the

hypopygium entirely black. Legs yellow, fore legs from before apices

of femora, with the exception of basal two-thirds of metatarsi, black-

ened, as also the extreme apices of femora, bases and apices of tibise,

and apices of tarsal joints of other legs. Wings as in Figure 2, Plate

XXXV. Halteres yellow. Antennal plumes yellow ; all surface hairs

on body and legs yellow.

Antennae with basal joint globose, entire length not exceeding that

of head and thorax together. Discal hairs on mesonotum soft and

inconspicuous, those on scutellum rather numerous but soft. Hypo-
pygium as in Figure 8, Plate XXXHI. Fore tibia subequal in length

to fore femur; basal joint of fore tarsus about one and a third times

as long as fore tibia, its apical half and the whole of second joint with

long soft hairs on posterior surfaces ; mid and hind legs with the sur-

face hairs barely as long as diameter of joints on which they are situ-

ated.

Female.—Similar in coloration to the male except that the thorax

is usually entirely black. The fore legs are entirely black with the ex-

ception of the basal four fifths of the femora.

Antenna not over half as long as head and thorax combined, the

hairs as long as apical joint. Fore tarsus without the long hairs; sur-

face hairs on legs much shorter than diameter of the joints which

bear them.

Length, 5-6.5 mm.
Illinois locality, Havana, September. Three males and one female.

Originally described from Westville, N. J., and also recorded from

Ithaca, N. Y. (Johannsen).

The early stages are undescribed.



2. Chironomus varipEnnis Coqiiillett

Chiroiwniiis varipennis Coquillett, Proe. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 25, p. 94.

Male.—Opaque brownish black. Antennae yellowish, plumes con-

colorous. Thorax with distinct silvery pruinescence except at bases

of the discal hairs on mesonotum, on the anterior extremity of the

submedian line, and on the lower portions of pleurae. Abdomen
blackish brown except a subtriangular patch on middle of posterior

margin of each segment, which is paler and covered with silvery prui-

nescence. Legs brownish; femora with a yellowish ring near apices,

and tibiae at middle and bases of all tarsal joints except the last yellow-

ish. Wings as in Figure 7, Plate XXXV. Halteres yellow.

Antenna longer than head and thorax together, the plumes long

and carried well toward apex. Thoracic hairs not conspicuous.

(Abdomen and legs broken.)

Fcutalc.—Slightly darker in color than the male, but similarly

marked.

Antenna shorter than thorax to apex of scutellum, the surface

hairs much longer than apical joint. Mesonotum with the surface

hairs stronger than in male. Hairs on abdomen as long as the seg-

ments on which they are situated. Fore tarsus much elongated, the

basal joint twice as long as the tibia ; mid and hind legs with moder-

ately long surface hairs.

Length, 2.5-3 mm.
Illinois locality, Urbana, May 6, 1890. One male and two

females in an aquarium (C. A. Hart).

Originally described from Las Vegas Hot Springs, N. M.
Early stages undescribed.

3. Chironomus octopunctatus Loew

Chironomus octopunctatus Loew, Wien Ent. Monatschr., Vol. 5, 1861, p. 33.

This species is very closely allied to griseopunctatus, described on

a later page. It is separable by the difference in the wing-markings.

The spot in the middle of the second posterior cell is absent in griseo-

punctatus, while the large spot on posterior branch of cubitus in that

species is very much reduced in octopunctatus, and the spot in the anal

cell of the latter is as distinct as are the other spots.

Length, 1.5 mm.
Illinois locality, LTrbana, October 5 and 9, 19 14, at light (C. A.

HartandJ. R. Malloch).



423

This species was originally described from Cuba by Loew. It has

not subsequently been recorded as far as I am aware.

4. Chironomus needhami Johannsen

Chironomus needhami Johannsen, Bull. 124, N. Y. State Mus., 1908, p. 278.

Chironomus scalcFnus Johanuseu (nee Schrank), Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 1905,

p. 201.

This Species bears a close resemblance to scalccmis Schrank, but

according to Johannsen's description differs particularly in the com-
parative proportions of the fore tibia and basal joint of fore tarsus.

The European form is said to have the basal joint of the fore tarsi

twice as long as the fore tibise, whereas ueedhami has it but one and
three fourths as long. A female submitted as needliami by Professor

Johannsen has, I find upon measurement under a high magnification,

the proportions 25: 13. The density of the color between the two
spots beyond wing-middle is variable; in some speciments it is almost

wanting, while in others it is very distinct, forming with the spots an

almost complete fascia (PI. XXXV, Fig. 3).

I have not seen any European examples of scalcenns, and follow

Johannsen as indicated above.

Illinois localities: Havana, April 23, 1896 (C. A. Hart) ; Urbana,

July 21, 1890, at light in woods (Hart and Shiga) ; same locality, at

lighted store windows, September 15 and October 6, 1914 (C. A. Hart
and J. R. Malloch) ; Momence, July 17, 1914, at light (C. A. Hart) ;

Monticello, June 28. 19 14 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Originally described as scalccmts by Johannsen from specimens ob-

tained at Ithaca, N. Y., and from Washington State. Subsequently,

records for Indiana and Kansas were added by Johannsen. The spe-

cies recorded as scalccmis from New Hampshire is very probably

needhami. Mr. Hart took the species at light at Niles, Mich., July 13,

1914.

The early stages are undescribed.

5. Chironomus griseopunctatus, n. sp.

Female.—Brown, opaque. Head obscurely yellowish, antennae

brownish yellow. Mesonotum with three deep brown vittse, the

median one divided by a whitish gray pruinescent stripe, the spaces

between the median and lateral vittse similarly pruinescent ; scutellum

and postnotum brown. Abdomen almost black, with indistinct pale

margins to segments or unicolorous. Legs yellow, coxae, bases of

femora, and apices of tarsi brownish. Wings clear, a pale gray spot



in base of second posterior cell, touching the cross vein and the pos-

terior side of third vein, and carried as a more or less distinct sulifu-

sion into the third posterior cell ; the spot in fork of cubitus carried

over into anal cell in the area between the base and apex of posterior

branch of cubitus ; spot in anal cell almost indistinguishable. Halteres

yellow, knob almost entirely blackened.

The basal joint of fore tarsi is twice as long as fore tibiee (30 :

15). Otherwise as needhami.

Length, 1.5 mm.
Type locality, Momence, 111., July 17, 1914, at light (C. A. Hart).

Paratype from Plummer's Island, Md., August 17, 19 12 (W. L. Mc-
Atee) ; in collection of the U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey.

6. Chironomus perpulcher Mitchell

Chironomns perpulcher Mitchell, Jour. N. T. Ent. Soc, 1908, A'ol. 16, p. 13.

This species is readily distinguished from any other described

American species of this genus by the wing-markings (see PI. XXXV,
Fig. 4)-

_

Illinois localities: Mt. Carmel, June 30, 1906, St. Joseph, June 9,

19 1 2, and Monticello, June 21-30, 1914; Urbana, Julv 7, 19 14 (C. A.
Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Originally described from examples taken at Plummer's Island,

Md., in August. I have seen specimens taken at Lafayette, Ind., in

June and August (4th) by Professor Aldrich.

The early stages are undescribed.

7. Chironomus pulchripennis Coquillett

Chironomus pulchripennis Coquillett, Proe. II. S. Nat. Mus., 1902, A'ol. 2.5, p. 94.

This species is very closely allied to tccniapennis, but the wing-

markings serve to separate them most readily. ( See PI. XXXV, Fig.

5.) Johannsen says: "seems to be a synonym of tceniapennis Coq.,"

but I regard the species as distinct.

Represented in the collection here by a single female from Algon-

quin, August 31, 1894 (Nason).

Originally descrilDcd from Franconia, N. H.
The early stages are undescribed.

8. Chironomus nephopterus Mitchell

Chironomus nephopterus Mitchell, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 1908, Vol. 16, p. 7.

The wing-markings of this species and those of tccniapennis are

almost identical. The characters given in the synoptic key herewith



430

must be depended upon for the separation of the species, which are
very closely allied.

Illinois localities: Urbana, August 17, 1892, at light; White
Heath, May 18, 1889; Champaign, August 3, 1889, at electric light;

Carbondale, April 23, 19 14, swept from vegetation along side of
stream; Muncie, July 5, and Monticello, June 21 and 28, all in 1914
(C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Originally described from specimens taken at Cabin John, Md.,
June 3. I have seen specimens from Polk County, Wis. (Baker),
and Lafayette, Ind. (Aldrich).

Early stages undescribed.

9. Chironomus t^niapennis Coquillett

CMronomus twniapennis Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1901, Vol. 23, p. 607.

Wing-markings as in Figure 6, Plate XXXV. Palpus as in Figure
II, Plate XXXII.

There are two specimens in the collection here, which were taken
at Algonquin, III, by Dr. W. A. Nason.

The type series came from Massachusetts and New Jersey, and
the species has been recorded from Illinois, New York, South Dakota,
and Pennsylvania.

Early stages undescribed.

GROUP B

Wings zvithout spots or bands, at most zvith

the cross vein infiiscated

Section I

Abdominal segments in hotJi sexes with
depression on dorsal surface

10. Chironomus lobiferus Say

Chironomus lohiferus Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. 3, 1823, p. 12, sp. 1.

Chironomus loiifer Wiedemann, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1, 1828, p. 16,

sp. 14.

Larva.—Length, 13-15 mm. Red. Head brown, eye spots

divided ; labium as in Figures 7 and 8, Plate XXIX ; mandibles nor-

mal in form. Dorsal blood-gills four in number, rather short, ventral

blood-gills rudimentary, two in number, situated high on side of

eleventh segment.



431

Pupa.—Length, 8-9 mm. Dark brown. Frons without tubercles.

Thoracic respiratory organs hairiike, of the usual chironomid type.

Second abdominal segment with the normal apical transverse series

of setula;, the other segments without distinct setulse; segments 2-6
with a macelike flattened process lying close to dorsum, which appar-

ently projects from the apex of the preceding segment and is armed
apically with spines (see PI. XXXI, Fig. 2) ; apical lateral comb of

eighth segment very short, consisting of about seven teeth ; apical ap-

pendage with the normal fringe.

Imago; Male.—Brownish black. Head and its members black,

antennal plumes dark brown. Thorax covered with grayish prui-

nescence, the black vittte less densely covered than the spaces between.

Abdomen black, posterior half of each segment with a large gray pru-

inose spot on each side, the spots meeting in center posteriorly. Legs
yellow, apices of femora and bases of tibise generally distinctly brown-
ish, apices of tibije and of tarsal joints narrowly brown. Wings
slightly grayish, veins brown, cross vein slightly infuscated. Halteres

yellow.

Pronotum broad, nearly equal in width to apex when viewed from
side, not extending to upper margin of mesonotum. Abdominal seg-

ments with bare depressions on the areas, corresponding to those of

pupa, which underlie the macelike projections ; segments 6 and 7
slightly broader and shorter than 5 ; hypopygium as in Figure 9, Plate

XXXIIL Fore tarsus with long hairs on posterior surface from
middle of basal joint, the latter more than one and a half times as

long as fore tibia. Cubitus forking almost directly below cross vein.

Female.—Agrees with male in color, and in the structure of ab-

domen—aside from the genitalia. Fore tarsi without the long hairs.

Illinois localities: Havana and at various other points on the

Illinois River as far north as Marseilles, above the dam—larvae, pupse,

and imagines ; Muncie, Champaign, LTrbana, Dubois, East St. Louis,

—on dates ranging from April 24 to September 6. Some specimens
were taken at light.

Originally described by Say, who said in regard to its distribution

:

"Inhabits the L^nited States." Johannsen records its occurrence at

Albany, N. Y., in the larval stage, and described the dorsal abdominal
appendages of the pupa, though he indicated that they were imaginal

and not pupal. The same, as to description, is true of Say. My
miscroscopic preparations prove that the appendages they described

were pupal, as described herewith. I have before me examples of this

species from Lake Delavan, Wis., and from Berrien Springs and
Grand Junction, Mich., taken by Mr. Hart; and have seen examples
from Plummer's Island, Md. (W. L. McAtee).



432

I have obtained from Mrs. A. T. Slosson the specimen upon which
the recorded occurrence of niveipennis Fabricius in this country is

based, and find that it is a female of lobifenis. Its locahty is Charlotte

Harbor, Fla.

Section II

Abdominal segments witliout dorsal depression

Subsection 1

Fore tarsi ivitJi the basal joint not more
tJian 1.5 as long as fore tibice

II. Chironomus FLAViciNGULA Walker

Chironomus flavicingula Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., Vol. 1, p. 20. 1848.

Larva.—Length, 11-12 mm. Blood-red. Head brown; antenna

rather short, the apical process with five distinct joints instead of the

normal four (PI. XXX, Fig. 10) ; labium as in Figure i, Plate XXIX.
Ventral blood-gills present, both pairs well developed, the dorsal

blood-gills large, nearly as long as the pseudopods.

Pupa.—Length, 8—9 mm. Reddish, becoming brown as it ma-
tures. Frontal tubercle as in Figure i, Plate XXXI. Thoracic respir-

atory organs white, hairlike. Second abdominal segment with the

normal apical transverse series of setulse ; segments 2—6 with three

transverse patches of microscopic setulse, a narrow one near base, a
much broader one on middle, which contains a number of small

rounded bare spots, and another much narrower one near apex
(PI. XXXI, Fig. 4); apical lateral process of eighth segment not

elongated, armed apically with several short flat spines as in Fig-

ure 18; apical abdominal appendage normal.

Imago; Male.—Opaque brown-black. Head and its members
black; antennal plumes brown. Thorax with grayish pruinescence,

which is most distinct between the vittse, the latter opaque black.

Abdomen with very distinct white pruinescent hind margins to all

except the apical two segments. Legs yellow, coxae and femora
brown, the latter with a narrow yellow preapical band, tibiae broadly
brown at bases and narrowly so at apices, the hind pair with a median
brown band; tarsi with the apices of the basal 3 joints, and the whole
of the apical 2, brown. Wings clear, veins yellow, cross vein con-
spicuously infuscated.

Pronotum linear above, with a broad median division; mesono-
tum continued above pronotum. Seventh segment of abdomen not



433

longer than sixth ; eighth transverse apically ; hypopygium as in Fig-

ure 5, Plate XXXIII. Fore tarsus with long hairs on posterior sur-

face from middle of basal joint to apex of fourth; basal joint barely

appreciably longer than tibia. Cubitus forking below cross vein.

Female.—Color, and proportions of fore tibia and basal joint of

fore tarsus as in male.

Length, 6.5-8 mm.
Illinois localities : Illinois River at Havana, larvae and pupae

;

Havana, East Peoria, Urbana, Normal, Algonquin, Dubois, and
Parker, imagines. Dates of occurrence, in April, May, and August.

A male specimen was reared from a larva taken in Salt Fork at

Homer Park March 21, 1914, by the writer. The adult emerged
March 27, after passing three days in the pupal stage. The figures of

larval and pupal details given herewith were drawn from the exuviae

of this specimen mounted in Canada balsam. There are slight dis-

crepancies between these figures and those given by Johannsen for

this species.

Walker's original specimens came from St. Martin's Falls, Albany
River, and Hudson Bay. Johannsen records the species from Ithaca,

N. Y., and from Kansas.

C. nccvus Mitchell differs noticeably from flavicingnla in having
the wings each with five spots, one at the cross vein, one in middle
of second posterior cell, one in middle of fourth posterior cell, and
usually two in anal cell, the one nearest to anal angle rather in-

distinct. This species was described from Beulah, N. M., and taken

at an altitude of 8000 feet. I have seen a specimen from Professor
Aldrich, taken at Palo Alto, Calif.

12. Chiroxomus devixctus Say

Chironomus devinctus Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. 6, 1829, p. 150.

Chironomus compes Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 9, 1908, p. 145.

Male.—Differs from flavicingnla in having the fore tarsi without
long hairs, the basal joint much longer than the tibiae (1.75 : 1-25),
the hind tibiae without the median brown band, and the cross vein of

the wing clear.

Female.—Agrees with male in color and proportions of fore

tibiae and basal joint of fore tarsi.

Length, 6.5-8 mm.
Illinois localities; Quiver Lake (Illinois River) May 8, 1896,

and LTrbana, May 25, 1898 (C. A. Hart); Muncie, May 24, and
Centerville, August 16, 1914 (J. R. Malloch).



434

Originally described from Indiana. Johannsen records it from
Ithaca, N. Y., while Coquillett redescribed it from Plummer's Island,

Md., from which locality I have seen a female in the collection of the

U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey. I have also seen specimens taken

by Professor Aldrich at Lafayette, Ind., on August 5 and October

2, 1913-

I suggested the above synonymy in my recent paper*, and believe

that it is correct.

13. Chironomus nigricans Johannsen

Chironomus nigricans Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 1905, p. 219.

Larva.—Length, 11-12 mm. Blood-red. Antenna rather slender,

about a fourth shorter than mandible, joint 2 as long as 3+4; labium

with the median tooth divided and distinctly longer than the other

teeth, first and fourth lateral teeth shorter than second and third. No
ventral blood-gills, two dorsal pairs present.

Pupa.—Length, 5.5-6.5 mm. Pale brown. Segments 2-6 with

a transverse band of short blackish setulje near the anterior margin,

the disc covered with shorter, paler setulse enclosing numerous small

rounded bare spaces, the setulae becoming larger and darker posteri-

orly, forming a bandlike patch near posterior margin; second seg-

ment with the normal apical series of black setulae; lateral apical

process of eighth segment with several rather large teeth.

Imago; Male.—Head entirely fuscous. Thorax glossy black;

pleurae sometimes brownish ; scutellum varying from yellow to

brown. Abdomen greenish white, posterior margins of segments

narrowly blackened ; rarely the apical 2 or 3 segments slightly infus-

cated. Legs whitish or greenish. Wings clear, cross vein not in-

fuscated. Halteres whitish or greenish.

Palpi of male as in Figure 8, Plate XXXII. Hypopygium very

closely resembling that of fallax, the inferior process as in Figure 3,

Plate XXXIV. Fore tarsi with long hairs; basal joint about one

sixth longer than fore tibiae (75:65). Third vein ends as far be-

fore apex of wing as fourth does behind it; cubitus forks almost

directly below cross vein.

Female.—Glossy black or blackish brown. Antennae pale yel-

low, basal and apical joints generally fuscous. Scutellum sometimes
brownish yellow. Abdomen with narrow pale hind margins to dor-

sal and ventral segments or the former entirely dark. Legs whitish

yellow. Halteres pale yellow.

Differs from the male in having the fore tarsi without long hairs.

*Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10, Art. 4, 1914, p. 214.



435

Length, 4.5-6 mm.
Illinois localities : Illinois River and connected waters at and near

Havana, the imagines occurring in abundance on tree trunks and

houses and flving near the river in late April and Mav ; Carbondale,

April 23, 19 14 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Originally described from Ithaca, N. Y., from which locality 1

have had a specimen submitted by Professor Johannsen. The species

is also recorded by him from New Jersey. I have examined speci-

mens of this species belonging to the collection of the U. S. Bureau

of Biological Survey v^diich were taken by W. L. McAfee at Plum-
mer's Island, Md., and Washington, D. C, in June, July, and August.

The record of alhipcniiis Meigen for New Jersey is probably

based upon a specimen of this species.

14. Chironomus fallax Johannsen

ChiroJiomus fallax Johatmsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Miis., 1905, p. 210.

Male.—Glossy black. Head black; scape of antennae brown, fla-

gellum greenish
;
palpi greenish yellow. Thorax black, the spaces be-

tween the normal vittae very faintly pruinescent; scutellum brown-

ish. Abdomen whitish green, the apical two segments and base of

hypopygium black, apical portion of lateral arms of hypopygium yel-

lowish. Legs whitish yellow, fore coxae and a broad median band on

fore femora black. Wings clear, veins almost vitreous. Halteres

whitish yellow. Plumes of antennae and hairs on legs whitish yellow.

Pronotum very short, almost linear, not continued to upper mar-

gin of mesonotum; scutellum convex, rather longer than usual.

Apical portion of lateral arm of hypopgium longer than basal (PI.

XXXIII, Fig. 7). Fore tarsi very slender, bare, basal joint more
than one and a half times as long as fore tibia. Mid and hind legs

with long hairs. Wing with third vein almost to apex ; cubitus fork-

ing distinctly beyond cross vein, the latter slightly before wing-middle.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the head and its mem-
bers yellowish, only the last joint of antennae being black ; the scutel-

lum, basal segment of abdomen, and apices of remaining segments

yellow.

Length, 3-4 mm.
Illinois localities : Monticello, June 28, Momence, July 14, at

light, and Centerville, August 16, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Mal-
loch).

Originally described from Ithaca, N. Y. I have seen two females
from the type locality, kindly submitted by Professor Johannsen.



436

15- Chironomus pedellus DeGeer

Tipula pedellus DeGeer, Mem. pour serv. a I'Hist. d. Ins., Vol. 6, 1776, p. 378.

Chironomus pedellus (DeGeer) Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1,

1818, p. 28, sp. 16.

Male.—Differs from fallax principally in the color of the legs, all

of the femora, the tibiae, and the tarsal joints being blackened at their

apices, and the tibiae at their bases also. In other respects similar in

color to fallax.

The fore tarsi are without long hairs, the basal joint is about a

fifth longer than the fore tibiae (78 : 66), and the hypopygium is simi-

lar to that of nigricans except that the superior process is compara-

tively stouter and less distinctly curved.

Female.—Agrees with the male in coloration except that the tho-

rax has the anterior angles yellowish.

Length, 5.5 mm.
IlHnois locahty, Algonquin, April 29, 1895 (W. A. Nason).

Originally described from Europe. Recorded from Wisconsin,

New Jersev, and New York. I have seen a specimen from Lafayette,

Ind.. April 28, 1914 (J. M. Aldrich).

Except in color characters this species does not seem to be sep-

arable from aberrans Johannsen. There is, however, such a striking

difference between the deep black thorax of pedellus and the yellow

one of aberrans that I hesitate to suggest that they may be the same

species.

16. Chironomus barbipes Staeger

Chironomus iarhipes Staeger, Krojer: Naturh, Tidskr., Vol. 2, 1839, p. 561.

Male.—"Hairy, blackish species with hyaline wings having the an-

terior veins somewhat reddish ; halteres sordidly yellow, the extreme

tips a little darker; the second joint of the fore tarsus a little shorter

than the third. Length, 8 mm.
"Head and basal joint of antenna dull black, the flagellum of the

latter and the palpi fuscous. Antennal hairs dark reddish brown.

Thorax cinereous, with three faintly marked wide cinereous black

stripes; scutellum, pectus, pleura and metanotum cinereous. Abdo-

men black, the posterior margins of the segments cinereous, covered

with long brown erect hairs. Genitalia brown, the claspers rather

short and stout, the dorsal keel of moderate size. The coxae cinere-

ous ; the legs testaceous, the bases of the femora, the knees, the tips

of the tibiae, and the middle and hind tarsi a little darker, the fore

tarsi except basal half of metatarsus brown and densely bearded with

long brown hairs. The fore femora and tibiae and basal half of meta-



tarsi nearly bare ; the whole of the middle and hind legs quite hairy.

Fore metatarsus about one sixth longer than its tibia; the second

tarsal joint shorter than the third. The wings narrow and long, hya-

line with very slight yellow tinge; the costa, radius, R-M crossvein

and the basal half of the media testaceous, the other veins hyaline;

.... Halteres yellowish.

Female.—"Basal half of antennae yellowish, fore tarsi bare.

Readily distinguished from related species by its short second tarsal

joint."

—

Johannsen.

Illinois locality, Chicago, May, 1899.

The above description and record are from Johannsen's paper in

Bulletin 86 of the New York State Museum, 1905, page 212.

I have not seen the species, which was originally described from

Europe and has not been recorded from North America except by

Johannsen.

Early stages undescribed.

17. Chironomus quadripunctatus, n. sp.

Male.—Reddish brown, slightly shining. Head, including the

scape and basal flagellar joint of antennae, reddish, the remainder of

flagellum and the palpi fuscous. Vitta; very slightly darker than re-

mainder of mesonotum; scutellum concolorous with mesonotum,

pleurae and postnotum brownish. Abdomen deep brown, the segments

with narrow, posterior marginal pale bands. Legs and halteres yel-

low. Wings clear, veins pale yellow; cross vein not infuscated. An-

tennal plumes brown, body hairs yellow.

Frons without distinguishable tubercles; antepenultimate joint of

palpi distinctly thicker than penultimate and slightly longer, ultimate

joint slender and distinctly longer than penultimate (PI. XXXII, Fig.

3). Mesonotum with but slight pruinescence on areas between the

vittae. Abdomen with four small, oval shining spotlike areas in a

square near posterior margin on dorsal surfaces of segments 2-6;

hypopygium much like that of dccorus, the apical portion of lateral

arm rather thick apically and about equal in length to basal portion.

Fore tarsus with long hairs on posterior surface, basal joint barely

longer than tibia (75: 70). Cross vein sHghtly before wind-middle;

cubitus forking at wing-middle.

Length, nearly 9 mm.
Type locality. Lake Delavan, Wis., September 7, 1892 (C. A.

Hart).

Early stages unknown.



438

i8. Chironomus utahensis, n. sp.

Male.—Black, slightly shining. Head entirely black, antennal

plumes fuscous. Mesonotum with the spaces between the vittse cov-

ered with grayish pruinescence
;

pleurje and scutellum gray pruines-

cent. Abdomen with very slight pruinescence on the posterior mar-

gins of segments. Legs black, tibia; and bases of tarsi brownish.

Wings clear, first and third veins blackish brown, cross vein slightly

infuscated, the other veins indistinct. Halteres black, the knobs yel-

low.

Frontal tubercles distinct; antepenultimate palpal joint longer than

penultimate, the latter and the ultimate subequal. Pronotum distinct

but not broad. Hypopygium as in Figure 6, Plate XXXVIII. Fore

tarsi with long hairs, basal joint very little longer than fore tibiae

(83 : 75) ; mid and hind legs with long hairs. Venation as in maturns.

Length, 7-8 mm.
Type locality, Kaysville, Utah, April 7, 1912 (E. R. Kaimbach).

This species is probably that which was considered as niveipennis

by Johannsen. The latter species was recorded from Florida by John-

son, but the specimen upon which the record is based is a female of

C. lohiferus, which I have before me.

The type specimen of utahensis is in the collection of the U. S.

Bureau of Biological Survey.

Niveipennis Fabricius, or at least an Austrian specimen named as

such, submitted by Professor Johannsen, has the extension of the

dorsal plate of the hypopygium much longer than in utahensis and the

whole hypopygium more slender.

19. Chironomus fasciventris, n. sp.

Male.—Black, slightly shining. Head brown, face yellowish; an-

tennae black, extreme base of flagellum brownish, the plumes brown.

Thorax with yellowish gray pruinescence, the vittae less densely cov-

ered than the remainder of disc, anterior lateral angles of mesonotum
and scutellum sometimes yellowish. Abdomen with the apical third of

segments 1-5 pale yellow, the remaining segments with less distinct

yellowish marks on lateral apical angles. Legs brownish yellow,

apices of femora, bases and apices of tibiae, the apices of basal two
tarsal joints and the apical three slightly darkened. Wings clear, veins

yellowish, cross vein distinctly infuscated. Hairs on body and legs

yellow. Halteres yellow.

Frontal tubercles distinct; antepenultimate joint of palpi slightly

the longest. Pronotum moderately broad throughout its entire length.



Hypopygium similar to that of decoriis (PI. XXXIII, Fig. ii) except

that the superior process is comparatively longer, more slender, and

more distinctly curved, and the apical portion of the lateral arm is not

constricted at apex. Fore tarsi with long hairs, basal joint about one

third longer than fore tibia; (92:68). Venation similar to that of

maturiis.

Female.—Agrees with the male in color. The basal joint of fore

tarsus is slightly longer in comparison with the tibia than in the male,

and the long tarsal hairs are absent. Otherwise as the male.

Length, 7-8 mm.
Type locality, Dubois, III, April 24, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R.

Malloch). Several specimens taken at light; the others swept from
vegetation on banks of streams.

This species differs from hyperboreus Staeger in having the abdo-

men with very conspicuous yellow bands and the legs yellowish instead

of black.

20. Chironomus claripennis, n. sp.

Male.—Black, slightly shining. Head black, antennal plumes fus-

cous. Mesonotum slightly pruinescent, most distinctly on spaces be-

tween the vittse; scutellum sometimes brownish. Abdomen black or

blackish brown, hypopygium yellowish. Legs brown, tibije and basal

half of tarsi yellowish. Wings clear, veins entirely yellowish. Halte-

res yellow, the knobs sometimes brownish. Hairs on body and legs

yellowish.

Differs from the preceding species in being much shorter, 4.5-5
mm., in having the basal joint of the fore tarsi one fourth longer than
the fore tibije (45 : 36), and the hypopygium much more slender, with

the superior and inferior processes very short (PI. XXXVI, Fig. 4).
Female.—Differs from the male in having the ground color of the

thorax brownish yellow.

Length, 3.5-4 mm.
Type locality. South Haven, Mich., July 14-15, 1914 (C. A.

Hart). One specimen taken at light; the others on shore of Lake
Michigan.

A female taken at Grand Tower, 111., April 21, 19 14, on the bank
of the Mississippi River by Mr. Hart and the writer differs from the

type in having the halteres dark brown, the pale posterior margins of

the abdominal segments very narrow, the last joint of fore tarsi

shorter in comparison with the fourth (8:16 as against 7:11) and the

cubitus forking more distinctly beyond the cross vein.

This specimen may represent a distinct species.



21. Chironomus nigrohalteraus, n. sp.

Male.—Black. Head black, antennal plumes fuscous. Thorax
black, the disc glossy, with very slight pruinescence. Membranous
area on pleurae brownish. Abdomen entirely black, shining. Legs
black, tibiae and basal two or three tarsal joints, except their apices,

yellowish brown. Wings clear, veins yellow, black at base of wing.

Halteres black. Hairs of body blackish brown, those on legs paler.

Pronotum distinct nearly to upper margin of mesonotum, the latter

with few hairs on disc. Hypopygium as in Figure lO, Plate XXXHI.
Fore tarsi without long hairs, basal joint about a fifth longer than fore

tibiae (24 : 20) ; hairs on mid and hind legs inconspicuous. Third vein

ends noticeably before wing-tip, similar to that of pseiidoviridis (PI.

XXXIX, Fig. I ) ; cubitus forks appreciably beyond cross vein.

Female.—Agrees in color with the male, except that the wings are

slightly grayish.

Length, 1.75-2.25 mm.
Type locality, Havana, 111., April 28, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R.

Malloch).

The early stages are unknown.

22. Chironomus sub^quaus, n. sp.

Male.—Black, shining. Head black; antennje with the flagellum

and plumes fuscous. Thorax glossy black, without traces of prui-

nescence. Abdomen subshining black, segments without traces of pru-
inescence. Legs black, tibiae and bases of tarsi fuscous. Wings
slightly grayish, veins brown. Halteres white.

Pronotum linear, not extending to upper margin of mesonotum,
which protrudes considerably anteriorly ; disc of mesonotum with a
few weak black hairs. Abdomen slender

;
penultimate and antepenulti-

mate segments slightly broadened, the last segment narrowed; hypo-
pygium as in Figure 15, Plate XXXIII. Legs slender; fore tarsi with-
out long hairs, basal joint very slightly longer than tibia (27:25).
Third vein ends at beginning of curve at apex of wing; the first ends
before middle of third ; second, distinctly separated from first, ending
midway between apex of first and apex of third ; cross vein at middle
of wing; cubitus forking appreciably beyond cross vein.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the legs stronger and
the basal joint of fore tarsi almost the same length as the fore tibiae.

Length, 2-2.5 n^^-

Type locality, Muncie, 111., May 24, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R.
Malloch).



441

The early stages are unknown.

This species has the usual comb of spinules at apex of hind tibiae

which characterizes Cliiroiwiitiis. In the Ortbocladius group the hind

tibiae have one or two apical spurs.

23. Chironomus basalis, n. sp.

Male.—Black. Head entirely black, plumes of antennae fuscous.

Thorax opaque, entirely covered with dense grayish pruinescence

;

postnotum with the pruinescence more dense on apical than basal half.

Abdomen shining black when viewed from behind, but when viewed

from in front the segments are seen to be covered with pale grayish

pruinescence. Legs fuscous, tibije and basal two tarsal joints of all

legs pale brown. Wings clear, cross vein not infuscated or indistinctly

so ; veins brown. Halteres brown, knobs yellow. Hairs on body and

legs yellowish.

Apical joint of palpi about one half longer than subapical, the latter

slightly longer than the antepenultimate. Pronotum linear on upper

half, reaching nearly to upper margin of mesonotum ; hairs on meso-

notum confined to the median and submedian lines. Hairs on abdomen
rather sparse, regularly distributed ; hypopygium almost identical with

that of palliatus (PI. XXXHI, Fig. 16). Fore tarsi bare, basal joint

slightly longer than fore tibiae ( 50 : 45 ) ; scalelike protuberance at

apices of mid and hind femora large, mid and hind femora and tibiae

with long hairs. Third and fourth veins end respectively at an equal

distance before and behind apex of wing ; cubitus forking distinctly

but not greatly beyond cross vein.

Female.—Agrees in coloration with the male except that the legs

are generally darker, the pale color of tarsi being generally confined to

the base of the first joint.

Length, 3-3.5 mm.
Type locality, Dubois, 111., April 24, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R.

Malloch). Swept from vegetation along bank of creek.

24. Chironomus palliatus Coquillett

Chironomus palliatus Coquillett, Proe. V. S Nat. Mus., Vol. 25, 1902, p. .9-5.

Larva.—Length, 6-7 mm. Yellowish or yellowish green. The
condition of the larval exuvis is such that a description is not possible

beyond indicating that the labial plate (PI. XXXII, Fig. 6) has the

central tooth divided in the middle ; that the mandibles are as in Figure



442

14, Plate XXX ; that the ventral blood-gills are absent ; and that there

are six sensory hairs in each of the dorsal tufts.

Pupa.—Length, 6 mm. Yellowish brown. Frontal tubercles very
small. Thoracic respiratory organs ending in numerous white hairlike

filaments. Second abdominal segment with a series of about six

transverse rows of short setulae forming a band near the base on the

dorsal surface, and the usual apical band of stronger black setulae

;

segments 3-7 with the band near base, that on 7 being rather indistinct,

segments 4-6 with short setulae on dorsal surfaces which become more
numerous near apices of segments, forming a slight band ; lateral

apical process of eighth segment ending in a sharp thorn, its sides with

several shorter thorns (PI. XXXI, Fig. 16) ; apical abdominal appen-
dages more than three times as long as broad, densely fringed.

Imago; Male.—Black, opaque. Head fuscous, face and antenna!

flagellum yellowish; plumes of antennae fuscous. Thorax black, an-

terior lateral angles and lateral vittae deep brown, the median vitta and
sometimes the median portion of mesonotum behind it as well as the

inner portion of lateral vittae pale reddish brown ; lateral vittae with

dense whitish pruinescence ; scutellum pale brown
;
postnotum black.

Abdomen velvety black, the anterior lateral angles of the segments of

the basal half sometimes brownish; hypopygium yellowish. Legs pale

yellow ; coxae and generally also the greater part of fore and mid
femora blackened. Wings clear, veins yellow, cross vein unclouded.

Halteres yellow, sometimes slightly darkened apically. Hairs on body
and legs pale yellow.

Frontal tubercles indistinguishable. Pronotum linear on upper

half, not extending to upper margin of mesonotum. Hypopygium as

in Figure 16, Plate XXXHL Legs slender; fore tarsi without long

hairs, basal joint nearly one half longer than fore tibiae (53 : 37) ; mid
and hind legs long-haired. Third vein ending nearly at wing-tip;

cubitus forking very slightly beyond cross vein.

Female.—Similar in coloration to the male except that the mid
tibiae and apices of tarsi are usually distinctly browned.

Hairs of antennae comparatively long, greatly exceeding the length

of the apical joint. In other respects similar to the male.

Length, 3-4.25. mm.
Illinois locality, Thompson's Lake, near Havana, reared from

larvae dredged from a depth of eight and a half feet April 28 and May
I, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch). The adults emerged May 12

and 14 respectively.

One reared specimen is a hermaphrodite, the bisexual characters

lying in the antennae, the basal third of the flagellum of both consisting



443

of the normal female joints, while the apical two thirds are of the

form usual in the male and similarly haired (PI. XXXII, Fig. 12). In

other respects the specimen appears to be of the ordinary female form.

Originally described from Washington, D. C. I have seen speci-

mens in the collection of the U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey from
Plummer's Island, Md., taken by W. L. McAfee in June and August.

25. Chironomus riparius Meigen

CMronomus riparms Meigen, Klass. u. Beschr. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1, 1804,

p. 16, sp. 3. ,

Chironomus annularis Maequart, Recueil Soe. Agric. Lille, 1826, p. 194, sp. 2.

Chironomus viridipes Maequart, ibid., p. 195, sj). 4.

Chironomus zonulus Zetterstedt, Ins. Lappon., 1838, p. 810, sp. 1.

Male.—Differs from fasciveiitris in having the fore tarsi bare and
the basal joint half as long again as the fore tibiae.

Female.—Differs from the female of fasciventris in having the

basal joint of the fore tarsi comparatively longer, the proportions of

this joint and fore tibise in specimens before me being 84, 54.

Length, 6.75-7.5 mm-
Illinois localities, Urbana, on window, April 11, 1911 ; and White

Heath, in woods along bank of stream, November 22, 1913 (C. A.
Hart and the writer).

I have as yet seen only females of this species and can not say what
is the form of the hypopygium.

The larva, according to Van der Wulp and Weyenbergh, is trans-

parent and pale green, but Johannsen states that larvae from which he

reared specimens he identified as riparius agreed with those of dccoriis

in all details. Some error in observation must have occurred or else

the European species is not the same as the American one.

Johannsen records riparius from Ithaca, N. Y., Washington State,

Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Minnesota, New Jersey, and from Doug-
las, Alaska.

26. Chironomus tentans Fabricius

Chironomus tentans Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 1805, p. 38, sp. 3.

CMronomus abdominalis Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1, 1818, p.

32, sp. 25.

Chironomus vernalis Meigen, Klass. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1, 1804, p. 13, sp. 5.

Male.—Pale green, opaque. Head pale yellowish green, antennae,

except the basal 2-3 joints of flagellum, fuscous
;
palpi fuscous, green-

ish at base. Mesonotum covered with whitish pruinescence, which is



not confined to the areas between vittre but covers the latter, giving

them an opaque appearance ; vitt£e deep black, the median vitta dis-

tinctly divided
;
pleurae green, lower two-thirds of sternopleura and a

large patch below wing-base blackened ; scutellum yellow
;
postnotum

black, yellowish at base. Abdomen black, segments with very narrow
pale posterior margins; basal half with the segments narrowly gray
pruinescent on posterior margins, apical half almost entirely covered
with pruinescence, only the bases narrowly bare. Legs yellow, coxfe

and trochanters more or less suffused with brown ; apices of femora,
bases and apices of tibias, and tarsi from near base of first joint suf-

fused with brown. Wings clear, veins of anterior half brown, of the

posterior half vitreous, cross vein infuscated. Halteres yellow. An-
tennal plumes deep yellow, body hairs whitish.

Frontal tubercles distinct; penultimate joint of palpi slightly

shorter than antepenultimate and ultimate joints. Pronotum of mod-
erate width, slightly concave in outline when viewed from the side, the

upper extremity slightly produced, median dorsal excision shallow and
narrow ; hairs on mesonotum short and weak, mostlv confined to areas

between the vittcC. Abdomen with slight indications of a dorso-
median raised line on each segment ; hypopygium as in Figure i, Plate

XXXIII. Fore tarsus bare, basal joint less than one fifth longer than
tibia (5 : 4.25) ; mid and hind legs with soft hairs, the longest of which
are barely longer than diameter of the joints upon which they are situ-

ated. Third vein ends beyond beginning of curve at apex of wing, the

first at nearly two thirds the distance from cross vein to apex of third

;

cubitus forking distinctly beyond cross vein.

Female.—Similar to male in coloration except that the antennae are

yellow with the exception of the apical joint, and the mid and hind
tibiae have the bases either without any darkening or but slightly

browned.

Length, 9-1 1 mm.
Illinois locality, Havana, April-Mav, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R.

Malloch).

This species occurred in immense numbers on houses, fence posts,

and tree trunks along and near the banks of the Illinois River at and
near Havana on April 29. 1914, in company with fcrrugineovittatus.

Crassicaudatus resembles tcntans in size and color, differing in having
long hairs on the fore tarsi and in the structure of the hypopygium.

The larva of tentans has been described by Weyenbergh,* from
whose description it is evident that it is very similar to larvae belonging

*Tijclschr. v. Entom., Vol. 17, 1874, p. 149.



445

to the group which includes decorus, viridicollis, and others, which

have the ventral blood-gills long and the first lateral tooth of labium

much shorter than median and second lateral. It is not possible to as-

sociate definitely any larva from the Illinois River collections with that

described by Weyenbergh. as his description is very unsatisfactory, but

the larva described below is the only one that agrees in general appear-

ance with that described by him, and occurring, as it does, in immense
numbers in the places where tcntans imagines do, it m,ay, I believe, be

assumed with a degree of certainty that it belongs to that species.

Larva*.—Length, 24-27 mm. Blood-red. General appearance as

in Figure 2, Plate XXXII ; labium as in Figure 9, Plate XXIX ; labial

papillae as in Figure 10, Plate XXIII ; ventral blood-gills four in num-
ber, very long ; dorsal blood-gills large; dorsal anal tufts consisting

each of about six hairs, basal papillje hump-like, not in the form of

stalks.

The pupa has not been distinguished by the writer from that of

fcrrugineovittatus by any structural character owing to the absence of

reared imagines.

The species was originally described from Europe, and has been

recorded from New York, Idaho, South Dakota, Utah, and Iowa. I

have seen it from Wisconsin.

\'ar. pallidivittatiis. n. var.

This variety, which is mentioned by Van der Wulp, has not been
given a name by means of which it may be distinguished from the type

so far as I can discover. Some specimens taken at light at Flag Lake,

near Havana, August 6, 1896, and at the same place Jime 29, 1897,
differ from the type form in being smaller, averaging about 7 mm.,
and much paler, the thorax and abdomen being yellowish, the former
with ferruginous vittje and the latter with fuscous suffusion except at

base ; the legs are decidedly paler, the dark markings reduced to mere
rings at apices of tibiae and of the first two tarsal joints, while the

apical three joints are browned. The antennal plumes are also much
paler than in the type form.

This is probably the summer form of this species.

Type locality, Havana, 111., August 7, 1895 (E. B. Forbes), and
August 8, i896'(C. A. Hart and C. C. Adams).

*This is "Chironomiis larva (4) " mentioned bv Garman in Bull. 111. State Lab.
Nat. Hist., Vol. 3, Art. IX, p. 160 (158, sec. ed.). 1888.



446

2-j. Chironomus ferrugineovittatus Zetterstedt

(Plate XXXII, Fig. 10)

Chironomus ferrugineovittatus Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand., Vol. 9, 1850, p. 3492.

Larva.—Length, 45-60 mm. Blood-red. Ventral respiratory or-

gans absent. For full description see an earlier article by the present

writer*.

Pupa.—Length, 17-19 mm. Red, becoming yellowish before

emergence of the adult.

Frontal tubercles of moderate size, slightly curved downward at

apices. Thoracic respiratory organs terminating in numerous white,

hairlike filaments; disc with a brown median line and another line of

same color on each side above the portions occupied by vittse of the en-

closed imago, the surface not setulose but with about six weak hairs.

Abdominal segments with a brown line on each side which is dilated at

anterior extremity ; disc of segments covered with very minute closely

placed setulse which almost cover their dorsal surface and are slightly

longer posteriorly; surface hairs inconspicuous, one on each side of the

median line near posterior margin much stronger than the others;

apical lateral organ of eighth segment similar to that of decorus, and
with the apical abdominal appendages mostly deep brown.

Imago; Male.—Differs from plumosus in having the vittse and the

dark marks on the basal four segments of abdomen usually bright fer-

ruginous, the apical segment of the latter usually of the same color and
the intervening segments gray or blackish.

Structurally the two species are very much alike, the principal dif-

ference being that the legs in ferrugineovittatus are noticeably thicker

than in plumosus and the superior process of hypopygium much more
slender. The proportions of fore tibiae and basal 3 joints of fore tarsi

are 105, 128, 70, 40. Hypopygium as in Figure 4, Plate XXXIIL
Female.—Similar to that of plumosus; differing in having the vit-

tse paler and the legs thicker.

Length, 12-13 r^rn-

Illinois locality, Havana. Abundant everywhere from the middle

of April through a good part of May, also occurring in September in

the imago stage. Larvae occur throughout the year in the various

lakes connected with the Illinois River at and near Havana and in some
parts of the channel of the river. The writer was not successful in

rearing the imago. Cast pupal skins were found in immense numbers
along the shore of the Illinois River and floating on the surface of the

»Bull. 111. state Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10, Art. 4, p. 215. 1914.



447

river and connected lakes during the last week of April and the first

week of May, 1914- As tentans occurred at the same time and place

and no exuviae from reared material are available for comparison

there are no data for determining what percentage of each species was

present, though they probably occurred in about equal numbers if one

mav judge from the imagines of each that appeared.

Originallv described from Europe and recorded subsequently from

Washington State.

28. Chironomus plumosus Linne

Tipula plumosa Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 587, sp. 19.

Chironomus plumosus (Linne) Meigen, Klass. u. Beschr. Zweifl. Eur. Ins., Vol. 1,

1804, p. 11, sp. 1.

Johannsen has provisionally identified as the larva and pupa of this

species specimens taken from swamps in the vicinity of Cayuga Lake,

Ithaca, N. Y. His descriptions are as follows :
—

Larva.—"Blood red, length of body about 22 mm. Head brown,

antenna short and stout, basal joint about half as long as the mandible

;

the latter with blackened teeth and with the usual mesad projecting

setse. Labrum, epipharynx, and hypopharynx were destroyed. Max-
illa with short palpus and a mesad projecting lobe with setae and pa-

pillae. . . . Labium broad, with short blunt teeth [PI. XXXH, Fig.

4] ; the middle tooth broad, with a nearly straight apical margin, the

first lateral small and more or less rounded, the second lateral broad

and a little longer than the middle one; the third pair smaller and

closely united with the second ; fourth, sixth and seventh laterals about

of equal size with rounded margins, the fifth slightly smaller. Ante-

rior prolegs with very numerous fine hairlike setae. Ventral and anal

blood gills present."

Pupa.—"Grayish brown in color; the markings of the enclosed

imago visible; length about 16 mm. Respiratory filaments much
branched and whitish in color. The dorsum of the abdominal seg-

ments uniformly covered with microscopic spines, those nearest to the

posterior margins of the segments a little stouter than the others. The
lateral fin on the eighth segment terminates in a chitinous process or

spur, the extremity of which is divided into 7 or 8 spines in close con-

tact. . . . Caudal fin with the usual fringe of matted filaments."

Figure 4, Plate XXXH, is a reproduction of Johannsen's figure of

the larval labium.

Imago; Male.—Yellow, occasionally with a greenish tinge. Head
yellow, antennse with the exception of the basal 3 joints of flagellum



448

fuscous, the plumes brownish yellow
;

palpi brown. Mesonotum
opaque, the vittse gray, spaces between the latter with slight grayish

pruinescence ; sternopleura except the upper margin, a large spot in

front of wing-base, and another in front of posterior spiracle, black-

ish ; scutellum yellow
;
postnotum blackish gray. Abdominal segments

broadly blackish brown on bases, leaving only the apical third of the

basal four yellowish and only a narrow yellow apical margin to the

others. Legs yellow, knees and apices of tarsal joints slightly ob-

scured with brown. Wings clear, cross vein distinctly infuscated.

Halteres yellow. Hairs on legs and body yellow.

Frontal tubercles of moderate size ; apical joint of palpi longest, pro-

portions of apical three joints, 22, 15, 15. Pronotum rather broad, cen-

tral division, seen from above, wedge-shaped. Hypopygium similar to

that of ferrugineovittatus (see PI. XXXIII, Fig. 4), but the superior

processes are slightly broader in comparison with their length, and the

apical portion of the lateral arm is as shown in Figure 17, Plate

XXXIV. Legs slender ; fore tarsi with long hairs on posterior surface

from middle of basal joint to near apex of third, proportions of tibia

and basal three fore-tarsal joints, 98, 122, 63, 38; mid and hind legs

with long hairs. Third vein ending as far before apex of wing as

fourth does behind it ; cubitus forking very slightly beyond cross vein.

Female.—In color similar to the male except that the legs have the

apices of the joints, including the tibiae, distinctly marked with brown,

and the hind femora are usually darkened above on the apical half, and
the bases of the fore femora are often slightly brownish.

Structurally it differs from the male in having the antennae short,

consisting of the usual 8 joints, and with short hairs, the body stouter,

the legs with shorter hairs, and no long hairs on the fore tarsi.

Length, 12 mm.
Illinois locahties: Urbana, April 11, and Champaign, July 21,

1887, the former at light (C. A. Hart).

This species was originally described from Europe, where it occurs

in almost every place where there are small boggy pools. It has been

recorded in North America from Mackenzie River in Canada, Chau-
tauqua Lake and Ithaca, N. Y., and from Washington State. I have

before me specimens taken at Lake Delavan, Wis., and Grand Junc-

tion, Mich., in September and July respectively, by Mr. Hart.

Johannsen was mistaken in supposing that the larva mentioned by
Garman as "No. 4"* might be of this species. Although there are no
reared specimens of the species at hand, the fact that plnmosus does

*Biin. 111. state Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 3, Art. 9, p. 160 (158, sec. ed.). 1888.



449

not occur in the localities where Garman collected, so far as our in-

formation goes, together with the fact that his No. 4 specimens do not

agree with Johannsen's description, virtually proves that they can not

be pluinosus. It is almost certain that the species is feiitaiis, the larva

of which has not been definitely associated with the pupal and imaginal

stages in connection with the work of this Laboratory.

29. Chiroxomus viridis Macquart

Chirotiomus viridis Macquart, Suites a Buffon, 1S34, Vol. 1, p. 52. sp. 21.

Larva.—Length, 10-12 mm. Green, thoracic and last three ab-

dominal segments reddish or brownish. Head slightly longer than

broad; antennze slender, basal joint about one and two thirds times as

long as the remaining joints, second joint as long as the next two to-

gether, the other joints increasing in length to apex ; labium as in Fig-

ure 2, Plate XXIX, the teeth very distinctly blackened ; transverse

fringe of epipharynx consisting of a central portion with five teeth,

and another each side with generally three teeth on each ; mandibles

with four teeth, inclusive of the apical one, which are distinctly black-

ened, the usual hairs present. Apices of anterior pseudopods armed
with soft hairs ; abdominal segments without noticeable hairs ; dorsal

tufts consisting of about ten hairs, the basal papillae very short; two
long hairs above the bases of the upper pair of blood-gills ; anal pseu-

dopods with strongs brown claws at their apices; ventral blood-gills

absent.

Pupa.—Length, 8-9.5 ^mi. Color very similar to that of larva.

Frontal tubercles absent ; thoracic respiratory organs with many white

hairlike filaments. Dorsal surface of abdomen with a transverse row
of numerous closely placed pale brown setulje near the base of seg-

ments 2-6 (PI. XXXI, Fig. 8, a, b, c, d), another row near apices of

same segments, which becomes gradually less distinct on the last three

of these segments and is sometimes interrupted at the middle, and the

normal apical row of distinct, black, thornlike setula; at apex of second

segment (Fig. 7) ; lateral apical process on segment eight with about
eight short leaflike apical thorns (Fig. 6) ; apical processes of abdo-

men as long as eighth segment, their outer margins with numerous
long, flattened hairs.

Imago; Male.—Bright green. Head green; antennae j'cllow, fla-

gellum and plumes brown. Thoracic vittae, a spot below wing-base,

the sternopleura, and postnotum reddish or yellowish. Abdomen gen-

erally entirely green with the hypopygium yellowish. Legs greenish



450

yellow; mid and hind tibije with a black apical comb; apical joint of all

tarsi brownish. Hairs on legs and body whitish.

Hairs on spaces between the thoracic vittse and on central line long

and soft, those in front of wing-base not numerous; scutellar hairs

long and soft. Abdomen slightly broadened from middle to apex of

penultimate segment, last segment much narrower than the preceding

segment and equal to the width of hypopygium basally. Basal joint of

fore tarsus one fifth longer than fore tibia; the apical half of basal and
whole of second joint of fore tarsus with long hairs on the posterior

surface; mid and hind legs with rather long soft hairs. Posterior

branch of radius and media reaching wing-margin at about the same
distance from wing-tip before and behind respectively (PI. XXXIX,
Fig. 4) ; cubitus forking slightly beyond the vertical line of the cross

vein.

Female.—Similar in color to the male, except that the antennas

are almost entirely greenish yellow, the apical joint only being brown-

ish.

The legs dififer from those of the male in being much shorter-

haired, the fore tarsus being devoid of long hairs ; the tarsal propor-

tions are the same in both sexes. Wings broader than in male, and the

cubitus forks almost directly below the cross vein.

Length, 5-6.5 mm.
Illinois localities: Illinois River at Havana, April-June, 1914.

Hundreds of larvae of this species were obtained from a clump of

Ceratophylliim dredged from the bottom of Thompson's Lake, Ha-
vana. These were readily reared in vials in the Laboratory, and the

descriptions herewith given are based on the series thus obtained. The
immature stages have not been previously described.

Originally described from Europe. C. W. Johnson has recorded

it from Florida.

30. Chironomus psEudoviridis, n. sp.

This species resembles viridis so closely that it is only necessary to

indicate the points of difference between them.

Male.—The mesonotum has generally distinct whitish pruinescence

between the vittse, which is absent in viridis; the fore tibia is slightly

longer than the basal joint of the tarsus ; the cubitus forks slightly dis-

tad of the cross vein ; and the third vein ends considerably farther

from the apex of the wing (PI. XXXIX, Fig. i). Hypopygium as in

Figure 2, Plate XXXIII.
female.—Similar to the male in color.



Differs structural!)^ from z'iridis in having the antennal joints much
shorter, the basal five joints of flagellum being each less than half as

long as the apical one, while in viridis they are much more elongate,

over half as long as the apical joint.

Length, 375-4.25 mm.
Type locality, Urbana, III, August 5, 19 14 (C. A. Hart and J. R.

Malloch). Paratvpe from South Haven, Mich., Tulv 14, 1914 (C. A.
Hart).

According to the classification of other authors this species would
be placed, not in Chironomus but in Orthocladius. The writer, how-
ever, considers that from its close resemblance structurally to viridis it

is more closely related to that species than to Psntdochirononiiis—
which differs from Orthocladius (sens, lat.) only in the form of the

hypopygium—in which genus the use of the accepted generic charac-

ters would cause him to place it.

Two females sent me by Professor Johannsen v.hich are labeled

fidvivcntris belong to two distinct species. One of them is, I am con-

vinced, psciidoriridis, but the other is in all respects in agreement with
Johannsen's description of fulviventris. The venation and leg propor-

tions of the latter are the same as those of viridis, but the male differs

from that species in color, and also in having the fore tarsi bare, as

stated in the original description. The locality for Professor Johann-
sen's specimen is Ithaca, N. Y.

It is with considerable hesitation that I am describing this species as

new, but owing to the evident uncertainty that seems to exist regarding
the identity of fulz'ivcntris, even with its describer, and because of dis-

crepancies between my specimens and the original description, I can
take no other course.

I have seen a large number of specimens taken at Lake Mendota
and Madison, Wisconsin, in June, 1912. Most of the specimens were
taken from large swarms, the sexes occurring in different swarms. The
time of flight of one swarm of females is given on label as 8 p. m.
(A. C. Burrill).

The Wisconsin specimens differ from the type series in having the

thorax shining, and in the only male which has the legs intact the fore

tarsi are devoid of long hairs. These hairs are readily rubbed off", and
as in other respects the agreement is perfect I consider them as pseudo-
viridis.

31. Chironomus abbreviatus, n. sp.

This species bears a strong resemblance to festiviis. It differs in

being smaller, 7.5 mm., in having the legs less distinctly browned, in



452

that the apices of the abdominal segments are without the small warts,

only the basal four blackened, and in the form of the hypopygium (PI.

XXXIV, Fig. i8), the inferior and superior processes being much ab-

breviated. The basal joint of fore tarsi is about one and a half times

as long as fore tibise (66: 45, 75: 50, 2 specimens). Otherwise as

festiviis.

Type locality, Havana, 111., September; two males.

Early stages unknown.

32. Chironomus frequens Johannsen

Chironomus frequens Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. T. State Mus., 1905, p. 230.

Male.—Green, slightly shining. Head yellowish ; antennae yellow,

flagellum brown except at base, the plumes pale brown. Thorax in liv-

ing specimens greenish, becoming yellow after death, vittse very little

darker than the ground color; postnotum not darker than scutellum.

Abdomen without markings. Legs green or yellowish ; apical third of

fore tibiae and extreme apices of mid and hind pairs, apical third of

basal joint of fore tarsi, base and apex of second joint, and remaining

joints blackish brown, the pale portion of the tarsi of fore legs whit-

ish; mid tarsi blackened on apices of the basal two joints, as also are

the whole of their apical three ; hind tarsi blackened on the apices of

the basal three joints, as also are the whole of the apical two. Wings
clear, veins yellow, cross vein not infuscated. Halteres green.

Frontal tubercles absent. Pronotum linear on upper half. Hypo-

pygium as in Figure 6, Plate XXXIII. Fore tarsi with long delicate

hairs ; basal joint about a fourth longer than fore tibiae (56:45).

Third vein ending as far before apex of wing as fourth does behind it;

cross vein at middle of wing ; cubitus forking slightly but distinctly

beyond it.

Female.—Agrees in color with the male with the following excep-

tions : the general color is a deeper green, the last antennal joint only

is fuscous, the mesonotum is generally unicolorous, and the legs have

the dark marks more intense and rather broader.

Length, 3.5-4.5 mm.
Illinois localities : Havana, June 5, 1896 (C. A. Hart); Peoria,

June 15, 1914, on window in hotel (J. R. Malloch). L have seen speci-

mens of this species from Ithaca, N. Y., the original locality, submit-

ted by Professor Johannsen.

The early stages are undescribed.



33- Chironomus stigmaterus Say?

Chironomus stigmatems Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. 3, 1823, p. 15.

Male.—Yellow (probably greenish when alive). Head dull yel-

low ; antennae fuscous, becoming paler towards apex, the plumes yel-

lowish brown; palpi brown. Mesonotum with reddish yellow vittae;

lower half of sternopleura reddish
;
postnotum reddish brown. Basal

four segments of abdomen slightly browned on dorsum and lateral

margins of basal half, the remaining segments grayish, all segments
with slight whitish pruinescence. Legs yellow, apices of tarsal joints

of all legs narrowly browned. Wings clear, veins yellow, cross vein

and small portion of connected veins brown.
Frontal tubercles rather long and stout. Hypopygium identical

with that of femigineovittatus. Fore tarsi from middle of basal

joint, and mid and hind tibise and tarsi with very long hairs ; basal

joint of fore tarsi slightly more than a third longer than fore tibipe

(85:63). Third vein ends very slightly farther from apex of wing
than fourth does behind same; cubitus forks directly below cross vein.

Female.—Differs from the male in being darker in color, the vit-

t£e brown, and the abdominal segments except the apices grayish.

The leg proportions are as in the male, but the long hairs are ab-

sent. In other respects agrees with the male except in sexual charac-

ters.

Length, 7.5-8 mm.
Locality, Oak Creek, Lincoln, Nebraska, October 16, 1898 (C. A.

Hart).

Early stages unknown.
This species closely resembles fernigiucovittahts, differing princi-

pally in size, color, and proportionate lengths of fore metatarsus and
fore tibia. I have some doubt as to the identity of this species with
that described by Say, and that which was considered as Say's species

by Johannsen. The latter gives the length of the basal joint of the

fore tarsi as exceeding that of the fore tibiae by about one fifth, while
in my specimens it is considerably greater. The specimens Johannsen
had were from Kansas, Washington State, California, Wisconsin,
Idaho, New Jersey, and South Dakota. Say's original record gives

only United States.

34. Chironomus crassicaudatus, n. sp.

Male.—Yellowish green, opaque. Head yellow ; scape of antennse

and base of flagellum yellowish, the remainder fu.scous, plumes pale



454

brown
;
palpi brownish yellow. Mesonotum with gray or brown vittae,

the disc with faint whitish pruinescence ; sternopleura reddish except

on upper margin
;
postnotum brown. Abdominal segments each with

the basal half blackish brown, the dark color usually extending poste-

riorly on median line, or with a broad brown band on basal half which

does not extend to the extreme base. Legs greenish yellow, knees, and

apices of tibiae and of the tarsal joints narrowly brown. Wings as in

stigiuatcnis (?).

Frontal tubercles large; palpus as in Figure i, Plate XXXII.
Hypopygium as in Figure 13, Plate XXXIII ; lateral view as in Figure

13, Plate XXXIV. Surface hairs on fore tarsi and mid and hind legs

shorter than in stigmaterits (?) ; basal joint of fore tarsi slightly less

than one fourth longer than fore tibiae (98:80). Venation as in

stigmateriis (?).

Length, 8 mm.
Type locality, Peoria, 111., October 22, 1914, at light (C. A. Hart).

Paratypes from Lake Lomalta, Texas, November 27, 1910 (C. A.

Hart) ; and from Katherine, Texas, December 3, 191 1 (C. A. Hart).

Female and early stages unknown.
The male of this species is readily separated from any other species

of the plumosiis group by the form of the hypopygium.

35. Chironomus pahidus Johannsen

Chironomus pallidus Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 1905, p. 230.

Male.—Pale green. Head green ; scape of antennae yellow, flagel-

lum greenish at base, the remainder fuscous, plumes brownish, paler at

apices
;
palpi brownish black. Thoracic vittje reddish yellow

;
pleurae

with a longitudinal black streak on middle extending from anterior

margin midway to posterior margin ; sternopleura reddish ;
postnotum

glossy black. Abdomen entirely pale green, rarely yellowish at apex.

Legs pale yellowish or greenish, knees, apices of tibiae, and apices of

basal joint of fore tarsi narrowly blackened. Wings clear, veins yel-

low, the cross vein clear. Halteres yellow.

Antenna slightly longer than head and thorax combined
;
palpus

about twice as long as height of head ; eyes rather widely separated

above. Mesonotum much enlarged in front, obliterating the pronotum,

which is linear on the anterior surface of the mesonotum to the level

of the upper margin of head ; discal hairs of mesonotum and scutellum

not conspicuous. Abdomen slender, last 3 segments slightly widened;

surface hairs soft and pale, not very long; hypopygium as in Figure

4, Plate XXXIV. Legs slender ; fore tarsi without long hairs, basal



455

joint one third longer than tibia (80 : 60), second joint slightly longer

than third ; mid and hind legs with the hairs on femora and tibise

about equal to the diameter of the joints which bear them. Third vein

almost straight, costa reaching beyond the beginning of apical curve

;

cross vein at wing-middle ; cubitus forking slightly distad of the cross

vein.

Female.—Similar to the male in color except that the antennas have

only the apical joint fuscous and the legs have the black portions

rather broader, especially on the fore knees, where the bases of the

tibiae are rather broadly black.

The antennae are short, about equal in length to the palpi ; the body
is stouter than in the male, the abdomen particularly so, and the vena-

tion differs from that of the male in that the third vein is distinctly

curved.

Length: male, 4-5 mm.; female, 3-3.5 mm.
Illinois locality, Momence, July 17, 19 14. A series of five males

and four females taken at light by Mr. Hart.

Originally described from Ithaca, N. Y.
Early stages undescribed.

36. Chironomus aberrans Johannsen

Chironomus aherrans Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 1905, p. 221.

Chironomus fascipes Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 9, 1908, p. 145.

Female.—Yellow, with a slight greenish tinge. Head yellow, an-

tennae concolorous, palpi fuscous. Mesonotum with reddish vittae, the

spaces between them slightly whitish pollinose
;
postnotum blackish

brown. Basal 2-3 segments of abdomen greenish yellow, the others

blackish with pale posterior margins. Legs yellow, mid and hind
knees, apices of all tibiae and of the joints of fore tarsi narrowly
brown, apices of fore femora and bases of fore tibi'* broadly brown.
Wings clear, cross vein not infuscated.

Pronotum linear, not extending to upper margin of mesonotum,
the latter much produced above at anterior margin. Legs rather

stout, their surfaces with a few long hairs ; basal joint of fore tarsi

about a fourth longer than tibia (80:65). Cubitus forking very
slightly beyond cross vein.

Male.—Agrees with the female in color except that the abdomen
has only the apical three abdominal segments blackened.

The fore tarsi have no long hairs, and the hypopygium is very sim-
ilar to that of falla.v (PI. XXXIII, Fig. 7) except that the superior
process is considerably stouter and less distinctly curved.



456

Length, 5-6 mm.
I have seen a female specimen of this species, taken by Mr. Hart

at Cedar Lake, Indiana, July 17, 1914- This locality is very close to

the Illinois line, and it is extremely probable that the species occurs in

this state, though so far we have no record of it. A male in the col-

lection here was taken by Mr. Hart at Delavan Lake, Wis., September

6, 1892. Three females taken by A. C. Burrill at Madison, Wis., June

2-9, 1912, one of them on peonies, differ from the description given

here in being bright green with brown markings.

Originally described from Ithaca, N. Y., and from Pennsylvania,

Washington ' State, and New Jersey. Coquillett described fascipes

from New Jersey. I have seen a series of both sexes, submitted by

Mr. E. T. Cresson, from Pennsylvania.

Early stages undescribed.

37. Chironomus nigrovittatus, n. sp.

Male.—Bright green, shining. Head green; antennae brown,

scape shining black, plumes pale brown
;
palpi yellowish brown. Meso-

notum with very faint pruinescence, the vittae deep black ; sternopleura

and an irregular patch below wing-base blackened
;
postnotum yellow-

ish at base, blackened on dorsum. Abdomen fuscous-green. Legs

green, apices of fore femora, whole of fore tibiae, and fore tarsi from

before apex of basal joint brownish; mid and hind legs with black

apical tibial mark, and the apical joint of tarsi brown. Wings clear,

cross vein unclouded. Halteres green.

Frontal tubercles indistinguishable. Pronotum linear. Hypo-
pygium as in Figure 2, Plate XXXIV. Fore tarsi without long hairs,

basal joint nearly one half longer than fore tibias (25 : 17), apical joint

of mid and hind tarsi slightly broadened. Third vein ending distinctly

farther from apex of wing than does fourth; cross vein slightly before

middle of wing; cubitus forking very slightly beyond cross vein.

Female.—Similar to the male except in the usual sexual characters

and in having the abdominal segments with narrow pale posterior mar-

gins.

Length, 1.5-2.25 mm.
Type locality, St. Joseph, May 3, 1914 (J. R. Malloch). Para-

types from Berrien Springs, Mich., Julv 16, 1914. at light (C. A.

Hart).

A male specimen taken at South Haven, Mich., July 15, 19 14. at

light, by Mr. Hart, differs from the type form in having the vittae red-



457

dish brown and the abdomen grass-green darkened apically. In other

respects the agreement is perfect.

The early stages are unknown to me.

38. Chironomus harti, n. sp.

Female.—Head brownish yellow; antennae yellow, scape and apical

joint brown; palpi brown. Thorax yellowish, opaque, vittse, greater

portion of sternopleura, and spot below wing-base brown, opaque, disc

of mesonotum with grayish pruinescence between the vittse
;
postnotum

blackish brown. Abdomen blackish brown, opaque, posterior margins

of segments narrowly pale. Legs whitish yellow, apices of mid and
hind tibiae narrowly brown; apices of tarsi slightly browned. Wings
clear, veins pale yellowish; cross vein not infuscated. Halteres whit-

ish yellow. Body hairs pale brown.

Frontal tubercles absent. Pronotum linear. Legs rather stout

basal joint of fore tarsi about a ninth longer than fore tibiae (21 : 19)
mid and hind legs with moderately long hairs ; empodia small, pulvilli

indistinguishable ; apices of hind tibije with the normal comb. Third
vein ending slightly farther in front of apex of wing than fourth does

behind it; cross vein distinctly, but not greatly, before wing-middle;

cubitus forking distinctly beyond cross vein, its posterior branch form-
ing a rather obtuse angle with the anterior one, so that its apex is

almost in line with apex of basal third of anterior branch.

Length, i mm.
Tvpe localitv, Urbana, III, September 5, 1914, at light in city (C.

A. Hkrtand J. R. Malloch).

Named in honor of my colleague, Charles A. Hart.

Early stages and male unknown.

39. Chironomus viridicollis Van der Wulp

Chironomus viridicollis Van der Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent., Vol. 2, 1858, p. 161.

Larva.—Length, 8-10 mm. Blood-red. Head yellowish, about a

third longer than broad, posterior margin, anterior margin of labium,

teeth of mandibles, and the eye spots blackish brown: disc of ventral

surface brownish; labial plate (PI. XXIX, Fig. 10) similar to that of
decants, the central tooth rounded ; mandible with 4 teeth, including

the apical one, on inner ventral surface, and one much paler in color

and distinctly smaller on the dorsal surface at base of apical tooth;

labial papillae similar to those of teiifaus ( ?) ; basal antennal joint stout,

its length nearly equal to that of mandible and four times its own diam-
eter, sensory organ about one fourth from base ; second joint about



458

equal in length to two thirds the apical diameter of basal joint ; third

about one fourth as long as second and half as long as fourth, fifth

acute apically, about as long as third ; apical unjointed appendage of

basal joint extending almost to apex of fifth joint; dorsal surface of

head with long slender hairs, situated as follows : four on labrum, one

slightly in front of each antenna near suture of median sclerite, one

on posterior outer surface of the raised base of antenna, one on each

side of median sclerite at the point where the sutures begin to converge

anteriorly, one on each side of same sclerite where the sutures begin to

converge posteriorly, and three on each lateral sclerite, two of which

are almost in transverse line with the posterior pair on median sclerite

and the other slightly posterior to the anterior pair on that sclerite ; and
in addition to these hairs there are the usual two long ones close to eye

spots on each lateral margin ; ventral surface with four hairs, one on
each side at base of labial plate almost in longitudinal line with outer

labial tooth and the other about one third of the distance from the an-

terior pair to the posterior margin of head and considerably nearer to

median line ; ventral respiratory organs present on penultimate abdom-
inal segment; dorsal tufts consisting of six hairs.

Pupa.—Length, 6-8 mm. Brownish yellow, margins of wing
pads, appendages of thorax, lateral margins of abdominal segments

and of apical appendages blackened. Thoracic respiratory organs end-

ing in numerous white filaments ; frontal tubercles as in decorus ( PI.

XXXI, Fig. 12) ; dorsum of thorax with closely placed scalelike

setulse ; first dorsal abdominal segment without setulje, several weak
hairs on the surface ; segments 2-6 with disc, except the lateral marg-
ins, covered with distinct setulae which are slightly larger and more
closely placed posteriorly; seventh segment with a few much weaker
setulse, in groups of 2 or 3, on anterior half ; eighth segment with weak
setulae on lateral margins extending nearly to median line posteriorly

;

all segments with several weak hairs; lateral margins of segments each
with four or five long hairs, those on eighth segment most distinct

;

apical lateral appendage of eighth segment as in decorus (PI. XXXI,
Fig. 3) ; apical abdominal appendage with fringe of long flattened

hairs.

Imago; Male.—Yellowish green, shining. Head yellow, antennae

fuscous, scape shining black, base of flagellum yellowish; palpi fus-

cous; antennal plumes blackish. Mesonotum with the vittae shining

black; sternopleura, a spot in front of wing-base, and postnotum black-

ish. Abdomen blackish green, posterior lateral angles of segments
broadly yellowish, the yellow parts with distinct whitish pruinescence.

Legs greenish yellow, mid and hind coxae, apices of fore femora, bases



459

of all tibire, apices of fore tibia;, almost the entire fore tarsi, the last

3-4 joints of mid and hind tarsi, and the narrow apices of mid and

hind tibiffi brownish. Wings clear, veins yellowish, cross vein in-

fuscated. Halteres yellow.

Frontal tubercles distinct; antenna slightly longer than head and

thorax combined. Hypopygium similar to that of decorus (PI.

XXXIII, Fig. 11). Legs slender; fore tarsi without long hairs, basal

joint less than one half longer than fore tibiae (90 : 65) ; mid and hind

legs with moderately long hairs. Third and fourth veins ending about

an equal distance from apex of wing; cubitus forking almost below

cross vein.

Female.—Agrees with the male in color.

Length, 7-8 mm.
Illinois localities: Champaign, Urbana, Chicago (Thirty-ninth

Street Pumping Station), Havana, and various points on the Illinois

River as far north as Marseilles, above the dam, April, June, and No-
vember.

This European species has been reported from New Jersey

(Johnson) and from Ithaca, N. Y. (Johannsen). I have seen speci-

mens from Pennsylvania and Maryland.

The larvse of inridicollis were found in the reservoir for the supply

of the city water of Champaign, 111., by the writer December 29, 1914.

They were nearly full-grown at that time, although several specimens

were found whose size would have indicated probably but six or

seven days' growth under normal summer conditions. It is possible

that these small specimens were retarded in growth by the advent of

cold weather, though it is not impossible that they were the result of

paedogenesis, which occurs in allied genera. The absence of oxygen or

its comparative scarcity in water obtained from deep wells can have

little or no detrimental effect upon larvae of this species or its allies,

since they are found at great depths in lakes where there is scarcely

any oxygen ; and the presence of algae and diatoms in wells, even of

considerable depth, secures to the larvae an abundance of their prin-

cipal food. It being practicably impossible to prevent these insects from

obtaining access to reservoirs and wells, measures must be taken

periodically for their reduction or extermination. This is a difficult

problem in the case of large reservoirs, and it is still more difficult to

protect wells. Here the introduction of certain species of fish may be

a successful measure—a course not possible, however, where large

quantities of water are drawn off by pipes, even if these have perfo-

rated caps, since very small fish would, notwithstanding, pass into the

pipes and cause more trouble than the chironomids.



Larvae that were brought to the laboratory from the reservoir for

the supply of city water to Champaign, were subjected to a test by
means of freezing. Specimens that were placed in a shallow dish con-

taining but a small quantity of water were frozen solid by exposure

over night and never recovered, while those that were put in a larger

container, and were therefore not so completely frozen, survived in the

great majority of cases. This test was made in order to ascertain

whether, like many larvae and pupae of other orders, this species could

withstand freezing, and the conclusion, though based on rather meager
data, was that the larvae could not survive complete freezing. It seems
possible, then, where two tanks are available for alternate use, to rid

city drinking-water of these larvae in cold winter weather by drawing
off all the water from the infested tank, and not replenishing it for five

or six days. As the larvae invariably live in cases fastened to the sides

of the reservoirs or burrow in whatever detritus may be on the bottom,

and are seldom found free in the water, probably but few would be

drawn off in the operation of emptying the reservoir. The same ex-

pedient of emptying reservoirs, alternating between tanks every five or

six days, would, I am sure, in summer prevent the species from breed-

ing in these receptacles. Imagines of the species which have been ob-

tained from the city water here are of general occurrence throughout
the year from April to December, their life cycle in summer occupying
about thirty days. As from four to six days are passed in the egg
stage, if a reservoir were emptied often during the warmer period of

the year, allowing the inside to become thoroughly dry and thus

destroying the eggs and killing the larv«, it is possible that the species

could be exterminated where two tanks are available for alternate use.

It is, however, necessary to indicate that the same species may occur
in almost any body of water, clean or polluted, and, in the imaginal
stage, travels for considerable distances, accordingly, measures for

protection in order to be successful must be carried on without inter-

mission during the breeding period. From the first of December to

the last of March danger of infestation is remote in this latitude ex-

cept in unusually mild seasons.

The presence of larvae of Chironomidce in water affords no crite-

rion by which to judge of its purity or impurity. They may be found
in water that is perfectly safe for drinking purposes, since it usually

contains sufficient minute vegetable organisms for their food ; and,
finding this, they seem to thrive also in water which is absolutely unfit

to drink. The presence of larvae in any body of water simply signifies

that it affords them suitable conditions for life and growth.



In this connection it is interesting to note that larvae of viridicollis

and decorus, which are blood-red and possess four long ventral respir-

atory organs, lohifcrus, which is blood-red and possesses two verj-

short ventral respiratory organs, and Protenthcs culiciformis, which is

whitish and has no ventral respiratory organs, were all commonly

represented in collections made in the Illinois River both in the por-

tions where the water is polluted by the Chicago sewage and where it

is comparatively clean.

Various biological observations, and inferences and conclusions

based on them, have been published from time to time concerning this

insect and allied species, and two accounts of the latter class are now
brieflv referred to in connection with kindred observations, offsetting

facts, and, in some cases, independent judgments of my own.

A. B. Gahan has reported the occurrence of the larvae of Chiron-

omus dorsalis Meigen in a twenty-five-foot well, containing four or

five feet of water, at College Park, Md., during October and Novem-
ber*.

Larvae captured from this well were placed in two beakers of the

well water, one containing the clear water, the other having placed in

it a little clay silt from the bottom of the well. Both lots of larvae sank

straight to the bottom of the beakers. Those in the clear water are re-

ported as thriving during the confinement. Concerning the others he

says: "Somewhat to my surprise, it was soon evident that those in

the beaker containing the clay were not prospering. Their constant

wriggling tended to draw them down into the mud, from which they

were unable to extricate themselves. At first it was thought that the

larvae were attempting to conceal themselves, but it soon became evi-

dent that this was not the case. The following morning all except

three or four of those in this beaker were found to be dead, having ap-

parently succumbed to suffocation."

Observations made by the writer differ from the above in that the

observed larvae in almost every case burrowed into the mud or other

matter in the bottles or other receptacles in which they were kept. Ex-
perimental borings have proven that some of the "blood-worms" will

burrow twelve inches or more into the soft mud at the bottom of lakes

connected with the Illinois River; and borings made in 1914 in the

presence of the writer revealed larvje at a depth of eight inches in the

bottom of one of these lakes (Thompson's) near Havana.
Gahan states, following Miall, that the larva of dorsalis is one that

is adapted to living in deep water, and that this is the reason why it

was brought up by the pump, the screen of the latter being near the

•Proe. Ent. Soe. Wash., A'ol. 14, 1912, p. 102.



462

bottom of the well. That these larvae, having haemoglobin in the

blood, are, by its presence, adapted to living in deep water is a gener-

ally accepted view, but one difficult to reconcile with the fact that as-

sociated with these larvae at great depths, and under anaerobic condi-

tions are to be found larvae of other species which presumably have no
haemoglobin in the blood since they are either whitish or greenish in

color instead of red. It is also well known to students of the group

that many of the blood-red species occur in puddles and shallow pools

and streams. In commenting on Mr. Gahan's report "Dr. Dyar said

that the presence of the larvae in the well was probably induced by the

wooden walls, which would furnish food. He thought no larvae

would be found in the wells entirely lined with stone, as is ordinarily

the case."* As previously stated, the larvae of this group of species

live upon algae and diatoms, and occur in wells or reservoirs the sides

of which are of stone or concrete.

A. C. Burrill has referred to the "green specks" exuded by imag-

inal Chironomidcc, and raises the question as to whether the color of

these is due to their having fed upon green algal matter in the "pre-

pupal" stage, f It may be pertinent to indicate that imagines of all orders,

as far as is known to the writer, after attaining full e.Kpansion of wings

and a degree of maturity that enables them to take flight, exude a cer-

tain amount of fluid that as a general rule partakes of the same gen-

eral color as the insect. Students of Lepidoptera in particular must be

well aware of this fact, and know that while in some species the color

of the fluid is red in others it is white, or even greenish. The well-

known reports of "showers of blood" in the Mediterranean region

have been traced to the simultaneous emergence of large numbers of

Vanessidcc, and other Lepidoptera, following a shower of rain which
provided the required conditions for that emergence. It is thus not

only a probability but a fact that the green specks referred to by Bur-
rill partake of this same nature. In the case of the specimens reared

by the writer from the city water of Champaign the green exudations

were very pronounced, though green algae could have formed but a

very small portion, if any, of the food of the larvae.

An attempt was made by the writer to ascertain how long the

imagines of viridicollis would live under laboratory conditions. Upon
emergence the imagines were placed in one-ounce bottles, which were
corked and laid close to a window where they would be least subject to

the indoor conditions. The room was kept, by means of automatic

heaters, at a fairly even temperature of 70 to 75 degrees F., but the

*Loo. cit, pp. 104-105.

tBull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Vol. X, 1913, p. 139.



463

air in the bottles must have averaged very considerably less as the

glass remained uniformly cold, and the probable temperature must

have been 60 degrees or less. The conditions under which the imag-

ines were confined were, of course, not natural, but indicate that the

length of life under more advantageous conditions may be even longer

than in this laboratory test and make it reasonably certain that it ex-

ceeds one to two days, as has been stated by various writers. A male

that emerged and failed to leave the water was allowed to lie on the

surface for twenty-four hours, at the end of which time it was still

alive.

The duration of life of the eleven imagines that were confined in

the bottles is appended.

Emerged Jan. 14, 1 female, 1 male; female died Jan. 21, evening, male, Jan. 22,

evening.
Emerged Jan. 15, 1 female ; died Jan. 25, evening.

Emerged Jan. 16, 2 females; died Jan. 25, evening.

Emerged Jan. 17, 2 males; one died Jan. 26, morning, the other Jan. 27, noon.

Emerged Jan. 18, 1 male, 1 female; both died Jan. 28, male, morning, female,

evening.

Emerged Jan. 19, 1 male, 1 female; both died Jan. 27, morning.

The above record indicates an average duration of life of nine and

a half days.

A female which emerged February 3 was left on the glass side of

the aquarium for the purpose of ascertaining whether the difference

between the air in this situation and that contained in the bottles used

in the other experiment would make any difference in the length of life

of the adult. The space between the water in the aquarium and the single

sheet of writing paper with which the latter was covered was about

two inches. This paper cover was laid loose on top, being held in posi-

tion by a small note-pad which did not cover the entire area of the

aquarium. Despite the fact that on the 7th, 8th, and 9th of February

the specimen was found struggling on the surface of the water and
had to be removed therefrom and placed on the dry surface of the

aquarium—thus probably shortening its life—it lived until the evening

of February 11, or slightly over eight days. On the 7th of the month
eggs were deposited in the water. The form of the mass was tubular,

the entire tube being about 12 mm. in length and nearly 2 mm. in

diameter. Only the lower 6 mm. of the tube contained eggs, which
were arranged in regular circles. The computed number of eggs was
slightly over 450. The apex of the tube was attached to a small piece

of floating detritus. The eggs were preserved in alcohol four days

after they were laid.



464

40. Chironomus dimorphus, n. sp.

Male.—Thorax greenish yellow, abdomen black. Head yellow;

scape of antennje yellow, flagellum and plumes fuscous ; palpi reddish

or brownish. Mesonotum opaque, the disc slightly pruinescent ; vittse

reddish or reddish brown
;
postnotum blackish brown, paler at base.

Abdomen fuscous, shining ; anterior lateral angles of segments usually

with an elongate longitudinal yellow streak. Legs pale straw-colored,

last tarsal joint generally brownish. Wings clear, veins yellow, cross

vein unclouded. Halteres yellow.

Frontal tubercles indistinguishable; antennae about one and a half

times as long as head and thorax together
;
pronotum linear on upper

half. Hypopygium as in Figures ii, 12, Plate XXXIV. Legs long

and slender; fore tarsi without long hairs, basal joint about one fifth

longer than fore tibije (60:50) ; mid and hind legs with moderately
long hairs; basal joint of hind tarsi a fourth shorter than hind tibiae

and less than twice as long as second joint (65, 52, 30). Wings
slender, third and fourth veins ending at equal distances from apex
of wing; cubitus forking almost directly below cross vein.

Female.—Fuscous or black. Head dull yellow; antennae pale

yellow, apical joint and palpi brownish. Thorax with slight whitish

pruinescence between vittae, opaque black except on vittae, which are

slightly shining; scutellum black. Abdomen black, shining, poste-

rior margins of segments sometimes narrowly yellow. Legs yellow.

Differs from the male in having the wings broader and in the

usual sexual characters.

Length, 6-7 mm.
Type locality, Carbondale, 111., April 23, 1914, taken on bank of

Crab Orchard Creek (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch)
;

paratypes

taken by the same collectors in the following Illinois localities : Du-
bois, Monticello, and Muncie on dates in April, May, and June, the

latest date being for the specimen taken at Monticello. A single

paratype from Hummer's Island, Md., August, 1907, is in the col-

lection of the U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey (W. L. McAtee).
It is labeled (by Coquillett) "? jucundus Walker," but Walker's de-

scription, though very brief, obviously can not apply to the present

species.

I have examined a large number of specimens of this species

taken by A. C. Burrill at Madison, Wisconsin, June, 1912. Many
of the males bear labels to the effect that they were taken from
swarms flying at 7 : 45 and 7 : 50 p. m.

This is probably the species identified as albistria Walker by Jo-

hannsen. As Walker's description of legs does not agree with that



465

of dimorphus and is altogether lacking in several important details,

I do not consider that his species described from "St. Martins Falls,

Albany River, Hudson's Bay," can possibly be the same as the Illi-

nois species.

41. Chironomus abortivus, n. sp.

Male.—Pale green, slightly shining. Head yellowish; flagellum

of antennse fuscous, yellowish basally; antennal plumes yellowish

brown; palpi yellow. Mesonotum with reddish yellow vittse; pleu-

rae mostly suffused with yellowish red; postnotum reddish. Abdo-
men without distinct dark marks. Legs greenish yellow; apices of

tibiae narrowly blackened; apices of basal two joints of fore tarsi

and whole of apical three blackened; mid and hind tarsi blackened

from near apex of third joint to tips. Wings clear, veins pale yel-

low, cross vein not infuscated. Halteres greenish yellow.

Frontal tubercles indistinguishable. Hypopygium as in Figure 9,

Plate XXXIV. Fore tarsi without long hairs, basal joint more than

a third longer than fore tibiae (50:35) ; mid and hind legs with long

hairs. Third vein ending at about the same distance in front of apex

of wing as fourth does behind same; cubitus forking very slightly

beyond cross vein.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the antennae generally

yellow except the last joint, which is fuscous, and in the usual sex-

ual characters.

Length, 4-5 mm.
Type locality, Urbana, 111., September 5, at light; paratypes from

Havana, III, April 28, on bank of the Illinois River,—all taken by
Mr. Hart and the writer in 19 14. A female specimen was taken at

South Haven, Mich., July 15, 1914, at light, by Mr. Hart. This

specimen is rather larger than the females from the other localities

mentioned, and has the apices of the fore tibiae less conspicuously

blackened, but is obviously the same species. Specimens that agree

with the type have also been seen by me from INIendota Lake, Wis.,

June 8, 1912 (A. C. Burrill).

42. Chironomus fuscivextris, n. sp.

Male.—Reddish yellow, slightly shining. Head yellow, flagel-

lum of antennae, except the extreme base, and plumes pale fuscous;

palpi reddish yellow. Mesonotum with rather indistinct reddish vit-

tae; postnotum brown. Abdomen fuscous, anterior lateral angles

of segments yellow. Legs pale yellow, apical tarsal joint brownish.

Wings clear, veins yellow, cross vein not infuscated. Halteres yellow.



466

Antennae elongate, over one and a half times as long as head and
thorax combined; frontal tubercles indistinguishable; palpi slender,

distinctly longer than height of head. Pronotum linear on upper half.

Hypopygium as in Figure i, Plate XXXVI, with three pairs of proc-

esses in addition to the lateral arms as in species of Tanytarsiis.

Legs slender; fore tarsi without long hairs; proportions of fore tibiae

and joints of fore tarsi as follows: 46, 65, 44, 34, 28, 10; mid and
hind legs with long pale hairs. Third and fourth veins ending respec-

tively about equal distances before and behind apex ; cross vein slightly

before middle of wing; cubitus forking slightly beyond cross vein.

Length, 5 mm.
Type locality, Delavan Lake, Wis., September 9, 1892 (C. A.

Hart).

This species very closely resembles certain species in the genus
Tanytarsiis, especially obediens and its allies, and this is particularly

noticeable in the structure of the hypopygium, which is quite similar

in form to that of most of the species of Tanytarsiis. I have been
unable to distinguish on the wings of the type specimen any surface

hairs whatever, and therefore retain it in Chironomits, though fresh

specimens may ultimately show that it belongs to Tanytarsiis.

Subsection 2

Fore tarsi with hasal joint distinctly more
than 1.5 as long as fore iibice

43. Chironomus fuscicornis, n. sp.

Male.—Blackish brown, shining. Head dark brown, face yellow-

ish ; antennae fuscous ; basal joint of flagellum yellow, plumes fuscous

;

palpi dark brown. Thorax glossy brown, yellowish betvifeen the vittae

and on posterior half between the lateral vittae except a small triangu-

lar area in front of scutellum which is usually connected with the me-
dian vitta by a fine line ; the pale portions with light pruinescence. Pos-

terior margins of abdominal segments 1-5 pale yellowish, the pale

color generally carried forward some distance on the lateral margins

;

apical portion of lateral arms of hypopygium yellowish. Legs yellow,

mid and hind coxae slightly brownish, fore tibiae, fore tarsi, and apices

of mid and hind tarsi tawny ; the usual black comb at apices of mid and
hind tibiae. Wings clear, veins yellow, cross vein not infuscated.

Halteres yellow.

Frontal tubercles absent; apical palpal joint longest, relative pro-

portions of the apical three joints as follows : 65. 40, 45. Pronotum



467

distinct, though linear above, extending nearly to upper margin of

mesonotum. Hypopygium as in Figure lo, Plate XXXIV. Fore

tarsi without long hairs; basal joint more than half as long again as

fore tibiae (80: 50) ; mid and hind legs with very long hairs. Third

vein ends as far in front of apex of wing as fourth does behind same;

cubitus forking slightly beyond cross vein ; first and third veins very

hairy.

Female.—Differs from the male in being darker, in having the

antennae vellow, the abdomen with narrow pale margins to all the seg-

ments, and in having the halteres yellowish brown.

The mid and hind legs have the hairs much shorter than those of

the male.

Length, 4.5-5 mm.
Type locality, Havana, 111., June 15, 1914. Taken by the writer

upon laboratory of the Biological Station. Paratypes from Berrien

Springs, Mich., July 16, 1914 (C. A. Hart), and Plummer's Island,

j\Id., July-August, 1912 (W. L. McAtee)—the latter in collection of

the U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D. C.

44. Chironomus halter.^lis Coquillett

Chironomus halteralis Coquillett, Ent. News, Vol. 12, 1901, p. 17.

Male.—Shining blackish brown or black. Head, including an-

tennae and their plumes, fuscous. Ground color of thorax rather vari-

able, varying from pale brown with dark brown vittae to dark brown
with black vitt^e, the spaces between vitts grayish pruinescent ; scutel-

lum varying from dull yellow to brown. Abdomen entirely black.

Legs yellow, mid and hind coxae brownish, bases of fore and mid
femora sometimes faintly brownish. Wings clear, veins yellow, cross

vein not infuscated. Halteres yellow, knob black. Hairs on body and
legs yellow.

Frontal tubercles absent. Pronotum linear on upper half. Hypo-
pygium as in Figure 15, Plate XXXIV. Fore tarsi without long hairs,

basal joint nearly twice as long as fore tibiae (40: 22). Cubitus fork-

ing distinctly but not greatly beyond cross vein.

Female.—Agrees with the male in color.

Length, 2-3 mm.
Illinois localities: Spoon River, near Havana, September 16, 1895

(C. A. Hart) ; Urbana, September 5, at light, Monticello, June 21 and

28, and Muncie, May 24, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Originally described from Washington, D. C, and subsequently

recorded from Ithaca, N. Y. I have seen specimens from Plummer's



468

Island, Md. (May, July, and August), from Currituck, N. C. (Sep-
tember 9), and from Graham Mountain, Ariz. (May, 1914), all in the

collection of the U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey; also specimens
from Cedar Lake, Ind., July 17, 1914 (C. A. Hart), and from Wingra
Lake, Wis., August 8, 1913, at light (A. C. Burrill).

The early stages are undescribed.

45. Chironomus nitidellus Coquillett

Chironomus nitidellus Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, 1901, p. 608.

Male.—Glossy black. Head brownish, face and palpi yellow;

scape of antennae glossy black, flagellum and plumes yellowish brown.
Thorax highly glossy, black, disc without traces of pruinescence ; sc'u-

tellum brownish
; postnotum glossy black. Abdomen glossy black, yel-

lowish at base ; hypopygium brownish. Legs yellow, coxae, femora ex-

cept bases, the entire fore tibije and narrow apices of mid and hind
pairs deep black ; tarsi brownish apically, fore pair blackened from
before apex of basal joint. Wings clear, veins brown. Halteres
whitish.

Frontal tubercles absent; antennae over 1.5 times as long as head
and thorax together; palpi much longer than height of head. Disc of
mesonotum almost bare. Hypopygium almost identical with that of

Tanytarsus obediens (PI. XXXVL Fig. 9). Legs slender; fore tarsi

bare, basal joint about one fifth longer than fore tibiae (51 : 40) ; mid
and hind legs with rather short hairs. Third vein ending about as far

in front of apex of wing as fourth does behind it ; cubitus forking
slightly beyond cross vein.

Female.—Agrees in color with male, except that the pale color at

base of abdomen is not so noticeable.

Length, 2.5-3 "^"i-

Locality, Berrien Springs, Mich., July 16, 1914 (C. A. Hart).
This species has not been taken in Illinois as far as I am aware, but
one may safely assume from its occurrence in the above locality that

it very probably occurs in this state.

Originally described from Riverton, N. J., and not subsequently
recorded. I have seen specimens, submitted by Mr. Cresson from
Swarthmore, Pa., and from Delaware.

46. Chironomus griseus, n. sp.

Male.—Black. Head brown; face yellowish; antennae fuscous,

the plumes silvery gray. Thorax covered with pale gray pruinescence.



opaque. Abdomen slightly shining, the segments slightly gray prui-

nescent on posterior margins; hypopygium brown. Legs obscurely

brownish, darker at apices of femora and at apices and bases of tibis

;

the latter except their extremities and the basal joints of the tarsi

whitish yellow. Wings vitreous, veins colorless. Halteres yellow.

Hairs on body and legs white.

Apical joint of palpi not longer than the preceding one. Pronotum
rather broad throughout its entire length, reaching almost to upper

margin of mesonotum. Hypopygium as in Figure 3, Plate XXX\' I.

Legs of only moderate length, fore tarsi with long hairs, basal

joint about two thirds longer than fore tibia (50: 30), mid and hind

legs with long hairs. Third and fourth veins ending as in Figure 15,

Plate XXXIX, cubitus forking almost directly below cross vein.

Length, 4.5 mm.
Type locality. South Haven, Mich., July 14-15, 1914 (C. A.

Hart). One specimen taken at light and another swept from vegeta-

tion on the shore of Lake Michigan.

Female and early stages unknown.

47. Chironomus maturus Johannsen

Chirononvus maturus Johannsen, Bull. 124, X. Y. State Mus., 190S, p. 279.

Male.—Differs from the preceding species in having the antennal

plumes brown, the mesonotum with three shining black vittae, the scu-

tellum yellowish, the abdominal segments yellow on their apical fourth

in addition to the whitish pruinescence, the legs more uniformly

brownish yellow, the wings slightly grayish, and the veins brown.

Frontal tubercles distinct; apical joint of palpi distinctly longer

than preapical. Pronotum linear on upper half. Hypopygium as in

tttaheii^is. Figure 6, Plate XXX\'ni. Legs long and slender. (The
males before me have lost the fore tarsi. See under female.) Third

and fourth veins ending as shown in Figure 10, Plate XXXIX ; cubitus

forking very slightly beyond cross vein.

Female.—Agrees in color with the male. Fore tibiae and tarsi as

in griseus, but the basal joint comparatively longer (90 : 57). Differs

from male in having wings comparatively broader.

Length, 7-8 mm.
Illinois localitv, Lilly, on the banks of the Mackinaw River. June

II, 1914 (C. A. Hart).'

Originally described from Ithaca, N. Y. I have one specimen of

each sex, submitted by Professor Johannsen from the type locality.

Early stages undescribed.



470

48. Chironomus festivus Say

Chironomus festivus Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. 3, p. 13, sp. 2. 1823.

Chironomus lineatus Say, ibid., p. 14, sp. 5.

Chironomus lineola Wiedemann, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1, 1828, p. 17,

sp. 6.

Male.—Bright green, shining. Antennae and their plumes yellow,

flagellum except the base fuscous
;
palpi and face yellow. Mesonotum

with three reddish vittje ; sternopleura and postnotum reddish. Abdo-
men bright green, the apices of segments 2-6 narrowly blackened on
center. Legs reddish yellow. Wings clear, cross vein not infuscated

or very slightly so. Body hairs yellow.

Antenna about one and a half times as long as head and thorax to-

gether, antepenultimate joint of palpi as long as the next two joints

together, ultimate joint slightly shorter than penultimate. Pronotum
continuous to upper level of mesonotum, linear on upper half.

Thoracic hairs normal. Second segment of abdomen with a slight

ridgelike apex ; segments 3-5 almost invariably with two small wartlike

protuberances in the black portion close to apical margin, one on each

side of the median line, and slightly cephalad of these, and much
closer together, two small smooth areas which may be sensory organs
but have the appearance of hair sockets ; sixth segment with a slight

central apical callosity; hypopygium (PI. XXXIII, Fig. 14) with the

dorsal process black, glossy, the apical portion of the lateral arm dis-

tinctly longer than the basal. Legs rather stout, basal joint of fore

tarsi two thirds longer than tibia ( 105 : 65), outer surface of fore tarsi

from middle of basal joint to middle of fourth with very long hairs

;

mid and hind legs with long surface hairs; apices of mid and hind
femora with a brown flattened scalelike process on the anterior surface

which projects slightly beyond apex. Wings narrow; cross vein be-

yond middle of wing ; cubitus forking very slightly beyond cross vein.

female.—Similar to the male in col©r except that only the apex of

the flagellum is fuscous, that there is a blackish brown median line on
central portion of the mesonotum in addition to the reddish vittte, and
that the fore tibiae, fore tarsi from middle of basal joint, and the apices

of the other tarsi are brown. The fore tarsi have no long hairs, the

apical process on mid and hind femora is rather stouter than in the

male, and the abdomen has not wartlike processes at apices of seg-

ments.

Length, 8-9 mm.
Illinois localities : St. Joseph, Monticello, Lilly, Kampsville, and

Havana, dates ranging from June 2 to August 21.



471

Say's description of fesHvus gives the length of the female as 7/20
of an inch (9 mm.), but the description is obviously that of a male,

since no female has the fore tarsi hairy. With regard to locality he

merely says: "Observed particularly in Illinois." Lineatiis v.-as de-

scribed from Pennsylvania. The female has been recorded under the

name lincola as occurring in New Jersey. Mr. Hart captured a large

number of specimens, mostly females, at Berrien Springs, Mich., and

one female, at light, at Niles, Mich., July 13 and 16, 1914.

Early stages undescribed.

49. Chironomus dorneri, n. sp.

Female.—Yellow, glossy. Head brownish yellow ; antennae yel-

low; apical joint fuscous; palpi yellow. Mesonotum with the vittse

reddish, a large wedge-shaped mark on median vitta, the sharp extrem-

ity of which is directed caudad, and the outer half of each of the lat-

eral vittje black. Abdomen with basal segment brownish, the re-

mainder missing in type. Legs bright reddish yellow, apices of fore

femora, fore tibiae except an indistinct patch beyond middle, fore tarsi

from middle of basal joint, knee-joints of mid and hind legs, and apical

two tarsal joints of these legs blackish brown. Wings clear, veins yel-

low, cross vein darkened. Halteres yellow.

Frontal tubercles absent ; antennas with rather long hairs
;
palpi

longer than antennje. Pronotum very narrow, linear on upper half.

Legs long and slender; basal joint of fore tarsi about two thirds

longer than fore tibia; (102:60), the next three joints subequal in

length (40) ; apical comb of posterior tibiae produced in center in the

form of a spur. Third vein ending as far in front of apex of wing as

fourth ends behind it ; cubitus forking slightly beyond cross vein.

Length, 5 mm.
Type locality, Brownsville, Texas (G. Dorner).

Named in honor of the collector.

Early stages unknown.

50. Chironomus ilunoensis, n. sp.

Male.—Yellowish green. Head yellow ; antennae fuscous with the

exception of the scape and basal joint of flagellum, the plumes fuscous

;

palpi yellow. Mesonotum shining, the vittae brown, the lateral pair

generally distinctly darker than the median one
;
pleurae with a brown

longitudinal median stripe; scutellum yellow; postnotum brown, yel-

lowish at base. Abdomen more distinctly green than thorax, generally



472

retaining the color after death; apices of the first six segments dis-

tinctly browned or blackened. Legs yellow, the normal black comb at

apices of mid and hind tibiae. Hairs of body and legs yellow.

Frons without tubercles. Pronotum of moderate breadth on lower

portion, tapering rapidly and becoming obsolete some distance from
the upper margin of mesonotum. Hairs on mesonotum of moderate
length, rather sparse. Abdomen with long hairs ; hypopygium as in

Figure I, Plate XXXIV. Fore tarsi with short hairs, those on pos-

terior surface of third joint, and occasionally a few at apex of second,

very distinctly longer than the diameter of these joints; basal joint one
and two thirds times as long as tibia (45 : 27) ; mid and hind legs with

long hairs. Third vein ends almost at wing-tip ; cross vein not darker,

or very slightly so, than other veins ; cubitus forking beyond cross

vein.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the flagellum slightly

paler, and the apices of the abdominal segments without black.

The proportions of the fore tibia and basal joint of the fore tarsus

are the same as in the male, but the long hairs are absent. The wings
are broader and the cubitus forks much farther distad of the cross

vein.

Length, 2.5-5.5 mm.
Type locality, Carbondale, 111. Taken by sweeping vegetation

along bank of creek April 23, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch). A
single female was taken in the railroad depot at Golconda, 111., April

19, 1914.

Van decoloratus, n. var.

This variety differs from the type in color.

The mesonotum has but faint indications of vittse, and the apices

of the abdominal segments are very indistinctly darker than the re-

mainder of the segments, while the ground color throughout is yellow

instead of green, and the wing veins are pale yellow.

Type locality. Spoon River, near Havana, September, 19, 1895 (C-

A.Hart).
This may be a seasonal variety of somewhat similar nature to the

summer form of tentans.

51. Chironomus decorus Johannsen

Chironomus deconts, Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 1905, p. 239.

Larva.—Length, 10-12 mm. Blood-red. Head pale brown, apices

of mandibles and labial plate black ; eye spot duplicated, distinctly sep-



473

arated; labial plate as in tentans? (PI. XXIX, Fig. 9) ; ventral blood-

gills on eleventh segment, very long, four in number.

Pupa.—Length, 7-8 mm. Reddish. Frontal tubercles large (PI.

XXXI, Fig. 12). Thoracic respiratory organs white, consisting of

numerous hairlike filaments. Abdominal segments with the dorsum

covered with minute setae except on lateral and anterior margins and

on the apical half of the median line, the setee on apical two segments

indistinct; lateral apical process of eighth segment as in Figure 3,

Plate XXXI.
Imago; Male.—Greenish yellow, subopaque. Head yellow, antenna?

fuscous, scape and base of flagellum sometimes yellowish, plumes

bicolored, brown at base and on a space before apex, on the interven-

ing space and on apex yellow
;
palpi fuscous. Mesonotum with whit-

ish pruinescence, most distinct between vittse, the vitta; reddish; lower

half of sternopleura, a patch below wing-base, and postnotum reddish.

Abdomen green or greenish yellow, each segment with a narrow trans-

verse median brown band which rarely extends to the anterior margin.

Legs yellow, apices of tibiae and of tarsal joints narrowly brownish.

Wings clear, veins yellow, cross vein infuscated ; posterior branch of

cubitus slightly infuscated.

Frontal tubercles of moderate size. Hypopygium as in Figure 11.

Plate XXXIII. Fore tarsi bare, basal joint distinctly more than one

half longer than fore tibiae (80: 52) ; mid and hind legs with long

hairs. Venation as in serus.

Female.—Agrees with the male in color except that the abdominal

bands are generally broader and extend closer to the anterior margins

of the segments.

Length, 5.5-7 mm.
Illinois localities : Illinois River for a considerable distance north

and south of Havana; LTrbana, St. Joseph. Dubois, and Mt. Carmel,

on various dates in the months of April, May, June, September, and

October. This species often occurs at light. The larvae occur almost

as commonly in the Illinois River as do those of viridicollis. They
also occur almost everywhere in streams and ponds, and commonly
pass through the pipes conveying the household water-supply in cities

where the reservoirs are unprotected, as mentioned under znridicollis,

the appearance of the "blood-worms" often causing unnecessary

alarm. Probably the commonest species of the genus.

Originally described by Johannsen from material representing the

following states : New York, Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, \\"ashing-

ton, and Nebraska.



474

52. Chironomus flavus Johannsen

Chironomus flavus Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 190.5, p. 225.

Larva.—Johannsen describes the larva as being 6 to 7 mm. in

length, pale yellowish green, head brown. The labium is as in Figure

4, Plate XXIX, which is reproduced from Johannsen's figure.

Pupa.—Johannsen's description of the pupa gives the length as

3.5 to 4 mm. and the color as pale yellow with yellowish brown
thorax. The thoracic respiratory organs are of the normal form in

this genus. Abdominal segments 2-5 have each a transverse band of

short setae near the anterior margin and the disc covered with similar,

smaller setse enclosing several small circular clear spaces; the lateral

fin of the eighth segment "has the usual filaments, each fin terminating

in a toothed process, deep brown in color."

Imago; Male.—Similar to fiilvus. Differs in being much paler,

the abdomen and legs being entirely pale yellow. The fore tarsi differ

from those of fulvus in having the second joint distinctly longer than

the fore tibiae. In freshly emerged specimens of flavus and fulvus the

long hairs on the fore tarsi are readily seen, but in specimens that have
been on the wing for some time, or have been handled much, the hairs

are usually seen with difficulty or are entirely absent. The hvpopygium
is as in Figure 14, Plate XXXIV.

Female.—Similar to the male in color and in comparative lengths

of fore tibiae and tarsi.

Length, 2.5-3.5 mm.
Illinois localities : Havana, June ; Muncie, May 24 ; Monticello,

June 24; Urbana, June 18 and September 5; Momence, July 17,—all

in 1914. Momence and Urbana specimens taken at light, the others

swept from vegetation on the banks of rivers (C. A. Hart and J. R.

Malloch).

Originally described from Ithaca, N. Y. Specimens from the type

locality have been furnished me by Professor Johannsen.

53. Chironomus curtilamellatus, n. sp.

Male.—Pale yellowish green, subopaque. Head yellow; scape of

antennae reddish yellow, flagellum pale brown, plumes brownish at

apices, yellowish at bases. Mesonotum with faint indications of red-

dish vittae, pleural spots and postnotum reddish yellow. Abdomen
slightly browned on apical three segments. Legs pale yellow, fore

tibiae and tarsi and apices of mid and hind tibias slightly browned ; mid
and hind tibiae with brown apical comb. Wings clear, veins yellow,



475

cross vein not infuscated. Halteres pale yellow. Hairs on body and

legs pale yellow.

Antenna not much longer than head and thorax combined. Pro-

notum linear. Hypopygium with only a poorly developed inferior

process on inner surface of basal portion of lateral arm (PI. XL, Fig.

2). Legs slender; fore tarsi without long hairs, basal joint twice as

long as fore tibiae, proportions of fore tibiae and first and second tarsal

joints as 19, 40, and 22; mid and hind legs with rather short hairs;

pulvilli and empodia large. Third vein ending but little farther in

front of apex of wing than fourth does behind it ; cubitus forking \'ery

slightly beyond cross vein, the latter situated a little before wing-mid-

dle.

Length, 3 mm.
Type locality, South Haven, Mich., July 15, 19 14, at light (C. A.

Hart).

This species closely resembles flaviis, but differs in proportions of

basal joint of fore tarsi and in the form of the hypopygium.

The female and early stages are unknown.

54. Chironomus tenuicaudatus, n. sp.

Male.—Agrees in color with modestus. Differs noticeably from

both modestus and indistinctus in the structure of the hypopygium,

which is shown in Figure 12, Plate XXXHL In other respects agrees

with modestus.

Length, 3.5-4 mm.
Type locality, Havana, 111., April 27-28, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J.

R. Malloch). Paratypes, 19 14, St. Joseph, May 3, and Urbana, May
19, 20. Taken by the same collectors.

This may be the species designated by Johannsen as variety h of

modestus*. If so, the pupa differs from that of indistinctus in having

the lateral teeth absent from apex of eighth segment, while in other

respects agreeing with that species.

The early stages are unknown to me.

55. Chironomus neomodestus, n. sp.

This species differs from indistinctus in having the thorax opaque

brownish yellow with blackish gray vittse and very distinct gray prui-

nescence. The abdomen is fuscous. Otherwise as indistinctus.

•Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 1905,



476

The hypopygium resembles that of nwdcsfus in having the superior

process much dilated apically, though the inferior process is almost

identical with that of indistiiictus.

Length, 3—4 mm.
Type locality, St. Joseph, 111., May 3, 1914.

This species may readily be separated from inodestus and its

allies by the characters mentioned above, and from the other species in

Subsection 2 by the furcate inferior hypopygial process.

The early stages are unknown to me.

56. Chironomus modestus Say

Chironoimis modestus Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phil., Vol. 3, 1823, p. 13, sp. 3.

Larva.—Length, 6-7 mm. Yellowish. Antenna slender, basal

joint distinctly longer than the apical four joints together, second joint

as long as third and fourth ; labium with middle tooth undivided and

distinctly stouter than the first lateral; mandibles of the usual form,

with three teeth on ventral surface in addition to the long apical tooth.

Pupa.—Length 5-5.5 mm. Green. Thoracic respiratory organs

terminating in the usual white hairlike filaments. Second abdominal

segment with the normal apical transverse row of setulae, the posterior

two thirds of the surface with numerous short setulae which do not

extend to the lateral margins apically and gradually recede from them
towards base of segment; segments 3-6 with a similar discal patch,

enclosed in which are several rather indistinct rounded bare spots, and
in addition to the large patch and between it and bases of these seg-

ments there are two transversely elongate groups of setulae which in

some specimens unite on median line, forming a complete transverse

bar (PI. XXXL Fig. 10) ; apical lateral process of eighth segment as

in Figure 17, Plate XXXL
Imago; Male.—Grass-green, slightly shining. Head yellowish

green ; scape of antennae yellow, flagellum fuscous, the plumes brown-
ish. Mesonotum with pale reddish or yellowish vittae ; sternopleura,

mesopleura, and postnotum largely reddish or reddish yellow. Abdo-
men bright green, rarely darkened apically. Legs greenish or yellow-

ish, fore knees, narrow apices of fore tibiae, the whole of fore tarsi

from middle of the basal joint, and mid and hind tarsi from apex of

third joint to tips brown; mid and hind tibiae with the normal black

apical comb. Wings clear, veins yellow. Halteres yellow, green api-

cally.

Frontal tubercles indistinguishable. Pronotum rather broad, con-

tinued almost to upper margin of disc. Hypopygium as in Figure 8,



477

Plate XXXIV. Legs slender; fore tarsi bare, the basal joint two

thirds longer than the fore tibise (50:30) ; mid and hind legs rather

long, but not densely haired. Third vein ends as far before apex of

wing as fourth does behind it ; cubitus forks very slightly beyond cross

vein.

Length, 4.5 mm.
Illinois localities : Havana. April 28 to May 2, St. Joseph, May 3,

and Dubois, April 24, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Originally described by Say from Pennsylvania, and subsequently

recorded from New York and New Jersey. I have seen a specimen,

in rather poor condition, from Attica, Ind., Julv 12, 1914 (C. A.

Hart).

57. Chironomus indistinctus, n. sp.

Larva.—Undescribed. Color given as reddish by Johannsen.

Pupa.—Length, 3 mm. Greenish or yellowish. Transverse row
of setulse at apex of second segment not extending to lateral margins,

the setula; rather large and pale ; segments 3-6 with two approximated

pear-shaped groups of short setulje as in Figure 13. Plate XXXI, lat-

eral posterior process of eighth segment as in Figure 14.

Imago; Male.—Darker than modcstus, the thoracic vittse and post-

notum usually reddish, the abdomen often dark green or even fuscous,

the fore knees usually brownish, and the apices of fore tibi?e, of the

basal two tarsal joints, and the last three tarsal joints entirely, brown.

The cross vein of the wing is clear.

Basal joint of fore tarsi two thirds longer than fore tibiae. Hypo-
pvgium similar in general appearance to that of modestus, differing

principally in having the apical portion of the lateral arm more slender,

the superior process much less dilated at apex (PI. XXXIV, Fig. 6),

and the inferior process more rounded (Fig. 7).

Female.—Agrees in color with the male except that the abdomen
is generally paler.

Length, 2.5-3 mm.
Type locality, St. Joseph, 111., May 3. Swept from vegetation

along the bank of Salt Fork by Mr. Hart and the writer. Paratypes

from Havana, the same collectors, all in 1914.

Pupse were obtained by the writer from Thompson's Lake, near

Havana, April 27, 1914.

This is the species that Johannsen described briefly from New
York as variety a of modestus. He indicated that while the imagines

are very closely related the larvae and pupae are much more distinct



478

from each other. He does not describe the larva beyond stating that

the color is reddish.

58. Chironomus fulvus Johannsen

Cliironomus fuhnts Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 1905, p. 224.

Below, is Johannsen's description of a pupa supposed to be of this

species.

Pupa.—"This pupa had very much elongated respiratory organs,

nearly as long as the body, the main trunk flattened, slender, diminish-

ing in diameter toward the end, the apical end subdivided into three

or four branches. Each abdominal segment with a transverse row of

rather conspicuous spines near the posterior margin, and a number of

long setae, three or four pairs of which are laterals, one or two pairs

discals, and a marginal pair. . . . The lateral fin of the eighth segment
is provided with a somewhat sinuous yellow spur a little caudad of the

middle. The caudal fin is fringed with the usual flattened matted fila-

ments, those more caudad being longer and broader than the others."

Imago; Male.—Greenish yellow. Head yellow, flagellum of an-

tennae fuscous except at base, the plumes yellow. Mesonotum with

fulvous vittae ; scutellum greenish yellow ; postnotum fulvous. Abdo-
men green, becoming gradually infuscated from before middle to apex.

Legs greenish yellow; fore tibiae and tarsi brownish, the former
usually paler on middle; apices of mid and hind tarsi brownish. Wings
clear, veins yellow, cross vein not infuscated or very slightly so. Hairs

on body and legs yellow.

Frontal tubercles indistinguishable. Pronotum linear on upper

half. Hypopygium as in Figure 16, Plate XXXIV. Fore tarsi with

rather sparse long hairs, basal joint about one and three fourths as

long as fore tibise (60: 35), cubitus forking almost directly below the

cross vein.

Female.—Fulvous. Abdomen yellow, generally without any indi-

cation of green. Legs colored as in the male, but the brown more in-

tense and the fore tibia generally entirely brown.

Length, 3-S-4-5 mm-
Illinois localities : various places near Havana on the Illinois and

Spoon rivers; St. Joseph, Monticello, Urbana, and Muncie (C. A.

Hart and J. R. Malloch). Dates of occurrence range from April 23
to September 18; occasionally taken at light.

Originally described from the female only, obtained at Ithaca, N.
Y. I have before me two female specimens from the type locality,

submitted by Professor Johannsen. I have seen specimens from Niles



and South Haven, Mich., July 13 and 14, and from Cedar Lake, Ind.,

July 17, 1914 (C. A. Hart).

The description of the pupa of this species agrees fairly well with

that of Chironomus species C, given on page 529 of the present paper,

differing as indicated in notes under that species.

59. Chironomus parvilamellatus, n. sp.

Male.—Greenish yellow, slightly shining. Head yellowish, scape

of antennje black, shining, flagellum pale brown, plumes yellowish.

Mesonotum with dark brown vittse, the whole disc covered with slight

grayish pruinescence ; scutellum yellow; pleural spots and postnotum

dark brown. Abdomen green, almost entirely suffused with fuscous.

Legs greenish yellow, fore legs with the exception of the femora

brownish, becoming darker on tarsi, apices of mid and hind tarsi

browned. Wings clear, veins yellowish, cross vein very indistinctly

infuscated. Halteres yellow.

Antenna more than 1.5 times as long as head and thorax together.

Pronotum narrow, central excision indistinct. Hypopygium almost

the same as that of abbrcviatits (PI. XXXIV, Fig. 18), the apical por-

tion of the lateral arm comparatively shorter and stouter. Legs

slender, fore tarsi without long hairs, basal joint very slightly more
than 1.5 times as long as fore tibiae (57 : 36) ; mid and hind legs with

moderately long hairs
;
pulvilli and empodia distinct. Third vein end-

ing very slightly farther in front of apex of wing than fourth does be-

hind it ; cubitus forking distinctly, but not greatly, beyond cross vein.

Length, 4.5-5.5 mm.
Type locality. Grand Tower, 111., April 22, 1914, swept from vege-

tation on bank of Big Muddy River (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

This species bears a close resemblance to ahhrcziatus and fulviis,

but from the former it may be distinguished by its color and the ab-

sence of long hairs from the fore tarsi, and from fiilvus as indicated

in key. It differs from Johannsen's description of dux in having the

basal joint of fore tarsi one half longer than fore tibias instead of

about a third longer, the latter being the proportion given for dux.

60. Chironomus obscuratus, n. sp.

Male.—Bright green, slightly shining. Head green ; scape of an-

tennae yellow, flagellum fuscous, yellow at base, plumes brown, yellow-

ish white at bases; palpi green, brownish apically. Mesonotum with

reddish yellow vittae ; spots on sternopleura and below wing-base, and
the postnotum concolorous with vittae. Abdomen yellowish at apex,



480

including the hypopygium. Legs green, tibiae and tarsi yellowish, fore

tibise and tarsi and apices of mid and hind tarsi brownish. Wings
clear, veins yellowish, cross vein not darkened. Halteres green or yel-

lowish.

Frontal tubercles absent. Pronotum narrow. Hypopygium as in

Figure 5, Plate XXXIV. Legs slender; fore tarsi without long hairs,

basal joint about three fourths longer than fore tibise (78: 45), second
joint one eighth shorter than tibise (40) ; mid and hind legs with mod-
erately long hairs, their tibise with the apical combs produced into two
points, each point armed with a spur. Third and fourth veins ending
respectively at about the same distance before and behind apex of
wing ; cubitus forking distinctly, but not greatly, beyond cross vein.

Female.—Agrees in color with the male except that the fore tibiae

and tarsi are more distinctly browned.

Length, 5-6 mm.
Type locality, Dubois, 111., April 24, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R.

Malloch). Paratype from Lilly, III, June 11, 1914 (C. A. Hart).

61. Chironomus incognitus, n. sp.

Male.—Greenish yellow, opaque. Head yellow ; scape of antennse

shining black, flagellum pale brown, yellowish at base, plumes yellow-

ish brown; palpi fuscous. Thorax yellow; vittte, the greater part of

sternopleura, a spot below wing-base, and the postnotum grayish

black ; disc of mesonotum, including the vittse, covered with rather

dense yellowish gray pruinescence. Abdomen green, much suffused

with fuscous. Legs yellow, apices of fore femora and bases of fore

tibiae slightly suffused with brown, apices of all tibise narrowly brown,
apices of tarsi slightly browned. Wings clear, veins brown, cross vein

slightly infuscated. Hairs on legs yellow.

Antenna over 1.5 times as long as head and thorax together; palpi

slightly longer than height of head. Pronotum linear. Hypopygium
as in Figure i, Plate XL. Legs long and slender; fore tarsi with long
sparse hairs on posterior surfaces of second and third joints; basal

joint more than 1.5 times as long as fore tibise (54: 34) ; second joint

slightly longer than third ; mid and hind legs with moderately long,

sparse hairs; pulvilli and empodia large, the latter narrowly fringed.

Third and fourth veins ending respectively at about equal distances be-

fore and behind apex of wing; cubitus forking below cross vein.

Length, 4.5 mm.
Type locality, Muncie, 111., May 24, 1914, swept from vegetation

on bank of Stony Creek (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).



481

This species differs from prasinus Meigen, a European species re-

corded from North America, in having the basal joint of the fore tarsi

more than 1.5 times as long as the fore tibire ; in prasinus it is said to

be about 1.25 times longer.

Early stages and female unknown.

62. Chironomus similis Johannsen

Chironomus similis Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 1905, p. 236.

I have not seen the male of this speices, and refer to it only one
female, which differs from scnis in being smaller, 3 mm., and in hav-
ing the fore tarsi less distinctly elongated, the basal joint being about
one and two thirds times as long as the fore tibije.

Illinois localities: Chicago (Johannsen), and Dubois, April 24,

1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

The early stages are undescribed.

Professor Johannsen informs me that the type specimen of simi-

lis has been destroyed and that he has no other available for com-
parison. In this case the female described herewith may be accepted

as the neotype.

63. Chironomus cristatus Fabricius

Chironomus cristatus Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 1805, p. 39.

This species resembles dccorus in coloration and size, differing

in having the antennal plumes unicolorous, the vittse brown, and the

abdomen with broad brown fascise on the segments, which reach to

base of each and are produced posteriorly slightly along the median
line. The legs are much more distinctly marked with brown, the

knees, and especially the bases of the fore tibire being noticeably

browned. The basal joint of the fore tarsi is much more than one
half longer than fore tibije (87:55). In other respects as decorus.

Length, 7—8 mm.
Illinois locality, Easton, May i, 19 14 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Mal-

loch).

Johannsen has recorded this species from the following states

:

New York, Illinois, Washington, Kansas, Idaho, South Dakota, and
New Jersey.

The early stages are undescribed.

64. Chironomus serus, n. sp.

Male.—Yellowish green, opaque. Head yellow, antennae fuscous,

base of flagellum yellow, plumes bicolored, sometimes forming dis-



482

tinct annuli as in decorus; palpi fuscous. Mesonotum with pale

pruinescence, which gives it a whitish bloom, especially between the

vittse; vittae deep brown; sternopleura and a patch below wing-base

deep brown; postnotum blackish. Abdomen brownish black, postero-

lateral angles of segments yellow ; all segments with the apical third

whitish pruinescent. Legs greenish yellow, knees, almost the entire

fore tibise, apices of mid and hind tibiae, and apices of tarsal joints

blackened. Wings clear, cross vein infuscated. Halteres yellow,

sometimes blackened at apices.

Frontal tubercles small but distinct. Hypopygium similar to that

oi decants (Fig. ii, PI. XXXIII). Fore legs with the tarsi very

long and slender, proportions of fore tibiae and fore tarsal joints as

follows: 51, 92, 47, 41, 38, 17; fore tarsi bare; mid and hind legs

with long hairs. Third and fourth veins ending about equal distances

from apex of wing ; cubitus forking below cross vein.

Female.—Agrees with male in color.

Fore legs nearly 10 mm. in length, proportions of fore tibiae and

fore tarsal joints as follows: 55, 102, 53, 50, 50, 20; mid and hind

legs short-haired. Cubitus forking slightly beyond cross vein.

Length, 5-6.5 mm.
Type locality, Urbana, 111., September 27 and October 2, 1914,

at light and on windows (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch). Paratypes

from Havana, September 13, 1895, at light (C. A. Hart), and from

Urbana, May 3 and 22, and October 3 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Mal-

loch).

Females of this species were observed feeding upon fly-specks on

a store window in Urbana, having been attracted to the window by
light.

65. Chironomus alboviridis, n. sp.

Female.—Green, opaque. Head, with the exception of the black

eyes, center of face, and the apical joint of antennae, entirely yellow.

Thorax pale green; the vittae, a spot below wing-base, and the

greater part of sternopleura reddish, the entire surface, with the ex-

ception of the red portions, covered with dense whitish pruinescence;

scutellum pale green; postnotum yellowish at base, gradually black-

ened towards apex. Abdomen dark green, apices of segments paler.

Legs pale yellow ; fore femora and tibiae brown ; apices of basal two
and whole of apical three tarsal joints of fore legs, apices of tibiae,

apices of basal three and the whole of apical two joints of tarsi of

mid and hind legs blackish brown. Wings whitish, veins vitreous,

apices of veins i and 3 yellow. Halteres greenish yellow. Hairs on

body and legs white.



Frontal tubercles absent. Pronotum of moderate width, extend-

ing nearly to upper margin of mesonotum. Legs slender; fore tarsi

with basal joint nearly twice as long as fore tibiae (57:29), second
joint a fourth longer than third (25 : 20). Third vein ends but little

farther in front of apex of wing than fourth does behind it ; cross

vein slightly in front of wing-middle; fork of cubitus almost at

middle of wing.

Length, 3 mm.
Type locality, LTrbana, 111., July 6, 1914, at light (C. A. Hart

and J. R. Malloch).

Early stages and male unknown.

66. Chironomus digitatus, n. sp.

Larva.—Length, 9-10 mm. Blood-red. Head slightly longer

than broad; antenna short and inconspicuous, generally widely di-

vergent and at almost right angles to the long axis of head, apical

jointed portion missing from type; maxillary palpi about as long as

antennse and projecting similarly; lateral arm of labrum as in Fig-

ure 8, Plate XXIII; labium with the middle third pale yellow, the

third on each side dark brown-black, shape as in Figure 13, Plate

XXX; mandibles as in Figure 12. Anterior pseudopods as in other

species of Chironomus, the posterior pair with apical claws; dorsal

respiratory organs present; eleventh segment without ventral respir-

atory organs ; dorsal papilla? short, with about twelve sensory hairs.

Pupa.—Length, 10 mm. Reddish brown. Frontal tubercles

acute and of moderate size, similar to that shown in Figure i, Plate

XXXI; thoracic respiratory organs ending in many white hairlike

filaments ; immediately posterior to base of respiratory organs is an
elongated protuberance, which is but slightly tapering apically and
three times as long as its basal diameter; posterior to the foregoing
and a short distance in front of base of wing is a short diagonal
ridge, which has at its lower, anterior extremity a blunt tubercle

slightly longer than its basal diameter, and at its upper, posterior

extremity a similar, much shorter, wartlike tubercle; disc of thora.x

with a few weak hairs and closely placed scalelike setulse. On mid-
dle of first abdominal segment is a transverse row of short brown
thorns similar to that shown in Figure 9, Plate XXXI, surface of
all segments finely honeycombed (Fig. 15, a) ; segments 2-7 with
a preapical strip of setulse (Fig. 15, h, c, d) which become less curved
and weaker successively towards seventh segment; second segment
with the normal apical transverse row of blackish l^rown setulse, the

row widely interrupted medianly (Fig. 9) ; lateral margins of seg-



484

nients with a few widely spaced, weak, dark hairs, which become
more numerous, broader, and paler on apical two segments; no lat-

eral apical thorns on eighth segment; ventral surface of last segment
of female as in Figure 5, Plate XXXI.

Imago; Female.—Green. Head yellowish green, last joint of an-

tennae and the palpi brown. Thorax colored as in festiviis except that

the black median line is not present. Abdomen greenish yellow, the dor-

sal surface brownish on basal half of each segment. Legs yellow;

mid and hind tibiae with a black apical comb ; apices of first two
tarsal joints and the remaining joints on all legs brownish. Wings
clear, veins yellow, cross vein brownish. All hairs on body and legs

yellow.

Antenna about half as long as thorax, basal joint slightly en-

larged, globose, apical joint slender, as long as the preceding two
joints combined; length of palpi about equal to that of antennae.

Thorax similar to that of festivus. Abdomen in type in poor condi-

tion. Legs stout; hairs short; basal joint of fore tarsus more than

1.5 times as long as fore tibia (70:43). Wings with cubitus forked

below the cross vein.

Length, 5 mm.
Type locaHty, Thompson's Lake, Havana, III, May, 1914 (C. A.

Hart and J. R. Malloch). Reared from larvae taken by dredging in

eight and a half feet of water. Paratypes from Havana, May 4,

1895, flying over surface of Illinois River (C. A. Hart).

There are very many examples of the larvae of this species in the

Laboratory collection which were taken by dredging in various parts

of the Ilhnois River during 1913.

A larva which is similar to the one here described and also to

that of Ckironomus sp. C (p. 529) is figured and described from

Lake Leman, in Switzerland, by Mile. A. Zebrowska in her thesis*

presented for the degree of D. Sc. In this paper she refers to the

species as Orthocladius B, and no reference is made to the imago.

The peculiar labial plate of these species is so different from that of

any known species of Chironomus that I had in my preliminary work
simply designated them as "Genus?", and it was a surprise to me
when what appears to be a typical Chironomus much resembling

viridis emerged from the pupa described above.

Tanytarsus Van der Wulp

The larvae of species of this genus are not sufficiently well known
to warrant the use of any particular character for their generic sepa-

*Recherelies sur les Larves de Chironomides du Lac Leman. Lausanne, 1914.



485

ration from those of Chironoimts and allied genera, and in this paper
I have included all of them in a single key. Some, probably not all

of them, construct cases (see PI. XXXII, Fig. 5), but while this

fact is of considerable biological significance, it is obviously value-

less as a character for systematic arrangement unless the case is pre-

served along with the larva.

The pupje of such species as are known to the writer have elon-

gate unbranched thoracic respiratory organs and the abdominal scg-

nients with conspicuous groups of setul3e on the dorsum.
The imagines are distinguished from Chironoiiius by the presence

if hairs on the wings, and from other genera in Chironomina: by the

elongated basal joint of the fore tarsi, which is longer than the fore

tibiae. The structure of the hypopygium is not unlike that of most
species in Chironoiiius but quite distinct from that of Cricotopus,

Orthocladius. and Mctriocncinus. In Taiiytarsiis and Orthocladius
the third vein usually ends appreciably farther from apex of wing
than does the fourth, while in Chironomus these veins end respec-

tively at about equal distances before and behind the apex. Only in

a very few species in Chironomus is there a departure from this rule,

but these exceptions are sufficient to cause me to refrain from re-

garding this character in Tanyfarsus as being of generic value.

Key to Species in Laboratory Collection

1. Males 2— Females 16
2. Fore tarsi with long hairs 3— Fore tarsi without long hairs, those that arc present barely longer

than the diameter of the tarsal joints 4
3. Basal joint of fore tarsi about one seventh longer than fore tibite

(40: 35) ; black species, legs fuscous; hypopygium as in Figure 2,

Plate XXXVI .'...." 1. nigripilus.— Basal joint of fore tarsi nearly one half longer than tibis (63 : 44) ;

legs pale brown ; hypopygium as in Figure 6, Plate XXXVI
2. dives.

4. Basal joint of fore tarsi at least twice as long as fore tibiee 5— Basal joint of fore tarsi at most slightly more than half as long
again as fore tibiee 9

5. Basal joint of fore tarsi about two and a half times as long as fore
tibia (24 : 63) 6— Basal joint of fore tarsi about twice as long as fore tibia 8

6. Second joint of fore tarsi very slightly longer than fore tibia (25:

24) 3. neoflavellus.— Second joint of fore tarsi at least one fourth longer than fore
tibiis 7



7. Small species, 1.5 mm.-l.75 mm 4. flavellus.

— Larger species, 3-3.5 mm 5. confusus.

8. Scape of antennffi black, base of flagcUum yellow, the remainder pale

brown; thoracic vittse, lower half of pleurae, the seutellum, and
postnotum greenish black, contrasting strikingly with the whitish

green abdomen 6. pusio.

— Scape of antennae yellow ; thoracic vittse pale ferruginous or indis-

tinguishable ; thorax and abdomen yellow or greenish yellow

7. tenuis.

9. Thorax entirely black, wholly or partly glossy; legs entirely pale

yellow 10
— Thorax yellow or greenish, the spaces between the vittae always

noticeably paler than the vittse ; or legs brownish 12

10. Small species, 2.5-3 mm. in length; abdomen pale green; basal

joint of fore tar.si more than one half longer than fore tibise;

hypopygium as in Figure 8, Plate XXXVI 8. viridiventris.

— Larger species, more than 4 mm. in length ; abdomen black, with or

without pale posterior margins to the segments; basal joint of fore

tarsi less than a fourth longer than fore tibiae 11

11. Abdomen usually with yellow posterior margins to the segments

;

apical portion of lateral arm of hypopygium black or blackish

brown and not as long as basal portion 9. obediens.

— Abdomen entirely black except the apical portion of lateral arm of

hypopygium, which is yellow and noticeably longer than basal por-

tion 10. flavicaiida.

12. Basal joint of fore tarsi less than one half longer than fore tibiae. .

.

13

— Basal joint of fore tarsi more than one half longer than fore tibia;

15

13. Basal joint of fore tarsi nearly one half longer than fore tibia

(48:33) 11. politus.

— Basal joint of fore tarsi at most one fourth longer than fore tibia

14

14. Thorax yellowish, vittse brown ; abdomen green
;
proportions of fore

tibia and basal joint of fore tai-si, 20 : 25 12. midicus.

— Thorax brown, vittffi glossy black ; abdomen black
;
proportions of

fore tibia and basal joint of fore tarsi, 35: 42 13. similatus.

15. Small species, averaging 2 mm. in length; distance from base of

first vein to cross vein about half as long as distance from cross

vein to apex of wing (20 : 41) 14. exiguus.

— Larger species, averaging 3 mm. ; distance from base of first vein to

cross vein distinctly more than half as long as distance from
cross vein to apex (35 : 50) 15. duhius.

16. Thorax and abdomen black 17

— Thorax and abdomen yellow or greenish, the former sometimes with

dark vitta; 20



487

17. Legs fuscous or brownish 18
— Legs j'ellowish or whitish 19

18. Basal joint of fore tarsi about one seventh longer than fore tibiae

1. nigripilus.

— Basal joint of fore tarsi nearly one half longer than fore tibiee

2. dives.

19. Abdominal segments with pale posterior margins
9. ohediens.

— Abdominal segments without pale posterior margins
10. flavicauda.

20. Basal joint of fore tarsi at least twice as long as fore tibis 21
— Basal joint of fore tarsi less than twice as long as fore tibiae 23

21. Basal joint of fore tarsi twice as long as fore tibiae; mesonotum
with distinct vitts 6. pusio.

— Basal joint of fore tarsi distinctly more than twice as long as fore

tibiffi ; mesonotum without vittae 22
22. Larger species, more than 2.5 mm. in length 3. neoflavellus.
— Small species, 1.5-2 mm. in length 4. flavellus.

23. Basal joint of fore tarsi less than one half longer than fore tibise

See 13
— Basal joint of fore tarsi more than one half longer than fore tibise.

.

See 15

I. Tanytarsus nigripilus Johannsen

Taiiytarsus nigripihts Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Miis., 1905, p. 287.

Male.—Black, slightly shining. Tibije, tarsi, and knobs of hal-

teres brown-black. Wings clear, veins brown.
Antepenultimate joint of palpi almost as long as the next two

joints together. Pronotum narrow, not continued to upper margin
of mesonotum. Hypopygium as in Figure 2, Plate XXXVL Legs
slender; fore tarsi with long hairs, basal joint about one sixth longer

than fore tibise (38: 32) ; mid and hind legs with long hairs. Third
vein ending distinctly in front of apex of wing; cubitus forking be-

low cross vein; anal angle of wing weak; surface hairs distinct.

Female.—Agrees with the male except that the tibise, tarsi, and
halteres are paler, and the wings rather broader.

Length, 3-4 mm.
Illinois localities, Muncie, April 27—May 24, and Easton, May

I, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).
Originally described from Ithaca, N. Y. (April), and Washing-

ton State.

The early stages are unknown.



488

2. Tanytarsus dives Johannsen

Tanytarsns dives Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 1905, p. 288.

Larva.—Length, 6-7 mm. Blood-red, with a greenish tinge on
the sides and a prominent hump on the anterior part of the dorsum
of the last segment. Head dark, about one and a half times as long

as wide; antennae much elongated, about two thirds as long as the

head, or fully as long when they are measured to the tips of the two
long filaments of the second antennal segment. The first joint long

and slender, with a slender seta on its side and a spur at the tip near

the base of the second segment ; second segment about three times

as long as wide, with two long filaments at the tip near base of third

segment. The third and fourth segments slender, delicate, and in-

conspicuous, the two taken together less than the length of the sec-

ond joint. The dorsal sclerite of the head not distinctly separateci

from the laterals. Upon the dorsal aspect of the head are eight pairs

of rather long sette, two immediately behind base of antennae close

to median line, two on lateral margins, one behind and the other in

front of eye spots, and two on disc in transverse line with the one

behind eye spots. Labium similar to that shown in Figure 14, Plate

XXIX. The body has no prominent hairs and no ventral blood-gills.

(This description is partly copied from Johannsen, as my single ex-

ample is in poor condition.)

Pupa.—"Length, 4 to 5 mm. Dusky, with the thoracic respira-

tory organs each consisting of a single slender shaft, with lateral

hairs, about as long as a single abdominal segment. The dorsal sur-

face of the abdomen is marked with minute setae as shown in figure,

[PI. XXXIX, Fig. 9]. This figure shows segments two to six in-

clusive. The dorsum of the second segment is nearly uniformly cov-

ered with fine, very short, microscopic spines, [and has] four or five

pairs of pale setae and the usual chitinous, longitudinally ridged,

posterior margin ; the third has anteriorly two patches of short black

spines, two patches of fine hairs, the rest of its dorsal surface punc-

tate with minute spines, and five or six pairs of pale setae ; tlic

fourth, fifth, and sixth segments each have two dense patches of

short black spines near the anterior margin, [are] sparsely punctate

with minute spines and provided respectively with about eight,

seven, and five pairs of pale setae. The eighth segment has the usual

lateral fins, with its filaments, and has also the combs, each with five

or six prominent black teeth."

—

Johannsen.

Imago; Male.—Black or brownish black, shining. Spaces be-

tween the vittae sometimes yellowish brown. Legs fuscous, til)i<'e



and tarsi brown. Wings slightly brownish owing to the dense cov-

ering of hairs, veins brown. Halteres yellow or pale brown.
Antennse about one and a half times as long as head and thorax

together, the plumes very long. Thorax projecting very much an-

teriorly; pronotum linear, not extending to upper margin of meso-
notum. Hypopygium as in Figure 6. Plate XXXVI. Legs, includ-

ing fore tarsi, with moderately long hairs; basal joint of fore tarsi

nearly one half longer than fore tibiae (63:44). Third vein ending
well in front of apex of wing; cubitus forking below base of fourth.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the ground color of
the thorax yellowish and the legs yellowish brown.

Except in the sexual characters and in the absence of long hairs

on fore tarsi it agrees structurally with the male.

Length, 3.5-4 mm.
This species very probably occurs in Illinois. The only examples

I have are one larva from Montana (C. C. Adams), and a male and
a female sent me by Professor Johannsen from Ithaca, N. Y.

3. Tanytarsus neoflavellus, n. sp.

Male.—Yellow, slightly shining. Flagellum of antennas slightly

brownish. Abdomen greenish yellow. Legs entirely pale yellow,
only the apical comb of the hind tibiae black. Wings clear, veins en-
tirely yellow. Halteres yellow.

Antennas about one and a half times as long as head and thorax
together. Thorax much swollen anteriorly; pronotum of moderate
width, not continued to upper margin of mesonotum. Hypopygium
similar in general appearance to that of viridivcntris (PI. XXXVI,
Fig. 8), the superior process being like that of Figure i of same
plate, and the inferior one as in Figure 8, h, Plate XL.

Fore tarsi exceptionally long, not very slender, and without long
hairs; lengths of fore tibiae and fore tarsal joints as follows: 24,

63, 25, 22, 19, 8; mid and hind legs with moderately long hairs.

Wings distinctly hairy; third vein clearly ending before apex; cross

vein appreciably before wing-middle and fork of cubitus.

Female.—Yellow, including the abdomen.
Agrees with the male except in sexual characters and in having

the cross vein nearer to base of wing.

Length, 2.5-3.25 mm.
Type locality, Dubois, 111., April 24-25, 1914, at light and by

sweeping vegetation on bank of creek.

Early stages unknown.



490

4- Tanytarsus flavellus Zetterstedt

Chironomus flavelhis Zetterstedt, Ins. Lappon., 1838, p. 816, sp. 41.

Johannsen records this European species from Ithaca, N. Y. I

have some doubt as to the identity of the American specimens with the

species recorded from Europe, but in the absence of examples of the

latter accept the published record as authentic. The individuals whicli

I have here referred to the species recorded from New York dififer

from the foregoing description of neoflavellits in being smaller, 1.75

mm., and in having the second joint of the fore tarsi nearly one half

longer than the fore tibije, the lengths of the tibise and the first and

second tarsal joints being respectively as 10, 27, 14.

The localities of my specimens are Lafayette, Ind., June 5 (J. M.
Aldrich), and South Haven, Mich., July 15, 1914 (C. A. Hart).

The species almost certainly occurs in Illinois.

Early stages undescribed.

5. Tanytarsus confusus, n. sp.

This species differs from the foregoing in being considerably

larger, 2.5-3.5 nim., and in having the proportions of the fore tibise

and first and second tarsal joints different: male, 18, 53, 24; female,

12, 31, 15. The hypopygium is similar to that of dives, differing in

the shape of the extension of the dorsal plate, and noticeably in the

form of the superior process (PI. XXXVI, Fig. 5). In many respects

confusus resembles neoflavelliis, but the proportions of the fore tibise

and fore tarsi are quite different in the two species.

Type locality, Urbana, III, May and October, 19 14. Paratypes

from Havana, April, Muncie, May, and Momence, Julv, all in Illinois

(C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch) ; and from Washington, D. C. (W. L.

McAfee).
6. Tanytarsus pusio Meigen

Chironomus pusio Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 6, 1830, p. 256,

sp. 117.

Male.—Green. Head yellowish green ; scape of antennae and flagel-

lum, except its extreme base, fuscous, plumes pale brown. Thoracic

vittse, the lower half of pleurae, and greater portion of the postnotum

blackish brown. Abdomen whitish green, apically yellowish. Legs

white. Wings clear, veins colorless.

Antennse 1.5 as long as head and thorax together. Pronotum lin-

ear ; mesonotum produced anteriorly. Hypopygium similar to that of

C. fitsciventris (PI. XXXVI, Fig. i) except that the apical portion of

lateral arm tapers very decidedly apically and that the superior process



491

is much more robust. Legs slender ; basal joint of fore tarsi twice as

long as fore tibiae (30: 15) ; mid and hind legs with long hairs. Third

vein ending at beginning of apical curve of wing ; cross vein slightly

before middle of wing ; cubitus forking distinctly beyond cross vein.

Female.—Agrees with the male except in sexual characters and in

having the cross vein more distinctly proximad of middle of wing.

Length, 1.5-2.25 mm.
Illinois locality, Muncie, Mav 24, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Mal-

loch).

This European species has been recorded by Johannsen from
Ithaca, N. Y., and Brookings, S. Dak.

Early stages undescribed.

This species is very difficult to observe in the held owing to its

small size and the pale color of abdomen and legs, the dark thorax

alone showing clearly.

7. Tanytarsus tenuis Meigen

Chirononms tenuis Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Eur. Zweifl. Ins. Vol. 6, 1830, p. 255,

sp. 112.

This species agrees in color and length with ncoflavellus, but dif-

fers noticeably in the proportions of the fore tibia; and first and sec-

ond joints of fore tarsi, the respective proportions being 20, 40, 20.

The third vein ends slightly farther from apex of wing than in neofla-

vcllus, while the cross vein is much nearer to base of wing than in

that species, the distance from base of first vein to cross vein as com-
pared with that from cross vein to apex of wing being as 22 to 46,

while in neoftavellus they are as 36 to 51. In other respects the species

are very similar.

Length, 3 mm.
Illinois locality. Rock Island, October 20, 1914, at light (C. A.

Hart).

Lundbeck recorded this species from Greenland, and Johannsen
from South Dakota and Washington State. I have before me a male
specimen, submitted by Professor Aldrich, from Erwin, South Da-
kota, June, 1908, which is evidently this species.

Early stages undescribed.

8. Tanytarsus viridiventris, n. sp.

Male.—Head and thorax black, the latter shining. Abdomen
bright green. Legs yellowish green, coxae blackened. Wings whitish,

veins pale. Halteres pale green. Antennal plumes pale brown.



492

Antennae less than one and a half times as long as head and thorax
together. Thorax distinctly produced anteriorly; pronotum narrow,
not continued to upper margin of mesonotum. Abdomen slender;

hypopygium as in Figure 8, Plate XXXVI. Legs without long hairs;

basal joint of fore tarsi more than one half longer than fore tibiae

(26: 16). Cross vein almost at middle of wing; cubitus forking
slightly beyond cross vein; third vein ending distinctly before curve at

apex of wing; surface hairs of wing pale and sparse.

Length, 2.5 mm.
Type locality, shore of Lake Michigan at South Haven, Mich.,

July 14, 1914 (C. A. Hart).

Female and early stages unknown.
This species bears a close resemblance to f^usio, but is distinguish-

able by the entirely black thorax, the form of the hypopygium, and
the length of the basal joint of the fore tarsi in comparison with that

of the fore tibiae.

9. Tanytarsus obediens Johannsen

Tanytarsus olediens Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 1905, p. 286.

Male.—Black, slightly shining. Head brownish black; antennae

fuscous, scape and extreme base of flagellum yellow, plumes fuscous,

whitish at the tips. Mesonotum with very faint pruinescence on area

between the vittae ; anterior lateral angles of thorax sometimes yellow-

ish; scutellum varying from brown to yellowish. Posterior margins
of abdominal segments and the lateral margins on posterior half yel-

low; hypopygium blackish brown. Legs almost white, bases of mid
and hind coxae blackened. Wings whitish, veins pale yellow ; surface
hairs yellow. Halteres yellow, knob white.

Frontal tubercles absent; antennae about 1.5 as long as head and
thorax together ;

palpi longer than height of head, apical joint dis-

tinctly longer than subapical. Pronotum linear on upper half ; meso-
notum produced anteriorly. Hypopygium as in Figure 9, Plate

XXXVI. Legs long and slender, fore tarsi without long hairs, basal

joint about one fifth longer than fore tibiae. Third vein ending slightly

farther from apex of wing than does fourth ; cubitus forking below
cross vein.

Female.—Agrees with the male in color except that the antennae

are yellow and the abdominal segments have narrow pale posterior

margins.

Length, 3.5-4.5 mm.
Illinois localities, Lilly and Havana, June (C. A. Hart).



A male from Monticello has the basal joint of fora tarsi more than

one third longer than the fore tibise, but in other respects agrees with

the foregoing description.

Originally described from Ithaca, N. Y., and Washington State. I

have seen specimens from Lafayette, Ind. (Aldrich), Plummer's

Island, Md. (McAtee), and from Niles, Mich. (Hart).

10. Tanytarsus flavicauda, n. sp.

Male.—Differs in color from obediens in having the flagellum and
plumes of the antennae and also the palpi yellowish, the abdomen
without yellow posterior margins to the segments, and the apical por-

tion of lateral arm of hypopygium pale yellow.

Structurally the species are similar, the principal distinctions being

found in the hypopygium, the apical portion of the lateral arm in flavi-

cauda being much longer than the basal portion, whereas in obediens

it is slightly shorter.

Female.—Similar to the female of obediens, but dififering in that

the segments of the abdomen are without pale posterior margins.

Length, 3-4 mm.
Type locality, Carbondale, III, April 23, 1914. Paratypes from

Illinois River at Havana, April 29, 1914 (C. A. Hart and j. R. Mal-

loch).

Early stages unknown.

II. Tanytarsus politus, n. sp.

Male.—Greenish yellow, shining. Head yellow ; antennae, with

the exception of the base of flagellum, fuscous ; palpi brown. Vitta^

glossy blackish brown; lower part of sternopleura and greater part of

postnotum concolorous with vitta;. Abdomen generally unicolorous

brown, but sometimes with only the apices of segments of the basal

half and the whole of the segments of the apical half brown. Legs

pale brown, fore femora and tibia usually darkened. Wings clear,

veins and surface hairs brownish. Antennal plumes and surface hairs

on legs pale brown. Halteres greenish white.

Length of antennae more than one and a half times that of head

and thorax together. Pronotum of moderate breadth; mesonotum but

slightly produced anteriorly. Hypopygium similar to that of dives,

the only appreciable difiference lying in the shorter and broader exten-

sion of the dorsal plate. Legs rather slender ; fore tarsi without long

hairs, basal joint a trifle less than one half longer than fore tibise

(48: 33) ; mid and hind legs with moderately long liairs. Third vein



494

ending at beginning of apical curve of wing, the cell enclosed by it rap-

idly narrowing apically; cross vein very little before middle of wing;
cubitus forking very slightly before cross vein.

Length, 3 mm.
Type locality, Easton, 111., taken by sweeping vegetation along

bank of Central Dredge Ditch, May i, 19 14 (C. A. Hart and J. R.
Malloch).

This is very probably the species listed by Johannsen as gmunden-
sis Egger. I can not reconcile the above description with Egger's de-

scription of gmundensis or with Schiner's later description of it.

Johannsen based his identification of the European form upon material

obtained from Europe, but there seems to me very good grounds for

rejecting the identification as erroneous, although possibly he made no
mistake in associating his American examples with the European ones.

I assume that I am correct in my inference as to what species Johann-
sen had before him, since I have examined a specimen in the collection

of the U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey, from Plummer's Island,

Md., which bears Johannsen's MS. label "gmundensis."

12. Tanytarsus muticus Johannsen

lanytarsus muticus Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 190.5, p. 294.

Female.—Yellow, slightly shining. Head yellow, apical joint of

antennae fuscous. Mesonotum with reddish vittse. Abdomen green.

Legs yellow, fore pair slightly brownish. Wings clear, veins yellow.

Pronotum linear; mesonotum protruding anteriorly. Basal joint

of fore tarsi one fourth longer than fore tibiae, proportions of tibiae and
first and second tarsal joints, 20, 25, 14. Third vein ending just be-

yond beginning of apical curve of wing; distance from base of first

vein to cross vein less than one half that from cross vein to apex of

wing (22 : 51) ; cubitus forking conspicuously beyond cross vein.

Length, 1.75 mm.
Illinois locality, Urbana, October, 1914, at light TC. A. Hart and

J. R. Malloch).

The male of this species was described by Johannsen from Ithaca,

N. Y. I have not seen this sex, but have little hesitation in associating

the female described above with Johannsen's species.

The early stages are undescribed.

13. Tanytarsus similatus, n. sp.

Male.—Blackish brown. Head black, flagellum and plumes of an-
tennae fuscous. Thoracic vittae glossy black, spaces between them



495

brownish, with slight whitish pruinescence. Abdomen brownish
black, hypopygium slightly paler. Legs pale brown, tibiae and bases of

tarsi paler. Wings clear, cross vein unclouded, veins pale brown.
Halteres yellowish brown.

Pronotum tapering rapidly towards upper margin, discontinued

before upper extremity of mesonotum. Hypopygium somewhat like

that of viridiventris, differing in the structure of the superior and in-

ferior processes (PI. XL, Fig. 8), in the much shorter auxiliary proc-

ess which does not reach beyond the apex of the inferior process, and
in the shape of the extension of the dorsal plate, which tapers more
gradually and has a single transverse series of hairs near base of con-

stricted portion. Fore tarsi without long hairs; basal joint one fifth

longer than fore tibiae (42: 35) ; mid and hind legs with long pale

hairs. Third vein ending just beyond beginning of apical curve of

wing; cross vein at middle of wing.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the ground color of

thorax yellowish and the apices of the abdominal segments narrowly
pale .

The basal joint of fore tarsi is one tenth longer than the fore tibia

(33:30)-

Length, 3 mm.
Type locality, Madison, Wis., May i, 1910 (J. G. Sanders).

14. Tanytarsus exiguus Johannsen

Tanytarsus exirjuus Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 1905, p. 294.

Larva.—Length, 3-4 mm. Greenish, or yellowish, head brown.

Case with three filaments projecting at apex. Antennae more than one

and a half times as long as mandible, apical process of basal joint

longer than second joint ; labial plate somewhat similar to that shown
in Figure 19, Plate XXIX, the central tooth with more distinct shoul-

ders forming weak subapical teeth, the first lateral tooth also with

shoulder on outer side ; mandible with three distinct teeth on ventro-

lateral margin.

Pupa.—Length, 2-3 mm. Yellow. Thoracic respiratory organs

slender, simple, pointed apically, without distinguishable surface

hairs ; second abdominal segment with apical transverse series of black

setulse, and two large subtriangular patches of very weak setulae on
dorsum; third segment with two small rounded patches of conspicuous

black setulse near apex, the dorsum posterior to these being covered

with weak setulae ; fourth segment with a conspicuous group of black

setulae near base of median line and two weaker elongate submedian



496

patches posterior to it; fifth segment with two small but conspicuous

groups of black setulae near base, and many weaker setulae on dorsum.

Imago; Male.—Differs from tennis in being a little more distinctly

vittate.

Structurally the male is distinguishable from tenuis by the shorter

basal joint of the tarsi, the proportions of tibiae and tarsi being 30, 18.

In other respects the two species are very similar.

Female.—Pale yellow-. Mesonotum without vittje.

Agrees with the male except in sexual characters and in having

the cross vein slightly nearer to base of wing.

Length, 1.5-2 mm.
Illinois localities: Momence, July 17, 1914 (C. A. Hart) ; and the

Illinois River at Havana (larvje and pupje).

Originally described from Ithaca, N. Y. I have before me one

male specimen from the type locality, and two others of this sex from

Moscow, Idaho, the former submitted by Professor Johannsen, and

the latter bv Professor Aldrich.

15. Tanytarsus dubius, n. sp.

Male.—Agrees in color with politits except that the abdomen is

usually bright green.

Structurally also there is a striking similarity to politiis, the prin-

cipal distinctions being in the comparative lengths of the basal joints

of the fore tarsi and the fore tibi?e. In the present species the basal

joint of the tarsi is distinctly more than one half longer than the tibiae

(40: 25), while in politiis it is slightly less than this. The hypopygia

of the two species are so similar in general appearance that they are of

little service as a means of differentiation, both being very similar to

the hypopygium of dives. The distance from base of first vein to

cross vein in the present species is distinctly less than the distance

from the cross vein to apex of wing (35:46), and the cubitus forks

slightly beyond the cross vein.

Female.—Differs from the male only in sexual characters and in

venation, the cross vein being slightly nearer to base of wing and the

cubitus forking more distinctly beyond the cross vein.

Length, 2.5-3.5 ^^
Type locality, Havana, III, along shore of Illinois River, April

28-29, 19 14 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).



Metriocnemus Van der Wulp

Very few species of this genus are represented in the collections of

this Laboratory, and no attempt is here made to revise the North
American species. One species, luiidbccki Johannsen, has been reared

by the writer, and full descriptions of its stages are published in the

Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington.* In the

present paper only brief descriptions of the stages are included.

Kieffer has based the separation of several species from those of

Metriocnemus on the structure of the apical portion of the lateral arm
of the hypopygium and the presence of well-developed pul villi. Spe-

cies which have the above portion of the hypopygium simple are re-

tained in Metriocnemus, while those that have this process bifid are

placed in his new genus Brillia, I have seen a single species which is

referable to Brillia, but as the genus does not occur in Illinois, as far

as I am aware, I shall not include it in this paper.

When Johannsen wrote his 1905 paper on this family, the larva

and pupa of only one North American species of Metriocnemus were
known, and they possess characters which, although used by Johann-
sen in his generic keys to these stages, the larva and pupa of lundbccki

lack, and consequently in using the said keys to locate larvae and pupse

it is evident that those of lundbccki at least could not possibly be

placed in Metriocnemus. I have avoided the use of generic keys for

larvae and pupae because, with our present very imperfect knowledge of

the Cliironomidce, mistakes in generic identification and classification

are almost certain to occur, and little good could now be accomplished

by adopting as a basis of generic separation characters possessed by the

few known species, which may be of specific and not real generic

value.

The imagines of Metriocnemus may be distinguished from those of

any other genus in the Chironoinincc by the following characters; an-

tenna; of male 15-jointed (2-I-13), those of female 8-jointed (2+6) ;

wings hairy ; basal joint of fore tarsi shorter than fore tibiae
;
pulvilli

small or nearly wanting; hypopygium with apical portion of lateral

arm simple, armed with a small thorn at apex.

Although but two species have been taken by the writer in Illinois,

one of them being hitherto undescribed, it is highly probable that

many species occur in the state and will be discovered later.

*Vol. 16, 1914, p. 132.



I. Metriocnemus luxdbecki Johannsen

Chironorrms nanus Lundbeck {nee Meigen), Vidensk. Meddel., 1898, p. 285.

Metriocnemus UndhecU Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 1905, p. 302.

Larva.—Length, 4-5 mm. Yellowish. Labium with the central

tooth divided, general outline similar to that shown in Figure 16, Plate

XXIX, except that the divided central tooth has no shoulder ; mandi-

ble with 4 distinct teeth in addition to the apical one.

Pupa.—Length, 3 mm. Greenish yellow. Thoracic respiratory

organs similar to those of Orthocladius nivoriundiis. Abdominal seg-

ments 2-8 with dorsum covered with short setuhe which become

stronger posteriorly and form a distinct transverse band on caudal

margin ; apical appendages with 3 long hairs.

Imago; Male.—Yellow, slightly shining. ' Mesonotum with red-

dish vittse. Abdomen yellow, apical 2-3 segments brownish. Legs

yellow, apices of tarsi infuscated. Wings clear, veins yellow. Hal-

teres yellow.

Fore tarsi with basal joint nearly three fourths as long as fore

tibiae. Hypopygium with dorsal plate long and pointed. Third vein

ending at beginning of apical curve of wing.

Female.—Agrees in color with the male.

Length, 2-2.5 ™rn.

Illinois localities: Muncie, March 16, 1914, and Havana, Novem-
ber 8, 1912 (C. A. Hart).

I have seen a female specimen, submitted by Prof. O. A. Johann-

sen, from Ithaca, N. Y.

2. Metriocnemus brachyneura, n. sp.

Male.—Head brownish, antenna, including the plumes, fuscous.

Thorax greenish yellow ; mesonotum with glossy blackish brown vit-

tse, the spaces between them covered with whitish pruinescence ;
pleurae

with a large brownish spot on sternopleura and a smaller one in front

of wing-base; scutellum yellowish; postnotum brown. Abdomen
fuscous-green. Legs greenish yellow, brownish on apices of femora

and of mid and hind tibiae, the fore tibiae, except on middle, and apices

of all tarsi brown. Wings clear, veins and surface hairs brown.

Halteres greenish yellow.

Last flagellar joint not as long as the preceding joints combined.

Pronotum linear. Hypopygium as in Figure 4, Plate XL. Legs

slender; fore tarsi without long hairs, basal joint more than two thirds

as long as fore tibiae (17:22); empodium distinct, fringed. Third



vein ending considerably in front of apex of wing (PI. XXXIX, Fig.

17) ; surface of wings with very distinct hairs.

Pciiialc.—Differs from the male in being much paler in color, the

abdomen having only brownish markings on anterior portions of dor-

sal segments.

The legs are rather stouter and somewhat shorter than in the

male, the proportions of the basal joint of fore tarsi and fore tibiae

being as 12, 18, and the surface hairs on wings are more distinct than

in the male.

Length, 1-1.25 mm.
Type locality, Muncie, 111., May 24, 1914, swept from vegetation

on bank of Stony Creek (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Allotype and paratypes from Madison, Wis., August 26, 1913, at

light (A. C. Burrill).

This species differs from Inndhccki in having the third vein very

much shorter—a character which will distinguish it also from every

other described North American species of Mctriocncnuis.

Chasmatonotus Loew

The species of this genus are separable from those of any other

chironomid genus occurring in North America by the presence on the

thoracic dorso-median line of a distinct narrow furrow or fissure

which extends beyond the middle of the disc. The antennae in both

sexes are short- haired and consist of eight joints (2+6). The vena-

tion is somewhat similar to that of Orthocladius (PI. XXXV, Fig. 8).

Only one species has been taken in Illinois as far as I am aware. The
other four North American species of the genus have been collected as

follows: univittatiis Coquillett, in Alaska; ummaculatns Loew, in

New Hampshire; fascipcunis Coc|uillett, in British Columbia; and

hycilimis Coquillet, in California.

Chasmatonotus bimaculatus Osten Sacken

Chasmatonotus himaculatus Osten Sacken, Bull. TJ. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 3, 1877,

p. 191.

This species is distinguishable from any of the others in the genus

by the wing-markings ( PI. XXXV, Fig. 8). The hypopygium is

shown in Figures 7 and 10, Plate XXXVI.
Illinois localities: Lake Forest (Johannsen) ; Urbana, May (C. A.

Hart) ; St. Joseph, six specimens swept from undergrowth May 17,

1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Recorded from New York, New Jersey, and Quebec.

Early stages undescribed.



PsEUDOCHiRoxoMUS, n. gen.

The only species of this genus may be distinguished from Cliiron-

omus by the short basal joint of the fore tarsi—the length of which is

distinctly less than that of the fore tibiae—the distinct apical spur of

the hind tibiae, and, except in the case of one or two rather aberrant

species of that genus, by the shorter third vein, which ends distinctly

farther in front of the wing-apex than the fourth vein does behind it.

In most respects the genus more closely resembles the members of the

old genus Orthocladius in the wide sense, but the hypopygium has a

much closer affinity with hypopygia of Chironomus than with those of

Orthocladius, the apical portion of the lateral arm being straight—not

recurved—and without an apical thorn (PI. XXXVII, Fig. i6). It is

more difficult to separate the female from the species of the subgenus
Psectrocladiits, to which its large pulvilli, and distinct, fringed em-
podia would relegate it ; but it is more robust, the pronotum has a deep
and broad median incision, the post-humeral area has a circular shin-

ing depression, and the fore tibia is not conspicuously longer than the

basal joint of the fore tarsi.

I have obtained what I believe to be the pupa of the species, which
is described herewith.

Type of genus, Pseudochironomns richardsoni, n. sp.

PSEUDOCHIRONOMUS RICHARDSONI, n. Sp.

Larva.—Unknown.
Pupa.—Length, 6-8 mm. Brown. Frontal tubercles small, acute

apically. Thorax with small closely placed, apically rounded squam-
ules ; thoracic respiratory organs broken in specimens before me. First

abdominal segment without setulse ; disc of segments 2-6 covered with

distinct setulae, a conspicuous and rather broad band of these setulae

near bases of segments 2 to 4, that on the latter composed of weaker
setulc-e than those on the other two segments, the setulje becoming
much weaker and being very closely placed as they recede from base

;

segments 5 and 6 without distinct band, but with a large rounded
patch of setulae which are much longer, though but slightly darker, and
are much more closely placed than those on the remainder of disc ; sec-

ond segment with the usual transverse apical row of setulae ; segments

3 and 4 with a narrow, transverse band of setulae near posterior

margin, separated from the setulae on disc by a bare strip ; apical lateral

angle of eighth segment with an irregular comb of short thorns ; lateral

margins of segments with a few long flattened hairs, fringe of apical

appendages confined to apical half, regular in length, and consisting of

manv flattened hairs.



501

Imago; Male.—Brown-black to deep black, slightly shining. Head,

including antennal plumes, fuscous. Thorax with gray pruinescence

which is particularly distinct between the vittje, the latter distinctly

shining ; scutellum and postnotum subshining, black. Abdomen black,

shining, the posterior margins of the segments usually covered with

grayish pruinescence. Legs varying in color from brownish yellow

to fuscous, the bases of femora, the tibiae, and bases of tarsi generally

slightly paler than other portions. Wings slightly grayish, veins pale

brown; Halteres yellowish or pale gray.

Antenns rather thick and short, flagellum tapering from base to

apex, entire antennal length about equal to that of head and thorax

together, number of joints 15. Pronotum of moderate breadth, cen-

tral excision wide. Hypopygium as in Figure 16, Plate XXX\"II.

Legs rather stout ; fore tarsi without long hairs, basal joint about nine

tenths as long as fore tibije (4.7: 52), second joint less than half as

long as basal (21 ) ; mid and hind legs with rather short hairs ; all tarsi

with well-developed pulvilli and empodia. Cross vein at middle of

wing; third vein ending much farther in front of wing-apex than

fourth does behind it; cubitus forking slightly beyond cross vein, its

posterior branch almost straight.

Female.—Agrees with male in color.

Differs in having 8-jointed antenna and the mid and hind legs

without hairs, their surfaces having only short pubescence.

Length, 3.5-4.5 mm.
Type locality. Havana, 111., April 28 to l\Lay 2, 19 14 (C. A. Hart

and J. R. Malloch). Paratypes from Momence. Ill, July 17. 1914. at

light (C. A. Hart), and from Washingon. D .C, August 6, 1907 (W.

L. McAtee).
The species occurred in great numbers on the Illinois River, and

specimens were captured at a considerable distance from it. where no

suitable breeding places were available, evidently having been carried

there by the wind.

The species is named in honor of Mr. R. E. Richardson, who has

been for several years studying the biology of the Illinois River in

connection with the work of the State Laboratory.

Cricotopus \'an der Wulp

This genus as originally defined by Van der Wulp was a rather

arbitrary one, separated as it was from Orthodadius merely by the

color of the legs. In Cricotopus the legs are pale yellow, or whitish,

and black, while in Orthodadius they are unicolorous black or yellow-

ish, rarely yellow with brown markings. Occasionally, however, the



legs of a species are so colored that one has some hesitation in assign-

ing it definitely to either genus. Ortlwcladiiis poUtus is a case in

point. The legs in politiis are bicolored, but the colors are not

sharply contrasted. The eyes possess distinct surface hairs, however,

which seems to indicate a closer affinity with Cricotopns than with

Ortlwcladiiis. A subgenus of Orthocladius, Tricliocladius, has been

erected by Kieffer for the reception of those species of Orthocladius

which have hairy eyes. This subgenus is said to be distinguished

from Cricotopiis by the absence of pulvilli—a rather unsatisfactory

character, and one difficult to see. In the present paper several species

are located in Tricliocladius. It is not the writer's intention to take

up at present the question of the generic relations of doubtfully lo-

cated American species of this group, but it is hoped that at some
future time either he or some other student of the group may have an
opportunity to devote to this problem the time requisite for its solu-

tion.

The known larvae and pupae of this genus are included in the keys

to the early stages of the subfamily Chirononiincs.

Key to Ilunois Species

1. Males 2
— Females 5

2. Fore tarsi with long hairs ; basal segment of abdomen and narrow
posterior margins of other segments yellow 1. flavibasis.

— Fore tarsi without long hairs 3

3. First, fourth, and seventh abdominal segments yellow, remainder
black 2. trifasciatiis.— At most but two abdominal segments entirely yellow 4

4. First and fourth abdominal segments yellow 3. iicinctus.

— First segment largely and posterior margins of other segments nar-

rowly yellow 4. sylvestris.

5. Abdomen with first, fourth, and seventh segments yellow

2. trifasciatus.

— Abdomen with at most 2 segments entirely yellow 6

6. Fore tarsi black, second joint and basal half of third yellow
5. slossonce.

— Fore tarsi unieolorous, black or brown 7
7. Abdomen with first and fourth segments yellow 3. hicincius.

— Abdomen with narrow yellow posterior margins to segments, the

basal segment broadly yellowish 1. flavibasis.

I. Cricotopus flavibasis, n. sp.

Male.—Yellow, shining. Head yellow, antennae fuscous, scape

black, plumes fuscous, paler apically
;
palpi brown. Mesonotum with



503

the vittae black, very broad
;
pleurae largely black ; scutellum yellow

;

postnotum shining black. Abdomen velvety black, basal segment yel-

low, slightly darkened, apices of remaining segments and bases of

third and fourth shining yellow; hypopygium yellow. Legs 3'ellow,

mid and hind coxje, fore femora except the bases, apices of mid and
hind femora, fore tibise except the middle, both ends of mid and hind

tibise, the entire fore tarsi, apices of basal three joints and whole of

apical two of other tarsi blackened. Wings whitish, veins yellow.

Halteres pale yellow, base of pedicels blackened.

Antenna barely longer than head and thorax together. Pronotum
broad, of almost equal width throughout. Hypopygium as in Figure

4, Plate XXXVII. Legs slender; forei^arsi with rather long hairs;

basal joint slightly more than half as long as fore tibiae (23 : 45) ; sec-

ond joint about half as long as basal (12). Wing venation almost
identical with that of frifasciatits.

Female.—Agrees with the male in color except that the dark color

on thorax is not so conspicuous, and that on abdomen more generally

distributed, though the basal segment is almost entirely yellow. The
legs have the black more sharply dififerentiated from the pale portions

and confined to smaller areas.

Length, 3-5 mm.
Type locality, Urbana, 111., October 5-9, 1914. at light (C. A.

Hart and J. R. Malloch).

The fore tarsal hairs and distinctively marked abdomen should

serve to separate this from every other described American species.

2. Cricotopus trifasciatus Panzer

Chironomus trifascialus Panzer, Fauna Germ., 1813, p. 109.

Cricotopus trifasciatus (Panzer) V. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent., Vol. 17, 1874,

p. 132.

Egg.—{Fl XXXVIII, Fig. 7). Whitish. Deposited in long

rope-like masses.

Larva.—Length, 4-5 mm. Yellow, varying sometimes to red-

dish. Head about 1.5 as long as wide; antenna as in Figure 9, Plate

XXX ; mandibles with three distinct teeth in addition to the apical

one; labium as in Figure 12, Plate XXIX. Abdomen with a pecu-

liar tuft of long pale hairs near posterior margin of the lateral sur-

face of each segment, which are weak on segments i and 2; anal

dorsal respiratory organs distinct, four in number, ventral surface

without anal blood-gills ; anal pseudopods short, armed at apices with

the normal claws.



504

Pupa.—Length 3-4 mm. Yellow, the black markings of the en-

closed imago showing through (PI. XXXII, Fig. 7). Thoracic respir-

atory organs slender, tapering, inconspicuous, their surfaces without
distinct hairs ; several long and slender hairs on pronotum and a few
on disc of mesonotum. Abdomen with the dorsal segments covered
with minute setulae except on some small rounded areas on disc of each

segment, the usual apical transverse series of strong setulfe on second
segment, and a transverse preapical patch of weaker and broader ones
on the other segments; apical appendages short and rather slender,

armed apically with three long hairs.

Imago; Male.—Yellow, shining. Head yellow, scape of antenna;

black, flagellum and palpi fc^ous, antennal plumes yellowish brown.
Mesonotum with glossy bladS^'ittse which are sometimes confluent and
obscure the ground color; pleurae with a large black patch on sterno-

pleura and a smaller one before wing-base; scutellum and postnotum
opaque black. Abdomen either opaque black with first, fourth, and
seventh segments and apical half of hypopygium yellow, or yellow

with second, fifth, and sixth segments, except their anterior fourth,

the whole of eighth segment, and a spot on disc of fourth black. Legs
whitish yellow, conspicuously blackened on all knee joints and apices

of tibise ; fore tarsi black, mid pair blackened from near base of second

joint to apex of fifth, hind pair from before apex of third to apex of

fifth. Wings clear, veins yellowish. Halteres pale yellow.

Antenna slightly longer than head and thorax together. Prono-
tum rather broad, its breadth almost uniform throughout. Apical por-

tion of lateral arm of hypopygium as in Figure 2, Plate XXXVII.
Fore tarsi without conspicuous hairs, basal joint more than half as

long as fore tibife (30:53), second joint half as long as basal (15).
Third vein ends at beginning of apical curve of wing; cross vein

slightly proximad of wing-middle; cubitus forking distinctly beyond
cross vein.

Female.—Agrees in color with the male.

Structurally also very similar, but the wings are rather broader
and the legs slightly stouter.

Length, 3-4 mm.
Illinois localities : Illinois River at Havana—abundant, the eggs

sometimes found in immense numbers floating in a large gelatinous

mass—Grand Tower, Dubois, Golconda, Peoria, Momence, Rock
Island, Urbana, Muncie. Probably the species occurs throughout the

state. Dates of occurrence range from April 18 to October 20.

Originally described from Europe. Previously recorded by
Johannsen from New York and Chicago. I have seen a specimen taken

on prairie flowers at Moscow, Idaho, by Professor Aldrich.



505

I have reared several specimens of this species from larvae obtained

in the clear-water reservoir for the city supply in Champaign, III, De-
cember 29, 1914. The specimens emerged January 20 and 21, 1915.

One male lived from January 20 to January 26 under conditions simi-

lar to those mentioned under Cliironoimis viridicollis.

3. Cricotopus bicinctus Meigen

Chironomus bicinctits Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1, 1818, p. 41,

sp. 48.

Cricotopus Ucinctns X. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent., Vol. 17, 1874. p. 132.

Male.—Distinguishable from trifasciatiis by the color of the

thorax and abdomen. The former is almost invariably uniform glossy

black, while the latter has the first and fourth segments and apical por-

tions of hypopygium yellow.

Structurally the principal differences lie in the proportions of the

fore tibia; and tarsi. In bicinctits the tarsi are much more slender and
elongate than in trifasciatiis, the proportions of tibia; and basal

two joints of tarsi being 40, 25, 15, the combined lengths of the latter

being equal to that of the tibia;, whereas in trifasciatiis the lengths of

the same joints combined are distinctly less than that of the tibiae. The
hypopygium is figured on Plate XXXVII, Figure i. The wing vena-

tion is similar to that of trifasciatiis except that the cross vein is usu-

ally somewhat thickened and darkened.

Female.—Agrees with the male in color except that the ground
color of the thorax is generally yellow, with three glossy black vitts.

Length, 1.75-2.5 mm.
Illinois localities, Parker, Carbondale, Grand Tower, Havana, Du-

bois, Muncie, Monticello, Urbana, Momence,—April to November.
Commonly occurs at light.

Originally described from Europe.
Johannsen recorded this species from New York. I have seen

specimens from Niles, Berrien Springs, and South Haven, Mich. (C.

A. Hart), and from Lafayette, Ind. (J. M. Aldrich).

The early stages are undescribed.

4. Cricotopus sylvestris Fabricius

liputa syli-estris Fabricius, Ent. Syst., 1794, p. 252, sp. 89.

Chironomus sylvestris Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 1805, p. 47, sp. 4C.

Cricotopus sylvestris (Fabricius) V. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Eut., Vol. 17. 1874,

p. 132.

Male.—This species bears a strong resemblance to fJavibasis, dif-

fering principally in size (2-3 mm.) and in color. The single speci-



506

men before me which I consider referable to this species has the thorax
glossy yellow, the vittje black, almost confluent, the scutellum, postno-

tum, and greater portion of pleurae shining black, the abdomen opaque
black, with the base of first segment broadly and the apices of remain-
ing segments narrowly yellow. The legs, especially the fore tibiae and
mid and hind tarsi, are noticeably paler than in flavihasis. The fore

tarsi are missing in my specimen, but no mention is made by previous
authors of the presence of long hairs, which distinguish flavibasis.

Length, 1.75-2.25 mm.
Illinois localities: Illinois River near Havana, September 13,

1895; Chicago (Johannsen).
Originally described from Europe. Recorded for New Jersey by

Johnson.

Early stages undescribed.

5. Cricotopus slosson.s, n. sp.

Female.—Black. Head yellowish brown; antennae yellow, flagel-

lum pale brown
;
palpi brown. Mesonotum glossy black, anterior an-

gles and pronotum yellow, pleurae glossy black, yellowish on upper
margin; scutellum opaque, velvety black; postnotum opaque black.

Basal two segments of abdomen lemon-yellow, remaining segments
velvety black

; genitalia pale yellow. Legs fulvous ; apical joint of mid
and hind tarsi brownish, other parts blackened as follows : basal

portions of hind coxae, all femora from before middle, bases of all tibiae

and their apices broadly, and the entire basal joint of fore tarsi and
from middle of third to apex of fifth joint. Wings clear, veins brown-
ish. Halteres whitish yellow.

Frons half the width of head; antennae shorter than palpi and
rather slender, the palpi robust. Pronotum rather broad, carried al-

most to upper margin of mesonotum, central incision weak. Basal

joint of fore tarsi more than two thirds the length of fore tibiae (45

:

65) ; second joint almost half as long as basal. Cross vein upright,

rather thick, distinctly before middle of wing; third vein distinctly

thicker than costal, ending beyond beginning of apical curve, but far-

ther from apex than fourth; cubitus forking slightly beyond cross

vein.

Length, 3-3.5 mm.
Type locaHty, Algonquin, 111., June 4, 1894 (W. A. Nason). Para-

type from Mt. Washington, N. H. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson).

Named in honor of Mrs. A. T. Slosson.

C. varipcs Coquillett agrees fairly well with the above description,

but the fore tarsi in the female are of a uniform brown color. The



507

male of varipes has the second and third fore tarsal joints paler than

the first, but not yellow.

Camptocladius Van der Wulp

In my generic key to the Chironomina: I have placed only those

genera that have been regarded as valid by previous American writers

who have dealt with the family. In adopting this course I have sep-

arated Camptocladius from Orthocladiits by means of the character

of the posterior branch of the cubitus, which in Camptocladius is bisin-

uate, while in Ortlwcladius it is straight or very slightly recurved at

the apex. In treating Ortlwcladius I have accepted Kieffer's subgen-
era as divisions, and find that to be consistent one must adopt a sim-

ilar course with respect to Camptocladius, though divisions have not

previously been indicated. I propose no names for the divisions of

Camptocladius as defined in key herewith, considering it desirable that

further investigation of more material and from a larger area than I

am dealing with should be made before these concepts are accepted as

of generic or even subgeneric value—separable as they are from those

of Ortlwcladius only by the character of venation already indicated.

It would probably be quite legitimate to disregard the sinuation of the

cubitus in the case of the species which possess hairs on the eyes, plac-

ing them in Trichocladiits, but lack of information regarding the early

stages and the paucity of my material prevent me from adopting this

course.

I have not succeeded in obtaining the early stages of any species

of Camptocladius. but two species have been reared in this country

from dung, and the fact that Ortlwcladius stcrcomrius DeGeer has

been similarly reared seems to indicate that it belongs to Campto-
cladius rather than to Ortlwcladius, the larvre of the latter being aquat-

ic in habit as far as at present known. O. stercorarius is a European
species that has been recorded as occurring in Greenland. It is un-

known to me.
Key to Species

1. Eyes with short upright hairs 2
— Eyes bare 3

2. Large species, 2 mm. or more in length; base of wing-veins black;

female with broad sensory organs on flagellar joints. . .1. lasiops.

— Smaller species, 1 mm. in length ; base of wing-veins not black ; fe-

male with hairlike sensory organs on flagellar joints

2. lasioplitlialmus.

3. Basal 2 joints of flagellum in female very distinctly separated, all

flagellar joints in this sex with broad sensory organs ; black spe-



508

eies, the male with whitish wings ; empodia distinct

.

.3. iyssinus.
— Basal 2 joints of flagellum in female closely fused, all flagellar joints

in this sex with hairlike sensory organs
;
yellowish species ; wings

of male not milky ; empodia distinct 4
4. Basal joint of fore tarsi about half as long as fore tibias 5
— Basal joint of fore tarsi nearly two thirds as long as fore tibiae

(21 : 34) 4. aterrimus?
5. Yellow species, thorax with brownish vittas or entirely yellow

5. flavens.— Black species 6

6. Base of wing whitish 6. flavibasis.

— Thick veins at wing-base blackened 7. subaterrimus.

I. Camptocladius lasiops, n. sp.

Male.—Black, slightly shining. Head black, antennal flagellum

and plumes fuscous. Legs black ; tibiae and tarsi fuscous. Wings
slightly grayish, veins brown. Halteres black or brown. Hairs on
body and legs fuscous.

Eyes with short upright hairs between the facets; palpi with 4
joints, the basal joint inserted in a distinct prominence; at least the

third flagellar joint with rather broad sensory organs, apical flagellar

joint about twice as long as preceding joints taken together. Pro-
notum narrow; central dorsal excision distinct. Hypopygium as in

Figure 8, Plate XXXVIII. Legs slender; fore tarsi with the hairs

very slightly longer than those on fore tibiae, basal joint slightly more
than half as long as fore tibia ( 15 : 28) ; mid and hind legs with mod-
erately long hairs ; empodia as long as the claws, distinctly fringed.

Third vein ending at beginning of apical curve of wing, venation of

apical portion as in Figure 6, Plate XXXIX.
Female.—Agrees with the male in coloration.

Antenna as in Figure 13, Plate XXXII. The wing differs from
that of male in having the costa prolonged over a third of the dis-

tance from apex of third vein to apex of wing.

Length, 1.5-2.75 mm.
Type locaHty, Urbana, 111., November 19, 1914, taken near

house in city (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch). Paratypes from same
locality March 29 and in September and October, 19 14 (same collec-

tors).

This species may belong to Trichocladius, though the bisinuate

posterior branch of the cubitus and the place of occurrence of the

imagines would seem to indicate that the larva is terrestrial.



509

2. Camptocladius lasiophthalmus, n. sp.

Female.—Brownish black, shining. Head black, antenna? and

palpi fuscous. Mesonotum with slight grayish pruinescence on disc.

Abdomen black, subopaque, venter yellowish. Legs brownish yellow,

trochanters and bases of femora yellow. Wings grayish, veins brown,

base of wings and of veins whitish yellow. Halteres brownish yellow.

Eyes hairy. Antenna with oval flagellar joints, much longer than

their diameter, sensory organs hairlike, similar to those shown in Fig-

ure 15, Plate XXXVIII, Pronotum rather broad, no central dorsal

excision. Mesonotum produced very distinctly anteriorly, surface

hairs strong but sparse, pruinescence sparse. Abdomen with rather

strong hairs. Legs of moderate strength ; basal joint of fore tarsi half

as long as fore tibiae ; mid and hind legs with rather short hairs ; apical

spurs on hind tibiae short, empodium about as long as claws, distinctly

fringed. Third vein ending slightly beyond beginning of apical curve

of wing and apex of upper branch of cubitus; costal vein extending

almost to apex of wing; distance from cross vein to apex of first less

than distance from apex of first to apex of third ; cross vein distinctly

proximad of wing-middle; cubitus forking distinctly beyond cross

vein, posterior branch rather abruptly sinuate at middle.

Length, i mm.
Type locality, Dubois. 111., April 24, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R.

Malloch).

A male taken at the same time and place may belong to this species.

It resembles very closely the male of lasiops, but differs in being

smaller and in having the posterior branch of the cubitus more
abruptly bent and the distance from cross vein to apex of first shorter

in comparison with the distance from apex of first to apex of third.

3. Camptocladius byssinus Schrank

Tipula byssinus Schrank, Fauna Boica, Vol. 3, 1803, p. 2330, sp. 76.

Chironomus byssinus (Schrank) Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1,

1818, p. 58.

Camptocladius byssinus (Schrank) Van der Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent., Vol. 17,

1874, p. 133.

Male.—Deep velvety black, disc of thorax slightly shining. Head
black, antennal plumes black at bases, whitish apically. Legs black,

bases of tarsi yellowish. Wings milky, a longitudinal black streak on

base, veins colorless. Halteres black. Hairs on body and legs whitish.

Head very similar to that of lasiops except that the eyes are bare.

Pronotum narrow. Hypopygium as in Figure 1 1 , Plate XL. Basal



510

joint of fore tarsi sliglitly less than half as long as fore tibiae ( 12 : 25) ;

mid and hind legs with moderately long hairs; empodium about as

long as claws, distinctly fringed. Venation as in Figure 9, Plate

XXXV.
Female.—Agrees with the male in coloration except that the wings

have a slight yellowish reflection and the veins are more distinct.

Apical segments of abdomen as in Figure 17, Plate XXXVIII.
Joints of flagellum of antenna about as broad as long, with broad

leaflike sensory organs (PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 11), basal and second

joints distinctly separated. Wings differ from those of the male
in having the third and costal veins very closely approximated for

some distance before the apex of latter and continued beyond begin-

ning of apical curve of wing.

Length, 1.5-2.5 mm.
Illinois localities : Muncie, Urbana, St. Joseph, Rock Island, Ha-

vana, Grand Tower, Normal, on dates ranging from April 24 to Octo-
ber 21.

Although this species has been reared by other workers from dung,

no description of the larva has been published.

Originally described from Europe and recorded from Greenland,

Alaska, Washington State, New Jersey, and New York.
Females labeled as atcrrimiis in the collection of the U. S. Bureau

of Biological Survey from Washington, D. C, are byssinus.

4. Camptocladius aterrimus Meigen ?

Chironomus aterrimus Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1, 1818,

p. 59.

Camptocladinis aterrimus (Meigen) Van der Wulp, Tijdsehr. v. Ent., Vol. 17,

1874, p. 133.

Male.—Closely resembles subatcrrimiis, n. sp., described on later

page, in color and structure, but differs in the structure of the hypo-
pygium (PI. XL, Fig. 9) and in the comparative lengths of the basal

joint of fore tarsi and fore tibiae (21 : 34). Wing as in Figure 8,

Plate XXXIX.
Female.—Unrecognized.

Length, 2.5-3 mm.
lUinois localities: Carmi, April 15, 1914, on bank of little Wa-

bash River, and Rattlesnake Ferry—Big Muddy River—near Grand
Tower, April 22, 19 14 (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

I have provisionally considered this species as aterrimus, since it

agrees with Johannsen's description of that species and is probably



511

the insect he thus identified, though I have doubts as to the identity of

our aterriiinis with that recorded from Europe. Lundbeck is respon-

sible for a record of its occurrence in Greenland, while Johannsen re-

cords it from Michigan and New Jersey. I have not seen European
examples.

The early stages are undescribed.

5. Camptocladius flavens, n. sp.

Male.—Greenish yellow, subopaque. Mesonotum rarely with indi-

cations of pale brownish vittae. Wings whitish, veins colorless.

Palpi 4-jointed; apical flagellar joint distinctly, but not greatly,

longer than the other flagellar joints combined. Pronotum of moder-
ate breadth, without central dorsal excision. Hypopygium as in Fig-

ure 15, Plate XXXVI, and Figure 5, Plate XL. Legs rather stout;

fore tarsi without long hairs, basal joint about half as long as fore

tibiae (21 : 40) ; mid and hind legs with long hairs. Third vein end-

ing beyond beginning of apical curve of wing and very slightly in

front of apex of upper branch of cubitus; costa extending distinctly

beyond apex of third vein; distance from cross vein to apex of first

distinctly less than that from apex of first to apex of third (19: 25) ;

cubitus forking very slightly beyond cross vein, posterior branch dis-

tinctly bisinuate (PI. XXXIX, Fig. 16).

Female.—Agrees in color with the male except that the apical an-

tennal joint is brown.
Palpi as in Figure 12, Plate XXXVIII ; antennal flagellum has the

joints much longer than their diameter, the basal two closely fused,

and the sensorv organs hairlike (PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 14). Apex of

abdomen as in Figure 16, Plate XXXVIII.

Length, 2-3 mm.
Type locality, Havana, 111., April 29, 1914, on Illinois River (C. A.

Hart and J. R. Malloch). Paratvpes: St. Joseph, III, Mav 17, 1914,
on bank of Salt Fork (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch). and'South Ha-
ven, Mich., July 14, 1914, on shore of Lake Michigan (Hart).

This species differs in color from C. fiiiiiidiis Johannsen, and from
C. graminicola Lundbeck, a Greenland species, in having the wings
bare.

6. Camptocladius flavibasis, n. sp.

Female.—Brownish black, slightly shining. Head fuscous, face,

antennae, and palpi yellowish brown. Pronotum, anterior lateral an-

gles of mesonotum, and upper portion of pleurae yellowish. Abdomen
brownish black, opaque, yellowish at base and on venter. Legs brown-



512

ish yellow, trochanters and bases of femora pale yellow. Wings
slightly grayish, veins brown, base of wing, including bases of veins,

whitish yellow. Halteres yellow, knobs brown. Body hairs pale

brown.
Flagellar joints elongate, basal 2 fused, sensory organs hairlike.

Pronotum of moderate breadth, without central dorsal excision. Disc

of mesonotum (between the vittae) and of scutellum with long sparse

hairs; posterior half of the former with pale pruinescence. Legs
rather stout; basal joint of fore tarsi half as long as fore tibiae; em-
podium about as long as claws, distinctly fringed. Third vein ending
very slightly beyond beginning of apical curve of wing and nearly in

line with apex of upper branch of cubitus; cross vein distinctly before

wing-middle, slightly acute; cubitus forking distinctly beyond cross

vein, its posterior branch slightly bisinuate.

Length, 1.25 mm.
Type locality, Urbana, 111., August 23, 1914, on window (C. A.

Hart and J. R. Malloch).

7. Camptocladius subaterrimus, n. sp.

Male.—Black, subopaque. Antennae and their plumes fuscous.

Mesonotum yellowish between the vittae and on lateral anterior angles

;

upper central portion of pleurae yellow. Abdomen black. Legs slen-

der, fuscous, tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown. Wings clear, veins

brown but black at base. Halteres yellowish brown. Body hairs

brown.

Pronotum of moderate breadth, central dorsal excision weak. Hy-
popygium as in Figure 3, Plate XL. Legs very slender; fore tarsi

without long hairs, basal joint slightly more than half as long as fore

tibiae ( 16 : 28) ; mid and hind legs with long hairs ; empodium distinct,

rather densely fringed. Wing venation almost identical with that of

atcrrimiis.

Length, 2.5 mm.
Type locality. Grand Tower, 111., April 21, 1914, on bank of Mis-

sissippi River (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Orthocladius Van der Wulp, sens. lat.

This genus as defined by Van der Wulp contained a very large

number of species which were very closely allied. Subsequent work-
ers on the family have discovered many minute characters that were
either overlooked or ignored by the older authors, and many of these

have been used as a basis for the division of the old genus Orthocla-

diits into subgenera. Kieffer, who is responsible for the subdivisions



513

referred to, ranked them as subgenera, but in his recent papers on the

group he has raised them to generic rank. It is the opinion of the

writer that our knowledge of the early stages and adult habits of this

group is entirely too meager for an understanding of existing generic

relations, and pending further life-history data the current subdivi-

sions are here accepted without either admitting or questioning their

validity. The characters used are rather obscure, difficult to appre-

ciate, and in other families would not generally be considered as of

primary importance; but owing to the scarcity of outstanding struc-

tural characters it is essential that importance should be given to even

minute details provided they are constant in form. In the use of char-

acters for subgeneric separation the present writer confines himself to

those which are possessed by both sexes in common, or to such male

characters as are in coordination with characters possessed by the

other sex. The erection of a genus for the reception of males with

certain hypopygial or antennal characters without reference to the

characters by means of which females may be assigned to the genus

is not conducive to a better understanding of the group, nor does it

facilitate the work of identification but, rather, retards it, and should

be avoided. The writer hopes at some future time to deal with the

species of this group in a more detailed manner.

Key to Subgener.\ (After Kieffer)

1. E.ves with short hairs 52

— Eyes bare 3

2. Palpi with 4 joints Trkhocladius (p. 514)
— Palpi with 3 joints Diplocladius*

3. Pulvilli large Psectrocladius (p. 519)

— Pulvilli absent 4

4. Empodium indistinct Ortliocladius (p. 521)

— Empodium filiform 5

5. Palpi with 4 joints Dndylocladius (p. 526)

— Palpi with 3 joints Trissodadhis*

The members of the genus Cricotopus have hairs on the eyes, and

are rather arbitrarily separated from those of Trkhocladius by the

color of the legs. KiefTer, in 1913!- based his separation of the two

genera on the presence or absence of pulvilli. Cricotopus is stated to

have large pulvilli, but in the species before me it is very difficult to

see them, and unless under high magnification with good light they are

*Unknowii to me.

tRec. Iml. Mus., Vol. 9, p. 123.



514

invisible.* Camptodadius is separable from Orthocladius, sens, lat.,

as indicated in the generic key to Chirononnncc, by the course of the

posterior branch of the cubitus ; but this is variable, and occasionally

it is doubtful to which genus a species belongs.

I include in this paper only species belonging to the State Labora-

tory collection, which represents but a small portion of those occurring

in North America.

Trichocladius Kieffer

Johannsen has described one North American species belonging to

this division, lacteipennis,^ and in the same paper assigns politiis Co-

quillett to it. In a previous paper! he states that several North Amer-
ican species of Orthocladius have hairy eyes, but does not give the

names of the species. Some species included in Camptodadius in this

paper have hairy eyes.

I have included in my key only the species that are represented in

the State Laboratory collection, the early stages of which are unknown
to me.

Key to Species

1. Thorax glossy black, without pale markings; halteres black 2

— Thorax either yellow with dark vittae or opaque black ; halteres pale

2. Scutellum opaque, velvety black 1. nitidus.

— Scutellum shining black 2. nitidellus.

3. Thorax in both sexes glossy, bright yellow, the vittaB glossy black

;

basal joint of fore tarsi three fourths as long as fore tibiae

3. politus.

— Thorax black or obscurely yellowish between the vittse or on the lat-

eral margins; basal joint of fore tarsi less than three fourths as

long as fore tibiae 4

4. Large species, 3 mm. in length ; thorax of male glossy, the ground
color yellow much suffused with fuscous 5

— Smaller species, 1-2 mm. in length; thorax of male opaque black,

generally with yellow lateral margins and faint indications of yel-

low marks between the vittae; thorax of female yellow with red-

dish or blackish vittae 6

5. Third vein ending as far in front of wing-apex as upper branch of

cubitus does behind it 4. infuscatus.

— Third vein ending at less distance in front of wing-apex than upper
branch of cubitus does behind it 5. striatus.

*Trichocladius nitidus, described in this paper, has distinct pulvilli, and except

in having unicolorous legs resembles Cricotopus closely.

tBull. 124 (1908), N. Y. State Mus., p. 282.

tEnt. News, Vol. 18, 1907, p. 400.



515

6. Femora entirely yellow
;
posterior half of fifth and sixth dorsal ab-

dominal segments yellow, the remainder velvety black

6. distinctus.

— Femora blackened on bases 7

7. Abdomen of male black, that of female with narrow pale posterior

margins to segments . distinctus, var. hasalis.

— Abdomen of male whitish or .vellowish, blackened at apex
distinctus, var. bicolor.

I. Trichocladius nitidus, n. sp.

Male.—Black. Head glossy black, scape of antennse concolorous,

flagellum, plumes, and palpi fuscous. Thorax entirely black and highly

polished ; scutellum velvety black. Abdomen velvety black with slight

indication of pale posterior margins to apical three segments. Legs

black, tibiae and tarsi brownish black. Wings clear, veins at base black-

ened, first and third brown, the others pale. Halteres black. Hairs on

body and legs brown.

Pronotum narrow. Hypopygium as in Figure 7, Plate XL. Legs

slender; fore tarsi without long hairs, basal joint three fifths as long

as tibia ; hairs on mid and hind tibiae not much longer than the diameter

of the tibiae. Third vein ends distinctly but not greatly in front of

wing-apex ; distance from cross vein to apex of first slightly less than

distance from the latter to apex of third ; cubitus forks almost directly

below cross vein, its posterior branch almost straight (PI. XXXIX,
Fig. 14).

Length, 2 mm.
Type locality, Monticello, 111., June 28, 19 14 (C. A. Hart and J. R.

Malloch).

Early stages unknown.

2. Trichocl.^dius nitidellus, n. sp.

Male.—Glossy black. Head, including the antennae and their

plumes, black, clypeus yellowish. Pronotum and upper central portion

of pleurae brownish, remainder of thorax glossy black; disc of meso-

notum without pruinescence. Abdomen entirely shining black. Legs
tawny yellow, femora and apices of tarsi brownish. Wings clear,

veins almost colorless except at base. Halteres brown.
Apical joint of antenna about twice as long as the other flagellar

joints combined. Hypopygium similar to that of Camptocladius fla-

vens, the apex of apical portion of lateral arm with a rather slender

thorn situated in a rounded hollow. Legs moderately stout ; fore tarsi

without long hairs, basal joint slightly more than half as long as fore



516

tibiae (25:40), hairs on mid and hind legs short; empodium distinct,

fringed. Third vein ending just beyond beginning of apical curve of

wing; costal vein not projecting beyond apex of third; the cell en-

closed by third vein and costal broad to apex; distance from cross

vein to apex of first subequal to that from apex of first to apex of

third; cubitus forking appreciably beyond cross vein.

Length, 3.5 mm.
Type localitv, St. Joseph, III., Mav i/, 1914, on bank of Salt Fork

(C. A. HartandJ. R:Malloch).

3. Trichocladius politus Coquillett

Orthocladius politus Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 25, 1902, p. 93.

Trichocladius politus (Coquillett) Johannsen, Bull. 124 (1908), N. Y. State

Mus., p. 283.

Male.—Head yellow, antennae and palpi fuscous, base of flagel-

lum yellowish, plumes brown. Thorax glossy yellow, vittae, a spot in

front of and below wing-base, the greater part of sternopleura and of

postnotum glossy black. Abdomen brownish or fuscous, the anterior

portions of basal two or three segments yellowish. Legs yellow, mid
and hind coxse, all femora except at their bases, the apices of tibia;

and of first three tarsal joints blackened, fore tibiae and tarsi and

apical two joints of mid and hind tarsi generally brownish. Wings
clear, veins brown. Halteres clear yellow.

Antenna about 1.5 times as long as head and thorax together;

apical joint of palpi distinctly longer than subapical. Pronotum nar-

rowed towards its upper extremity, central excision deep and broad.

Hypopygium as in Figure 9. Plate XXXVIL Legs slender; fore tarsi

without long hairs, basal joint nearly three fourths as long as fore

tibiae (30: 43) ; mid and hind legs with distinct, though not long, sur-

face hairs; all tarsal claws digitate apically (PI. XXXH, Fig. 9) ;
pul-

villi indistinct ; empodium present. Third vein ending beyond begin-

ning of apical curve of wing, the cell enclosed by it broad and dis-

tinct to apex ; cross vein at wing-middle, almost upright, cubitus fork-

ing below cross vein.

Female.—Agrees in color with the male.

The scape of the antennae is enlarged, the flagellum consists of six

joints, the basal two being closely fused and appearing as one, the

length of this composite joint being slightly less than that of the next

two joints combined (15: 18), the apical joint is much longer than

the others, the comparative lengths of apical and subapical joints be-

ing as 21 to 8; sensory antennal organs slender, hairlike, placed near

apices of the joints; apical joint of palpi distinctly longer than sub-



517

apical, the lengths of the joints from base to apex being respectively

as 10, 15. 20, T,S. In other respects closely resembles the male.

Length, 2.5-3 "''"''•

Illinois locality. Momence, July 17, 19 14. at light (C. A. Hart).

Originally described from a male taken at Washington, D. C. Re-

corded from New Jersey. I have seen examples taken on Plummer's
Island, Md., and at Washington. D. C, in August and October (W.
L. McAfee).

Early stages unknown.

4. Trichocladius infuscatus, n. sp.

Male.—Head yellow ; antennx fuscous, scape glossy black, plumes

fuscous
;
palpi brownish. Thorax glossy black, pronotum, lateral mar-

gins of mesonotum, the spaces between the vittae, and a small portion

of upper part of mesopleura yellowish ; scutellum brown ;
postnotum

black. Abdomen black, venter and apices of the last two or three dor-

sal segments greenish. Legs fuscous, fore co.xae. trochanters, and
base of all femora, mid and hind tibiae and bases of their tarsi green-

ish yellow : fore tibis and tarsi almost unicolorous fuscous. Wings
clear, veins pale brown. Halteres yellow.

Frontal tubercles absent ; antenna about one and a third times as

long as head and thorax combined. Pronotum of moderate breadth.

Hypopygium as in Figure 7, Plate XXX\'II. Legs slender; fore tarsi

without long hairs, basal joint almost three fifths as long as fore tibiae

(21 ; 36) ; hairs on mid and hind legs barely longer than diameter of

the joints which bear them. Third vein ending at about the same dis-

tance in front of wing-apex as upper branch of cubitus does behind it

(PI. XXXIX, Fig. 2) ; cross vein distinctly but not greatly in front

of middle of wing; cubitus forking very slightly beyond cross vein.

Length, 3.25 mm.
Type locality, Peoria, 111.. October 22. 1914, at light (C. A. Hart).
Early stages unknown.
Closely allied to Orthodadius fugax Johannsen, but separable by

the color of the hypopygium, which is whitish in fiigax. and several

structural characters. Probably this is var. a of Johannsen, recorded

from Ithaca, N. Y.. and from Chicago.

5. Trichocladius striatus, n. sp.

Male.—Differs from infuscatus in being paler in color, the face,

ground color of thorax, bases of femora, and the tibiae being yellow.

Structurally it resembles infuscatus closely, differing principally

in the form of the hypopygium as shown in Figure 10, Plate XXX\"II,



518

and in venation, the third and fourth veins and the upper branch of

cubitus ending on wing-margin as shown in Figure 3, Plate XXXIX,
while the venation of infuscatiis is as shown in Figure 2.

(The fore tarsi are absent from type.)

Length, 3 mm.
Type locality, Dubois, III, April 24, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R.

Malloch).

A female taken at Muncie, May 24, 19 14, by the same collectors

may belong to this species. It differs from the male in being pale

yellow, and in having the vittje black, bases of abdominal dorsal seg-

ments brown, and apices of femora, of tibiae, and of all tarsi blackish

brown. The wings are slightly grayish.

The basal joint of fore tarsi is very slightly over half as long as

fore tibiae (16: 30), and the venation is similar to that of male at

apex of wing, though the first vein ends less than midway from cross

vein to apex of third.

6. Trichocladius distinctus, n. sp.

Male.—Black, opaque. Head yellow, antennae black, plumes fus-

cous, whitish at tips. Thorax usually opaque black, with lateral mar-

gins, the spaces between the vittse, and the upper margin of pleurae

yellow, but rarely yellow with the black areas much restricted. Abdo-
men velvety black, hypopygium, posterior half of dorsal segments 5

and 6, and the basal two segments and the lateral margins of the other

ventral segments yellow. Legs yellow, coxae, extreme apices of tibiae,

and apical joint of tarsi blackened. Wings whitish, veins colorless.

Halteres yellow.

Antenna slightly longer than head and thorax together. Prono-

tum of moderate width; mesonotum not produced much in front.

Hypopygium as in Figure 5, Plate XXXVII. Legs rather stout; fore

tarsi without long hairs, basal joint three fifths as long as fore tibise

;

mid and hind legs with moderately long hairs ; all tibiae with distinct

spurs. Third vein ending almost directly above the point where the

anterior branch of cubitus reaches the wing-margin ; cross vein dis-

tinctly in front of wing-middle; cubitus forking slightly beyond cross

vein ; none of the veins dilated.

Female.—Differs from the male in being much paler in color ; the

thorax is yellow, with the vittae, a large portion of sternopleura, a spot

in front of wing-base, and the greater portion of the postnotum

opaque black. The dorsum of the abdomen is opaque black, the seg-

ments having very narrow pale posterior margins except the apical



519

three, which have rather broad, pale posterior bands. In other re-

spects very similar to the male.

The legs are less distinctly haired than those of the male, the cross

vein is nearer to the base of the wing, and the apical portion of first

and third veins are distinctly dilated.

Length, 1.75-2 mm.
Type locality, Havana, 111., taken in numbers at rest upon trees

and buildings at Chautauqua Park on the bank of the Illinois River

(C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Early stages unknown.

Var. basalis, n. var.

Male.—This variety differs from the type in being slightly smaller,

1. 25-1. 5 mm., and in having the bases of all the femora blackened.

In some specimens the black covers the greater part of the femora,

this being most noticeable on the fore pair. The pale margins of the

fifth and sixth abdominal segments are either indistinct or absent.

Female.—Differs from the male in the same manner as the type.

The vittse are occasionally but little darker than the ground color of

the thorax.

Type locality, Havana, April 28-30, 19 14, along the shore of

the Illinois River. Paratypes from the following Illinois localities,

all taken during 1914: Big Muddy River near Grand Tower, April

22 ; Peoria, October 22 ; Rock Island. October 21 ; Muncie, May 24, on

Stony Creek; St. Joseph, May 31,— (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Early stages unknown.

Var. hicolor, n. var.

Two specimens which agree with variety basalis in size and color

of legs differ in the color of the abdomen, the basal half being white

and the pale margins of fifth and sixth segments very broad. The
hypopygium is slightly different also (PI. XXXVII, Fig. 6).

Type locality, St. Joseph, 111., May 3, 1914 (J. R. Malloch).

It is possible that this is a distinct species, but more specimens are

requisite to render an opinion advisable.

PsECTROCLADius Kieffcf

The species in this division, as far as my present material indi-

cates, are generally much paler than those of Orthodadius, and in this

respect resemble most of those of Trichocladiiis, differing from the



520

latter in having the eyes bare. The distinction between Orthocladius

and Pscctrocladius Hes in the absence of pulvilH and empodia in the

former and their presence in the latter. It is a rather unsatisfactory

character, but still an appreciable one, and seems to be coordinated

with the difference in color.

The early stages are not known.

Key to Species

1. Very small species, not exceeding 1 mm. in length; venation as in

Figure 7, Plate XXXIX . 1. sordem.
— Larger species, over 2 mm. in length 2. vernalis.

I. PsECTROCLADius SORDENS Johannscn

Orthocladius gardens Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mu8., 1905, p. 272.

Female.—Yellow, opaque. Head yellow, apical joint of antenna;

and the palpi subfuscous. Mesonotum with three brown vittse ; sterno-

pleura and a spot slightly in front of wing-base brown ; scutellum yel-

low
;
postnotum dark brown. Abdomen with a median fuscous fascia,

which is generally rather broad and occasionally extends to apex of

abdomen. Legs and halteres yellow. Wings clear, veins pale yellow.

Pronotum distinct, not broad, linear on upper third and discontin-

ued distinctly before upper margin of mesonotum, the latter slightly

protruding anteriorly. Fore tarsi with basal joint half as long as

tibia (5: 10), fourth tarsal joint of all legs shorter than fifth. Third
vein not reaching beyond beginning of apical curve ; cross vein oblique,

one third from wing-base; cubitus forking distinctly beyond cross

vein, posterior branch sinuate. (PI. XXXIX, Fig. 7.)

Length, .75-1 mm.
Illinois locality, Urbana. A large series of females taken by the

writer at a State Laboratory desk-light May 4, 19 14.

Originally described from Ithaca, N. Y., by Johannsen, who sug-

gested at the time that two mutilated specimens from South Dakota
which he had before liim might also belong to this species.

The male and early stages are undescribed.

2. PSECTROCLADIUS VERNALIS, n. sp.

Male.—Yellow, slightly shining. Head yellow ; scape of antenna-

black, flagellum brown, yellowish at base, plumes brownish, paler at

bases ; palpi fuscous at apices. Mesonotum with shining brownish

black vittffi, pleural spots and pronotum black or brownish black. Ab-
domen brown, hypopygium yellowish. Legs yellow; apices of tarsi



521

slightly browned ; mid and hind tibijc with the usual black apical comb.

Wings clear, veins colorless. Halteres yellow.

Eyes bare; antenna slightly longer than head and thora.x com-
bined ; palpi 4-jointed. Hypopygium as in Figure 14. Plate XXX\'II.
Legs moderately stout ; fore tarsi without long hairs, basal joint five

sevenths as long as fore tibias: pulvilli and empodia large; mid and
hind legs with short hairs. Third vein straight, ending slightly be-

yond beginning of apical curve of wing and directly above apex of

upper branch of cubitus ; cross vein slightly before middle of wing,

and distinctly, though not greatly, in front of fork of cubitus; poste-

rior branch of cubitus nearly straight; distance from cross vein to

ape.x of first subequal to that from apex of first to apex of third; sec-

ond vein (Ro) distinct.

Length. 3.25 mm.
Tvpe localitv. Dubois. 111.. April 24. 1914 (C. A. Hart and T. R.

Malloch).

Differs from sordciis in venation and color particularly.

Orthocl-\dius \'an der W'ulp, sens, stric.

Only a few North American species are left in the genus Ortlw-

cladiiis as restricted by Kiefifer. and these, as far as our Illinois spe-

cies are concerned, are of an almost unicolorous black except in the

females, which occasionally have the ground color of the thorax yel-

lowish. In addition to this almost constant unicolorous character the

species are so very similar in structural details that at times one is

doubtful as to whether the slight differences are those between indi-

viduals of a single species or distinctions that are of specific import-

ance. I have divided the species before me upon the characters given

in the synoptic key. and believe that those selected are really of spe-

cific value, though difficult to distinguish. The empodia, when pres-

ent, are always very small—a character that readily separates the spe-

cies from Caiiil^tocladiiis.

Key to Species ix Collectiox (Males)

L Wing with cross vein subparallcl with first vein (PI. XXXIX. Fig.

12) ; basal portion of lateral arm of hypopygittm with poorly de-

veloped process on inner side 1. subparallelus.

— Wing with eross vein almost at right angles to first vein (PI.

XXXIX. Fig. 11) : or basal portion of lateral arm of hj-po-

pygium with well-developed process on inner side "2

2. Fore tarsi with dense and very long hairs 2. pdipes.
— Fore tarsi with at most sparse hairs which are. except in nivoriun-

dus, but little longer than the joints which bear them 3



3. Scutellum yellow, remainder of thorax black; ei'oss vein not at right

angles to first vein (PI. XXXIX, Fig. 13) ; apical portion of lat-

eral arm of hypop.ygium as in Figure 10, Plate XL
3. flavoscutellatus.

— Scutellum concolorous with mesonotum, or but little paler; cross

vein almost at right angles to first vein 4
4. Halteres pale yellow 5
— Halteres brown or blackish 6

5. Basal joint of fore tarsi nearly three fourths as long as fore tibia;

(26 : 35) 4. lacteipennis.

— Basal joint of fore tarsi two thirds as long as fore tibiae

5. ohumbratiis.

6. Basal joint of fore tarsi about four fifths as long as fore tibise;

hypopygium as in Figure 3, Plate XXXVII 6. nigritiis.

— Basal joint of fore tarsi distinctly less than four fifths as long as

fore tibiae 7. nivoriundus.

I. Orthocladius subparahelus, n. sp.

Male.—Black, slightly shining. Head, including antennae and
their plumes, fuscous. Thorax black, disc shining, the membranous
portion of pleurae brownish yellow. Legs fuscous, tibiae and tarsi pale

brown. Wings slightly grayish, veins brown. Halteres fuscous.

Eyes bare; palpi 4-jointed. Pronotum of moderate breadth

throughout, central dorsal excision broad and distinct; mesonotum
with few discal hairs. Hypopygium as in Figure 6, Plate XL, the pro-

jection on inner side of basal portion of lateral arm very weak. Legs
slender; fore tarsi without long hairs, basal joint slightly more than

half as long as fore tibiae (18: 33) ; mid and hind legs with moder-
ately long fine hairs. Third vein ending much in front of apex of

wing; cross vein subparallel with first (PI. XXXIX, Fig. 12) ; cubitus

forking very slightly beyond apex of cross vein.

Length, 2.5 mm.
Type locality, Grand Tower, III, April 21, 1914, on bank of Mis-

sissippi River (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Female and early stages unknown.

2. Orthocladius piupEs, n. sp.

Male.—Differs in color from subparallelus in being less intensely

black, and in having distinct grayish pruinescence between the thoracic

vittae, and the tibiae but little paler than the femora.

The pronotum is broad, with a narrow but distinct central dorsal

excision, and the disc of mesonotum has sparse long hairs. Hypo-
pygium as in Figure 8, Plate XXXVII. Fore tarsi with very long



523

and dense hairs, the length of those on the apical half of basal joint

at least equal to the length of fourth joint, basal joint over two thirds

as long as fore tibiae (40: 55) ; mid and hind legs with long hairs.

Third vein ending beyond beginning of apical curve of wing, but dis-

tinctly in front of wing-apex; distance from cross vein to apex of first

slightly exceeding distance from latter to apex of third ; cross vein

( PI. XXXIX, Fig. 1 1 ) slightly sloping ; cubitus forking below cross

vein.

Length, 3.5-4.5 mm.
Type locality, Urbana, 111., March 21, 1889, swarmmg about ever-

greens (John Alarten).

Female and early stages unknown.
This species bears a strong resemblance to f^iibitarsis Zetterstedt,

which has been recorded from Greenland by Lundbeck. It dififers

from the description of that species in having dark halteres, and the

basal joint of fore tarsi distinctly shorter than fore tibiae. Barlncor-

iiis Linne is described as having the fore femora and tibiae with long

hairs and the fore tarsi short-haired. In pilipcs there are no long hairs

on the femora and tibiae, while the tarsal hairs are very long and dense.

Johannsen describes barbiconiis as having long hairs on femora and

tibije, and Schiner's description also leads one to infer that, contrary

to the general rule, the fore legs are uniformly hairy, which is not the

case in the species before me. In view of these facts I have no hesi-

tation in describing the species as new.

3. Orthocl-a-dius fl.woscutellatus, n. sp.

Male.—Black, shining. Head brownish; antennje and their plumes

fuscous ;
palpi fuscous, yellowish at base. Thorax black, disc glossy,

areas between vittse slightly paler than vittse and with sparse pale prui-

nescence ; upper central portion of pleurse brownish ; scutellum yellow
;

postnotum black. Abdomen brownish black, shining. Legs brown-
ish yellow, bases of femora and the trochanters clear yellow, femora

towards apices darker than other portions of legs. Wings clear, veins

pale. Halteres yellow. Thoracic and abdominal hairs yellow.

Second joint of palpi with a prolongation at tip, which is about as

long as diameter of joint at insertion of third. Mesonotum with

rather sparse long hairs between the vittas. Hypopygium as in Figure

10, Plate XL. Legs slender, without long hairs; basal joint of fore

tarsi very slightly exceeding half the length of fore tibiae (15: 28) ;

empodium very weak. Third vein ending at beginning of apical curve

of wing, costa extending slightly beyond apex of third ; distance from
apex of cross vein to apex of first subequal to that from apex of first



524

to apex of third, cross vein as in Figure 13, Plate XXXIX; cubitus

forking distinctly, but not greatly, beyond apex of cross vein.

Length, 2 mm.
Tvpe localitv, Muncie, 111., Mav 24, 1914; swept from vegetation

on bank of Stony Creek (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Female and early stages unknown.

4. Orthocladius l.\cteipennis, n. sp.

Male.—Black, slightly shining. Head yellowish; antennae, in-

cluding the plumes, black
;

palpi fuscous. Pronotum yellowish

;

mesonotum black, yellowish on anterior lateral angles, disc with whit-

ish pruinescence which is distinct only when viewed from behind ; up-

per portion of pleurae yellowish centrally, the remainder, as well as

scutellum and postnotum, subshining black. Abdomen black, slightly

shining, posterior margins of last two segments narrowly pale. Legs
fuscous, tibiae and tarsi paler. Wings whitish, veins almost colorless,

the thickened portion at base blackened. Halteres pale yellow.

Antenna equal to length of head and thorax together. Pronotum
rather broad and of equal width throughout. Hypopygium similar to

that of pilipcs, the extension of dorsal plate of moderate length, taper-

ing, armed with numerous hairs; appendage on inner surface of

basal portion of lateral arm of moderate size, rounded ; apical portion

of lateral arm very like that of nivoriundits. Fore tarsi without long

hairs, basal joint about three fourths as long as fore tibiae (26: 35) ;

fifth joint five sixths as long as fourth ; empodium distinguishable, but

shorter than claws and very slender; mid and hind legs with short

hairs. Third vein almost straight, extending beyond beginning of

apical curve of wing; cubitus forking directly below cross vein.

Length, 2.5 mm.
Type locality. South Haven, Mich., July 14, 19 14, on shore of

Lake Michigan (C. A. Hart).

Female and early stages unknown.

5. Orthocladius obumbratus Johannsen

Orthocladius oivmhratus Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State Mus., 1905, p. 281.

This species differs from lacteipcnnis in being slightly larger, and
in having the wings and halteres slightly brownish and the basal joint

of the fore tarsi two thirds as long as the fore tibife. The hypopygia
of the species of Orthocladius are almost identical; in fact, through-
out the whole genus these organs show but little variation.

Length, 3 mm.
Locality, Ithaca, N. Y., April, 1902 (O. A. Johannsen).
I have not seen this species from Illinois.



525

6. Orthocladius nigritus, n. sp.

Differs from the foregoing in having the basal joint of the fore

tarsi four fifths as long as the fore tibiae, the hypopygium as in Figure

3, Plate XXXX^II, and the halteres brown or black. In other respects

very similar to both ohumhratns and nivormndus.
Length, 2.5-3 "''"''•

Type locality, Cabin John, Md., Feb. 16, 1913 (W. D. Appel).

Type in collection of U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey. Para-

types in collection of Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

7. Orthocladius nivoriuxdus Fitch

Chironomus nivormndus Fitch, Winter Insects of Eastern New York, p. 274. 1846.

Orthocladius nivoriundus (Fitch) Johannsen, Bull. 86, N. Y. State M\is., 1905,

Larva.—Length, 8-9 mm. Brownish yellow. Antenna; of mod-
erate length, not over one third as long as head, basal joint about five

times as long as its diameter, second joint about one fifth as long as

basal and subequal to remaining joints taken together ; eye spots indis-

tinguishable in cast skin ; labium as in Figure 16, Plate XXIX ; mandi-
bles each with three distinct teeth; anal tufts each consisting of about

twelve hairs, basal papillae about twice as long as their diameter; dor-

sal blood-gills well developed; anterior pseudopods with many soft,

dark apical hairs and numerous short preapical setulse
;
posterior pseu-

dopods with the apical hairs clawlike.

Pupa.—Length, 6-7 mm. Brown. Thoracic respiratory organs
as in Figure i, Plate XXXVIII; abdominal segments 2-6 with the

disc, except the lateral and extreme anterior margins, covered with

very small setulse (Fig. 9), those on the sixth segment being in groups
of two to four, and those on the other segments occurring singly ; seg-

ments 2-7 each with four brownish spots, one near each antero-lateral

angle and one on each side of the median line about one third from
the posterior margin; second segment without posterior transverse

row of strong setulje ; eighth segment as in Figure 5, Plate XXXVIII

;

apical abdominal appendages with moderately long lateral fringe and
three long apical hairs (Fig. 3).

Imago; Male.—x\grees in color with nigritus, differing principally

in the comparative lengths of the basal joint of the fore tarsi and fore

tibiae and in the structure of the hypopygium (PI. XXXVII, Fig. 12).

Length, 3-4 mm.
Illinois localities : Illinois River at Havana ; Homer and St.

Joseph; Dubois and Parker.



526

Originally described from New York. A species recorded from
Gallinas River, Las Vegas, N. M., by Johannsen, is stated to differ in

size—both larva and imago—from nivoriundiis, and Johannsen sug-
gests that it may be a distinct species.

The larval labium figured for this species by Johannsen does not
agree with that of the larvae I reared, as will be seen by comparison of
his figure with mine, but the pupa agrees entirely with the description

given by him. One pupal specimen differs from the typical form in

having the thoracic respiratory organs as in Figure 2, Plate

XXXVIII, and the eighth abdominal segment as in Figure 4. This
may be a distinct species, but I have reared only one female specimen
and can find no good character for separating it from the female of
nivoriuiidits.

Dactylocladius Kiefifer

This division, or subgenus, includes species which are distin-

guished from Orthocladius by the presence of linear empodia. It is

seldom that the empodium is indistinguishable under a high-power
lens, but it is very small. In the species which I have referred to

Dactylodadins the empodium is longer than the claws. There are in

bre-i'inerz'is other differences in structure which might be considered as

of equal value for the separation of at least the males of the two spe-

cies here dealt with, but the generic characters of Dactylocladius have
not been indicated sufficiently by Kieffer, and as the type species may
possess the characters of either brcJinervis or pleiiralis I am unable to

utilize them in limiting the group.

Key to Species

1. Third vein ending noticeably proximad of apex of anterior branch
of cubitus ; second vein indistinguishable 1. hrevinervis.

— Third vein ending distad of apex of anterior branch of cubitus or

very little proximad of it ; second vein distinct 2

2. Yellow species, general color of thorax pale yellow, contrasting

markedly with the blackish vitta 2. pleuralis.

— Black species, ground color of thorax blackish. .3. albidolialteralis.

I. Dactylocladius brevinervis, n. sp.

Male.—Black, shining. Head yellowish, antennae and palpi fus-

cous. Mesonotum distinctly shining, spaces between the vittse ochre-

ous
;

pleura; dull yellow ; scutellum obscurely yellowish
;
postnotum

black. Abdomen black, without pale markings. Legs obscurely yel-

lowish, fore femora slightly brownish. Wings clear, veins very pale.

Halteres yellow.



Palpi 4-jointed. Rlesonotum and abdomen with sparse hairs.

Hypopygium as in Figure 12, Plate XL. Legs slender, mid and hind

pairs with moderately long hairs; fore tarsi with basal joint nearly

three fourths as long as fore tibije (14: 20) ; hind tibia with two long

apical spurs; fourth joint of hind tarsus very slightly longer than

fifth ; tarsal claw long, curved, digitate apically ; empodium long, dis-

tinctly fringed. Third vein ending considerably in front of apex of

wing (PI. XXXIX, Fig. 5) ; second vein (R,) indistinguishable.

Length, 1.75-2.5 mm.
Type locality, Muncie, 111., May 24, 1914; swept from vegetation

on bank of Stony Creek (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch). Paratypes

from Peoria, April 10, 1912, on a small creek; and from Havana, 111.,

April 22, 1898, at light, mouth of Spoon River (C. A. Hart).

The absence of the second vein (Ro) distinguishes the species

readily from any other in the genus OrthocladUis which I have seen.

It may not really be congeneric with the genotype of Dactylocladhts; I

am unable to decide from the description given by Kieffer. The para-

types differ from the type in having the ground color of the thorax

fuscous.

2. Dactylocladius pleuraus, n. sp.

Male.—Bright yellow, shining. Head j'ellow ; antennae and their

plumes entirely fuscous; palpi yellow, apical half infuscated. Rleso-

notum clear yellow, the vittae brownish black, shining, clearly defined,

no distinct division of the middle vitta; sternopleura black with the

exception of the upper posterior angle, and also a small black spot

slightly below and in front of wing-base ; scutellum clear yellow
;
post-

notum black, slightly yellowish at base. Abdomen shining black, base

of first segment and hypopygium yellowish. Legs yellow, apices of

fore femora, the fore tibiae, and apices of tarsi slightly browned ; mid
and hind tibiae with the normal apical black comb. Wings clear, veins

almost colorless. Halteres yellow.

Pronotum extending almost to upper margin of mesonotum, with-

out a central excision. Mesonotum with but few weak hairs. Ab-
domen slender, segments of almost equal length throughout; hypo-
pygium as in Figure 13, Plate XXXVII. Legs slender; fore tarsus

without long hairs, basal joint slightly more than half as long as tibia

(20: 35) ; mid and hind legs with moderately long pale surface hairs

and distinct apical spurs. Cross vein slightly before middle of wing,

not upright; cubitus forking distinctly beyond cross vein, the poste-

rior branch slightly curved; second vein (Ro) distinct.

Length, 2.25 mm.



528

Type locality, St. Joseph, 111., May 17, 19 14, swept from vegeta-

tion on bank of Salt Fork (J. R. Malloch).

This species differs in venation from brcviucrvis, and might rea-

sonably be considered as generically distinct. Owing to the doubt I

have as to the venation of the genotype I consider it advisable to leave

both species in Dactylocladius until I obtain information upon this

point, or until some other worker supplies the necessary data,

3. Dactylocladius albidohalteralis, n. sp.

Female.—Glossy black. Head, including antennje, fuscous. Meso-
notum without pruinescence. Abdomen unicolorous black, less dis-

tinctly glossy than mesonotum. Legs whitish yellow, femora fuscous.

Wings smoky, veins brown, base of wing, including the veins, whitish.

Halteres yellow, knobs white.

Antenna about as long as head and thorax together, intermediate

flagellar joints each about five times as long as their diameter, sensory

organs weak, hairlike. Legs rather stout; basal joint of fore tarsi

about half as long as fore tibise; fourth and fifth joints of hind tarsi

subequal ; empodium larger than claws, long-fringed. Third vein end-

ing just beyond beginning of apical curve of wing, slightly sinuate,

costal vein continued beyond apex of third ; distance from cross vein

to apex of first about half as great as that from apex of first to apex

of third ; second vein distinct ; cubitus forking distinctly beyond cross

vein.

Length, 1.25 mm.
Type locality, Monticello, 111., June 30, 19 14, on bank of Sanga-

mon River (C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

This species bears a strong resemblance to Camptocladms flavi-

basis, but is readily distinguishable by the fact that the posterior

branch of the cubitus is not bisinuate.

Unidentified Larv^ and Pup^ of Chironomin^

In the collection of the State Laboratory of Natural History there

are many specimens of larvae and pupse of Chirouoinincr which it has
not been found possible to associate with imagines. Most of these

specimens were obtained during the years 1912-13, when press of

other work and want of facilities for rearing the larvae prevented any
attempt to secure data bearing on the specific identity of the material

obtained. During 1914 several species were reared by the writer and
the connection established between larva, pupa, and imago; but the

species included in the subsequent part of this paper must remain in

their present specifically unidentified condition until some one sue-



529

ceeds in rearing them and identifying them with their respective

aduhs.
Chironomus sp. A

Pupa.—Length, 4-5 mm. Frontal tubercles small, thick. Abdom-
inal segments 2-6 with pale, short, and rather broad dorsal setuh'e,

which are not distinct on posterior portion of the segments; second

segment with the normal apical row of closely placed setulae, which

are rather long and pale ; eighth segment with a conspicuous bifid

apical lateral thorn (PI. XXXI, Fig. 11, a, b) which varies some-

times in structure; fringe of usual apical appendages fine, closely

placed, and of moderate length; a pair of unfringed apical appendages

project caudad of the usual pair.

Illinois localitv, Thompson's Lake, near Havana, April 2y, 1914

(C. A. Hart and j. R. Malloch).

Pupal exuviffi of this species were floating on the surface of

Thompson's Lake in numbers, but no example was found which con-

tained the imago, and though the latter is probably described in this

paper it is impossible to associate the two because of the very large

number of species occurring on the lake when the pupa was taken.

Chironomus sp. B

Lan'ii.—Length, 15 mm. Red? Head broad and short; eye spots

small, widely separated, the space between the upper and lower spots

equal to nearly three times the height of the upper one ; labrum as in

Figure 7, Plate XXIII ; antenns (PI. XXX, Fig. 6) situated on slight-

ly raised bases, basal joint more than four times as long as its diam-

eter, the remaining joints one third as long as basal, third joint slightly

less than a third as long as second, fourth subequal to third, fifth short-

er than fourth ; maxillary palpus as in Figure 5 ; mandibles without dis-

tinct teeth (Fig. 3) ; labial teeth truncate (PI. XXIX, Fig. 5). Elev-

enth segment without ventral blood-gills ; anterior and posterior pseu-

dopods stout, the former with weak apical hairs, the latter with the

normal apical claws ; dorsal tufts weak, consisting of about six hairs,

the basal papillae short and inconspicuous, dorsal blood-gills large,

about 2.5 times as long as their diameter.

Illinois localities : Illinois River at Havana, Hardin, Grafton, and

Meredosia. Taken by dredging.

No attempt was made to rear the species.

Chironomus sp. C

Lanv.—Length, 6-7 mm. Greenish, with a slight reddish tinge.

Structurally this species closely resembles digitatiis. The antennae of



530

the single specimen of digitatus before me are broken, so that it is im-

possible to say whether those of species C (PI. XXX, Fig. 2) resem-

ble them. The labial plate and other details of the two species appear

to be identical.

Pupa.—Length, 4 mm. Head as in Figure 13, Plate XXXVIII.
the bifid projections conspicuous; thoracic respiratory organs termi-

nating in numerous hairlike filaments; disc of thorax with minute

setulse
;
posterior margins of dorsal abdominal segments 2-6 each with

a transverse row of flattened setulse which are regularly spaced and of

rather small size; close to the posterior margin of each segment on

each side of the median line are two or three fine hairs in a transverse

line; near each lateral margin about middle of segments is a similar

single hair, and another near base on each side of median line ; lateral

margins of segments with a few weak, flattened hairs; apical appen-

dages short, densely fringed with long hairs ; in addition to the normal

apical appendages there are two large ventral lobes, each ending in a

short thornlike point, and a central projection ending in two slender

rounded branches.

Localities, Havana, June 5, 1896, Ottawa, and Meredosia, on the

Illinois River.

An imago reared from one of the pupae obtained at Havana very

closely resembles fulviis Johannsen in structure of legs and hypo-

pygium, but Johannsen makes no mention of the extraordinary appen-

dages on head of pupa, and the specimens before me show no spur on

middle of lateral arm of eighth abdominal segment. As the reared

specimen was in alcohol and in poor condition it is impossible to iden-

tify it authoritatively.

Tanytarsus sp. A
Pupa.—Length, 3-4 mm. Abdomen : second dorsal segment with

very weak pale setulse on posterior half, and the usual transverse

apical series of brown thorns ; third with weak dorsal setulae similar to

those on the second, and a conspicuous rounded patch of black spines

on median line near base; segments 4-6 with larger, slightly trans-

verse patches of black spines near base ; apical lateral margin of eighth

segment with 6-8 short spines. Thoracic respiratory organs missing.

Illinois locality, Thompson's Lake, near Havana, April 27, 19 14
(C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Tanytarsus sp. B

Pupa.—Similar to the foregoing except that there is no group of

black spines on the third abdominal segment.



531

Illinois locality, Thompson's Lake, near Havana, April 27, 1914

(C. A. Hart and j. R. Malloch).

Only pupal exuvise of the foregoing two species were obtained.

Tanytarsus sp. C

Larva.—Length, 4-5 mm. Very like cxigitiis, but differing in

form of labium (PI. XXIX, Fig. 14).

Illinois locality, Illinois River at Havana.

May be a variety of exigmis.

Orthocladius sp. A

Larva.—Length, 4-5 mm. Yellowish. Head slightly more than

a fourth longer than broad ; eye spots distinctly separated, the upper

one largest ; antenna short, about equal in length to the mandible, base

slightly raised, basal joint five times as long as its diameter, second

joint slightly less than one third as long as basal and as long as next

two joints together; labium (PI. XXIX, Fig. 13) with the central

portion pale, without teeth, lateral portions much darker, with four

teeth.

Illinois locality, Illinois River at Dresden Heights, by dredging.

No attempt was made to rear the species.

Orthocladius sp. B

Larva.—Length, 6 mm. Yellowish brown. Head a third longer

than wide; labium as in Figure 21, Plate XXIX. In other respects

similar to dissiiiiilis.

Illinois locality. Salt Fork at Homer Park, March 16, 1914 (C. A.

Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Orthocladius sp. C

Larva.—Length, 5-6 mm. Yellowish. Labium as in Figure 20,

Plate XXIX ; mandibles with three distinct teeth. Except in the form
of the labium this species closely resembles species E.

Illinois locality, Illinois River at Havana (C. A. Hart).

Orthocladius sp. D

Pupa.—Length, 4—5 mm. Yellowish brown. Thoracic respira-

tory organs long and slender, of nearly equal diameter throughout

their entire length, surfaces without noticeable setulse. Second ab-



532

dominal segment with band of strong setula; on posterior margin con-

sisting of three transverse series, and a less distinct transverse band
of about the same width on disc of segment, separated from the pos-

terior band by a clear space which is about equal in width to the band
itself, disc anterior to the preapical band with very weak setulse which
are only visible under a high magnification ; segments 3-5 with the

greater part of the disc covered with setula; except near the anterior

margin, and on several oval areas, two or three of which are most
conspicuous near the posterior margin, where the setulje become
rather stronger, and slightly in front of the posterior margin there is

a bare transverse strip, and on the posterior margin a transverse band
of very weak setulae which are more numerous than those on second

segment; sixth segment similar to fifth except that the setulse are

strongest on middle of disc instead of near posterior margin and that

there is a rather noticeable group near the postero-lateral angle ; each

setulose segment with several weak hairs, four of which, the most dis-

tinct, being widely separated and forming a transverse line near pos-

terior margin; lateral margin of each segment with a single weak hair

near middle and another near apex which are not flattened as in other

species. In other respects similar to nivoriundus.

Illinois locality, Thompson's Lake, near Havana, April 27, 1914.

(C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch).

Orthocladius sp. E

Larva.—This species very closely resembles species C, except that

the central pale portion of the labium is simple (PI. XXIX, Fig. 17).

Illinois locahties : Illinois River at Spring Valley, Starved Rock,
De Pue, and Marseilles ; and Spoon River.

Genus incertus A
Several larval specimens in the collection of the State Laboratory

belong to a genus which I can not definitely identify without reared

material. It is possible that they belong either to Cricotopus or to Or-
thocladius, sens. lat.

Larva.—Length, 3.5-4.5 mm. Greenish. Head nearly twice as

long as broad; eye spots separated by a short interval or confluent;

antenna slightly longer than mandible, basal joint more than three

times as long as its diameter, second joint about one third the length

of basal and nearly as long as the next three joints taken together

;

mandibles with 2 very poorly defined teeth ( PI. XXX, Fig. i ) ; labial

plate rather variable in form, generally as in Figure 15, Plate XXIX,



533

but occasionally the central tooth is shorter than in the figure, while

the first laterals are longer and the outer short teeth are less conspicu-

ous. The figure represents the labial plate as flattened by pressure, so

that the lateral margins are more divergent than in nature. Anal

pseudopods and blood-gills normal in form ; anal tufts short, the basal

papillje inconspicuous.

Illinois localities : Illinois River at Hardin and Grafton, by dredg-

ing.

Gexi's ixcertus B

Several larval specimens in the collection of the State Laboratory

resemble Cricotopits trifasciahis in having distinct hairs on the tho-

racic and abdominal segments, but without rearing the species I have

no means of deciding whether it really belongs to Cricotopus.

Larva.—Length, 3.5-4 mm. Green. Head distinctly longer than

broad; antenna short, about equal in length to mandible (PI. XXX,
Fig. 11); labial plate with a very long hair on each side at base

(PI. XXIX, Fig. 23); anal segments as in Figure 7, Plate XXX;
(I can discern but one pair of respiratory organs;) arrangement of

hairs on segments as shown in the figure; claws of posterior pseudo-

pods retractile.

Illinois localities: Illinois River at Grafton and La Grange, and

the Sangamon River near its mouth.

Genus incertus C

Larva.—Length, 2-^ mm. Green. Head nearly twice as long as

broad; eye spots large, confluent; antennae very slender, half as long

as head, second joint blackened (PI. XXX, Fig. 8) ; labial plate elon-

gate (PI. XXIX, Fig. 22) ; thoracic and abdominal segments without

hairs; anterior and posterior pseudopods elongate, the former witli

apical claws which are but little weaker than those of the posterior

pair; dorsal blood-gills well developed; anal tufts weak, basal papilLx

short and inconspicuous.

Illinois locality, Illinois River at Dresden Heights, by dredging.

Very probably this species belongs near Cricotopus, but no attempt

was made to rear it.

Genus incertus D

Larva.—Length, 5-6 mm. Green. Head about a fourth longer

than broad; antennae about a third as long as head (PI. XXX, Fig. 4),
consisting of 6 joints; labium as in Figure 18, Plate XXIX, in one

specimen with the central division and the one between the central

tooth and the first lateral indistinct, as shown by upper outline in the



figure; mandibles with two moderately strong teeth and one weak
tooth in addition to the apical one ; anterior and posterior pseudopods

stout and short, claws of posterior pair pale and inconspicuous ; dorsal

blood-gills stout and well developed; anal tufts each consisting of

about 6 pale hairs, situated on weak papillae ; body without noticeable

hairs.

Illinois locality, Illinois River at Grafton.

This species may belong to Tanyfarsiis. No attempt was made to

rear the species, owing to press of other work.

Distribution of Chironomid.e in the ItUNOis River

The principal reason for undertaking the work upon Clvironomidcv,

the result of which is embodied in this paper, was to discover what
species occurred in the Illinois River and connected lakes and to de-

termine their distribution. Unfortunately we are not in possession of

data or materials to warrant any definite statement as to the distribu-

tion of the species prior to the opening of the Chicago Drainage Ca-
nal ; but it is reasonably safe to assume that before that time condi-

tions on the upper Illinois were very similar to those on the lower por-

tion of the river today. When, therefore, we discover that the Chiro-

nomidcc occur in markedly decreasing numbers as we near the outlet

of the canal, where, under natural conditions, insect life should be as

abundant as elsewhere on the river, it is an unavoidable conclusion

that the comparative absence of these larvae is an indication that the

water is unsuited to their requirements. As previously stated under

Chironomiis viridicoUis, the presence of "blood-worms" in any body
of water is not an indication that such water is polluted, although they

may be, and often are, found in water that is contaminated with sew-

age. There are, however, but few species to be found in badly pol-

luted water, most species being confined to unpolluted water or to that

which is but slightly tainted. Even blood-red larvae are not in all

cases found in polluted water, as the two largest species occurring in

the Illinois are confined to the parts of the river which are compar-
atively clean.

C. fcrriigineovittatus occurs principally in collections made in the

various lakes (Fish, Crane, Stewart's, and Thompson's), but also in

the channel of the river at Havana and Pekin. This is the largest

species, measuring on an average slightly over two inches.

C. tciitans (?), which averages an inch in length, is much more
common than ferrugincovittatus and is more widely distributed, oc-

curring indiscriminately in lakes and in the river channel north to



535

Peoria; but beyond that few specimens have been found, and none

at all in that part of the river which is noticeably polluted.

C. lobifcnis, a dull reddish species, averaging nearly half an inch

in length, with only one pair of ventral blood-gills, is one of the com-
monest species represented in our collections, and occurs in almost

every collection of any size from localities on the Illinois and con-

nected waters up to and including De Pue and Hennepin, and also the

semi-isolated De Pue Lake. It was not taken from the foul bottom

anywhere above De Pue.

C. modestus, a green species found commonly in the lower river,

at Havana, and also in other rivers and creeks throughout the state,

was found in a single collection made at Ottawa.

C. viridicollis is one of the most widely distributed species repre-

sented in the river collections, occurring as far north as Spring Valley

and Starved Rock, where the water is appreciably polluted.

Orthocladiits sp. E occurred in collections from Spring Valley,

Starved Rock, and Marseilles.

In the part of the river beyond Ottawa (eastward) but few larvae

were found, but examples of Tanypns dyari occur among the collec-

tions made at Marseilles, above the dam, and at Morris. This species

has been reared from larva? found in Boneyard Creek at Urbana,
which is badly polluted with sewage ; and it is reported to have been

reared from lar^'se found in temporary puddles on waste ground at

Washington, D. C.

A species, greenish in color and measuring about 7 mm., which I

am unable to identify exactly—it may be C. flaz'iis—has been found
in a great number of collections from different parts of the river. The
fact that Ottawa is among the localities from which it is listed in my
notes, shows that it occurs in the polluted portion of the river as well

as in parts that are comparatively clean—as at Havana.
Although we have no data connected with the upper part of the

river prior to the opening of the canal which can be compared with

data obtained since that event, we have evidence that in other Illinois

rivers, where there are no such conditions of pollution, the insect

fauna does not suffer material diminution towards the sources of these

rivers, though at times there may be a change in its constituents.

From the fact that out of probably one hundred species of Chiro-

nomidcr that may be found in various portions of the lower Illinois

not over a dozen are met with in the portion between De Pue and
Morris, it is, to my mind, clearly evident that the influx of sewage
matter from the drainage canal in question very seriously reduces the

number of these insects normal to the river.



536

Summary of Illinois Genera and Species in Comparison
WITH THOSE recorded FOR OTHER STATES

The following list gives a numerical summary of the genera and
species of Chironomidcc that have been taken in Illinois. As the list

is very largely the result of collecting by Mr. Hart and the writer

during 19 14, practically all the included species having been taken on
occasional collecting trips during that year, and as much of the area

within the state has not been visited, the number of species here

listed is in no respect complete, even for the localities to which peri-

odical visits were made.

Number of Illinois Species recorded

"S"



537

Number of Kew Jersey Species



536

In none of the three states can the list be considered as exhaustive,

and much work remains to be done before analytical comparison can
be made between the genera and species of these or other states.

Of the 54 species of Ceratopogomncc listed as occurring in Illinois,

21 are described as new either in the present paper or in recent arti-

cles by the writer. Six of these species have been taken in other

states; 3 in Michigan—one of these occurring also in Arizona—

i

in New York, i in Indiana, and i in Virginia. Of the 21 species

of Tanypincc listed as occurring in the state, 5 are described as new.
None of the new species have been seen from other states up to the

present time. Of the 103 species of Chironornincc Hsted for Illinois

50 are described as new, 6 of these being also represented in the

Laboratory collection by specimens from other states.

One of the most striking instances of the unexpected occurrence

of a species is that of Chironomus octopnnctatus Loew. This species

was originally described from Cuba, in the West Indies, and has not

hitherto been recorded again as far as I am aware. Two specimens
were taken on store windows in Urbana in October.

The fragmentary condition of our knowledge of the species of

Chironomidcc occurring in North America furnishes insufificient data

for an indication of even their probable distribution. I have included

under the species descriptions in this paper, lists of states for which
I have found records of the occurrence of the species, but no doubt
the lists are incomplete in some cases. It is also probable that in

some instances erroneous indentifications are listed, but without hav-
ing access to the material upon which these records are based the

writer can not indicate misidentifications.

Urbana, Illinois, May 1, 1915.



INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES

abbreviatus, Chironomus, 451.

abdoniinalis, Chironomus, 443.

aberrans, Chironomus, 455.

abortivus, Chironomus, 465.

adumbratus, Procladius, 382.

Eequalis, Johannsenomyia, 336.

alaskensis, Paraelunio, 400.

albaria, Johannsenomyia, 335.

albidohalteralis, Dactylocladius, 528.

albidorsata, Bezzia, 349.

albipennis, Chironomus, 435.

albipennis, Forcipomyia, 312.

albiventris, Probezzia, 356.

alboviridis, Chironomus, 482.

aldrichi, Heteromyia, 326.

ambiguus, Forcipomyia, 311.

Anatopynia, 364.

annularis, Chironomus, 443.

antennalis, Hartomyia, 343.

apieata, Bezzia, 348.

aretica, Heteromyia, 343.

argentata, Johannsenomyia, 334.

aterrimus, Camptoeladius, 510.

atra, Corynoneura, 413.

aurea, Forcipomyia, 318.

barberi, Bezzia, 348.

barbicornis, Orthocladius, 523.

barbipes, Chironomus, 436.

basalis, Chironomus, 441.

basalis, Trichocladius distinctus, 519.

bellus, Protenthes, 388.

Bezzia, 345.

bicinctus, Crieotopus, 505.

bicolor, Trichocladius distinctus, 519.

bimacula, Palpomyia, 342.

bimaculata, Johannsenomyia, 333.

bimaeulatus, Chasmatonotus, 499.

bivittata, Probezzia, 357.

brachialis, Chironomus, 426.

braehyneura, Metriocnemus, 498.

brevinervis, Dactylocladius, 526.

Brillia, 401.

brumalis, Forcipomyia, 294.

bysslnus, Camptoeladius, 509.

Camptoeladius, 507.

carneus, Tanypus, 378.

caudelli, Johannsenomyia, 337.

celeripes, Corynoneura, 413.

Ceratolophus, 332.

Ceratopogon, 304.

Chasmatonotus, 499.

Chironomus, 414, 529, 530.

choreus, Protenthes, 387.

ciliatus, Ceratopogon, 316.

cilipes, Forcipomyia, 314.

cinctus, Pseudoculicoides, 311.

claripennis, Chironomus, 439.

claripennis, Protenthes, 387.

clavata, Heteromyia, 361.

cockerelli, Bezzia, 346.

Coelotanypus, 396.

compes, Chironomus, 433.

coneinnus, Procladius, 394.

concolor, Forcipomyia pergandei, 319.

confusus, Tanytarsus, 490.

Corynoneura, 413.

crassicaudatus, Chironomus, 45S.

erassifemorata, Serromyia, 331.

crepuscularis, Culicoides, 303.

cressoni, Heteromyia, 327.

Crieotopus, 501.

cristatus, Chironomus, 481.



540

eulieiformis, Protenthes, 385.

Ciilicoides, 295.

eurriei, Palpomyia, 322.

eurtilamellatus, Chironomus, 474.

Dactylocladius, 526.

decoloratus, Chironomus

decoloiatus, Tanypus, 370.

deeorus, Chironomus, 472.

dentata, Bezzia, 349.

devinctus, Chironomus, 433.

Diamesa, 410.

digitatus, Chironomus, 483.

dimidiata, Johannsenomyia, 333.

dimorphus, Chironomus, 464.

Diplocladius, 513.

dissimilis, Tanytarsus, 404.

distinetus basalis, Triehoeladius, 519.

distinctus bieolor, Triehoeladius, 519.

distinetus, Triehoeladius, 518.

diversa, Hartomyia, 344.

dives, Tanytarsus, 488.

dorneri, Chironomus, 471.

dorsalis, Chironomus, 404.

dubius, Tanytarsus, 496.

dux, Chironomus, 402.

dyari, Tanypus, 379.

elegans, Probezzia, 356.

elegantula, Parabezzia, 359.

eques, Ceratopogou?, 304.

Euryenemus, 401.

Eutanypus, 401.

exiguus, Tanytarsus, 495.

exilis, Crieotopus, 404.

expolita, Pseudobezzia, 351.

fallax, Chironomus, 435.

faseiata, Heteromyia, 360.

faseiata, Sphaeromyas (=Palpomyia),
332.

faseipennis, Chasmatonotus, 499.

faseipes, Chironomus, 455.

fasciventris, Chironomus, 438.

fastuosus, Tanypus, 366.

femorata, Serromyia, 331.

ferrugineovittatus, Chironomus, 446.

festiva, Heteromyia, 361.

festivus, Chironomus, 470.

flavellus, Tanytarsus, 490.

flavens, Camptoeladius, 511.

flavibasis, Camptoeladius, 511.

flavibasis, Crieotopus, 502.

flavicauda, Tanytarsus, 493.

flaviceps, Johannsenomyia, 337.

flavieingula, Chironomus, 432.

flavidula, Johannsenomyia, 335.

flavifrons, Tanypus, 365.

flavipes, Heteromyia, 330.

flavitarsis, Bezzia, 347.

flavonigra, Probezzia, 358.

flavoscutellatus, Orthoeladius, 523.

flavus, Chironomus, 474.

flavus, Orthoeladius, 404.

Foreipomyia, 311.

frauenfeldi, Thalassomyia, 411.

frequens, Chironomus, 452.

fugax, Orthoeladius, 517.

fulva, Thalassomyia, 412.

fulvithorax, Probezzia, 354.

fulviventris, Chironomus, 404.

fulvus, Chironomus, 478.

fumidus, Camptoeladius, 511.

fuseieornis, Chironomus, 466.

fuseiventris, Chironomus, 465.

fusculus, Ceratopogon, 305.

fusinervis, Ceratopogon, 308.

gibber, Probezzia, 357.

gilva, Hartomyia, 343.

glaber, Probezzia, 355.

graminieola, Camptoeladius, 511.

griseopunetatus, Chironomus, 428.

griseus, Chironomus, 468.

guttipennis, Culicoides, 299.

hsematopotus, Culieoides, 302.

halteralis, Chironomus, 467.

halteralis, Johannsenomyia, 338.



harti, Chironomus, 457.

Hartomyia, 339.

Heteromyia, 324.

hieroglyphicus, Culieoides, 297.

hirta, Heteromyia, 330.

hirtipennis, Tanypus, 367.

hyalinus, Chasmatonotus, 499.

hyperboreus, Chironomus, 439.

illinoensis, Chi

illinoensis (lecoloratiis, Chironomui

472.

illinoensis, Palpomyia, 320.

illinoensis, Tanypus, 376.

illinoisensis, Palpomyia, 320.

inceita, Probezzia, 358.

ineognitus, Chironomus, 480.

inconspicuous, Tanypus, 371.

indecisus, Tanypus, 375.

iniiistinetus, Chironomus, 477.

inermis, Parabezzia, 359.

infuscatus, Trichoelailius, 517.

johannseni, Pseudoculicoitles, 311.

Johannseniella, 332.

Johannsenomyia, 332.

johnKoni, Bezzia, 349.

johnsoni, Tanypus, 381.

.iucniidus, Chironomus, 464.

lacteipennis, Orthocladius, 524.

lacteipennis, Triehocladius, 514.

lasiophthalmus, Camptociadius, 509.

lasiops, Camptociadius, 508.

levis, Ceratopogon, 307.

lineatus, Chironomus, 470.

lineola, Chironomus, 470.

lobifer, Chironomus, 430.

lobiferus, Chironomus, 430.

longipennis, Palpomyia, 323.

lundbeeki, iletriocnemus, 498.

Johannsenomyia, 337.

magna, Johannsenomyia, 338.

magnipennis, Johannseniella, 335.

major, Pseudoculicoides, 311.

marginelius, Tanypus, 374.

maturus, Chironomus, 469.

media, Bezzia, 348.

melanops, Tanypus, 369.

Metrioenemus, 497.

modestus, Chironomus, 476.

monilis, Tanypus, 375.

multipunctatus, Culieoides, 296.

mutalnlis, Pseudoculicoides, 310.

muticus, Tanytarsus, 494.

nsevus, Chironomus, 433.

nanus, Chironomus [Metrioenemus],

nebulosa, Hartomyia, 340.

nebulosa, Palpomyia, 322.

neeilhami, Chironomus, 428.

ueoflavellus, Tanytarsus, 489.

neomodestus, Chironomus, 475.

nephopterus, Chironomus, 429.

nigricans, Chironomus, 434.

nigripilus, Tanytarsus, 487.

nigritus, Orthocladius, 525.

nigrohalteralis, Chironomus, 440.

uigropunctatus, Tanypus, 369.

nigrovittatus, Chironomus, 456.

nitidellus, Chironomus, 468.

nitidellus, Triehocladius, 515.

nitidus, Triehocladius, 515.

niveipennis, Chironomus, 438.

uivoriundus, Orthocladius, 525.

nubifera, Palpomyia, 323.

obediens, Tanytarsus, 492.

obseura, Probezzia, 355.

obscura, Thalassomyia, 411.

obscuratus, Chironomus, 479.

obumbratus, Orthocladius, 524.

oceidentalis, Psilotanypus, 395.

octopunctatus, Chironomus, 427.

opaca. Probezzia, 357.



542

opaeithorax, Heteromyia, 329.

Orthoclatlius, sens, lat., 512, 531, 532.

Orthocladius, sens, strie., 521.

pachymera, Probezzia, 355.

palliatus, Chironomus, 441.

pallida, Probezzia, 354.

pallidiventris, Hartomyia, 344.

pallidivittatus, Chironomus tentans,

445.

pallidus, Chironomus, 454.

Palpomyia, 319.

Parabezzia, 358.

Paraclunio, 400.

parvilamellatus, Chironomus, 479.

pedellus, Chironomus, 436.

peregrinus, Ceratopogon, 308.

pergandei concolor, Forcipomyia, 319.

pergandei, ITorcipomyia, 319.

perpulcher, Chironomus, 429.

petiolata, Parabezzia, 359.

phlebotomus, Culicoides, 303.

picta, Hartomyia, 341.

pilipes, Orthocladius, 522.

pilosa, Forcipomyia, 317.

pilosellus, Tanypus, 372.

pinguis, Procladius, 365.

plebeia, Heteromyia, 327.

pleuralis, Dactylocladius, 527.

plumosus, Chironomus, 447.

polita, Johannsenomyia, 335.

politus, Tanytarsus, 493.

politus, Trichocladius, 516.

pratti, Heteromyia, 361.

Probezzia, 352.

Procladius, 390.

Protenthes, 381.

pruinosa, Bezzia, 348.

Psectrocladius, 519.

Pseudobezzia, 351.

Pseudochironomus, 500.

Pseudoculieoides, 309.

pseudoviridis, Chironomus, 450.

Psilotanypus, 395.

pubitarsis, Orthocladius, 523.

pulchripennis, Chironomus, 429.

puliearis, Culicoides, 275.

pulverea, Bezzia, 348.

punctipennis, Bezzia, 346.

punctipennis, Protenthes, 383.

pusio, Tanytarsus, 490.

quadripunetatus, Chironomus, 437.

richardsoni, Pseudochironomus, 500.

riparius, Chironomus, 443.

riparius, Protenthes, 389.

rufa, Heteromyia, 325.

sanguisugus, Culicoides, 301.

scabra, Palpomyia, 321.

scalaenus, Chironomus, 428.

scapularis, Procladius, 393.

schwarzi, Palpomyia, 323.

Serromyia, 331.

serus, Chironomus, 481.

setipes, Bezzia, 349.

setulosa, Bezzia, 350.

similatiis, Tanytarsus, 494.

similis, Chironomus, 481.

similis, Corynoneura, 413.

slossonae, Cricotopus, 506.

slossonae, Palpomyia, 324.

smithi, Probezzia, 357.

sordens, Psectrocladius, 520.

sordidellus?, Orthocladius, 409.

specularis, Forcipomyia, 316.

SphaBromyas, 332.

squamipes, Forcipomyia, 315.

stellatus, Protenthes, 383.

stellifer, Culicoides, 300.

stenammatus, Forcipomyia, 294.

stercorarius, Orthocladius, 507.

stigmalis, Johannsenomyia, 338.

stigmaterus, Chironomus, 453.

striatus, Trichocladius, 517.

subKqualis, Chironomus, 440.

subasper, Palpomyia, 321.

subaterrimus, Caraptocladius, 512.

subparallelus, Orthocladius, 522.

sylvestris, Cricotopus, 505.



tseniapennis, Chironomus, 430.

Tanypus, 366, 397, 398.

Tanytarsus, 484, 530, 531.

Telmatogeton (Goq., nee Schin.), 400.

tenellus, Chironomus, 402.

tentans, Chironomus, 443.

tentans pallidivittatus, Chironomus,

445.

tenuicaudatus, Chironomus, 475.

tenuicornis, Heteromyia, 328.

tenuis, Tanytarsus, 491.

terminalis, Probezzia, 353.

Tersesthes, 401.

texana, Forcipomyia, 295.

Thalassomyia, 411.

Thienemanniella, 413.

thoracicus, Proeladins, 391.

tibialis, Palpomyia, 321.

Trichotanypus, 364.

tricolor, Coelotanypus, 396.

trifasciatus, Cricotopus, 503.

trilobatus, Paraclunio, 400.

Trissocladius, 513.

trivialis, Heteromyia, 329.

unimaculatus, Chasmatonotus, 499.

xmivittatus, Chasmatonotus, 499.

utahensis, Chironomus, 438.

varicolor, Bezzia, 348.

varipennis, Chironomus, 427.

varipennis, Culicoides, 297.

varipes, Cricotopus, 506.

venustula, Bezzia, 347.

venustus, Tanypus, 377.

vernalis, Chironomus, 443.

vernalis, Psectrocladius, 520.

viridicollis, Chironomus, 457.

viridipes, Chironomus, 443.

viridis, Chironomus, 449.

viridis, Hartomyia, 342.

viridiventris, Hartomyia, 342.

viridiventris, Tanytarsus, 491.

waltlii, Diamesa, 410.

wheeleri, Forcipomyia, 294.

zonuhis, Chironomus, 443.



Fig.



Pr.ATr. X\'I1

z

~^>^^yff

^ r / ^ |- r y

'

<3C x:';:r:- -^

x

. 'i, ' :i "X"':T''''X^~ir::rz3czr^^



Plate XVIIT

Lariutl (ind Piipul Dtlnils of Ccraiopofionnui'

Fig. 1. Ccratoponon fiisciihis, diu'sal ;il)il(iiiiin;il liiistlc nf pupa.

Fig. 2. Forcipomijin cilipi.s. sfctidii of tlidi'acic iTspinitiiry organ

of ])iii)a.

Fig. 3. The saiiic, lateral abdominal lii'istk' of impa.
Fig. 4. The sanif. dorsal bristle of larva.

Fig. f). The same, dorso-latei'al l)ristle of larva.

I'^ig. (i. The .same, anterior thorade l)ri.stle of inip.i.

Fig. 7. ('(rdfojiofidii fusculus. lateral view of second alidoininal seg-

Fig. S. Forciiioiiniiii jK lujintdti:', lateral view of seeond alidominal

seiiiiinif ,,f pupa.

Fig. 9. Forrii,<,n,,i;„ ,;i;i,rs. claws of anterior i)seudoiiods.

Fig. 10. The .same, .-laws of posterior pseudopo.ls.

Fig. 11. Forcipomijui specuJiiris, dorsal surface of abdominal seg-

ment of larva.

Fig. 12. Piilpom i/iii lnn(iip( n)ns. mandil.)le of larva.

Fig. 13. Thesani,.. lal.iuiu , if larva.

Fig. 14. Furviixiiiniiii spiciihiri^, mandil)le of larva.

Fig. 15. Forripmniiia p, r,i,i n,l, i .'
. antenna of larva.

Fig. 16. Palpoiiniia l,n,<pp, /umn, liypopharynx of larva.

Fig. 17. Forcipninip;, spi (iiJaris, .lorsal liristle of larva, fi'ont view.

Fig. 18. The same, dor.sal bristle of larva, side view.

Fig. 19. Ccratopoyon fusculun, arrangement of bristles on thorax of

pupa.

Fig. 20. Forcijjomyid spccuhiris, arrangement of bi'istlcs on thorax

of pupa.

Fig. 21. Forcipomyiii pcrgandci?, anterior thoracic biistle of pupa.



XVIII



FiK



Plate XIX



Fig.



I'LATK XX



FiK.



Plate XXI



Plate XXII

Wings of Ccrniopogonimv

Fig. 1. Forciptiniiiiit sjjrculnris, male.

Pig. 2. Culicoi<l(s variiicnnis, female.

Fig. 3. Citlicuidi.s sunyuisugus, female.

Fig. 4. Culicoides guttipennis, female.

Fig. 5. Culicoides stellifer, male.

Fig. 6. Cidicouhs luvmalopoliis, female.

Fig. 7. Culiroi,/<s rn i>i, Solaris, iomale.

Fig. 8. Ceraiopoi/,,,! fii.^cidiis. female.

Fig. 9. Pro?)( ::/(////(//)</. female.

Fig. 10. Palponniiu ..rlnrarzi, female.

Fig. 11. Hartumijiu picla, male.

Fig. 12. Joliannsenomyia himacidata, female.



Plate XXII

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Plate XXVI



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Plate XXVII



Plate XXVIII

Ilupopygia of Tanypinw

Fig. 1. Tanypus decoloratus.

Fig. 2. Tanypus Jiirtipeimis.

Fig. 3. Tanypus melanops.

Fig. 4. ProtentJies clioreiis.

Fig. 5. ProtentJies culiciformis.

Fig. 6. Procladius concinnus.

Fig. 7. ProtentJies riparius.

Fig. 8. Procladius scapularis.

Fig. 9. Procladius tJioracicus.

Fig. 10. Tanypus illinoensis.

Fig. 11. Tanypus monilis.

Fig. 12. ProtentJies bellus.



Plate XXVIII



Plate XXIX

Larval Labia of Ckironomince

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Plate XXIX

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Plate XXXI

Details of CJiironomus Pupa'.

Fig. 1. Frontal tubercle of flavicingula.

Fig. 2. Dorsal abdominal lobe of lobiferus.

Fig. 3. Apical lateral process of segment 8 of decorus.

Fig. 4. Second dorsal abdominal segment of flavicingula.

Fig. 5. Ventral surface of apical segment of digitatus (female).

Fig. 6. Apical lateral process of segment 8 of viridis.

Fig. 7. Second dorsal aljdominal segment of viridis.

Fig. 8. Dorsal abdominal setulae of viridis: a, h, and c, setula? of

transverse group ; d, setula of central group.

Fig. 9. Second dorsal abdominal segment of digitatus.

Fig. 10. Third dorsal abdominal segment of modestus.

Fig. 11, a and h. Apical lateral process of CJiironomus sp. A, show-

ing variation in form in different individuals.

Frontal tubercle of decorus.

Third dorsal abdominal segment of indistinctus.

Apical lateral process of segment 8 of indistinctus.

a, reticulation of abdominal segments; h, c, d, dorsal abdom-
inal setulffi of digitatus.

Apical lateral process of segment 8 of palliatus.

Apical lateral process of segment 8 of modestus.

Apical lateral process of segment 8 of flavicingula.

Fig.



Plate XXXI



Fig.



Plate XXXII





Plate XXXIII

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Plate XXXV

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Plate XXXVI



Plate XXXVII

Hypopygial and Abdominal Details of Cliironomhuv

Fig. 1. Cricotopus bicinctus, hypopygium, one side.

Fig. 2. Cricotopus trifasciatus, hypopygium. apical portion of lat-

eral arm.

Fig. 3. 0)-tliocla(lius nir/i-itus, hypopygium, one side.

Fig. 4. Cricotopiis lluvlhusis. hypopygium, one side.

Fig. 5. Triclwrliii/iii.-i ilisli)irfus, hypopygium, one side.

Fig. 6. TricIiiii'/iKliiis ilis!iii('ti(s. var. ?)?'co?o»-, hypojiygium, one side.

Fig. 7. Tri( Inn Id, lilts iiifiisciitiis, liypopygium, one side.

Fig. 8. Orlhn, hiditis piliiiis. hyjiopygium, one side.

Fig. 9. TriclidvliKliiis piilihis, hypopygium, one side.

Fig. 10. T. striiiliis, ]iyp(ii)ygium: a, inner production of basal part

of lateral arm ; b, apical portion of lateral arm.

Fig. 11. Ortliocladius nivoriundns, antepenultimate abdominal seg-

ment of male.

Fig. 12. OrlliochKlius iiivuriiDtdiis, hypopygium, one side.

Fig. 13. Diiil iihuliiilliis fill iinilis, hypopygium, one side.

Fig. 14. Psfch-)iclii(l}its virniilis. hypopygium, one side.

Fig. 15. Camptocladius flavens, hypopygium, one side.

Fig. 16. PseudocJiironornus ricliardsoni, hypopygium, one side.



Plate XXXVII



Plate XXXVIII

Details of Cliironominw

Fig. 1. Orthodadius nivoriundus, thoracic respiratory organ of

pupa (typical).

Fig. 2. Ortliocladius nivorinndux, thoracic respiratory organ (varie-

tal?).

Fig. 3. Ortliocladius nivoriundus, apical abdominal appendage of

pupa.

Fig. 4. Ortliocladius nivoriundus, lateral margin of eighth abdom-
inal segment (varietal?).

Fig. 5. Ortliocladius nivoriundus, lateral margin of eighth abdom-

inal segment (typical).

CMronomus utdhensis, hj'popygium.

Cricotopus trifasciatus, portion of egg-rope.

Camptocladius lasiops, hypopygium.
Ortliocladius nivoriundus, setula of disc of abdominal seg-

ment of pupa.

Tdnytarsus sp.?, malformed labium.

Camptocladius byssinus, antennal flagellar joint of female.

C. flavens, palpus of female.

CMronomus sp. C, head of pupa from above.

Camptocladius fi.avens, antennal flagellar joint of female.

Camptocladius lasioplitlialmus, antennal flagellar joint of

female.

C. flavens, apex of abdomen of female.

C. byssinus, apex of abdomen of female.

Fig.



Plate XXXMI



Plate XXXIX

Wing Details and Segments of a Pupa of CMronomina'

Fig. 1. Chiro7iomus pseudoviridis, apex of wing.

Fig. 2. TricJiocladius infuscatus, apex of wing.

Fig. 3. Tricliocladius striatus, apex of wing.

Fig. 4. Cliironomus viridis, apex of wing.

Fig. 5. Dactylocladius hrevinervis, apex of wing.

Fig. 6. Camptocladius lasiops, apex of wing.

Fig. 7. Paecti-ocladius sordens, wing.

Fig. 8. Caniijfotliidius afrrrimus?, apex of wing.

Fig. 9. T(ni!il(irsns diris. segments 2-6 of pupa (after Johannsen).
Fig. 10. Chiriinonuts mat urns, apex of wing.

Fig. 11. Orthocladius pilipes, section of wing venation showing cross

vein.

Fig. 12. OrtJiocladius suhparallelus, section of wing venation show-

ing cross vein.

Fig. 13. 0. flavoscutellatus, section of wing venation showing cross

vein.

Fig. 14. TricJiocladius nitidus, cubitus of wing.

Fig. 15. Cliironomus griseus, apex of wing.

Fig. 16. Camptocladius flavens, wing.
Fig. 17. Metriocnemus hrachyneura, wing.



Plate XXXIX



rig.

Fig.



Plate XL