ERRATA.

Page 12, lines 16 and 17, for one hundred read three hundred and for

one thousand read six hundred.

Page 17, line 2, dele first letter in the line.

Page 168, line 12, page 177, lines 13 and 14, and page 271, line 10, for

Lemna tnsulca read Spirodela polyrMza.

Page 209, line 2 of foot-note, after hut insert represents.

Page 2;'56, line 7, and page 266, line 19: snoioi n. s. has been shown to

be hieroghjijhka, (^.

Page 257, insert as line 8 as follows: -ken to the office produced young
in ten days. The

Page 272, line 13, for P. higuUatus read Pompiliis higuttatus.

Page 278, Plate Y., 16, after view insert as follows: a, mentum; 6,

labial rudiment; c, maxillary palpi; d, maxilla; e, labrum; /, antenna; g,

eye; h, mandible.

Page 286, line 11, drop initial the one line.

Page 386, line 1, for Comstocki read Comstock.

Page 399, line 17, for specimens read specimen.

Page 411, line 10, for Michaelson read Michaelsen.

Page 441, line 3 from bottom, for 66 read 68.

Page 445, line 10 from bottom, for 57 read 5S.

Page 466, line 1 from bottom, for Cyima read Oypris.



Article VII.

—

Descriptions of three New Pa/rasitic B-ymen-

optera from the Illinois River. By William H. Ash-

mead.

Family PROCTOTRYPID^.
Phanurus Thomson.

Phanurus tabanivorus, sp. n. [Fig. 55, 56.]

9.—Length 1.2 to 1.3 mm. Polished black, impuncbate;

the head and thorax clothed with a fine sparse pubes-

cence. Head subquadrate, roundly emarginate behind,

a little wider than the thorax; eyes oval, faintly pubes-

cent; antennse ll-jointed, black, if extended backwards

not quite reaching to the apex of thorax, and terminat-

ing in a long fusiform 5-jointed club, the first joint of

which is not quite as wide as the second, ob-trapezoidal,

twice as wide as long, the second, third, and fourth joints

transverse-quadrate, a little wider than long; the fifth

or last joint conical and a little narrower than the

preceding joint; the scape is about as long as the

fuuicle with the pedicel, the latter obconical; joints of

funicle a little narrower than the apex of the pedicel^

the first joint scarcely longer than thick, the second and

third small, transverse-moniliform.

Thorax subovoid, not twice as long as wide, the meso-

notum scarcely longer than wide, the scutellum lunate,

polished, without pubescence; wings hyaline, ciliated,

the cilia on the anterior and posterior margins long,

much shorter at apical margin ; tegulse black ; venation

brown, the marginal vein a little shorter than the stig-

mal, the latter only slightly thickened at tip, the post-

marginal vein very long, fully two and a half times as

long as the stigmal ; legs fuscous, the trochanters, knees,

tips of tibiae and tarsi honey-yellow or testaceous.

Abdomen elongate, pointed-fusiform, about twice as long:



Parasitic Hymenoptera from the Illinois River. 275

as the head and thorax united, polished, the first sepj-

ment not longer than wide, with an elevation above at

base, the second segment the longest, twice as long as

wide at apex, the suture between it and the first striated,

the third segment hardly half as long as the second,

the fourth about two thirds the length of the third, the

three following forming a cone of which the fifth is very

short, its apical margin with a median sinus, the sixth

twice as long as the fifth, the seventh very short, scarcely

discernible; sheaths of ovipositor a little prominent.

c?.—Length 0.8 mm. Black, but with the head, pros-

ternum, and legs testaceous; the antennae 12-jointed,

brown-black, with all the joints of the flagellum, except

the pedicel and the last joint, small, moniliform, joints

3 to 5 increasing in size but smaller than pedicel, joints

6 to the penultimate a little wider than long; abdomen
not, or only slightly, longer than the head and thorax
united, the genitalia long, exserted, curving downwards.

Hcih.—Havana, 111.

Types in collections of the Illinois State Laboratory
of Natural History and in my collection.

Described from 11 c^ and 9 9 specimens bred from
the eggs of a common horse-fly, Tahanus atratus Fabr.

In my recent monograph of the N. A. Proctotrypidse,

pp. 140—141, I characterized four species belonging to

this genus, none of which, however, are closely allied to

the present species. On the contrary, it appears to

resemble more closely three European species described

under the genus Telenomus, viz.: Telenomus othus Hal.,

T. laricis Hal., and T. talani Mayr.

Dr. Gustav Mayr, in his excellent revision of the

European species of Telenomus* did not recognize the

validity of Thomson's genus Phanurus.

As defined in my monograph, however, I believe it

can be readily separated from Telenomus, although both
Haliday and Walker have described Telenomi which

*"Ueber die Schtupfwespengattung Telenomus." Verb. d. k. k. zool. bot. G9-
in Wieii, 1877, pp. 697-714.



"270 Illinois State Lahoratory of Natural Uisfory.

should now be relegated to Phanurus; while Thomson,
in his definition of Telenomus, has included species that

really belong to the genus Hadronotus Forster.

These errors probably induced Dr. Mayr to reject the

validity of Phanurus in his work cited above.

It is interesting to note here that Phanurus {Telenomus)

tdbani Mayr, has habits similar to our own, the species

having been bred by Dr. Frederick Brauer from a Euro-

pean horse-fly, Tabanus sp.

Our species, although evidently related, is somewhat
larger in the female sex, smoother, with the joints of

the antennae and the segments of the abdomen relatively

different, while our male is much smaller, differently

colored, and with the antennal joints totally dissimilar.

Dr. Mayr's species approaches nearest to Telenomus

laricis Hal., figured in the Eutomological Magazine, Vol.

III., Plate XIll., Fig. 2, with which he makes comparison;

while our species agrees more nearly with Telenorrma

othus, Hal., represented on the same plate in Fig. 4.

Family BRACONIDtE.

Clinocentrus Haliday.

CUnocentrus niger, sp. n. [Fig. 14.]

d*.—Length 1.85 to 2 mm. Black, subopaque, sha-

greened, except the apical third of abdomen, which is

smooth and shining; mandibles rufous, palpi whitish;

antennae 25-jointed, longer than the body, black, except

a small honey-yellow annulus at base of third joint and

the apex of the pedicel or second joint; all coxae and
trochanters brownish yellow, the femora reddish and
gradually becoming fuscous toward tips ; all tibiae and
tarsi black or blackish fuscous; wings subfuliginous,

the stigma and veins dark fuscous, almost black.

The head is transverse, shagreened, with only the

occipital orbits smooth and shining; the occiput is

acutely margined ; the metathorax is rugulose, with a

median carina; the first and second abdominal segments

are shagreened or granulated and opaque, the second

J



Parasitic Hymenoptera from the IlUnols River. 'Ill

bein^ the louder; the third segment is scarcely half the

length of the second, subopaque and only faintly sha-

greened ; while the following segments, in marked contrast

to the preceding, are all short, impnnctate, and shining.

Hob.—Havana, 111.

Types in the collections of the Illinois State Labora-
tory of Natural History and in my collection.

Described from 10 d" specimens taken on floating

Lemnaceae in the Illinois River.

Family ICHNEUMONID^.
Cremastus Gravenhorst.

•Oremastus hartii, sp. n. \F\^. 13.]

?.—Length 6.5 mm.; ovipositor about half the length

of the abdomen; antennae 30-jointed, scarcely reaching

to the middle of abdomen. Brownish yellow or pale

ferruginous; head above, the occiput, the antennae, a
large oblong spot on middle mesothoracic lobe anteriorly,

the fovea at base of scutellum, axillae, postscutellar band,

base of petiole, basal half of second abdominal segment,

a small spot on dorsum of fifth and sixth segments, all

tarsi and the hind tibiae, black or dark fuscous; wings

hyaline, the stigma brown, the veins blackish; abdomen
twice as long as the head and thorax united, compressed

from the third segment, the petiole and base of third

segment finely longitudinally aciculated and feebly

shagreened ; the second segment one half longer than

the third, the sixth shorter, the seventh still shorter.

(The eighth segment has the basal plates of the ovipos-

itor abnormally exserted, giving the tip of abdomen
an unnatural appearance.)

d*.—Length 4.5 mm. Agrees with female except in the

usual sexual difference and in color, the sixth and seventh

abdominal segments having a black spot above, while the

anterior tarsi and the base of the middle tarsi are pale.

Hah.—Havana, 111.; Washington, D. C; Lexington, Ky.

Types c? 9 in the collections of the Illinois State

Laboratory of Natural History, and in my collection.



278 Illinoia State Laboratory of Natural History,.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

Plate I.

1. Parajponyx olscuralis, larva, dorsal view.

2. Larval and pupal case.

3. Posterior false leg of larva.

4. Gill filament of larva.

5. Abdominal segment of larva, showing bases of fila-

ments and setae of piliferous tubercles.

6. Pupa, side view.

Plate II.

7. Paraponyx olscuralis^ posterior extremity of pupa^

ventral view.

8. Hyd/rocampa ohliteralis^ eggs on leaf, natural size.

9. A few eggs enlarged.

10. Larva, dorsal view.

11. Larva in case, posterior extremity visible.

12. Posterior false leg of larva.

Plate 111.

13. Cremastus hartii Ashm., n. s.

Plate IV.

14. Clinocentrus niger Ashm., n. s.

Plate V.

15. Bittacomorpha clavipes, larva, side view.

16. Head of larva; right side, dorsal view; left side^

ventral view.

17. False foot of larva.

18. Thorax of pupa, just before casting larval skin,

cut beneath at middle and spread out, showing

growth of respiratory tubes.



Explanation of Figures. 279

Plate VI.

19. Bittacomorpha clavipes, pupa, dorsal view.

20. Portion of respiratory tube of pupa, enlarged.

21. Spine such as the pupa is covered with.

22. Last segment of male pupa, dorsal view, showing
scar left by larval respiratory tube.

23. JErioptei'af sp.(a), larva, dorsal view.

24. End of last segment of larva.

25. Ventral view of one side of same.

Plate VII.

26. Symplecta punctipennis^ larva, dorsal view.

27. End of last segment of larva.

28. Pupa, dorsal view.

29. LimnopMla luteipennis^ larva, dorsal view.

Plate VIII.

30. LimnopMla Vateipennis^ end of last segment of larva.

31. Pupa, dorsal view.

32. Tipula eluta^ larva, dorsal view.

33. End of last segment of larva.

Plate IX.

34. Tipula ehbta, pupa, dorsal view.

35. Tipala larva (5), dorsal view.

36. End of last segment of larva.

37. Tipula sp. (<?), end of last segment of larva.

38. Last two segments of female pupa, side view.

39. Pacliyrhina ferruginea, end of last segment of larva.

Plate X.

40. Pachyrhinaferruginea^ last two segments of female

pupa, side view.

41. Chrysops vittatus, larva, dorsal view.

42. Chrysops cestuans, egg mass on stem of Jwncua effusus,

43. Tabanus lineola, pupa, dorsal view.

44. Abdominal spiracle of pupa.

45. Left thoracic spiracle of pupa.



280 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Platp: XL
46. Jabanus lineola, end of last segment of pupa.

47. Tahanus stygius, larva, dorsal view.

48. Last segment of larva, side view, showing project-

ing spine.

49. Idbanus sp. (5), larva, dorsal view.

50. Tahanus atratus, larva, dorsal view.

Plate XIL

51. Tahanus atratus^ head of larva, low side view; a,

eye; h, antenna; c, labrum; d, mentum ; e, man-
dible;./, maxillary palpus; g, maxilla.

52. Abdominal spiracle of pupa.

53. Left thoracic spiracle of pupa.

54. End of last segment of pupa.

Plate XIII.

55. Tahanus atratus, Qgg mass and single egg, latter

containing the parasite, both enlarged.

56. Phanurus tahanivorus Ashm., n. s., egg parasite of

Tahanus atratus.

Plate XIV.

57. Stratiomyia norma, larva, dorsal view; and last

three segments, ventral view.

58. Odontomyia cincta, egg mass, with all except bot-

tom layer removed from the lower portion, also

single egg, both enlarged.

59. Larva, dorsal view, and last three segments, ventral

view.

60. Odontomyia vertehrata, larva, dorsal view, and last

three segments, ventral view.

Plate XV.

Examples of breeding-cage and semicircular dip-net in

use at the Station.



I'LATE 1.

r^



Plate 11.

17'

11

12



Plate 111.

13



Plate IV.

14



Plate V

\\



Plate VI.

20

N^"



Plate Vll.

J

>-^ J
28

29

27



Plate VIII.

.'V

31
J

33



Plate IX.

34

35

r

V
37

39



Pl,ate X.

40
42

fhm]

43

44



Plate XI.

46 48

A
n
Q

f5f

.J
47





Plate XIII.

56



Plate XiV

''1)

V

60

*n^^-/

I i?/
! T ,

58

59



Plate XV



Plate X\'I1

Fitf. 2.



Plate XVIII.

Fig. 5.



Plate XIX.

Fig. a.



Pr,ATE XX.

Fig. 7.



Plate XXT.

Fig. 11.



Plate XXII,

Fig. 1.

FiR. 2.



Plate XXIIl,

Fig. H.

Fig. 4. Fig. 6.

Fig. 5.



Plate XXIV.

Fig.

Fig. 8.



Plate XXV

i^M^^m.

Fig. 9. Fig. 10.

'^i

\
Fig. 11. Fig. 12.



Plate XXVI

Fig. i:?.

Fig. r

Fig. 18.

Fig. 16.



Plate XXVII.

f|> '[Vf; #^' •s^'^fe vv. • %

.^.^0 ^.n

(

i

IJ\ -A

f:

^"

Fin. 3.

^
^>
CD o //

^

Fiu. 1.

Fifj. 4.



Plate XXVIII.

FiL'. 5.



Platio XXIX.

Ki',;. 4.

Fig. 2.

Fit:. 5.



Plate XXX

Fig. 2.



Plate XXXI.

Fig. 1.

ay -ee^i^"
©,



Plate XXXII

Fig. 1.

#•

ft^'s ffiS»«^'*»o

o'ii

Fie. 3.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 4

fif

p2^

Fi^'. 5.



Plate XXX II I.

Fig. 1.



Plate XXXIV.

Fis. 3.

Fig. 4.

/ f o

FiK. 5.



I'LATli XXXV.

S%9^'^'

^-^l>S

^p..A ./

Sep.

,1. v//.

^K/^ ^"^^^^^^



Tlatl: XXXVI.

^^

'^dct

I

I

XIV I,

0i \ IT «.£.»

<. "~*t^>

s.sa,.

w

ftr^v.f

p uo

i-nt
int. J/

^
10

ife/e^^^

sp.'tn.po.

s.sci.

ft^'



Plate XXXYII.

e,-J^

^J**"^,'*

.-.-?1.C. /'

...•'12

_V

_VI

_VII

_VIII

JX
.X

.XI

_XII

.XIII

.XIV

.XV

.XVI

.XVII

.XVIII

.XIX

.XX

.XXI

.XXII

.XXIII

.XXIV
13



Plate XXXVIII.

^-.........' J^

If i^'.af..

/ neanpo |'

»/ I
^

. v''^
,^

rt

€«;

I

-^S*-

^^»l^i^«i'^^?^H

Spo.

1?'M%.

/.(?/. 4-

oiz

W
if"-.

'""^. r"f

n.c.

i^b.

16



Platj: XXXIX.

.0

00



Plate XL.



Plate XLI.

Q^



Plate XLII.

^4;^^^:^^



Vlatk XLIII,



Plate XLIV.



Plate XLV



Plate XLVI.



Plate XLVil



Plate XLVIll

-^

:A



INDEX.

Algee, 155, 158, 201.

Amalopini, 196.

Amalopis, 196.

Anacharis, 152.

Aquatic caterpillars, 150, 155, 156,

157, 163. See Hydrocampi-

nee.

Arzama, 164, 165, 166.

Asellus, 156.

Asilidee, 267.

Atylotus, 232.

Beetles, aquatic, 155, 156, 160, 163.

BembecidsB, 157, 273.
Bembex spinolee, 273.
Berosus, 156, 163.

Bittacomorpha, 190, 200, 201, 206,

228, 239,241,278, 279.

clavipes, 189, 190.
Black flies, 187. See Simuliid©.

Blepharoceridee, 184, 187, 188.

Blue earthworm, 157.

Bombyliidee, 267.

Brachycera, 187, 189.

Braconidse, 181, 271, 276.

Bugs, aquatic, 155, 156, 161, 163.

Buffalo gnats, 187. See Simuliidee.

Bull-pout, 221.

Case-flies, 154, 155, 163.

Cataclysta, 165, 166. 174, 175.

Caterpillars, aquatic, 150, 155, 156,

157, 163. See Hydrocam-
pinae.

Ceratophyllum. 152, 155, 250.

Ceratopogon, 187.

Chalcididro, 181, 253, 257, 271.
Channel catfish, 221.

Chironomidee, 155, 184, 187, 189.

Chircnomus, 200, 206, 21L

Chrysendeton, 174.
claudialis, 174.
medicinalis, 174.

Chrysops, 157, 224, 225, 226, 230.

£8stuans, 227, 279.

callidus, 227.
excitans, 226.
flavidus, 227.
fugax, 226.
mitis, 226.
montanus, 227.
niger, 227. '

obsoletus, 230. '

pudicus, 227.
'

striatus, 230.
univittatu^, 228.
vittatus, 228, 279.

Clinooentrus, 276.

niger, 271, 276, 278.

Club rush, 153.

Cnemidotus, 163.

Coccinellid, 157.

Coenomyia, 267.
ferruginea, 267.

pallida, 267.
CoenomyiidsB, 267.

Coleoptera, 158, 163, 164.

Corisidge, 156.

Cosmocoma maculipes, 172.
Crane-flies, 150, 155, 157, 158, 159,

186. See Tipulidte.

Creraastus, 277.

hartii,271, 277, 278.

Cryptus cyaneiventris, 178, 270.
CulicidsB, 184, 187, 189. See mosqui-

to: s.

Cyclorhapha, 184, 186.



282

Diatoms, 190, 201, 258.

Dicranomyia, 197.

Dicranota, 195, 196, 198.

Dipteia, 150, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158,

161, 162,163,164,184,273.

key to families: larvee and pu-

pae, 186.

Dixa midges, 187.

Dixidee, 187, 188.

Dolichopodidse, 267.

Dragon-flies, 163.

Empididee, 267.

Ephemerida, 159, 163.

Erioptera, 196, 197.
graphica, 197.
sp. (a), 197,279.

Eristalis, 239.

False crane-flies, 187.

Fishes, 157, 158.

Flies, 150, 157, 163. See Diptera.

Gammarus, 156.

Geranomyia, 197, 200.
canadensis, 200.
rostrata, 200.

Gnats, 187. See Chironomidse.

Gnophomyia, 196.

Gonomyia, 197.

Green- head, 237.

Gyrinidee, 155, 156, 163.

Hadronotus, 276.

Haliplids, 155.

Hemiptera, 163. See water-bugs.

Heteroceriilee, 156.

Homophysa, 174, 175.

Horse-flies, ;150, 155, 157. 158, 160,

187, 220. See Tabanidsa.

Hydrobatidaa, 155.

Hydrocampa, 157 , 165 ,166 , 167,1 74,
175, 179.

ekthlipsis, 176.
formosalis, 176.

genuinalis, 176.

gyralis, 175,
icciusaUs, 166, 175, 176.
obliteralis, 166, 168, 174, 175,

176, 179, 270 278.

Hydrocampa

—

Continued.

pereraptalis, 180.
proprialis, 176.

Hydrocampinae, 164, 168, 271. See

aquatic caterpillars.

Hymenoptera, 150, 245,270.
parasitic, 157, 158. 178, 181, 245,

250, 253, 257, 264, 270.

IchneumonidfiD, 270, 277.

Insects, key to orders, 162.

larvae, 163.

nymphs, 163.

pupae, 164.

Isotoma, 156.

Leeches, 155, 156.

Lemna, trisulca, 168, 177, 271.

Lemnaceae, 271.

Lepidoptera, 150, 163, 164, 165,271.

key to larvae, 165.

pupae 166.

Leptidse, 158, 1S8, 189, 267.
? larvae, 26^.

?sp. (a), 268.
?sp., (b), 269.
?sp., (e),270.

Limnobiinae, 195, 196, 197, 206.

Limnobiini, 197.

Limnophila, 197, 200, 228,239,241.

luteipennis, 200, 205, 279.

sp. (a), 204.
Loxotropa ruficornis, 271.

May-flies, 163. See Ephemerida.

Megilla maculata, 157, 254.

Midges, 187. See Chironomidse.

Mollusks, 155.

Mosquitoes, 156, 187. See CulicidsB.

Moth-flies, 186. See Psychodid89.

Muscids, 239.

Nelumbo, 152, 168, 180.

lutea, 181.

Nematocera, 186, 188.

Nemotelus, 249, 266.
unicolor, 266.

Neuroptera, 163, 164.

Neuropteroids, 155.

Noctuidae, 164, 165, 166.



283

"Nonagrla, 164, 165, 166.

Notonecta, 156.

Nymphe9a, 152.

Nymphaeella, 166.
dispar, 167.

maculalis, 167.

Odonata, 163.

<Edogonium, 152.

Odontomyia, 157, 247, 248, 250, 253,
254, 271.

key to imagos, 255.

larv'ffi, 254.

binotata, 255,262.
cincta, 250, 253, 254, 255, 256,

262, 264, 265, 266. 271, 280.

extremis, 254, 255, 256.

hieroglyphicd, 256, 266.
Intermedia, 255, 256.
megacephala, 255, 262.
pilimana, 255, 256.
plebeja 255, 256.
pubescens, 255 256.
snowi, 256, 266.
vertebrata, 253, 254, 255, 262,

271,28).

willistoni, 254, 255, 262.

Oligostigma, 174, 175.

Operculate univalves, 157.

Orthorhapha, 150, 184, 185, 186, 188,

267.

key to families : larvae, 186.

pup£B, 18S.

Pachyrhina, 206.

ferniginea, 210, 216, 217, 218,
219.

Pangonia, 225, 226.
rasa, 226.

Paraponyx, 165, 166,167, 174,175,

177.

albalis, 173.
allionealis, 173.
obscuralis, 167, 173, 278,

plenilinealis, 173.

stratiotata, 171, 173.

Parasitica, 270. See Hymenoptera,
parasitic.

Pedicia, 196.

Perlid, 159.

Phalacrocera, lOG.

Phanurus, 274, 275, 276.

tabani, 276.

tabaiiivorus,245, 272, 274, 280.

Philhydrus, 163.

PhryganeidsB, 162. See case-flies.

Plecoptera, 163.

Poduia, 156.

Polynema natans, 270.

PompilidsB, 157,272,
biguLtatus, 272.

n.sp?, 272.
philadelphicus, 272.

Poplar, 267.

Potamogeton, 152, 168.

nutans, 167, 176, 179, 270.

Proctotrypidee, 271, 274, 275.

Psychodidas, 184, 180, 188.

Pyralidse, 164, 165, 166.
Pyramusta, 164, 180.

nelumbialis, 165, 166, 180.
penitalis, 183.

Ehipidia, 197.

Bhyphidfe, 187, 189.

Rushes, 154, 190, 197, 221, 227, 268.

Sagittaria, 190, 254.

Sand -wasps, 157 273.

Scirpus, 153.

SialidsB, 160.

Sialis, 228.

SimuliidsB, 184, 187, 189.

Smicra, 157, 250, 253.

microgaster, 253, 254, 264. 271.
lufofemorata, 250, 253, 271.

Snipe-flies, 188. See Leptidae.

Soldier-flies, 150, 155, 156, 157, 188.

See StratiomyiidfiB.

Sparganophilus eiseni, 157.

Spiders, 157, 272.

Spider-wasps, 157. See PompilldeB.

Spring-tails, 156, 161, 163.

Stone-flies, 163.

Straight-seamed flies, 150. See Or-

thorhapha.



284

Stratiomyia, 156, 157, 247, 248, 24=9,

254.

apicula, 249,
discalis, 249.
marginalis, 249.
norma, 249, 253, 271, 280.

obesa, 249.
quaternaria, 249.

StratiomyiidsB, 150, 155, 157, 161, 184,

188, 189, 247.
key to genera, 248.

Stratiomyiinse, 248.

Surface beetles, 155. See GyrinidsB.

bugs, 155.

Symplecta, 196, 197, 199.
punctipennis, 199, 279.

Tab'anidee, 150, 157, 184, 187. 18
', 199,

220, 230, 235, 241. See

horseflies.

key to genera : eggs, 225.

larvsB, 226.

pupee, 226.

Tabanus, 224, 225, 226, 227, 230, 233.

key to species : larv89, 230.

pupBB, 232.

abdominalis, 233.
americanus, 247.
atratus, 199, 224, 231, 232, 239,

241, 242, 272, 275, 280.

atratus group, 224, 225, 231, 232,

bicoior, 232.
cerastes, 233.
costalis, 231, 232, 236.
cymatophorus, 233.
epistates, 232.
exul, 233.
lulvulus, 239.
giganteus, 233, 247.
lasiopiitlialmus, 232.
lineola, 23 ', 231, 232, 235, 279.

lineola group, 224, 225, 231, 232,

239.

nigresceiis, 231, 232, 235, 238.
reinwardtii, 233.
sagax, 238.
ep. (a), 2 il, 234.
8p. (W, 231, 241, 280.

Tabanus— Continued.

stygius, 231, 232, 238, 239, 241,.

247, 280.

sulcifrons, 234.
trimaculatus, 234.
trispilus, 232.
turbidus, 233
venustus, 233.

Telenoraus, 275, 276.

laricis, 275, 276.

otiius 275, 276.

tabani. 275, 276.

Therioplectes, 232.
Thysanura, 162, 163.

Tipula, 195, 197, 206.

bicornis, 208.

eluta, 208, 210, 215, 217, 218;,

279.

TlpulidfiB, 150, 157, 158, 159, 184, 186^

188, 190, 195, 239.

key to genera : larvse, 196.

TipulinsB, 196, 197, 206.
key to species : larvsB, 208.

specific characters: pupse, 21(K

sp. (a), 209, 214.
sp. (b), 209, 215, 279.

sp. (c), 209.

sp. (d), 209.

sp. (e), 210, 216, 279.

sp.(f), 210,219.
Top-minnows, 155.

Trichoptera, 163, 164. See case-flies<.

Tubifex rivulorum, 195.

Univalves, operculate, 157.

Vallisneria, 152.

spiralis, 167.

Veliida, 155.

Water beetles, 155, 156, 160, 163..

bugs, 155, 156, 161, 163.

lily, 179.

snails, 221.

striders, 155.

Willow, 153, 154, 190.

Wneat, 2U9.

Worm, 195.

Xylophagidfe, 267.

Xylophagus, 267.