BULLETl

Iitl0i

NATURAL HISTORY.

VOLUME II.

Article III.—Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. Part I.

By T. J. BuRRiLL.

1885
J. W. FRANKS A SONS, PRINTERS AND BINDERS

PEORIA, ILLINOIS.



Parasitic Fungi of Illinois

PAET I.— UREDINE^

By T. J. BvREiLL, Ph. D.

PROFESSOR OF BOTANY, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS.

1885.

.1. W. FRANKS A .SONS, PRINTERS AND BINDERS,

PEORIA, ILLINOIS.



Article III.— Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. Part I. By T. J,

BuRRiLL, Professor of Botany, Illinois Industrial University.

INTKODUCTION

Most of the plants herein described were collected in Illi-

nois during 1881 and 1882. by Mr. A. B. Seymour, who was

employed for the purpose by the Illinois State Laboratory of

Natural History. The entire collection consists of three thou-

sand seven hundred and eighty-four numbers, many of which

are of course duplicates, or are different stages of the same

species, leaving, however, a very large number of distinct spe-

cific forms— much larger than is usually supposed to exist in

our flora.

The determinations have been made at the Illinois Indus-

trial University by myself, efficiently aided by Mr. Seymour.

For this work, besides the facilities offered by the library and

herbarium of the University, the State Laboratory of Natural

History furnished many books and specimens. Among the lat-

ter are the following sets of exsiccata: DeThiimen's Mycotheca

Universalis, Ellis' North American Fungi. Ravenel's Fungi

Caroliniani and Fungi Americani.

The entire work has been stimulated and aided in every

possible way by Professor S. A. Forbes, as director of the State

Laboratory, and as an earnest and efficient worker in our rich

fields of scientific and practical biology. Acknowledgements

are also gratefully made for assistance in various ways, espe-

cially in the determination of specimens submitted to their in-

spection, to Prof. W. Gr. Farlow. and the State Botanist of New
York, Chas. H. Peck; to F. S. Earle, J. C. Arthur, and C. A.

Hart, for the contribution of specimens found by them in Illi-

nois, and to Professor Wm. Trelease, J. B. Ellis, and others for

several favors.



142 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

It needs no argument to show the practical value of the

studies undertaken upon these minute— probably degraded—
members of the vegetable world, for they subsist on living

plants of the higher orders, upon which our domestic animals

and ourselves depend for the means and materials of physical

existence. It is not, indeed, usually known or suspected what

proportion of our crops and useful vegetation is destroyed by

the microscopic growths which live as parasites or saprophytes

upon them; but when we come to understand that in very

great measure the things called "blights," ''mildews," ''rusts,"

"smuts," "rots," "ferments," etc., are really due to the despoli-

ations of these same microscopic but multitudinous forms of

fungi, some appreciation can be gained by anyone, even with a

moment's thought, of the immense aggregate loss that occurs.

Perhaps, in one sense, it is well that cultivators do not fully

realize the number and variety of parasitic growths which

await the development of their valuable plants, and which are

liable so badly to injure the latter, and so seriously to affect the

receipts for the expended labor. Surely in many cases there

would be sufficient ground for discouragement and hesitation

to venture in opposition to such an array of dangerous enemies,

against whose insiduous and covert attacks fighting seems futile.

But knowledge of the existence of such things cannot

make that existence more hazardous, nor the results more dis-

tressing; while here, as in the other battles of life, to be fore-

warned is to be forearmed. Knowledge is power, and as much
so in this case as in any other; if the latter is still wanting, it

is only because the former has not been attained. Is it attain-

able? There are difficulties in the way. The objects are very

minute; we cannot see them by the unaided eye as individuals,

we cannot thus watch their modes of dissemination, germina-

tion, growth and development, we only see them, if at all, in

the mass, and know of their presence by their results. They

have singular, and to the students of other forms of life, unfa-

miliar physiological powers and properties; they assume pecu-

liar disguises, and pass through unlooked-for stages of develop-

ment, of which the connecting links are hard to make out;

they lie dormant now, and again become wondrously quickened

and enormously multiplied under circumstances not readily



Fdnisific Fiftu/i of IJJ'niois. 14^]

traced. But little by little qualified observers have acquaiuted

themselves with their existence as true species, veritable and

distinct plants, and little by little have learned something of

the mysteries of their life histories. Sometimes the advance in

knowledge is gained by casual and lucky observations; but

mostly by painstaking, systematic research, aided by all the

appliances of the equipped laboratory and the fruitful skill of

trained powers of manipulation and acute perception. A step

gained is not only so much secured, but renders more jjossible

other or further advance. The more becomes known, the easier

progi'ess is made, since that already acquired })oints the way

towards new achievements. The beginning has been made,

though this can scarcely be said to have been true until within

very recent times. The men are now living and working who
have made known nearly all the ascertained facts of physio-

logical processes and results in these parasitic fungi. The

germination of fungous spores A\as not observed until within

the present century.

During the last part of the first half of this century

learned discussions arose upon the specific distinction between

the parasite and the host, and esteemed botanists held the

view, that what was taken for the former was but a diseased

condition of the latter— the rust of wheat, for example, was

only the degraded cell-tissues of the wheat itself. Such

difference of opinion, however, no longer exists among those

who have possession of the information now acquired. The

tissues of higher plants do not change by any processes of deg-

radation or transformation into the things called fungi, neither

dt) the hotter originate in any other manner than as descend-

ants of preexisting parent forms through as rigid specific lines

as can be traced among any animals or plants. It is known,

too, that however much the fungus is found within the tissues

of the host plant, it began its growth outside of the latter, and

gained introduction only by forcible entrance. Spores are

never taken up by absorption and carried by the aqueous cur-

rents from part to part of the plant. The fungus passes

through the tissues very much as roots pass through soil, some-

times apparently without in any degree successful opposition,



144 T/Iiiio/s Sf((te Lahoi-afory of Natural History.

sometimes nearly or quite baffled in the struggle by the me-

chanical and physiological resistances of the host plant.

I repeat, we now know that the numerous "' rusts,"

'' smuts," etc., found on the various kinds of vegetation, are

themselves true plants, and that as such they are limited in

their development like other organic species by certain condi-

tions and surroundings. Some of these limitations are well

known, others are yet to be ascertained. At present there is,

except in a few cases, not enough of trustworthy information

to enable us to suggest practical remedies or means of effectu-

ally destroying the injurious fungi which so reduce the pro-

ducts of our fields, fruit plantations, and gardens; which so

disfigure our ornamental trees and defoliate our forests. But

the difficulty exists not so much in the unconquerable nature

of the enemies, as in the want of fuller attainable knowledge

concerning them and their ways. There is reason to predict

that the time will come when the mastery of man will prevail

in this as in so many triumphs of the past by the application

of power made available through persevering research and edu-

cated perception.

In some cases, however, we now know practical methods of

exterminating the parasites, and in other cases of preventing

their ravages by various processes of cultivation, selection or ap-

plication. Usually these methods are quite beyond haphazard

discovery, and often very remote from previous conception.

For example: the leaves of apple trees are sometimes destroyed

l)y a parasitic fungus which shows itself in prominent, scurfy

bunches occuring here and there on the under side of the af-

fected leaves, while upon the upper surface of the same spots

the thickened area has a yellow or sometimes a crimson color.

The leaf is distorted in shape, shows very evident signs of in-

jury, and "finally becomes ragged and withered. When a large

number of the leaves of a tree are thus diseased the latter per-

ceptibly suffers, and though seldom killed outright, after an

unequal struggle for some years is rendered entirely worthless,

and may as well be removed by the axe in the hands of the dis-

appointed i)roprietor. Now the injury arises from a parasitic

fungus described helow (Gyinnosjjorin iii ntacropus). which, in

an alternation of development, takes a very different form on



I'diasific Fiifi(/i of JUinois. ]4')

the common red cedar, constituting the so-called "cedar balls,"

of orange color, especially noticeable after a rain in the month
of May. The relation of these two forms of the fungus was

not suspected until carefully established by Oei'sted, a botanist

giving special attention to such matters, and well qualified for

such observations and experiments. The fact having l)een as-

certained, a thoroughly practical remedy consists in clearing

away the worthless red cedars, (n% in case of a few of these

trees, which for any reason are wished to be saved, picking off

and burning the '' cedar balls." In this case the spores pro-

duced on the apple leaves cannot germinate and grow on the

apple, but must reach, by wind currents or otherwise, the cedar

leaves, where alone one essential stage of development takes

place. From the cedar the spores must again be carried to the

apple tree, or allied host, thus alternating back and forth as a

necessary requirement of continued existence.

This is b}^ no means a solitary example of known alterna-

tions which render possible the agency of man in preventing

plant diseases caused by these pernicious parasites; but to gain

the fullest possible mastery we still need much investigation

and experiment by those most competent to conduct them. It

has long been known that the rust of wheat (Puccinia grami-

tiis) has an alternate form on the barberry bush, but since the

rust occurs in vast regions of our country where no barberry

exists, we know that this plant is not positively essential to the

continuous development of the rust. It now seems probable

that the barberry stage is a reality, and perhaps in some way

beneficial to the Puccinia (rust), but not essential. It still re-

mains, however, to be ascertained whether or not there is some

other common plant usually found in or near the wheat fields,

which takes the place of the barberry, and thus permits the

continued growth of the rust.

What might be the practical value of investigation in this

direction? There are annually produced in Illinois about 50,-

000,000 bushels of wheat. The destruction of one-hundredth

part of the crop by this fungus probably falls, as an estimate,

far within the actual limits of loss as an annual average. This

represents 500,000 bushels, which, at seventy-five cents pei-

bushel, is $875,000. If it could be demonstrated that the eradi-



140 J//i)ioi\s Staff Lahoratori/ of Natural History.

tation of some worthless or otherwise noxious weed would at

the siune time dispose of the rust fungus, what a step of pro-

gress would be made! It cannot he said, from what we now

know, that this is ])robable. but it certainly is possible, and not

this only. In such cases no estimates can be ventured as to the

value, measured in dollars and cents, of the smallest contribu-

tion to positive knowledge. Years of patient and able research

may pass without reward, or a day's labor may beneficially

affect the world. The field is very large and the soil very rich;

but the cultivators have little more than begun their labors,

and those competent for the task are still few. No great pecu-

niary inducements urge them forward. There are no patents

to be had on discoveries they may make. The products of their

labors, however rich, are not to be appropriated by themselves,

but the gathered harvests must equally be divided among all

]nen. Science may be enthusiastically pursued for its own

sake, and mankind owe much to labf)rs thus pursued; but it

is certainly proper that the State should provide the means of

equipment and livelihood for those able and willing to devote

their energies to such investigations and experiments.

Illinois is one of the few States of the Union which have

provided by legislative action for an officer whose duty it is to

investigate and report upon insect depredations, and is alone in

the establishment of a well equipped and well appointed labor-

atory of natural history, while the maintenance of the State

University, with its departments of science and practical art.

shows the high official appreciation of studies and investiga-

tions of this kind, and the intelligent views of those shaping

and directing the affairs of the State pertaining to our natural

resources and the value of natural science. The beginning

thus made gives much hope for the future. It is not hazardous

to predict increased interest as the work goes on, not only on

the part of those conducting the investigations, but among the

people at large, many of whom care little or nothing for the

methods and processes b}^ which results are reached, but quickly

appreciate the practical value of the results themselves when

wrought out.

Nothing has so far been done by the United States' autho-

rities for the study of the diseases of plants, though recently



Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 147

much attention has been oriven to contagious diseases of ani-

mals. The importance of scientific investigations in this hitter

direction cannot be overestimated, yet it wouhl not be difficult

to show that every argument in support of these is applicabk^

also to encouragement upon the study of the diseases of plants.

In fact, it has now come to l)e generally admitted that these

very maladies of animals are directly due to various species of

the same classes of low vegetable organisms which atflict. as

parasites, the valuable plants and crops. In some instances the

very same species of fungi prey u])oji ])lants or plant-jjroducts

and living animals. The common nujulds are fungous growths,

and mouldy graiiis and other articles of vegetable foods are

commonly believed to be injurious to man and animals. Some
contagious diseases of man have been proved to l)e due to or-

ganisms normally living on vegetable substances, and there is

much reason to su])])()se that all the pathogenic bacteria, and

their allies, are or were ])rimarily simplv decomposing agents of

dead substances. Certainly the nature of the contagious dis-

eases of aninuds cannot be fully known without the closest

investigations of the life of the disease organisms outside of the

animal bofly. The studies of fermentations and putrefacti<ms

have already lead to most important results in pathology, and

it is confidently believed that there is much more to be gained

in the same way for the advancement of knowledge in regard

to disease and injury, not of animals only, but of plants as

well; while a i)roper study of the diseases of plants must help

to a better understanding of the sei'ious maladies of num and

the domestic animals.

The nomenclature adopted in this paper has been the re-

sult of considerable inquiry and an earnest endeavor to con-

form to the latest opinions of the best authorities, as well as to

most nearly fulfill the requisites of this branch of science.

Unfortunately, in numerous cases there are many synonyms,

and as names Avere given to species before any natural classifi-

cation could jiossibly be made, and as the life history was in the

earlier times usually unknown, dift'ei'ent writers assigned the

same species to widely different ))ositions in their systems of

arrangement. The descrii>tions by the older authors are mostlv

meager, and entirely devoid of accurate microscopic character-



1 4S TJllnols State Laboratory of Xatural History.

istics on which so much reliance is now placed, so that in the

absence of type specimens it is difficult or impossible to ascer-

tain to what species their names should be applied. Besides

this, what we now know to be different forms of " fruit " of

the same species, were formerly regarded as wholly distinct

plants belonging? to widely separated genera; as each of these

forms received a name it now becomes necessary to choose one

from two, three, or even more, to designate the species and re-

duce the others to synonyms. In the case of the Uredinese there

are in numerous species four spore-forms, now known as "te-

leutospores,'" " uredospores." " aecidiospores,'' and " spermatia,"

from which one must be selected as the mature or final " fruit,''

and its name taken for the species as a whole. But as no pro-

cess of fertilization has been discovered for any of these spore

productions, there is a difference of opinion among investigators

as to which ought to be considered this mature or final form.

Sachs, whose judgment must be highly respected, adopts the

aecidium stage as that most probably the result of some kind of

fertilization, while others, equally competent, believe the teleu-

tospores — as the name indicates— are the final and, if any,

the fertilized bodies. Sachs, therefore, inclines to call the com-

mon rust of wheat JEcidium qraminis, instead of Puccinia

graminis, the name used by all authorities up to this time.

Winter, in his recent revision of Rabenhorst's Pilze (Fungi),

attempts to apply rigorously the law of priority of names to

whatever form of the species the first name was given, and

most naturalists making a specialty of any other department of

nature woiild doubtless commend his endeavor. But there are

very serious difficulties in the way. While we may accept as

proved that certain iEcidia are genetic forms of known Puc-

ciniee, in the great number of cases such relation is simply sup-

posed to exist. Shall we revise our nomenclature on the basis

of a supposition ? In the writings of early mycologists the

descriptive characteristics following a name are often equally

applicable to several species as we now know them. In the

absence of herbarium types, shall we guess at the plant held in

hand when the description was drawn up? Not unfrequentlv

the oldest name is given to what was deemed a variety, and

later another name by another or the same author is adopted



Panisific Finir/i of fIJiiio/s. 149

for the same plant as a species. Shall we now write the earliest

varietal name as specific, and quote the first botanist as author-

ity? The question is not whether the second writer should

have adopted the first name: it is now a (juestion of choice l)e-

tween two names already in literature.

The authority after a binomial appellation is clearly that of

the one who associates the o-eneric and specific parts of the

name, and applies it. thus constituted, to the designated plant.

For pha?nogams there seems to be little need of preserving

with the name any further item of bibliography. The chang<'

of genera is not so frequent as to cause serious confusion, and

the descriptions are ordinarily full and unmistakable. Mycol-

ogists, hovrever. find it important to quote the name of the

original authority for the specific name, agreeing in this with

the custom among zoological writers, especially with those who

devote themselves to the lower and less known orders of ani-

mals. A very considerable number of the names of fiingi

must thus be iaccompanied with two authorities, that for the

original specific name occurring first in parenthesis, and that

for the binomial whole afterward. It is true this decidedly in-

creases the difficulty of writing and of memorizing, but the

benefits more than counterbalance the drawbacks. Certainly

it will not answer to qucjte alone that which, as above, is put

in parenthesis, even though by the use of the parenthesis

change of genus is indicated. The parenthetical reference is

dropped by students of pha^nogams, and we should, as mycolo-

gists, prefer this to the practice of some botanists and zoolo-

gists of omitting the authority for the entire name as it exists.

Without further discussion of this often discussed topic,

the following may be stated as the basis of nomenclature in

this paper.

(1). The use of the oldest specific name known to have

been used for the sj^eries as such. Varietal names by the older

authors, not subsequently ado})ted by those raising the varie-

ties to species, have not been herein perpetuated except in ])e-

culiar cases. When the vague descriptions of the early writers

give no reasonal)le certainty of the intended applii-ation. prior-

itv is not strained to retain tiie names.



150 Illinois State Lahoratory of Natural History,

(2). In the Uredineae the names of the teleutospore and

uredospore stages are alone considered in the question of prior-

ity. iEcidial names are not recognized, mainly from the un-

certainty that exists as to the genetic connection of the forms,

as well as from the obscurity of descriptions, and the inferior

value of herbarium specimens as types.

(3). The name of the author responsible for the specific

appellation has been appended, being inclosed in parenthesis in

case the generic association has been changed; and the name

of the author of the binomial combination, whether the parts

were adopted from others or not, finally follows. In quite a

number of cases this author is not known to us, owing to the

too prevalent habit of omitting the citation.

The descriptions of species are taken from nature, and as

far as possible from typical or average specimens. The mea-

surements given are intended to include the variations which

commonly occur in such specimens; but the extreme limits of

exceptionally large or small spores are not indicated. In most

cases the measurements were made of spores immersed in a so-

lution of potash, so as to obtain the size of the mature but

undried specimens. For the study of the surface markings, ex-

aminations were made when necessary of spores either dry or

wetted with pure water, whichever method was found from

experience to produce best the particular effects required. The

color given is as closely as possible that of nature rather than

an interpretation of the appearance of a few spores in the field

of the microscope. It need scarcely be said that the tint is

much lighter in the latter case. The best objectives of different

makers were used, and for the closer studies a magnifying

power of about five hundred diameters was employed.

It has been deemed worth the while to quote the descrip-

tion given by another author; usually, when accessible, the

original description of the species in each case. The quoted

descriptions are printed in different type, and are followed by a

reference, with name, date, and page, of the work from which

the extracts are made.

Notes are appended when required; these follow the col-

lector's numbers and designations of localities, and are intended

to record any special facts about, or information upon, the



Parasitic Fmuji of' [llinois. 151

species. It has not been considered wise to try to give a full

list of synonyms, yet such references are made in the notes as

are needed to justify any departure from common usage in the

selection of names. In a few instances changes have been

made with much regret, since the current names are well es-

tablished; but in these cases the law of priority clearly demands
the substitutions made. For instance, the rust on the leaves

of the common sunflower, and other allied plants, has long

been known as Puccinia helianthi, Schweinitz. Probably no

species of Puccinia is more commonly found or better recog-

nized in the herbaria of our country, and nearly or quite uni-

formly under the name cjuoted. But Schweinitz published this

name in 1822 ( Syn. Fungi Carol, p. 73), seven years after De
Candolle had published the description of a species of Puccinia

under the name of P. tanacefi (Flore Franc. II. p. 222). Now
it is found that no specific difference can be maintained between

these, and therefore the latter name must be adopted for the

collections made in America as well as for those of Europe.

T. J. BURRILL.
Illinois Industrial University,

December 29, I8S4.

12



Descriptive Catalog

UREDINE^, De Baey.

Parasitic plants of minute size, growing in the tissues of

living phaenogams, or. in a few cases, of living vascular cryp-

togams; mycelium articulated, variously branched, penetrating

or growing between the cells of the host; spores usually pro-

duced by constriction, singly or in chains, from the ends of

fertile hyphae (mycelium branches), formed beneath, rarely

within the cells of, the epidermis, which is ultimately ruptured;

spore or fruit forms of different kinds, viz: aecidium and spermo-

gonium, uredo and teleutoforms.

The Uredineae are parasites, and affect a very large number
of the species of the higher plants, being found most often up-

on the leaves, but also in some instances upon the steuis and

parts of the flower or fruit. The roots alone are free from

their intrusion, and these probably because protected by the

soil.

The most remarkable thing concerning the Uredineae is

their peculiar alternations of fruit forms— "dimorphism,"
" polymorphism," or " pleomorphism.''" The teleutospores, the

last in the series, and usually the only ones surviving over win-

ter^ upon germination emit a slender tube called the promyce-

lium. This is never very long or complex in structure, but

may be with or without septa, simple or branched. It produces

at once, on minute stalks (sterigmata), one to several thin-

walled, more or less globular bodies, rich in protoplasm, and

known as sporidia. These in turn soon germinate by sending

out a little tube, which, upon the proper host, penetrates the

tissues and forms the mycelium or vegetative structure of the

parasitic plant. Then follow in order, as products of the my-
celium, the fruit forms known asspermogonium, aecidium, uredo,

and teleutospore. The two lirst are usually produced simul-



Panisifir FiiHf/i of IlVniois. ir)8

taneously, or nearly so, on the infected area of the host, but

most often on the opposite sides, if of a leaf. In some eases

the other fruit forms subsequently develop in the order named
n]ion the same mycelium, but in others only on a new mycelium

produced from the germination of the tecidium spores, and

either on the same or different hosts, according to the habit of

the species. These alternations may be best understood by

consulting what is said under the genus Piicc'inia.

But this full series of forms is not found in all the spe-

cies. Indeed, there are comparatively few which are really

known to have in their regular course of development all the

stages as necessary retpiirements of growth. In a few instances

it is known that species, which under some circumstances have

this or that form produced, may, under other circumstances,

l)erpetuate themselves though one or more forms are omitted.

In very many cases the genetic connection of different fruit

forms has not been satisfactorily made out: but contributions

to knowledge of this kind are from time to time gained, and

through the interest now taken in the matter more rapid ad-

vance may be expected in the future. For this purpose artifi-

cial cultures, with the most painstaking care to avoid mistakes,

are required. The spores must be placed on the proper host

under proper conditions, and the development carefully fol-

lowed through the season. It is believed that in some specie

only teleutospores are produced, in others only uredo and teleu-

toforms, and these from the same mycelium; in still others only

iecidium and teleutoforms. The office of the spermogonia has

not been conclusively ascertained. Cornu, of France has seen

the spermatia from them germinate in certain nutritive fluids,

but not in water, and he has supposed they may under certain

conditions reproduce the plants like other spores. Many have

attributed to them sexual functions, but the proof is unsatis-

factory. It has been observed that some spermogonia are fra-

grant, and insects are known to visit them, hence the inference

that the special office may be for dissemination.

In most cases the mycelium of these plants wanders little

froui the point of penetration of the host tissues— in this

strikingly differing from the usual growth of the species of

Usfilagi)ie</' and some other grou])s of fungus parasites. In



1 54 [//tHois State Lahoraton/ of Natunit Histori/.

leaves the vegetative threads are seldom found at a greater lat-

eral than vertical distance, the latter limited by the thickness

of the leaf; vet the w^hole tissue may be permeated by the my-

celium of different, perhaps very numerous, spores.

In the preparation for the formation of sporeSi'mycelium-

threads become densely aggregated into a parenchyma-like

tissue in a little area just beneath the epidermis, and from the

upper surface of this minute cushion the spores are produced

by the enlargement and modification of the end of a thread,

either singly, or by the formation of septa, from two to several

— in the latter case so as usually to form a single vertical row

from each fertile filament. The clusters of spores (sori),

usually very densely packed, are naked, or surrounded by pe-

culiar sterile cells (^paraphyses), produced from the mycelium

or entirely inclosed in a membranous envelope (pseudoperid-

ium), originating from the same source. By the growth of the

fungus the epidermis of the host is pushed up and finally

ruptured, so that the spores, mostly just at maturity, are exposed

to the air, in the currents of which they are light enough to

be carried as fine dust.

The species of Uredinece are limited to particular host

species, mostly to one, or at farthest to the species of one genus

or closely allied genera. None are certainly known to grow
upon plants of different natural orders, except in the alterna-

tion of fruit forms. In the latter case the teleutospores pro-

duced upon grasses or sedges give origin, in some species, to

secidia on the leaves of certain exogens. In fact, -it seems to

be most common that when the ajcidium is not grown on the

same host with the uredo and teleutoforms, very wide diver-

gence in this respect is made. Wheat and the barberry bush,

oats and the buckthorn, red cedars and apple trees, are three

examples of this remarkable peculiarity, the teleutoform in

each case being found on the first named, the ajcidium on the

second.

Following the descriptions of species in this paper, refer-

ences are giveii for each species to the host plants, the locali-

ties by counties (of Illinois), and the date of collection. The
numbers in Arabic figures are those of the herbarium speci-

mens, corresponding with those of the collector's notes; the



Panisifir FiitKji of Illinois. 155

Roman numerals often following the above indicate the stage

of development of the fungus: viz. 1., cecidium; II., uredo:

III., teleutospore.

Key to the (tenera of Uredine.e.

I. Spores at maturity forming a more or less powdery mass.

A. Spores with a permanent pedicel, mostly smooth and

dark brown.

1. Spores one-celled Uromyces.

2. Spores two-celled, septum horizontal. . .Puccini a.

3. Spores three-celled, septa in different planes.

Triphragmium.

4. Spores three or more celled, septa horizontal.

Phragmidium.

5. Spores many-celled, septa variously placed.

Ravenelia.

B. Spores with deciduous pedicels or none, one-celled,

mostly roughened with minute projections, usually

yellow or reddish-brown.

1. Sorus with a peridium, spores produced in vertical

chains, without pedicels.

a. Peridium cup-shaped, rim-border mostly toothed

or lobed and recurved iEciDiUM.

b. Peridium hemispherical or l)owl shaped, deei)ly

immersed Endophyllum.

c. Peridium elongated, usually cylindrical or coni-

cal, soon split-fringed above Roistelia.

d. Peridium various, bursting irregularly, white,

on Coniferai Peridermium.

2. Sorus without peridium.

a. Spores produced in vertical chains, without ped-

icels, usually accompanied with spermogonia.

C.^OMA.

b. Spores produced on pedicels (deciduous), not

accompanied with spermogonia Uredo.

II. Spores at maturity embedded in gelatine, two-celled, sep-

tum horizontal, pedicel long Gymnosporangium.



156 I/I/Hii/s Sfdfc Lahoi-iiforij of Natural Hii^fory.

TIL Spores at maturity in a dense, waxy or crust-like stratum,

not separating from each other.

A. Spores one-celled, less commonly several-celled, and

then the septa almost never horizontal, mostly dull

reddish brown.

1. Spores one-celled, oblong, united in an erect (often

curved) cylindrical column Cronartium.

2. Spores one or more celled, septa, when present,

mostly vertical or oblique, united in a flat or

convex stratum Melampsora.

B. Spores several -celled, septa horizontal, mostly reddish-

orange.

1. Spore cells short (not longer than wide), united

in a flat waxy mass, cell rows simple.

Coleosporium.

2. Spore cells oblong or cylindrical, in simple or

branched vertical rows, not waxy . Chrysomyxa.

Uromyoes Link.

Teleutospores one-celled, brown, produced singly on ])er-

manent pedicels, usually longer than the spore, arising from a

compact layer of small irregularly shaped cells beneath the epi-

dermis, which is finally rui)tured, exposing the more or less

powdery mass.

Like most of the genera of Uredinew the biological

development of the I'lvini/ces is very complex, and in the dif-

ferent species variously diversified. All the spore-forms exist

on the same or different hosts, or any one, or even all but one

(the teleutospore) may be wanting. Li most cases the teleuto-

spore germinates only after a considerable period of rest, but

in a few si^ecies exceptions to this occur, and there are also

exceptions in regard to the permanence of the pedicels. When
the spores readily fall from the stalks, they can be distin-

guished from stalked uredospores by the different appearance—
usually smooth instead of being roughened with" minute and

mostly sharp-pointed prominences— or by the tardy germina-

tion when ripe. Puzzling forms occur, in which some of the



Pdrasif/c Fiiin/i (if Illinois. \'u

teleutospores are divided like a Fnccinia; but because a few

sucli spores are found among many of single cells, the species

should not be transferred to the latter genus unless there is

good reason to sup])ose that the single celled spores are the ab-

normal ones.

In England the secidial forms of the greater proportion of

the ih'omyreles are supposed to be known; but in our own flora

almost nothing has been demonstrated. In the following those

species which have their gecidia on the same host are thus indi-

cated in the notes.

U. hyperici, (Schw.) Curt.

I. Hypophyllous; spots small, scattered, purplish; lecidia

minute, about six (one to nine) in a cluster, semi-immersed;

short; spores orange.

II., III. Hypogenous; spots small, light cinnamon or pur-

ple; sori numerous, scattered. Uredoforms and teleutoforms

often in the same sorus, the latter succeeding the former. II.

Sori small, roundish, long covered by the epidermis, then sur-

rounded by its ruptured remains; spores light yellow, globose

to elliptical-oblong, minutely echinulate, 16-19 by 19-27 ju.

III. Sori becoming larger, angular and conspicuous, ruptured

epidermis prominent; spores elliptical or oblong, tapering to

the base, strongly thickened at the obtuse or rounded a[)ex;

12 by 21-27 a^; pedicel tinted, 1^2 times the length of the

spoie.

Spots on the stem pilose-strigose, purple; sori scattered, acuminate-

ovate, bullate, elevated, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis.—Schw.

N. Am. Fungi, No. 2843, p. 292.

On Hypericum niutihnn: Union, Oct. 25, 2008, I., III.;

Elodes virginica : Cook, Sept. 6, 1447. II., III.: Sept. 8, 1462,

II., III.; LaSalle, Sept. 28, 6218.

Cooke (Proceedings Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 1, part

II., p. 184) described, under the name Uromyces triquetral, a

species on Hypericiiui, and questioned its identity with the plant

described by Schweinitz. Peck (25th Rep. p. 74) adopts the

name given by Cooke, but Farlow (Ellis N. A. Fungi, 281)

uses, for what seems to be the same, Schweinitz's name. In



158 Illinois State Laljoratonj of Natural History.

the exsiccated specimen of Ellis, and the Illinois collections,

sori also occur on the stems, in this differing from Cooke's des-

cription of U. triquetral, and the spores are not commonly an-

gular, certainly not usually three-sided. The above description

is drawn from specimens on Elodes virginica. On Hypericum

mutilum the sori occur on both stems and leaves, are smaller

and rounded, and the spores are rather smaller and lighter

colored.

U. terebinth!, (DC.) Wint.

Amphigenous; spots yellow or yellowish red or none, usu-

ally small; sori minute, scattered or crowded, soon naked. II.

Spores elliptical, often roundish or oblong, usually obtusely

pointed, covered with spiral lines of minute warts or beads, yel-

lowish brown, 25 by 25-40 /a, on a short hyaline deciduous

pedicel. III. Spores vertically compressed or globose, with an

obtuse cap-like point, verrucose with prominences in short ir-

regular undulating lines, dark brown, about 25 fj- long (ver-

tical dimension) and 30 ^ wide; pedicel hyaline, stout^ perma-

nent, several times as long as the spore.

Uromyces to.dcodendri, B. & R. Effused, rufous; spores ovate, ob-

tuse or apiculate, marked with short hnes somewhat Hke the sporidia

of Ascoholusfurfiiraceus.—Berk. Grev. vol. III., p. 56.

Pileolaria brevipes, B. & E. Forming little specks on the under side

of the leaves; stem short, flexuous; spores at first globose, with three

coats, then depressed with a central nucleus. .00114 in. diam.—Berk.

Grev. vol. III., p. 56.

On leaves, petioles and stems of Rliii s toxicodendron : Cham-
paign, June 9, 4928, II.; Adams, June 27, 5319, II., July 6,

5432, II., July 12, 5523, II.; McLean, July 12, 2442, II., July

16, 2437, II., III., 2438, II., III., July 20, 5605. II., 5606, II.,

July 22, 2439, II., 2440, IL, III., Aug. 1, 2442, II., III., Aug.

4,2443, IL, III.. Sept. 6. 5657, IL, IIL, Oct. 6, 1811; Piatt,

Aug. 15, 1066, IL, III.: McHenry, Aug. 24, 1266, IL, IIL; La
Salle, Sept. 14, 1534, IL, IIL; Stephenson, Sept. 14, 5883; Ogle,

Sept. 25, 6167; Jersey, Oct. 14, 6317; Union, Oct. 25, 2019.

This is often referred to the genus Pileolaria, Cast.; but

mycologists are pretty well agreed (Leveille, Tulasne, Winter,



Parasitic Finigi of IlIi)ioi.s. 159

Farlow. and others) that the plant is not generically distinct

from Uronii/crs. This being admitted, a further question comes

upon the specific distinction between the American plant on

B/iifs and the European one on Fistacca^ an allied genus. Ours

was published in Raveuel's Fungi Car. Sup. (1855), under the

names of Uredo toxicodendri , Berk. & Rav., for the uredoform,

and Pileolaria hrevipes, Berk. & Rav., for the teleutoforni, and

the latter name has been commonly used, though the signifi-

cance of the specific appellation is unintelligible or incorrect,

for the pedicels are conspicuously long. Upon comparing

specimens and descriptions of European and American plants,

it does not appear that the latter can ))e maintained as a dis-

tinct species, hence the name previously given to the former

has here been adopted (Predo ferebiiitJii, D. C. Flore Franc.

[1815], VI, p. 71). The teleutospores are not at all different,

but in the poor specimens at hand of the European uredo-

spores, the spiral arrangement of the prominences cannot be so

well made out; however, Schroter (Hedwigia XIV. [1875],

p. 170) does not find any difference between them. Doubtless

there is none.

It is peculiar that a difference of opinion should exist as to

which of the forms is the teleutospore. In these specimens the

yellowish fragile-stalked form appears alone in the collections

of July, in those of August this is well scattered but present,

while the thick-walled long-stalked form may be found in sori

still mostly covered by the epidermis, and later (October) only

this last is found.

U. hedysari-paniculati, (rfchw.) Farlow.

II., III. Spots yellow or none; sori amphigenous. scat-

tered over the whole under surface of the leaf, few above. II.

Sori small, yellowish brown, scattered; spores subglobose,

echinulate, 18 by 21 ix-. III. Sori small, compact, soon diffuse

and confluent, brown or blackish; spores acute or oval, obtuse,

conspicuously papillate, reddish ])rown, epispore thick, size 18

by 21;".; pedicels broad, slightly colored, slightly curved below,

twice the length of the spore.

Sori minute, but thickly scattered over the whole leaf, innate witli

the epidermis. Spores long-pediceled, with the pedicels articulate, pel-



1()0 llUnots Stdtc L((ln)}-(ii(tnj of Natural liiatonj.

lucid or opa(]ne, ovate, obtuse, not cylin<lncal, oliscurely septate, not ar-

ticulate, constricted.—Schw. N. Am. Fung., No. 2947, p. 297.

On leaves of Desmodium pmiicuhifaui : LaSalle, Sept. 17,

1561, IT., III.; Union, Oct. 22, 1941, Oct. 24, 1992; Pulaski,

Nov. 4, 2254, II., III. D. cuspidaium: Henry, Sept. 28, 1729;

Union, Oct. 22, 1944, 1948 and 1954, Oct. 24, 1980 and 1990,

n., III. D. Canadense: JoDaviess, Sept. 15, 5913, Sept. 20,

6015; Jersey, Oct. 13, 6290. D. rotuvdifoUum: Jersey, Oct. 14,

6321. Desmodium sps.: Union, Oct. 24, 1979 and 1991.

In Schweinitz's Syn. Fung. Car. (No. 503) this species is

named Fuccinia Hedysari panicnlati. but in his N. Am. Fungi

(p. 297, No. 2947), subsequently published, the name is Phrag-

niiditini Hcdi/sari. The plant called Hedi/saniui panictdatam

by Schweinitz is now transferred to the genus Desmod i inn, with

other species upon which the fungus also occurs. In March,

1878 (Hedw. XVIL, p. 39), Cooke described the same plant

under the name Uro)tiyces Desmodii; and Thiimen, at the same

time (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VI, p. 215), also bestowed the lat-

ter name upon the species, with a still fuller and better des-

cription. Farlow (Ellis N. Am. Fungi, No. 246 [1879])

restored the original specific name, and wrote Uromifces Hedij-

san'-paniciddfi (Schw.).

U. lespedezse, (Schw.) Peck.

II., III. Hypogenous and often also sparingly epigenous;

spots yellowish, very small; sori small, scattered, at first cov-

ered by the epidermis, lead-colored, soon exposed, black, sur-

rounded by the ruptured remains of the epidermis. Uredo sori

light brown. Both kinds of sori often surrounded by curved

paraphyses. II. Spores pale, subglobose, 16-18 by 18-21 fi;

epispore rather obscurely echinulate. III. Spores rounded

to oblong, with the rounded, obtuse, or pointed apex strongly

thickened, frequently forming one third of the length of the

spore, blackish brown, smooth, 12-15 by 21-27 m; pedicel

hyaline, rather broad, about 36 p- long. Paraphyses hyaline,

of nearly uniform diameter, rounded apex, 6-9 ;«. broad.

On leaves of Lespedeza jjrocifmbens: Jackson, Oct. 22,

1952; Union, Oct. 24, 1982. L. repens: McLean, July 29,

2349. L, II.; Stephenson, Sept. 14, 5884, Oct. 13, 1860; La



Parasltir Fionji of lUiniois. KiJ

Salle, Sept. 14, 1523, T.. TL: Union, Oct. 21, 1910, Oct. 22,

1048, Oct. 26, 2026, Oct. 31, 2148. L. violacea: Cook, Sept. 5,

1443: JoDaviess, Sept. 15, 5914; Jersey, Oct. 12, 6264; Union.

Oct. 22, 1942, Oct. 31, 2147. L. hirfa: Union, Oct. 21, 191 S.

Oct. 22. 19()3. Oct. 26, 2025. L. capifafa: McHenry, Aucr. 25,

1293, Aug. 27, 1338; Cook, Sept. 7, 1461; Lee, Sept. 11, 5781:

LaSalle, Sept. 17. 1568: JoDaviess, Sept. 20, 6016: Ogle, Sept.

23. 6145.

The so-called *" capitata '" form is common on most species

except L. violacea. Paraphyses usually accompany this form,

and are mostly absent in the typical one, but many exceptions

occur.

Schweinitz (Syn. Fung. Car. [1822] Nos. 497 and 498)

tlocribes this species under the names Puccinia Lespcdeza'

procumbeufis (497) and P. Lespeclezw poJfistachyce (498).

U. fabse, ( Pers. i DBy.

II.. III. Spots small, black; sori amphigenous, sparse above,

scattered, round or oblong, black, surrounded by the prominent

remains of the ruptured epidermis. II. Spores in roundish,

small and inconspicuous brownish sori, globose or oval, ob-

scurely warty, pale brown. 21-24 b}^ 24-29 u. III. Spores

roundish-oval, obovate. oblong, pyriform or often irregular,

epispore smooth, a])ex strongly thickened, obtuse or rounded,

18-21 by 27-47 ^: pedicels broad, a little longer than the spore.

On leaves of Lafhijrus palastris : McHenry, Aug. 23, 1238,

II., III. L. cenenosHs: McHenry, Aug. 20, 1156; Stephenson,

Sept. 13, 5827. L. oclirolencas: Lake, Aug. 27, 1343.

Persoon, in 1794 ( Roemer's X. Mag. I, p. 93), named a

fungus Uredo Fahte, and this is presumably the uredo form of

the present species. In 1801 (Syn. Fung. p. 221) he described

under the name 6i Vredo Vir/'ce Faho' what is no doubt the

teleutoform. DeBary (Ann. Sc. Nat. IV. XX. [1863]) wrote

Cromi/cef^ Faha'.

TJ. ririii'. V ric'ue-fab<t'. V. crvi iin({ f. oyo^/ are synonyms,

U. appendiculata, (Pers.) Lev.

II.. III. Spots yellowish and indefinite or none; sori am-
phigenous. scattered, pulverulent, often confluent. II. Sori



162 Illinois State Lahoratonj of Natural Histoyij.

yellowish brown, spores subglobose or oval, echinulate, 18-21

by 21-24 !x. III. Sori blackish purple, elliptical to subro-

tund, with a prominent obtuse hyaline apiculus, epispore thick,

smooth, 18-24 by 27-82 /^; pedicels hyaline, fragile, li to 2

times the length of the spore.

On Phaseolus vulgaris: Boone, Sept. 2, 1425, II., III.

»

Union, Oct. 21, II., III., Oct. 24, 1^83, II., III. P. diversifo-

lius: Cook, Sept. 5, 1442, Sept. 6, 1448, II., III.; Lee, Sept. 9,

5753, II., III.; LaSalle, Sept. 17, 1562, II., III.; Rock Island,

Sept. 24, 1643, II., III.; Union, Oct. 21, 1907, Oct. 24, 1981,

Nov. 3, 2189. P. helvolus: Union, Oct. 24, 1967, Oct. 25, 1995,

Oct. 29, 2112.

In Obs. Myc. I, p. 17, Persoon described ZTredo appendicu-

lata, and in Syn. Fung. pp. 221-222, repeated it with var. jjha-

seoli^ and two other varieties. The latter have been referred to

other species, leaving the original name for this form; but

the name Uronn/ces phaseoli is frequently used.

U. Oenotheras, Burrill.

I. Infected leaves somewhat involute or revolute; peridia

irregularly scattered over both surfaces of the leaf, minute,

short, roundish or slightly elongated, with a whitish, spreading

or somewhat recurved, irregularly lacerated border; spores pale,

globose-angular, 15 ^t in diameter. II. Spots red-purple,

indefinite; sori epigenous, roundish, soon naked, brown; spores

subglobose. minutely echinulate, brown, 15-18 by 16-24 ^.

III. Spots same; sori roundish or oblong, ei)igenous and soon

naked, or cauline and long covered by the epidermis, blackish:

spores oval, elliptical, or oblong, strongly thickened at the

apex, broadly rounded or variously pointed, dark brown, 16-18

by 24-30 a^; pedicels about 1| times the length of the spore,

often broad, tinted, especially close to the spore.

On (Enothera linifolia: Jackson, April 27, 4342, 1.. II., III.,

April 28. 4359. I., II., III.

The aecidia occur on the cauline leaves, affecting all alike,

but sparingly on the radical leaves; the uredo- and teleutoforms

are mostly confined to the radical leaves. The pedicels of the

uredo spores are frequently persistent.



Fanisifif Finu/i'of Illinois. 163

U. sperEQacoces,'(Schw.) Curt.

II., III. Amphigeiious. on stems and leaves; spots, none

observed: sori numerous, scattered, very prominent, rounded,

black, surrounded by the upturned epidermis. II. Spores

subglobose, yellowish, very minutely warty, 21-25 by 22-27 ,".

III. Spores subglobose, smooth, uniformly very dark colored,

24-27 by 80 ,"; pedicels persistent, _about 8-4 times the length

of the spore.

On stems and leaves of Diodia /f'yr.s.-",.Union, Oct. 25, 1994,

Oct. 29, 2122. Nov. 1. 2199. The uredo form was collected in

Union Co., Aug. 1880, by C. W. Butler.

U. Rudbeckise, Arth. & Hoi. (in lit. i.

Hypophyllous; spots pale, then brown or black, numer-

ous, scattered: sori small, densely clustered, somewhat circinat-

ing, slightl}^ raised, clusters plane, epidermis at length vanish-

ing with no remains around the cinnamon-colored sori: spores

oblong-obovate, obtuse or obtusely pointed, pallid, about 12 by

20 fi: pedicel slender, hyaline, somewhat longer than the spore.

On Rudheckia laciniata : McHenry. Aug. 24. 1278: Ste-

phenson. Sept. 21, 6084.

The spots resemble some forms of Pticcinia asferis, the

leaf soon breaking away, leaving holes as if eaten by an insect.

U. Howei, Peck.

III. Spots none: sori hypogenous, scattered, indefinitely

clustered, often confluent, surrounded by the remains of the

ruptured epidermis, blackish purple; spores oval or subglobose,

warty, 18-21 by 21-25 /t: pedicels about twice the length of

the spore, very fragile, breaking off. leaving a small portion at-

tached to the spore, which therefore appears to be very short-

pediceled.

Hypogenous, sori scattered or subconfluent, surrounded by the

ruptured epidermis, from one-half to one line in diameter; spores

brown, subglobose, roughened with slight indentations (?), .00083 to

.0010 in. in diameter.—Peck, 23d Rpt. X. Y. State Museum [1873], p. 58.

On leaves of Asclepias corn/tfi : Champaign, Aug. 11. 1016:

Cook. Sept. 8. 2351; Lee, Sept. 9. 5755; Stephenson. Sept. 13.



164. Illinois State Lahomtor;/ of Natural Histori/.

5826: JoDaviess, Sept.ilS, 5983:"Rock Island, Sept. 24, 1649;

LaSalle, Sept. 28, 6225; McLean, Oct. 19, 1892. A. tnherosa:

McHenry, Aug. 26, 1318; Champaign, Sept. 20. A. incarnata

:

LaSalle, Sept. 28, 6211.

The pedicels in this species very easily break away. They

are not short and permanent in specimens examined, as indi-

cated by Peck, 30th Rep. N. Y. State Mus., p. 75. The minute

roughness of the surface is indicative of a uredoform, but no

other form has been found, and these are certainly often pro-

duced very late in the season. On account of the deciduous

pedicels, Peck at first described the species under the generic

name of TrirJwbasis (23d Rep. N. Y. State Mus. [1873], p. 58),

but in 30th Rpt. [1878], p. 75, transferred it to Ih^omi/ces,

where it doubtless belongs. Perhaps strictness would require

the insertion of Peck in parenthesis, as authority for the spe-

cific name.

This is Uromi/ces asclepiarlis, Cke. (Grevillea V. [1877],

p. 152).

U. polygoni, (Pers.) Fckl.

I. Amphigenous; spots minute, inconspicuous; aecidia

few, irregularly collected in little groups, small, very short,

lacerated border scarcely recurved; spores subglobose or ellip-

tical, epispore thin, tuberculate, 15-18 by 18-21 ^, spermogo-

nia not found. II. Amphigenous; spots yellowish, sori small,

scattered, rotund, somewhat elevated; spores subglobose, epi-

spore thick, minutely roughened, 21 by 24 i^.. III. Sori caul-

ine, elongated, confluent, dark brown, prominent; spores oval,

obovate or oblong, obtuse, epispore smooth, thickened at the

apex, 15-24 by 21-35 ^; pedicels long, persistent, sometimes

reaching 100 ^.

On Polygoniaii <irici(Jare, var. erect iiiti: McLean, May 23,

4745, I., May 25, 4796, I., II., June 1, 4888, L, II., July 11,

2350, II., Oct. 11, 1834, II., III.; LaSalle, June 19, 5238, II.;

Champaign, Aug. 11, 1009, II.; McHenry, Aug. 31, 1395, IL,

III.; LaSalle, Sept. 12, 1488, II., Sept. 13, 1493, IL, IIL;

Union, Oct. 26, 2030, II. , III. P. ramosissimum: Lake, Aug.

22, 1222; Lee, Sept. 9, IL, III.; Union, Oct. 31, 2152, IL, IIL



]*((ra^itic Funr/i of lUinois. 105

The teleutofoi*m occasionally occurs on the midribs of the

leaves and (in Xo. 2152) even on the blade.

In 1797 Persoon ( Disp. Meth. ) named this plant Piircinia

poh/f/oiii, but afterwards wrote P. PoIi/(/oui Ariciihn-ia' (Syn.

Fung. [1801], p. 227.) Schroter in 1869 ( Rost u. Br. Pilze

Sehlesiens) adopted the name Uromyces Avicnlarice. Fuckel

published the name as rromijces Poh/(/oni in 1869 (Symb.

Myc. p. 64).

U. euphorbise, C. P.

II., III. Amphigenous; spots purple or yellowish; sori

scattered, round, small. II. Sori distinguished by their lighter

brown color, spores globose, minutely roughened, pale brown,

15-21 ^ in diameter. III. Spores subglobose, oval or obovate.

slightly apiculate, warty, 15-18 by 18-25 ,u, interspersed with

numerous slender paraphyses: pedicels about twice the length

of the spore, slender, hyaline, very fragile and deciduous, leav-

ing a small portion attached to the spore.

Leaves generally stained with red or purple; sori amphigenous, sub-

rotund, .slightly convex, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, ferru-

ginous-brown or blackish-brown; spores subglobose, rough, often with a

large nucleus, about 0008 in. in diameter: peduncle short, hyaline.

—

Peck, XXX Rep. X. Y. Mus. p. 00.

On leaves of Eiq)horhia manilaia : McLean, July 16. 2352;

McHenry. Aug. 22, 1221. Aug. 25, 1301: LaSalle^i Sept. 1().

1548 and 1550; Lee, Sept. 8, 5712; Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1()16;

Jersey. Oct. 14, 6316. K. hi/pericifolia: Adams, July 6, 5431,

II.. III.: McLean, July 7. 2353. Oct. 6, LS02; Tazewell. July 22,

2354; Piatt, Aug. 15. 1064, Aug. 17, 1104; Rock Island. Sept. 21,

1615; Ogle. Sept. 23, 6143; Union. Oct. 21, 1840. E. <le),f<da:

Adams, July 6, 5427, II., III., 5428. II.. III.; Jersey, Oct. 12,

621)3. II., III. E. heferophijlla: Ogle. Aug. 28, 5641, II.. HI.,

Sept. 23, 6144, Sept. 28, 6182, II., III.; Lee, Sept. 9, 5754, II..

in. Euphorbia sps.: McHenry. Sept. 1. 1409.

The pedicels are deciduous, as are those of P. Hoirci^ Peck,

and the surface of the spore is similarly roughened. uEcidiuni

CKphorbiit'. Pers.. accompanies the Proinijccsm Nos. 10()4, 1548.

1616, and 2353. but it is believed l)y most botanists to have no
connection with tliis Proiui/rcs.



16<) Illinois Sidle Uihoraforji of Natural History.

The synonymy of this species is discussed by Professor Far-

low'in the'Biilletin of the Bussey Institution, II, p. 245.

U/caladii, (Hchw.) Farlow.

I. Jl]cidia scattered over the whole under surface of the

leaf, short,"with a spreading border; spores subglobose to ellip-

tical, angular, minutely roughened, 15-18 by 18-24
n^'. sperni-

ogonia also hypophyllous, scattered, preceding and accompany-

ing the aicidia. II., III. Amphigenous; sori scattered, round

or oblong, often long remaining partly covered by the epider-

mis, frequently confluent. II. Spores pyriform, truncate at

the base, epispore thick, slightly thicker at the apex, conspicu-

ously echinulate, 15-21 by 25-32 i^. III. Spores oral, sub-

globose or pyriform, smooth, apiculate, 16-21 by 25-32 ^l.\ ped-

icels about as long as the spores, very fragile and deciduous,

leaving a small portion attached.

On Ariso'tna triphyllnm : McLean, May 23. 4755, I., Aug.

1, 2359, III., Aug. 6/ 2358, III.; LaSalle, June 15, 4991, I.

A. dracontium : Union, April 14, 4098 (spermogones), April

17, 4135, I., April 29, 4394, I.; Jackson, April 18, 4164, I.,

April 19, 4193, I.; Pulaski, May 1, 4399, I., II., May 2, 4423, I,

May 6, 4527, I., II., III., May 10, 4590, I.; Johnson, May 12,

4633, I., II.; McLean, May 23, 4754, I., July 20, 2357, III.,

July 29, 2356, III.; LaSalle, June 21, 5258, I., II., III.; Adams,

July 3, 5391, II., III., July 5, 5410, III., July 6, 5435, II., III.,

July 7, 5445, II., III., July 10, 5459, I., III.; Tazewell, July 22,

2355, III.: Piatt, Aug. 17, 1114, III.; Kane, Aug. 30, 1384,

III.;|Rock Island, Sept. 24, 1642, III. Peltandra virginica:

Indiana, near Cook Co. line, Sept. 7, 1456, II., HI.

The following is the synonomy of this species: Uredo

CaJadii, Schw. Syn. Fung. Car. [1822], No. 480. Ca^oma

(Uredo) Ari Virginici, Schw. Syn. N. Am. Fungi [1834], No.

2839. Uromyces Peltandrce, Howe. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V.

[1874], p. 43. Uromyces Ari-Virginici, Howe. 1. c, p. 43.

Uromyces Pontederio'^ Ger. 1. c. VI, p. 31. Uromyces Ariscemrf.

Cke. 1. c, p. 32.

Schweinitz was probably mistaken at first in his host plant,

and means to correct the error by changing the specific name
to Ari Virginici in the N. Am. Fungi. His description in the



J^dnisific Fidnji of JJIinois. I(i7

latter work shows that his specimens were the teleutoform,

and priority requires the name Uronn/rrs raladii ( Schw. ) as

used by Farlow (Ellis N. Am. Fungi No. 232 [1879].

U. pyriformis, Cke.

III. Spots none: sori amphigenoiis, fre(juently arranged

in an ellipse, elongated, very dark; spores })yriforin. ohtuse^

epis[)ore smooth, thickened at the apex, 15-20 l)y 25-23 ;«; ped-

icel half as long to as long as the spore, colored.

Amphigenous, erumpent, sori linear, sometimes confliu'iit, rather

pulverulent, purple-brown, epispore thickened aDovo; pedicels rather

short, thick, persistent, colored in the upper i)ortiou.—Cooke, XXIX.
Kep. N. Y. Mus. p. 6<J.

On leaves of uicoriis cahinuis: Lake, Aug. 27, 1330; Cook,

Sept. 5. 1434, Sept. 6, 1449, Sept. 7, 1459.

Mr. Peck remarks after the above description. ''The species

is very closely allied to V. spargdvii, but appears to differ in

habit." It is very doubtful whether it is distinct.

U. spharganii, C. & P.

III. Spots inconspicuous or none: sori amphigenous,

scattered or in elongated clusters, round or elongated, often

confluent, dark, pulverulent; spores pyriform or oblong, apex

rounded or truncate, epispore smooth, strongly thickened at the

apex, 15-20 by 24-32 f^; pedicels colored, half as long to as long

as the spore.

Sori minute, oblong, crowded, black, spores pyriform or oblong-py-

riforra, about .001 in. long; pedicel colored, shorter than or e(iual to the

length of the spore.—Peck, XXVI. Rep. X. Y. Mus. p. 77.

On both sides of leaves of Sp(/ri/(fHiiiiii ciiri/ci/rp/iiii : Cook,

Sept. 6. 1450. Sept. 8, 1450.

U. erytheronii, (DC.)

T. Spots puridish. inconspicuous; aicidia few, single or in

small clusters or lines, short, with a narrow, delicate, many-

lobed border: spores subglobose or oval, somewhat angular,

smooth or obscurely roughened, 15-21 by 21-27 /^. III. Spots

13



168 I/li)iois State Ldljoratory of Natural llistonj.

none; sori amphigenous, few, scattered, elliptical, usually re-

maining partly covered by the epidermis; teleutospores sub-

globose to oblong, apiculate. marked with longitudinal strite,

15-21 by 20-30 ^; pedicels fragile, deciduous.

On leaves of Allium striatiun: Union, April 12, 4028, I.,

TIL, April 15, 4108, I., III., April 17, 4139, I., III.; Jackson,

April 28, 4365.

The only perceptible difference between the Illinois speci-

mens and those on Erythronii(m from Europe is in the small

number of aecidia in a cluster.

U. junci, (Schw.) Tul.

II., III. Sori amphigenous, scattered or sometimes con-

fluent, roundish or elongated, prominent, long covered by the

epidermis, and after the rupture of the latter its edges conspic-

uous, the uredosori yellowish brown, the teleuto sori dark

brown. Uredospores subglobose, elliptical or sometimes pyri-

forni, echinulate, 12-18 by 18-21 n, occasionally longer. Teleu-

tospores clavate or irregularly elliptical, usually widest towards

the top. smooth; apex obtuse, rounded or truncate, strongly

thickened, deep brown; base narrowed; pedicel somewhat col-

ored, nearly or quite as long as the spore; 14-18 by 21-32 ,u.

On JiDtcHS tenuis: Pulaski. May 1. 4404, II.; Stephenson,

Sept. 13, 5830, II., III.

The teleutosori are often much infested with Darlara

fihdu. a parasite on a parasite. On Jiihchs teinn's this seems

especially true.

U. scirpi, Burrill.

II., III. Amphigenous, spots brown, indeterminate; sori

long covered by the epidermis, minute and rounded, or larger,

oblong, sometimes confluent end to end, forming clusters up

to one fourth of an inch long, nearly black. Spores among
the teleutospores few, irregularly elliptical, yellowish brown,

sparsely echinulate, 15-20 by 27-36 /i. III. Spores clavate-

elliptical, widest at centre, mostly pointed, brown, apex darker,

and thickened, 18 by 32-42^; pedicel stout, subhyaline, about

the length of the spore.



Pantsitic FiiiKji of Illinois. 1B9

On leaves of Scirpiis fnriafiJis: Champaign. Aug. 13.

1031. IT.. TIL: Piatt, Aug." 16, 108S: LaSalle, Sept. 16,1551,

Sept. 20. 15U7: Ogle, Sept. 22, 6114. 11.. 111.

The' leaves are thickly mottled with conspicuous hrown

spots, not definitely circumscrihed. The appearance is nearest

to that of Vromi/ces spartince. Farlow ( I\ Jioiri^ var. spartinw,

Ellis Exs. No. 239 ). of anything found, but it is sufficiently

distinct in the characteristics of the sori, and in the larger,

differently shaped spores.

U. acuminatus, Arthur.

11.. III. Hypogenous, sori scattered, elongated, soon

naked, ruptured epidermis ragged, conspicuous. Uredospores

globose or oval, somewhat echinulate. Teleutos))ores very

irregular, subglol:)ose to clavate, sometimes rounded or trun-

cate, but usually conspicuously and variously pointed; epispore

thin, smooth, yellowish brown. 15-lS by 24-39 .u; pedicel

rather slender, somewhat colored, from one to three times

length of spores.

1. Unknown. II., III. Sori linear, narrow, elonj^ated, on the un-

der .surface of the leaves plane or slightly convex, sunken, soon naked;

encircling epidermis somewhat conspicuous. II. Uredosori yellowish,

incon.^picuous; uredospores large, round or elliptical, finely and plenti-

fully echinulate, brownish yellow, .00088 to .0012 in. broad by .00102 to

.0'-)14 in. long. III. Teleutosori brownish black; teleutospores oblong-

club-shape and oblong lanceolate to obovate, smooth, golden brown,

darker at the apex, .0006 to .00088 in. broad by .0010 to .OOKiS in. long

;

wall thin; apex much thickened, .'^0032 to .00048 in. thick, more or less

obliquely acuminate, or rarely only apiculate, sometimes with two

pointed terminations, one longer than the other, very rarely obtuse or

rounded ; base narrowed or only acute
;
pedicel of uniform thickness,

as long as the spore, or shorter, very rarely longer, colored.—Arthur,

Bull. Minn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Vol. XI. p. :>5.

On leaves of Sparfina cunosnroides: McHenry. Aug. 26,

1326. L. IT.; LaSalle. Sept. 16. 1559.

Among the Croiiii/rrfes inhabiting grasses this is readily

distinguished by the irregular and peculiar shape of the teleu

tospores. While some are no longer than wide, many are ob-

long or nearly lanceolate, while the apex has a multitude of

forms: sometimes straight, sometimes acutely acuminate; often



170 lUinois State Labonitorij of Natural History.

turned side wise, beak-like; not seldom double; and occasionally

suggesting the appendages at the apex of the teleutospores of

PHCcinia coronata.

U. graminicola, Bun-ill.

11.^ III. Sori amphigenous, but more common on under

surface, scattered, small, oblong or linear, soon uncovered, the

ruptured epidermis ragged, but usually its remains plainly ap-

parent, Uredosori yellow, teleutosori blackish brown; uredo-

spores spheroidal or oval, minutely echinulate, 15-18 by 18-22
fj^.

Teleutospores variable, subglobose, oval or oblong, smooth;

apex rounded or angular, thickened, 12-18 by 21-30 ^; pedicel

somewhat colored, thick, scarcely tapering below, once to twice

the length of the spore.

On Panicnm virgat urn: McLean, July 20, 2347, II., III.,

Oct. 11, 1832; Champaign, Aug. 13, 1036, II., III.; McHenry,
Sept. 1, 1407. Ehjmus virginicus: Piatt, Aug. 10, 1001.

This species resembles somewhat closely U.jmwi, (Schw.

)

Tub, from which, however, it is sufficiently distinct aside from

the difference in host. Com])Hred with the Tatter the present

species has larger and sooner opened sori, the uredospores have

finer echinulations, and the teleutospores are usually shorter,

rounder, with apex less produced and pedicel very distinct,

being thicker, longer, and less tapering below. Among the

Urounjcetes on grasses this seems distinct from U. PeckianHs,

Farlow, to which it bears some resemblance. The latter has

the teleutospores more nearly subglobose, epispore uniformly

thickened, not produced at apex, and with longer and differ-

ent pedicels. Perhaps the nearest approach is to U. spartina^

Farlow, which, however, has much larger and thicker-walled

uredospores, and the teleutospores are lighter colored, more
regular in shape, with longer and more slender pedicels.

PUGOINIA, Pers.

Teleutospores two-celled, one above the other, brown, pro-

duced on permanent pedicels which arise in dense masses from
a cushion-like layer of irregular cells beneath the epidermis.

The characteristics of the genera Uromyces and Pucchiia



Paraxific Fiou/i of Illinois. 171

are sulistantially identical, exce])t that in the former the telen-

tospore consists of a single cell, and in the latter of two cells,

formed by a horizontal septum usually placed somewhat below

the middle. The cvcidium and nredo forms of the two genera

are not distinguishable. That the two genera are very

closely allied is also shown by the fact that in some species of

rromijces two-celled spores are met with, while, especially when
not fully nourished, single-celled spores are quite common in

certain PuccinicB. Occasionally more than two cells are ob-

served in true Puccinia spores, but in this case there is less dif-

ficulty in determining the classification, because the spores in

genera characterized by two or more transverse septa (Phrag-

niidiiim, etc.) are considerably different in appearance.

Tn exact strictness each cell in all these divided forms

should be called a spore, for each is independent of the others

in germination. Some have even called the whole body a spore

sack (ascus), and the single cells spores; ))ut there is no dis-

tinct wall for the former.

The genus has been divided as follows:

—

1. Lej^tojjKcciIlia.— Only teleutospores produced, which

are firmly attached to their stems and germinate soon after

maturity: sori quite firm, mostly hemispherical.

2. MicrojJiiccinia.—Only teleutospores known, these read-

ily separating from the pedicels, germinating only after a long

})eriod of rest.

8. Hemipuccinia. — Uredo- and teleutospores known,

yecidia not known.

4. Pucciniopsis.—iEcidia and teleutospores known, uredo

wanting.

5. Eitpiiccinid.—^cidia, uredo- and teleutospores known.

a. AtifopHccinia.—All sporeforms on the same plant.

b. Heteropuccinia.—JEcidia (and spermagonia) on a

different host species from the uredo- and teleuto-

spores.

The third division now undoubtedly contains many species

which further information will transfer to the fifth, and the

same may be said, with less probability, of the fourth. Since

this classification is not applied in what follows, we simply cite

as examples of the first: P. anemones-virginianw^ Schw. ; P.



172 Illinois State Lahonitory of Natural Hisfori/.

circecB, Pers. ; P. asteris, Duby; of the second — none in the

list known ; of the third: P. pruni-spinosaj, Pers. : P. scirpi.

DC; P. mayd is, Cdii.: of the fourth: P. r«;#f/^«to, Schw.; of the

fifth, lirst division: P. tanaceti, DC; P. flosculosorum, P.

menthce, Pers., second division: P.cariris (Schum.); P. granri-

nis, Pers.

P. anemones-virginianse, Schw.

in. Spots dark brown; sori hypophjllous, prominent,

small, but commonly in dense, wart-like clusters, dark-brown

;

spores linear-oblong, obtuse, slightly constricted, light-brown

below, darker above, the upper cell the shorter, and with the

epispore thickened at the apex. 12-15 by 35-55 ^u.; pedicels very

short, colored.

Spots none ; sori scattered, rather large, so compact that they appear

solid, black ; spores at length easily breaking up. The sori are scattered

over the whole leaf, and at first lutescent, and as if sunken.—Schweinitz

N. Am. Fungi, No. 2937, p. 296.

On leaves of Anemone cyli)idrica: McHenry, Aug. 23, 1241,

Sept. 1, 1404; Cook, Sept. 5, 1441; LaSalle, Sept. 13, 1495. A.

Virglniana: Piatt, Aug. 17, 1115; Union, Aug. 17, 2519; Mc-

Henry, Aug. 27, 1335; McLean, Sept. 6, 5668; LaSalle, Sept.

12, 1471, Sept. 20, 1598; Lee, Sept. 21, 5797; JoDaviess, Sept.

16, 5953, Sept. 18, 5991, Sept. 20, 6037.

The spores are light colored and fragile, when dry, much
shrunken. Only teleutoform known.

Schweinitz first gave the name cited above (Syn. Fung.

Car. [1822] p. 46), and afterward (N. Am. Fungi [1834] p.

296) changed it to P. solida.

P. ranunculi, Seymour.

III. Amphigenous, but mostly epiphyllous. Sori irregu-

larly associated, often crowded but scarcely confluent, occupy-

ing large areas or the whole of the leaf surface, little elevated,

circular, powdery, surrounded by the upturned edges of the

epidermis, aecidium-like, cinnamon-brown; teleutospores broad-

ly elliptical, usually little or not at all constricted at the sep-

tum, ends rounded, vertex more rarely furnished with a low,



Parasitic Fungi of IIJinoi>i. 173

pale upiculus, thickly but minutely tuberculate, 18-24 by 22-39,a;

pedicel hyaline, fragile, short, sometimes more or less lateral.

On Banunctdus rejJcns: Riverside, Illinois, near Chicago,

June 2, 1883, J. C. Arthur.

The little warts of the epispore are scarcely or not at all

visible in soaked specimens. The teleutospores sometimes ger-

minate in the sorus in June. One-celled specimens are not

uncommon, and some vary widely from the described type.

P. podophylli, Schw.

1. Hypogenous. Spots indefinite, mostly large, sometimes

confluent over the whole leaf, yellow: wcidia densel}^ crowded,

very short, deeply and numerously split and much recurved,

very fragile; iecidiaspores subglobose or elliptical, epispore

very thin, minutely tuberculate, l()-27 ^; spermagonia minute,

rather sparsely scattered, opposite the aecidia. (^cidiiim podo-

phijJU, Schw.) II. Unknown. III. Amphigenous on leaves

and stems, on the former mostly beneath; sori small, rounded,

usually more or less confluent; spores ovate, obovate or ellipti-

cal, beset with straight or curved conspicuous spines, 20-27 by

39-48 ,a; pedicel very delicate and fugacious.

On PodoplujUum peUatiim : Union, April 12, 4031, I, April

14, 4085, I., 4080, I., TIL, April 15, 4107, 1., III., April 17, 4130,

r.. III., April 18, 4107, I., III., April 19, 4174, I., III., April 24,

4244, I., III., April 20, 4302, I., III., 4304, I., III., April 29,

4392, I., III.; Jackson, April 20, 41 9(). 1., III., April 21, 4215,

I.. III., April 27, 4341, I., III.; Pulaski, May 1, 4400, I., III.,

4419, I., May 4, 4482. I.. III., May 5, 4490, III., May 0, 4526,

I., III.; McLean, July 5, 2279. July 7, 2283, July 12, 2282,

Aug. 1, 2281; Tazewell. July 22. 2288; McHenry. Aug. 20,

1140: Lake, Aug. 27. 1348.

Commonly known as P. acaleata^ Schw., but the above

name has priority. The s})ecies is readily identified by the

spines of the teleutospore. The aecidia occur on the parenchy-

mentous portions of the leaf, and the teleutospores are not

unfrequently subsequently produced along the veins and upon

the stems, having no apparent mycelial connection with the

aecidia. In other cases they are produced either in the midst

of the ajcidia or in close proximity to them.



174 Illinois State Lahoratorij of Natural History.

P. violse, DC.

I., IT., TIT. Amphigenons, or often hypogenous. I. Spots

definite or mora or less diffused, sometimes covering large areas

of the l)lades and of the petioles; secidia irregularly (usually

densely) clustered, short, rather coarsely and deeply lacerated

and irregularly recurved; spores subglobose, epispore very thin,

minutely tuberculate, 12-18 ft; spermagonia not found. II.,

TIT. Sori sparsely scattered, or collected in little irregular

groups upon discolored spots (^Ecidium violae, Schum.). II.

Spores subglobose, elliptical or obovate, epispore thick, sharply

echinulate, cinnamon-brown, nearly as dark as the teleutospore,

18-24 ^. IT. Spores usually broadly elliptical, frequently ir-

regular, little or not at all constricted at the septum, w^hich is

thick, vertex thickened, furnished with a conspicuous, tinted,

usually obtuse apiculus. and a somewhat similar projection

sometimes occurs on the side of the under segment near the

septum, base mostly obtusely rounded, epispore rather thick,

conspicuously but rather finely tuberculate, 18-24 by 26-37 ^;

pedicels hyaline, fragile, sometimes more or less lateral, not

longer than the spore.

On Viola ciicullata: McLean, Aug. 4. 2284; McHenry, Aug.

22, 1207, IT., TIT., Aug. 31, 1391; Lake, Aug. 29, 1360; Ste-

phenson, Sept. 14, 5888, IT., TIL; JoDaviess, Sept. 20,6034,

TIT.; Ogle, Sept. 23, 6137, ITT. V. striata: Jackson, April 18,

4163, L, April 19, 4173, L; Union, April 24, 4245, I., TIT. V.

puhescens: McLean. June 24, 5285, IT., TIL, July 15, 2286,

Aug. 1, 2285, Aug. 6, 2287, Adams, June 28, 5326, IT., ITT.

Viola sj). : Kane. Aug. 30, 1381.

P. Marise-Wilsoni, Clinton.

I. Amphigenous. ^cidia regularly scattered, often

closely associated over large areas of the host; peridia lacini-

ated and excurved; spores subglobose, epispore thin, finely

echinulate, 15-18 /^; spermogonia scattered among the aecidia.

III. Sori hypogenous, irregularly clustered, little elevated,

long covered by the epidermis; spores irregular and various,

more often elliptical, not constricted at septum, the latter

strongly developed; apex obtuse, sometimes furnished with a



Parasitic Finn/i of IJIiiiois. 1 75

very short apiculus, epispore thick, conspicuously, though ra-

ther finely tuberculate, 21-27 by 30-48 ix: pedicel hyaline,

fragile, short.

Qroma {^Ecidii(in) Claytonialuni, L. v. S. Almost simple and without

spots, occupying the whole leaf. Pseudoperidia broad, scattered. Spores

orange.—Schw N. Am. Fung., No. 2892, p. 294.

Pnccinlu Maniv-Wihoni, Clinton. Amphigenous ; spots none; sori

scattered or clustered unequal, at first covered by the epidermis, tlien

surrounded by its ruptured remains ; reddish brown ; spores subellip-

tical, scarcely constricted, crowned with a pustule, .0013-.0018 in. long,

.0007-.0008 in. broad.—Peck, 25Kep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 115.

On Claytonia Virginica : Both forms were collected at

Riverside, Illinois, near Chicago, June 2. 1S83, by J. 0. Arthur.

This compound specific name ought not to be tolerated.

Whatever may be said of the Schweinitzian and other old

specific names composed of the binomial name of the host,

there is no excuse in such a case as the present for disregard-

ing a well-established and appropriate rule.

In the accessible descriptions nothing is said of the tuber-

culate surface of the teleutospores.

P. heterospora, B. & C.

III. Spots purple, definite: sori hypogenous, small, densey

and definitely clustered, soon naked, ruptured, epidermis incon-

spicuous; spores subglobose or rarely elongated, mostly single-

celled, but frequently septate in any direction, epispore smooth,

gradually thickened toward the apex, diameter 18-27 ,u; pedicel

hyaline, slender, diminishing below, about three to five times

the length of the spore.

Sori minute, collected in orbicular groups, brown ; spores subglo-

bose, with the pedicel attenuated do vvn ward, subequal, at length septate.

—Berkeley, Journ. Linn. Soc. Vol. X., p. 35ti.

On Si(h( spinosa: Union, Sept. 17, 1882, 5033. F. S.

Earle.

This is Vromijcps jJidcherrima, B. & C. (Grev. III. [1874]

p. 50, also r. Thwaifesii. B. & Br. Journ. Linn. Soc. XIV.

[1875] p. 1»2,).

The original description by Berkeley and Curtis is in Jour.

Linn. Soc. X. [1869] p. 356. See A. B. Seymour, Botanical

Gazette, 1884, p. 357.



17<) . Illinois State L<thoratori/ of Natural Histori/.

The species is properly a Puccinia since the septate cells,

though usually less in number than the simple ones, are numer-

ous and normal in character— evidently the highest develop-

ment of the plant.

P. nolitangeris, Cda.

Hypophyllous. 11., III. Sori minute, scattered uredo-

sori yellowish; teleutosori brown: uredospores subglobose, ob-

scurely echinulate, diameter 16-19 i^.; teleutospores elliptical

to oval, but irregular, rounded at both ends and slightly con-

stricted, with a prominent hyaline apiculus, 15-18 by 25-33 /x;

pedicels hyaline, very fragile and deciduous, apparently about

as long as the spores.

Spots irregular, confluent, flavescent ; sori gregarious, rufo-fuscous ;

spores oblong, obtuse or attenuated, apiculate, amoene fuscous, hyaline
;

epispore simple, thin ; nucleus grumulose ; oil globules white ; terminal

apiculus hyaline, whitish; pedicel rudimentary, almost none, white.

Length of spore, .00134.—Corda, Icon. IV, p. 16.

On leaves of Impatiens fuloa: La Salle, Sept. 12, 1479. II,

III, Sept. 14. 1536, II, III. I. pallida: La Salle, Sept. 12,

1480. II.. III.. Sept. 17. 1590. II.. III. Impatieus: LaSalle.

Sept. 30, 6245, II., III.

This species has now been found for four successive years

in the " Lower Park." at Deer Park. LaSalle Co., though dili-

gent search fails to discover it in any of the similar localities

in that region, nor has it been found elsewhere in the State.

P. amorphae, Curt.

11. Sori usually epiphyllous. small, few, clustered, sur-

rounded by numerous closely packed, clavate, incurved, brown

paraphyses; spores ovate or oval, minutely echinulate, 12-15 by

18-21 y.. in. Amphigenons; sori small, scattered, or above

clustered and circinate; j)araphyses as in II; spores much
constricted, cells globose, enveloped by a thick, hyaline, readily

separable coat, without latter, 24-30 by 42-45 /tt; pedicels hya-

line, fragile.

Aiaphigenous, sori scattered and approximate in yellow spots, sub-

rotund, black ; spores compact, oval, rarely globose, constricted in the

middle, opaque; pedicel short or none . . . . Sporidia remarkable for a



Parasitic Finif^i of Illinois. 177

loose, transparent, vesicular (?) epidermis, often enclosing and border-

ing the opaque nucleus.—Curtis. Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, 2 Ser., Vol. VI.

p. 35.i.

On leaves of AniorpJia frufirosa: Adams, July 11. 5503.

II.: McLean. Jnly 29. 2289. II., III.. Oct. 18. 1859; Piatt. Aug.

15, 1076, Aug. 16, 1080, TL. III.. Aug. 17, 1133; Lee, Sept. 9.

5765. II., III., 5766: LaSalle, Sept. 12, 1476, II., III., Sept. 13.

1515. Sept. 14. 1535; Ogle. Sept. 25, 6162: Fulton, Oct. 1, 1772.

A. canescens: McHenry. Aug. 24, 1264, Aug. 25, 1290. Aug, 27,

1332, II., III.; Lake, Aug. 27, 1345: Lee, Sept. 11, 5785: Ste-

phenson. Sept. 14, 5891: JoDaviess, Sept. 15. 5915: Ogle, Sept.

22. 6097.

This is Vropyxis a)norph((\ Schroter: but aside from the

peculiar coating of the teleutospore there is nothing to separate

the species from Puccinia. The uredoform would have been

considered a good Lecythia. and is much like that of Melai)ip-

sora on willows. The teleutosori on the upper side of the leaf

are compact., the spores crowded together. On the under side

the spores are diffusely associated in the sori.

P. pruni-spinosae, Pers.

II., III. Hypophyllous. Spots above small, scattered or

confluent, II. yellow. III. purple; sori scattered, small, rounded,

teleutosori purplish brown: uredospores oblong or clavate-

elliptical. smooth, 15-18 by 32-39 ,tt: paraphyses pedicel-lilce,

then swollen at the end and often curved: teleutos[)ores

deeply constricted, the segments often globose, easily separable

or more closely united aud irregular, strongly echinulate, 21-24

by 24-39 ^: pedicels hyaline, very fragile, about the length of

the spore: the paraphyses numerous, much enlarged above,

and brown.

Scattered, minute, punctiform, spores globose, twin; pedicels very

short.—Pers. Syn. Fung. p. 226.

On leaves of Primus Americana: Lake, Aug. 29, 1361:

McHenry, Aug. 31, 1387; Lee, Sept. 9, 5759; LaSalle, Sept. 13,

1502: JoDaviess, Sept. 16, 5954, Sept. 18, 5988, Sept. 19, 5994;

Ogle. Sept. 25, 6171. P. Vir(/inia)ia : McLean, Aug. <). 2290.

P. serotina: Ogle. Sept. 22. 1)112, U., IIL, Sept. 26, 6191, II.,

IIL



178 Illinois State Lahoratorij of Natural History.

The uredoform is Uroniijces prunormn^ Fckl. The shape

and attachment of the cells of the teleutospores vary on differ-

ent hosts. On Primus Americana the cells are nearly or quite

globular^ and easily separated, while on P, serotina they are

well joined and variable.

Nees (Syst. d. Pilze u. Schwamme [1816]), under the

generic name of Dicceoma, separated the Puccinia species in

which the spores spontaneously divided at the septum before

germination. P. prHni-spinosa; belongs to this group.

P. Peckiana, Howe.

III. Hypogenous. Sori small, scattered, few or many,

sometimes sparingly confluent, cinnamon-brown, powdery:

spores in one view more or less triangular, in the other, at right

angles to the first, elliptical, not constricted at segment, upper

segment triangular, with a small hyaline, obtusely rounded

apiculus, lower segment in side view somewhat quadrate, with

two basal projections, to one of which the pedicel is attached,

and the other is terminated with a hyaline apiculus similar to

that of the upper segment, 22-27 (base) by 36-45 /u.; pedicel

hyaline, fragile.

On B.uhus riHosus: IJrbana, July 24, 1884, T. J. Burrill.

This may be the teleutoforni of what is called C(fonm

nitens, Schw., the '"orange rust' of the blackberry, so well

known to horticulturists. The Puccinia has also been found

on raspberry leaves in New York, and the Cceonia sometimes

occurs on the latter host. Puccinia fripustulata, Peck, is

the same species, and so admitted by the author of the latter

name.

P. tiarellse, B. & C.

III. Amphigenous. Spots small, distinct, reddish brown;

sori scattered, circular, prominent, on the petioles more or less

elongated and sometimes confluent, chestnut-brown; spores

elliptical, constricted at the septum, vertex much thickened,

and usually prominently pointed, base mostly obtusely rounded,

epispore rather thin, smooth, 12-18 by 21-36 ^; pedicel nearly

hyaline, very slender, once to twice as long as the spore.

On Mitella diplnjlla : Kane, Aug. 30, 1382.



Pardsific Fiunji of Illinois. 179

Thanks are due to Professor W. G. Farlovv for the eoiupii-

rison of this with original specimens.

P. proserpinacse, Farlow.

II., III. Amphigenoiis. l)ut often only hypophyllous. Sori

rounded, scattered or collected in irregular groups, sometimes,

especially along the veins, confluent, rarely naked, the uredosori

surrounded by the remains of the ruptured epidermis, the two

kinds nearly of the same color, chestnut-hrown. the teleutosori

liecoming grayish from the germinating filaments; uredospores

obovate. pale cinnamon-colored, epispore rather thick, sharply

echinulate. ir)-21 by 24-30 /.i: teleutospores oblong, sometimes

narrower, usually gradually contracted at the septum, apex

thickened and rounded or pointed, epispore thin, smooth, cell

contents granular, pale brown. 15-21 by 85-52 ^; pedicel nearly

hyaline, usually al)0ut half the length of the spore.

Sori round, scattered, soon becoming naked. Uredosi)ores yellow-

ish brown, oval, echinulate, 20-26.-5 ,« in diameter, average 22-23 /'. Te-

leutospores brown, densely packed and germinating in the sorus, short-

stalked, clavate, contracted somewhat at the septum, apex rather acute,

with thickened cell wall, o8-5.o // by 17-21 //.—Farlow, Proc. Am. Acad.

Arts & Sci., Vol. XVIII., p. 80.

On Proserpinarea palnstris: Ravenswood, near Chicago,

Sept. 4. 1S,S8. J. C. Arthur.

P. circaeae, Pers.

111. Hypophyllous. Spots definite, purple or Ijrowu: sori

rounded, clustered, and more or less circinate; spores oblong,

:>lightly constricted, smooth, obtusely pointed, apex thickened.

narroAved at base. 15 by 24-()() u; pedicel somewhat colored,

equalling or exceeding the length of spore.

Scattered, wart-like, chestnut-color, spores ovate and acute.— Pers.

Syn Fung. p. 228.

On Circn'O Liitdiaua: .Johnson. May 11. 4»ill: Adams.

June 27. 58(nt; McLean. July 15, 221)5. July 20. 2298, 5B02,

July 27. 221)1. Aug. 1, 22U4: Tazewell. July 22. 2292; Piatt,

Aug. 17. 1110: McHenry, Aug. 20, 1170, Aug. 22, 1204; Kane.

Aug. 80, 1879; Lee, Sept. 11. 57n7; LaSalle, Sept. 17. 1567,



18(1 lUinois State Lahonitonj of Natural His^torij.

Sept. 30. 0251; Stephenson, Sept. l:}, 5882; JoDaviess, Sept.

15, 5V)17, Sept. 11). 5U95; Ogle, Sept. 28,0138. C. alpina: Kane.

Aug. 30. 1380.

On Circd'a Lntctiana the sori are marked, while on C. al-

pina they are distinct, smaller, and often circinate.

P. pimpinellse, ( Strauss ) Lk.

II.. III. Amphigenous. Sori rather large, round, scat-

tered, soon naked. Uredospores globose or ovate, minutely

roughened, thick-walled, 18-21 by 24-27 ^; teleutospores broad,

ends rounded, little constricted, surface roughened with mesh-

like depressions. 18-21 by 2V)-35 ^x pedicel hyaline, fragile,

sometimes more or less lateral.

Spots obliterated, sori siibrotund, scattered, amphigenous, spores

cinnamon, of two forms, ovate and obovate, short pedicelled.—Link,

Linn. Sp. Plant, VI., P. II., p. 77.

On Osmorrhiza longistylis: Fulton, 2269,11., III. (Wolf);

Adams, June 30, 5359.
'

0. hreristylis: LaSalle, Sept. 29, 6231.

Peck (29 Rep. N. Y. State Mus. [1878] p. 73) mentions

without describing P. osinorrhizw, C. & P.. on Ostnorrhiza.

Previously (25 Rep. N. Y. State Mus. [1873] p. 112) he des-

cribes P. mijrrhis. Schw. ( N. Am. Fungi. [1834] p. 296) on

the same host plants. Schroter (Hedw. XIV. [1875] p. 169)

shows the latter to be the same as P. pimpinella^ Lk. (Spec.

Plant. II. [1824-25] p. 77). Winter (Rabh. Kryptog. Fl. I.

[1882] p. 212) unites these two with P. clia'rophjjUi, Purton,

(Brit. Plants III. [1821] No. 1553), and other supposed species

under the name of P. pimphiellce (Strauss). The above men-
tioned specimens collected by Wolf were identified by Peck as

P. osmorrhizcp, C. & P., but they agree with his description

of P. nii/rrJiis, Schw., and with Thiimen's specimens, including

those of P. myrrh is, Schw. (Mycoth. Univ. No. 1327), collect-

ed in New York by Gerard, and P. cha'rophyUi, Purton, (My-
coth. Univ. No. 1229).

P. galiorum, Lk.

I. iEcidia hypophyllous, small, short, reflexed at summit;

spores subglobose or broadly oval, smooth, 15-21 ^. II. Not yet

found in Illinois. III. Amphigenous; sori usually scattered



Paras/'f/r Finn//' of Illinois. 181

singly on leaves and stem, round or somewhat elongated;

spores irregular, elongated, mostly oblong or clavate-ellipti-

ful, smooth, apex strongly thickened, obtuse or variously

pointed, sometimes broadly truncate, usually narrowed to the

base, 18-21 by 23-45 fi; pedicels hyaline, about the length of

the s])ore.

On GaJiinii co)ici)i»Hiii : Champaign, Aug. 18, 1087; Piatt,

Aug. 15. 10()2, Aug. 17, 1116; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1188, Aug.

22, 1201. Aug. 28, 1287, Aug. 28, 1806; Lee, Sept. 8, 5728; La

Salle, Sept. 18, 1519, Sept. 80, 6258; Stephenson, Sept. 18, 5881;

JoDaviess, Sept. 16, 51)55; Ogle, Sept. 28, 6187^; Henry, Sept.

28, 1727; Jersey, Oct. 14-, 6080. (i. friflorHiH : Champaign,

dune 0, 4085, I., TIL. June 10. 4057, 1.. HI.; Adams, June 27,

5808. I., IIL, June 20, 5848, L, III.

Single-celled teleutospores are rather numerously found.

P. tenuis, Burrill.

1. Hypophyllous, rarely also epiphyllous; tecidia clustered

in little irregular groups or sparsely scattered, very small, short,

the narrow border irregularly lacerated and recurved: spores

subglobose, very minutely tulierculate, 14-18 «. (\Fci(liiiii

tciiue, Schw.) in. Hypophyllous: spots small, often conflu-

ent, mostly yellow, with a broad blackish center; sori some-

times scattered, usually confluent, effused, slightly convex,

covered by the epidermis, dull grayish black; spores oblong-

clavate. slightly constricted, usually angular or variously con-

s|>icuously ])ointed, 15 by 40 ^; i)edicels hyaline or slightly

colored, half as long as the spore.

^Ecidium tenve, Scbw. Spots yellowish, evanescent, very small
;

peridia scatte/'ed, little elevated, but, what is peculiar, amphigenoiis —
closed on the upper surface, open on the lower ; spores pallid.—Schwei-

nitz, X. Am. Fungi, No. 2889.

On leaves of Eupatoriuni ayeratoides: Johnson, May 11,

4612,1.; McLean, Aug. 6, 2802; Champaign, Aug. 18, 1058;

Piatt. Aug. 17, 1108; Lake, Aug. 27, 1840.

P. Kuhniae, Schw.

II., III. Amphigenous; sori not pi'ominent nor compact,

often ragged from the uneven height of the spores. II.



182 lllhiois State LaljordtoDj of Natiiir/J History.

Spores with the teleutospores, subglobose to oblong, echiniilate,

yellowish brown, 16-27 by 27-30 /j-. III. Spores quite uni-

form, rounded at both ends, broad, with a very short, nearly

hyaline apiculus, and sometimes a simular projection on the

side of the lower segment, thick walled, dark colored, smooth,

30 by 44 /It; pedicels as long as 90 /j-.

Spots none ; sori amphigenous, pulvinate, densely aggregated,

blackish brown; spores rather large, broad, longpedicelled.—Schweinitz,

N. Am. Fungi, No. 2931, p. 296.

On K/ihnia enpcdoriodes: Lee, Sept. 9, 5761, II., III.; La

Salle, Sept. 12, 1478, Sept. 14, 1542; Stephenson, Sept. 14,

5889, II., III.; Champaign, Sept. 23; McLean, Oct. 7, 1823;

Jersey, Oct. 12, 6270.

P. conoclinii, Seymour.

II., III. Mostly hypophyllous; spots small, purple, often

confluent over large areas, becoming pale; sori scattered, sparse

or very numerously associated, not often confluent, uredosori

cinnamon-brown; teleutosori dark reddish brown; uredospores

subglobose to oval, sharply echinulate. 18-27 a^; teleutospores

broadly oval, little constricted, ends rounded, walls thick, warty,

27 by 32-42 fji\ pedicel nearly hyaline, firm, crooked, very long,

about three times the length of the spores.

On Conoclin'uiiii cfrJestiiiuiii : Pine Hills, Union Co., Sept.

11, 5034, II.. III. F. S. Earle.

This is F. centanrew, DC. of Berkeley's Notices of North

American Fungi (Grrevillea III. p. 53) ascertained by examina-

tion of the original specimens in Herb. Curtis, but differs from

other authentic specimens bearing this name.

P. asteris, Duby.

III. Hypophyllous. Sori densely crowded in round, dis-

tinct, and firm clusters, the latter scattered, few or many, light

to dark brown; spores smooth, clavate. gradually narrowed to

the septum and toward the base, upper segment widest, apex

thickened, rounded or pointed. 15-18 by 33-45 ju; pedicel nearly

hyaline, usually somewhat shorter than the spore.

Spots above yellowish, sori large, fuscous, orbicular and elongated,

convex, compact, and powdery, scattered, hypophjdlous, surrounded by



Panisific FiitKji of I/liiioii^. 188

tlie ruptured epidermis. Stipe wliite, iiliform, nearly equalinji tlie

elongate elliptical spore, which is constricted in the middle, lower article

elongate-turbinate, up])er obtuse, elliptical or ovate-gloVjose.—Buby,
Bt)tanicon (iallicnm, Yol. II. p. 888.

On leaves of Aster shortii: McLean. July 15. 2808 and

28(n). Aug. 4. 2807, Aug. 6. 280(>. A. sagittifolius: McLean.

July 7. 2818 and 2815. July 12, 2819. Juiy 15. 2815. July 16,

2816. July 21). 2818, Aug. 1, 2820. Aug. 4. 2810. Aug. 6. 2811.

2812, Oct. 19. 1894: Ogle. Sept. 28. 6141; Fulton. Oct. 3. 1787.

A. miser: McLean. Oct. 11. 1883. A. Nova'-Anglice: McLean.

July 25. 2314: Stephenson. Sept. 18. 5836. ' Aster sps.: McLean,

July 7. 2823. July 14. 5587. July 17. 5581. Oct. 6. 1797: Adams.

July 10. 5455: Tazewell. July 22. 2821 and 2822: Piatt. Aug.

16.108:3. Aug. 17. 1128: McHenry. Aug. 24. 1269. Aug. 81.

18S8.

There is no apparent reason for keeping sei)arate the vari-

able form.s known as P. aster is^ Schw.. and P. Gerardii, Peck.

On A. sagittifoliiis both are found on the same leaf in several

instances. The younger more rapidly grown specimens are

lighter colored, and there are all degrees of distinctness and

confluence of the sori. When on thin leaves the spots quickly

die. the sjjores are very poorh' developed, light-colored, thin-

walled, and very fragile. In other cases the sori are somewhat

circinate in arrangement and not crowded. The central and

older ones are covered with the epidermis, the outer, younger,

and lighter brown ones burst through and are thus naked. Sori

very rarely occur on the upper side of the leaf. On Aster Nor<v-

Anglid' the spores are better developed, plumper, stronger,

darker l)rown, yet on dead spots are the opposite. Here the

sori are usually much scattered, not collected in clusters.

Sometimes on thin leaves of several species, dead spots soon fall

out. leaving more or le.ss rounded holes.

Again. Schweinitz's name (N. Am. Fungi [1884] p. 296)

is untenable, having been previously used by Duby (Bot. (iall.

[1828-30] p. 888). For this reason the name P. Gerardii,

much more recently given by Peck (25 Rep. N. Y. State Mus.

[1870] p. 91) should be adopted if either. But there is a fur-

ther question, whether or not the American specimens are spe-

cifically distinct from those of P]uro})e. Three names have been

14



841 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

given to the latter, P. Asteris, Duby, F. Tripolii, Wallr. (Flora

Crypt, derm. [1881-8] II. p. 228), and P. Asteris, Fckl. (Synib.

Mycol. [1875] p. 58), which have been pronounced synonyms

by several botanists, and from the material and descriptions at

hand it is impossible to separate from these the American

forms. Schroter (Hedw. XIV. [1875] p. KU)), after an exam-

ination of original specimens, confidently declares that the

forms are specifically identical. Cooke (Grevillea III. [1875],

p. 169) seems to regard Schweinitz's species as distinct from

the European plant, though not supposing P. frcrardii.! Peck,

specifically different from the former. After careful compari-

son of specimens, all are here referred, as may be seen, to the

species called Puccinia Asteris by Duby.

P. silphii, Schw.

III. Hypogenous; spots scabious, numerous, scattered,

concave, with a raised rim; sori very prominent, wart-like, com-

pact, dull grayish brown; spores irregular, oblong-clavate, con-

spicuously and angularly pointed, firm, dark colored, but not

thick walled, smooth, contents granular, 13 by 40 /*; pedicel

tinted, firm, about the length of the spore. The leaves are

often thickly spotted and scarred by the fungus, and large

patches of sori occur also on the stems.

Spots rather small, purple ; sori thick, pulvinate, confiuent, aggre-

gated, black ; spores compact, of uniform color.—Schweinitz N. Am.
Fungi, No. 2929, p. 296.

On Silphiiini terehinthitiaceiim : McLean, June 28, 5275.

S. integrifoliuni .-McLean, June 28, 5276, July 14, 5586, July 16,

2388, July 26, 2382: Champaign, Aug. 13, 1039; McHenry,

Aug. 26, 1322, Aug. 27, 1837, Aug. 31,'] 889, Sept. 1, 1408; La-

Salle, Sept. 16, 1558. S. perfoUatum: McLean, May 80, 4828;

June 19, 5265, July 17, 5579; Adams. June 80, 5368;' McHenry,

Aug. 24, 1272; Lee, Sept. 9, 57()3.

P. xanthii, Schw.

III. Hypophyllous. Sori small, mostly closely clustered

in spots or patches; spores smooth, oblong, evidently constrict-

ed, apex slightly thickened, round, or beak-like, 15-21 by

36-51jw; pedicel slightly colored, usually shorter than spore.



Parasitic Finu/i of Illinois. 18f>

On leaves of Ambrosia frip'da : MeLeaii, July T), 2888, July

21), 2880, Auft-. 4, 2884: Ch;uui)aigii, Aug. 12, lOlV); Piatt, Aug.

17, IKH); Fulton, Oct. 8, 1784. Xanthiim strnniariiim : Mc-
Lean, July 4, 2887, July (), 2387, July 11, 2888, July 14, 5588;

July 2.9, 2885, Oct. 6, "l796: Tazewell, July 22, 2886: Cham-
paign, Aug. 13, 1041; Piatt, Aug. 17, 1128; McHenry, Aug.

22. 1205: Lee, Se]it. 8, 5719: LaSalle, June 19, 5286, Sept. 12,

1477: JoDaviess, Sept. 18, 5985; Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1611;

Union, Oct. 21, 1982. Oct. 25. 1998 and 2004; Pulaski, Nov. 4,

2249.

Tn the s])ecinieus on Aiiihrosia. the s])ores are somewhat

thinner walled and more rounded than in those on Xanfliiin)/,

hut the difference is slight.

P. tanaceti, DC.

IL, in. Amphigenous, Sori mostly rather large, scat-

tered, often sprinkled over the entire leaf; uredospores glohose

to ovate, echinulate, 21-24 by 27-82 /x; teleutospores variable,

broadl}' oblong to broadly oval with rounded ends, usually lit-

tle constricted, smooth, or sometimes warty towards the apex,

the latter thickened or not, 21-27 by 84-60 ^; pedicel hyaline,

very long, two to four times the length of the spore.

On leaves of Helianthus annims: Piatt, Aug. 10. 100(i;

Lake, Aug. 22, 1206, L, XL; Kane, Aug. 80, 1366, I.. IT.; Cook,

Sept. 8, 1468, L, IL: Rock Island, Sept. 27, 1601. H. rigidas:

McLean, July 26, 2297, Oct. 11, 1881; Piatt, Aug. 10,1004;

LaSalle. Sept. 12, 1491, Sept. 14, 1539, Sept. 16, 1557, Sept. 20,

1598. H. iinjJlis: Marion, Oct. 20, 1902. H. decapetalus: Mc-
Lean, Aug. 4, 2299, Oct. 6. 1799. HeJianthus s/ts.: Adams,

June 80, 5861, II.; McLean. July 15, 2801, July 29, 2300, IL,

TIL, Oct. 6, 1798, Oct. 7, 1822, 'Oct. 11, 1887, Oct. 18, 1871;

Cham])aign, Aug. 13, 1038; Piatt, Aug. 17, 1129; McHenry,

Sept. 20, 1160: Kane, Aug. 80, 1365; Cook, Sept. 5, 1437: Lee,

Sept. 11, 5784; LaSalle, Sept. 18, 149(), Sept. 14, 1541, Sept. 17,

1565: Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5835, IL, III., 5844, IL, IIL; Jo-

Daviess, Sept. 15, 5916, IL, IIL; Ogle, Sept. 23, 6146, IIL;

Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1612, IL, IIL, Sept. 26, 1665, Sept. 27,

1675: Henry, Sept. 28, 1723; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1766, Oct. 3, 1738;

Jersey, Oct. 18, 6291; Union, Oct. 21, 1904, Oct. 28, 2097.



186 Illinois State Lahoralonj of Natural llistonj.

Viir. Vernonise.

Amphigenous; spots small, purple, with a })ale yellow bor-

der, or yellow only, sometimes indistinct: sori scattered, sub-

rotund, prominent, blackish brown or black; spores oblong-

elliptical, mostly regularly rounded at the ends, slightly con-

stricted, a central nucleus in each cell, 20 by 42 ^; pedicel

hyaline, about four times as long as the spore. Uredospores

preceding or accompanying the teleutospores, not numerous,

subglobose, sharply echinulate, about 25 ^ in diameter.

On Vernonia fasciculata: Champaign, Aug. 11, 1014;

Piatt, Aug. 16, 1094, Aug. 17, 1098, 1102; McLean, Sept. 6,

56.70, Oct. 12, 1844, 1850; LaSalle, Sept. 14, 1527, Sei)t. ;30,

6254; JoDaviess, Sept. 19, 5996.

Schweinitz (N. Am. Fungi, No. 2926) calls this form P.

Venioni(t\ and describes it as follows:

" Spots none. Differing from P. helianthi in the rather large pulvinate

sori, and the delicate ferruginous color of the spores. It sometimes oc-

curs also on species of Helianthus."

But the gradation of forms between this and the typical

P. helianthi leaves no sufficient ground for specijic distinction.

Further, P. helianthi seems to be P. tanaceti, DC. Winter

(Rabh. Krypt., Fl. I., p. 209) unites the two, while Schroter

(Hedw. XIV., p. 180) maintains that they are distinct, basing

his arguments on distribution. The size, shape, and color of the

spores vary greatly, but are so connected l^y intermediate forms

that no specific distinction can be founded on these character-

istics. Cultures are necessary to determine such distinction if

there is any. In the meantime, so long as we are unal^le to

recognize a difference by appearance, there can be no question

as to which name to choose, even though this carries us against

common usage and our own habit.

P. flosculosorum, (Alb. & Schw.) Roehl.

II., III. Amphigenous. Sori small, scattered or in small

clusters. Uredospores subglobose, sharply echinulate, mostly

rather thick walled, 24-80 ^; teleutospores broadly elliptical or

oval, constriction little or none, rarely thickened at the apex.



Pardslfic Fii))f/i of Illinois. 187

usucilly furnished with punctiform to Wiirt-like projections,

18-25 by 30-45 i^: pedicels hyaline, fragile, not usually longer

than the s])ore.

Uredo JtoHcuhmnnn, Alb. & Schw. Uredo black, sori scattered,

minute, subrotund, pulvinate, powder rather loose, spores unequal,

subcaudate.—Albertini and Schweinitz, Conspect. Fung. p. 128.

On CirsiiiDi discolor: Adams, July (>, 5425, 11. C. Janceo-

Jafitin: LaSalle, June lU, 5237, II., Sept. 29, 6241, II., III.;

Tazewell, July 22, 2410, II., Lee, Sept. 8, 5718, II.; Stephen-

son, Sept. 14, 5890, II.; JoDaviess, Sept. 18, 5986, II., III.;

Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1608, II., III., Sept. 24, 1645, II., III.,

Sept. 26, 1663, II., III., Sept. 27, 1674, II., III.; Ogle, Sept. 23,

6149, II.; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1770, II., III., McLean, Oct. 6, 1794,

II., III., Oct. 12, 1841, TL, IIL, 1843, II., HI., Oct. 13, 1858,

II., ni., Oct. 18, 1890, II., III.: Champaign, Nov. 9, 2389, II.,

III., Nov. 12, 2390. Taraxacum dens-Ieonis : McLean, May
25, 4776, II., May 20, 4828, TL, July 6, 2391, II., July 16, 2392,

II., July 25, 2393, II., Oct. 11, 1835, II.; Champaign, June 8,

4902,11., Nov. 7,2277, IT., UL: LaSalle, June 19, 5229, II.,

Sept. 14, 1540; Adams, July 7, 5447,11., July 11. 5501, IT.;

McHenry, Aug. 22, 1218, IL; Boone, Sept. 2, 1419, IL; Ste-

jdienson, Sept. 13, 5828, IT.: Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1613, IL,

Se])t. 24, 1653, IT. Hieracium Canadense: McHenry, Aug. 20,

1197; Boone, Sept. 2, 1426; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5833, IL,

TIL; Ogle. Sept. 23, 6130, IL, ITL; LaSalle, Sept. 30, 6)256, 1 1.,

TIL

Under this species are included the ff)rnis that have been

known on Cirsium as P. eirsii, Lasch., and P. conipositaniiH,

Schl., on Tara.racioii as P. variahilis. Grev.. and on Hicraciiiui

as P. hieracii, Mart. The teleutospores of American specimens

are very minutely warty, or apparently smooth, agreeing with

Winter's remarks on this species in Hedwigia, XTX., p. 20.

Nearly or quite all the specimens on Cirsium (except No. 2410)

present both uredo- and teleutoforms, but on Taraxacum teleu-

tos])ores are found only in s})ecimens collected late in the sea-

son (No. 2277).



188 Illinois State Laboratonj of Natural Histonj.

P. maculosa, Schw.

III. Amphigenous. Sori scattered or regularly collected

in definite circinate clusters, often appearing on both sides of

the leaf over the same area, cinnamon-brown; spores clavate-

oblong, thin walled, fragile, smooth, much constricted, upper

segment widest, apex thickened, rounded or variously pointed,

base narrowed to the pedicel, 15-18 by 30-45 fi; pedicel hya-

line, usually less in length than the spore.

On Cynthia Virginica: Johnson, May 16, -1709.

Schweinitz (Syn. Fungi Am. Bor., p. 295, No. 2922,) refers

this species to P. maculosa^ Strauss; but the latter is P.pre-

nanthis (Schum.), and is very different from the present species.

P. lobelise, Gerard.

III. Mostly hypophyllous. Sori small, scattered or irreg-

ularly and rather loosely clustered, cinnamon-brown; spores

oblong, smooth, thin walled, very deeply constricted, fragile,

segments equal, or the lower narrower, 15-18 by 30-39 ^n; ped-

icel very fragile, shorter than the spore.

Sori minute, scattered or confluent, tawny brown ; spores oblong-

elliptical, slightly constricted at the septum and easily separating into

two parts, pale, .0013-.0016 in. long
;
pedicel short or obsolete.—Peck,

XXVI. Kep. N. Y. Mus., p. 77.

On Lobelia syphilitica: Adams, July 7, 5444; McLean,

Aug. 6, 2303, Sept. 6, 5669; LaSalle, Sept. 13, 1517, Sept. 17,

1566; JoDaviess, Sept. 20,6026. L. jiuherida : Johnson, May
13, 4710; Union, Aug. 18.

This is P. microspenna, B. & C. in Grrevillea III., p. 55.

The sori are usually more densely aggregated on L. puherula,

but there is no other difference.

P. seymerise, Burrill.

III. Hypophyllous, and on stems and calyces. Spots

definite, dark-colored; sori rather large, mostly crowded in con-

spicuous circular clusters a fifth of an inch in diameter, these

sometimes confluent, dark brown; spores elliptical or oval, lit-

tle constricted, obtusely rounded at the ends, smooth, wall firm,

brown, 15-21 by 30-36 /x; pedicel hyaline, broad, persistent,

twice as long as the spore.



Pa)-aslfir Fungi of IJJinois. 189

On Seymeria ynacrophiiUa: McLean, July 2V), 2804, 2805,

Sept. 2; Champaign, July 31; Union^ Aug. IH.

This is perhaps near P. reroniccp (Schum.), from which it

differs in the size of the sori, the shape of the spores, and espe-

cially in the stout persistent pedicels. In the form of P. veron-

ica' with persistent pedicels, the spores are oblong to spindle-

form, as well as furnished with a thickened apex.

P. lateripes, B. & R.

TL. III. Amphigenous. Sori usually small, round or an-

gular, scattered, or sometimes irregularly clustered; uredospores

subglobose. strongly echinulate, 16-21 by 21-24 ju; teleuto-

spores broadly oval, little constricted, ends rounded, segmoits

nearly equal, surface minutely roughened, 20-22 by 25-82 ^;

pedicel hyaline, once to twice the length of the spore, usually

more or less laterally produced.

Spots yellow or quite obsolete; sori scattered; spores short, obtuse

at either end, almost horizontal, with a long, lateral, tlexuous stem.

—

Berkeley, Grevillea III., p. 52.

On Buellia ciliosa: Lee, Sept. 9, 5762; Rock Island, Sept.

2<). l()r>2: Ogle, Sept. 26, 6183; Jersey, Oct. 12, 6269: Union,

Oct. 22, 1958, II.. III. P. strepens: LaSalle, Sept. 14, 1529;

Jersey. Oct. 13, 6292, Oct. 14, 6310; Union. Oct. 81, 2150, II.,

III.; Champaign. Oct. 31, 6878.

This occurs on both sides of the leaf and also on the stem.

LTredospores occur sparingly among the teleutospores. Those

on P. ciliosa are globose, slightly echinulate, 22 .a in diameter;

and the teleutospores 21-22 by 80-32 .n. The pedicels attain a

length of 35 ,u, but are easily broken. The uredospores on P.

strepnis are subglobose, 16-18 by 21 ^: the teleutospores are

smaller, darker colored and firmer, and the pedicel longer and

less easily broken, size 19-21 by 25-28 ,w; and the pedicels reach

a length of 75 u..

P. menthae, Pers.

I. Jj]cidia irregularly clustered upon dark-colored more
or less swollen spots on the leaves and stems, round, or o\\ the



190 Illinois State Lahnratorii of Nrttvral Histoi-ij.

latter usually much elongated and often confluent, erect, short,

irregularly split, not recurved; spores elliptical or ovate-oblong,

minutely echinulate^ 15-18 by 22-28 (U..

II., III. Hypogenous. Spots yellow or brown, often con-

spicuous, frequently confluent; sori scattered, round, rather

large, uredosori yellowish brown, flat, teleutosori blackish,

prominent; uredospores subglobose or ovate, minutely echinu-

late, thin walled, about 18-21 by 21-24 ^; teleutospores short,

broadly ovate or broadly oval, somewhat constricted, ends

rounded, furnished with a short, obtuse, almost hyaline, apic-

ulus, surface beset with minute warts, 21-27 ^; pedicel hyaline,

once to twice length of spore.

Scattered, punctiform, obscurely spadiceous, spores subquadrangu-

lar; pedicel very short—Persoon Syn. Fung., p. 227.

On leaves of Mentha Canadensis : Ogle, Sept. 25, G169, II.,

III. Mentha sps : Lee, Sept. 27, 6206, II., III. Cimila Mari-

ana: Johnson, May 11, 4620, I., II., May 12, 4652, II., May 15,

4690, I., II., III., May 16, 4707, II., 4711, II.. III., Jersey, Oct.

12, 6268, II., III., Oct. 18, 6298, II.. III.; Union, Oct. 25, 2009,

II., III. Pycnanthemum piJosum: Adams, July 6, 5486, II.,

July 7, 5446, II. P. Janceolatum: McHenry. Aug. 20, 1163,

II., III.; Stephenson. Sept. 13, 5887, II., III.; JoDaviess, Sept.

15, 5918, II., III. P. linifolium: Jersey, Oct. 12, 6267, II.,

III. Monardafistidosa: Johnson, May 12, 4658, IL, May 15,

4691, II.; Adams, June 28, 5322, IF., June 30, 5869, II., III.,

July 5, 5419, II., III.; McLean, July 11,2894, IL, July 15,

2395, II., July 16, 289f), IL, July 17, 5578, II., III.; McHenrj,
Aug; 20, 1180, IL. III., Aug. 24, 1285, IL, III.; Lake, Aug. 27,

1357, IL, III., Aug. 29, 1867, IL, III.; Lee, Sept. 8, 5722, IL,

III.; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5799, IL, III.; Rock Island, Sept. 21,

1610, IL, III., Sept. 26, 1664, IL, III., Sept. 27, 1672; Fulton,

Oct. 1, 1769, IL, III.; Jersey, Oct. 12, 6265, IL, III.; Cham-
paign, Nov. 7, 2276. M. Bradhuriana: Johnson, May 11,

4619, II. ; Jersey, Oct. 18, 6294, IL, III. M. punctata: Cook,

Sept. 8, IL, III., coll. J. C. Arthur; Lee, Sept. 11, 5782, II.

BlephiUa hirsiita: Pulaski, May 2, 4448, IL, May 5, 4494, IL,

Johnson, May 11, 4618, II. ; Adams, June 28, 5828, II. ; Mc-



Pcorisific Finif/I of IJ//nois. 191

Lean, July 20, 2494, IF., 5604, II., Aug. 1, 2493, II., Aug. 0,

2495, 11.. Oct. 18, 187(). II., Oct. 19, 1895, II., Stephenson, Sept.

21, r)0()5, II., HI.

The iecidium form is not usually present, but occurs on

the same host with IT. and III,, both of which are abundant.

The American form differs from the European in having

the teleutospores echinulate, and has been called var. Anicri-

cana. On BJephilia hlrsufa the parasite is plainly different

from the type. The sori more frequently have a circular ar-

rangement around one evidently older, the epidermis is later

rupturing, and afterwards is less apparent as a border; the

spores are much lighter colored, and the epispore is thinner.

This is the uredoform. The teleutospores seem to be rarely

developed.

P. glechomatis, DC.

III. Hypogenous; spots small, distinct, at first light yel-

low, soon becoming blackish and breaking out, leaving more or

less circular holes; sori usually closely clustered, often some-

what circinating, rarely scattered, ferruginous brown; spores

subelliptical, very variable, sometimes obtusely rounded, but

often conspicuously pointed above or below, oblong-elliptical,

light-colored, 18 by 31 ^; pedicel hyaline, fragile, nearly as

long as the spore.

P. hyssopi, Schw. Spots lutescent, effuse ; sori aggregated, compact,

tawny, somewhat circinate and undulately confluent, at first b]acl<;ish,

small, but occurring copiously on the leaves. Spores tawny, becoming
loose.—Schweinitz, N. Am. Fungi, No. 2944, p. 2U6.

On leaves of LophanfliHs nepetoidfs : Kane. Aug. 30, 1370,

1383; Lee, Sept. 8, 5721; Stephenscm, Sept. 13, 5829.

This is P. (jlcchoimr, DC. (Fl. Fr., VI. p. 55), and P. hys-

sopi, Schw.

P. plumbaria, Peck.

III. Am])higenous. Sori scattered on stems and leaves,

small or large, sometimes confluent, covered until late with the

more or less fissured and peculiar lead-colored epidermis, when
naked dark reddish brown, jiowdery; s])ores irregular, Iji'oad,



192 Illinois State Lahoratonj of Natural History.

mostly broadly ovate, oborate or elliptical^ little constricted,

apex usually slightly thickened or apiculate, smooth or minute-

ly roughened, 21-25 by 32-r)() /*, commonly about 39
f*.
long;

pedicel hyaline, rather fragile, from less than one to one and a

half times the length of the spore, sometimes more or less lat-

eral.

Spots brown and indefinite, sometimes none; sori mostly hj'po-

phyllous, sometimes amphigenous, orbicular, oblong or irregular, scat-

tered or crowded, sometimes confluent, prominent, at first covered by
the epidermis and then of a peculiar lead-color, blackish when exposed

;

spores obovate or elliptical, obtuse, slightly constricted at the septum,

minutely rough, .0012-.0016 of an inch long, .0008-.001 of an inch broad,

the pedicel very short, colorless.—Peck, Bot. Gaz., Vol, VI., p. 228.

On Phlox divaricata: Adams, June 30, 5358.

The description by Peck is from specimens collected in

Utah. During the same year, but believed to be later, DeThii-

men sent out Century XXI of his Mycotheca Universalis, con-

taining, wdth No. 32, a description, with specimens from Idaho,

on Gilia, under the name of P. Wilcoxiana. By comparison

of authentic specimens these prove to be specifically indistin-

guishable, as well as those of Ellis' North American Fungi,

No. 1044— however, the latter bears the varietal name of

pJilogina. This last has a different nuclear spot in each seg-

ment, and the epispore is more distinctly roughened. The Illi-

nois specimens on Fldox are very nearly smooth, and do not

have this round segmental spot, hence are more like the typi-

cal specimens of Peck in these respects. They are somewhat

more irregular in shape than any of the others, and the pedicel

more often obliquely produced.

P. convolvuli, Cast.

I. Hypogenous. Spots small, distinct, or sparingly con-

fluent, brown; tecidia irregularly clustered or sometimes subcir-

cinate, short, small, pseudoperidium fragile, becoming powdery

soon after opening, spores subglobose or elliptical, epispore thin,

tuberculate, 16-18 by 18-25 {*', spermagonia few, central, above.

{ yfJcidium cahjstegim. Desm., .Ij. diibinm, Clint.)

II., III. Amphigenous, more common beneath; sori

rounded or angular, long covered by the epidermis; uredosori



Pdfdsific FiiiKji of UVmois. 198

light brown, naked teleutosori black; uredospores .sul)iJ^lobose,

finely echinulate, 18-21 by 21-80 ^; teleutospores clavate-obo-

vate, constricted, obtusely rounded above, but sometimes hav-

ing a thickened and angular apex, narrowed below to the thick

pedicel, smooth, 22-27 by 42-54 ^: pedicel stout, c(dored.

shorter than spore.

On leaves of Caliisfegia sep'uini: Champaign, June 8, 4914,

L, Aug. 11. 1013, 11., III.; LaSalle, June 21, 5254, 1., IL, Sept.

12, 1486, II., III., Sept. 16, 1556, II., Sept. 17, 1564; Fulton, I.,

coll. J. Wolf; McLean, July (), 2452, II., July 7, 2398, II., July

12, 2400, II., July 15, 5561, II., III., July 20. 2397, II., July

25, 2399, II., 2401, IL, Aug. 1, 2408. II., Oct. 6, 1795, II., III.;

Piatt, Aug. 17, 1101, II.; McHenry, Aug. 28, 1248, II.; Lake,

Aug. 29, 1362, II.; Kane, Aug. 30, 1372; Boone, Sept. 2, 1424;

Lee, Sept. 8, 5717, II., III., Sept. 9, 5764, IL, III.; JoDaviess,

Sept. 18, 5984, IL, III.; Ogle, Sept. 22, 6110, IL, IJL; Rock
Island, Sept. 24, 1652, IL, III., Sept. 27, 1677.

While covered by the epidermis the sori have a livid hue,

and this condition usually lasts some time.

P. gentianae, (Strauss) Lk.

II. , III. Epiphyllous or amphigenous. Spots none: sori

scattered, often rather large, long or even persistently covered

by the epidermis; uredospores subglobose or oval, sharply echin-

ulate, thick walled, rather dark brown, 18-24 by 21-27 ^; te-

leutospores very broadly oval, sometimes almost subglobose,

little constricted, apex slightly thickened or somewhat apicu-

late, each segment often showing a small nuclear spot, smooth,

21-30 by 30-87 fi; pedicel hyaline, fragile, usually crooked,

about twice the length of the spore.

On Gentiana pnJ)eriila: Lee, Se})t. 11, 5786, IL, ILL; Sept.

27, 6202, IL, III.

The teleutospores are quite often single celled.

P. polygoni-amphibii, Pers.

n.. III. Amphigenous. Sori small, round or angular, in

a circle about a larger sorus, or irregularly collected in small

clusters, long covered by the epidermis, often very numerous;



194 IJlinois Siafe Lahorntonj of Natural History.

uredospores subglobose or oval, sharply ecliinulate, 18-22 by

21-27 /It; teleutospores clavate or elavate-obovate, constricted,

apex more or less strongly thickened, truncate, obtuse or vari-

ously pointed, narrowed below to the rather thick pedicel,

smooth, wall rather thin, 12-21 by 33-54 fx; pedicel somewhat

colored, short, half the length of the spore.

Opaque, spadiceous, depressed, spores oblong-ovate, narrowed into

a slender pedicel.—Persoon, Syn. Fung., p. 227.

On leaves of Polygonum amphihliim: Champaign, July 24;

McHenry, Aug. 25, 1291, II., III., Aug. 26, 1314, IL, 1331,

2404, II., III.; Lake, Aug. 27, 1344, II., III., 1347, IL; Kane,

Aug. 30, 1371: Cook, Sept. 5, 1439; Lee, Sept. 9,5758, IL, III.;

Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5800, II. . IIL, Sept. 21, (3062, IL, III.,

6063, IL, IIL; LaSalle, Sept. 16, 1560, Sept. 19, 1593, Sept. 28,

6224, IL, IIL; JoDaviess, Sept. 20, 6013, IL, IIL, 6014, IL,

ILL; Ogle, Sept. 22, 6111, IL, IIL; Henry, Sept. 28, 1703, IL,

IIL; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1788. P. Viry'nuaniiin : Rock Island,

Sept. 26; Adams, July 14, coll. C. A. Hart.

The pedicels of the uredospores are long, and appear in the

sori of both states like paraphyses, but the teleutosorus not fol-

lowing in a uredo sorus has none of them.

There is some question about the identity of the Piiccinia

on Polygonum Mrginianuiu. The sori are similar, but the te-

leutospores are more irregular in shape, the apex more com-

monly truncate, the epispore thinner, and the cell contents of

different appearance. But there does not seem to be sufficient

reason to separate this as a species or even named variety,

Uredoforms have been collected on Polygonum acre and P.

Pemisylvanicuni, without, however, the teleutoform. On the

former host the appearance is much like those described, but

on the latter the pedicels of the spores are stronger and more

persistent.

P. aletridis, B. & C.

IL, III. Amphigenous. Sori rather small, scattered, often

very numerous; uredosori somewhat prominent, powdery, cin-

namon-brown, teleutosori little raised, long covered by the epi-

dermis, blackish; uredospores subglobose or oval, sharply ecliin-

ulate, wall thick, 18-24 by 21-27 /*; teleutospores clavate, ob-



I

I'ardsif/c Fiouji of Illinois. 11)5

l()ii<>^ or elli))ticcil. iil)ruptly and ratlier deeply constricted, upex

thickened and mostly narrowed to a rounded i)oint, lower seg-

ment usofiilly lonp^er and narrowed to the pedicel, surface

smooth, 12-21 1)y 80-e")() ^t^; pedicel hyaline, usually less than

the len<4'th of the spore, hut sometimes longer.

On Aletris farinos<( : Millers, Indiana, near the Illinois

line, July 4, 5502, II., E. J. Hill. It prohahly occurs in Illi-

nois.

P. smilacis, 8chw.

II., Til. Hypogenous. S])ots small, numerous. l)rick-red;

sori scattered or irregularly circinate, punctiform or elonga-

ted, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, and by a row of short

club-shaped ])araph3^ses. II. Spores oval, slightly echinulate,

pale, 21-27 ^, on fragile pedicels. Til. Spores broadly elli])ti-

cal, conspicuously constricted, upper segment considerably

rounded or ol)tusely pointed, often narrowing l)elow to the

})edicel, dark colored, smooth, 21 by 30-42 m; })edicel thick,

tinted, as long as the lower segment.

On leaves of Smilax liispida: Union, Oct. 24, 10f)8, II.,

IJL, Oct. 20, 2120, II., Nov. 4, 2275, IT., TIL: Pulaski, Nov. 4,

2238, IT., III.

P. caricis, (Schum.) Rebent.

II., III. Hypogenous. Sori more or less elongated, vari-

able, scattered, often very numerous and conspicuous, the rup-

tured epidermis ragged and long adherent, uredosori cijinanujn-

brown, teleutosori black; uredospores gloliose, sul)globose, or

sometimes ehmgated, conspicuously but not sharply echinulate.

18-24 by 21-27 a*; teleutospores cuneafre, little constricted,

much thickened and obtusely rounded or almost truncate above,

and narrowed to the pedicel, smooth, 15-20 by 33-45; pedicel

hyaline or nearly so, one half to once the length of the s])ore.

On Carex sps.: Union, April 17, 4141, II.; Pulaski, May
1, 4405, IT., 4406, IT., May 2, 4447, IT., May 5, 4511, IT.;

Champaign, June 10, 40()0, 11.: Adams, June 27, 5311, II.,

duly 11, 5504, IT.; McLean, July 15, 2327, IL, July 20, 5()03,

II., TIL, Aug. 1, 2325, Aug. 4, 232(3, Aug. (3, 2413, Sept. 0, 5(367,



11)(^ IJlhtois State Lahoratory of Natural llistorij.

ir., Iir., Oct. 11), 181)B, TL, III.; McHenry, Aiij?. 20, 1158, Aug.

28, 1252, Aug. 2(), 1827, 1828; Kaue, Aug. 80, 1869, TL, III.;

JoDaviess, Sept. 15, 5921, XL, III., Sept. US, 5956, TL, ITL:

Ogle, Sept. 22, (ill5, TL, TIL; Rock Lsland, Sept. 24, 1646,

Sept. 27, 1676, 1680; Fulton, Oct. 8, 1733. DuUchium spatha-

ceum: McHenry, Aug. 25, 1811; Cook, Sept. 5, 1438, Sept. 8,

1467, TL, TIL
~

Uredo Caricis, Schura. (Enuui. Plant. Saell. TL [1803],

p. 231), Pxccinia caricis, Rebent. Fl. Neora. [1804], P. cari-

rlna, DC. (Fl. Franc. VL [1815], p. 60). •

On iJuHchiiiiii sjxitJ/acnnn the uredos})ores are smaller and

often elliptical to oblong, 12-15 by 15-21
i^-; the teleiitospores

are variable, more often truncate.

P. obtecta, Peck.

IT., ITT. Amphigenous. Sori .scattered or irregularly clus-

tered, often crowded, oblong or more or less circular, long cov-

ered by the epidermis, which at length becomes simply cracked

or raggedl}^ torn: uredospores elliptical or obovate-oblong, wall

rather thick, minutely echinulate, pedicel rather persistent,

15-20 by 21-80 ^; teleutospores elliptical, somewhat constrict-

ed, apex thickened, obtusely rounded or variously produced and

pointed, usually narrowed below, often without septum, smooth,

18-20 by 45-()0
i^^: pedicel short, not usually more than half

the length of the spore, deeply tinted.

On Scii-2)us vaUdits: McLean, July; Fulton, coll. J. Wolf.

P. angustata, Peck.

IT., TIL Hypogenous. Sori oblong or linear, often arranged

in long parallel rows or confluent in long lines, blackish, the

remains of the ruptured epidermis persistent; uredospores sub-

globose to elliptical, thin walled, sharply echinulate, 16-21 by

21-30 n: teleutospores narrow, clavate or elongate-parallel,

somewhat constricted, apex much thickened, often beak-like,

narrowed below to and with the pedicel, 15-21 by 45-60 jit;

pedicel colored, less than one half to once the length of the

spore.



Farasifir Fungi of Flinois. 197

Hypogenous ; spots pallid or none ; sori oblong or linear, sometimes

regularly arranged at equal intervals in long parallel lines, narrow, sur-

rounded by the ruptured epidermis, black ; spores narrow, oblong-cla-

vate or elongated, septate above the middle, strongly constricted, having

the lower cell more narrow than the upper, and cylindrical or slightly

tapering downwards, .0018 .0024 in. long, '0006 in. broad ; peduncle

colored, thick, very short.—Peck, XXV. Rep. N. Y. Mus., p. 12:5.

On leaves of Scirpus afror'nrns: Piatt, Aug. l(i, 109:5;

Cook, Sept. o. 1451.

P. windsorisB, Schw.

II., III. Hypogenous, occasionally somewhat ampliige-

nous. Sori small,, little elevated, irregularly scattered, very

numerous, sparingly confluent, linear or oblong, soon naked,

the ruptured epidermis scarcely evident; uredospores subglo-

bose or obovate, epispore medium thick, sharply echinulate,

rather deep brown, 18-24 ^: teleutospores broadly elliptical or

obovate, slightly or not at all constricted at the septum, mostly

obtusely rounded at the ends, upper segment mostly larger,

vertex slightly thickened, smooth, 18-21 by 'll-'iW) ,u; pedicel

about the length of the spore or shorter, stout, rather dee])lv

colored.

On Mnhh')ihn-(/i(i: Stephenson, Sept. 18, 5884, II., III.

P. graminis, Pers.

I. Hypogenous. Spots definite, usually small, purple,

somewhat thickened: tecidia irregularly crowded, or sometimes

circinate, short, border narrow, numerously lacerated, little re-

curved: spores subglobose or angular, epispore thin, minutely

tuberculate. contents hne-granular. 11-15^; spermagonia mi-

nute, clustered, not usually numerous, opposite the iecidia.

II. Amphigenous. Sori linear, on the leaves short and

scattered, on the leaf-sheaths often confluent in long lines,

orange-yellow; spores narrowly obovate or elliptical, epispore

thick, strongly echinulate, 18-21 by 27-86 ^.

III. Sori linear to elliptical, often confluent in long lines,

mostly on the leaf-sheaths, rather prominent, soon naked, black;

spores clavate or narrowly elliptical, mostly somewhat con-

stricted, vertex strongly thickened, often pointed imt some-



198 Illinois State Latjoratory of Natural Jlistorij.

times rounded, narrowed below to the pedicel, smooth, chest-

nut-l)rown, 15-21 by 8()-(3() ^; pedicel firm, colored, about the

length of the spore, sometimes shorter.

Sori, dense, linear, bluckisb, spores subturbinate, constricted in tbe

middle.—Persoon, Syn. Fung., p. 228.

On culms, sheaths and leaves of cereals and grasses. On
irhmt: McLean, July 11, 2385 and 2343, July 12, 2341, July

15, 233<); Tazewell, July 22, 2340; Piatt, Aug. 17, 1134; Mc-

Henry, Aug. 20, 1145, Aug. 22, 1224; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1773.

Oats: McLean, July 11, 2334, July 12, 2332 and 2333; Taze-

well, July 22, 2329, 2330 and 2331; Champaign, Aug. 13, 1029

and 1033; Piatt, Aug. 15,1063; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1144, Aug.

26, 1323; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1774. Agrostis vulgaris: McHenry,

Aug. 24, 1275, Aug. 26, 1324; LaSalle, Sept.' 13, 1521; JoDa-

viess. Sept. 18, 5987; Rock Lsland, Sept. 27, 1673; Fulton, Oct.

3,1732; McLean, Oct. 4, 1760; Union, Oct. 21,1905. Hor-

deum jiihatuDi: McLean, July 11, 2346, July 17, 5580, IL, IIL;

July 19, 5593, II., III.; McHenry, Aug. 23, 1231, Aug. 25,

1307, Aug. 26, 1316, Aug. 31, 1392; Rock Island, Sept. 26, 1661.

As here identified a variable species, though some forms

often formerly included are specifically separated under the

names P. einaciilata, P. in'ndsorke, and P. andropogi. The

description is made from specimens on wheat. On Agrostis

the teleutospores are sometimes nearly typical (No. 1732), in

other cases they vary much in shape and thickness ofthe epis-

pore— shorter, rounder and thinner for the most part on Nos.

1275, 1603, and especially 1905. The uredo is very character-

istic in all.

P. phragmites,"(Schum.) Kornicke.

II., III. Ami)higenous. Sori scattered, very prominent,

mostly rather large, elliptical, somewhat powdery, soon naked,

the remains of the ruptured epidermis not usually visible; ure-

dospores elliptical, epispore very thick, strong!}^ tuberculate,

without paraphyses, 18-21 by 27-32 ^: teleutospores elliptical

or oblong, somewhat but not abruptly constricted, vertex a lit-

tle thickened and rounded or obtusely pointed, smooth, pale

brown, 18-22 by 37-60 ;«; pedicel very long, three to four times



}\n-(/sific FitiH/i 0/ Illinois. \%)

the leiiii'th of the spore, rather slender hut firm, slightly tinted.

On Spurt ilia ci/nosifnndes: McLean. July 20. 2848. Oct. 11.

1829; Lake, Aug. 27, 1846; Fulton, Oct. 1. 1771. Phragmifes

roiiniiiiiiis: McHenry, Aug. 26, 1825: Kane, Aug. 80, 1868.

An(h-oj)0(jon fiircdfiis: R(>ck Island, Sept. 24. 1648. A. seopa-

riiis: JoDaviess, Sept. 15, 5^)20.

This species was first described as Uredo Phragiiiitis by

Schumacher (Enum. Plant. Saell. TL [1808] p. 231), and liis

description shows that his Teredo was that of this species, if,

indeed, he had not the teleutoform. Hedwig next described it

as Pi(ccinia arirndiiidced, which description was published bv

DeCandolle, together with one of his own, in Lam. Encyc. bot.

(1806) p. 250; it is thus explained why DC. is sometimes writ-

ten as authority for this name instead of Hedw. Schwein-

itz (Syn. Fung. Car. [1822] No. 487) published it under the

name of Piiccinia annidiiiaria'.

The Illinois specimens on PJiraymites roiinuiinis have te-

leutospores narrower and more constricted, so that the segments

are each nearly elliptical, while the European specimens on

same host (Rabh. Herb. Mycol. 282) are much like the Illinois

specimens on Spartina ri/nosiiroides and on Andropoijoii. But

the spores on one Sjxfrtiiid plant closely resembles the Illinois

pJirdf/iuitf's form.

P. rubigo-vera, (DC.) Winter.

II., III. Amphigenous. Uredosori mostly hypogenous,

linear or oblong, irregularly scattered, seldom confluent, some-

what elevated, soon open; teleutosori linear or oblong, scattered

or variously confluent, long covered by the unbroken epidermis,

black, surrounded by a dense row of dark-brown paraphyses:

uredospores subglobose, e])ispore rather thin, minutely echinu-

late. 21-25 i^: teleutospores cuneiform, oblong or elliptical,

constricted or not at the septum, but usually tapering below.

vertex thickened, truncate, obtusely rounded or sometimes more
or less pointed, epispore thin, smooth, cell contents granular,

12-18 by 27-54 /*; pedicel short, rarely half the length of the

spore, deeply tinted.

On irJietit: Adams, June 26, 5294. June 29, 5844, July 6.

5426, II., III.; McLean, July 11, 2848, July 17, 5588, II., III.;

15



200 Illinois State L((horatoi-y of Natio-al llistonj.

McHenry. Auo. 22, 1224. Oats:^ Bye: LaSalle. June 19.

5225,11., III. Elymns Virginicns: Champaign, Aug. 11. 1022;

McHenry, Aug. 24, 1276; Ogle, Sept. 25, 6155, II., III.

This name is founded upon the recognition of the uredo-

form as Ui-eclo nibigo-vera, DC. (Fh^re Franc. VI. [1815] p. 88),

which to say the least is doubtful. The same name has been

used for the uredoform of Piicrinia coro)i(ita, and of Puccinia

graminis, found on the same host species, and doubtless equally

included by DeCandoUe in his supposed species. Winter

(Die Pilze, p. 217) probably had good reasons for accepting

the name as here given, but should, for any reason, botanists

decline to follow him in this, then Puccinia striceformis, Westd.

(Bull, de I'Acad. Belg. [1853] XXI.), rather than Py^m:^^

straminis, Fuckel (Enumer. Fung, in Jahr. Ver. f. Natur v.

Nassau [1861, etc.]), should be adopted, though the latter rec-

ognizes DeCandolle's Uredo ruhigo-vera as the early stage of

the teleutoform named by him. Certain it is that P. coronata

and P. rnhigo-vera are very closely allied.

P. coronata, Corda.

II., III. Amphigenous. Uredospores subglobose, echinu-

late, 18-21 by 21-24 /t; teleutosori small, oblong or linear,

slightly raised, surrounded by a dense row of paraphyses, long-

covered b}^ the epidermis; teleutospores cuneate^ scarcely con-

stricted at the septum, more or less truncate above, crowned

with one to several conspicuous, obtuse, horn-like projections,

epispore thin, smooth, cell contents granular, 15-18 by 45-55 a^;

pedicel short, less than half the length of the spore, rather

fragile.

Sori linear, short, minute, obscurely fuscous, covered by the palles-

cent epidermis ; spores subsessile, subclavate, crowned at the apex with

acute, steUate, radiate, flame-yellow teeth, yellow below. Length of

spore .00175 in.—Corda, Icon. I, p. 6.

On leaves and sheaths of oafs: Adams, June 30, 5360, II.,

III., July 10, 5456, II., III., July 11, 5502, II., III.; McLean,
July 11, 2334, Sept. 6, 5665, II., III.; Tazewell, July 22, 2830

and 2331; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1144. Wheat: Fulton, Oct. 1,

1767, II., III.



Pantsific Fungi of Illinois. 201

This species is certainly closely related to Fiiccinia ruhi.ijo-

vera. Indeed, it is scarcely possible to separate them, except

by the terminal projections of the teleutospores in P. coyonafd.

and these are present in varying degrees, sometimes (as in No.

28H4 ) nearly wanting.

P. eraaculata, Schw.

II., III. Mostly epigenous. sometimes amphigenons. Sori

small, rather prominent, mostly very numerous, irregularly scat-

tered or crowded, rarely confluent on the leaves, but on the

sheaths forming loug, irregular lines, black, rather early eruni-

])ent but long surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; uredo-

s{)ores subglobose, epispore rather thin, sharply but minutely

echinulate. 15-24 /a; teleutospores elliptical or broadly clavate,

slightly constricted, vertex strongly thickened and obtusely

pointed or rounded, mirrowed below, smooth, not dee]dy col-

ored, 15-21 by 8()-4<S ^: ]»edicel once to once and a half as long-

as the s|)ore^ tinted.

Entirely without spots ; iit first sori entirely covered or sparingly

erumpent, then often confluent, minute, abbreviated, narrow, parallel,

often acuminate at both ends. Spores black, rather small, when im-

mersed in water fuscescent. Everywhere on species of Panicum, espe-

cially P. pubrxccnx in fields.—Schweinitz, N. Am. Fung., No. 2912, p. 295.

On Tricuspis seslerioides : Union, Nov. 4, 2274. Erar/j-osfis

pectinacea: Union, Oct. 21, 1903. Panicum capillan': LaSalle,

Hept. 14, 1537, 11., Sept. 29, 6238; Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1609,

Sept. 23, 1628, Sept. 26, 1661, Sept. 27, 1679; JoDaviess, Sept.

19, 5993; Stephenson, Sept. 21, 6059; Ogle, Sept. 23, 6142, II.,

III.; Fulton, Oct. 1, 17()8. P. rirrjatum: Lee, Sept. 9, 5760;

Ogle, Sept. 22, 6109; Rock Island, Sept. 27, 1695.

On Panicum vir</afinn the teleutospores have in each seg-

ment a small circular nuclear spot, and the pedicels are nearly

colorless. On Tricaspis seslerioujes C^o. 2214:) and Eragrostis

prcfinacea (No. 1903) the sori are mostly hypophyllous, and the

teleutospores are often lighter colored, with hyaline pedicels.



202 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

P. flaccida, B. & Br.

11., 111. Amphigenous. Sori small, oblong to linear,

often confluent, at length rupturing the epidermis, reddish-fer-

ruginous. Uredospores vary from elliptical to subglobose, the

latter about 25 /it, furnished with two or more hyaline points

(germinal pores?), sharply echinulate, cinnamon-colored. Te-

leutospores exceedingly variable, often undivided, the septum,

when present, transverse, oblique or longitudinal, equally, or in

every degree unequally, dividing the spore. The simple ones

are usually clavate, the divided ones vary from clavate to sphe-

roidal, regularly formed or much constricted, and lobed with

one or two thickened apical points, length about 80-40fi. light-

er colored than the uredo; pedicel hyaline, once or twice the

length of the spore.

Sori small, short ; spores flaccid, with a long hyaline ])edicel, ob-

tuse, contracted in the middle.—Berkeley, Jour. Linn. Soc, Vol. XIV.,

p. 91.

On Panicum criis-ya/Ji: Henry and Rock Island, Sept. 28.

1701, II., III., 1716. IT., III.; Champaign, Oct. 19, 6329, II.,

III., Oct. 24, 6334, II., III.

A most peculiar species. From two thirds to three fourths

or more of the teleutosjDores are septate, presenting the most

varying and aberrant forms. So far as we are informed this

has not been previously found in America, but a comparison

with specimens kindly furnished by Dr. M. 0. Cooke, of Puc-

cinia flaccida, B. & Br., from Ceylon, leaves no doubt of the

specific identity. The American specimens only differ in pos-

sessing more undivided, and upon the average, narrower teleu-

tospores, with somewhat thicker pedicels.

P. andropogi, Schw.

II., III. Hypophyllous. Sori rather small, usually very

numerous, elliptical, sometimes confluent in small, elongated

groups, soon naked, surrounded by the lacerated remains of the

epidermis; uredospores subglobose, epispore rather thick, tuber-

culate, 21-3(V; teleutospores mostly obovate, but varying to

elliptical and clavate, slightly constricted at the septum, usually

thickened at the vertex, obtusely rounded or sometimes short-



Pdnif^ific Finii/i of Il/iiiois. 20R

pointed, smooth, dark-brown, 15-22 by 80-45 ^: pedicel usually

about the length of the spore, sometimes longer, more or less

tinted.

Spots obliterated, sori densely aggregated, elevated, fuscous, obtuse,

linear, abbreviated. Spores fuscous. Although not confluent, \'et oc-

cupying almost the entire leaf. Very frequent in autumn in leaves,

i-ulms and sheaths of variou.s s^^ecies of Audropofjon.—Schweinitz, N.

Am. Fung., Xo. 2911, p. 295.

On AndrojMf/on fiircdfiis : Boone. Sept. 2. 1428: Ogle, Sept.

2n. f)lS4, IT.. III.: Rock Island. Sept. 27, HM8. A. sropariifs:

Ogle, Sept. 25. ()172. IT.. TIT.. Sept. 2(1 6200. IT.. ITT.: Union.

Oct. 22. VMl
In Thiimen's Mycotheca Universalis. No. 183(5. the speci-

mens named Piirciii/a EUis'uaia, Thiim.. wliich Farlow identi-

ties (Proceed. Am. Acad. Arts & Sc, July, 1888, p. SI) as P.

i/iii/)-oj)0(/i. Schw.. the teleutospores are often more narrow and

])ointed. are lighter in color, and the pedicels are longer than in

the Illinois specimens.

Tn the specimens examined the uredospores vary consider-

ably, even on the same leaf, as well as u])on different hosts.

P. maydis, Carradori.

IT.. TIL Amphigenous. Sori subcircular to oblong, irreg-

ularly scattered, often confluent, rather tardily rupturing the

epidermis, whose upturned edges persistently remain: uredo-

spores subglobose. epispore rather thick, echinnlate, 25-80 fi-.

Teleutospores broadly elliptical, considerably constricted at the

septum, ends mostly obtusely rounded, but sometimes thick-

ened at the a{)ex and variously pointed, smooth. 15-22 by 80-45

fi: pedicel slightly colored, once to twice the length of the spore.

P. sorghi, Schw. Spots none ; sori broad, of diflferent forms, vari-

ously lobed, at tirst covered by the epidermis, then denudated but sur-

rounded by the lacerated epidermis, often also internally fissured, 2-4

lines long and broad, ^lanj' of the sori occur on the nerves of the

leaves. Spores black, large
; pedicels short.—Schweinitz, N. Am. Fung.,

No. 2910, p. 295.

On leaves of Zra Maijs: McLean. July 20, 2845. IT.. TIL.

Aug. 4, 2844, II.. TIL, Aug. 19, 5636, II., III., Sept. 6, 5664,

Oct. 11, 1830; Champaign. Aug. 13, 1032, II.; McHenry, Aug.



204 Illinois Sfdto Tjahordtnnj of Natural JJisfo)-)/.

20, 1165, II, III.. Aug. 23, 1289. U.. \U.: Lake, Aug. 27. 1349;

Lee, Sept. 8, 5720. II.. III.: .loDaviess, Sept. 16, 5958, II.. III.;

LaSalle. Sept. 2S. 6216. II.. IIL: Fulton, Oct. 1, 1765.

This is r>trri)ii« Soir/hi, Schw. (N. A. Fungi [18341.

p. 295). The ahoA^e name was published in 1815 (see Rahh.

Krypt. Fl. I. p. 181).

Phragmidium, Link.

Teleutospores divided by two or more horizontal septa,

producing three or more cells in a single vertical row; teleuto-

sori prominent, usually small, tufted, sometimes confluent in

patches: uredospores one-celled, borne (m deciduous pedicels;

secidiospores produced in vertical chains as in the true iEcidia.

but Mdthout pseudoperidinm ; uredosori and gecidiosori sur-

rounded by a thick row of club shaped, or more or less capitate,

incurved paraphyses.

All the sporeforms of the Fhra<jmidia are ordinarily hypo-

phyllous, the ascidium and uredo appearing rather early in

summer, and the teleutoform after the first of July: but the

two latter are very commonl}^ found together during the later

parts of the season. Sometimes the fungi are seated upon the

petioles and stems of the host. All grow upon species of

Bosacea% and so far as discovered, upon plants of the genera

PofcnfiUo, Biihns and Bosa.

The fBcidium has only recently been distinguished from

the uredo. the sori of the two stages being mostly very similar,

and determined by the manner of the production of the spores,

as just indicated. It is somewhat remarkable that in the

recidium stage there is no peridium, hence, according to the

characteristics adopted in this paper, the genus form is Creonia.

not Uredo or yEcidii(in.

Ph. fragarise, (DC.) Rossm.

II., III. Hypogenous. Uredosori small, circular, without

])araphyses, scattered: uredospore elliptical or obovate. echinu-

late. each borne upon a pedicel, 14-16 by 16-21 /t; teleutosori

scattered, rather large, circular, prominent, powdery, chestnut-



P(ir((s/h'c Fionji of ll/hiois. 205

brown, teleutospores usually three, sometimes two. more qiien

four-celled, obloiiii: or broadly clavate. i=!omewhat constricted at

the septum, vertex slightly thickened, obtusely rounded, nar-

rowed toward the base, epispore thin, smooth, 21-27 by 86-90 fi;

|>edicel hyaline, tapering below, from one third to one half

the length of the spore.

On leaves of Potentilia Canadensis: Union, April 16, 5015.

II.. April 26, 4311, II.. April 29, 4890. IT.; Jackson. April 19.

4177. TI.. April 28. 486(>. II.: Pulaski. May 9, 4579. II.: .lohn-

son. May 12, 4651. II.; LaSalle. June 15. 4999. II.. Sept. 28.

6228, III.. Sept. 29. 6282, III.: Adams, .lone 27, 5807, II.. July

8. 5384, II.. July 5, 5407, II., 5417, XL, July 6, 5441. II., July

10, 5461, II.; McLean, July 26, 2415, II.: McHenry, Aug. 25.

1321, II.. III.; Stephenson. Sept. 13, 5816, II.; JoDaviess, Sept.

15. 5896. III.; Ogle. Sept. 26, 6188, II., III.: Fulton. Oct. 3.

1781, II., III.: Jersey, Oct. 12, 6274, III.

This is Ph. triarticiilatum, B. & C; but there is little rea-

son to consider the American specimens specifically distinct

from the European Ph. ffaijayia'. according to Winter's de-

scription (Die Pil/e. p. 228), and the s])ecimens in Rabh. Herb.

Myc, 281. Oji neither the latter nor the Illinois specimens

was there observed any roughness of the epispore.

Ph. mucronatum, ( Pers. ) Lk.

I.. II.. III. ^cidia am[thige)ious. on the leaves more com-
monly hyi)0])liyllous, and of different sizes, but usually small,

in little groups on a distinct reddish, yellow-bordered spot, on

the larger veins, petioles, and young stems confluent and swol-

len, conspicuous, causing more or less distoiiion of the host,

surrounded by clavate. incurved, colorless })araphyses, bright

orange-colored: a?cidiospores subglobose or angular, produced

in erect chains, becoming rough-warty towards maturity. 18-24

w: uredosori hypophyllous. small, scattered, very numerous,

sometimes sparingly confluent. s\u-rounded by many incurved,

clavate. colorless ])ara]»hys('s. yellow; uredos])ores subglobose.

rough-warty, eacdi ))roduced on a pedicel. 18 ,u: teleutosori hy-

])ophyllous. scattered, small, powdery, brownish-black; teleuto-

spores cylindrical or oblong-elli))tical. vertex narrowed and mu-
cronate. apiculus hyaline, six- to eleven-septate, rather coarsely



206 Illhiois State Lahnratonj of Natural Histori/.

tuberculate. 24 by 65-77 ;tt; })edicel about one and a half times

the length of the spore, mostly hyaline, swollen, and elongate-

elliptical from above the middle downward.

Puccinia mucronata. Crowded, black, spores pediceled, cylindrical,

mucronate. Var. Rosw. Spores somewhat swollen, obtuse, parasitic on

Uredo Iio&-r.—Persoon, Syn. Fung., p. 230.

On roses: Jackson, April 28, 487(5, L; Pulaski, May 4.

4486, L, 4487, I., May 9, 4580, Nov. 4, 2247; Johnson, May 12,

4639, I., 4640, L, 4641, L, May 18, 4671, I., May 16, 4706, I.;

McLean, May 20, 4725, I„ May 25, 4778, I., May 29, 4818, I.;

Champaign, June 8, 4917, I., June 10, 4941, L, 4958, II., July

11, 6494, I., II.. III.; LaSalle, June 15, 5000, I.. June, 21, 5256,

I.; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1159, II., III., Aug. 26, 1817, II., III.,

Aug. 27, 1842, Aug. 81, 1894, Sept. 1, 1416, II., III.; Lee, Sept.

8, 5718, II., III.; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5825, II., HI.; JoDa-

viess, Sept. 19, 5997, II., III.; Ogle, Sept. 23, 6131, I.; Rock

Island, Sept. 27, 1688; Henry, Sept. 28, 1718; Union, Oct. 21,

1909, Oct. 29, 2121, Oct. 81, 2185, Nov. 8, 2197.

Persoon's name (Disp. Meth. [1797] p. 88) for this plant

is Pnccmia mucronata var. Bosa\ As the other variety has

been given another name, this should bear the name of the

species rather than of the variety. Link introduced (Spec.

Plant. II. [1824-25] p. 84) the genus PJnrKjDiidiHm, in which

this species is included, hence Ph. inucronatuiti^ Lk., is often

written. The supposed aecidioform described above, referred to

under Ph. spec/osum, sometimes occurs in midsummer at the

same time on the leaves with the uredo and teleutospores.

The paraphyses are identical in the forms I. and II., and per-

sist with the teleutoform.

Ph. speciosum, Fries.

III. On the stems, and less commonly on the petioles,

forming swollen, distorted areas of more or less extent. Sori

irregularly confluent, grayish-black, on year-old stems crust-

like; spores cylindrical-oblong, about five to seven celled, some-

times less, scarcely or not at all constricted at the septum, ends

rounded, apex mucronate, smooth, almost black, 30 by 60-90 jn

:

pedicel hyaline below, tinted above, tapering downward, very

long, attaining seven or more times the length of the spore.



I*((r<(sifie Finn/i of IJIinois. 207-

QiiBosa: Puliiski, May 4. 4487, May 9, 4580; Johnsou,

May 12, 4640, 4641, May 16, 4706; McLean, May 25, 4778, May
29,4813; Champaign, June 10,4941; LaSalle, June 15,5000,

June 21, 5256; JoDaviess, Sept. 16,5952; Ogle, Sept. 23. 6181;

Jersey, Oct, 12, 6278.

What has been called Uredo niiniafa, Pers., Ca>oui.<i miniata,

Schl.. or Coleospor'nim, miniatHm^ Lev., has been considered the

fficidioform of PJnvf/Jiiidiinii )nitcroHafni)i, Pers.. with which it

is certainly often associated. But it is very commonly found

on the green leaves, in the early part of the season, with Ph.

SjH'ciof^tnii on the twigs at the same time. Sometimes, however,

the teleutospores of Pli. nmrronatiiDt occur later in the season

on the Caeoma-affected leaves or on other leaves of the same

])hint.

All the numbers except 5952 and ()273 were accompanied

by the aliove -mentioned form.

Ph. rubi-idaei, (Pers.) Winter.

II., in. Hy})ophyllous. Uredosori small, scattered, usu-

ally very numerous; uredospores obovate or elliptical. e])is})ore

thin, sharply echinulate. 15-18 ^; teleutosori small, scattered.

l)Owdery, black: teleutospores cylindrical, ends obtusely round-

ed, vertex furnished with a more or less elongated, conical, or

often somewhat cylindrical hyaline apiculus, whole surface

very rough-warty, almost black, about six- to eight-septate,

27-38 by 67-120 ^\ pedicel tinted near the spore, otherwise hy-

aline, about one and a half times the length of the spore, from
above the middle downward elongate-elliptical, roughened.

On leaves of Piibiis sfrhjosKs: McHenry, Aug. 20,1177,

Aug. 23, 1232; Boone, Sept. 2, 1422, II.; Cook, Sept. 5. 144(),

II.; Stephenson, Sept. 14, 5882, II., III.; JoDaviess, Sept. 20,

6012, II.

The teleutosori are surrounded by many incurved colorless

(dry specimens) clavate paraphyses, ]>ut a careful examination

of the specimens failed to reveal them with the uredosori.

though these were over-mature, and the spores everywhere

scattered among the matted hairs of the leaf.



208 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Ph. rubi, (Pers.) Winter.

II., III. Hypophyllous. Sori, very small, scattered; ure-

dosori often very numerous, circular, orange-yellow, without

paraphyses; uredospores ovate or elliptical, each borne upon a

pedicel, epispore thin, finely echinulate, 12-15 by 15-20 ft; te-

leutosori rounded, sometimes confluent, black; teleutospores

about four to five septate, cylindrical, somewhat constricted at

the septum, ends ol)tusely rounded, the vertex furnished with a

conical, more or less deeply tinted apiculus, surface finely tu-

berculate, sometimes appearing smooth, dark-brown, 36 by 100

/t; pedicel as long as the spore or somewhat longer, very much
swollen in the lower half.

On h*iihus rillosHs: Lee, Sept. 8, 5711, II., III.; JoDaviess,

Sept. 15, 5908, II.; Sept. 18, 5979,11., Sept. 19, 5999,11.; Ogle,

Sept. 23, 6147, II.; Jersey, Oct. 14, 6313, II.; McLean, Oct. 18,

1874, II.

Triphragmium, Link.

Teleutospores dark brown, three-celled, triangular, the di-

viding septa vertical and horizontal or oblique; uredospores

similar to those of Puccinia.

In this genus secidioforms have not been certainly recog-

nized, though there are in some cases what have been called

two forms of the uredo, the one occurring in the spring on the

petioles and veins, the other late in the summer on the leaf

surfaces, and spermogonia are developed upon the upper leaf-

surface.

The species are comparatively fcAv; none have so far been

found in Illinois.

Ravenelia, Berkeley.

Teleutospores many-celled, l)err3^-like, with vertical and

horizontal septa, usually with a series of hyaline cells at the

base, pedicellate or sessile.

This curious genus is com})aratively little known, and its

standing among the UrecVniew has not been firmly established.



Pardxific Finif/I of TllimniH. 209

Ft seems the orermination of the spores has not been observed

neither have other spore forms l^een certainly found as genetic

productions. Tn Jl. ^tlcfica, B. & Br., however, Berkeley says:

'The hirger pseudospores are accomi)anied by uredinoid ])odies

wliicli are minutely papillate." (Linn. Soc. Jour. Bot.. Vol.

XTV. p. 93.)

The spores attain the largest size among the Uredinecr. and

are otherwise very readily generically recognized.

Speaking of R. indica, Berkeley says, "The glandular bodies con-

sist of a large umbrella-shapecl, dark cap, often o|^th of an inch across,

composed of a number of closely packed cells, supported by a long, hy-

aline, delicate, and apparently compound stem, round the end of which
are suspended a circle of elongated hyaline bodies, calling to. mind, in

point of arrangement, the appendages of some species of Medust«, or in

general appearance the fruit of some Marchantia. In the South Caro-

lina species [R. glanduhm, B. & C] on the contrary, the peduncle is

shorter and the appendages are united by their sides into a solid mass."

The species grow on various Leguiiiinofur.

R. glandulseformis, B, & C.

Aniphigenons. iSori scattered, rather small, often confluent

ill areas of variable, sometimes of considerable size, testaceous:

spores broadly capitate, the many-celled, dish-like, chestnut-

brown upper layer projecting over the hyaline cells lieneath.

alwut 75 to 100 ,w; pedicel short, hyaline.

Spores urn-shaped, with a short pedicel, hyaline below and lobed or

striate ; even above, cellular, colored, projecting beyond the lower divi-

sion. In some specimens the lower division is even, and the cells of the

upper part larger, but it is probably a mere form.—Berkeley, Grevillea,

III., p. 80.

On Tephros/a Vir</iniaii(i : '"Pine Hills," Union County.

Collected several times in same locality by F. S. Earle.

Gymnosporangium, DC.

Spores with one horizontal septum, less commonly one to

six cells in a vertical row. yellow, with epispore thin, on long,

slender, hyaline pedicels, imbedded in gelatine, which, when
moist, swells into a soft columnar or irregular body. Parasitic

on the leaves and branches of various Ciipressinece.



210 lU/nois State Lahovatonj of Natural History.

The species now assigned to this genus were formerly sep-

arated, and a part of them, having the gelatinous material

more or less columnar, made to form the genus Podisoma.

The distinction is not properly generic, and at present most

mycologists unite all the species under the generic name of

Gymnosporamjium. The European species agree in the spores

having a single septum, and this is usually made a characteris-

tic of the genus, but some of the American species, otherwise

similar, have from one to six-celled spores, so that the descrip-

tion of the genus is necessarily extended to include them. The

spores are produced in the spring instead of in the autumnal

months, as are the teleutospores of most Uredineo'; but they

germinate in May and June, hence have not a long period of

rest. The promycelium is rapidly formed, under the proper

conditions, from the mature spores, and sporidia are abundantly

produced. These latter are believed to develop only on species

of Pomea\ and produce the secidial growths included under the

so-called genus Ihrstelia. This alternation of growth has been

several times experimentally shown, but for the purposes of

this paper the gecidial forms are given b}^ themselves. The

mycelium of the teleutosporic form is sometimes annual, but

more often perennial, and produces remarkable gall-like dis-

tortions upon the host.

G. macropus, Lk.

Sporiferous masses aggregated in globose tufts, surrounded

at the base by a ring formed by the raised epidermis and sub-

epidermal tissue of the host-plant, orange-yellow, cylindrical,

acuminate, half an inch to an inch long, or at times longer;

spores ovate-acute, two-celled, generally constricted at the sep-

tum, and with a papilla at the apex, 15-20 by 46-60 /*; proniy-

celia generally four from each cell. Mycelium annual, produc-

ing globose or reniform knots in the smaller branches. On
leaves and smaller branches of Ji(niperus Virginiana. (Farlow,

Gymnosporangia of the IT. S., p. 18.)

On Juniperus Virginiana: Union, May 15. 4705; Cham-
paign, March 16, 2465.



Parasitic FiiHfji of Illinois. 211

Oronartium, Fries.

Teleutospores one-celled, without pedicels, compacted in an

erect (Often curved or bent) cylindrical, solid column; uredo-

spores produced on pedicels, the uredosorus covered by a pseudo-

parenchymatous inemljrane.

The peculiar column. com})osed of the elon^j'ated teleuto-

s))ores adhering closel}' to each other, and rising conspicuously

from the substratum, clearly designates this genus. The

uredospores and teleutospores. so far as known, are produced

on the same host, sometimes in the same sorus.

C. asclepiadeum, Kze.

Yar. thesii, Berk.

n.. ITT. Uredosori small, scattered, or collected in irregu-

lar groups, furnished with aperidium; uredospores subglobose

to elliptical, echinulate, 15 by 18-27 p-\ teleutosori scattered,

often numerous, column long, cylindrical, usually curved:

teleutospores oblong or cylindrical, yellowish-brown, smooth,

about 11 fi- in diameter.

On Comandra umheUata: McHenry, Aug. 20. 1157. Aug.

23. 1245; Boone, Sept. 2. 1428; LaSalle. Sept. IH. 14U8. Sept.

16. 1552; Ogle. Sept. 26. 6191).

The determination of tlie variety was made by comparison

witli tlie specimens in Ellis' North American Fungi, No. 1082.

This is Cromniiin)! coniatirlro'. Peck (Bot. (xaz. TV. p. 128).

MelampsORA, Cast.

Teleutospores one or more celled, when divided the septa

mostly vertical ( sometimes horizontal or oblique ), sessile, densely

compacted in a firm, flat or slightly convex layer; uredospores

single celled, sessile upon the hymenium. the sori usually cov-

ered by a membrane, which is finally irregularly ruptured.

This genus, as here defined, includes not only what has

been uniformly assigned to it, but the species which have been



212 //////o/,s- State Tj((}>()raf(>nj of Natural Histori/.

by diifereut authors assif^'iied to Calyptospora, Mel<(iiij)>«jrella.

Ph.raginosjwra and Thehopsora. Admitting- all these us genera

of equal rank, the characteristics may be given as follows:

Teleutospores produced beneath the cells of the epidermis:

Teleutospores (me-celled Melampsora.

Teleutospores divided Phragmospora.

Teleutospores produced in the cells of the epidermis.

Teleutospores one-celled, colorless Melampsorella.

Teleutospores divided, colored:

Sori small, with uredo Thekopsora.

Sori broadly confluent or effused, without uredo,

Calyptospora.

With the single exception of Melampsora Gcpppertiana

(Cabjptosjjora Ga'ppcrtlaiai, Ktlhn) on various species of Vac-

cinia tu^ no supposed ajcidium form has been found; in this

case the almost universal association of the teleutoform on

Vacciiiiam. and one or more species of Feridernmini on Pin us

and Abies, seems to strongly indicate their genetic relation.

Other observations corrol)orate the supposed connection, so that,

in Europe at least, we may accept the matter as a fact that this

species of Melampsora and u'Ecidiam (Pe riderraiam ) cohimnare,

Alb. & Schw\. are alternate forms. In America, Peridermium

halsa)iu'iim. Peck, seems to be associated with the teleutoform,

but whether P. halsaineam and P. coluiintare are specifically

identical has not been determined. See Farlow, Appalachia,

Vol. TIT. (1884) p. 241 et seq.

M. epilobii, (Pers.) Fkl.

II., III. Hypogenous. Uredosori scattered, minute, hemi-

spherical, then opening by a circular stoma; uredospores obo-

vate, sometimes varying to subglobose and oblong, epispore

thin, sharply echinulate, each produced on a pedicel, orange-

yellow, 12-15 by 14-18 ^; teleutosori irregular, scattered, often

confluent in irregular crust-like areas, becoming chestnut-

brown, or at length darker; teleutospores mostly one-celled,

often divided by a septum which is horizontal, oblique, or ver-

tical, cuboidal or elongated, epispore thin, smooth, 21-39 ^ long.



1^1 res/fir Fmuji of lUinois. 218

Urcdo puMnhita, var. Epilohii: subrotund, tiavescent, minute, little

prominent, closed, collected in little clusters.—Pers. Syn. Fung. p. 21fl.

Melaiupsora epilobii, Fckl. F. rii. 300. 1., II.— I. Fungus stjdosporif-

erus. Uredo Epilobii DC. Fl. Fr. II. p. 226. On leaves of Epilobium

montanuni, roseum and angustifolium, plentiful in summer. II. Fun-

gus teleutosporiferus. Sori plane, confluent, black-fuscous; teleutospores

obovate-clavate, fuscous. On the under surface of withered leaves of

J'Jpihhiinii am/nxfifolinm; rare in autumn —Fuckel, Symb. Myc. p. 44.

Oh /i!pl/()h/iii)i rolonitiiiii : JoDaviess. Sept. 20, 6019. II.

Persoon de8c'ril)ed (Syn. Fung. p. 219) Vredo piistuhita

var. rplloljii. and DeCandolle wrote Uredo epilohii (Flora Franc,

IF. \\. 226). and Fuckel described the teleutoform and referred

tlie uredo to same species. The name Uredo piistiilata. Pers..

has been used for various species.

M. crotonis, Rurrill.

II.. III. Amphigenous. ITredosori scattered, rather prom-

inent, circular, cinnamon-colored; uredospores obovate, sharply

echinulate. produced on pedicels, 15-21 by 18-27 i*-; teleutosori

irregular, scattered or somewhat confluent, slightly elevated,

reddish brown; teleutospores irregular, mostly elliptical or ob-

long, one, two. or more celled, arranged in an irregular layer

composed of variously imbricated spores, smooth, cell-contents

granular, pale to dark brown. 11-15 by 30-42 ,u.

Trichoham crotonis, Cooke. Amphigenous; sori minute, subrotund,

surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, fuscous: pseudospores globose

or ovate, finely warty (28-30 ,« diam.). On leaves of Croton procum-

bens, California.—Cooke, Grevillea, VI., p. 137.

On leaves of Croton c(/p/f(ifinn : Marion. Oct. 20, 1900, II,,

III, C. DionanfJiofji/HHs: Johnson, May 12, 4649, II.; Jersey,

Oct. 12, (3282, Oct. 14. 6822: Jackson. Oct. 22, 1945, II., Ill,;

Nov. 5, 22()6; Union. Oct. 25, 2010. II.. III., Oct. 31, 2157, II.,

III., Nov. 1. 2211. CrofoHopsis linearis: LaSalle. Sept. 28.

6226.

The uredo is Trichol)asis crotonis, Cke. The teleutoform

seems to Ijelong to the group separated by Magnus under the

generic name of UJir(if/)uosj/or((. but it is not easy to make out

the relation of the spores to the cells of the host in dried

specimens.



214 Illinois Stole Lahoralonj of Xolaral History.

M. salicina, Lev.

II., III. Amphigenous, the uredo mostly hypophyllous, and

the telentoform more often epiphyllous. Uredosori small^ cir-

cular, often thickly spread over the leaf surface, surrounded by

a thick row of paraphyses, which are strongly enlarged and

rounded above; nredospores subglobose or elliptical, finely

echinulate, 12-15 by 14-18 ^; teleutosori various in size, usu-

ally flat, irregular, often thickly associated or confluent, crust-

like, becoming reddish brown or dark brown; teleutospores ob-

long, in transverse section polygonal, about 10 by 80-87 i^.

'OnlenYeHolSalir corrlala: McHenry, Aug. 28, 1242,11.,

Aug. 24, 1276 and 1271. S. longifolia: McHenry, Aug. 24,

1254, II., Aug. 81, 1896, II.. III.: Lake, Aug. 27,1850, IL, III.;

Lee, Sept. 11, 57SO, II.; LaSalle, Sept. 14. 2500, II., III.; Henry,

Sept. 28, 1707, II. Salix sps.: McLean, July 18, 2498, IL,

July 20. 2407, IT., Aug. 4, 2490. II. ; Piatt. Aug. 17, 1096, II.

;

McHenry, Aug. 24, 1278,' IL, 128S, II. : Lake, Aug. 27, 1851, IL,

III.; Kane. Aug. 80, 1875, IL, III,; LaSalle, Sept. 20, 1599,

IL, III.; Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1618, II. ; Jersey, Oct. 14, 6815,

IL, III.; Union, Oct. 24, 1977, II. ; Pulaski, Nov. 4, 2228, IL,

III.

Thilraen thinks what is included in the above should be

separated into the following species, for which he has given

descriptions: M. Bigloivii. M. capreanum^ M. Hartigii, M.

mediisw, M. intdlimv', (Hedwigia XVIII. [1879] p. 77, and Bul-

letin Torrey Botanical Club, VI. p. 216).

M. populina, Lev.

IL, III. Amphigenous. Uredosori small, scattered over

the surfaces of the leaves, usually more numerous below,

circular, surrounded by a dense row of j)araphyses, which are

clavate or strongly enlarged and rounded above, powdery,

orange-yellow; uredospores varying from subglobose to oblong

or clavate, echinulate, 18-20 by 21-80 ^; teleutosori scattered,

mostly thickly studding both surfaces of the leaf, flat, compact,

crust-like, often confluent, reddish brown; teleutospores oblong,

prismatic, epispore thin, smooth, one-celled, 15 by 36-45 ^.

On leaves of Popiihis treinuloides: McHenry, Aug. 20,

1196. P. Hionilifern: Tazewell, July 22, 2509, IL; McLean,



Parasitic Finif/i of Illinois. 215

July 25, 2508, 11., Aug. 28, 5642, Oct. 6, 3809, TIL, Oct. 18,

188-1, in.; Piatt, Aug. 10, 1008, W.; Champaign, Aug. 41,

1019, II., Oct. 31,037(5; Lee, Sept. 9, 5751, IL; LaSalle, Sept.

13, 1508, ILL, Sept. 17, 1586, IL; JoDaviess, Sept. 15, 5909,

II.. TIL; Henry, Sept. 28, 1722, IL, TIL; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1784,

111.: .Tackson, Nov. 5. 2261, III.

OOLEOSPORIUM, Ley.

Teleutosori divided by horizontal septa (al)out three) so

as to form unhranched vertical rows of closely connected cells,

each of which emits, on germination, a promycelium hearing a

single sporidiuni, compacted in a dense flat or convex some-

what waxy stratum; uredospores produced in chains, which

soon break up into a powdery mass; sorus naked.

The species of this genus are difficult to determine mor-

phologically one from another, and comparatively little has

been done towards elucidating life histories through cultures.

It is supposed that Coleosporiinii senecionis and Periderm iam
pini are alternate forms of one species, but other a'cidial states

are unknown. The so-called uredospores are produced in

chains, and according to the classification adopted here would,

by themselves, fall in the genus Ca^oiiia. The query arises as

to whether this should be looked upon as the tecidium or uredo

stage. So far as observed this form grows on the same leaf,

and usually just before the teleutoform, characteristics of the

latter rather than the former. If, indeed, Pcrideniiiiiiii pljii is

the aecidium form of Coleasporiimi senecionis, then the pulver-

ulent spores on Senecio, one would say, must l)e the uredo

form, and these are very similar to the first-formed spores of

the other species.

C. sonchi-arvensis, (Pers.) Lev.

II. . III. Hypogenous, rarely epiphyllous. Uredosori scat-

tered or united in groups, often very numerous and sometimes

crowded or confluent, elliptical or irregular, powdery; uredo-

s))ores elliptical, often irregular, thickly studded with little

obtuse tubercles, orange-yellow, but soon fading. 15-21 by

10



216 Tllinois State Lahovatory of Natxral Hii^torij.

19-24 /tt; teleutosori scattered or united in groups, often very

numerous and sometimes confluent, low. at first orange-yellow,

changing to pale reddish brown; teleutospores about four-celled,

cylindrical or enlarged above, epispore thin, smooth.

llredo i^onclii-arvenxis. Crowded, subconfluent, fulvous, sori nearly

plane, irregular. Hab.: frequent in autumn on leaves of Sonchus ar-

vensk in fields after harvest.—Persoon, Syn. Fung., p. 217.

On leaves of Vernonia fasciculate : Tazewell, Jnly 22,

2491, II.; Champaign, Aug. 11, 1023, II., III.; Piatt, Aug. 15.

1070, II., III.. Aug. 17,Jtlll, II., III.; McLean, Sept. 6, 5671,

II., III., Oct. 6. 1810. II., III., Oct. 13. 1862. II.. III.; LaSalle.

Sept. 14, 1545, II.. III.. Sept. 29, 6240. III.; JoDaviess, Sept.

15, 5911, II.; Jersey, Oct. 13, 6296, II.. III.: Jackson, Oct. 22,

1955, II.. III.: Union, Oct. 24, 1970, 1984. II., III., 1985, II..

III.. 1986, II., III., Oct. 26, 2034, Oct. 27, 2067, II. III.; Pu-

laski, Nov. 4. 2233. Elephantopas CaroUnianifs: Union, Oct.

26. 2033, II., III. Aster saf/ittifoUiis: Jackson, April 21, 4213,

II.; Pulaski, May 5, 4508, II.. 4509, II.. May 6, 4532, II., May
10, 4592. II.; McLean, July 12, 2488, II., July 15, 2486, II..

July 29, 2487, II., Aug. 1, 2463, II., III., Aug. 6, 2485, II.,

2489, II., Oct. 18, 1885. II., III.; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1162, II.;

LaSalle, Sept. 13, 1507, II.: Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5823, II..

Sept. 14, 5881, II., IIL, JoDaviess, Sept. 16, 5950, 11. ; Rock

Island, Sept. 27, 1685, II.; Fulton, Oct. 3, 1741, II. Aster sps.:

Jackson, April 25, 4292. II.: Johnson, May 12, 4650, II.; Adams.

July 11, 5499, II., 5500, II.; McLean, Aug. 1, 2490, II.: Piatt.

Aug. 10, 1008, II.; McHenry, Aug. 24, 1283, II. ; Cook. Sept. 6,

1452, II.; JoDaviess, Sept. 19, 5998, II.: Fulton, Oct. 3, 1736.

II.. Ill; Union. Oct. 21, 1906, II., III. Solidayo latifolia: Mc-
Lean, Aug. 1, 2481, II., Aug. 6, 2483. II., 2484, II., Oct. 12.

1853, II., III. S. altissima: Adams, July 1, 5378, II., July 3,

5386, II., July 7, 5448, II.; Lee, Sept. 9, 5752, II. S. ulmifolia:

McLean, Aug. 6, 2482, II.; LaSalle, Sept. 17, 1570. S. Cana-

densis: Adams, July 11, 5498. 11. ; McLean, Jnly 12, 2479, II.,

July 15, 2478. II., 2480, II., III., July 16, 2477, II., Aug. 6.

2476, II., Oct. 18, 1879, II.; McHenry,' Aug. 20, 1178, II., Aug.

24, 1279, II.; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5817, II.; Rock Island,

Sept. 24, 1619, II., III., Sept. 27. 1684. II., IIL; Fulton, Oct. 3,

1743, IT.; Union, Oct. 25, 2006, II., IIL, Oct. 27. 2060, 11..



Ptinisific Fitn;//' of Illinois. 217

206«, II.. Nov. 1. 2205. II.. Nov. 4. 227H. II. S. f/ir/antea: Mc-
Lean. Sept. T). 5672. II. Soli</<i;/o sps.: Union. April 26, 4312.

11.. April 29. 4393. II.: Pnlaski, Muv 3,4466, II.: Adams, June

26. 5289, II.. July 5. 5418. II.; Piatt. Au^. 15, 1077, II., Aug.

17. 1112. II.: Ogle, Sept. 26,6187.11.: Union. Oct. 21, 1912. II.

Silpliiion iiifp(/rif'o/iiiiii : Union, Sept. 22. II., III., (Earle.

)

S. ferehiHfJiimtceiini : Jersey. Oct. 13, 6298. HeJianthus: Piatt,

Aug. 17, 1130: Jersey. Oct. 13, 6297, II.. III., Oct. 14. 6311:

McLean, Oct. 12. 1847. II.. III.. Oct. 18. 1878.

Xos. 1912. 2006, 2060. 2205. 2481. 5817. 5881, 5950 and

6187 are acconi])anie(l by i)ycnidia of Dofliidea soJickif/inis.

The name adopted is from Uredo Kouchi-arreusis, Persoon.

For the fungi here included many names have been proposed

under the idea of sjiecific distinctness. But whatever differ-

ences exist seem to be so connected by intermediate forms that

those u])ou the host-plants named are considered specifically

identical. There are, therefore, included such as have been

named ire'fo SoJirhn/inis, ScIiav.. (\ fcrchiiifJiini, Schw., Coleo-

sporiiim compositanin). Lev., Vredo or Ca'oina elejjJiantopodis,

Schw.. Coh'osporiinn Vcnionicfj, B.& C, and C. Soliihiginis. Thiini.

Perhaps the form on Vernonia differs more than others from

the type on account of the uredospores being smaller, and the

teleutospores being more enlarged above. On Eh'pli((utopns

the teleutosori are grou])ed in circles.

C. ipomoese, (Schw.)

IT.. III. Hypophyllous. Spots yellowish or none; sori

minute, scattered or irregularly clustered, circular. II. Spores

irregularly oval, strongly echinulate, 18 by 26 fi. III. Sori

(•(mvex. deep reddish orange; spores ( chains) oblong or slightly

clavate, conspicuously 4-6-septate. about 10 by 26 /t, segments

widest transversely.

On leaves of Iponirra Xil : Union, Oct. 31, 2133, II., III.:

Jackson, Nov. 5. 2265. II.. III. /. lacunosa : Union, Oct. 31,

•2134. II.. Til. /. paiifhirafa: Ta/ewell, July 22, 2462, II., III.;

McLean, July 29, 2292. II.. TIT., Oct. 13. 1861. IT., III.: Piatt,

Aug. 15,1068, IT.. III., Aug. 17. 1108, II.. III.. 1136, II., III.;

Jersey, Oct. 12. 6271. IT., TIT.

This is evidently the plant named Lredo ipotuixce by



218 Illinois State Lahomtory of Natnral Histori/.

Schweinitz, and as such distributed by Ravenel in his Fungi

Caroliniani IV. No. 99, and Fungi Americani, No. 488. In

both of those specimens the Coleosporium form is found. Our

specimens on Ijwmwa Nil have the spore-chains somewhat more

slender^ and the color of those examined is not quite so deep as

that of those on I. pandiiratd.

Chrysomyxa, Unger.

Teleutospores composed of several cylindrical cells in sim-

ple or branched vertical rows, the lower cells sterile, each of

the upper producing a several-celled promycelium bearing about

four sporidia, sorus naked, compact, flat or convex, red or

orange-yellow; uredospores in vertical rows, soon pulverulent,

sorus naked.

It is understood that Periilermiimi ahietiniii)), ( Alb.& Schw.

)

is genetically related to one or more species of this genus as

the fficidium-stage.

Not so far observed in Illinois.

Uredo, Ley.

Spores one-celled, produced singly on pedicels from which

they readily separate at maturity, forming a powdery mass;

sorus without pseudoperidium, without spermagonia.

Many, perhaps all, are forms of plants belonging to other

genera classified by the teleutospores, as Uronvyces, Puccinia^

etc., and constitute what is known as the second stage of the

Uredineff; but some of the so-called species have not yet been

connected even in supposition with any teleutosporic forms.

The spores germinate at maturity, and soon lose their vitality;

the germ tube produces the mycelium directly, without the in-

tervention of sporidia. The sorus is in some. cases surrounded

l)y paraphyses, usually club-shaped and incurved, a character-

tic of the so-called genus Lecytliea.

For the comparison between Uredo and Ca'oiiid, see the

latter.



/'(//(fsific Fii)i(/i of Ilh'nois. 219

U. hydrangeas, B. & C.

Hypogeiious. S[iots small, ydlowisli, jiiorc or less conHii-

cnt. Sori minute, scattered, few; spores obovate, produced on

})edicels, minutely tuberculate, 12-18 l)y 16-24 ^.

On HijclraHcjea arhorescens.

This name is attached to specimens in the Curtis herbarium,

ai>d [)nblished in Curtis' Cat. Pits. N. C, p. 122, without des-

cription. The specimens from which the description is taken

were collected by Mr. F. S. Earle, Cobden, Oct. 18. ]S7*.).

There is no evidence of the occurrence of the fungus else-

where in the State.

X C^OMA, TUL.

Spores one-celled, produced in vertical chains, soon sepa-

rating in a powdery mass, sorns without ]»seudo)ierl(lin]n, but

sometimes covered by a thin adherent mem))rane. often with

spermagonia, and with or without i)ara])hvses.

The term Cieoma has been used with several and very dif-

ferent significations. As here limited it does duty, pro))altly

tcmjjorarv. as a genus of so-called species of which teleuto-

sporic forms are still unknown. As defined the genus difl'ers

from Vt'cdo in the manner of the production of the spores, and

from .Ecidiiiiii in the absence of a peridium. According to

some authors the presence of spermagonia is taken as the special

characteristic of (Ut'onta as against Uredo, so that with these

writers the forms having spores in (diains, but without sperma-

gonia. are arranged under the lattei', as, for example, the so-

called J 'redo (((jriinoniif,—herein found as Cd'onia (((jriiiionid',

Schw. It, however, seems pretty evident that, with or without

spermagonia, those forms having spores in chains represent

rather the tecidial than the uredo stage, and as s(jme species of

. Ecid i 1(1)1 hiivt no spermagonia, the absence of the latter in

€(('0)11(1 ought not to l»e unlooked for.

Some of the so-called C<i'0))i(i' have been identified as the

a^cidial forms of Fh)-a(j))i(diif)n^ which see. Comi)are also Cole-

()Sj)0)-ill)ll.



220 ininois State Lahoratonj of Natural History.

0. agrimoniae, Scliw.

Hypogenous. Spots yellowish, often confluent and more

or less spreading over the surface. Sori small, irregularly,

mostly thickly, associated in patches, or over the whole sur-

face, orange; spores subglobose or elliptical, epispore rather

thin, finely echinulate, 14-16 by l.'i-20 ^.

C&co)iia (Uredo) a(jnmonw\ Schw. Spots lutescent; sori minute, con-

fluent; spores delicate red-orange, at length faded. Often covering the

whole under surface of the leaves.—Schweinitz, N. Am. Fungi, No. 28.35,

p. 291.

On leaves of Agriniotiia Eiijxitoria : .Johnson, May 11,

4617; McLean. -July 7, 2511. .Tuly 3 5, 2513, 5560. .July 27. 2514,

Aug. 6, 2510, Oct. 6, 1812. Oct. 18, 1877; Tazewell, July 22,

2512; Piatt, Aug. 17. 1118; Lee, Sept. 8, 5710; LaSalle, Sept.

13, 1505, Sept. 17. 1569; Stephenson, Sept. 14, 5880; Ogle.

Sept. 22, 6106; Henry, Sept. 28. 1728: Jersey, Oct. 12, 6272.

ui. parriflora : McLean, Sept. 6, 5673.

This has been named TWedo agrhmmia' ; it was placed l)y

Schweinitz in the Uredo section of Ca^oma, the latter including,

according to him, all allied species. But the s])ores are pro-

duced in chains, not borne singly UDon a stalk. On this ac-

count probably, Bonorden (Beitr. z. Kent. d. Coniomyc, p. 20)

assigned it to the genus Coleosporinni. hence it is known as

Coleonporiioii ochraceuni. Without question, however, the

form is not the teleuto stage. Until the latter is known it

must therefore be ('(t'oyiui. and the specific name should, at all

events, stand as above.

C. nitens, Schw.

Hypophyllous. Sori irregular, flat, usually thickly asso-

ciated and confluent, more or less covering the surface, bright

orange-yellow; s])ores subglobose, elliptical or oblong, epispore

thin, finely tuberculate, 12-24 by 18-32 ^; spermagonia scat-

tered, numerous, yellow, mostly on upper side of leaf.

On Bahiis oerldentails: McLean. May 20, 4722, May 25,

4777, May 26. 4792; LaSalle. June 15, 4993. 11. viliosifs:

Union. April 16, 5016, April 17, 4140, April 24, 4258, April 26,

1310, April 27, 4332, April 28. 4375, April 29, 4391; Jackson.



Parasitic Fianji of nJiHoi!^. 221

April in. 41 7H. April 28. 481^: Pulaski, May 1, 4403. May 6,

4o31. May i). 4578: Johnson. May 18, 4670: McLean, May 28.

474U, May 26. 4791: Champaign.' Jnne 8. 4<)08; La>Snlle. June

16, 5208: Adams, July 8. 5387.

Sclnveinit/ (Syu. Car. 458) calls this .Kridiani nifens, and

afterwards ( Syn. X. A. Fungi) Ca'onta ( suh-genus ^Eridiitni)

Jiniiinafiiii). The last name has l)een most often used, hut

without ]»ro])er authority.

This is the well knowu orange rust of the hlackherry. and

nH)re rarely of the hlack-ca]) raspl)erry. occurring for the most

part in May and June. It is un([uestioiiahly a first form or

undevelo})ed state of some teleutosporic species, and this has

heen thought to he a PJirat/midiHiii. Some recent observation,

however, tends to show that it Iielongs to Puccinia Prrkiana,

Howe, which is found on the same host-plants, and matures in

Septeml)er.

^CIDIUM, Persoox.

Sjiores one-celled, in chains or vei'tical rows, without pedi-

cels; sorus inclosed in a short, beaker-like pseudoperidium.

which protrudes through the ruptured epidermis of the host, and

opens regularly at the vertex, the border soon Ijecoming more

or less toothed or lobed. and usually recurved; with s])erma-

gonia.

This wassu])posed tf) be a true genus of autonuitous species,

but it is now believed that all the supposed species belong to

Vroiiii/Cf'S and ]*ncrinia. and constitute what is known as their

first or lecidial stage in the alternations of development. Be-

fore, however, anything like exact knowledge as to genetic re-

lations can be ascertained, carefully uuide artificial cultures

must be made by competent investigators. Where there is

now good reason for accepting the demonstrations as satisfac-

torily made, the forms have been included in their ])roper

places with the teleutospores; otherwise they follow here under

the designation of species.

M. ranunculacearum, D(!.

Hypophyllous. Spots distinct, yellowish, mostly snuill;

a^cidia irregularly and densely clustered, short, erect, or at



222 Illinois State Lkihoratorij of Natiirdl Histori/.

length more or less recurved and many times divided, Ijecoming

pulverulent, pale yellowish; spores subglobose or ellii)tical, epi-

spore rather thick, finely but conspicuously tuberculate, 1<S by

21-24 ^; spermagonia minute, honey-yellow, mostly scattered

on the upper surface of the affected area.

On Anemone Pennsylvanica: Champaign, June 1), 1-UB4,

June 10, 495rx

M. ranunculi, Schw.

Mostly hypogenous. Equally usually densely associated

over the whole surface of the leaf, or over definite j)atches;

aicidia recurved, border narrow and many times split; spores

subglobose or elliptical, finely echinulate, 15-21 by 18-24 fi;

spermagonia numerous, scattered among the i^cidia on same

side of leaf, minute.

On Hrnumculiis dhortivus: Union, April 12,4030, April 18,

406(), April 14, 4097, April 15, 410(3-i, April 17, 4181; Jackson,

April 18, 4165, April 28, 4868; Pulaski, May 5, 4507; McLean,

May 28, 4751, May 29, 4805, May 80, 4840."

-(E. punctatum, Pers.

Hypophyllous. Spots effused, yellowish; tecidia uniformly

scattered over large portions or the whole of the leaf-surface,

not usually crowded, rather large, deeply divided into few

(about four) widely spreading recurved lobes, thin but firm;

spores subglobose to oblong, almost smooth, brown, about 18-

21 ^, or 15-18 by 21-27 ^; spermagonia uniformly and re-

motely scattered on both surfaces, conspicuous, reddish brown.

Simple, scattered, peridia subimmersed, mouth subcontinuous, pow-

der compact, fuscescent.—Persoon, >Syn. Fung., p. 212.

On Hepdtica ti-iloba : Champaign, May 1. Anemone nemo-

ros<( : Riverside, near Chicago, June 2. J. C. Arthur.

This is jEcidiwii qnadrifidiim, DC. There is on Anemone

nentorosa a species supposed to l)e different (not so far found in

Illinois) known as A^]. cnieiiiones^ Pers., or ^K. leucospei-vuinu

DC. In this last the pseudoperidium is more often, but less

deeply, divided, and the border more distinctly rolled, and the

spermagonia are very much less conspicuous, produced, how-



I'd rnsillc Fiiiif/I of [U'nioi^. 223

ever, iji the s;iiiie way. The spores have thinner walls, are

lighter colored, and are said to be more elongated. In the lat-

ter respect, however, the s])ecimens collected by Arthur have

spores commonly ((iiadrangular, and considerably longer than

wide. A Massachusetts specimen agrees with the typical jE.

pimcfafttiii except that the spermagonia are contined to the

lower side of the leaf. That on Hepiificn friloha is distinctively

^E. pimctation.

M. actsese, (Opiz.) Wallr.

iEcidia orderless or in circular gr(jups, on ])ale s})()ts which

later are blackish in the centre; pseud()})eridia short-cylindrical,

with a white tube and many times split and recurved border;

spores polygonal, pale yellow, fine-warty, l(>-20 i*- in diameter

by 30 /^.—Winter, Die Pilze, p. 268.

On Adcea : Jackson, April 25, 4288.

The description is taken from Euro])ean s[»ecimejis; thosc^

from Illinois are not fully developed. l)ut seem to be the same.

M. dicentrae, Trelease.

Hypophyllous. ^cidia uniformly and remotely scattered

over the entire surface, rather large, prominent, border regu-

larly segmented and quite uniformly and abruptly rolled, firm;

spores subglobose or elliptical, epispore thin, minutely tubercu-

late, 10-13 by 11-16 ^: spermagonia large, disk-like, rather

distant in a single row on the margin of the leaf, reddish brown.

On Dicenfra cKcullariu: Jackson, A})ril 20, 4195, April 21,

4211, April 25, 4289, Ai)ril 27, 4345, April 28, 4360; Union,

April 24, 4252; McLean, May 22. 4731, May 23, 4753.

M. Mariae-Wilsoni, Peck.

Hypogenous, Spots small, definite, not thickened, yellow-

ish; aicidia small, short-cylindrical, border narrow, many times

split and recurved, subcircinating; spores subglobose or some-

what angular, epispore thin, minutely tnl)erculate, 11-15 ju;

spermagonia preceding and, with the tecidia, mostly on the

upper side of the leaf.



224 Illinois State Laboratory of Nataral History.

Spots orbicular, j^ellow ; subiculum not thickened nor excavated

;

peridia small, slightly elevated, subcircinating, numerous, the margin

distinctly scalloped and reflexed ; spores subglobose, orange, becoming

pale, .00056-.00062 in. in diameter—Peck, Rep. N. Y. State Mus., XXIV.,
p. 92.

On leaves of Violn cucidlata: Union, April 24, 4246.

This seems to differ from ^"E. violiv in the leaf-spots not

beino- thickened, in the aecidia and spores, and in the presence

of spermagonia. Specimens from Professor Trelease, labelled

A^. Petersii, B. & C, on Viola delphinifoliiDit^ cannot be distin-

guished from the species described above and earlier named by

Peck.

M. hibisciatum, Schw.

Hypophyllous. Spots usually few, large, thickened, defi-

nite, brown with a yellow border; peridia mostly densely

croAvded, sometimes irregularly circinate, subimmersed; spores

broadly oval, about 18 by 37 ^t.

Spots orbicular, yellowish, confluent; peridia irregularly but dense-

ly scattered, slender, yellow; spores not compact but loose, yellowish.

—Schweinitz, N. Am. Fungi. No. 2877.

On leaves of Hihisrtis inilif((ris: McLean, July 7, 2429,

July 15, 5559.

M. geranii, DC.

Hypophyllous. Spots definite, not large, inirplish or yel-

low, scarcely thickened; a?cidia circinating, small, short, deeply

and rather finely split and much recurved; spores subglobose,

ei)ispore thin, thickly tuberculate, 18-21 ju.; spermagonia clus-

tered in the center of the spots, on both sides of leaf.

On Geratiiiitn niacHlatiiiii : McLean, May 28,4752, May 29,

4806, May 30, 4833, May 31, 4866, June 1, 4881: Piatt, May
28; LaSalle, June 16, 5205.

iE. impatientis, Schw.

Hypogenous. Spots sometimes definite, purple, yellow-

bordered, more often effused, on the leaves scarcely thickened,

on the petioles and stems swollen; aecidia subcircinate or irreg-



Par((sific FiiHi// ()f UJ/iioifi. 225

iilarly scattered, shoi't, deeply and rather coarsely split and

iRucli recurved; spores subii;lol)ose or elliptical (vertical diame-

ter shorter), epispore thin, apparently smooth, contents hnely

granular, 15-18 hy 1S~20 in: spermagonia clustered above in

the centre of the definite spots, otherwise sparsely scattered on

both sides of leaf.

On Impaflci).^: Union, April 29, 4396: Pulaski, May 4,

4488, May 8, 4559; McLean. May 81,4864, June 24, 5280, July

2, 2425, July 5, 2484, July 7, 2436, July 15,5557; LaSalle,

June 16. 5206; Adams, duly 8. 5888, 5389, July 7. 5451.

^. pteleae, B. & (J.

Mostly hypophyllous. Hj)ots distinct, yellow, thickened:

jecidia irregularly clustered, cylindrical, rather long, becoming

numerously and deeply split and much recurved; spores sub-

globose or elliptical, large, conspicuously tuberculate. 21 25 by

24-80 n; spermagonia not found.

Hpnts pallid, in a hollow on the under side of the leaves
;
pseudo-

podia crowded, short, radiated.—Berkeley, Grev., Vol. HT
,
p. (>!.

On leaves of PfeJra frifoHfit<( : Adams, June 22, coll. 0. A.

Hart: Peoria, July 10, 6516.

There is scarcely -adx doubt but that the ])lant described

above is the .Erid/tnn pfrlea- of Berkeley and Curtis, though the

description in Grevillea is insufficient, and the original speci-

men in the Curtis collection is so poor that its characters can-

not be made out.

-ffi. onobrychidis, Burrill.

Hypophyllous. Spots distinct or confluent, somewhat ef-

fused, yellowish brown: lecidia sulK-ircinate, crowded, short,

border abruptly recurved, rather coarsely dissected; spores sub-

globose or elliptical, epispore rather thin, studded with low,

obtuse tubercles, sometimes united in ridges, 19-24
t*-: sperm-

agonia clustered in the center of spots mostly on the upi)er

surface, minute, reddish brown.

On Fsomlca Omhnjrhis: LaSalle. June 20, 5249.

M. psoralese, Peck.

Hypophyllous. iEcidia uniformly distributed over the



226 Iliinoia State Lahoratorij of Natural Hidory.

leaf, short, soon deeply split and recurved; spores elliptical,

epispore rather thick, densely tuberculate, 15-18 by 18-24 /<-;

spermagonia numerous, uniformly scattered among the a^cidia,

honey-yellow.

Spots none
;
peridia abundant, generally occupying all the lower

surface of the leaf, rarely a few on the upper surface, short, margin

crenulate; spores subglobose and subelliptical, brownish yellow when

fresh, yellowish when dry, .0007-.0008 in. long.—Peck, Am. Nat., Vol.

VIII., p. 215.

On Psoraleafiorihundjc LaSalle, June 20, 5248.

^. leucostictum, B. & C.

Hypophyllous. Spots very small, scarcely evident, not

discolored; tecidia very small, irregularly clustered in little

groups, short, border narrow, recurved and many times split;

spores subglobose, minutely tuberculate, 11-12 by 12-16 ^.

Minute, scattered or collected into small patches.—Berkeley, Grev.,

Vol. III., p. 01.

On Lesjmleza jjrocnnihens : Johnson, May 11, 4616.

This is named as above in Curtis' Catalogue of the Plants

of North Carolina, and described in (xrevillea (III. p. 61) as a

variety of ^^. orobi, Pers. The specific distinction is preferred

on account of the difference in size of lecidia and spores as well

as the appearance of the former.

^. orobi, Pers.

Hypophyllous. Spots usually conspicuous, yellow, not

thickened; secidia scattered or collected in orderless groups,

small or medium size, short, border many times split and re-

curved; spores subglobose, usually somewhat angular, epispore

rather thick, studded with low obtuse tubercles, often appear-

ing smooth, 18-21 by 21-24 ^; spermagonia few, mostly on the

upper side of leaf, in the center of affected spots.

On leaves of Amphica)-'p(m monoica: LaSalle, June 15,

4989.

This is referred to the above named species with some

doubt as to the identification. The aecidia are collected in

more definite groups than are found in typical specimens of

the species.



Parasitic Farif/i of TJJimols. 227

^. grossulariaB, DC.

Hypogenous. Spots distinct, swollen, yellow; tiecidia

densely clustered, medium size, edge entire and erect or often

many times split and recurved; spores subglobose, epispore very

thin, obscurely roughened.

On leaves and fruit of Ribes rofundifoliuui : McLean, May
22, 4730, May 23, 4758, May 29, 4814, May 30, 4830. Culfi-

rated c/ooseberrij: McLean, May 31, 4847, coll. C. A. Hart;

Champaign, coll. T. J. Burrill.

^. epilobii, DC.

Amphigenous. vEcidia scattered rather uniformly over

the surfaces of the leaves, sometimes more abundant ]>eneatli,

short, rather coarsely and deeply s})lit and much recurved;

spores subglobose, epispore thin, smooth or nearly so, 15-18 /j.;

spermagonia honey-yellow, appearing before the iecidia. scat-

tered over both surfaces, moi'e numerous above.

On (Efwfhera biennis: LTnion, Ajiril 29, 5019.

There is much reason to suppose that this is Urotui/res

amothera'. Burrill. The specimens on (Enofheya lini/oIi((. from

Jackson county, are, if not identical, exceedingly similar, as

may be learned l)y comjiaring the descriptions. Moreover, Mr.

C. A. Hart collected May 27th, 1883, in McLean county, on

the radical leaves of Avhat is supposed to be (Enofhefa biennis^

a Uredo, which is undistingnishable from the uredo form of

this T^roiinjccs. The sori of Mr. Harts specimens are developed

cm Ijoth surfaces of the leaves, but the greater numl)er open on

the under side— the only point of difference noted.

M. oenotherse, Peck.

Hypophyllous, or very sparingly produced above. Spots

conspicuous, usually })ur})le, scarcely thickened; tecidia crowded

in a somewhat definite circle, with a small central vacant area,

short. dee])ly and rather coarsely split and much recurved;

spores subglobose, epispore thin, very minutely tuberculate,

15-18 ,a; spermagonia few, very inconspicuous, on the u])])er

side of the leaf in the center of the spots, honey-yellow.



228 Illinois State Lahonitorij of Natural Ilistonj.

i^pots orbicular, scarcely thickened, reddish purple, sometimes

stained with yellow ; peridia short, crowded, generally with a small free

central space ; spores orange, snbglobose, small, .0005 in. in diameter.

Not unfrequently a reddish purple dash extends from the spot to the

margin of the leaf. The cups sometimes occur sparingly on the upper

surface of the leaf. The free central space appears umbilicus-like, and,

when present, is a noticeable feature.—Peck, Rep. N. Y. State Mus.,

XXIII. p. 60.

On (UnotJiera hmmis: Union, April 27, 4334; Pulaski,

May 8, 4566; McLean, May 20,4721, May 23, 4757, May 25,

4780, May 29, 4802, May 30, 4824. May 31, 4848, June 1, 4883.

June 14. 4975, June 19,5270; Champaign, June 8, 4892; La-

Salle, June 15, 4998; Adams, July 3, 5390.

^. sambuci, Schw.

Hypogenous. Spots conspicuous, yellow, swollen; aecidia

circinate or more often densely and irregularly crowded, short,

deeply split and recurved; spores suhglobose, epispore thin,

minutely tuberculate, 18-21 ^; spermagonia very few, in the

center of the spots on both sides of the leaf.

On Samhucm Canadensis: Pulaski, May 5, 4493, 4497;

May 8, 4560; McLean, May 31, 4859 (undeveloped), June 1,

4890 (undeveloped).

On the young stems the aecidia often occur in large dense

clusters with much distortion of the host.

M. diodise, Burrill.

Hypophyllous, on the cotyledons and rarely lower leaves.

Spots distinct, small, greenish brown ; aecidia few, in little ir-

regular clusters, small, short, border little or not at all recurved;

spores subglobose or elliptical, epispore rather thin, tuberculate,

17-21 by 21-30 w; spermagonia rather numerous, scattered,

above, not found on many of the spots.

On Diodia teres: Johnson, May 13, 4661, May 16, 4700.

This may be the aecidium of Uronii/ces spermacoces, which

grows on the same host.

-ffi, cephalanthi, Seymour.

Hypogenous. Spots distinct, brown, scarcely thickened;

aecidia numerous, irregularly crowded, short, the strongly re-



ranislfic Fiiin/I of TUinois. 229

curved narrow border abrupt, finely divided: spores hirge, sub-

<<lobose or ellii)tical, epispore very thick, very conspicuously re-

ticulately rou»i:hened, 28-:i() by 83-4;^ fi; spermagonia scattered

over the upper side of infected area, minute, reddish brown.

On Cephalanfhiis occ/dcnfalis : Ravenswood, near Chicago,

June(A.D. 1S83). coll. J. C.Arthur; Quincy, July 12 (A. I).

1883). coll. C. A. Hart.

-ffl. houstoniatum, Schw.

Hypophyllous. i?!]cidia scattered over the entire leaf,

small, very short, recurved bcnxler narrow, many times s))lit;

spores globose or elliptical, often angular, minutely tuberculate,

12-15 by 15-18^; spermagonia numerous, conspicuous, appear-

ing before the a^cidia. scattered over the entire under surface,

occasionally above, purple.

Without distinct spots, rseudoperidia elevated, pallid, subconical,

contracted at the apex, and somewhat excavated. Spores orange. The
infected plant, though degenerated, yet Howers.—Schweinitz, N. Am.
Fung., No. 2891, p. 293.

On Houston in c(t'riih'a: Union, April IH, 5010 (Earle),

April 17, 4133. April 26, 4307; Jackson. April 27. 4344, Ajiril

28, 4362; Johnson, May 13, 4663.

The infected plants are easily recognized, as the fungus

causes them to grow more slender and more strictly erect, often

taller, and gives them a yellowish appearance.

2E. erigeronatum, Schw.

Hypophyllous. Spots usually distinct, large, swollen, yel-

low: tecidia subcircinate or irregularly crowded, short, soon

many times divided and much recurved; fragile, soon becoming

pulverulent; spores subglobose, epispore thin, tuberculate,

12-15 /*; spermagonia indistinct, few, usually centrally crowd-

ed, mostly on upper side of leaf, yellow.

Spots large, yellowish, somewhat swollen, pseudoperidia densely

distributed, without order, elevated, spores yellowish.—Schweinitz, .\.

Am. Fungi, No. 2869, p. 292.

On Er/gcroH Ccoiadense : Adams, June 27, 5306, July 6,

5434. E. hellklifolium: Johnson, May 13, 4664, May 16, 4699.



230 Illinois State Lnhoiritori/ of Natural History.

E. Philadelphiewn : Union, April 17, 4136; Champaign, June

8, 4916. E. annumn: Johnson, May 12, 4634, May 13, 4666;

Champaign, June 8, 4893, June 10, 4953; Adams, June 27,

5305, July 6, 5433.

-ffi. asterum, Schw.

Hypophyllous. Spots usually distinct, somewhat swollen,

yellow or purple; ^ecidia subcircinate or irregularly crowded,

short, deeply divided and recurved, soon becoming pulverulent;

spores subglobose, epispore thin, tuberculate, 12-17 j«.; sperma-

gonia rather indistinct, few, mostly on upper side, yellow.

On Aster sagittifolins: Jackson, April 21, 4212, 4214,

April 25, 4282; Union, April 24, 4253, April 28, 4382; Pulaski,

May 1, 4402, May 5, 4501, May 10, 4588; Johnson, May 11,

4613; McLean, May 20,4723. Aster SjJS.: Jackson, April 25,

4285; Pulaski, May 5, 4510; Johnson, May 12, 4646; McLean,

July 7, 2423, July 15, 5558. On Solidago latifolia: 4248, 4284,

4732, 4994. On S. cmsia: 4249, 4485, 4574, 4506, 4614, 555().

S. rigida: 4837 (only spermagonia). S. alfissima: 4250,

4575, 4587, 4615, 4665, 4688, 4809, 5253. Solidago sps.: 4050,

4137, 4166, 4175, 4197, 4283, 4308, 4401, 4425, 4426, 4484, 4528,

4647, 4687, 4733.

Schweinitz at first separated those on Solidago under the

name .E. solidaginis, but subsequently united them with the

Aster forms. His change in the form of the specific name to

asterataui is not followed.

There seems to be a different uEcidiutii on Solidago. See

Ellis' North American Fungi, No. 1018.

2S^. compositarum.

Under this head are united all the uEcidia, on Conijwsita'

except the two foregoing, whose teleutoforms are doubtful. It

is impossible to satisfactorily determine them until full life

histories are worked out. It is even impossible to give in this

place a description of the species properly known as ^eidiiim

compositaruiH ^ Mart., neither is it deemed wise to try to refer

anything to the Schwemitzian species, uE. helianthi-molUs and

^E. tracheliifoHatHiii. Taking the host plants as guide to a

considerable extent, the following/on^^.s' are noted:



Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 231

On Eupatoriiim. Hypophyllous, Spots distinct, usually

few, conspicuous, yellow; secidia irregularly clustered or some-

what circinate, short, irregularly split and moderately recurved,

soon pulverulent; spores suhglobose, epispore rather thin, mi-

nutely tuberculate, 18-20 (*.; spermagonia several, scattered,

above, honey-yellow. On Eupaforiinii peyfoliafnm: McLean,

July:il, 2424.

On Silphiinn : Hypophyllous, and often also epiphyllous.

Spots distinct, usually widely scattered, not large, yellow,

aecidiaj irregularly associated, scarcely crowded, deeply im-

mersed, and but slightly projecting above the raised epidermal

border, margin many times split or pulverulent, little excurved

;

spores subgiobose, often angular, 11-15 ;".; spermagonia rather

few, conspicuous, reddish brown, central, on both sides of leaf.

On SUpJuniii infefjrifoJiiiiii : McLean, May 3, 4852. S. terebin-

thinaceum: McLean,lMay 30,4825, June 23, 5274, July 2, 2420,

July' 11, 2421. S. laciniatum: McLean, June, coll. C. A. Hart.

On Auihrosia: Hypophyllous. Spots large, often conflu-

ent, scarcely thickened, yellow or purplish brown; aecidia not

closely crowded,'^ irregularly distributed over the spot, with,

however, a free central area, short, but not deeply immersed,

firm, the coarsely divided border widely and elegantly excurved

;

spores subgiobose, usually angular, epispore firm, smooth, 12-

15 fi; spermagonia few, central, on both leaf-surfaces, reddish

orown. On Ambivsia trijida : Champaign, June.

On Xanthitim: Hypophyllous, very rarely also epiphyllous.

Spots not large, distant, scarcely thickened; yellowish, some-

times tinged purple; a3cidia not densely crowded, irregularly

distributed or subcircinate, mostly irregular in outline, deeply

immersed and protruding little above the raised epidermal bor-

der, the margin pulverulent, rarely lobed and excurved; spores

subgiobose or elliptical, often angular, epispore rather thin,

minutely tuberculate, about 15-18 /j-; spermagonia few, central,

mostly above, minute, yellowish brown. On Xanfhium strii-

marium: Champaign, June. This is much like the form on

Silphiuin., and answers m some respects to ^E. cerhesina\ Schw.,

and also to .E. tracJieUifoIiafum, Schw., but it is probably

neither. The jEcidium is often followed by Puccinia xanthii,

Schw., and may be connected therewith.

17



232 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

On Helianthns: Hypophyllous, rarely also epiphyllous.

Spots distinct or confluent, usually yellow, somewhat thick-

ened; ajcidia subcircinate, not usually densely crowded, short,

not deeply immersed, deeply split and widely recurved, at first

firm, but soon becoming pulverulent; spores subglobose or

elliptical, epispore thin, minutely tuberculate; spermagonia few,

central, mostly on upper side of leaf, inconspicuous, 3'^ellowish

brown. On Helianthus sps.: Union, April 24, 4256, 4257,

April 26, 4309; Jackson, April 28, 4369; Pulaski, May 9, 4573;

Johnson, May 12, 4642, 4643, 4644, May 15, 4689.

There seem to be two species on Helianthus., and in No.

4644 on the same host. In one case the ajcidia are in large

clusters, with spores about 12-14 by 13-16 ix; in the other case

the clusters are small, and the spores measure about 15-21 by

20-24 ^.

On Bidens: Hypophyllous, very rarely also epiphyllous.

Spots mostly rather large, effused, often confluent, purple,

scarcely thickened; aecidia sparsely scattered, rather prominent,

border abruptly and rather conspicuously recurved, firm; spores

subglobose, epispore thin, minutely tuberculate, 15-17 m;

spermagonia few and inconspicuous, mostly central, below^

often altogether wanting. On Bidens frondosa: Adams, June

27, 5304; Champaign, midsummer.

On Lactuca: Hypophyllous. Spots definite, conspicuous,

thickened, mostly widely separated, but sometimes numerous

and somewhat confluent, purple, then brown; aecidia mostly

crowded around a free central space, rather numerous, short,

many times irregularly split and widely recurved or pulveru-

lent; spores angular, irregularly subglobose or broadly oval,

epispore thin, minutely tuberculate, 15-18 f*-; spermagonia ra-

ther numerous, scattered centrally above, large, simply convex,

reddish brown. On Ladtica Cayiadensis: McLean, May 20,

4720, May 23, 4748, 4759, May 25, 4781, 4781|, May 26, 4798,

May 29, 4803. May 30, 4826, May 31, 4849, 4865, June 1, 4884;

Champaign, June 8, 4894.

M. plantaginis, Ces.

Amphigenous. Spots usually small, sometimes effused and

large; aecidia collected in little groups or loosely scattered,



Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 233

short-cylindrical, little or not at all recurved; spores subglo-

bose or elliptical, tuberculate, 18-21 /u; spermagonia seldom

found, mostly preceding the aecidia. scattered over the spot on

either side of leaf.

On Planfago Virginica: Union, April 15, 4106, 4126,

April 17. 4184, April 26, 4305. April 27, 4833; Jackson, April

19, 4180, April 28, 4361; Johnson, May 18, 4667.

The determination of this species was made from the speci-

men in Raveners Fungi Americani, No. 483.

M. lysimachise, (Schl. ) Wallr.

Hypophyllous (also on the petioles). Spots distinct, yel-

lowish, scarcely thickened: a?cidia somewhat circinate, short,

the recurved border very narrow; spores subglobose, epispore

thick, conspicuously tuberculate. 21-24 by 22-27 ;tt; spermago-

nia few, central, above.

On Lijsimacltia ciliata: McLean, June 1, 4882.

The above description is taken from specimens on Lijsinia-

cJtia riJiafa, and agrees, save in the irregularly circinate arrange-

ment of the ajcidia, with the specimens in Rabenhorst's Fungi

Europa^i, No. 891. A specimen from Wisconsin on L. lanceo-

lata is distinct, especially in the characteristics of the spores,

but otherwise as well. It is not known what the Schweinitziau

^cidium Igsimachice is. If the same as SchlectendaVs Cwonta

lijsimachioi. the second authority for the name should be

Schweinitz; if different, the question arises as to which name

shall be allowed to stand. At all events there does not seem

to be good reason for writing, as is sometimes done, j^cidimn

hjsimachia', Lk.

M. pentstemonis, Schw.

Hypophyllous. Spots definite, purple, yellow-bordered,

usually small, somewhat thickened; eecidia clustered, short, the

deeply recurved border rather coarsely split; spores subglobose,

inconspicuously tuberculate. 18-21 ,"; spermagonia few, cen-

tral in the spots on both sides of leaf.

On Pentstemon pubescens: Union, April 16, 5014 (Earle),

April 17, 4188; Johnson, May 12. 4645, May 16, 4698.



234 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

iE. lycopi, Gerard.

Hypogenous. Spots circular, distinct, or more or less con-

fluent, scarcely thickened, purplish brown ; gecidia on the leaves

mostly circinate, often in a single circular row, sometimes, by

the confluence of the spots, loosely and irregularly scattered,

on the petioles and stems irregularly crowded, short, recurved

border abrupt and much torn; spores subglobose, epispore thin,

tuberculate, 15-19 i^; spermagonia few, centrally clustered

above, reddish brown.

Spots yellow ; subiculum more or less thickened
;

peridia short,

scattered or crowded, margin crenate; spores pale yellow.— Peck, 26

Rep. N. Y. Mus., p. 78.

On Lycopns Eiiropams: Pulaski, May 2, 4424.

Differs from Gerard's description in the arrangement of

the secidia, and less swollen spots.

M. myosotidis, Burrill.

Hypogenous. ^Ecidia uniformly distributed over the leaf,

mostly somewhat densely crowded, rather large, somewhat
prominent, the recurved border wide and rather coarsely divid-

ed ; spores subglobose or elliptical, epispore thick, conspicuously

tuberculate, 15-18 by 18-22 fi; spermagonia numerous, uni-

formly scattered over both surfaces of the leaf, reddish yellow.

On Myosotis verna : Union, April 12, 4026, 4029, April 13,

4067, April 17, 4132, April 26, 4306; Jackson, April 27, 4343,

April 28, 4364.

The distribution of the secidia is decidedly different from

that of .^cidium asperifolU., Pers., as described, as well as from

the specimens at hand, and similarly different from those

named ^cidium lycopsidis., Desv., ^E. Uthospermi, Thiim., and

jE. symphyti, Thiim. The three last are made synonyms of the

first by Winter, and all are said to be the secidia of Pnccinia

rnhigo-vera. The latter is common in Illinois in wide areas

where Myosotis does not occur, and no other species of Borragi-

nacew has been observed infested with the jEcidium.

jE. hydrophylli, Peck.

Hypophyllous. Spots conspicuous, distinct, yellowish;

aecidia subcircinate, short, recurved border rather wide and



Parasitic Fiiw/i of Illinois. 235

deeply divided; spores subglobose, epispore thin, smooth or

nearly so, 18-21 i*; spermagonia numerous, scattered over the

central area of the spot above.

Spots small, few, yellow, with a pale greenish border ; subiculum

thickened, whitish, peridia few, generally crowded, short, the margin

snbcrenate' spores bright yellow or orange; spermagonia central, on

the opposite side.—Peck, 2(i Rep. N. Y. Mus. p. 78.

On Hydrophyllmn appendic iilaf i( )n : McLean, July 20, 5600.

M. polemonii, Peck.

Hypophyllous. Spots usually distinct, yellowish brown,

border effused; gecidia irregularly clustered, usually about a free

central area, short, recurved border wide and rather coarsely

divided; spores subglobose or elliptical, often angular, epispore

thick, conspicuously tuberculate, 18-21 by 21-25
i*-; spermago-

nia few, central, on both surfaces.

Spots suborbicular, pallid or greenish-yellow, sometimes confluent

;

peridia hypophyllous, crowded, short; spores globose or subellipti-

cal, bright orange, .0008-.001 of an inch in diameter, minutely rough;

spermagonia central on both sides of the leaf.—Peck, Bot. Gaz., Vol. IV.

p. 230.

On Polemonium reptans: McLean, May 29, 4807. Phlox

pilosa : McLean, May 31, 4851.

iE. solani, Mont.

Hypogenous. ^cidia uniformly, usually densely, distrib-

uted in patches over the leaf-surface, short, friable, soon be-

coming pulverulent; spores subglobose or elliptical, often

angular, epispore rather thick, obscurely tuberculate, 13-15 by

15-21 fi; spermagonia very abundant, hypophyllous, scattered

over extended patches with or without aecidia, comparatively

large, honey-yellow.

On Phijsalis viscosa: Urbana, 111., May 30 (A.D. 1879),

T. J. Burrill.

There is a Puccinia physalidis, Peck, from Colorado, of

which the above may be the aecidial form, but so far as known
the Puccinia has not been collected east of the Mississippi.



236 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

M. apocyni, Schw. ?

Undeveloped.

On Ajjocynum cannabintim: McLean, June 14, 4977.

M. Jamesianum, Peck.

Amphigenous, on the leaves more abundant beneath.

Spots circular, distinct, or often confluent, on the leaves some-

what, and on the stems much swollen; ascidia subcircinate or

irregularly crowded, short, pseudoperidium fragile, soon becom-

ing pulverulent; spores subglobose or elliptical, epispore very

thick, conspicuously and densely tuberculate, the tubercles

often united in short irregular ridges, 21-36 by 24-45 ^, usu-

ally about 30 by 39 jtt; spermagonia numerous, scattered or cen-

trally clustered above, nearly black.

On Asckpias Cornuti: McLean, May 26, 4799, June 1, 4886,

June 19, 5264, June 23, 5277, July 14, 5535, July 17, 5582.

Occurs on stems, petioles and midribs, forming swellingS;

and on both sides of the leaf, being most plentiful on the lower

surface. It is very destructive, eating holes in leaves and

stems. The spores are very remarkable for size, marking and

thickness (5 ^) of epispore.

There is a different JEcidium on Asckpias Cornuti, speci-

mens of which were received from E. W. Hoiway, Decorah,

Towa, labeled ^. Jamesianuni.

M. fraxini, Schw.

Hypogenous, occurring especially along the veins and upon

the leaf-j^talks. Spots definite, swollen, often purple; ascidia

more or less densely clustered, few or many, elongate, cylindri-

cal, tardily lacerated, but ultimately deeply split and recurved;

spores elliptical, epispore thin, tuberculate, 21-24 by.24-32 ;«.;

spermagonia rather numerous, scarcely elevated, on the upper

side of leaf, scattered over central area of the spot.

On Fraxiniis viridis: Champaign, June 8, 4915, June 10,

4954; LaSalle, June 21, 5252; McLean, June 24, 5279, July 5,

2427.



Parasitic Fimrji of Illinois. 237

^. pustulatum, Curtis.

Hypogenous. Spots small, reddish yellow, thickened;

ascidia rather densely crowded, often in a small circle with a

vacant centre, short, rather finely split and recurved; spores

subglobose, inconspicuously tuberculate, 16-21 ft; spermagonia

few, yellowish, epiphyllons, difficult to make out.

Spots small, yellowish, sometimes stained with red, thickened, often

concave above, convex below
;
peridia short, subcrowded, often forming

a circle about a free central space ;spores pale orange, subglobose,

.00066-.00083 in. in diameter.—Peck, 23 Rep. N. Y. State Mus., p. 60.

On Comandra umhellata : McLean, May 20, 4717, May 25,

4782, May 29, 4804, May 30, 4827, 4850; Champaign, June 10,

4955.

M. euphorbiae, Gmel.

Hypophyllous. ^Ecidia uniformly scattered over the en-

tire surface, short, the narrowly recurved border soon becoming

pulverulent; spores subglobose to oblong, often irregular and

angular, epispore rather thick, tuberculate, 12-15 by 15-24 n\

spermagonia scattered among the lecidia or none, not found on

the upper side of leaf.

On leaves of Euphorhia polygonifolia: Ravenswood, near

Chicago, Oct. 11, 1883, J. C. Arthur. E. hypericifolia: Adams,

June 29, 5350, July 6, 5430; McLean, July 7, 2432, July 27,

2431, Oct. 6, 1801; Tazewell, July 22, 2430; Piatt, Aug. 27,

1106. E. mnculata: Kane, Aug. 30, 1374; McHenry, Sept. 1,

1414; Boone, Sept. 2, 1420; LaSalle, Sept. 16, 1548, 1549;

Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1617, Sept. 24, 1651. E. dentata: Adams,

July 6, 5428; Ogle, Sept. 26, 6182.

This occurs with TJi'omyres euphorbia', in Nos. 1064, 1548,

1616, 2353, and 5428. The genetic connection has not been

ascertained for our plants.

Persoon is often given as the authority for this name, but

in his Syn. Fung., p. 211, he refers to Gmelin as the author.

^E. Euphorhice-hypericifolice., Schw., is probably a synonym.

M. crotonopsidis, Burrill.

Hypogenous, occurring upon the cotyledons, and less com-

monly on the caulicle and lower leaves. Spots distinct, dark-



238 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

colored, the affected cotyledons soon yellow; aecidia not numer-

ous, irregularly clustered, short-cylindrical, becoming coarsely

divided and widely spreading, pseudoperidium thin but firm;

spores irregular, mostly elliptical, epispore rather thick, tuber-

culate, 12-15 by 15-18 i^; spermagonia very few^ scattered,

above.

On Crotonopsis linearis: Johnson, May 12, 4648, May 13,

4662, May 16, 4701.

iE. urticse, Schum.

Hypophyllous. Spots distinct, brown, border yellow; secidia

densely clustered, short, the narrow border abruptly turned,

finely divided; spores sul)globose, epispore rather thin, sparsely

tuberculate, 15-21
i*,\ spermagonia minute, scattered, on the

upper side of spot, reddish brown.

On TJrtica: Warsaw, 111., June 27, coll. C. A. Hart.

M. smilacis, Schw.

Hypophyllous. Spots large, circular, somewhat effused,

pale yellowish, somewhat thickened; aecidia irregularly scat-

tered or crowded, short, recurved border wide and rather

coarsely divided; spores irregular, mostly angular, elliptical to

oblong, epispore thick, conspicuously tuberculate, 15-18 by

18-22 ;it; spermagonia rather numerous, scattered, mostly

above, honey-yellow.

On Smilax herhacea: Ravenswood, near Chicago, June 29

(1883), J. C. Arthur.

M. trillii, Burrill.

Hypophyllous. Spots distinct or somewhat confluent, cir-

cular, effused, yellowish; aecidia densely aggregated around a

free central circular space, sometimes with a more or less dis-

tinct outer circle later in development, short, pseudoperidium

thin, fragile, soon after opening becoming pulverulent; spores

subglobose, epispore very thin, smooth, 19-24 /t; spermagonia

very numerous, rather prominent, scattered, central, on both

sides of leaf.

On Trillium recurvatum: Union, April 24, 4251.

Differs from JE. conrallarice in the more fragile and fuga-

cious aecidia, and in the smooth, very much thinner epispore.



Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 239

^. convallarise, Schum.

Hypophyllous. Spots distinct, or more or less confluent,

lemon-yellow, scarcely thickened; a^cidia loosely clustered, ir-

regular or subcircinate, short-cylindrical, recurved border nar-

row and abruptly turned; spores subglobose or oval, sometimes

angular, epispore thick, conspicuously tuberculate, 21-24 by

24-30 ^; spermagonia numerous, scattered over the central

area of the spot on both surfaces, dark reddish brown.

On Smilacina: McLean, May 26, 4797. S. stellata: Mc-

Lean, June 1, 4885; LaSalle, June 19, 5224. S. raceniosa:

McLean, May 31, 4861, 4862.

RCESTELIA, RebeNT.

Spo.ies one-celled, in chains or vertical rows, without pedi-

cels: sorus enclosed in an elongated, usually tapering, pseudo-

peridiura, which protrudes far through the ruptured epidermis

of the host, and which becomes deeply split and fringed; with

spermagonia. On species of Pomece.

-Ecidia usually hypophyllous, lower part sunk in the swollen tissues

of the leaves, forming above cylindrical, conical, or oblong projections,

which are often split and fringed in the upper part, peridium composed

of large colorless cells, spores brownish or orange-colored, subglobose

when mature, formed in moniliform rows. Spermagonia punctiform,

forming minute dark-colored pustules in discolored spots on the upper

surface of the leaves. Mycelium infesting the leaves and stems of differ-

ent Pomeie.—Farlow, Gymnosporangia of the U. S. p. 24.

The forms included here are now supposed to be (like those

oi^'Eridiinn) mere stages of development of other teleutospor-

ous species, and perhaps all belong to Gymnosporang ium. The

genetic connection of the forms placed in these two genera was

first shown by Oersted, of Denmark, in 1865, who satified him-

self, by artificially sowing the spores, of the relationship exist-

ing. His conclusions have since been confirmed by DeBary in

Germany, Cornu in France, and Cramer in Switzerland; but

nothing conclusive has been ascertained in our country save

from the effects in nature of the proximity of the different hosts

and their parasites. Professor Farlow's artificial cultures (The

Gymnosporangia of the United States, p. 32. etc. ) gave not only



240 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

negative results, but served to throw doubt upon previous con-

clusions. In Illinois one species only of Gymnosporangium has

been collected (from Juniperus Virginiana), and wherever this

has been observed near apple orchards the latter have been

strikingly infested with Rmstelia. Unfortunately the specific

type of the latter— from anatomical characteristics— cannot

be confidently given at the time of this writing. It seems to

be B. lacerata.

R. lacerata, (Sow.) Fr.

^cidia hypophyllous, sometimes on the stems and young

fruit, seated on the yellow pulvinate thickening of the leaves,

slender, cylindrical or somewhat subulate, recurved, densely

clustered, 5-30 together; peridia yellowish white, rather deli-

cate, soon splitting and becoming fimbriate, the divisions not

extending to the base of the peridium; cells of peridium nar-

row, 20 IX broad by 55-72 ^ long; spores brownish, roundish-

oblong, surface finely granulated, 19-24 jx in diameter. Sper-

magonia in yellowish spots on the upper surface of the leaves.

(Farlow, Gymnosporangia of the U. S., p. 30.)

On leaves of Cratcegns tomentosa : Lee, Sept. 8, 5715; La-

Salle, Sept. 13, 1509; Union, Oct. 31, 2141. C. tomentosa, var.

mollis: Piatt, Aug. 17, 1122; LaSalle, Sept. 13, 1510, Sept. 13,

1528; JoDaviess, Sept. 18, 5980; Ogle, Sept. 26, 6193. C. to-

mentosa, var.: Piatt, Aug. 17, 1113; LaSalle, Sept. 12, 1472.

C. coccinea: Kane, Aug. 30, 1385.

R. penicillata, (Sow.) Fr.

Same as B. lacerata, but 9ecidia smaller and frequently con-

centrically arranged, peridia splitting to the base, the divisions

very numerous, revolute, fimbriate, formed of one or more rows

of cells. (Farlow, Gymnosporangia of the U. S., p. 30.)

On leaves of Pyriis coronaria: Tazewell, July 22, 2433,

2436; McLean, Aug. 1, 2435; Champaign, Aug. 13, i042; Piatt,

Aug. 16, 1082; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1161, Aug. 27, 1334; Lee,

Sept. 8, 5714; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5838: LaSalle, Sept. 14,

1522; JoDaviess, Sept. 15, 5910; Rock Island, Sept. 23, 1631.



Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 241

Peridermium, Link.

Spores one-celled, in chains or vertical rows, without pedi-

cels; sorus inclosed in a variously-shaped pseudoperidium, which

protrudes through the ruptured substratum and bursts irregu-

larly: with spermagonia. On Con ifera'.

This so-called genus is composed of probable ascidioforms

of Melampsora. Chrysomyxa and CoJeosporium species. The

mycelium is. however, perennial in the bark and medullary

rays of coniferous trees, from which the fruit-form may be an-

nually produced during seventy or more years,— the parts of

the host in the meantime becoming variously deformed, and the

growth more or less seriously reduced.

Not yet observed in Illinois.

Endophyllum, Lkyeille.

Spores one-celled, produced in chains or vertical rows,

without pedicels, the sorus inclosed in a pseudo])eridiuni im-

mersed in tlue substratum: with spermagonia.

This genus was at first separated from jEcidium only on

account of the immersed pseudoperidia. which, unlike those of

the latter genus, do not protrude through the ruptured epider-

mis to form a separate cup-like organ; but later investigations

have shown that the sjiores in germination emit a true promy-

celium bearing sporidia. altogether similar to the germination-

development of the teleutospores of Piicrinia and the other

genera of UrecJinea'. The mycelium in the newly affected plant

survives the winter and fruits the next spring.

Xo species yet observed in Illinois. They may be looked

for on various species of Crassuhice<v. and perhaps on those of

Eiip}torhi((cea\



GLOSSARY

^cidioform, xcidiostage, the first of the alternating fruit forms of numer-
ous species of Uredinea\

vEcidiospoi-e>>, the spores of a^cidia.

^cidium (pi. xcidia), a generic name ; also the cup-like organ character-

istic of the genus.

Amphigenous, produced on various parts of a plant, especially on both

sides of leaves.

Apiciilate, furnished with an apiculus.

Ajnculm, a short terminal point.

Ascus (pi. asd), a spore sack or case, formed of a single cell, from the

protoplasm of which the spores are produced.

Ballatc, puckered or crinkled ; said of leaves in which the veins seem
too short or too near together for the intervening substance.

Capitate, having a somewhat globular head.

Cauline, pertaining to the stem.

Circinate, coiled like a watch spring, often used to indicate a circular ar-

rangement.

Clavate, gradually thickened upward, club-shaped.

Confluent, united, running together.

Constricted, pinched or drawn in.

Cotyledon!^, the seed-leaves of plants.

Cuneate, cuneiform, wedge-shaped.

Echinulate, closely beset with little sharp-poinied prickles.

Effused, poured out, spreading.

Epigenous, produced upon or above, usually used synonymously with

epiphyllous.

Epiphyllous, on the upper side of leaves.

Erumpent, breaking out, or bursting through.

Exsiccati, dried specimens.

FeDiients, living organisms capable of changing, by their processes of nu-

trition, the chemical composition of organic substances.

Ferruginous, rust-colored.

Fimbriated, fringed.

Flarescent, growing yellow, yellowish.

Fugacious, early falling off.

Fuscescent, approaching fuscous or dark brown.

Fuscous, dark brown.

Globose, nearly spherical.



244 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Grumulose, like clustered grains.

Host, the supporting plant, that upon which a parasite lives.

Hyaline, glass-like, transparent.

Hymenium, fruit producing surface.

Hypha (pi. hyphx), a tilament of a fungus. The vegetative hyphse taken

in quantity are called the mycelium.

HypogenoKS, produced below.

Hypophylloua, growing from the under side of leaves.

Innate, growing inside or inclosed.

Laciniate, cut-fringed.

Lutescent, pale yellow.

Mucronate, abruptly pointed with a spine.

Mycelium, the vegetative filaments of fungi.

Nuclear, pertaining to a nucleus.

Nucleus, a difierentiated portion of the protoplasm of a cell.

Pallescent, approaching pallid.

Pallid, of a pale undecided color.

Papilla, a small obtuse protuberance.

Papillate, covered with papillse.

Paraphysea, sterile elongated organs bordering a sorus, or distributed

among the spores.

Parasite, one living upon and drawing its sustenance from another.

Parasitic, having the characteristics of a parasite.

Parenchyma, a tissue of thin walled cells, mostly somewhat spherical.

Parenchymatous, composed of parenchyma.

Pathogenic, disease producing.

Pedicel, a foot stalk, the stem of a spore.

Peduncle, a stalk, sometimes used for the stem of a spore, but more com-

monly as the main stalk of a flower or flower cluster.

Peridium, a wrapper or covering. The membranous vessel inclosing the

spores in JEcidium is usually called a pseudoperidium, but for

brevity the former is sometimes used.

Pilose, thinly covered with hairs which are long and weak.

Promycelium, the germinal filament of a teleutospore upon which spor-

idia are borne.

Pseudoperidium, a false peridium, the cup of Moidium.

Pseudopodia, false feet.

Pulverulent, powdery, covered with dust.

Pulvinate, cushion-like.

Punctate, dotted.

Recurved, bent backwards or outwards.

Reflexed, bent abruptly backwards or outwards.

Reticulately, in a net-like manner.

Rufous, red-brown.

Saprophyte, a plant living on dead organic matter.

Septate, divided by one or more partitions.

Septum (pi. septa), a partition wall.



Glossary. 245

(Sor?(.s, a spore cluster, or sometimes a cluster of spore cases.

Spadiccous, a bright clear brown.

Spermagonia, minute cysts or capsules containing spermatia.

Spermatia, exceedingly minute bodies produced like spores, and proba-

bly under certain circumstances capable of germination, produced

in spermagonia.

Spores, a general term applied to the reproductive bodies of cryptogamous

i:)lants, differing from a seed in having no embryo.

SporkUa, reproductive bodies borne upon a promycelium, or as some-

times used, the spores j)roduced in asci.

Sterigtna (pi. sterigmala), foot-stalks of spores, usually applied to those of

very minute size.

Strin', longitudinal lines or marks.

Striate, having strife.

Subiculum, the modified tissue of the host penetrated by the mycelium
of a parasite.

Subulate, awl-shaped.

Telcutoforiii, the last or final fruit-form in the alternating generations of

Urediiu'ir.

Teleatospore, the last spore of a series, the final spore.

Testaceous, brick-color, brownish yellow, orange yellow with much gray.

Tubercle, a small obtuse prominence.

Turbinate, top-shaped.

Uredo, a generic name, also one of the fruit-forms of Uredineir, next be-

fore the teleutospore.

Uredoform, uredospore, see Uredo.

Verrucose, covered with little warts.

Vertex, the upper extremity, here applied to the whole top of a spore,

while apex designates the point only.

//, one thousandth of a millimetre, about one twenty-five thousandth of

an inch.

I., II., III., the first, second and third forms of the fungus; or a-cidium,

uredo and teleutoform.



Errata. 247

EEEATA

Page 142, line 18 fruiij bottom, for insiduous read insidious.

Page 163, line 12, for Rudbeckise read rudbeckise.

Page 167. line 7, for 25-23 ,tt read 25-32 /t; line 15, for

spharganii read sparganii : line 5 from bottom, for ery-

theronii read erythronii.

Page 169, line 10. for acuminatus read acuminata.

Page 172, line 1, for circew read circcew; line 3, for Cda.

read Car.; for aculeafa read podophylli; line 4, aiter Jiosadoso-

nmi insert Roehl.

Page 173, lines 5 and 6 from bottom, for parencliymentous

read parencbymatous.

Page 175, line 18 from bottom, for densey read densely.

Page 179, line 15 from bottom, for Proserpinacea read

Proserpinaca ; line 9 from bottom, for 24-66 ^ read 24-36 y-.

Page 180, line 4, for marked read naked.

Page 181, line 5. for 23-45 /tt read 30-45 f^.\ line 18 from

bottom, for ^Echhim read .Ecidiuni; line 3 from bottom, for

Kuhnise read kuhnise.

Page 182, line 10, for eupaforiodes read eupatorioides.

Page 183, line 4 from bottom, for 25 read 24.

Page 184. line 9, for 169 read 180.

Page 198. line 9 from bottom, for phragmites read

phragmitis.



INDEX TO HOST PLANTS.

Abies 212

Acorus calamus 167

Actioa 223

Agiimonia Eupatoria 220

parviflora 220

Agrostis vulgaris 198

Aletris farinosa 195

Allium striatum 168

Ambrosia 231

trilida 185, 231

Amorpha canescens 177

fruticosa 177

Amphicarpa'a monoica 226

Andropogon 199, 203

furcatus 199, 203

scoparius 199, 203

Anemone cylindrica 172

nemorosa 222

Pennsylvanica 222

Virginiana 172

Apocynum cannabinum 286

Apple 144, 145, 154

Arisamia dracontium 166

triphyllum 166

Asclepias corn uti 1 63, 236

incarnata 164

tuberosa 164

Aster 183, 216, 230

miser , 183

Novffi-Anglije 183

sagittifolius 183, 216, 230

Shortii 183

Barberry 145, 154

Bidens 232

frondosa 232

Blepbilia hirsuta 190, 191

BorraginaceiB 234

Buckthorn 154

Calystegia sepium 193

Carex ]95

Cephalanthus occidentalis 229

Cereals 198

Circaja alpina 180

Lutetiana 179, 180

Cirsium 1S7

discolor 187

lanceolatum 187

Claytonia Yirginica 175

Compositfe 151, ]30

Comandra umbellata 211, 237

Conifene 241

Conoclinium c(«lestinum 182

Crassulaceai 241

Cratiegus coccinea 240

tomentosa 240

rar. mollis 240

var 240

Croton capitatum 213

monanthogynus 213

procumbens 213

Crotonopsis linearis 213, 238

Cunila Mariana 190

Cupressina; 209

Cynthia Virginica 188

Desmodium 160

Canadense 160

cuspidatum 160

paniculatum 159

rotundifolium 160

Dicentra cucullaria 223

Diodia teres 163, 228

Dulichium spathaceum 196

Elepbantopus 217

Carolinianus 216

Elodes Virgini(;a 157, 158

Elymus Virginicus 170, 200



250 Illinois State Btihoratorij of Natural History.

Epilobium angustifolium 213

coloratum 213

montanum 213

roseum 213

Eragrostis pectinacea 201

Erigeron annuum 230

bellidifolium 229

Canadense 229

Philadelphicum 230

Erythronium 168

Eupatorium 231

ageratoides 181

perfoliatum 231

Euphorbia 165

dentata 165, 237

heterophylla 165

h ypericifolia 165, 237

maculata 165, 237

polygonifolia 237

Euphorbiacese 241

Fraxinus viridis 236

Galium concinnum 181

triflorum 181

(Jentiana puberula 193

Geranium maculatuni 224

Gilia 192

Gooseberrj^ cultivated 227

Grasses 154, 169, 170, 198

Hedysarum paniculatum 160

Helianthus 185, 186, 217, 232

annuus 185

decapetalus 185

mollis 185

rigidus 185

Hepatica triloba 222, 223

Hibiscus militaris 224

Hieraceumi 187

Canadense 187

Hordeum jubatum 198

Houstonia cosrulea 229

Hydrangea'arborescens 219

Hydrophyllum appendicula-

tum 235

Hypericum 157

mutilum 157, 158

Impatiens 176, 225

fulva 176

Impatiens — [continued)

pallida 176

Ipomoea lacunosa 217

Nil 217, 218

pandurata 217, 218

Juncus tenuis 168

Juniperus Virginiana 210, 240

Kuhnia eupatorioides 182

Lactuca 232

Canadensis 232

Lathyrus ochroleucus 161

palustris 161

venenosus 161

LeguminoscE 209

Lespedeza capitata 161

hirta 161

procumbens 160, 226

repens 160

violacea 161

Lobelia puberula 188

syphilitica 188

Lophanthus nepetoides .....'.... 191

Lycopus Europajus 234

Lysimachia ciliata 233

lanceolata 233

Mentha 190

Canadensis 190

Mitella diphylla 178

Monarda Bradburiana 190

fistulosa 190

punctata 190

Muhlenbergia 197

Myosotis 234

verna 234

Oats 154, 198, 200, 201

CEnothera biennis 227, 228

linifolia 162, 227

Osmorrhiza 180

brevistylis 180

longistylis 180

Panicum 201

capillare 201

crus-galli 202

pubescens 201

virgatum 170, 201

Peltandra Virginica 166

Pentstemon pubescens 233



Index to Host Plants. 251

Phaenogams 152

Phaseolus diversifolius 162

helvolus 162

vulgaris 162

Phlox pilosa 235

divaricatu 192

Phragmites communis 199

Physalis viscosa 235

Piuus 212

Pistacea 159

Plantago Virginica 233

Podophyllum peltatum 173

Polemonium reptans 235

Polygonum acre 194

iiviculare, car. erectum 164

aniphibium 194

Pennsylvanicum 194

ramosissimum 164

Virginianum 194

Pomeje 210, 239

Populus monilifera 214

tremuloides 214

Potentilla 204

Canadensis 205

Proserpinaca palustris 179

Prunus Americana 177, 178

serotina 177, 178

Yirginiana 177

Psoralea floribunda 226

Onobrychis 225

Ptelea trifoliata 225

Pycnanthemum lauceolatum.. 190

linifolium 190

pilosum 190

Pyruscoronaria 240

Ranunculus abortivus 222

repens 173

Red cedar 145, 154

Rhus 159

toxicodendron 158

Ribes rotundifolium 227

Rosa 204, 207

Rosaceae 204

Rose 206

Rubus 204

occidentalis 220, 221

Rubus— (continued,)

strigosus 207

villosus 178, 208, 220, 221

Rudbeckia laciniata 163

Ruellia ciliosa 189

strepens 189

Rye 200

Sambucus canadensis 228

Salix 214

cordata 214

longifolia 214

Scirpus atrovirens 197

fluviatilis 169

validus 196

Sedges 154

Senecio 215

Seymeria macrophylla 189

Sida spinosa 175

Silphium 231

integrifolium 184, 217, 231

laciniatum 231

perfoliatum 184

terebinthinaceum 184, 217, 231

Hmilacina 239

racemosa 239

stellata 239

Smilax herbacea 238

hispida 195

Solidago 217, 230

altissima 216, 230

csesia 230

Canadensis 216

gigantea — 217

latifolia 216, 230

rigida 230

ulmifolia 216

Sonchus arvensis 216

Spartina cynosuroides 169, 199

Sparganium eurycarpum 167

Sunflower 151

Taraxacum 187

dens-leonis 187

Te])hrosia Virginiana 209

Tricuspis seslerioides 201

Trillium recurvatum 288

Urtica 238



252 Illinois State Lahorniorij of Natural History.

Vaccinium 212

Vascular cryptogams 152

Vernonia 217

fasciculata 186, 216

Viola 174

cucullata 174, 224

delphinifolium 224

pubescens 174

Viola— {contintuxl,)

striata 174

Wheat 143, 145, 148, 154, 198,

199, 200

Xanthium 231

strumariiim 185, 231

Zea Mays 203

INDEX TO SPECIES

MciDiVM, 148, 155, 2^4, 219, 221,

230, 236, 239, 241

actsete 223

anemones 222

apocyni 236

asi)erifolii 234

asterafurn 230

asterum 230

calystegiiB 192

cephalanthi 228

Claytoniakim 175

columnare 212

compositarum 230

convallaria? 238, 239

crotonopsidis 237

dicentric 223

diodiae 228

duhium 192

epilobii 227

ewgeronatum 229

euphorbias 165, 237

Euphorblae-hypercifoliaj... 237

fraxini 236

j^eranii 224

graminis., 148

grossulariie 227

helianthi-mollis 230

hibisciatum 224

houstoniatum 229

hydrophylli 234

^cidlum— {continued,)

impatientis 224

Jamesianum 236

leucospermum 222

leucostictum 226

lithospermi 234

luminatum 221

lycopi 234

lycopsidis 234

. lysimachiaj 233

Marife-Wiisoni 223

myosotidis 234

nitens 221

(^enothene 227

onobrychidis 225

orobi 226

pentsteinonis 233

Petersii 224

plantaginis 232

podophylU 173

polemonii 235

psoraleie 225

ptelea 225

punctatum 222

pustulatum 237

quadrifidwn 222

ranunculacearum 221

ranunculi 222

sambuci 228

smilacis 238

A



Index to Species. 253

.Ecidiuni — (co)diiuicd,)

solani

solidaginis

symphy ti

feiiue

tnicheliifoliatum 2;!0,

trillii

urticpe

verbesime

violx

violse

AscoBOLUs furfuraceus

Autopuccinia

CiEOMA..155, 204, 215, 218, 219,

agrimoniie 219,

Ari Virginid

C/aytoniatum
elephantopodis

lummatum
lijsimachiw ,

miniata

- nitens 17S,

Ca/yptui^pora

Gd'ppertiatia

ChkysomYX

A

150, 2 18,

CoLEOSPOKIUM....15(), 215, 219,

compoiiitaruin

ipomcEte

miniainm

ochraceum

senecionis

SoUdaginis

sonchi-arvensis

Vt'rnoniu'

OkONARTI UM 150,

asclepiadeum, var. thesii ..

comandraj

Darluca filum

Diai'oma

DoTHiDEA solidaginis

EXDOI'HYLLUM 154,

Eup uccinia

GYMNOSPORANGIUM....155, 209,

macropus 144,

285

230

234

181

2ol

238

238

231

174

224

158

171

220

220

100

175

217

221

233

207

120

212

212

241

220,

241

217

217

207

220

215

217

215

217

211

211

211

108

178

217

241

171

239,

240

210

Hemipucciida o

Heteropuccinia

Lecythea 177,

Leptopwcinia

Mklampsora 150, 177, 211,

Blglowii

vapreanum

crotonis

epilobii

( loeppertiana

Hartigii

laedusie

populina

salicina

vitellimv

MelampsorcUa

Micropuccinia

Pkridermium 155, 212,

abietinum

balsameuiii

colmnnare

pini

PHRAGMIDIUM...155, 171, 204,

219,

t'lagaria^

Hedysari

mucroiiatum 205,

rubi

rubi-ida?i

speciosum

triarticulatam

Phragiiiospora 212,

Pileolaria

brevipea 158,

Podisoma

Pu(,ciNiA...148, 151, 153, 155,

170. 176, 177, 178,

208, 218, 221,

acideala

aletridis

- amorplut'

androi:)Ogi 1 9y

,

anemones-virginiaiue..l71,

angustata

unindinacea.

arandinarin'.

171

171

218

171

241

214

214

213

212

212

214

214

214

214

214

212

171

241

218

212

212

215

200,

221

204

100

207

208

207

206

205

213

158

159

210

157,

194,

241

173

194

170

202

172

190

199

199



254 Illinois State Lahomtory of Natural Historij.

Puccinia— {continued,)

asteris 163, 172, 182

caricina 190

caricis 172, 195

centaureee 182

cliPL'i'ophylli 180

circse* 171, 179

cirsii 187

compositarum 187

conoclinii 182

convolvuli 192

coronata 170, 200

Ellisiana 203

— emaculata 198, 201

__ flaccida 202

. flosculosorum 172, 186

galiorum 180

gentianse 193

Gerardii 183, 184

glech07nx 191

glechoruatis 191

graminis 145, 146, 148, 172,

197, 200

Hedysari paniculati 160

helianthi 151, 186

heterospora 175

hieracii 187

hyssopi 191

Kuhniie 181

lateripes 189

Lespedezx polys'achyx 161

Lespedezie procumbent is 161

lobelue 188

maculosa 188

Marhe-Wilsoni 174

maydis 172, 203

menthte 172, 189

var. Americana 191

microsperma 188

mucronata 206

var. Rosx 206

myrrlm 180

nolitangeris 176

obtecta 196

osmorrhizse 180

_ Peckiana 178, 221

Puccinia— (continued,)

phragmites 198

pliysalidis 235

pimpinellse 180

plumbaria 191

tar. phlogina 192

podophylli 172, 173

polygoni 165

polygoni-amphibii 193

Polygoni-AviculariiX 165

prenanthis 188

proserpinacse 178

pruni-spinosoe 172, 177

ranunculi 172

rubigo-vera 199, 200, 234

scirpi 172

seymeria; 188

silphii 184

smilacis 195

solida 172

sorghi 203, 204

straminis 200

striseformis 200

tanaceti 151, 172, 185

var. vernonise 186

tenuis 181

tiarellse 178

Tripolii 184

tripustulcUa 178

rariabilis 187

Vernoniie 186

veronicSB 189

violse 174

Wilcoxiana 192

windsoricB 197, 198

xanthii 184, 231

Pucciniopsis l7l

Ravenelia 155, 208

glandulseformis 209

glandulosa 209

indica 209

stictica 209

RoKSTELiA 155, 210, 239

lacerata 240

penicillata 240

Thekopsora 212



Index to Species. 255

Tnchobasis 164

Howei 164

crotonis 218

Tripiikagmium 155, 208

UREDINEyE...148, 150, 152, 155,

156, 208, 209, 210,

218, 241,

Ukedo 155, 204, 218, 210, 220,

227

agrimonia' 219, 220

appendiculata 162

var. phaseoli 162

Ari Virginid 166

Caladii 166

carids 196

elcphantopodia 217

Epilohii 213

Fabie 161

Jlosculosoi-inn 187

hydrangeas 219

ipoiiimc 217

miniata 207

Phragmitin 199

pudulatd 213

var. Epilohii 213

Rosse 206

rubigo-vera 200

Solidaginis 217

sondd'Cirvensiii 216, 217

terebinthi 159, 217

loxicodendri 159

Vidx Fabx 161

UKOMYCES..155, 156, 159, 169, 170,

171, 218, 221

acuminata 169

appendiculata 161

ArisivmiL- 166

Ari-Virginid 166

asdepiadis 164

Uromyces— (continued,)

Avicxdaiix 165

caladii 16(5

Desmodii 160

ervi 161

erythronii 167

euphorbiiB 165,^237

fabse 161

graminicola 170

hedysari-paniculati 159

Howei 163, 165

hyperici .•••• 157

junci 168, 170

rar. spartinse 169

lespedezse 160

oenotherse 162, 227

orobi 161

Peckianus 170

Peltandnv 1<>6

phaseoli 162

polygoni 164

Pontederiiv 16(5

prunorum 178

pidcherrima 175

pyriformis 167

rudbeckiae 163

scirpi 168

sparganii 167

spartinse 169, 170

spermacoces 163, 228

terebinthi 158

Thwaitesii 175

toxicodendri 158

triquetra 157, 158

vid.r. 161

vidic-fabx 161

Uropyxin amorplnv. 177

USTILAGINE.K 153



EKEATA.^^

Page 5, line 3 of table, second column, for 39 read 38 ; line 6, second
column for 121 read 120.

Page U, line 17. for conjunction read conjuyation.

Page 21, line 13, for Ricciaci<v read Ricciacea'.

Page 67, line 17 from bottom, for fraligifolia read fraqilifolia.

Page 123, line 4 from bottom, and page 12(5, line 1, for Tricholeoi read
TrichoGolea\

Page 126, line 2, for Tricholea read Trichocolea.

Page 177, line 16, for Lecythia read Lecythea.

Page 333, line 1, after Tachidius add Lilljeb.

Page 33S, under Daphnella brachyura, line 16, insert ffa6.—Massa-
chusetts (Birge), Minnesota (Herrick).

Page 340, line 5, for Hcapaoleberis read Seapholeberis.

Page 389, line 7 from bottom, for carjiogonium read sporocarp ; lines

9, 12, 15, for ojgonium read carpogonmm.
Page 391, line 1, for Cessatii read Cesatii.

Page 400, line 4, for Myceliumin conspicuous read Mycelium incon-

spicuous ; line 14, for coleosporium read Coleosporitun.

Page 401, line 9, for connatas read connnta; line 12, for Taraxicum
read Taraxacum.

Page 408, line 15, for macrocarpa read macrospora; line 18, for Hy-
pohyllous read Hypophyllous.

Pages 470 and 471, head of column 11, for cyprinella read cypri-

nellus.

Page 503, lines 8, 14, and 17, for cyprinella read cyprinellus.

For additional errata see page 247.