[{"id": "infactispax-1001", "words": "10561", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Redfering, Kristie; Georgakopoulos, Alexia", "title": "Teacher Training and Perceptions of Self Efficacy in Violence Prevention Approaches", "date": "2019", "keywords": "conflict; education; efficacy; outcome; prevention; programs; resolution; school; skills; students; teachers; teaching; training; use; variables; violence; violence prevention", "summary": "Pre-service teachers\u2019 perceived confidence in teaching school violence prevention. The vast majority of participants valued violence prevention: 96% believing preventing violence is important and 90% believing that teaching students violence prevention skills is important.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1002", "words": "9886", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Odote, Peterlinus; Nzomo, Maria", "title": "Role of Early Warning Systems in Conflict Prevention in Africa: A Framework", "date": "2019", "keywords": "action; africa; analysis; causes; conflict; conflict prevention; data; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; information; management; number; prevention; process; response; state; systems; volume; warning", "summary": "The concept of conflict early warning and early response entails monitoring when violence is about to befall and enhancing well-timed intervention to avert or avoid conflict. Coordination of conflict early warning and response is one very problematic yet delicate process.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1003", "words": "9761", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Nganga, Daniel", "title": "The Effects of Colonialism on Indigenous Conflict Resolution Systems Among Pokot and Turkana Communities", "date": "2019", "keywords": "colonialism; communities; community; conflict; conflict resolution; elders; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; indigenous; justice; management; number; peace; pokot; resolution; social; systems; turkana; volume; western", "summary": "Indigenous conflict resolution systems have roots as old as the tribes of people who crafted them. Family disputes, marital conflicts, intra and inter community conflicts were settled by the council of elders.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1004", "words": "1156", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "25", "author": "Adjei, Maxwell", "title": "Globalization and Militarism: Feminists Make the Link", "date": "2019", "keywords": "enloe; security; women", "summary": "While discussing the increasing number of women soldiers in the 21st century as reminiscent of an early globalized image of the modern woman \u2013 the \u201cNew Woman\u201d \u2013 in the 1910s and 1920s, Enloe cautions against the tendency to homogenize the experiences of all women soldiers. While they may seem loosely related on the first look, Cynthia Enloe\u2019s careful and nuanced analysis reveals how globalization and militarism are deeply intertwined processes, which collectively (re)produce gendered ideas about how men and women, boys and girls, should think and go about their daily activities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1005", "words": "2223", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Hajir, Basma", "title": "Peace Education Evaluation: Learning from Experience and Exploring Prospects", "date": "2019", "keywords": "chapter; education; evaluation; peace; volume", "summary": "Chapter 17 by Karen Ross draws on the scholarship of social activism and introduces a cogent argument for alternative approaches that can be used to expand an understanding of what success might look like in the field of peace education. Chapter 18 by Naghmeh Yazdanpanah sheds light on the blurred boundaries between education and evaluation and suggests that peace education itself is a constant evaluation of the quality of life.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1006", "words": "7036", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Finley, Laura; Esposito, Luigi; Johnson, Matthew", "title": "(Un)civil War: The Current Political Discourse in America", "date": "2018", "keywords": "august; democracy; factis; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; incivility; left; media; new; number; pax; people; president; right; supporters; trump; volume", "summary": "This paper explores the divisiveness of political incivility on the Right and the Left, framing it as a natural but disturbing consequence of neoliberal ideology that is hyper-focused on individuals and winning at all costs. A 2018 poll by Weber Shandwick, Powell Tate and KRC Research found that political incivility has become a \u201ccrisis,\u201d as 75 percent of respondents believe incivility is leading to political gridlock, 83 percent believe incivility leads to intolerance of free speech, and 93 percent believe it is important for the President of the United States to be civil (Shandwick & Powell 2018).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1007", "words": "10387", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Sarangi, Unmana", "title": "Global Peace Security and Conflict Resolution: An Assessment for Global Economic and Sustainable Development", "date": "2018", "keywords": "agreements; conflict; countries; economic; factis; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; international; new; number; pax; peace; policy; security; trade; u.s; united; volume; world", "summary": "The features of new In Factis Pax Volume 12 Number 2 (2018): 123-153 http://www.infactispax.org/journal 133 era of global trade need to take into account the following viz; (i) Over the past generation, building economic bridges between countries has helped reduce by half the proportion of the global population living in extreme poverty, (ii) Challenges in Global Trade for Promoting Global Peace Though global trade is exceedingly beautiful", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1008", "words": "3626", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Gerson, Janet", "title": "Honor, Humiliation, and Terror: An Explosive Mix \u2013 And How We Can Defuse It With Dignity", "date": "2018", "keywords": "dignity; education; honor; humiliation; lindner; number; peace; terror; volume", "summary": "The opera\u2019s scenario succinctly exemplifies what Evelin Lindner calls honor humiliation \u2013 the duty to retaliate. Due to the book\u2019s range, I will limit my focus to three areas: honor humiliation, dignity and its correlation to what Lindner has coined egalization, and the implications of Lindner\u2019s methodology for peace studies researchers and peace educators.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1009", "words": "3605", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Snauwaert, Dale", "title": "The Dialogical Turn: A Review Essay of Peacebuilding Through Dialogue: Education, Human Transformation, and Conflict Resolution", "date": "2018", "keywords": "dialogue; justice; number; peacebuilding; press; rawls; university; volume", "summary": "The subsequent chapters in the book explore the importance, meaning and potential applications of dialogue in three domains: 1) the conceptions of education as an active process of learning; 2) the interrelationship between internal dialogue and social transformation; and 3) the role of theory and practice of dialogue within the fields of conflict resolution, transformation and peacebuilding. In re- sponse, he outlines the design of two types of public dialogues he considers to be essential to establishing a public, civic infrastructure: Designed Public Dialogues and Ambient Dialogues.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1010", "words": "1198", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Badal, Adhik", "title": "Truth commissions: Memory, power, and legitimacy", "date": "2018", "keywords": "chapter; commission; tcs", "summary": "vi+315, $65.00 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0-8122-4762-6. Reviewed by Adhik Badal Kent State University abadal@kent.edu Truth commissions (TCs) have become the major political mechanisms to promote peace and social justice in transitional justice systems in post-war societies. Truth commissions: memory, power and legitimacy seeks to answer this question, while diagnosing numerous aspects of TCs: truth seeking, memory narrating and the politics of the commission.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1011", "words": "1186", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Alsadawi, Ayman", "title": "Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest", "date": "2018", "keywords": "media; movements; tufekci", "summary": "The author argues that networked movements, such as the Egyptian revolution of 2011, cannot be measured as success or failure based on traditional models of social movements (xiv). The book describes how technological affordances (actions a given technology facilitates or makes possible) are intertwined with culture, politics, and civics in social movements, which distinguish a movements capacity to carry out their objective.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1012", "words": "1211", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Kurian, Nomisha", "title": "Peace Education: International Perspectives", "date": "2018", "keywords": "book; chapter; education; peace", "summary": "Although peace education does not lack insightful research on non-Western contexts (see Bekerman & McGlynn, 2007; Burns & Aspeslagh, 1996), this book explores a striking variety of international settings. Its first section explores peace education in conflict and post-traumatic contexts, the second national landscapes, the third structures of violence and the fourth approaches and models for peace education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1013", "words": "8586", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Kester, Kevin", "title": "Coproducing Peace: Beyond Psychologized Approaches\u2014Toward a Transrational Onto-Epistemology and Dialogic Learning Community as the Foundations of Peace Education", "date": "2018", "keywords": "education; factis; kester; new; number; order; pax; peace; peace education; peacebuilding; reflexivity; research; theory; violence; volume", "summary": ", Keimyung University Abstract: This paper critically examines the underlying theoretical premises of the psycho-social peacebuilding agenda upon which much of peace education is founded. Overall, the paper is positioned within educational sociology, theoretically informed by new materialisms, and drawing on literature from peace studies and peace education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1014", "words": "10971", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Gibson, Sam", "title": "Not as my Neighbor\u00b4: How Misinformed Narratives Surrounding the FARC are Hindering the Social Reintegration of its Demobilizing Combatants", "date": "2018", "keywords": "colombia; communities; conflict; ddr; excombatants; factis; farc; fighters; group; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; members; narratives; number; pax; reintegration; social; volume", "summary": "Image of former groups and social acceptance Interestingly, excombatants from illegally armed groups have reported marked differences between the perceived image of their former-group and how they are accepted by receptor-communities\u2014even in the same conflicts. In Factis Pax Volume 12 Number 1 (2018): 103-133 http://www.infactispax.org/journal 127 Looking at the collective-demobilization of the M-19 guerrilla group, Fl\u00f3rez (1997) contends that the group\u2019s actions during and after the Peace Deal shifted the notion of \u201cenemy\u201d, \u201cbandits\u201d, and \u201cnarcos\u201d to one of gradual acceptance as both political actors and community members (p146).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1015", "words": "7045", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Simpson, Erika", "title": "Game Theory and Peace Research: Professor Anatol Rapoport\u2019s Contributions", "date": "2018", "keywords": "conflict; deterrence; dilemma; game; nuclear; number; pax; peace; prisoner; rapoport; research; theory; volume", "summary": "The basic logic of game theory is explained using his game models of \u2018Chicken\u2019 and \u2018Prisoner\u2019s Dilemma\u2019. Dr. Rapoport\u2019s contributions to game theory were solidly in the area of peace research, an important sub-field of political science and international relations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1016", "words": "7852", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Devere, Heather", "title": "Exploring Relationships for Positive Peace", "date": "2023", "keywords": "care; conflict; equality; factis; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; justice; love; number; pax; peace; people; relationships; trust; volume", "summary": "The relationship with the Christian God is the most important part, and then other relationships will be good, pure and right. In fact the opposite is the case, where the importance for positive peace is interlinking and interweaving of positive relationships.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1017", "words": "4446", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Pastoors, Daniela", "title": "Shifting Paradigms: Exploring the Reasons for Staff Care and \u2018The Duty of Care\u2019 in International Peace and Conflict Work", "date": "2023", "keywords": "care; conflict; international; number; paradigm; peace; risks; staff; work", "summary": "Related to international staff care this means to analyze: a) what kind of issues are observed and discussed in the context of staff care? At the same time, it is possible to discuss staff care in terms of potentials and of learning that can be strengthened thereby.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1018", "words": "1466", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Aryoubi, Hogai", "title": "A Pedagogy of Faith: The Theological Vision of Paulo Freire", "date": "2023", "keywords": "author; catholic; education; freire", "summary": "Book Review A Pedagogy of Faith: The Theological Vision of Paulo Freire by Irwin Leopando, Bloomsbury, 2017, 237 pp. Reviewed by Hogai Aryoubi University of Cambridge Cambridge Peace Education Research Group Hogai.Aryoubi@gmail.com A Pedagogy of Faith: The Theological Vision of Paulo Freire is an intriguing book-length study that investigates Freire\u2019s educational theory and practice through his religious lens. Though the chapter focuses extensively on Brazilian Catholic Left Movement and other Catholic entities, it allows the reader to understand the fluctuating time period in which Freire developed professionally and academically.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1019", "words": "1109", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Kuppens, Line", "title": "Education for peace: The politics of adopting and mainstreaming peace education programs in a post-conflict setting", "date": "2023", "keywords": "education; efp; peace", "summary": "Education for peace: the politics of adopting and mainstreaming peace education programs in a post-conflict setting is among the first to analyze the politics of mainstreaming peace education, making it a must-read for scholars of peace education. Apart from document analysis, Tinker conducted interviews with policy makers and EFP program designers, and participated in one EFP seminar.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1020", "words": "969", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Yamane, Kazuyo", "title": "For the People: A Documentary History of the Struggle for Peace and Justice in the United States", "date": "2018", "keywords": "book; justice; peace", "summary": "Movements to deal with issues on the environment and sustainable development are also introduced as well as the importance of peace education, which makes the book comprehensive to the study of peace and justice. The inclusion of Reynolds would provide an added gender dimension to the work, as well as discussion of how Americans have influenced peace movements in the US and abroad.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1022", "words": "10783", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Ruppel, Samantha; Rieche, Bernd; Sayndee, T. Debey; Schlimpert, Christoph; L\u00f3pez, Mar\u00eda Requena; Pastoors, Daniela", "title": "Supporting Local Actors in Times of Conflict: The Civil Peace Service and Its Various Actors", "date": "2023", "keywords": "actors; conflict; cps; germany; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; number; partnership; peace; peacebuilding; project; service; story; support; time; transformation; volume; work; workers; working", "summary": "As the story has shown, the CPS can successfully support the work of CPS PO in the country. Some of these organizations were among 2 Reflections on the history of Civil Peace Service by Bernd Rieche, CPS expert at AGDF.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1023", "words": "6873", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Chehimi, Ghada; Joudi, Nadine", "title": "The Need for Peace Education for University Students in Lebanon", "date": "2017", "keywords": "education; factis; lebanese; lebanon; number; peace; peace education; research; students; universities; university; volume", "summary": "To check if peace education courses can be integrated in the curriculum and how What departments can include or integrate peace education as a major or elective course? These conditions, though over-simplified, tend to necessitate a more institutionalized approach in directing youth and equipping them with peace education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1024", "words": "10858", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Finley, Laura", "title": "Examining the Depiction of Domestic Violence in Popular Adult Fiction: A Review of Six Novels", "date": "2017", "keywords": "abuse; abusers; cathy; children; culture; factis; gordon; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; jillian; new; novels; number; pax; readers; salander; victims; violence; volume; women", "summary": "Domestic violence can take many forms, including physical abuse, emotional and verbal abuse, sexual assault, financial control, manipulation of children, isolation, and more (What is domestic violence, 2014). In Factis Pax Volume 11 Number 1 (2017): 1-27 http://www.infactispax.org/journal 2 One subject that has received a great deal of attention in both the field of peace and conflict studies as well as in film, television, music and other forms of popular culture is domestic violence.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1025", "words": "1411", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Candel, Sandra", "title": "Understanding peace cultures", "date": "2017", "keywords": "book; chapter; education; peace", "summary": "Book Review Understanding peace cultures, edited by Rebecca L. Oxford, a volume in the series: Peace Education, editors Laura Finley & Robin Cooper, Information Age Publishing, 2014, 344 pp., US $45.99 (paperback), US $85.99 (hardcover), ISBN 978-1-62396-505-1 Reviewed by Sandra L. Candel University of Nevada, Las Vegas candel@unlv.nevada.edu The book is divided into five sections: Part A, Looking At Peace Cultures, offers a definition of culture, peace culture, and peace, which Oxford defines as \u201cmultidimensional\u201d to denote the intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup, international, and ecological dimensions of peace (p. 5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1026", "words": "1080", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Cromwell, Alexander", "title": "Encyclopedia of peace education", "date": "2017", "keywords": "education; peace; volume", "summary": "However, in spite of her critique on the overly top-down and Western orientation of peace education, the only example in this volume of localized peace education is H.B. Danesh\u2019s chapter discussing his unity-based model used in schools throughout Bosnia. Microsoft Word - Cromwell IFP V 11.1.cromwell comments.docx In Factis Pax Volume 11 Number 1 (2017): 32-34 http://www.infactispax.org/journal 32 Volume 11 Number 1 (2017): 32-34 http://www.infactispax.org/journal Book Review Encyclopedia of peace education, edited by Monisha Bajaj, Charlotte, Information Age Publishing, 2008, 177 pp., US $39.99 (paperback), US $73.99 (hardcover), ISBN 978-1593118983 Reviewed by Alexander Cromwell American University Cromwell@american.edu In the Encyclopedia of peace education, Monisha Bajaj draws on the field\u2019s leading scholars to offer diverse perspectives on what peace education is and to provide a comprehensive understanding of the field\u2019s historical foundations, key perspectives, central concepts and frameworks, and its future.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1027", "words": "1137", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Gray, Janet", "title": "Peace jobs: A student\u2019s guide to starting a career working for peace ", "date": "2017", "keywords": "book; jobs; peace; smith", "summary": "That anyone can do peace work in almost any occupation is a central claim of this book, which brings a career guidance lens to the emergent broad scope of peace education. He describes three factors shaping the future of peace work: the mainstreaming of peace and conflict knowledge into all occupational fields, the application of creativity to addressing structural violence and preventing destructive conflict, and the \u201csoft skills\u201d skills associated with a liberal arts education, such as leadership, communication, and problem solving.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1029", "words": "2569", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Jenkins, Tony", "title": "Transformative Peace Pedagogy: Fostering a Reflective, Critical, and Inclusive Praxis for Peace Studies", "date": "2016", "keywords": "education; knowledge; learning; peace; pedagogy; studies", "summary": "This rationale can be extended to another premise, that the pursuit of peace knowledge should be transdisciplinary in nature. This article offers a brief philosophical and pedagogical framework and rationale for transformative peace pedagogy as a preferred approach and philosophy of teaching and learning in peace studies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1030", "words": "9173", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "McGregor, Sue", "title": "Non-violent Consumption", "date": "2016", "keywords": "consumer; consumption; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; human; non; number; people; power; principles; self; society; truth; violence; volume; world", "summary": "Holding a negative view of the opponent (which is not the Gandhian take on non-violence advocated in this paper) involves using force or threats to coerce opponents by persuading them to do something against their will. Although people tend to lose touch with humanity as they age in a consumer society, the notion of non-violence brings hope that this situation can be reversed, or at least mitigated.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1031", "words": "1109", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Simon, Mumbua", "title": "The language of peace, communicating to create harmony", "date": "2016", "keywords": "chapter; language; peace", "summary": "The other five principles briefly include: Human beings can/must decide to choose peace; the verbal and non verbal forms of peace language; the multiple dimensions addressed by peace language ranging from inner, interpersonal, intergroup; and the language of peace is not always simple. It is the only series focused on peace education offered by any major publisher.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1032", "words": "1312", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Billups, Christie", "title": "Building a peaceful society: Creative integration of peace education", "date": "2016", "keywords": "book; education; finley; peace", "summary": "Billups Volume 10 In Factis Pax Volume 10 Number 1 (2016): 32-34 http://www.infactispax.org/journal 32 Volume 10 Number 1 (2016): 32-34 http://www.infactispax.org/journal Book Review Building a peaceful society: creative integration of peace education, by Laura L. Finley. It is the only series focused on peace education offered by any major publisher.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1033", "words": "979", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Servais, Mallory", "title": "Peace education from the grassroots", "date": "2016", "keywords": "education; grassroots; peace", "summary": "Peace education from the grassroots\u2019 collaborative nature offers a framework for continued growth within the field of peace education. It is the only series focused on peace education offered by any major publisher.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1034", "words": "8127", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Schreck, Jane", "title": "Inculcating Peaceability: \u201cLet us make what peace is left for us to make\u201d", "date": "2015", "keywords": "ben; berry; education; feltner; jack; mat; port; thad; william", "summary": "As Thad flees Port William, he realizes that \u201ctwo lives had ended for a possibility that never had existed: for Abner Coulter\u2019s mounting up in a better place\u201d (p. 43). After all, \u201cAbner had been reserved for something better\u201d (p. 22) than farming, as his parents understand: \u201cAbner was smart\u2014too smart, as Thad and Rachel agreed, without ever much talking about it, to spend his life farming a hillside\u201d (p. 22).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1035", "words": "4280", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Toneff-Cotner, Glenda", "title": "The Political and Structural Exclusion of Student Voice in the School Closure Process", "date": "2015", "keywords": "closure; community; education; high; jefferson; number; participant; process; school; students", "summary": "However, the most recent policy associated with school closure is the Race to the Top (RTTT) federal grant program initiated in 2009 by the Obama administration. School closure is listed as one of the intervention models found in the RTTT federal grant in which rigorous interventions are required in each of the state\u2019s lowest-performing schools, creating a tiered accountability system (United States Department of Education, 2009).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1036", "words": "7202", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "McGregor, Sue", "title": "Master or Steward Degree Designations: Implications for Cultures of Peace", "date": "2015", "keywords": "degree; education; field; graduate; knowledge; learning; master; number; people; principles; stewardship; students; volume; wikipedia", "summary": "Originally, there were two basic types of master degrees: Magister Artium (Masters of Arts), and Magister Scienti\u0153 (Master of Science). This paper purposely took issue with the use of label masters of education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1037", "words": "10153", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Hrynkow, Christopher; Creamer, David", "title": "Transformative Praxis at Work in Loreto Day School Sealdah: A Remarkable Fostering of Positive Peace", "date": "2015", "keywords": "authors; children; day; education; learning; loreto; m.c; mooney; new; o\u2019sullivan; school; sealdah", "summary": "Sister Cyril Mooney and Loreto Sealdah: Personal and social transformation Loreto Day School does not look much like a school from the outside. She recollects that, historically, the sisters \u201chad two schools running at Loreto Sealdah.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1038", "words": "4306", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Standish, Katerina", "title": "The Critical Difference of Peace Education", "date": "2015", "keywords": "education; literacy; montessori; number; peace; pedagogy; theory; transformation; violence; volume", "summary": "Critical pedagogy in peace education aims at more than awareness of reality but the transformation of reality toward positive peace. As a form of critical pedagogy peace education has something very significant to contribute to the complex understandings of the world around us and in particular, position learning as a co-created, inclusive and empowering experience that results in positive change.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1039", "words": "9432", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Braatz, Timothy", "title": "The Satyagraha of John Brown", "date": "2014", "keywords": "brown; dyer; gandhi; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; john brown; new; number; peace; power; raid; self; slavery; slaves; suffering; u.s; violence; volume; war; york", "summary": "In his lecture, \u201cA Plea for Captain John Brown,\u201d Thoreau noted, \u201cWhen a man stands up serenely against the condemnation of mankind, rising above them literally by a whole body\u2026the spectacle is a sublime one\u2026and we become criminal in comparison. 3 Gilpin, John Brown Still Lives!, 1; Bruce Lesh, \u201cInterpreting John Brown: Infusing Historical Thinking into the Classroom,\u201d OAH Magazine of History 25:2 (Apr. 2011): 46-50; \u201cJohn Brown, Slavery, and the Legacies of Revolutionary Violence in Our Own Time: A Conference Commemorating the 150th Anniversary of the Harpers Ferry Raid,\u201d Yale University, Oct. 29-31, 2009.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1040", "words": "9199", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Tanabe, Juichiro", "title": "Buddhism and Non-Violent World: Examining a Buddhist Contribution to Promoting the Principle of Non-Violence and a Culture of Peace", "date": "2014", "keywords": "buddhist; factis; mind; new; number; pax; peace; philosophy; suffering; violence; volume; york", "summary": "In Factis Pax Volume 8 Number 2 (2014): 122-146 http://www.infactispax.org/journal 123 explores how the Buddhist analysis of human mind deepens the psychological dynamics of violence and unfolds internal dimension of peace for more humane world. The central aim since the Buddha, who according to Bhatt and Mehrotro, \u201cwas led to philosophizing by an intense longing for the eradication of suffering\u201d is to analyze and overcome the problem of suffering.11 Especially, its main focus is on human mind and its relation to suffering 6 Galtung, J. (1969).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1041", "words": "6649", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "McGregor, Sue", "title": "Prospective Philosophical Foundations of Peace Education", "date": "2014", "keywords": "foundations; gur; ibid; page; pax; peace education; peace philosophy; people; philosophies; philosophy; z\u00e9ev", "summary": "Insights from likeminded critiques have the potential to shape peace education philosophies and pedagogies. More important, they should be aware of any discussions in the literature around peace philosophies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1042", "words": "10404", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Alfonso, Stacey", "title": "Peace Education in Early Childhood Education", "date": "2014", "keywords": "childhood; children; dsnauwa; dsnauwa highlight; education; highlight; human; nature; peace; peace education; reardon; self; teachers", "summary": "This is important because \u201cif early childhood children experience an environment in which both girls and boys are perceived and treated as being of equal worth, they will receive the message that human difference does not carry with it unequal human value. If a teacher is to take on an element of early childhood peace education such as critical literacy, one in which children are asked to think deeply about what they are reading/hearing, they must have the critical thinking skills to do so.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1043", "words": "9876", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Ku\u015f, Zafer; \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, Durdane; Elvan, \u00d6zlem", "title": "Citizenship Preferences of Turkish Parents Regarding Their Children", "date": "2014", "keywords": "child; children; citizen; citizenship; country; education; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; national; number; parents; rights; social; society; studies; turkey; values; volume", "summary": "In this study the \u201ccitizen with strong values\u201d is one of the types of citizen parents predominantly desire. 12 Council of Europe Education for democratic citizenship: A lifelong learning perspective.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1044", "words": "3689", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Mor\u00e1n, Anaida", "title": "Educaci\u00f3n en y para los Derechos Humanos y la Paz: Valores, Principios y Pr\u00e1cticas Pedag\u00f3gicas Medulares", "date": "2014", "keywords": "acci\u00f3n; como; con; cultura; del; derechos; desde; educaci\u00f3n; este; humanos; la paz; las; los; number; para; pax; paz; por; proyectos; que; una; violencia; volume", "summary": "La educaci\u00f3n para la paz y la educaci\u00f3n en derechos humanos son inseparables y est\u00e1n \u00edntimamente entrelazadas. los derechos humanos y la paz.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1045", "words": "5405", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "G\u00f3mez, Nathalie; Urquiola, Walter", "title": "Profesionalizando a L\u00edderes Comunitarios en el Diplomado Nacional en Cultura de Paz", "date": "2014", "keywords": "cada; como; con; cultura; cultura de; c\u00e1tedra; de la; de paz; del; derechos; desde; diplomado; educaci\u00f3n; horas; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; humanos; la paz; las; los; nacional; number; para; participantes; pax; paz; paz y; por; pr\u00e1cticas; que; sesi\u00f3n; sobre; te\u00f3ricas; una; venezuela; volume", "summary": "Informar, a trav\u00e9s de los principios de la Pedagog\u00eda de la Paz y la Educaci\u00f3n en Derechos Humanos, donde el conocimiento previo de los y las participantes, es el punto de partida de los procesos formativos. Desde 1987 se dedica a generar acciones de promoci\u00f3n, formaci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n de los Derechos Humanos y Cultura de Paz de la Infancia, Adolescencia y Juventud con enfoque de Desarrollo Local Sustentable e Interculturalidad.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1046", "words": "4466", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Morales, Liliana", "title": "Interculturalidad y educaci\u00f3n: Exploraci\u00f3n de una paidea para el Sur El proyecto: Interculturalidad y culturas de paz con justicia", "date": "2014", "keywords": "chiapas; como; con; conocimiento; crist\u00f3bal; cual; cultura; del; educaci\u00f3n; entre; factis; fue; grupos; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; intercultural; interculturalidad; j\u00f3venes; las; los; modelos; number; paideia; para; pax; paz; por; puerto; que; san; sociales; son; sus; una; universidad; volume", "summary": "El Taller fue un proceso de inmersi\u00f3n en que las educadoras convivimos con lo/as educandos durante 12 d\u00edas en las instalaciones de la Universidad de la Tierra. A lo largo de la historia occidental la noci\u00f3n ha sido rescatada, a veces, por movimientos educativos de tendencias aristocr\u00e1ticas.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1047", "words": "7697", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "G\u00f3mez Collado, Martha", "title": "Dise\u00f1o, Aplicaci\u00f3n y Evaluaci\u00f3n del Modelo de Intervenci\u00f3n Tutorial en la UAEMEX desde la Perspectiva de la Educaci\u00f3n para la Paz", "date": "2014", "keywords": "alumnos; aplicaci\u00f3n; aspectos; as\u00ed; cada; como; con; con la; conclusi\u00f3n; conflictos; cultura; del; desarrollo; din\u00e1micas; di\u00e1logo; educaci\u00f3n; educaci\u00f3n para; en el; esta; este; estudiantes; estudios; evaluaci\u00f3n; facultad; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; informaci\u00f3n; intervenci\u00f3n; la paz; las; lectura; licenciatura; los; manera; modelo; modelo de; number; objetivos; para; para la; pax; paz; por; programa; que; sobre; sus; tutorial; una; universidad; valores; volume; y la", "summary": "In \u00a0Factis \u00a0Pax \u00a0 Volume \u00a08 \u00a0Number \u00a01 \u00a0(2014): \u00a039-\u00ad\u201056 \u00a0 http://www.infactispax.org/journal \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 51 \u00a0 Is\u00fas, 2008, 55) que tiene como objetivo que los alumnos se familiaricen con la biblioteca de la Facultad como lugar de trabajo y de b\u00fasqueda, estimulando su curiosidad. Cabe se\u00f1alar que esta din\u00e1mica fortaleci\u00f3 el di\u00e1logo, la comunicaci\u00f3n y la participaci\u00f3n de los estudiantes - todos aspectos claves en la Educaci\u00f3n para la paz.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1048", "words": "2050", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Dunlevy, Erin", "title": "Negotiating Competing Ethical Systems in Schools: Restorative Practices for Transforming Violent School Communities", "date": "2014", "keywords": "justice; new; school; student; violence", "summary": "Finding safety where we least expect it: The role of social capital in preventing school violence. Finally, I propose that schools that consistently demonstrate high rates of suspensions due to 1 The purpose of proactive circles is to build community and relationships among school groups, whereas reactive circles are typically held in response to an event or conflict and are utilized to reach consensus (Pranis, 2005)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1049", "words": "10609", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Carrascosa, Alex", "title": "On The \u2018Dia-Techn\u00e9 Dialogue Through Art\u2019 Methodology", "date": "2014", "keywords": "art; community; design; dia; dialogue; factis; group; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; inter; number; painting; pax; people; picture; process; step; stories; tekhn\u0113; volume", "summary": "In this variable, each space \u2014always subdivided into personal, interpersonal and collective areas\u2014 holds a small group of four people and is integrated with other similar spaces in wider wefts, so that even if they start from a single individual area, each person can come up with up to four interpersonal dia- tekhn\u0113s or dialogues through art \u2014as in the cases of the Mixed Wiphala (pictures 02-05) and BilboBilbea (picture 06) formats, suitable for work in large groups and whenever participants join in at different times\u2014 or even four collective dia-tekhn\u0113s, in quartets \u2014case of the Mixed Wiphala\u2014, or successively broader, beginning with quartets and extending to 8, 16 and 32 participants \u2014case of the Extreme-Stream (picture 07), appropriate format for the meeting of conflicting sides. \u00a0 The main methods of working with large groups arose from the confluence of social psychology, psychoanalytic theory, and systems theory (Bunker and Alban, 1997: 11).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1050", "words": "3707", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Cannon, Susan", "title": "Reflections on International Institute on Peace Education 2013: Exploring a Possible World Free from Violence", "date": "2014", "keywords": "community; education; iipe; participants; peace; puerto; rico; school; students; thinking; world", "summary": "Finally, by hiking the Bosque del Pueblo, IIPE participants viewed first-hand the landscape preserved from destructive mining and ill-conceived pipeline. IIPE participants shared so much more work that upholds human rights and builds peace using diverse approaches.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1051", "words": "541", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Verhoye, Anna", "title": "Homology: A Human Rights Poem", "date": "2014", "keywords": "identity", "summary": "Only my bloodied, deformed body overtly evidences the intrusion yet I cannot access the proof you demand that I have been violated. My battered body, bloodied face is a necessary consequence of your fear; because you are afraid, I, it appears, must be scary.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1052", "words": "9462", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Finley, Laura", "title": "Peace In Every Relationship: Building an Interdisciplinary, Holistic Domestic Violence Program on College Campuses", "date": "2013", "keywords": "abuse; college; community; education; journal; learning; new; number; peace; peace education; program; rights; service; students; teaching; university; violence; volume; work", "summary": "Due to the siloed nature of higher education, rarely are curricular approaches to domestic violence education interdisciplinary in nature (Astin & Astin, 2000; Harkavy, 2006). Some colleges and universities are teaching domestic violence by adding specific courses or even whole programs on the topic, but more frequently the academic coverage of this topic comes from units or event one-time lectures within specific courses.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1053", "words": "12479", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Gerson, Janet", "title": "Democratizing Global Justice: The World Tribunal on Iraq", "date": "2013", "keywords": "conflict; global; international; iraq; justice; law; number; peace; people; post; press; social; tribunal; war; world; wti", "summary": "As a political theorist and peace educator, I aspire to doing scholarship that contributes to advancing global justice. However, global justice, I believe, necessitates democratizing justice.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1054", "words": "1621", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Bamidele, Oluwaseun", "title": "Conflict Resolution and Peace Education Transformations across Disciplines", "date": "2013", "keywords": "book; conflict; education; peace", "summary": "If there ever was a book written about conflict resolution and peace education that offers prospects for hope on such a grim subject, then it is this one. The book resulted from the work of numerous authors who have ably assisted the editor, and whose expert views on the conflict and peace education are fresh, provide food for thought, and urge scholars to awake from slumber and seize their moment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1055", "words": "10115", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "McGregor, Sue", "title": "Human Responsibility Movement Initiatives: A Comparative Analysis", "date": "2013", "keywords": "articles; council; declaration; duties; ethic; global; human; initiatives; january; nations; responsibilities; rights; united; universal", "summary": "A counter argument proposed within this movement is that duties are requirements, not moral aspirations; by not making duties mandatory, human responsibility declarations fail. In \u00a0Factis \u00a0Pax \u00a0 Volume \u00a07 \u00a0Number \u00a01 \u00a0(2013): \u00a01-\u00ad26 \u00a0 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ \u00a0 6 An Ethic Versus Ethics \u00a0 Furthermore, human responsibility initiatives can be characterized as universal ethical manifestos rather than enforceable legal norms; in essence, a global ethic.25 K\u00fcng explains that the globalization of problems calls for a global ethic (singular) rather than global ethics (plural)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1056", "words": "5101", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Jenkins, Tony", "title": "Reflections on Kenneth E. Boulding\u2019s The Image: Glimpsing the Roots of Peace Education Pedagogy", "date": "2013", "keywords": "boulding; education; image; knowledge; peace; peace education; pedagogy; theory", "summary": "Boulding alludes to and describes the processes by which the image can be changed and transformed, however he does not articulate a general theory of a relationship between processes and image transformation. He observes that social organizations and institutions are extensions of individual images, often originating in the creative mind of an individual.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1057", "words": "9486", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Al-Daraweesh, Fuad", "title": "Human Rights and Human Rights Education: Beyond the Conventional Approach", "date": "2013", "keywords": "approach; conceptualization; culture; equivalents; ibid; knowledge; pedagogy; relational; rights; rights education; rights knowledge; traditions", "summary": "However, I venture to expand the theoretical framework of the aforementioned philosophers by dwelling on Mannheim\u2019s thoughts on sociology of knowledge and connect these thoughts to human rights and human rights education.5 This connection, I shall argue, is an unconventional strategy to go beyond dichotomies, and to offer a new approach, which potentially could overcome some of the problems that are facing human rights and human rights education. Third, I shall connect the first two steps to human rights education by accounting for the consequences of failing to contextualize human rights knowledge, through the excessive use of one conceptualization of human rights as a representative of all.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1058", "words": "3419", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Snyder, Sam", "title": "War: The Ultimate Crime Against Humanity", "date": "2013", "keywords": "chapter; states; war; wars; world; years", "summary": "While we normally count only the two great wars of the twentieth century as \u201cworld wars,\u201d the author states that a political definition of a world war would be one in which \u201call the great powers of the time are involved. By Sam R. Snyder The institution of war has an improbable history.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1059", "words": "4796", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Snauwaert, Dale", "title": "The Importance of Philosophy for Education in a Democratic Society: Editorial Essay", "date": "2012", "keywords": "democracy; education; new; philosophy; press; university; university press; york", "summary": "Should the value of self-reflection and rational deliberation, central to democracy, be actualized in 6 Walter Feinberg, Common Schools/Uncommon Identities: National Unity and Cultural Difference (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998); Gutmann, Democratic Education; Kevin and Walter Feinberg (Editors) McDonough, Citizenship and Education in Liberal-Democratic Societies: Teaching for Cosmopolitan Values and Collective Identities (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005); Martha Nussbaum, Cultivating Humanity: A Classical Defense of Reform in Liberal Education (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997); Martha Nussbaum, For Love of Country: Debating the Limits of Patriotism (Boston: Beacon Press, 1996); Charles Taylor, Multiculturalism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994); Michael Walzer, On Toleration (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997). Citizenship and Education in Liberal- Democratic Societies: Teaching for Cosmopolitan Values and Collective Identities New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1060", "words": "11681", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Rinker, Jeremy", "title": "Vowing to End Injustice: A Buddhist Social Movement\u2019s Narrative Construction of Social Change", "date": "2012", "keywords": "activists; ambedkar; buddhist; caste; cit; dalit; identity; india; justice; movement; narrative; new; number; self; social; tbmsg; university", "summary": "Specifically, in focusing on the evaluative statements embedded in TBMSG narrative structures this work focuses on the way in which narrative structures meaning.13 From this analytical frame, comparative analysis of collected movement narratives underscores the normative assumptions inherent in activists\u2019 theories of social change. It is within TBMSG narrative structures that the ideal of social change is recursively undergoing a process of construction by TBMSG activists, yet most activists are unaware of this process of construction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1061", "words": "8145", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Cusack, Carmen", "title": "Alternative Dispute Resolution and Niyama, The Second Limb of Yoga Sutra", "date": "2012", "keywords": "adr; bargaining; criminal; cuba; culture; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; international; mar; mediation; number; plea; process; resolution; sutra; tapas; u.s; volume; yoga", "summary": "The U.S. is ranked 45th in literacy.97 Instead of crippling Cuba, the codification and strict enforcement of embargo, which deepened Cuba\u2019s self-imposed austerity measures, ended- up costing the U.S. disproportionately more than it cost Cuba.98 ) See, Jeffrey Dunnung, The Helms-Burton Act: A Step in the Wrong Direction for United States Policy Toward Cuba, 54 J. Urban and Contemporary L. 213 (2003).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1062", "words": "827", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Snyder, Sam", "title": "The End of War", "date": "2012", "keywords": "end; war", "summary": "\u201c to make the case that the end of war is possible, and even imminent. Granting that his is a minority view, the author begins with the premise that war is a choice.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1063", "words": "1416", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Snyder, Sam", "title": "No One\u2019s World: The West, the Rising Rest, and The Coming Global Turn", "date": "2012", "keywords": "author; europe; west; world", "summary": "Between 1815 and 1914 \u2013 the era of Pax Britanniaca \u2013 European imperialism expanded in terms of both territorial reach and the scope of political control . . . Europe\u2019s stunning rise was the product of political weakness resulting from the fragmentation of imperial rule.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1064", "words": "13132", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Chikwe, Moses", "title": "Civic Education and Global Citizenship: A Deweyan Perspective", "date": "2012", "keywords": "american; citizenship; community; dewey; education; factis; ibid; national; new; new york; number; pax; press; public; school; society; state; students; teachers; u.s; university; volume; world; york", "summary": "Lacking in these definitions of citizenship is the interesting conceptualization and understanding of citizenship in the global and multicultural context.3 This lack is also evident in the current understanding of civic education, which is framed around the formation of the democratic ideals and values of a particular nation state in the individual members of the society. Nevertheless, civic education does hold the promise of expanding the narrow goal of traditional citizenship to the global perspective, due to the organized capacity of civic education and schooling in general in communicating the civic ideals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1065", "words": "5541", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Kasymov, Shavkat", "title": "The Applicability of the Strategic Killing Model to the Case of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire", "date": "2012", "keywords": "armenians; empire; genocide; groups; killing; mass; ottoman; power; turks", "summary": "National upheaval and preexisting social cleavages can be brought into play by political groups to incite hatred and violence against adversary communities and encourage public participation in mass killing. However, Valentino believes that victims of mass killing tend to serve as scapegoats only for a small number of high- ranking political and military figures, but not for the majority of the populace.11 these events encourage genocide not because they prompt societies to seek scapegoats, but because these events provide the incentives, opportunity and cover for revolutionary elites seeking to consolidate political power or implement genocidal ideologies.12 The decision to eliminate a certain community, whether religious, ethnical or political stems from a belief that a large-scale societal transformation is only possible when a rival group is physically removed through deportation, isolation and extermination.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1066", "words": "6289", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Francis, Joshua", "title": "Designing Teacher Education Programs for Human Rights", "date": "2012", "keywords": "democratic; education; human; jennings; rights; rights education; standards; teacher; teacher education", "summary": "Preparing Teachers to Provide a Human Rights Education Teacher education programs have historically been analyzed in terms of their graduates' impact on students' cognitive learning, while little consideration is given to the effectiveness of teacher education program's role in the creation of a just, liberal democratic society.53 Jennings stated that teacher education programs should use human rights as the organizing principle so that their graduates come to see themselves as human rights educators and advocates. 6 Ibid; G. Meintjes, Human rights education as empowerment: Reflections on pedagogy, in Human rights education for the twenty-first century, ed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1067", "words": "9348", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Nganga, Daniel", "title": "Culture as the Cause of Conflict: A Case study in West Pokot District, Kenya", "date": "2012", "keywords": "cattle; community; conflict; culture; kenya; north; people; pokot; pokot community; pokot culture; research; rift; seers; volume", "summary": "Two of them are very important in relation to understanding Pokot culture and world view: \u201cWorld view can be resources for understanding and analyzing true stories, rituals, myths and metaphors used by a group, we can learn efficiently and deeply about group members\u2019 identities, which they see themselves to be, what matters to them and how they make meaning. This part elaborates more on the value of cattle which is embedded in Pokot culture that is the cause of conflict, and how the place of a cow in building a harmonious community has turned to be the cause of conflict with their neighbors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1068", "words": "909", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Snyder, Sam", "title": "Outsourcing War and Peace", "date": "2012", "keywords": "contractors; public; volume", "summary": "In \u00a0Factis \u00a0Pax \u00a0 \u00a0 Volume \u00a06 \u00a0Number \u00a01 \u00a0(2012): \u00a070-\u00ad72 \u00a0 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ \u00a0 \u00a0 72 \u00a0 The ensuing chapters focus on legal accountability and asses the extent to which private contractors might be amenable to criminal prosecution or civil suit in international or domestic forums, contractual accountability and constraint, the knotty problems of public participation as a mechanism of constraint, as well as a value in its own right, and finally, a suggestion that more attention be paid to organizational constraints. Professor Dickinson begins her book with a recounting of four incidents involving private contractors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1069", "words": "10954", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Arce-Trigatti, Andrea; Beatriz Santucho, Florencia", "title": "Espacios de Revisi\u00f3n: Literatura Argentina y Pedagog\u00eda Hacia la Paz", "date": "2017", "keywords": "an\u00e1lisis; argentina; a\u00fan; civilizaci\u00f3n; como; comunidades; con; cr\u00edtico; de la; de los; de un; del; dentro; discurso; dos; en el; en la; entre; enunciaci\u00f3n; esta; este; estos; est\u00e1; europea; hacia; han; historia; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; identidad; indios; la historia; las; lenguaje; lo que; los; mansilla; mundo; m\u00e1s; naci\u00f3n; naturaleza; number; originarias; otro; para; parte; pasado; pax; paz; poder; por; que; que el; que se; realidad; sarmiento; ser; sino; sobre; son; sujeto; sus; s\u00f3lo; tanto; textos; trabajo; trav\u00e9s; una; volume; voz; y de; y la", "summary": "Traducciones te\u00f3ricas del estructuralismo y de la estil\u00edstica desde Argentina: una interpretaci\u00f3n. la autonom\u00eda pol\u00edtica ind\u00edgena, por acciones que inclu\u00edan la eliminaci\u00f3n f\u00edsica, pr\u00e1cticas de concentraci\u00f3n, deportaci\u00f3n, esclavitud, la purificaci\u00f3n de la comunidad infantil originaria, y la destrucci\u00f3n cultural (Delrio et al., 2010, p. 139).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1070", "words": "5435", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "van Houten, Marloes; Santner, Vera", "title": "Youth as Actors in Peace and Human Rights Education", "date": "2011", "keywords": "culture; education; learning; participants; peace; rights; school; summer; unoy; world; youth", "summary": "The United Network of Young Peacebuilders, a global network of youth peace organisations, had already provided a guest lecturer to the program in 2007. And as a global network of practitioners in youth peace work, UNOY added practitioners' knowledge to the content and methods of the Summer school program.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1071", "words": "8430", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Imoh , Colins Edozie", "title": "Integrated Approach to Human Rights in a Post Conflict Niger Delta", "date": "2017", "keywords": "delta; esc; esc rights; factis; government; niger; niger delta; number; pax; people; rights; volume", "summary": "This post-conflict era provides an opportunity for discussing the issue of human rights in the Niger Delta. What approach of human rights, therefore, should be appealed to in articulating and solving the problems in the Niger Delta?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1072", "words": "7923", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "30", "author": "Rivillas, Juan Carlos; Henao, Olga Espinosa", "title": "Unidades M\u00f3viles como estrategia para prevenir la violencia y educar para la paz: La experiencia de Antioquia, Colombia", "date": "2011", "keywords": "antioquia; colombia; como; comunidades; con; de derechos; de la; de los; del; departamento; derechos; derechos humanos; desarrollo; educaci\u00f3n; educaci\u00f3n para; en el; estrategia; formaci\u00f3n; humanos; intervenci\u00f3n; intrafamiliar; la paz; la violencia; las; los; los derechos; municipios; m\u00e1s; m\u00f3viles; number; para; para la; para los; paz; por; prevenci\u00f3n; procesos; que; rights; salud; sobre; sus; una; unidades; violencia; y la", "summary": "Se resaltan adem\u00e1s los puntos m\u00e1s trascendentales y de inter\u00e9s para los funcionarios y v\u00edctimas de la violencia, el estudio y socializaci\u00f3n de las estad\u00edsticas que evidencian la problem\u00e1tica y permiten la comparabilidad con otras regiones. Nuevas dimensiones de la seguridad humana, En Informe Mundial Sobre Desarrollo Humano (Washington, D.C.: PNUD, 1994).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1073", "words": "7102", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Fisher-Yoshida, Beth; Lopez, Joan; Civico, Aldo", "title": "Youth Leaders and the Arts: From Conflict to Strategic Community Building: L\u00edderes Juveniles y las Artes: Del Conflicto a la Construcci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica de Comunidades", "date": "2017", "keywords": "community; conflict; convidarte; gangs; new; number; peace; peacebuilding; relationships; violence; volume", "summary": "It is important to understand that we live in complex and dynamic social contexts, and that the presence of conflict of any order, large or small, is both the cause and result of social relationships, and the cultural patterns they produce, at all levels of our society. What they do not readily see is that these everyday local conflicts are part of the social network that sustains conflict patterns of larger impact around the world.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1074", "words": "7015", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Verwoord, Roselynn", "title": "Participatory Artistic Quiltmaking for Peacebuilding and Peace Education: Reflections on a Workshop in the International Institute for Peace Education 2010 and on a Research Study", "date": "2011", "keywords": "arts; conflict; education; ibid; number; participants; participatory; peacebuilding; process; quiltmaking; quilts; research; volume", "summary": "Peacebuilding Peacebuilding supports the redress of underlying inequities and social conflicts in order to restore healthy relationships or to prevent future escalation of conflicts 16. My ideological stance regarding both citizenship and social education, which is reflected in my beliefs about conflict management, is that educators should be focusing 21 Ibid., 80.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1075", "words": "194", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Moss, Andrew", "title": "The Pen is Mightier than the Sword (poem)", "date": "2011", "keywords": "number", "summary": "Martin Luther King, Jr. --Andrew Moss, 2010", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1076", "words": "104", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Moss, Andrew", "title": "Homage to Gandhi (poem)", "date": "2011", "keywords": "conversations", "summary": "The skill of enduring dust, long hot train journeys third class, conversations conversations conversations prayer, silence . . . and a wry, patient joy in seeing you and I Volume 5 Number 3 (2011): 305-06 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ 306 let fall whatever cords bind heart and mind and will.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1077", "words": "7868", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Thayer-Bacon, Barbara", "title": "Maria Montessori: Education for Peace", "date": "2011", "keywords": "children; classroom; education; italy; kramer; mario; montessori; rome; schools; teacher; training; work; years", "summary": "When Mussolini ordered Dr. Montessori to turn the children in her schools into soldiers for Italy, Montessori refused, and Montessori schools were suddenly closed in Italy by the Fascist regime. In America, it is often the case that administrators hired to run Montessori schools have no training as Montessori teachers and have little or no experience in the classroom.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1078", "words": "15052", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Nasir, Candice Marie", "title": "Contextualizing Peace in Islamic Traditions: Challenging Cultural Hegemony", "date": "2011", "keywords": "afghanistan; conflict; context; faith; god; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; ibid; imam; islam; islamic; january; jihad; kakar; khan; law; muslim; nonviolence; number; peace; qur\u2019an; rights; struggle; truth; university; volume; women", "summary": "There is a stark contrast, however, between the dominantly projected hegemonic discourse on Islam, and the realities of the strides being made by individuals in the field of peacebuilding who derive impetus for the transformation and negation of violent conflict from an interpretation of Islamic faith, which locates peace as central to the goal of human history. Section two will locate this understanding of peace in the foundational dimensions of Islamic faith that provide a hermeneutic for discerning moral imperative, as enacted and reflected in the works of secular and religious-oriented peacebuilders.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1079", "words": "4503", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Templin, Carl; Sun, Jing", "title": "A Cultural Approach to Peace Education", "date": "2011", "keywords": "culture; education; lesson; peace; people; power; students", "summary": "Whereas in the previous session different cultural ideas of economic objects led to conflict and disengagement from the lesson, in this session students became actively engaged \u2013 feeling as though they could express their ideas and apparently taking something away from the experience. Furthermore, as it is required in the Charter, \u201cOur cultural diversity is a precious heritage and different cultures will find their own distinctive ways to realize the vision\u201d4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1080", "words": "4966", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Kopnina, Helen", "title": "Consumption in Environmental Education: Developing Curriculum that Addresses Cradle to Cradle Principles", "date": "2011", "keywords": "c2c; children; consumption; cradle; curriculum; development; education; elementary; framework; netherlands; number; school", "summary": "In regard to environmental education, this implies that along with learning \u2018the facts\u2019 and personal responsibility in regard to environment, pupils should be encouraged to learn how to engage at collective, social and political citizenship levels (Davies et al, 2002; Chawla and Cushing, 2007; Amsel, 2009). We may ponder how the potential conflicts, contradictions and dilemmas of responsible consumption are dealt with at the level of environmental education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1081", "words": "6607", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Kopnina, Helen", "title": "Applying The New Ecological Paradigm Scale in the Case of Environmental Education: Qualitative Analysis of the Ecological Worldview of Dutch Children", "date": "2011", "keywords": "attitudes; behavior; children; education; environmental; journal; nature; nep; nep scale; new; scale", "summary": "Given the fact that NEP scale is one of the most popular measures of environmental beliefs and attitudes, the author proposes that it might be a good measure to address the efficacy of EE \u2013 if it can be shown to be sensitive to the socio-cultural contexts in which EE takes place. In this article, the author argues that if NEP scale could be combined with the more socio-culturally specific qualitative methodology, the useful evaluative tool for addressing the efficacy of EE programs could be developed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1082", "words": "4455", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Strauss, Jill; Black, Michelle", "title": "We Say, When We've Reached One We've Reached the World...but What if We Missed One?", "date": "2017", "keywords": "belfast; children; community; conflict; ireland; northern; number; project", "summary": "On the first day of class when we introduced ourselves, Michelle said that she was from Northern Ireland (a region in the north-east corner of the island of Ireland), her family was Protestant (in other words British), and that her DNA analysis showed that she was of Irish descent. There were over twenty different initiatives in the 1970s through the early 1990s taking equal numbers of Catholic and Protestant children to Europe, Great Britain, the Republic of Ireland, and other parts of Northern Ireland for anywhere from five days to six weeks.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1083", "words": "9590", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Renner, Adam; McCrary, Nancye; Selwyn, Doug", "title": "On Wrestling with Alienation and Producing More Progressive Mental Conceptions that Remake our World: Doing Democracy", "date": "2011", "keywords": "democracy; education; experience; factis; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; learning; number; service; students; teachers; teaching; university; volume; work; world", "summary": "It is designed to be a collaborative learning environment where teacher education students more often work together to design, develop, and evaluate instruction with an emphasis on interdisciplinary connections. Now, back in the K-12 classroom at the June Jordan School for Equity in San Francisco, CA (www.jjse.org), author 1 endeavors to develop the international service learning experience with high school students once again.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1084", "words": "13522", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Donahue-Keegan, Deborah", "title": "Fostering Social, Emotional, Ethical, Civic and Academic Learning (SEECAL) Through Constructive Controversy: What are the Implications for the Professional Development of High School Teachers?", "date": "2011", "keywords": "alexa; awareness; classroom; conflict; development; education; factis; history; learning; number; school; students; teachers; teaching; volume", "summary": "12 Kathy Bickmore, \u201cTeacher development for conflict participation: Kathy Bickmore, \u201cTeacher development for conflict participation:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1085", "words": "12371", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Logan, Hilary", "title": "Perceptions of Citizenship in Preservice Elementary Social Studies Education", "date": "2011", "keywords": "character; character education; citizenship; citizenship education; classroom; democratic; education; elementary; preservice; preservice teachers; professors; social; students; studies; teachers", "summary": "This includes specific strategies within the methods course, such as: (a) allocation of course time for professors and students to discuss the definitions and implications of democratic principles in school settings; and (b) course grades highly weighting evaluation of students\u2019 skills in analyzing and implementing democratic classroom practice.35 Methodology This qualitative research study utilized the basic interpretive approach to examine the relationship between the beliefs of citizenship education and the instructional strategies used to prepare preservice elementary social studies teachers to teach citizenship in their future elementary classrooms. If schools are to educate for democratic citizenship, the manner in which preservice teacher education helps teacher candidates to understand citizenship and how it will be utilized in their future teaching practices, is a true concern.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1086", "words": "8489", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Hyde, Andrea", "title": "The Dialogic Classroom As Pedagogy: Teaching the Civic Mission of Schools", "date": "2011", "keywords": "classroom; democratic; dialogic; education; factis; new; number; pedagogy; press; schools; students; teachers; university; volume; york", "summary": "Though elsewhere I have been specific in my theorizing about my philosophy of education11, for the purposes of representing my personal beliefs to undergraduate teacher education students, I convey a general position that educational experiences are intrinsically valuable for their potential for personal development. In keeping with the aims of the scholarship of teaching30, I have tried to explore more deeply how teacher education students in my SFE course come to develop their beliefs about the civic responsibilities of schools toward students and communities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1087", "words": "7951", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Sheffield, Eric; Medina, Yolanda; Cornelius-White, Jeffrey", "title": "Emotion, Reflection, and Activism: Educating for Peace in and for Democracy", "date": "2011", "keywords": "action; activism; democratic; education; factis; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; learning; new; number; students; volume; war", "summary": "As the means to re-engage students at the catalytic, embodied emotional level essential to learning of all kinds and to the survival of democracy, in what follows we make several general educational suggestions: first, the overriding essential educational goal of our time is to convince our students that thoughtful, peaceful, yet vehement, activism, in its various forms, and for vari- ous causes, is a democratic obligation. In Kilpatrick\u2019s essay, \u201cThe Project Method,\u201d he warns teachers that if a project is not grounded in what he calls a \u201cpurposeful act,\u201d it is no improvement over more traditional, teach- er-centered, methods of teaching.40 However, when a project is initiated by student interest (an authentic \u201cemotional\u201d need) rather than by teacher coercion, the project becomes \u201clife itself\u201d and takes on a distinctly democratic character: With this general introduction, we may, in the first place, say that the purposeful act is the typical unit of the worthy life.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1088", "words": "9051", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Wiggins, Joy", "title": "The Search for Balance: Understanding and Implementing Yoga, Peace, and Democratic Education", "date": "2011", "keywords": "balance; care; culture; education; factis; justice; number; pax; peace; peace education; schools; self; students; world; yoga", "summary": "When implementing peace skills into the community, we need to have the initial social skills, then we can manifest these skills into action such as, a) taking an active role in defining community problems and framing questions from a community perspective, b) the ability to make difficult decisions by mastering public deliberation, articulating a sense of common good and recognizing a shared sense of purpose and direction, and c) creating efficient relationships among constituents to achieve mutual purposes. The definitions of peace education and peaceful pedagogy vary depending on personal conviction and context.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1089", "words": "10659", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Wood, Diane; DeMulder, Elizabeth; Stribling, Stacia", "title": "Teacher Development as Deliberative Democratic Practice: A Precursor to Educating for Democratic Citizenship", "date": "2011", "keywords": "action; democracy; education; learning; new; number; practices; press; program; public; research; schools; students; teachers; teaching; volume", "summary": "Because we believe that the individual and collaborative skills necessary to engage in a deliberative democracy are similar to those at the core of teacher research and critical pedagogy, the latter have become centerpieces of our curriculum. Since teacher research is a core, ongoing component of the curriculum that supports the development of a teacher\u2019s critical pedagogy, the goals and processes involved in teacher research need further description.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1090", "words": "6706", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Reardon, Betty; Snauwaert, Dale", "title": "Reflective Pedagogy, Cosmopolitanism, and Critical Peace Education for Political Efficacy:: A Discussion of Betty A. Reardon\u2019s Assessment of the Field", "date": "2011", "keywords": "education; inquiry; learning; peace; peace education; pedagogy; process; questions; reardon", "summary": "Reflective inquiry is not only a means to the actualization of cosmopolitanism; reflective inquiry is an ethical requirement, and thus a constitutive element, of cosmopolitanism. In a recent publication entitled \u201dConcerns, Cautions and Possibilities for Peace Education for Political Efficacy\u201d Betty Reardon reflects on the state of peace education and offers a brilliant reaffirmation and further elaboration of the central importance and nature of a pedagogy of reflective inquiry for a comprehensive/critical peace education.1 Betty Reardon is an internationally renowned peace scholar and peace educator.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1091", "words": "10783", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Thayer-Bacon, Barbara; Ellison, Scott", "title": "Learning to Trust Our Teachers: Second Installment of the Special Issue \"Skills, Values, and Beliefs for Today's Democratic Citizenship\"", "date": "2011", "keywords": "american; crisis; democracy; education; equality; factis; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; new; number; policy; public; ranci\u00e8re; research; schools; students; teachers; think; trust; u.s; volume", "summary": "Representing millions of public school teachers, the NEA constituted a major roadblock to policies designed to undermine the public role in education and was a natural target for a political bloc already antagonistic to organized labor. However, looking at the long-term trajectory of national education policy since then, the Reagan years made a solid contribution to the general erosion of trust in public education and public school teachers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1092", "words": "12749", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "26", "author": "Jackson, Liz", "title": "Democratic Citizenship, Critical Multiculturalism, and the Case of Muslims Since September 11", "date": "2011", "keywords": "approach; classroom; difference; education; literacy; media; minorities; minority; muslims; number; society; students; studies; teachers; teaching; view; volume", "summary": "While one might imagine that critical media literacy is developed in pre- service teachers\u2019 coursework, such is not always the case, given that learning of public school curriculum often takes place in education courses rather than in social science or literature coursework and as, additionally, teacher education students frequently fail to take many upper-level courses in social science disciplines. While one\u2019s home community and ability to learn may be linked, making discriminatory or ethnocentric representations of minorities ineffective when teaching minority students, as discussed previously, educators are nonetheless not charged with preserving, protecting, or maintaining different groups in society, but with educating youth to function autonomously in the public sphere: Public schools often have good educational and political reasons to acknowledge a child\u2019s cultural meanings.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1093", "words": "5720", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Junkins, Todd; Narvaez, Darcia", "title": "Habitat for Humanity and the Support of Civic Participation", "date": "2011", "keywords": "community; development; education; families; family; habitat; home; partnership; poverty; press; skills; support", "summary": "Good relationships with city officials generate greater interest and investment in the success of Habitat families in homeownership and financial development. Families qualify for Habitat home ownership if they meet several qualifications: (a) their income is 25-60% of the local average income; (b) they demonstrate a need for housing; (c) they prove their ability to pay for the home; and (d) they show a willingness to become a partner in building their own home and a responsible neighbor to others in the new neighborhood.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1094", "words": "7180", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Lundholm, Cecilia", "title": "Society\u2019s Response to Environmental Challenges: Citizenship and the Role of Knowledge", "date": "2011", "keywords": "change; development; education; education research; environmental; learning; lundholm; nature; research; social; students; systems; understanding", "summary": "Thus, in democracies, in relation to the description above of research and interest in participation and environmental education, it is not enough to pursue an agenda that i) describes and talks of the environment (or environmental problems) in very simplistic, stable ways, or, in a general sense; bundling all kinds of problems together (local water problems, climate change, recycling, etc); and, ii) does not consider the wider political and economical context of participation, and, iii) advocates a simplistic discourse where top-down equals bad, and bottom-up equals good24. Content and subject knowledge It is necessary that environmental education aims at helping students gain societal understanding (the interdependence of different actors as outlined above and the social dilemma of environmental problems) and the ways society can respond to environmental challenges.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1096", "words": "4110", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "33", "author": "Feucht, Florian", "title": "Information seeking, decision making, and action taking in social and political contexts: An Introduction to Psychological Aspects of Democratic Citizenship", "date": "2010", "keywords": "action; beliefs; citizenship; competencies; education; knowledge; research; skills; system", "summary": "In the following sections of this introduction to the special issue on psychological competencies of today\u2019s democratic citizenship, I will first provide a very brief and limited chronological overview of how civic competencies were formulated and translated into specific learning objectives for civic education. Second, I develop a framework (Figure 1) on psychological aspects and civic competencies accounting for the everyday living and learning environments of citizens.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1097", "words": "12767", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Olafson, Lori", "title": "\u201cGood\u201d Americans and \u201cBad\u201d Americans: Personal Epistemology, Moral Reasoning, and Citizenship", "date": "2010", "keywords": "4(1; beliefs; country; development; factis; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; participants; perry; resisters; right; study; veterans; vietnam; vietnam war; view; war; world", "summary": "For example, Blasi maintained that concern for self identity is what motivates moral action: \u201cIntentionally acting against one\u2019s core values and commitments is then experienced as self-betrayal and as a loss of one\u2019s self. In particular, I was interested in the differences between Vietnam War resisters and veterans, given that these two groups had made such different decisions regarding their involvement in the war.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1098", "words": "7486", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Ruitenberg, Claudia", "title": "Conflict, Affect and the Political: On Disagreement as Democratic Capacity", "date": "2010", "keywords": "affective; castoriadis; democracy; disagreement; education; identification; identity; mouffe; order; politics; ranci\u00e8re", "summary": "In this paper I will focus on the role of affect in political disagreement and argue that political education ought to provide opportunities to foster affective attachments to political identities. In fact, I would consider it a failure of democratic political education if young people learn to avoid conflict or regard it as a breakdown of democracy, as I agree with Mouffe that \u201ca well-functioning democracy calls for a vibrant clash of democratic political positions.\u201d46", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1099", "words": "11675", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Weinstock, Michael", "title": "Epistemic Understanding and Sound Reasoning Skills that Underlie Effective Democratic Engagement", "date": "2010", "keywords": "argument; deliberation; democracy; development; evidence; juror; knowledge; kuhn; michael; number; press; reasoning; skills; understanding; university; verdict; weinstock", "summary": "In sum, by providing some regular support in the practice of argument, knowledge of argument skills, and understanding of goals of argument can improve argument quality and prompts students to engage in deliberation. One aspect of argument skills is the construction and evaluation of sound knowledge claims that are necessary for critical discussion aimed at producing the best fit between theoretical 16 Weinstock, Michael, \u201cCultural Values and Epistemological Development,\u201d 2010.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1100", "words": "10720", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Schraw, Gregory; Olafson, Lori; Vander Veldt, Michelle; Ponder, Jennifer", "title": "Teachers\u2019 Epistemological Stances and Citizenship Education", "date": "2010", "keywords": "beliefs; citizenship; curriculum; development; education; epistemology; knowledge; learning; number; participants; quadrant; relativist; research; students; studies; teachers; volume", "summary": "Rose Marra, \u201cTeacher beliefs: The impact of the design of constructivist learning environments on instructor epistemologies,\u201d Learning Environments Research, 8 (2005): 135\u2013155. Several previous studies have examined changes in epistemological beliefs across time1 however, none of these studies examined change in both epistemological and ontological world 1 \u00a0Joanne Brownlee, Teacher Education Students' Epistemological Beliefs, Research in Educaton (2004): 72, 1-17.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1101", "words": "4888", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Bendixen, Lisa", "title": "Argumentation, Anger, and Action: Citizenship Education In and Out of the Classroom", "date": "2010", "keywords": "beliefs; citizenship; classroom; education; epistemology; knowledge; reasoning; ruitenberg; students", "summary": "A good or effective citizen would: - be informed with civic knowledge and current socio-political events - feel comfortable with disagreement and conflict in political issues - have a clear and emotionally engaged political identity - recognize sound arguments and not fall prey to fallacious statements - be able to produce sound arguments about socio-political issues - have supporting skills and beliefs to question, debate, and change the social order - have an evaluativist perspective on knowledge and knowing - would find joy and pride in their political system yet could still be critical of it - participate in social and political activism - be skilled in informal reasoning about everyday controversial issues - imagine/desire a better society within the realistic confines of that social structure As has been discussed, more clearly imagining what could be in terms of engaged citizens can facilitate reform in citizenship education. She states that the skills of disagreement are a necessary \u201ccommunicative capacity\u201d (along with affect which will be discussed in a later section) that political education should cultivate in individual citizens and society.6 2 John Patrick, \u201cDefining, Delivering and Defending a Common Education for Citizenship in a Democracy.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1102", "words": "2798", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Snauwaert, Dale", "title": "Democracy as Public Deliberation and the Psychology of Epistemological World Views and Moral Reasoning: A Philosophical Reflection", "date": "2010", "keywords": "democracy; democratic; peace; press; reasoning; university", "summary": "Essays in Retrieval (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973). Julia Annas and Robert H. Grimm (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988); Nussbaum, Frontiers of Justice: Disabliity, Nationality, Species Membership; Martha C. Nussbaum, Human Functioning and Social Justice, Political Theory 20, no. 2 (1992); Sen, The Idea of Justice.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1103", "words": "11957", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Yudkin Suliveres, Anita; Pascual Mor\u00e1n, Anaida", "title": "Action Ideas in Educating for Human Rights and Towards a Culture of Peace in Puerto Rico", "date": "2009", "keywords": "action; culture; de educaci\u00f3n; de la; de paz; de puerto; de vieques; del; derechos; educaci\u00f3n para; education; en puerto; factis; juan; la paz; para la; pax; peace; puerto rico; rights; san; san juan; unesco de; universidad de; violence; violencia; y la", "summary": "14 Virgen C\u00e1ceres & Mar\u00eda R\u00edos La violencia nuestra de cada d\u00eda (San Juan, Puerto Rico: Centro de Investigaciones Sociales, Universidad de Puerto Rico, 2002); Perfil de la violencia en Puerto Rico 1984-2004 (San Juan, Puerto Rico: Centro Agenda para la Calidad de Vida, Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico, 2006); Segundo Encuentro de Prevenci\u00f3n de Violencia (San Juan, Puerto Rico: Comisi\u00f3n para la Prevenci\u00f3n de la Violencia, 2007). \u00a0 31 Garc\u00eda Tervijano, \u201cTres ideas-fuerza\u201d, 2007; Bueno, \u201cProyecto para una trituraci\u00f3n\u201d, 2004. \u00a0 32 Fernando Pic\u00f3, A la universidad desde la c\u00e1rcel (San Juan, Puerto Rico: C\u00e1tedra UNESCO de Educaci\u00f3n para la Paz, Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1999): Robert Rab\u00edn, Miriam Sob\u00e1 & Carlos Zen\u00f3n, De Vieques a la universidad (San Juan, Puerto Rico: C\u00e1tedra UNESCO de Educaci\u00f3n para la Paz, Universidad de Puerto Rico, 2003; Luis Rivera Pag\u00e1n, Entre el terror y la esperanza (San Juan, Puerto Rico: C\u00e1tedra UNESCO de Educaci\u00f3n para la Paz, Universidad de Puerto Rico, 2004); Anita Yudkin & Anaida Pascual, eds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1104", "words": "8095", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Moss, Andrew", "title": "On The Power(s) of Writing: What Writing Studies Can Offer to Peace and Human Rights Educators", "date": "2009", "keywords": "audience; composition; education; educators; factis; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; literacy; narrative; new; pax; peace; students; way; work; writing", "summary": "For peace educators, this insight into writing is crucial to the intense and challenging processes of peace education. For educators working within formal settings, there are the additional genres that powerfully define the quality of a learning environment: the syllabus, the written assignment, the power point presentation and lecture notes, the comments on students\u2019 written work.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1105", "words": "7097", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Alexander, Ronni", "title": "Human Rights, Popoki and Bare Life", "date": "2009", "keywords": "exception; factis; human; life; pax; peace; popoki; rights; story; work; zones", "summary": "If a clear distinction between human and non-human life is maintained, there is perhaps no need to consider the condition of non-human life in the context of human bare life. However, if we suggest that certainly outside of the zones of exception, non-human life is an integral part of human life, then perhaps we must also pay attention to the relationship between human bare life and the life of the rest of the living world.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1106", "words": "6780", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Scherling, Josefine", "title": "International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Education: An Exploration of Differences and Complementarity", "date": "2009", "keywords": "conflict; education; factis; human; international; law; pax; peace; red; rights; rights education; rights law; und; war", "summary": "Like Human Rights Law, Humanitarian Law is not static; it is constantly being developed. Only a detailed knowledge of the purpose of these two laws can show that an unreflected mingling of Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law would considerably lessen the acceptance and, as a consequence, the effectiveness and strength of both international laws as important instruments for the preservation of human dignity under different circumstances and with different means.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1107", "words": "3148", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Jalka", "title": "Spiritualiy: An Approach to Freedom and Democracy", "date": "2009", "keywords": "freedom; peace; spirituality; thinking; understanding; way", "summary": "Furthermore I will establish a link between spirituality and freedom. I want to reflect on the idea and concept of freedom, asking whether a specific concept of freedom could be related to spirituality as its basic source.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1108", "words": "4327", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Morrison, Mary Lee", "title": "Poetry and Peace: Explorations of Language and \u201cUnlanguage\u201d as Transformative Pedagogy", "date": "2009", "keywords": "language; levertov; new; peace; poetry; rumi; words; world", "summary": "In \u00a0Factis \u00a0Pax \u00a03(1) \u00a0(2009): \u00a088-\u00ad\u201098 \u00a0 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ \u00a0 \u00a0 94 \u00a0 Michael True, in his short biography of Denise Levertov, makes the point that the activities of making a new language (here he is referring to peace poetry) and making a new social order are parallel activities. I agree with Denise Levertov that at the root of good poetry is a reverence for life.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1109", "words": "5154", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "McFarland, MiaLisa", "title": "Broadening Horizons: Is There a Place for Peace Education in the American Legal System and More Specifically in Family Law?", "date": "2009", "keywords": "child; court; dispute; education; family; law; parties; peace; resolution; state", "summary": "Broadening_Horizons_Final-1[1] In Factis Pax 3(1) (2009): 99-111 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ 99 Volume 3 Number 1 (2009): 99-111 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ BROADENING HORIZONS: IS THERE A PLACE FOR PEACE EDUCATION IN THE AMERICAN LEGAL SYSTEM AND MORE SPECIFICALLY IN FAMILY LAW ? It discusses the traditional practice of family law through litigation and also details some alternative dispute resolution methods that are commonly used in Minnesota.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1110", "words": "6028", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Nojima, Daisuke", "title": "Anti-discrimination Education in Japan: Buraku Sabetsu Simulation", "date": "2009", "keywords": "buraku; burden; community; discrimination; education; factis; http:/; human; japan; pax; people; rights; sabetsu; simulation", "summary": "D. Kegare Impurity Lasts Forever Buraku people were discriminated against even after they passed away. And I know buraku people are doing strong human rights movements, and I hear some of them are very challenging.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1111", "words": "3480", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Bl\u00e9nesi, \u00c9va", "title": "Peace Playground: The prospects of developing community based creative partnerships on human rights, peace education and cultural practices in Hungary and elsewhere", "date": "2009", "keywords": "children; education; learning; life; number; play; rights; volume", "summary": "\u2022 Children and adults are expected to demonstrate increased self-confidence and emotional literacy, as well as engagement and developing ability to work, and respect others. \u2022 Challenged children, Roma and non-Roma children, teachers, artists, the community Volume 3 Number 1 (2009): 126-135 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ 133 \u2022 Children become more confident with learning challenges, and the staff more experienced in developing creative opportunities, parents and adults will be more engaging.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1112", "words": "1785", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Nario-Galace, Jasmin", "title": "Doing What We Teach", "date": "2009", "keywords": "culture; education; peace; students; violence", "summary": "And believing that peace education is an effective pathway to peace, we have brought it to other sectors beyond the academe: the religious, police, military, government workers, parents, out-of- school youth and members of street gangs, among others. Hence, peace educators are concerned not only with theories, but also on building awareness on the roots and effects of violence and on cultivating values and attitudes compatible to the building of a culture of peace.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1113", "words": "3708", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Anto, C. P.", "title": "Peace Channel: A channel for human rights education and peace in Nagaland", "date": "2009", "keywords": "church; human; india; naga; nagaland; peace; people; rights; society", "summary": "However, over the last decade and a half Naga women across tribes and neighboring states, based on their common experiences of sufferings over decades of armed violence, emerged as a formidable non-violent force in Naga society. Naga peace talks are over a decade old but a sense of negative peace prevails as opposed to positive peace.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1114", "words": "3053", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Ragland, David", "title": "Recasting Classical and Contemporary Philosophies to Ground Peace Education", "date": "2009", "keywords": "education; ethics; ibid; page; peace; philosophy; virtue; work", "summary": "According to the author, peace education is the exploration of peace moments and educational movements2 as well as a challenge to authority.3 Peace education connects the political violence to the personal. Thus, this book is partly phenomenological, in that it describes what peace education is, by examining some philosophies that might uncover and inform our thinking on peace.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1115", "words": "1508", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Snauwaert, Dale", "title": "Reclaiming a Democratic Political Community", "date": "2009", "keywords": "education; life; new; theobald", "summary": "These 1 John Dewey, Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education, Text-Book Series in Education (New York: The Macmillan company, 1916); Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed (New York: Continuum, 1970); Amy Gutmann, Democratic Education, revised edition ed. 2 Aristotle and Stephen Everson, The Politics, Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought (Cambridge [England] ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1116", "words": "4280", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Jenkins, Tony", "title": "The International Institute on Peace Education: Twenty-six Years Modeling Critical, Participatory Peace Pedagogy", "date": "2008", "keywords": "community; education; iipe; learning; peace; peace education; process; world", "summary": "Tony Jenkins In Factis Pax 2 (2) (2008): 166-174 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ 166 Volume 2 Number 2 (2008): 166-174 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ The International Institute on Peace Education: Twenty-six Years Modeling Critical, Participatory Peace Pedagogy Tony Jenkins Co-Director, Peace Education Center at Teachers College, Columbia University Program Coordinator, Global Education Associates Global Coordinator, International Institute on Peace Education Jenkins@g-e-a.org Introduction In 2005 the International Peace Bureau nominated the International Institute on Peace Education (IIPE) for the UNESCO Peace Education Prize. The IIPE has two primary goals: 1) to provide learning experiences and exposure to formal and non-formal educators to the content, pedagogy and 1 Cora Weiss, Nomination of the International Institute on Peace Education for the UNESCO", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1117", "words": "5305", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Bahruth, Robert", "title": "Persistence of Vision: Hegemony and Counterhegemony in the Everyday", "date": "2008", "keywords": "culture; everyday; freire; hegemony; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; new; paulo; pedagogy; persistence; vision; world", "summary": "During the opening panel introducing the central notions of critical pedagogy, numerous breakout groups worked separately, yet composed in different ways the question of how to resist conforming to the pressures of hegemony. One structure that was not provided is central to critical pedagogy: a complete cultural circle of all of the participants conducted by a person with experience in running such a structure.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1118", "words": "4866", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Pistolato, Francesco", "title": "Hans-Peter D\u00fcrr\u2019s thought as a source for peace work", "date": "2008", "keywords": "d\u00fcrr; knowledge; matter; new; physics; quantum; science; way; world", "summary": "He sees no opposition between spirit and matter and considers the latter to be a condensation of the former.14 This condensation happens continuously,15 \u201cin creative processes of a continuous differentiation and simultaneous or successful integration of differences\u201d,16 therefore: \u201cMany other worlds are possible\u201d.17 They are being continuously developed and can be applied to transmit at least some of D\u00fcrr\u2019s main ideas: \u2022 openness of life (potentiality, not determinism, future to be construed) and therefore: \u2022 confidence in the possibility of change (many other worlds are possible) \u2022 basic freedom within a much wider concept of natural laws \u2022 omni\u2010interconnectedness\u2029(racism\u2029and\u2029any\u2029selfish\u2029behavior\u2029as\u2029self\u2010damage)\u2029 \u2022 \u2026?\u2029", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1119", "words": "7297", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Alexander, Ronni", "title": "Popoki, What Color is Peace? Exploring critical approaches to thinking, imagining and expressing peace with the cat, Popoki", "date": "2008", "keywords": "education; expression; factis; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; learning; pax; peace; people; popoki; project; violence", "summary": "Through our work with Popoki Peace Project, we have learned the power of embodied memory with regard to the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (1995). Political Theory, October 2001, p.688 In Factis Pax 2 (2) (2008): 211-228 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ 227 The experience of participation in one Popoki Peace Project workshop will probably not create a peace-maker, but it certainly provides an entry point for envisioning and creating peace.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1120", "words": "4075", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "K\u00f6k, Havva", "title": "Unity-based Peace Education: A New Approach to Peace Education by Transforming World Views", "date": "2008", "keywords": "conflict; danesh; education; international; peace; proposal; unity; worldviews", "summary": "According to a Unity- Based Peace Education approach, \u201cour worldviews shape how we perceive, interpret, understand and respond to the realities around us. \u201cThe Elusive Nature of Peace Education\u201d.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1121", "words": "5881", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Steiner, Stan", "title": "Teaching About Peace Through Children's Literature", "date": "2008", "keywords": "books; children; discussion; group; literature; new york; participants; peace; people; press; reading; stories; time; world", "summary": "Bibliography on Books that Bring People Together In Factis Pax 2 (2) (2008): 229-244 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ 236 The following bibliography is not part of the above manuscript, but a more complete list of books fitting a multicultural theme of ethnic diversity within the story or book. 2 Paulo Freire and Myra Bergman Ramos, Pedagogy of the Oppressed (New York: Continuum, 1970).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1122", "words": "10805", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Mantziara, Nicoletta", "title": "The UNESCO Schools Cooperation Network Health Education Programme", "date": "2009", "keywords": "activities; activity; athens; children; discussion; education; greece; greek; group; individual; language; pax; peace; pupils; rights; school; writing; year", "summary": "At the end of the academic-year (June 2008): End-of-year celebration performances (by fourth year pupils from Greece: on the 12th of June 2008) Pupils performed a version of \u201cThe Animal-farm\u201d by George Orwell35, which we filmed on video. Our students also wrote group letters to urge the government to ratify the optional protocol on the convention on child rights banning the involvement of children in armed conflict.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1123", "words": "6853", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Adiv, Udi", "title": "Political Pedagogy Vs Coexistance Education: The Case of Israel\\Palestine", "date": "2008", "keywords": "coexistence; conflict; education; factis; history; israel; national; new; pax; people; press; state; system; zionist", "summary": "Evidently, what is lacking in Israeli education, and in the world at large, is that republican political perspective as the realization of the \u201cidea of good\u201d. Thus, the Jewish-Arab dichotomy, as the dominant discourse in Israeli education, is indeed specific and divisive as compared to MacDonald\u2019s and Toyota.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1124", "words": "3823", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Netzer, David", "title": "Painful Past in the Service of Israeli Jewish-Arab Dialogue: The Work of the Center for Humanistic Education at the Ghetto Fighters House in Israel", "date": "2008", "keywords": "arab; che; dialogue; education; holocaust; identity; israeli; participants", "summary": "In each case the factual description of the event is followed by my interpretation and conceptualization in reference to CHE practice. CHE process challenges deep-rooted conventions in three topics: \u2022 Involving Arabs in issues of the Holocaust \u2013 conventionally a Jewish area.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1125", "words": "7126", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Banks, Fran", "title": "Youth Initiatives in Conflict Zones: Focus Northern Ireland", "date": "2008", "keywords": "community; conflict; education; ireland; northern; northern ireland; organisations; people; programmes; work; years; youth; youth work", "summary": "The final focus of this paper looks at Northern Ireland youth initiatives in a post conflict framework and how the process are being re-evaluated and revised. It is important to note three factors here: Northern Ireland did not include the entire province of Ulster.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1126", "words": "9647", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Edozie, Imoh", "title": "Peace Education in Marginalized Communities in Nigeria: The 'Protect Our Future' Project", "date": "2008", "keywords": "area; community; conflict; country; factis; government; groups; kidnapping; leaders; militants; niger delta; nigeria; oil; pax; people; situation", "summary": "The newly created Ministry of Niger Delta, might be able to facilitate the process. There are various documented cases of non violent protest that various government crushed with ample violence.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1127", "words": "9939", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Ninsri, Son", "title": "Thailand\u2019s Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act B.E. 2551 (2008): A New Development in Human Rights Protection and Justice", "date": "2008", "keywords": "act; committee; human; offence; official; persons; section; suppression; thailand; trafficking; victims", "summary": "(iii) This Act does not protect trafficked victims especially aliens from being charged on the offence of immigration, labour, or prevention and suppression of prostitution laws. trafficked person who is an alien return to the country of residence or domicile without delay except such person is allowed the permanent residence in the Kingdom according to the immigration law or has been granted a relief, in an exceptional case, to stay in the Kingdom from the Minister of Interior, with evidence and documents under the law on census registration or the law on alien registration. In case where a person of the Thai nationality falls as trafficked person in a foreign country, and wants to return to the Kingdom or residence, the competent official shall undertake to clarify whether such person is a Thai or not.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1128", "words": "7624", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Goren, Nilsu", "title": "Weapons of Mass Destruction: Challenges Towards Nonproliferation in the Middle East", "date": "2008", "keywords": "arms; arms control; control; culture; east; international; middle; middle east; non; nuclear; proliferation; security; states; war; weapons; wmd", "summary": "Building on top of nuclear deterrence; nuclear disarmament and nuclear arms control are distinct concepts that are generally used interchangeably. Within the theoretical debate on nuclear deterrence, there are essential propositions that a near-consensus is achieved in the realist camp:2 a. Principal purpose of nuclear weapons is not to wage but to preclude large-scale war among major powers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1129", "words": "369", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Sheleff, Rinah", "title": "The Origins of Critical Pedagogy, or the Freirization of Paolo: A poem by Rinah Sheleff", "date": "2008", "keywords": "judge", "summary": "Rinah Sheleff 381 Volume 2 Number 2 (2008): 381-382 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ THE ORIGINS OF CRITICAL PEDAGOGY, OR THE FREIRIZATION OF PAOLO Rinah Sheleff A judge was asked by two people to settle a dispute between them. Paolo\u2019s mother was a wise woman to whom people in the community turned for advice and mediation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1130", "words": "7486", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Brenes, Abelardo", "title": "Education for Sustainable Development based on the Earth Charter", "date": "2008", "keywords": "change; charter; decade; development; earth; education; factis; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; human; life; nations; pax", "summary": "Brenes In Factis Pax 2 (1) (2008): 1-29 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ 1 Volume 2 Number 1 (2008): 1-29 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ Education for Sustainable Development based on the Earth Charter Abelardo Brenes, Ph.D. Special Advisor to Earth Charter International Member of Monitoring and Evaluation Expert Group (MEEG), United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development Mailing address: Apartado 95 Barrio M\u00e9xico 1005 San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica E-mail: abrenesca@racsa.co.cr In Factis Pax 2 (1) (2008): 1-29 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ 2 The Earth Charter, educational change and pedagogy Introduction This is an essay of hope in humanity\u2019s moral and intellectual capacity to envision, jointly plan, and carry-forth a concerted effort to meet the historically unique challenges we face and also to create opportunities for fulfilling the potential of our evolutionary heritage. Earth Charter International, \u201cEarth Charter\u201d.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1131", "words": "5314", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Blenkinsop, Sean; Beeman, Chris", "title": "The Earth Charter, a Radical Document: A Pedagogical Response", "date": "2008", "keywords": "change; charter; earth; earth charter; factis; nature; pax; story; students; world", "summary": "Discussions of non-violence, caims that \u201cevery form of life has value\u201d(Earth Charter), and questioning the \u201cdominant patterns of production and consumption\u201d (Earth Charter) all suggest that this document is positioning itself as being substantively different. Second, the Earth Charter places the Earth front and centre and insists upon the interrelatedness of environmental and human well-being.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1132", "words": "12274", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Snauwaert, Dale", "title": "The Cosmopolitan Ethics of the Earth Charter: A Framework for a Pedagogy of Peace", "date": "2008", "keywords": "ethics; factis; human; life; new; new york; pax; peace; press; princeton; respect; right; self; university; university press; war; york", "summary": "Jean Bethke Elshtain (New York: New York University Press, [1989] 1992); Robert L. Holmes, On War and Morality (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989); Terry Nardin, ed., The Ethics of War and Peace: Religious and Secular Perspectives (Princeton, NJ: Such a nullification of sovereignty and the principle of nonintervention must be confined to heinous actions, to crimes against humanity recognized by the Princeton University Press, 1996); Paul Ramsey, The Just War: Force and Political Responsibility (New York: University Press of America, [1968] 1983); James Turner Johnson, Just War Tradition and the Restraint of War: A Moral and Historical Inquiry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981); James Turner Johnson, Morality and Contemporary Warfare (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999); Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations (New York: Basic Books, 1997).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1133", "words": "9566", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Huggins, Karen; Kester, Kevin", "title": "The Earth Charter: Peace Education and Values for a Shared World", "date": "2008", "keywords": "charter; democracy; earth; earth charter; education; factis; factis pax; global; life; new; pax; peace; peace education; social; values; violence; world; york", "summary": "28 Betty Reardon explains: \u201cIn peace education violence is considered to be avoidable, intentional harm, inflicted for a purpose or perceived advantage of the perpetrator or of those who, while not direct perpetrators, are, however, advantaged by the harm,\u201d Education for a Culture of Peace in a Gender Perspective. During the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014),5 the Earth Charter operates as an international normative document for integrating values of sustainability into education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1134", "words": "1444", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Reardon, Betty", "title": "A Pedagogy of Alternatives: A Peace Education Comment on Mark Webb\u2019s \u201cLetter to Naomi Klein\u201d", "date": "2008", "keywords": "alternatives; klein; pedagogy", "summary": "Instructors might observe the significance of this approach, inviting students to consider still other alternatives to constructive critique in which the goal is not to reject through refutation, but to clarify ways to an alternative, preferred reality through the identification not only of the differences to be clarified but, especially of the complementarities that further illuminate the need for and possibilities of positive alternatives to the negative problematic. Reardon In Factis Pax 2 (1) (2008): 123-136 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ 131 Volume 2 Number 1 (2008): 131-136 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ A Pedagogy of Alternatives: A Peace Education Comment on Mark Webb\u2019s \u201cLetter to Naomi Klein\u201d Betty A. Reardon Founder, International Institute on Peace Education Founding Director Emeritus, Peace Education Center, Teachers College, Columbia University A major characteristic of the pedagogy of peace education as I have practiced it, is positing, assessing, and strategizing alternatives to the current world order, i.e. transforming reality.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1135", "words": "6952", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Cabezudo, Alicia", "title": "Acerca de la Identidad y Particularidad Educaci\u00f3n para la Construcci\u00f3n de Cultura de Paz. Aportes para Colombia", "date": "2017", "keywords": "am\u00e9rica; aprendizaje; armado; as\u00ed; colombia; como; con; conflictos; construcci\u00f3n; cultura; debe; del; derechos; desarme; desde; donde; educaci\u00f3n; educaci\u00f3n para; esta; estado; este; factis; formal; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; humanos; la paz; las; los; number2; para; para la; parte; pax; paz; pa\u00eds; por; principios; proceso; que; realidad; ser; sobre; social; sociedad; temas; todos; una; violencia; volume", "summary": "Este rol transformador permite construirnos en ciudadanos activos de un mundo complejo donde somos habitantes de una regi\u00f3n espec\u00edfica, ciudadanos de un pa\u00eds, portadores de una cultura o culturas y al mismo tiempo nos desarrollamos como ciudadanos conectados con un sistema global cada vez m\u00e1s interrelacionado que necesita de todos los habitantes del planeta y de la pr\u00e1ctica de solidaridad, fraternidad y cooperaci\u00f3n entre ellos. Las explicaciones se agotan y la pr\u00e1ctica de construcci\u00f3n del conocimiento mediante metodolog\u00eda reflexiva, activa y moderna", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1136", "words": "6598", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Webb, Mark", "title": "A Letter to Naomi Klein", "date": "2008", "keywords": "capitalism; change; factis; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; neoliberalism; pax; people; rules; south", "summary": "Social democracy in Sweden was not a project aimed at changing capitalist economic rules, it was an attempt at carefully working within them. Webb In Factis Pax 2 (1) (2008): 129-159 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ 137 Volume 2 Number 1 (2008): 137-159 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ Dear Naomi Klein, I recently finished reading your latest book, The Shock Doctrine.1 Your detailed account of the connections between neoliberal economic policy and the use of violent repression, the decline of welfare states, and the rise of corporatized war and disaster capitalism is compelling.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1137", "words": "9806", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Pascual Mor\u00e1n, Anaida", "title": "Educar en la Paz Conflictual Desde Pedagog\u00edas Cr\u00edticas /Creativas y Proyectos de Posibilidad en Escenarios Postconflicto", "date": "2017", "keywords": "acci\u00f3n; as\u00ed; colombia; como; con; conflicto; conflictual; construcci\u00f3n; creaci\u00f3n; cultura; de educaci\u00f3n; de la; de paz; del; derechos; derechos humanos; desde; diferencias; educaci\u00f3n; educaci\u00f3n para; en el; este; estudios; factis; facultad; graduados; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; humanos; investigaci\u00f3n; la educaci\u00f3n; la paz; las; los; mor\u00e1n; number; para; para la; pax; paz; paz y; pedagog\u00edas; piedras; por; proceso; proyectos; puerto; que; recinto; recuperado; recuperado de; rico; r\u00edo; social; una; unesco; universidad; violencia; volume; y la", "summary": "Por lo que me hago eco de las palabras de los colegas de la Escuela de Cultura de Paz de la Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona. La paz significa algo m\u00e1s que la ausencia de guerra y de conflicto; es un concepto din\u00e1mico que debe considerarse en t\u00e9rminos positivos: la presencia de la justicia social y la armon\u00eda, la posibilidad de que los seres humanos realicen plenamente sus posibilidades y gocen del derecho a una supervivencia digna y sostenible (UNESCO, 1994, p. 4).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1138", "words": "1364", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Williams, Hakim", "title": "Encyclopedia of Peace Education", "date": "2008", "keywords": "education; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; peace", "summary": "Militarism\u2019s exclusion of alternative solutions to the world\u2019s problems presents opportunities for peace education; peace research can assist in countering the seemingly irrefutable claims that violence/war is instinctual to humans, allowing peace education to boldly re-define \u201chuman security\u201d (p. 96). This is why this succinct volume proves to be so timely; it aims to \u201cprovide greater nuance to debates around peace education\u201d (p. 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1139", "words": "8271", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "de Sousa Santos, Boaventura", "title": "Colombia Between Neoliberal Peace and Democratic Peace", "date": "2017", "keywords": "colombia; conflict; democracy; factis; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; justice; land; model; number; pax; peace; process; rights; social; violence; volume", "summary": "There are two types of peace: neoliberal peace and democratic peace. At best, this demobilization aimed at securing neoliberal peace and was explicitly hostile to the idea of democratic peace.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1140", "words": "700", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Gerson, Janet; Yudkin, Anita", "title": "Introduction to Peace Building in Post-Conflict Contexts", "date": "2017", "keywords": "colombia; international; peace", "summary": "This issue on peace building in post-conflict contexts brings together diverse perspectives and actions in peace education and social justice studies. These efforts are taking place through civil society initiatives, peace education in formal educational settings, and among public groups, toward empowering citizens and transforming the civil and social cultures of Colombia from war to cultures of peace.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1141", "words": "1123", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Archer, Tim", "title": "Review of Pedagogy, Politics and Philosophy of Peace: Interrogating Peace and Peacemaking", "date": "2017", "keywords": "education; peace", "summary": "In total, the book consists of three parts: \u2018the contents of peace\u2019, \u2018challenges to peace education\u2019, and \u2018peace pedagogy\u2019. For peace education programmes to move beyond perpetuating hegemony, they claim four pillars need to be present: reinstating the materiality of things and practices; reontologizing research and practice in peace education; becoming critical experts of design; and engaging in critical cultural analysis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1142", "words": "1221", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Mische, Patricia M.", "title": "Review of A global security system: an alternative to war. ", "date": "2017", "keywords": "peace; security; war", "summary": "The major components of common security outlined in this work include: \u25aa Focus on common rather than only national security (win-win solutions) \u25aa Shift to non-provocative defense posture; \u25aa Create a nonviolent, civilian-based defense force; \u25aa Phase out military bases; \u25aa Disarm nuclear and conventional weapons in phased reductions, and end the arms trade; \u25aa End use of militarized drones; \u25aa Ban weapons in outer space; \u25aa End invasions and occupations; \u25aa Convert military spending to civilian needs; \u25aa Reconfigure the response to terrorism; use nonviolent responses instead, such as arms embargoes, civil society support, meaningful diplomacy, inclusive good governance, conciliation, arbitration, judicial solutions, education and accurate information-sharing, cultural exchanges, refugee repatriation, sustainable and just economic development, etc; \u25aa Include women in war prevention and peace-building; \u25aa Reform and strengthen the United Nations and other international institutions; \u25aa Strengthen the International Court of Justice (World Court) and the International Criminal Court; \u25aa Strengthen international law; \u25aa Foster compliance with existing international treaties and create new ones where needed; \u25aa Establish Truth and Reconciliation Commissions; \u25aa Create a fair and stable global economy In Factis Pax Volume 11 Number 2 (2017): 248-251 http://www.infactispax.org/journal 250 \u25aa Democratize international economic institutions (World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, World Bank); \u25aa Create a Global Parliament; \u25aa Develop a Culture of Peace; \u25aa Encourage the work of peaceful religious initiatives; \u25aa Promote peace journalism (distinct form war/violence journalism); \u25aa Spread and fund peace education and peace research; \u25aa Tell a \u201cNew Story\u201d rooted in a deepened consciousness and understanding of Earth as our common home and shared future. World Beyond War, 2016, 88 pp., US $16.97 (paperback), free digital download, ISBN 978-0-9980859-1-3 Reviewed by Patricia M. Mische geapatmische@aol.com Co-Author, Toward A Human World Order: Beyond the National Security Straitjacket, and Toward a Global Civilization, The Contribution of Religions Co-founder, Global Education Associates Lloyd Professor of Peace Studies and World Law at Antioch College (retired) A Global Security System summarizes some key proposals for ending war and developing alternative approaches to global security that have been advanced over the past half century.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1149", "words": "8125", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Finley, Laura", "title": "Jewban Diaspora Narratives on Identity, Belonging, Resilience, Privilege and Community ", "date": "2024", "keywords": "community; cuba; enrique; exiles; family; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; jewbans; jewish; jews; lilia; miami; new; number", "summary": "An island called home: Returning to Jewish Cuba. All four exiles reported that their mothers also worked, usually within family businesses.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1207", "words": "1165", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Park, Bomi", "title": "Review of Dale T. Snauwaert: Teaching peace as a matter of justice: toward a pedagogy of moral reasoning, PJSA book series, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2023, 239pp., ISBN 978-1-5275-1866-7", "date": "2024", "keywords": "book; justice; peace", "summary": "This book is a profound contribution to the discourse on peace education, asserting that the foundation of a peaceful society is predicated on the development of moral reasoning and justice-oriented citizenship. https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax mailto:Dianne.bomi.park@gmail.com Volume 18 Number 1 (2024): 46-48 https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax 47 This redefinition of peace education is timely and critical.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1209", "words": "10108", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Ardizzone, Leonisa", "title": "Peace Education, Transformation, and Responding to Climate Chaos", "date": "2024", "keywords": "change; chaos; climate; earth; education; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; learning; life; nature; number; peace; peace education; science; students; violence; volume; world", "summary": "Peace education is ideally suited as the methodology for climate education if we are committed to using a critical, analytical, intersectional, interdisciplinary approach that questions assumptions, poses problems, engages in counter- hegemonic thinking, and collaboratively encourages learners to examine root causes and generate solutions that are holistic, responsive, and long-lasting. About peace education practice, they share:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1278", "words": "6940", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Simpson, Erika", "title": "Cutting-Edge Dynamics of Drone Technologies: Military Strategies and Peaceful Innovations", "date": "2024", "keywords": "air; autonomous; delivery; drones; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; human; military; new; number; operations; states; strikes; systems; technology; use; volume; weapons", "summary": "Initially in the Afghanistan War, the U.S. government intended to use military drones against highly valued targets, like key leaders of al-Qaida. Rather than advocating for a blanket ban on drones due to their potential use in targeting individuals, such as al-Qaeda operatives in Pakistan or Russian soldiers in the Ukraine-Russia conflict, the article adopts a comprehensive approach by engaging with contemporary literature that assesses the complex implications of drone technology.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1307", "words": "6565", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Finley, Laura", "title": "Protecting Students? Rhetoric vs. Reality and Recommendations for Peace Educators in the United States", "date": "2024", "keywords": "ban; children; college; education; florida; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; kids; law; laws; legislation; number; republican; school; states; students; transgender; volume", "summary": "Lake County, Florida school district removed the book And Tango Makes Three because it allegedly violated the \u201cDon\u2019t Say Gay\u201d law. State officials alleged that the course was in violation of state law because it lacked \u201ceducational value and historical accuracy.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1309", "words": "3762", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Modi, Armene", "title": "Interview with Dr. Betty Reardon on the Theme of Peace Education", "date": "2024", "keywords": "education; language; peace; reardon", "summary": "Armene: Now turning to language teaching, what implication does Peace Education have for language teachers and should Peace Education be taught only by language teachers? Armene: So how can language teachers put the aims of Peace Education into practice?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1345", "words": "1596", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Dehm, Zachary", "title": "Book Review: The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace", "date": "2024", "keywords": "chapter; peace; religion; section; volume", "summary": "As many head to mosques, synagogues, churches, and the halls of government in pursuit of a fragile ceasefire or, better yet, a sustainable peace, volumes like this one can offer a resource for the trials of that great mission Additional References Murphy, Andrew R. (Ed.). The group of chapters in the first, entitled \u201cReligion and the Search for Peace,\u201d set the stage for the volume as a whole with a broad examination of religion and its relationship to violence and peacebuilding.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1462", "words": "8958", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Dietrich, Wolfgang", "title": "It Peaces! On the Linguistic Significance of Peacing as Activity ", "date": "2024", "keywords": "absence; dietrich; enframing; essence; european; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; human; individual; language; noun; number; peace; peace research; research; soul; speech; subject; systems; violence; volume; world", "summary": "His definition of structural violence provided orientation and direction for European peace research. In the course of its foundation, European peace research inherited a problem of interpretation by this regress to its Christian deep culture.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1463", "words": "9263", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Imoh, Colins", "title": "Affirmative Action in the Educational Sector: A Discriminative Practice or for Promoting Peaceful Living?", "date": "2024", "keywords": "action; country; education; federal; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; justice; nigeria; number; peace; policy; rawls; schools; society; states; unity; volume", "summary": "This paper divides Nigeria into two zones: northern Nigeria, with 19 states and southern Nigeria, with 17 states. The implementation of affirmative action policies can vary depending on the specific circumstances.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1467", "words": "8735", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Johnson, Ciara Renee", "title": "Using Climate Simulators to Facilitate Peacebuilding: A Study of Practice", "date": "2025", "keywords": "change; climate; climate change; climate simulators; community; data; energy; figure; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; impacts; number; peacebuilding; policy; roads; simulators; tool; use; volume", "summary": "As policy makers engage with scenario analysis via climate simulators, columns of numbers from spreadsheets transform into a human narrative via the visualization of climate change impacts on local communities. This article explores the pivotal role of climate simulators in fostering peacebuilding through informed, data-driven dialogues.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1525", "words": "11961", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Simpson, Erika; Hwang, Juneseo", "title": "Forging Peace in 2025-2030: The Role of Canada and South Korea as Middle Powers in Leading Global Conflict Resolution", "date": "2025", "keywords": "canada; conflict; deterrence; global; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; international; korea; middle; military; north; nuclear; number; peace; powers; security; simpson; south; south korea; states; united; volume; war; weapons", "summary": "South Korea learned important lessons following the North Korea-U.S. Summit in 2019 as North Korean Foreign Minister Ri Yong Ho expressed North Korea\u2019s frustration over the devaluation of its \u2018offers\u2019 by the U.S. government (Nishino, 2019). Civil society actors in South Korea, including humanitarian aid suppliers and reunification movement organizations, are actively engaged in building relationships with North Korea to advance the inter-Korean peace process, despite ongoing political conflicts and tensions at the state level.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1605", "words": "6173", "extension": ".docx", "flesch": "34", "author": "Navarro Caparr\u00f3s, Raquel", "title": "Revitalizing Regional Landscapes, Redefining Peace: Satoyama and Satoumi as Models for Eco-Relational Justice in Japan", "date": "2025", "keywords": "communities; conservation; foundation; furusato; human; japan; landscapes; management; nature; peace; practices; satoumi; satoyama; totoro", "summary": "In this way, Totoro is not just a symbol of nature; he becomes a guardian of ecological peace, reminding us that sustainability is not only about protecting biodiversity but about preserving the cultural and emotional landscapes that sustain human relationships with the natural world. Transition of Satoyama landscapes in Japan.", "mime": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"}, {"id": "infactispax-1609", "words": "14657", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Archer, David Tim; Sellman, Edward; Unger, Josefina; Wilson, Rosanna", "title": "Self, Eco-relationality and Peace Pedagogy: Lessons and Challenges from Wisdom Traditions ~ A Dialogue.", "date": "2025", "keywords": "education; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; human; learning; mindfulness; nature; new; number; peace; peace education; people; perspectives; research; self; sellman; traditions; volume; wisdom; work; world", "summary": "We believe such perspectives align with, and in some cases even predate, decolonial and philosophical critiques of peace education, offering specific methodologies that could transform our ways of being away from current Neoliberal framings towards more ecologically-centric and relational sensibilities. In our first entries we will say a little more about our early educational careers, what brought us to peace education and the themes and questions our initial journeys raised before revisiting each other\u2019s reflections.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1625", "words": "10395", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Wintersteiner, Werner", "title": "The Ecological Challenge of Peace Education: A plea for a new Comprehensive Peace Education", "date": "2025", "keywords": "culture; development; earth; education; global; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; human; life; nature; new; number; peace; peace education; thinking; volume; way; world", "summary": "(Ferdinand, 2022, online text no pagination) Postcolonial ecological (peace) pedagogy As we have seen, peace education has had ecological issues in mind since its modern constitution as \u201ccritical peace education\u201d (e.g. Wulf 1974, Haavelsrud 1974). This text traces the paths that peace education has taken over the last half century in developing such a way of thinking.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1628", "words": "4249", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Rigoni Grabar, Paola; Mancarella, Dino", "title": "The Relationship Between Education and the Environment: A Critical and Nonviolent Perspective", "date": "2025", "keywords": "education; environment; experience; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; learning; nature; number; pedagogy; volume; world", "summary": "Reductionist approaches, which privilege certainty, quantification, and control, risk obscuring the complexity of educational experience. In an age of oversimplification, ecological education offers a powerful response: it prepares minds to see the bigger picture and to act with awareness of the interdependence between living beings (Louv, 2008).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1630", "words": "11358", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Gerson, Janet C.; Knox-Steiner, Stephanie; Pastoors, Dani*el*a", "title": "Widening and Wilding The Socio-Ecological Dimensions of Peace Experiences from the International Institute on Peace Education: Experiences from the International Institute on Peace Education", "date": "2025", "keywords": "education; experience; hospicing; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; iipe; interbeing; learning; life; modernity; mosaic; number; participants; peace; peace education; time; volume; workshop; world", "summary": "At minimum, may the foundational concepts \u2014modernity problematized, peace, interbeing, and sentipensar -- and the organizing concepts \u2013 https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax In Factis Pax Volume 19 Number 1 (2025): 256-281 https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax 279 substrate, interstices, and intersubjectivity -- inform other peace education contexts and endeavors. Focused on peace education, we consider these relations and how we might open our sensing, feeling and thinking toward deeper relations in peace learning.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1631", "words": "4970", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "29", "author": "Svigelj, Melissa", "title": "Solidarity in an Eco-Relational Paradigm for Peace and Justice?", "date": "2025", "keywords": "climate; earth; eco; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; human; justice; number; paradigm; relational; solidarity; volume", "summary": "Solidarity Since its evolution, the term solidarity has inspired many definitions, levels, forms, interpretations, categorizations, and material enactments. More- than-human solidarity in an eco-relational paradigm insists on the need to account for all components and other beings in ecosystems \u201cwith their own radically diverse life projects, capacities, phenomenologies, ways of being, functionings, forms of integrity, and relationalities\u201d (Celermajer et al., 2021, p. 15).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1632", "words": "6871", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Gonzalez Torres, Leonardo; V\u00e1zquez Rico, In\u00e9s", "title": "Exploring psycho-educational horizons in the face of the climate crisis: links between contemplative pedagogy and the eco-relational paradigm of peace.", "date": "2025", "keywords": "climate; compassion; context; crisis; earth; education; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; human; number; paradigm; peace; planet; practices; volume", "summary": "We are particularly interested in the possibility of promoting experiential work that contributes to the promotion of ecological peace in people. This has resulted in proposals and practices of nonviolent civil resistance, peace education in the context of Indigenous peoples, and the use of alternative communication networks, https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax In Factis Pax Volume 19 Number 1 (2025): 123-144 https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax 126 among others.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1633", "words": "6088", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Munroe, Amanda", "title": "Toward Place-Based Peace Pedagogies", "date": "2025", "keywords": "education; enclosure; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; modernity; number; place; press; self; time; tradition; university; volume", "summary": "Exploring the conceptualization of place in his 1977 book, Space and Place, humanist geographer Yi-Fu Tuan wrote, \u201cif we think of space as that which allows movement, then place is pause; each pause in movement makes it possible for location to be transformed into place\u2026\u201d (p. 6). In his book, The Larger Conversation: Contemplation and Place, poet and philosopher Tim Lilburn (2017) provides a searching distinction between the notion of the atomic self, the self that \u201cfloats,\u201d and an \u201cemplaced self,\u201d one responsible and responsive to place.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1636", "words": "4754", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Amster, Randall", "title": "Interdependence, Interconnectedness, and Intersectionality: The Ecology of Positive Peace", "date": "2025", "keywords": "climate; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; human; issues; justice; number; peace; volume; war; world", "summary": "Drawing upon lessons from environmental justice, such examples of deeply rooted socioecological praxis can help transform unjust arrangements of power\u2014while being cognizant of the twin suppositions that those who have suffered the most from disparate environmental burdens should not bear primary responsibility for remediating those crises and that we should engage these issues \u201cwithout resorting to either victimization or valorization by cultivating pathways toward collaborative ecological engagement, emphasizing policy frameworks and lived experiences equally in seeking tenable and durable solutions\u201d (Amster & Kato 2018, p. 7). Pellow further reflects on the need to go beyond \u201cstate power\u201d as the primary unit of analysis for redressing social and ecological harms, instead seeking ways to ground struggles for environmental justice in communities as establishing mechanisms to \u201cdeepen direct democracy\u201d by creating new spaces for autonomous activities (pp. 24-25).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1642", "words": "9580", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Gittins, Phill", "title": "World-Centred Peace Education: Toward a Framework for Socio-Eco Peace in Times of Systemic Crisis", "date": "2025", "keywords": "domain; framework; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; human; number; peace; peace education; people; practice; relationships; research; systems; volume; war; world", "summary": "At the policy level, peace education frameworks must be reimagined to explicitly integrate social and ecological concerns rather than treat them as separate domains. These domains support peace education that is holistic, inclusive, and responsive to place, time, and community.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1652", "words": "8451", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Mehdi, Syed Sikander", "title": "Wars, Trees and the Struggle for Peace", "date": "2025", "keywords": "forests; hiroshima; https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; humans; life; military; number; peace; peace trees; studies; trees; violence; volume; war; wars; world; world war", "summary": "In Factis Pax Volume 19 Number 1 (2025): 160-179 https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax 160 Volume 19 Number 1 (2025): 160-179 https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax ISSN 2578-6857 Wars, Trees and the Struggle for Peace Syed Sikander Mehdi sikandermehdi2025@yahoo.com & sikander.mehdi@gmail.com People who will not sustain trees will soon live in a world that will not sustain people Bryce Nelson Abstract The historical, spiritual, environmental and humanistic properties of trees are recognized worldwide. Key Words: Violence against Trees; Peace Trees and their Stories; Climate Change; Bodhi Peace Trees; Hiroshima Peace Trees; New International Peace Movement and Trees Introduction The commonality between humans and trees is striking.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1664", "words": "845", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Greer-Travis, Chitranjan", "title": "Book Review Anderson, E. (2023). Hijacked: How Neoliberalism Turned the Work Ethic Against Workers and How Workers Can Take It Back. ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "anderson; work", "summary": "In contrast to the current model of work ethic, Anderson advocates for a more global society founded on equality, the development of capabilities through educational opportunities, and meaningful work. The smoking gun for Anderson is neoliberalism, as well as Jeremy Bentham\u2019s views on the panopticon and other poor relief acts, which erode work more than they fuel the economy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-1665", "words": "1388", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Carpenter, Jalen", "title": "Book Review Snauwaert, Dale T. 2023. Teaching Peace as a Matter of Justice: Toward a Pedagogy of Moral Reasoning. ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/infactispax; justice; peace; studies", "summary": "The components of peace studies is the tool of choice to inform the framework construction, the focus of which is noted as inquiry into the causes of violence and its consequences, methods of conflict resolution and transformation, methods of peace-building, justifications of peace on multiple levels of the human experience (Lopez, 1999, 2008; Snauwaert, 2023, p. 15). Part I focuses on defining and clarifying the varying definitions of peace and violence, the formation of normative justification (i.e., justifiable principles of justice), and the development of reasoning and judgment based in the logical structure of peace studies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-954", "words": "2031", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Richards, Howard", "title": "Magnus Haavelsrud, Education in Developments, Volume 3", "date": "2022", "keywords": "chapter; education; haavelsrud; peace; volume", "summary": "Volume 3 (Oslo: Arena, 2020)1 By Howard Richards Professor emeritus Magnus Haavelsrud, of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, has been a leading thinker in social science, peace studies and peace education for more than half a century, often working closely with Johan Galtung and Betty Reardon. The general approach of transdisciplinary analysis passes a severe test when applied to peace education in three such different contexts:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-955", "words": "1270", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Gerstner, Nicki; Shin, Jungyoon", "title": "Educating for Peace and Human Rights: An Introduction", "date": "2022", "keywords": "education; hre; peace", "summary": "The practical examples in Chapter 4 are based in the Global South: India\u2019s People\u2019s Watch implementing HRE nationwide through its Institute for Human Rights Education (IHRE) operating in \u201cgovernment-run schools\u201d and a Bangladesh NGO, BRAC (Building Resources Across Communities) providing HRE as a \u201cfoundation for legal, advocacy, and community mobilization strategies \u2026 tailored to the realities of poor, rural women\u201d The foundational concepts of liberatory education make the roots; while the leaves represent the outcomes that the field adopts, such as \u201cpositive peace, negative peace ...and global citizenship\u201d (p. 96).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-956", "words": "9893", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Ross, Karen", "title": "Aspiring to Transformation: Solidarity and Prefiguration in an Educational Social Movement Organization", "date": "2022", "keywords": "actors; education; israel; jewish; movement; number; organization; palestinian; participants; reut; sadaka; sadaka reut; solidarity; staff; work", "summary": "The following year, I attended the 3rd of 4 weekend-long strategic planning sessions organized for Sadaka Reut staff and board members as a part of an ongoing strategic planning process. Volume 16 Number 1 (2022): 1-25 http://www.infactispax.org/journal 10 with Sadaka Reut staff served as a form of both preliminary analysis and member checking.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-957", "words": "7559", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Gilbert Tarugarira, Gilbert; Moyo, Mbusi", "title": "Creating and Developing Capacities for National Healing and Peace Building in Zimbabwe Through \u2018Difficult History\u2019", "date": "2022", "keywords": "government; gukurahundi; history; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; matabeleland; national; ndebele; number; past; peace; people; reconciliation; violence; volume; zanu; zimbabwe", "summary": "Unless a deliberate effort is made to incorporate peace education through the lens of \u2018difficult history\u2019, the cycles of ethnic violence characterising post-colonial Zimbabwe will continue unabated. Key words: difficult history, Gukurahundi, healing, reconciliation, Ndebele, Shona Introduction In Zimbabwe, public schooling is a government responsibility and this explains why some official curricula have been shown to encourage compliance with the dominant political status quo.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-958", "words": "7126", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Finley, Laura", "title": "Death Penalty as State Crime: Examining the Physical and Mental Health Concerns with Capital Punishment in the U.S.", "date": "2022", "keywords": "court; crime; death; death penalty; drugs; execution; injection; lockett; number; penalty; rights; state; u.s; volume", "summary": "Abstract This paper begins with a review of the relevant literature on state crime. This paper begins with a review of the relevant literature on state crime.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-959", "words": "9494", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Benson, George", "title": "Why Peace and Justice Education is Important in Places of Worship: An Introduction and Curriculum Proposal to Peace and Justice Education in Companion to the Sermon on the Moun", "date": "2022", "keywords": "christians; citizen; education; jesus; justice; number; peace; people; reardon; reconciliation; sermon; volume", "summary": "As Reardon (1989) writes in Comprehensive Peace Education: Peace as a network of humane relationships based on equity, mutuality, and the inherent worth of all persons might be interpreted as the manifestation of global justice. For learners to realize that an essential part of peace and justice education and living is to call out structures and systems of violence.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-960", "words": "3609", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Mushtaq, Saeed; Majeed, Mehak", "title": "Aesthetic Deprivation in Perpetual Conflict", "date": "2022", "keywords": "conflict; j&k; kashmir; life; number; peace; people; region; volume", "summary": "Instead of cherishing the meaning of life silently sung by the swaying water, the women in rural Kashmir use it more often to get rid of garbage. Given his age he is not sure if he can return to mountains but on the arrival of durable peace, he wishes that every young person in Kashmir realizes his/her innate calling from the mountains and experience the aesthetic air we are born to breathe in.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-961", "words": "6818", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Gonz\u00e1lez Torres, Leonardo", "title": "Contacto intergrupal y repercepci\u00f3n como mediadores de procesos de paz intercultural: Programa de encuentros de educaci\u00f3n para la paz.", "date": "2023", "keywords": "aprendizaje; atenci\u00f3n; capacidad; como; compasi\u00f3n; con; contacto; del; desde; diferentes; disminuci\u00f3n; educaci\u00f3n; encuentro; entre; espacios; esta; este; estos; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; intercultural; la paz; las; los; mindfulness; number; para; participantes; paz; peace; personas; por; prejuicio; procesos; promover; pr\u00e1ctica; puede; que; relaci\u00f3n; sobre; trabajo; una; violencia; volume", "summary": "la promoci\u00f3n de la paz con una perspectiva multicultural o intercultural. En el campo de la educaci\u00f3n y la construcci\u00f3n de paz \u201cla paz debe construirse ecum\u00e9nicamente, interculturalmente, desde un di\u00e1logo cultural en el que participen todas las vivencias y tradiciones de paz, rescatando y activando ese tesoro oculto esparcido por toda la humanidad\u201d (Jim\u00e9nez, 2016, p. 24)3. 3 Una de las cr\u00edticas a la paz intercultural que se ha realizado el mencionado autor es que \u00e9sta es incompleta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-963", "words": "11626", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Salazar Cruces, Jos\u00e9 F\u00e9lix", "title": "Nuevas realidades, nuevas pr\u00e1cticas educativas: Esbozo de un espacio socio-reflexivo en la formaci\u00f3n en psicolog\u00eda social en Venezuela", "date": "2023", "keywords": "antillano; aspectos; as\u00ed; cada; clase; como; con; con el; con la; cuestionario; c\u00f3mo; de la; de los; del; dentro; desde; docente; education; ello; en el; en la; en los; entre; era; eso; espacio; esta; este; esto; estudiantes; experiencia; formaci\u00f3n; formas; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; investigaci\u00f3n; las; lo que; los; muchos; mundo; m\u00e1s; nos; number; otros; para; para la; paz; peace; pero; por; porque; proceso; propia; pr\u00e1cticas; psicolog\u00eda; puede; punto; que; que el; que se; qu\u00e9; realidades; reflexivo; relaci\u00f3n; sea; ser; sin; sobre; social; sociales; socio; sus; todo; una; venezuela; vida; violencia; volume; y el; y la; zubillaga", "summary": "La filosof\u00eda y el espejo de la naturaleza. Al final del curso, el tipo de relaci\u00f3n y de conocimiento que se establece entre los/las compa\u00f1eros/as entre s\u00ed y con el docente es de bastante cercan\u00eda.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-964", "words": "971", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Bajaj, Monisha", "title": "Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution", "date": "2023", "keywords": "haitian; revolution; rights", "summary": "This book details the relevance of the Haitian Revolution for the field of human rights through detailed analyses of the economic, social, political, historical, and cultural realities of the colony of Saint Domingue (1697-1804) and later, the independent nation of Haiti. From the perspective of the book\u2019s utility for students and scholars of human rights, the weakness of this work lies in its failure, aside from in the brief epilogue, to connect Haiti\u2019s present-day reality to the rich narrative of its history of struggle and resistance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-965", "words": "11075", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Huse, Heidi", "title": "Words Matter: Exposing the Camouflaged Violence of Hunting Rhetoric ", "date": "2023", "keywords": "animals; bear; christian; conservation; god; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; human; hunters; hunting; language; life; nature; number; scully; violence; volume; welch; wildlife; words", "summary": "Rather than seriously question hunting violence, if hunting is made public at all, defenders of hunting have the last word, consistently presenting the sport as a time-honored pastime that only reflects the best of noble character and human stamina against unpredictable nature. On a Web page entitled, \u201cMinistry to Hunters,\u201d Founder Tom C. Rakow writes that one \u201cprimary objective of the Christian Deer Hunters Association is to reveal and encourage a Biblical World View approach to deer hunting,\u201d imbuing hunting with a godly virtue, which he then contrasts with the more pagan, idolatrous, and non-Christian worldview that condemns hunting and values animal life as sacred.27 Scully found a similar theology in his visit to the SCI convention.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-966", "words": "4452", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Jacobson, Anya", "title": "Nonviolence as a Way of Knowing in the Public School Classroom", "date": "2023", "keywords": "knowledge; number; peace; truth; violence; war", "summary": "Johan Galtung describes violence as \u201cavoidable insult to human needs,\u201d and distinguishes between what he termed \u2018structural violence\u2019 (\u201cexploitation built into a social system\u201d such as poverty) from direct violence (such as war).11 For Ivan Illich, violence is a compromise to diversity and racism, marginalization, and essentialism are considered violent.12 Michael Nagler writes, \u201cdehumanization is the beginning of all violence.\u201d13 Peace education is a growing field, and most commonly means either adding content relating to peace\u2014peace movements, nonviolent leaders etc. to the curriculum2 or conflict resolution skills, peer mediation, and communication skills.3 Both of these are valuable additions to every child\u2019s education and every teacher\u2019s training.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-967", "words": "5740", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Lehner, Daniela", "title": "Pluriversal and Relational Pedagogies for Peace(s)", "date": "2023", "keywords": "education; escobar; modernity; need; new; number; peace; press; volume; world", "summary": "Also, within peace education we have to listen to the voices of marginalized communities (Shirazi, 2011). At the same time, it is crucial for peace education to dismantle structures of colonialization and Enlightenment\u2019s moralistic and normative values that has also shaped the philosophical grounding of peace education (Zembylas, 2018, p. 2\u20134).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-968", "words": "6395", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Bryzzheva, Lyudmila", "title": "Exploring Our Perceptual Limitation", "date": "2023", "keywords": "dignity; factis; factis pax; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; human; limitation; pax; people; person; ways", "summary": "Peaceful relationships are the ones that celebrate human dignity and life and, since I hold human dignity to be one of the most valuable human3 possessions, I also believe that a condition that jeopardizes human dignity (both one\u2019s own and that of another) ought to be treated or addressed in other ways which will be revealed in subsequent sections of this paper. This work is prompted by a growing belief that perceptual limitation may negatively affect our peaceful relationships with people.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-969", "words": "9077", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Wilson, Melodie; Daniel, Yvette", "title": "The Preparation of Pre-Service Teachers for a Culture of Dignity and Peace", "date": "2023", "keywords": "change; conflict; education; factis; factis pax; pax; peace; peace education; pedagogy; schools; social; teacher; theory; violence", "summary": "Understanding peace education means coming to terms with its participatory, holistic and ongoing nature. Peace education is built on a philosophy that teaches nonviolence, compassion, equity, love, trust, cooperation, and respect for humanity and all life on our planet.2 Certainly, the issues of violence and the need for peace are not new ideas.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-970", "words": "8924", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Brantmeier, Edward", "title": "Connecting Inner and Outer Peace: Buddhist Meditation Integrated with Peace Education", "date": "2023", "keywords": "buddhist; education; factis; factis pax; http://www.infactispax.org/journal/; meditation; mind; pax; peace; peace education; practice; violence; world", "summary": "This is a specific reference to meditation practice in the Gelupta order, one of several orders in Tibetan Buddhism. These practices are not so far removed from meditation practices.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-971", "words": "10431", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Snauwaert, Dale; Reardon, Betty", "title": "Dialogue on Peace as the Presence of Justice: Ethical Reasoning as an Essential Learning Goal of Peace Education -- An Invitation to Peace Educators from Dale Snauwaert and Betty Reardon", "date": "2022", "keywords": "education; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; issn; justice; learning; number; peace; press; reasoning; rights; society; university; volume", "summary": "They might also be drawn from media accounts of un-remedied harms or disputed human rights claims. As you suggest, the claims and obligations of justice, which form the ethical core of peace education, can be expressed in the language of rights and duties, and therefore, peace educators have a moral duty to provide the opportunity for human rights learning and a learning environment consistent with justice.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-972", "words": "8730", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Finley, Laura; Esposito, Luigi", "title": "Educators as Bogeyman: Exploring the Attacks on Public Education in the 2020s and Offering Recommendations for a More Peaceful K-12 Educational Climate", "date": "2022", "keywords": "american; anti; bill; crt; education; educators; florida; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; issn; new; number; parents; public; racism; school; states; teachers; teaching; volume", "summary": "In 1934, for example, state legislator Irving Ives sponsored a bill that required public school teachers to sign a \u201cloyalty oath\u201d as a defense against communism and other \u2018isms\u2019\u201d that were oppositional to the American government, capitalism, and way of life (Ekrich, 1967, p. 357). Additionally, no public school district, public charter school, or public virtual charter school teacher, administrator, counselor, employee, or volunteer shall use any curricula with content related to social emotional learning in the training, instruction, or education of students, with the bill specifying that it applies to all learning resources.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-973", "words": "10569", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "John, Gasasira; Gachihi, Margaret; Amatsimbi, Herbert; Ruvebana, Etienne", "title": "Resolving Interpersonal Conflicts through Accessible Justice in Rwanda: The Contribution of Access to Justice Bureaus", "date": "2022", "keywords": "access; bureaus; conflict; court; genocide; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; issn; justice; justice bureaus; law; mediation; number; peace; people; rule; rwanda; violence; volume", "summary": "As illustrated in Figure 1, Access to Justice Bureaus were created to dispense free legal remedies through four different functions: conflict mediation, legal counsel and representation, legal awareness, and enforcement of the court decisions. Strengthening the rule of law through accessible justice The respondents explained that Access to justice Bureaus helped in ensuring that people were treated equally and in accordance with the law.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-974", "words": "5060", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Hazelton, Matthew", "title": "Souls not Skin: An Examination of War and Peace Education in the context of W.E.B Dubois\u2019 The Souls of Black Folk", "date": "2022", "keywords": "dubois; education; injustice; justice; peace; peace education; snauwaert; souls; war", "summary": "Matthew Hazelton University of Toledo The primary purpose of this paper is broadly to discuss the normative foundations of peace education in the context of war and peace. While this is the primary purpose of the paper, I will also centrally utilize the narrative lens of W.E.B DuBois as exhibited in his seminal 1903 work The Souls of Black Folks throughout as a contextual framework for the theoretical conversations seen throughout the field of peace education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-975", "words": "5594", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Wegert, Jessica", "title": "The Heart of Justice: Peace\u2019s Process as the Essence of Liberating Choice, Moral Systems, and Consciousness", "date": "2022", "keywords": "choice; core; fear; justice; methods; peace; process; realities", "summary": "Peace as process: personal peace as the point of departure If peace is to be practiced and collective resistance is to gain strength, then these methods are also to be taught and learned. Peace is a fundamental component of basic human rights, and evidence of peace is evidence of justice.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-976", "words": "5720", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Greer-Travis, Chitranjan", "title": "People Over Profit: Rejecting Corporate Egoism", "date": "2021", "keywords": "city; democracy; detroit; education; nature; number; people; rand; shiva; work", "summary": "A change must also occur through environmental education. Environmental education should be a strong part of the curriculum in K-12 schools, especially in marginalized communities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-977", "words": "5630", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Yazdani, Hafiza; Devere, Heather", "title": "Gender and Peace Education in Afghanistan", "date": "2021", "keywords": "afghanistan; content; education; gender; girls; number; peace; peace education; school; textbooks; volume; women", "summary": "Peace education aims not only at negative peace, or the absence of war, but also at positive peace, to address direct, structural and cultural violence, and to empower students with a peaceful consciousness that condemns discrimination by respecting all human beings equally (Galtung 1990; Grewal 2003; Bajaj and Chiu 2009; Kester 2010; Reardon1988). Recognition of gender and gender equality is a core aspect of peace education (Harris and Morrison 2013; Standish 2016; Webel and Galtung 2007).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-978", "words": "8251", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "McGregor, Sue", "title": "Democratic Consumption", "date": "2021", "keywords": "capitalism; consumer; consumerism; consumption; democracy; freedom; good; number; people; principles; rights; state; volume; welfare", "summary": "This think piece explores the idea of democratic consumption. Five ideas were associated with democratic consumption with nominal agreement on how and in what direction: common good, economic freedom and capitalism, welfare state, ethical consumption, and diverse consumer interest.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-979", "words": "1967", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Wright, Jocelyn", "title": "Peacebuilding in language education: Innovations in theory and practice", "date": "2021", "keywords": "chapter; education; language; peace; peacebuilding; volume", "summary": "They then share advice and recommend classroom materials, ways of structuring interactive activities, and strategies for integrating and reinforcing peace language and skills. After featuring the triumphant story of an individual\u2019s \u2018pathway of positive peace\u2019 (p. 208), she cites work by notable supporters of love.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-980", "words": "4636", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Meng, Vanessa", "title": "Local Worldmaking Through Little Dragons for a Better World: A Case Study of a Intercultural Community Building Project", "date": "2023", "keywords": "american; asian; chinese; community; education; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; number; time; volume; world", "summary": "Most of the time CA-ACs are understood as those who put their head down and work on their lives \u904e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c0f\u65e5\u5b50 (a common saying amongst Chinese communities). Little Dragons of a Better World has a similar mission, centering Chinese American and American Volume 17 Number 1 (2023): 62-75 http://www.infactispax.org/journal 64 Chinese families (CA-AC) living in the Swarthmore Wallingford areas in Delaware County, Pennsylvania.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-981", "words": "5736", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Li, Zhen", "title": "Fighting Against Climate Change to Build Positive Peace: Proposal of an Intersectional Panel on Environmental Peacebuilding in Sudan", "date": "2023", "keywords": "change; climate; energy; number; panel; peace; peacebuilding; resources; sudan; tribes", "summary": "This model shows us that within 34 middle-low-income countries, when holding the CO2 emission constant, one MWh increase in renewable energy consumption per capital in the previous year predicts an increase of 114 in the number of deaths in conflict and terrorism within those countries in the current year. Lagged renewable energy consumption per capital 114.22 (341.30)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-982", "words": "6450", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Kim, HyoYoung; Knox Steiner, Stephanie Marie", "title": "Community Dreamwork as Intercultural Peacelearning", "date": "2023", "keywords": "breath; community; dreams; dreamwork; education; iipe; learning; number; peace; pedagogy; volume", "summary": "Dreams are a form of knowledge and understanding, and dreamwork is a process of meaning-making from the images, scenarios, and feelings that arise in dream states. All humans (and more-than-humans that we are aware of) experience dream states.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-983", "words": "6070", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Finley, Laura; Esposito, Luigi", "title": "Antifa as Bogeyman", "date": "2020", "keywords": "antifa; fascist; groups; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; number; people; police; protests; right; states; trump; united; violence; volume", "summary": "Currently, Antifa groups in The United States and elsewhere are committed to actively opposing\u2014both through non-violent and direct action tactics\u2014any individual, group, or organization that, in one way or another, promotes racism, sexism, xenophobia, homophobia and other systems of oppression. In fact, when Antifa groups in the United States organized to prevent white nationalist Richard Spencer, or controversial right wing provocateurs like Anne Coulter and Milo Yiannopoulos from speaking on college campuses, they were denounced by many as politically correct fanatics carrying out the modern equivalent of book burnings.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-984", "words": "7314", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Yazdani, Hafiza", "title": "History of Formal Education and Influence of Politics in Afghanistan", "date": "2020", "keywords": "afghanistan; baiza; country; development; education; girls; government; khan; number; school; students; system; women", "summary": "The new Afghanistan Education laws and new school curricula comprised peace education in general, respecting the Islamic religion, promoting human rights, commitment to national unity, conveying knowledge towards being peaceful individuals for an ideal social life, training to be responsible citizens, strengthening student creativity, and promoting a culture of peace, all of which support the purposes of peace education (Husham 2015; Robiolle-Moul 2016; Amiri 2016). Zahir Shah remained in power for forty years and his government worked for education development gradually and systematically (Husham2015; Kamgar 2002; Baiza 2015).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-985", "words": "7774", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "McGregor, Sue", "title": "Consumer Moral Leadership", "date": "2020", "keywords": "construct; consumer; consumerism; ethics; leadership; marketplace; mcgregor; new; number; paper; people; self; volume", "summary": "Sue L. T. McGregor Abstract Despite conceptualizations of moral leadership, the literature is silent on consumer moral leadership proposed herein as a new intellectual construct. Keywords: consumer moral leadership, moral leadership, morality, moral efficacy, ethical and moral consumerism Introduction The problem addressed in this paper is the need for consumer leadership in the marketplace to augment the fallout of consumerism perpetuated by consumer management.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-986", "words": "955", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Moon, Jeongmin; Lim, Euna", "title": "Asia-Pacific Centre of Education for International Understanding under the auspices of UNESCO", "date": "2020", "keywords": "book; citizens; pandemic", "summary": "Subsequently, Young-Gyung Paik suggests that global citizens should look away from the confrontational view of human rights and prevention but instead look at it as a common good. Cheol-Sung Son investigates various ethical ideas and stresses that \u201csolidarity and cooperation are the moral obligations of global citizens (p. 225).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-987", "words": "1238", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Abura, Mary", "title": "Protecting Human Rights and Building Peace in Post-Violence Societies (Human Rights Law in Perspective)", "date": "2020", "keywords": "hadjigeorgiou; peace; rights", "summary": "This book is a concise compilation of how human rights relates to peace building in post-violence societies and peace education. Hadjigeorgiou\u2019s contribution to the body of knowledge has been to engage human rights and peacebuilding in post-violence societies in an interdisciplinary analysis exploring the potential and limitations of human rights.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-988", "words": "10222", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Yazdani, Hafiza", "title": "Peace Education in Afghanistan: A Comparative Study of Conflict and Post-Conflict School Textbooks", "date": "2020", "keywords": "afghanistan; conflict; content; curriculum; dari; education; language; number; peace; peace education; references; school; textbook; violence; volume", "summary": "Divergence on peace education content One of the curious aspects of peace education is the wide variety of content. The PECA framework identifies peace education elements, values and context that are consistent with the literature on peace education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-989", "words": "9299", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "O'Neill, Maggie", "title": "Problematizing the Peace Discourse in World\u2019s Largest Lesson: A Critical Exploration of Knowledge Production Through Discussions of Violence", "date": "2020", "keywords": "discourse; education; feminist; forms; lesson; peace; peace education; power; violence; world", "summary": "Some peace educators have described the need for a more critical version of peace education and refer to it as critical peace education. Abstract: There is no single concept of peace in peace education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-990", "words": "3688", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Pistolato, Francesco", "title": "Transforming Ourselves First: The Need of a Paradigm Shift in Peace Research and Peace Education", "date": "2020", "keywords": "consciousness; energy; fields; force; matter; number; peace; world", "summary": "GCI conducts groundbreaking research on the interconnection between humanity and Earth\u2019s magnetic fields and energetic systems.11\u201d The alternative in the 19th century was between a \u201cpositivistic explanation of nature\u201d and a \u201cChristian Creator-God and world ruler\u201d.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-991", "words": "10291", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Finley, Laura", "title": "The Criminology and Peacemaking Possibilities of The Purge Film and TV Series", "date": "2020", "keywords": "crime; episode; film; group; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; justice; leo; nffa; number; peace; people; purge; purgers; season; series; violence; volume; year", "summary": "Common in crime films and television is a \u201cgood defeats bad\u201d narrative structure which features a \u201cpsychotic super-male offender\u201d (Welsh, Fleming & Dowler, 2011, p. 461). Welsh, Fleming and Dowler (2011) noted a category of crime films that depict the flaws in the justice system, referring to them as \u201cDavid and Goliath\u201d films.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-992", "words": "5835", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Bryant, Shawn; Taylor, Noah", "title": "Some Reflections on Elicitive Approaches to Peace Studies in Higher Education", "date": "2020", "keywords": "approaches; conflict; education; elicitive; facilitator; institutions; peace; peace education; peace studies; program; studies; transformation", "summary": "Elicitive peace education requires skill sets and capacities that are usually outside the requirements used for faculty selection, evaluation, and training. State of the art of elicitive approaches within peace education In order to outline the state of the art of elicitive approaches to education in peace studies, it must be positioned both within and in response to the larger context of the state of the art of peace education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-993", "words": "8678", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Bilagher, Moritz", "title": "Towards an Agreement on Learning Outcomes For Peace Education", "date": "2019", "keywords": "assessment; evaluation; example; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; knowledge; learning; number; outcomes; peace; peace education; process; skills; volume", "summary": "As the greatest threat to human equivalence is the idea that one (group) identity is of greater worth than another, in peace education peace is, primarily, inter- group peace. As both the value of educational assessment for educational development and peace education for social development are increasingly recognised, it is of concern that peace education has as of yet no widely accepted assessment methodology.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-994", "words": "10957", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Mo\u010dnik, Nena", "title": "How (Long) To Mourn The Pedagogical Implications of Imposed Remembrance Practices: Two Cases from Bosnia\u2013Herzegovina", "date": "2019", "keywords": "education; history; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; memory; mostar; new; number; past; people; post; remembrance; srebrenica; students; survivors; volume; war", "summary": "How and what do we expect young post-war generations to remember and commemorate? And where is place of post-war generations in this battle?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-995", "words": "6659", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Finley, Laura; Johnson, Matthew", "title": "Sexual Misconduct, Callout Culture and the Possibility of Redemption", "date": "2019", "keywords": "allegations; assault; cases; culture; http://www.infactispax.org/journal; july; justice; misconduct; number; rape; restorative; victims; volume; weinstein; women", "summary": "When sexual assault victims speak out, their institutions often betray them. Additionally, more evaluation of restorative programs for sexual misconduct cases is needed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-996", "words": "8558", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Badal, Adhik", "title": "Why Civil Resistance Fails: The Saffron Uprising in Myanmar, 2007", "date": "2019", "keywords": "ackerman; burma; campaign; forces; kruegler; leaders; monks; movement; myanmar; nonviolent; number; regime; saffron; security; support", "summary": "This event created the \u2018paradox of repression\u2019 -- the use of force by actors to repress their opponents engaged in nonviolent movements often backfires (Chenoweth, 2018, p. 49; Smithey & Kurtz, 2018, p. 2). This result is also in line with Stephen and Chenoweth\u2019s (2011) assertion that domestic mechanisms are more critical components of success in nonviolent movements.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-997", "words": "4920", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Ruane, Jack", "title": "Capabilities and Conflict: An Examination of Colombia\u2019s Educational Revolution and its Role in Peacebuilding", "date": "2019", "keywords": "access; capabilities; colombia; conflict; development; education; number; universities; university", "summary": "The strategy for expansion was largely two pronged: Deregulation of the private sector in order to increase choice and competition and make university education for those who had previously been unable to afford it, and expansion of the state funded vocational institution of SENA, particularly in rural areas. Between 1990 and 2017, including the Educational Revolution in higher education access from 2000 onwards, Colombia\u2019s HDI increased by 26.2%.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-998", "words": "1569", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Sweeney, Loughlin", "title": "Research Methods for Social Justice and Equity in Education", "date": "2019", "keywords": "book; justice; research; social", "summary": "Finally, there is a focus on practical research methods, \u2018to challenge inequality and work towards social justice and equity\u2019 (15). This is not to deny that an in-depth study of UK further education is useful and worthwhile, but considering the framing of this book as both a discussion of theories of social justice and a guide to research methods, a greater diversity of case studies would have strengthened its conclusions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "infactispax-999", "words": "1620", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "33", "author": "McInerney, William", "title": "Engaging men and boys in violence prevention", "date": "2019", "keywords": "flood; men; prevention; violence", "summary": "In the introduction of Engaging men and boys in violence prevention, Flood emphasizes the value of a cautious and balanced view of men\u2019s violence prevention; bringing both a hopeful and critical orientation to the work of engaging men. Microsoft Word - William McInerney Book Review for In Factis Pax 01 11 19.docx Volume 13 Number 2 (2019): 176-179 http://www.infactispax.org/journal 176 Volume 13 Number 2 (2019): 176-179 ISSN 2578-6857 http://www.infactispax.org/journal Book Review Review of Engaging men and boys in violence prevention.", "mime": "application/pdf"}]