Editorial
The world celebrated 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi on 2nd October, 
2019. The occasion was used to reflect on Gandhi ji’s relevance in the modern 
world. While a lot can be learnt from the life and works of Mahatma Gandhi, it is 
in the realm of technology that Mahatma Gandhi appears to us in all his
contradictions and dichotomy. By all imaginations Mahatama appears to be far 
aloof from technology. His frugal lifestyle can be substantiated by minimal
artifacts or devices around him in all the pictures or images. The way he led his 
life appears to be anti-modernist. However, when one gets to understand his 
views on technology, we get to see a different Gandhi ji. In 1929, he organized an 
All India Competition for the best machine to spin clothes. The prize money was 
kept as Rs. one lakh. The terms and conditions of that machine contest were most 
interesting and revealing. Gandhi ji wanted a machine to be light-weight enough 
to be carried to the field by anyone in the family and low cost so that, any farmer 
could buy it. The advertisement further asked innovators to make machine which 
was durable with usual maintenance of 20 years and efficient enough to spin 
certain minimum yarns for fabric. The advertisement also said that at the end of 
any dispute, words of Gandhi ji will be the final. Although many applied, none was 
found to be suitable to innovate such a machine. This contest revealed Gandhi ji’s 
view on technology and how technology should be used in our society. He wanted 
technology to be feasible and really contributing to the Indian Economy. He
wanted technological solutions to be efficient, durable, light-weight, low cost and 
sustainable. Gandhiji was equally concerned about the use of technology for
employment generation.

While the world grapples with the issues related to technology and innovations, 
Gandhi ji foresaw its implications. So, in the realm of technology, Gandhi ji
appears to be not an anti-modernist but, a pro-modernist and he is not a bridge 
between traditional and modernity as some claims to be but, he comes to us as 
someone who transcends time and space. Today, when we face many challenges 
related to technology, Gandhi ji’s views seem to be the most practical & relevant 
for the people of our country. No wonder, when we decide to use technology in 
education, we must learn from what Mahatma said about it; which is any
technological solution that we offer in the field of education must be for the great 
majority of people, should be valid for women as well and should help in
enhancing the learning of the children.  

This issue of the Indian Journal of Educational Technology comprises of ten
articles where, six are research articles, one review article, one general article, 
one communication and one book review. Though all these articles come under 
the broader umbrella of educational technology but, they vary in their focussed 
theme ranging from, use of ICT, the attitude of users towards its use to the impact 
of using ICT. 

It is a pleasure to take out the third issue of the journal within the timeframe. 



We are thankful to the reviewers and members of the Editorial Board for
giving their precious time in deciding appropriate manuscripts for the Journal.
The contributions to the journal under various article types have taken a
quantum leap from the previous issue. For this, the whole fraternity of
academicians; authors, reviewers and readers, all are to be acknowledged. We 
hope the journal is able to make itself a vibrant platform of discussions related to 
the theme of educational technology. 

(ABHAY KUMAR)
Editor