







































Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 

 Vol. 4, No. 3; 2020 

                                       ISSN 2574-6081   E-ISSN 2574-609X 

Published by CRIBFB, USA 

 

53 

 

THE REVIEW ON THE EFFECT OF THE RESOURCES 

MANAGEMENT ATTRIBUTES AND AIRCRAFT 

MAINTENANCE EFFICIENCY OF THE AVIATION 

INDUSTRIES IN OMAN 

 

 
Said Hamed Al Rawahi 

 PhD Research Fellow  

Faculty of Business and Accountancy 

University of Selangor 

40000 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 

E-mail: s_alrwahi@hotmail.com 

 

Dr. Zaharuzaman Bin Jamaluddin 

Senior Lecturer 

Faculty of Business and Accountancy 

University of Selangor 

40000 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 

E-mail: zaharuzaman@unisel.edu.my 

 

Dr. Abul Bashar Bhuiyan 

Associate Professor 

Faculty of Business and Accountancy 

University of Selangor 

40000 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 

E-mail: bashariuk@gmail.com 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

As the aircraft maintenance is one of the very essential resources to enhance the aircraft 

productivities those facilities such as spears, human, and financial add to that the organizational 

factors in which will help to make the maintenance more efficient and safe because the safety is 

the priority part in maintenance in which the organization should take in consideration. The main 

purpose of the study is to investigate existing available literature for determining of relevant 

factors that have cause and effects on the ensuring of aircraft maintenance efficiency in the 

aviation industry in Oman. Therefore, the study uses available sources of existing literature 

explored to covers from Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Scopus, and other online resources. Based 

on this extensive review, the study determined the resource management attributes and aircraft 

maintenance efficiency and have moderating role effective planning and internal control in the 

aviation industry in the sultanate of Oman. The summary review findings of the study will fill the 

gap in the existing body knowledge especially prime factors affecting the attainment of aircraft 

maintenance efficiency, resource management attributes, effective planning and ‘internal control 

mailto:s_alrwahi@hotmail.com
mailto:bashariuk@gmail.com


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54 

 

and aircraft maintenance in the aviation industry in the sultanate of Oman. The study recommends 

for policy guideline for ensuring of determining of relevant factors that have cause and effects on 

the ensuring of aircraft maintenance efficiency in the aviation industry in Oman. 

 

Keywords: Aircraft Maintenance, Aviation Industry, Resource Management and Aviation 

Industry in Oman. 

 

INTRODUCTION 

Aircraft maintenance is considered as the most critical activities that airlines should take into 

consideration with a high priority and never underestimated actions (Bowen, 2013). Many 

obstacles and challenges faced this process in the early days, one of them is the consumed time 

needed to complete the proper maintenance for the aircraft, the detailed and exhausting checking 

procedure over each part of the plane in a periodical base, and the highly expensive cost of the 

maintenance and pausing period of the functionality during this time.  During the cycle of the 

major maintenance inspections, the aircraft will be on hold and this downtime can be tremendously 

increased due to different factors as aircraft maintenance facilities, management of spare parts, 

organizational factors, financial implications, and human factors. The extended aircraft downtime 

during aircraft servicing is undesirable to any aircraft operator as it affects the very basic purpose 

of an aircraft (Jeff Fitzgerald, 2017).  

As the aircraft maintenance facilities is one of the very essential factor to enhance the 

aircraft productivities those facilities such as spears, human, and financial add to that the 

organizational factors in which will help to make the maintenance more efficient and safe because 

the safety is the priority part in maintenance in which the organization should take in 

consideration(Bowen, 2013). The aviation industry  safety is one of the critical aspect of successful 

performance, moreover the personnel are the key players in all maintenance activities so it is not 

only carry out the activity but carry it with safely (Bowen, 2013).  There are numerous causes for 

the undesired extended aircraft downtime caused by ineffective maintenance. It has mentioned that 

up port of a huge armada of airplane postures critical challenges for a commerce in terms of 

accomplishing the different, and in a few ways clashing, objectives relating to support and 

operation costs and wanted benefit levels (Samaranayake & Kiridena, 2012). Moreover, to reduce 

or minimize the extended aircraft downtime by improving the aircraft maintenance efficiency, it 

is mandatory to know the reasons that are helping the aircraft to remain under Hangar maintenance 

more than the estimated time of maintenance.  The study also mentioned that there are two major 

stream of literature which focus in studying the problems which facing the heavy maintenance, he 

found that the first problem was focusing in the scheduling of the fleet of the aircraft, which known 

as “service scheduling” ((Bird, 1976);(Sherif, 1980);(Elkodwa, 1996);(Chan, Cheung, Ip, Lu, & 

Lai, 2005)) and the other problems focusing in managing with perspectives of nitty gritty arranging 

and planning of exercises and support facilities such as  materials, resources and maintenance 

personnel (Dijkstra, Kroon, van Nunen, & Salomon, 1991);(Chan et al., 2005);(Alfares, 

1999);(Chan et al., 2005);(Kilpi, Töyli, & Vepsäläinen, 2009)).  

It was obvious from the literature review that the downtime or the Aircraft on ground 

(AOG) is the issue of the aviation industry in Oman, which was caused by some factors such as 

Aircraft maintenance facilities, organizational factors, and human factors, therefore managing the 

above causes by proper planning and control will minimize the aircraft downtime. Therefore, it is 

timely initiatives to investigate existing available literature for determining of relevant factors that 

have cause and effects on the ensuring of aircraft maintenance efficiency in the aviation industry 



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55 

 

in Oman. Thus, the study aims to investigate  and review the effect of organizational factors, aircraft 

maintenance facilities, human factors, financial allocation, spear parts management, through a 

mediating variable which is planning and control of Maintenance resource in aviation industry in 

Oman. 

 

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 

 

Historical development of aviation industries in Oman 

Oman’s civil aviation was started in the year 1929 with a small airstrip made in Muscat. Initially 

was used for military purposes and occasionally for the flights of PETROLEUM Development 

Oman (PDO) Company. In 1960’s Gulf Air started to operate its DC3 commercial flights to Oman. 

Oman started its own national carrier in the year 1970 as Oman International Services (OIS). The 

Sultanate of Oman became a member of the international Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) in 

the year 1973. Oman purchased Gulf Air’s light aircraft division in the year 1977 and became 

Oman Air Services in the year 1981. A new airport was built at Salalah and OAS started operating 

regular domestic flights from Muscat to Salalah. The real development of Oman’s civil aviation 

started when Oman Aviation Services (OAS) became Oman Air in the year 1993 and started to 

operate international services to Dubai and India. In the year 1996 Oman Joined the Arab Civil 

Aviation Organisation (ACAO) and in 1998 Oman Joined International Air Transport Association 

(IATA). Oman Air engaged CFM to provide engine maintenance services in Muscat. Airports 

were built in Adam, Butabul ,Buraimi , Dibba Al-Baya , Duqm , Fahud , Qarn Al Alam , Haima , 

Ibra, Ibri, Khasab , Lekhwair , Marmul , Mukhaizna , Nizwa , Ras al Hadd , Rustaq , Saiq , Salalah, 

Sohar , Sur and Yibal . 

 At present more than 550,000 aircraft overfly Oman’s airspace. Civil aviation aircraft fly 

to more than 75 destinations from various airports in Oman. Flight developments at Muscat air 

terminal developed by 6.3% per year between 2013 and 2018 reaching 125,543 movements in 

2018. Passenger traffic increased by 12% per year between 2013 and 2018 reaching 18 million 

passengers in Muscat International airport, Salalah Airport, Sohar Airport in 2018. Cargo traffic 

grew by 11% per year between 2013 and 2018 reaching 212,674 tons in 2018. The contribution of 

the direct and indirect civil aviation sector in the GDP of the Sultanate of Oman amounted to about 

3.9 billion US dollars in 2018. In 2017 Salam Air, the first ever low cost carrier in Oman started 

its operations. Oman Aviation group was founded in the year 2018 comprising of Oman Air, Oman 

Airports and Oman Aviation Services expanding the civil aviation sector in Oman. The civil 

Aviation industry in Oman employs more than 10,000 workforces from various countries and has 

potential to grow in future. 

 

Concept of aircraft maintenance efficiency and resource management attributes: 

Aircraft maintenance is considered as the most critical activities that airlines should take into 

consideration with a high priority and never underestimated actions (Bowen, 2013). Aircraft 

maintenance should be carried out to continue the aircraft in its airworthiness condition. The 

airworthiness of an aircraft is a continuous process. In this regard, Vitor Monteiro Correia (2011) 

presented the methodology of Aircraft Maintenance Program (AMP) development in 

understanding with the necessities of proceeding airworthiness to show the interrelation between 

the AMP and the other regions of proceeding airworthiness. This work demonstrated the 

importance of the AMP for the Continuing Airworthiness Management (CAM). The factors which 

can be controlled to prevent accidents were discovered.  



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METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY 

As study aims to investigate existing available literature for determining of relevant factors that 

have cause and effects on the ensuring of aircraft maintenance efficiency in the aviation industry 

in Oman. Therefore, the study uses available sources of existing literature based on the four main 

keywords ‘aircraft maintenance efficiency’, ‘aircraft maintenance and resource management 

attributes ‘or ‘effective planning and aircraft maintenance, and ‘internal control and aircraft 

maintenance, etc, and explored to covers from Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Scopus, and other 

online resources.  

 

EMPIRICAL REVIEW FINDINGS OF THE STUDY 

The literature review is carried out by searching and retrieving scholarly articles from scientific 

journals, research reports, books, and conference proceedings; it is mainly based on finding the 

major factors related to the aircraft maintenance process. By getting this information, choosing the 

proper factors to be deployed in the Oman aviation sector will be easier and more efficient.  Several 

studies were conducted in the past by scholars in the field of flying machine upkeep administration 

and flying machine upkeep resources management. These papers were covering aircraft 

maintenance facilities, spare parts, profitability, human factors, planning and control, manpower, 

and training and organizational factors. These factors were discussed elaborately and covered the 

impact of these factors on aircraft maintenance. This study will try also to analyze and discuss the 

main problem that will occur in case the maintenance of the aircraft won’t be done on the time sat 

during the planning stage of the maintenance activities.  

 

Aircraft Maintenance Efficiency  

Aircraft maintenance should be carried out to continue the aircraft in its airworthiness condition. 

The airworthiness of an aircraft is a continuous process. In this regard, Vitor Monteiro Correia 

(2011) presented the methodology of Aircraft Maintenance Program (AMP) development in 

understanding with the necessities of proceeding airworthiness to show the interrelation between 

the AMP and the other regions of proceeding airworthiness. This work demonstrated the 

importance of the AMP for the Continuing Airworthiness Management (CAM). The factors which 

can be controlled to prevent accidents were discovered.  

Siddiqui et al. (2012) stated that Aeronautics upkeep is an unpredictable and requesting 

attempt. Its prosperity, which is at last estimated by the wellbeing of the flying staff, relies upon 

correspondence also, cooperation. Over the previous decade, the significance of cooperation in the 

upkeep setting has been broadly perceived. The outcome has been the rise of human variables 

preparing, Maintenance Resource Management (MRM) projects, and other group focused 

exercises inside the avionics upkeep network. The subtleties of MRM projects shift from 

association to association. All MRM projects interface and coordinate conventional human factors 

points, for example, gear structure, human physiology, the outstanding task at hand, and working 

environment wellbeing. Moreover, the objective of any MRM program is to always improve work 

execution and security. MRM projects do this by decreasing upkeep blunders through improved 

coordination, correspondence, and expanded mindfulness. Denizhan  and Dogru (2017) mentioned 

that in recent years the maintenance facilities gain popularity in the maintenance organization, also 

facilities management has shown evaluable improvement in different aspects of the maintenance 

organization, especially in supporting the core business of the organization.  

 

 



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Aircraft resource management attributes 

The present study is covering of aircraft maintenance facilities, spare parts, profitability, human 

factors, planning and control, manpower, and training and organizational factors. These factors 

were discussed elaborately and covered the impact of these factors on aircraft maintenance.  

 

Management of Spares 

For getting the aircraft ready to fly it’s essential to be serviced according to the maintenance 

manual, moreover some maintenance requires some components to be replaced, which means the 

spare parts must be available. According to (Samaranayake & Kiridena, 2012), aircraft 

maintenance is a very high activity in which does not except a spear part shortage. Other 

researchers concluded that if there is a shortage of spares or limited with spares in the inventory, 

removing some parts from a similar device which is in phase-out process or grounded for a long 

time for maintenance and use it to service the aircraft required for an operation will be the proper 

solution  (Block, Ahmadi, Tyrberg, & Söderholm, 2014). The parts removed from that retired 

aircraft can be in three conditions as follows: Usable (serviceable, sent specifically into storage), 

Repairable (unserviceable, but can be reused after a repair activity, sent to the Repair shop), Unfit 

for a benefit (not one or the other reusable nor worth repairing and ought to be scrapped), As a 

framework for maintenance spare parts planning and control,  (Driessen et al.. (2015) served as a 

valuable beginning point in making specie plans of maintenance save portion arranging and control 

frameworks. Within the leftover portion of this segment, we outline each cluster of choices from 

the execution pointers MLO's confront  

 

Organizational Factor 

As it well known there are so many factors we call classified them as organizational factors 

because the organization has control over them those factors are as listed below: 

▪ Technical factors: specified as the specialized variables employments markers to watch the 

execution of a specific framework, Handle, maintenance, and components (Chong et al., 

2019). 

▪ Financial factors: Monetary components are made up of two primary components which 

are the accessible budget and the required taken a toll. To execute upkeep arrangement, 

office supervisors got to take into consideration both the budget and taken a toll. Budget 

allotment incorporates a noteworthy effect on the overall upkeep arranging. In the 

circumstance where an upkeep unit endures budgetary cuts, changes must be made in the 

support needs. Whereas prioritization does not completely solve the financial issue, it can 

offer a brief arrangement in redirecting assets into tall priorities maintenance works. Non-

critical support works that don't have the desired funding are more often than not conceded 

whereas basic upkeep works are executed to begin with  (Jeff Fitzgerald, 2017). According 

to (Rustenburg, van Houtum, & Zijm, 2001) the final decades, as a result of a changing 

political scene as well as changes within the public opinion, numerous military 

organizations have been confronted with genuinely declining budgets. Tight budget 

limitations may lead either to transfer of tasks, or to endeavors to extend the general 

efficiency and quality of the work, to progress the responsiveness to the regularly inner 

clients, whereas at the same time a leaner organization is sought after (do more with less). 

Numerous ventures have been begun to implement state-of-the-art Data Innovation (IT) 

apparatuses, to streamline the organization (less hierarchical levels, presentation of 

autonomous workgroups) and to rebuild both production and materials administration. 



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▪ Social factors: Social calculation has different implications depending on its utilization. 

Within the field of maintenance management, social components such as security and 

wellbeing, security, building status, and usage were utilized in choosing support needs for 

buildings. It can be implied that social components for upkeep administration are related 

to the prosperity of its users/occupants. The best need to support administration ought to 

be security and health. As security and wellbeing are related to the well-being of the 

inhabitants or clients, it should be the beat thought among all others in upkeep arrange ( 

Martin Hinsch. 2019). 

▪ Political factors: The political components are ordinarily related to the partners. Partners 

are individuals with intrigued in an organization and they are based on a chain of command 

of proprietors, top management, center administration, lower administration, and end-

users. These partners will in the long run decide the upkeep heading of the organization. 

The bearings can be comprised of the support objectives and targets; maintenance policy; 

support handle; staff preparing and frameworks. As such, their needs and requests must be 

satisfied. (Martin Hinsch. 2019) 
 

Organizational Characteristics 

Characteristic of an association has a major influence on the wants on offices and support services 

of each association. Even within the same trade segment, each organization is likely to have 

distinctive needs in offices and FM functions. The characteristics or natures of the organization 

reflect its commerce objectives, operation handle, and organizational culture. They impact the 

organization’s needs and management strategy of its offices (Chotipanich, 2004). Gefen et al. 

(2011) addressed without a clear understanding of the wants of the organization, office supervisors 

would depend on their self-judgment in overseeing support works, which means that the 

organization managers should be well known about the facilities which essential to get the 

maintenance activates done efficiently. 

 

Financial Allocation 

Aircraft maintenance involves finance and it is not only important to reduce the manpower wastage 

but also to reduce the financial wastage. Money has to be saved in all possible ways without 

hampering the aircraft maintenance safety. Alfares (1999) conducted a case study that about 

decided the ideal support workforce plan to fulfill developing work prerequisites with the least 

cost. The discoveries of this work were as follows: The current over the top extra minutes to cover 

ends of the week and spontaneous maintenance, the seven-day support prerequisite is related to 

the flight plan, which is dynamic amid the weekends, the noteworthy increment in planned upkeep 

workload due to changes in both the upkeep program and the flight schedule. Based on the above 

findings, the paper suggested to fulfill support labor requests for each day of the week, particularly 

expanding end-of-the-week requests, a seven-day weeks’ worth of work plan is proposed for both 

morning and evening shifts. Exchanging to this plan would kill the requirement for end of the week 

extra minutes, yielding an evaluated sparing of $98,000 per year. 

 

Human Factors 

Human factors are the term human variables have developed progressively prevalent as the 

commercial flying industry realize that human blunder, rather than mechanical disappointment, 

underlies most flying accidents and episodes. Human components science or advances are 



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multidisciplinary areas consolidating commitments from psychology, designing, mechanical plan, 

statistics, operations inquire about, and anthropometry. It may be a term that covers the science of 

understanding the properties of human capability, the application of this understanding to the 

design, development, and arrangement of frameworks and administrations, and the craftsmanship 

of guaranteeing the effective application of human factor principles into the support working 

environment. (Shanmugam & Paul Robert, 2015) 

It is important to note that human factors play an important role in all industries and 

aviation is not an exemption. Human errors may incur heavy losses in lives and machines. 

Shanmugam & Paul Robert (2015) published a literature review on human factors in aircraft 

maintenance engineering. The study concluded that discipline in aircraft maintenance has made an 

extraordinary effect on airplane plan, operations, support, and standards. All previous are 

connected to shape the security behavior and culture in flying upkeep working environment. In 

any case, the survey unfurls the monstrous potential for future investigation. Domitrović, & 

Bazijanac (2017) discussed the same idea.  This paper presented the influence of human factors in 

one of the European aircraft maintenance organizations for wide-body aircraft meant for 

commercial service. Their findings pointed out the occurrence of errors committed by employees’ 

personality errors in communication, and errors in equipment, tools, and the factor of working 

Environment. Based on their research paper the recommend creating a working climate within the 

aircraft maintenance organization that will be stimulated for work and at the same time act 

preventively on the reduction of human error. Recommendation for continuous monitoring and 

analysis of human errors that occur in aircraft maintenance units were proposed by the study 

(Martin Hinsch, 2019). 

 

Moderating Role of Planning and Control 

Within the constraints imposed by its design, an operation has to be run on an ongoing basis. 

‘Planning and control’ is concerned with managing the ongoing activities of the operation to satisfy 

customer demand. All operations require plans and require controlling, although the degree of 

formality and detail may vary (Ayeni et al, 2016). Alfares (1999) provided a detailed study on how 

to determine the optimum maintenance workforce schedule to satisfy growing labor requirements 

with minimum cost. The study concluded that the existing 5 day week work schedule is 13% 

costlier than the recommended 7-day workweek for the aircraft maintenance workforce, and as a 

result of his study he recommended switching from a five-day to a seven-day workweek for aircraft 

maintenance workers. 

Kinnison & Siddiqui (2012) discussed how to distinguish and screen upkeep issues and 

patterns, minimize airship downtime by legitimate arranging, and minimize support costs. Also, 

Sherwin (2000) points out that in all engineering there is a demand and to meet that demand a 

planning function should be flexible and also have the ability to adjust to the sequence in which it 

carries out the work. Also, the engineering work is complex and expensive so its need to be 

controlled to meet the objectives were set during the plane stage.  

Furthermore the importance of leadership in aviation maintenance was discussed by 

(Kouzes & Posner 2006), where the conducted study that “Leadership is everyone business no 

matter what your position is, you have to take the responsibility for the quality of leadership your 

constituents” which mean everyone is accountable for the leadership style the demonstrate. 

Aircraft support equipment is one of the major parts of the aircraft maintenance facilities which 

helps technicians to carry their maintenance activities safely and with the time stated, this is 

supported by (Siddiqui et al., 2012) Aviation Maintenance Management. Second edition where the 



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paper highlighted the importance of the support equipment to aircraft maintenance. The study 

stated that the support functions can be stated briefly as an ordering, controlling, and handling of 

parts and supplies. Last but not least, Samaranayake & Kiridena (2012) clarified the importance 

of unplanned preservation activities, as commonly arise out concerning inspections carried oversea 

as the part of condition-based maintenance. These procedures have significant implications for 

spare parts inventory management, assets dodge, and knowledge of maintenance tasks. For 

example, if there is a 50 by cent risk of an unplanned maintenance activity becoming crucial during 

an aircraft lay-up, even ought to also lie an equal or greater danger over extra demands life 

positioned concerning substances yet resources, depending on the degree on additional parts stock 

yet resources utilization. 

 

Review Summary of the Study 

As it was the aims to investigate existing available literature for determining of relevant factors 

that have cause and effects on the ensuring of aircraft maintenance efficiency in the aviation 

industry in Oman.  The study revealed from analyzing of the review findings that there are different 

gaps in existing literature and the current research come up with some of the points that should be 

tackled in the next step of the research.  Many studies done by the previous researchers provided 

several theories that contributed extensively to maintenance resource management. (Miles, 2012)  

mentioned that since the late 1700s, scholars have talked about the issue of corporate proprietors 

contracting others as stewards of their riches. Directors of other people’s cash cannot be anticipated 

to observe over it with the same enthusiasm as the proprietor, so administrative carelessness will 

continuously be show within the issues of a company. There are different theories related to this 

issue and try to explain the relation in detail. Agency theory is one of these theories which tries to 

study of the relationship between a client or “principle” and someone who performs a task on 

his/her behalf or “agent”. This theory tries to show that the principle will act in his/her best interest 

even if his/her interests conflict with those of his/her agent ((Eisenhardt, 1989). On the other hand, 

the stakeholder theory justifies that the main priority of an organization should be its social 

performance and not only its financial performance. It stresses that increasing the wealth of 

shareholders is not an organization's primary function. On the contrary, stakeholders have an 

ethical responsibility to participate in the corporate decisions of an organization, and an 

organization must include them in discussions about the directions it is considering moving in (El 

Abboubi & Nicolopoulou, 2012). 

 Explaining how the organizations maintain dominant positions in competitive 

environments was done by resource-based theory. This theory verifies that the resources in an 

organization have influences on its performance in addition to organizations compete against one 

another for resources (Priem & Butler, 2001; Hoopes, Madsen, & Walker, 2003;  Peteraf & Barney, 

2003 ; Miles, 2012). It also assumes the basis of an organization's decisions about which resources 

to select and accumulate is composed of the following: economic rationality, limited information, 

biases and prejudices, and casual ambiguity (Anderson & Richard). Other researchers focused on 

the important role of the human factors in aircraft maintenance. Shanmugam & Paul Robert (2015) 

published a literature review on human factors in aircraft maintenance engineering. Study 

concluded that discipline in aircraft maintenance has made an extraordinary effect on airplane plan, 

operations, support, and standards. All previous are connected to shape the security behavior and 

culture in flying upkeep working environment. In any case, the survey unfurls monstrous potential 

for future investigate.  



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 Virovac, Domitrović, & Bazijanac (2017) explained that some papers presented the 

influence of human factor in one of the European aircraft maintenance organizations for wide-

body aircraft meant for commercial service. Tooley (2013) spoke about the training and 

qualifications the engineers should have in order for them to work as aircraft maintenance staff. 

To perform a maintenance to the required standards, individual need to demonstrate maturity, 

commitment, integrity, and ability to see the job through, often under difficult circumstances. Once 

the maintenance tasks have been completed to the required standards, category B licensed 

engineer’s certain approvals are permitted to sign-off activities and sign the certificate of release 

to service (CRS). According to (Berto et al., 2011) human are the planning as an dynamic portion 

of the flight operations including pilots, support labor, discuss activity controllers, and others. 

Clearly, it’s vital to be able to transfer on exceptionally talented individuals to maintain a strategic 

distance from mistakes that cause mischances or catastrophes in flight operations. It is at that point 

vital significance to put these individuals in authoritative and organized setting to ensure a 

reasonable level of proficient training. By comparing the previous mentioned theories related to 

maintenance resource management, resource-based theory can be considered as the best choice 

among them to be the base of the conducted research. The reason for choosing this theory is the 

resources of an organization possess influence on its performance. In more detail, RBT accepts 

that organizational choices to choose and collect assets are financially levelheaded and subject to 

constrained data, predispositions and biases, and causal ambiguity (Teece, Pisano, & Shuen, 1997). 

Causal ambiguity means that it isn't known precisely how an asset leads to above-average 

execution for an Organization. A resource is characterized as anything that can be thought of as a 

quality for an organization. Assets incorporate any unmistakable or intangible resources that are 

semi for all time tied to the organization. Resource-based theory posits that an organization can 

achieve sustainable competitive advantage by controlling resources that are valuable, rare, 

imperfectly imitable, and non-substitutable.  

 

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

As the study aims to investigate and review the effect of organizational factors, aircraft 

maintenance facilities, human factors, financial allocation, spear parts management, through a 

moderating variable which is planning and control of Maintenance resource in aviation industry in 

Oman. It has been carried out by searching and retrieving scholarly articles from scientific journals, 

research reports, books, and conference proceedings; it is mainly based on finding the major 

factors related to the aircraft maintenance process. The studies were conducted in the past by 

scholars in the field of flying machine upkeep administration and flying machine upkeep resources 

management. Studies were covering aircraft maintenance facilities, spare parts, profitability, 

human factors, planning and control, manpower, and training and organizational factors. After 

analyzing and studying all the different gaps that might be faced in the previous conducted studies, 

the current research come up with some of the points that should be tackled in the next step of the 

research. The summary review findings of the study will fill the gap in the existing body 

knowledge especially prime factors affecting the attainment of aircraft maintenance efficiency, 

resource management attributes, effective planning and ‘internal control and aircraft maintenance 

in the aviation industry in the sultanate of Oman. The study recommends for policy guideline for 

ensuring of determining of relevant factors that have cause and effects on the ensuring of aircraft 

maintenance efficiency in the aviation industry in Oman. 

 

 



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