Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB Indian Journal of Finance and Banking; Vol. 4, No. 1; 2020 ISSN 2574-6081 E-ISSN 2574-609X Published by Centre for Research on Islamic Banking & Finance and Business, USA 42 A Study of Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets of Select Public Sector Banks in India for the Period 2007-2008 to 2017-2018 Abhay Korde PhD Advocate High Court Bombay Mumbai, India & Alumni, JBIMS, Mumbai, India E-mail: abhaykorde14@jbims.edu Kavita Laghate PhD Professor & Director Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies University of Mumbai Mumbai, India E-mail: kavitalaghate@jbims.edu Abstract The Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) are considered as one of the important parameters for anlysing the health of the Indian Banks. The Authors have taken a look at the Literature Reviews related to the non-performing assets related studies looked into by other Research Scholars. The authors in this research study has made an attempt to study the secondary data related to Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans of select Banks in India, which is available in the public domain of the regulators of Indian Banks i.e. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) from April 2007 to March 2018 and has performed the ABC analysis as per cumulative (decreasing method) to study the performance and the management and governance of those Banks. Finally, the authors conclude that some of the select Indian Banks taken for study appear in the various Groups formulated for study i.e. Group A (Poor Performance), Group B (Satisfactory Performance) and Group C (Good Performance) are thus a matter of great concern to the economy of the country. 1. Introduction The entire world has accepted that the country is galloping towards being the third largest economy of the world in the near future and therefore, the financial and banking system or sector in India is required to play an important role to shape up its economy. The main business of the banking system is to cater to the financial needs of the business and individuals, but now it has also been vested with the responsibility to support other activities like the Insurance and supporting various schemes announced by the government from time to time. The Banks are required not only to safeguard the deposits of the Customers but also required to ensure that the loans or advances given are not defrauded by the business community or certain individuals for their own vested interest, as it has been observed in the recent past. Therefore, to arrive at the strength of the banking system in India the Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) are considered as one of the important parameter for analysis. A sound banking and financial system is therefore, needs now. 2. Literature Review The objective of study of Sanjeev (2007) was to identify critical factors, which were responsible for the loans of the banks to go bad in the Indian commercial banking system. The Methodology adopted for the study was mainly related to primary data collected from credit managers of banks operating in India. Their study revealed that the external factors have a higher influence compared to the internal factors, which was also very surprising. The Economic downturn and willful default have been found to be most critical factor. Also the poor credit scoring skill of managers, absence of suitable administrative penalties and target completion have been found to have a significant influence amongst factors related with the loan appraisal mechanism of the banks. The seizure and disposal of collateral have found to be the toughest challenges amongst the factors related with the loan monitoring and controlling mechanism. The level of loan manager’s motivation,, manpower, skill to appraise collateral, effort to reduce costs, government and political intervention and soft budget constraints have been found to have a lower influence. However, the objective of study of Khushpatand & Rahul (2012) was to analyze the trends in Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in the Indian Banking Sector from 2004-2011, to assess the contributing factors to the NPA in the Indian Banking Sector and to suggest measures to halt and curtail the rising burden of NPAs. They mainly dealt with the rising burden of NPAs in Indian financial system and their likely impact and measures to minimize such adverse impact on the Indian Keywords: Assets, Banks, Governance, Gross, Indian, Loans, Management, Net, Performance. . Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1; 2020 43 banking system in particular and Indian economy in general. They were also of the view that the factor contributing to the rising NPAs is the upward shift in interest rates due to the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) tight monetary policy for controlling inflation. The increased interest rate (floating interest) has increased the repayment burden of borrowers which is compelling them to default their interest payments and repayments. The authors concluded that the banks should focus on recovery of existing loans and be more circumspect in their credit appraisal, rescheduling of large corporate loans as rising interest cost and falling sales revenue may result in widespread defaults of corporate loans, phasing out of priority sector loans to 10% of the total loans so as to reduce the burden of NPAs in priority sector, making priority sector loans need-based rather than target based which results in poor credit appraisal and loan default. The authors arrived at a conclusion that the major contributor to the NPAs in banking sector was agricultural sector. NPAs in non-priority sectors are likely to increase due to decelerating trends in major sectors like manufacturing and infrastructure and slowing down of economy during 2012. 3. Definitions 3.I Non-Performing Assets (NPA) or Non-Performing Loans (NPL) The non-performing assets or loans in the books of the Banks are the loan that has been defaulted by the borrower. As per the regulators of Banks in India the loan becomes non-performing it is in default for 90 days. 3.2 Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) or Gross Non-Performing Loans (GNPL) It is the total number of Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Banks added together. 3.3 Net Non-Performing Assets (NNPA) or Net Non-Performing Loans (NNPL) Net Non-Performing Assets or NNPL is the total of actual bad assets minus the provision left aside. The Indian Banks Regulator defines Net NPA or NPL as Net NPA or NPL = Gross NPA or NPL – (Balance in Interest Suspense Account + Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC)/Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India (ECGC) claims received and held pending adjustment + Part payment received and kept in suspense account + Total provisions held. 4. Objective of Research Study  To study and analyze Select Indian Bank’s Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans from April 2007 to March 2018.  To do comparative analysis of the Select Indian Bank’s Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans and Net Non- Performing Assets or Loans from April 2007 to March 2018.  To analyse the management and governance or performance of directing and controlling of the Select Indian Bank’s from April 2007 to March 2018. 5. Methodology Adopted For Research Banking sector is analysed using secondary data available from Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Money Control websites. It is an Analytical Research. The data was collected for the period of April 2007 to March 2018 i.e. 2007-2008 to 2017- 2018. Assuming that the figures are given by the apex body of the banking sector, i.e. Reserve Bank of India and therefore, ABC analysis is attempted on that. 6. Analysis of Data 6.1 The defaulted loans of the Select Indian Bank’s from April 2007 to March 2018 were done according to the increasing method as given in Appendix A and respectively. 6.2 The Group ranking of the select Indian Bank’s Defaulted Loans from April 2007 to March 2018 was as per the results arrived from the ABC Analysis method as given in Appendix A, B and C, D respectively. Table 1. Ranking of Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the select Indian Banks from April 2007 to March 2018 (Bank with Highest Gross Non-Performing Loans is Rated I). Name of the Select Indian Banks 2007- 2008 2008- 2009 2009- 2010 2010- 2011 2011- 2012 2012- 2013 2013- 2014 2014- 2015 2015- 2016 2016- 2017 2017- 2018 State Bank of India 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Punjab National Bank 2 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1; 2020 44 Central Bank of India 3 4 7 11 3 4 5 9 9 9 9 Bank of Baroda 4 8 8 5 7 5 3 4 4 5 4 Bank of India 5 3 2 2 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 Syndicate Bank 6 9 10 10 12 15 16 15 14 14 14 Union Bank of India 7 7 5 4 5 9 7 7 8 8 6 UCO Bank 8 10 11 6 8 6 12 10 10 11 10 IDBI Bank 9 11 9 9 6 8 6 8 7 4 5 Oriental Bank of Commerce 10 13 12 12 11 12 14 21 12 10 13 Canara Bank 11 5 6 8 9 10 10 6 5 7 7 Allahabad Bank 12 12 14 13 14 11 9 11 11 12 12 Indian Overseas Bank 13 6 3 7 10 7 8 5 6 6 8 Bank of Maharashtra 14 15 15 16 18 21 18 16 16 15 16 United Bank of India 15 14 13 14 13 16 11 14 17 18 17 Corporation Bank 16 18 17 19 19 17 15 12 13 16 15 Dena Bank 17 17 18 18 20 20 19 18 19 17 18 Vijaya Bank 18 16 16 15 17 19 21 20 20 20 21 Indian Bank 19 19 19 20 15 14 17 17 18 19 19 Andhra Bank 20 20 20 17 16 13 13 13 15 13 11 Punjab and Sind Bank 21 21 21 21 21 18 20 19 21 21 20 Figure 1. Ranking of Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the select Indian Banks from April 2007 to May 2018 Table 2. Ranking of Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the select Indian Banks from April 2007 to March 2018 (Bank with Highest Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans is Rated I). Name of the Bank 2007- 2008 2008- 2009 2009- 2010 2010- 2011 2011- 2012 2012- 2013 2013- 2014 2014- 2015 2015- 2016 2016- 2017 2017- 2018 State Bank of India 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 St at e B an k… P un ja b … C en tr al … B an k o f… B an k o f In d ia Sy n d ic at e… U n io n B an k… U C O B an k ID B I B an k O ri en ta l… C an ar a B an k A lla h ab ad … In d ia n … B an k o f… U n it ed B an k… C o rp o ra ti o n… D en a B an k V ija ya B an k In d ia n B an k A n d h ra B an k P un ja b & … 2007- 2008 2008- 2009 2009- 2010 2010- 2011 (Bank wise GNPAs or GNPLs) Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1; 2020 45 UCO Bank 2 6 7 5 9 8 13 9 10 14 11 IDBI Bank 3 5 5 7 7 11 10 10 7 4 3 Central Bank of India 4 3 11 11 2 5 4 8 9 9 9 Canara Bank 5 2 4 2 5 4 6 5 4 5 4 Punjab National Bank 6 17 6 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 Syndicate Bank 7 7 9 9 13 17 17 16 14 15 13 Bank of India 8 8 2 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 5 Oriental Bank of Commerce 9 11 12 10 8 12 12 12 12 10 10 Bank of Baroda 10 10 14 12 11 6 5 6 5 8 7 Allahabad Bank 11 12 16 15 14 7 7 11 11 11 15 Indian Overseas Bank 12 4 3 8 10 9 8 4 6 6 8 United Bank of India 13 9 10 13 15 16 11 15 16 18 16 Bank of Maharashtra 14 16 13 16 21 21 20 14 15 13 17 Dena Bank 15 14 17 17 19 19 19 19 19 17 18 Vijaya Bank 16 15 15 14 16 20 21 21 20 21 20 Union Bank of India 17 13 8 6 6 10 9 7 8 7 6 Corporation Bank 18 18 18 18 17 16 15 13 13 12 12 Indian Bank 19 19 19 19 12 14 16 18 18 19 19 Punjab and Sind Bank 20 21 20 21 20 18 18 20 21 20 21 Andhra Bank 21 20 21 20 18 13 14 17 17 16 14 Figure 2. Ranking of Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the select Indian Banks from April 2007 to March 2018 6.3 Select Indian Banks – Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans –Analysis For the purpose of analyzing the select Indian Banks, and deciding the management performance and governance, it was decided to have ABC Analysis of three groups from the cumulative (decreasing method) Gross & Net NPAs or NPLs of the select Indian Banks. Group A – 1 - 70 – Poor management and governance or performance of directing and controlling. 0 5 10 15 20 25 St at e B an k… U C O B an k ID B I B an k C en tr al … C an ar a B an k P un ja b … Sy n d ic at e… B an k o f In d ia O ri en ta l… B an k o f… A lla h ab ad … In d ia n … U n it ed B an k… B an k o f… D en a B an k V ija ya B an k U n io n B an k… C o rp o ra ti o n… In d ia n B an k P un ja b & … A n d h ra B an k 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 (Bank wise NNPA or NNPL) with Highest NPA is Rated 1) Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1; 2020 46 Group – B - 71- 90 – Satisfactory management and governance or performance of directing and controlling. Group – C - 91 – 100 - Good management and governance or performance of directing and controlling. 6.3.1 Group – A State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India and Central Bank of India were in Group A i.e. 1-70% (Poor performance) most the years in Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans from April 2007 to March 2018. An analysis of this four Bank’s movement is studied and it is observed as below: 6.3.1.1 State Bank of India From August 2008 to April 2017, along with its seven subsidiary banks and Bhartiya Mahila Bank were merged into State Bank of India. However, it can be observed from Appendix A and B that there was not much impact on the Non- Performing Assets or Loans during that period. Table 3. Gross & Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans as on March 2018 Rs. Million Gross Non-Performing Loans Net Non-Performing Loans Year Last Year’s Out standing Added during the year Reduced during the year Written-Off Present Year Last Year Present Year 2017-18 1123430 1603037 90238 401954 2234275 582774 1108547 Source: https://www.rbi.org.in Table 4. Details of Chairman of State Bank of India from April 2007 to March 2018 Sl.No. Name Period From To 1. Shri O.P.Bhatt July 2006 March 2011 2. Shri Pratip Chaudhari April 2011 September 2013 3. Smt. Arundhati Bhattacharya October 2013 October 2017 4. Shri Rajnish Kumar October 2017 Till Date It can be observed from table 3 that the Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending i.e. March 2017 was Rs.1123430 Million and during the year April 2017 to March 2018 Rs.1603037 Million were added. During the year Bank had reduced Rs.90238 Million and written off Rs.401954 Million. The Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank at the end of March 2018 stood at Rs.2234275 Million. As regards the Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending was Rs.582774 Million and during the year ending March 2018 it stood at Rs.1108547 Million. It can also be observed that during the study period April 2007 to March 2018 the Bank topped in Group A, during the entire period. 6.3.1.2 Punjab National Bank It is interesting to note that there were no other Banks merged into Punjab National Bank from April 2007 to March 2018. The Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank were amongst the top two for the study period i.e. April 2007 to March 2018 as can be seen from Appendix A,B,C and D. Table 5. Gross & Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans as on March 2018 Rs. Million Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans Year Last Year’s Out standing Added during the year Reduced during the year Written-Off Present Year Last Year Present Year 2017-18 553705 442743 56175 74072 866201 327021 486843 Source: https://www.rbi.org.in Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1; 2020 47 Table 6. Details of Chairman and Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer–Punjab National Bank from April 2007 to March 2018 Sl.No. Name Period From To 1. Dr. K.C.Chakravarty 2007 June 2009 2. Mr. K.R.Kamath October 2009 October 2014 3. Mr. Gauri Shankar, Executive Director (Acting Chairman and Managing Director) February 2015 August 2015 4. Mrs. Usha Ananthasubramanian August 2015 May 2017 5. Mr. Sunil Mehta May 2017 September 2019 It can be observed from table 5 that the Gross Non-Performing Loans during the previous year ending i.e. March 2017 was Rs.553705 Million and during the year April 2017 to March 2018 Rs.442743 Million were added. During the year the Bank had reduced Rs.56175 Million and written off Rs.74072 Million. The Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank stood at the end of April 2018 to Rs.866201 Million. As regards the Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending was Rs.327021 Million and during the year ending March 2018 it stood at Rs.486843 Million. It can also be observed that during the study period April 2007 to March 2018 the Bank was mostly in Group A. 6.3.1.3 Bank of India The Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank were amongst the top three for the study period i.e. April 2007 to March 2018 as can be seen from Appendix A,B,C and D. Table 7. Gross & Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans as on March 2018 Rs. Million Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans Year Last Year’s Out standing Added during the year Reduced during the year Written-Off Present Year Last Year Present Year 2017- 2018 520445 255805 62518 90448 623285 253050 282073 Source: https://www.rbi.org.in Table 8. Details of Chairman and Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer - Bank of India from April 2007 to March 2018 Sl.No. Name Period From To 1. Mr. Alok K. Misra August 2003 September 2012 2. Mrs. V.R.Iyer November 2012 May 2015 3. Mr. Melwyn Rego February 2015 August 2015 4. Mrs. Usha Ananthasubramanian August 2015 May 2017 5. Mr. Dinabandhu Mohapatra May 2017 June 2019 It can be observed from table 7 that the Gross Non-Performing Loans during the previous year ending i.e. March 2017 was Rs.520445 Million and during the year April 2017 to March 2018 Rs.255805 Million were added. During the year the Bank had reduced Rs.62518 Million and written off Rs.90448 Million. The Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank at the end of March 2018 stood at Rs.623285 Million. As regards the Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending was Rs.253050 Million and during the year ending March 2018 it stood at Rs.282074 Million. It can also be observed that during the study period April 2007 to March 2018 the Bank was mostly in Group A. 6.3.1.4 Central Bank of India The Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank were amongst the top four for the study period i.e April March 2007 to March 2018 as can be seen from Appendix A,B,C and D. Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1; 2020 48 Table 9. Gross & Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans as on March 2018 Rs. Million Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans Year Last Year’s Out standing Added during the year Reduced during the year Written-Off Present Year Last Year Present Year 2017- 2018 272513 170712 32683 29236 381307 142178 173779 Source: https://www.rbi.org.in Table 10. Details of Chairman and Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer - Central Bank of India from April 2007 to March 2018 Sl.No. Name Period From To 1. Ms. H.A.Daruwalla June 2005 December 2008 2. Mr. S. Sridharan March 2009 May 2011 3. Mr. M.V.Tanksale June 2011 July 2013 4. Mr. Rajeev Rishi 1 August 2013 31 August 2018 5. Mr. Pallav Mohapatra September 2018 Till Date It can be observed from table 9 that the Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending i..e March 2017 was Rs.272513 Million and during the year April 2017 to March 2018 Rs.170712 Million were added. During the year the Bank had reduced Rs.32683 Million and written off Rs.29236 Million. The Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank at the end of March 2018 stood at Rs.381307 Million. As regards the Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending was Rs.142178 Million and during the year ending March 2018 it stood at Rs.173779 Million. It can also be observed that during the study period April 2007 to March 2018 the Bank was mostly in Group A. 6.3.2 Group – B Canara Bank and Bank of Maharashtra - were in Group B i.e. 71 – 90% (Satisfactory Performance) most of the years in Gross NPAs and Net NPAs during the period of study i.e. 2007-2008 to 2017-2018. An analysis of movement of two Banks i.e. Canara Bank and Bank of Maharashtra is studied and it is observed as below: 6.3.2.1 Canara Bank The Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank were fluctuated in various rankings and was mostly in Group B during the period March 2007 to April 2018, can be seen from Appendix A,B,C and D. The Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank were amongst the top three for the study period i.e. April 2007 to March 2018 as can be seen from Appendix A,B,C and D. Table 11. Gross & Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans as on March 2018 Rs. Million Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans Year Last Year’s Out standing Added during the year Reduced during the year Written-Off Present Year Last Year Present Year 2017- 2018 342020 247608 31847 83097 474685 216490 285424 Source: https://www.rbi.org.in Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1; 2020 49 Table 12. Details of Chairman and Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer - Canara Bank from April 2007 to March 2018 Sl.No. Name Period From To 1. Mr. M B A Rao June 2005 June 2008 2. Mr. A.C.Mahajan July 2008 July 2010 3. Mr. S. Raman September 2010 September 2012 4. Mr.R.K.Dubey January 2013 September 2014 5. Mr. Shri D.N.Manoharan 2014 July 2015 6. Mr. Rakesh Sharma August 2015 July 2018 7. RA Sankara Narayanan April 2019 January 2020 It can be observed from table 11 that the Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending i.e. March 2017 was Rs.342020 Million and during the year March 2017 to April 2018 Rs.247608 Million were added. During the year Bank had reduced Rs.31847 Million and written off Rs.83097 Million. The Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank at the end of March 2018 stood at Rs.474685 Million. As regards the Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending was Rs.216490 Million and during the year ending March 2018 it stood at Rs.285424 Million. It can also be observed that during the study period April 2007 to March 2018 the Bank was mostly in Group B. 6.3.2.2 Bank of Maharashtra The Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank were fluctuated in various rankings and was mostly in Group B during the period April 2007 to March 2018, as can be seen from Appendix A,B,C and D. Table 13. Gross & Net Non-Performing Loans as on March 2018 Rs. Million Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans Year Last Year’s Out standing Added during the year Reduced during the year Written-Off Present Year Last Year Present Year 2017- 2018 171887 54349 20300 24603 184332 113312 96412 Source: http://www.rbi.org.in Table 14. Details of Chairman and Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer - Bank of Maharashtra from April 2007 to March 2018 Sl.No. Name Period From To 1. Mr. Allen Pereira 2007 2011 2. Mr. Narendra Singh February 2012 September 2013 3. Mr. Sushil Muhnoot September 2013 September 2016 4. Mr. Ravindra Marathe September 2016 June 2018 It can be observed from table 13 that the Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending i.e. March 2017 was Rs.171887 Million and during the year April 2017 to March 2018 Rs54349 Millions were added. During the year Bank had reduced Rs.20300 Million and written off Rs.24603 Million. The Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank at the end of March 2018 stood at Rs.184332 Million. As regards the Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending was Rs.113312 Million and during the year ending March 2018 it stood at Rs.96412 Million. It can also be observed that during the study period April 2007 to March 2018 the Bank was mostly in Group B. http://www.rbi.org.in/ Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1; 2020 50 6.3.3 Group – C United Bank of India and Punjab and Sind Bank - were in Group C i.e. 91 – 100% (Good Performance) most of the years in Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the period of study i.e. April 2007 to March 2018. An analysis of these two Banks movement is studied and it is observed as below: 6.3.3.1 United Bank of India The Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank were fluctuated mostly in Group C during the period April 2007 to March 2018, as can be seen from Appendix A,B,C and D. Table15. Gross & Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans as on March 2018 Rs. Million Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans Year Last Year’s Out standing Added during the year Reduced during the year Written-Off Present Year Last Year Present Year 2017- 2018 109520 86063 11391 18669 165521 65919 103163 Source: https://www.rbi.org.in Table 16. Details of Chairman and Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer - United Bank of India - From April 2007 To March 2018 Sl.No. Name Period From To 1. Mr. P.K.Gupta November 2008 February 2010 2. Mr. Bhaskar Sen March 2010 2013 3. Mrs. Archana Bhargava April 2013 February 2014 4. Mr. Peturi Srinivasan December 2014 June 2016 5. Mr. Pawan Kumar Bajaj August 2016 September 2018 6. Mr. Ashok Kumar Pradhan October 2018 Till Date It can be observed from table 15 that the Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending i.e. March 2017 was Rs.109520 Million and during the year April 2017 to March 2018 Rs. 86063 Millions were added. During the year Bank had reduced Rs.11391 Million and written off Rs.18669 Million. The Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank at the end of March 2018 stood at Rs.165521 Million. As regards the Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending was Rs.65919 Million and during the year ending March 2018 it stood at Rs. 103163 Million. It can also be observed that during the study period April 2007 to March 2018 the Bank was mostly in Group C. 6.3.3.2 Punjab and Sind Bank The Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans of the Bank were mostly in Group C during the period April 2007 to March 2018, as can be seen from Appendix A, B, C and D. Table 17. Gross & Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans as on March 2018 Rs. Million Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans Year Last Year’s Out standing Added during the year Reduced during the year Written-Off Present Year Last Year Present Year 2017- 2018 62976 25918 6279 4598 78017 43751 46079 Source: https://www.rbi.org.in https://www.rbi.org.in/ Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1; 2020 51 Table 18. Details of Chairman and Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer - United Bank of India - From April 2007 to March 2018 Sl.No. Name Period From To 1. Mr. S.R.P.Singh 2007 August 2009 2. Mr. S.G.S.Vedi August 2009 June 2010 3. Mr. D.P.Singh November 2011 January 2014 4. Mr. Jatinder Singh February 2014 December 2017 5. S Harisankar September 2018 Till Date It can be observed from table 17 that the Gross Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending i.e. March 2017 was Rs.62976 Million and during the year April 2017 to March 2018 Rs. 25918 Millions were added. During the year the Banks had reduced Rs. 6279 Million and written off Rs.4598 Million. The Gross Non-Performing Loans of the Bank at the end of March 2018 stood at Rs.78017 Million. As regards the Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans during the previous year ending was Rs.43751 Million and during the year ending March 2018 it stood at Rs. 46079 Million. It can also be observed that during the study period March 2007 to April 2008 the Bank was mostly in Group C. 7. Conclusion The study of select Indian Banks for the period from April 2007 to March 2018 of all the groups together concludes that some of the Banks Net Performing Assets or Loans were very high and beyond the control of the Banks. The Banks have also been defrauded by large borrowers which have brought more strain on its assets. In some cases from the study it indicates that the performance of the Bank’s management was one of the reasons for rise in non-performing assets or loans and also it can be seen that there were no heads in respect of some Banks during the study period and it is a matter of great concern. It is therefore, concluded that there should be a strong management for better results and governance and the Regulators must also have strong supervisory control and policies put in place for better results. Since the Banks under study are formed under the law of the Government, it becomes necessary for the Government to have in place heads for all the Banks, so that decision making becomes easier and also those large borrowers who are defrauding their loans should be also strictly dealt with. It is necessary to have a sound financial and banking system to strengthen the economy of the country. 8. Limitations Only few selected banks are analyzed. Only the government banks were taken up for study and other type of banks i.e. Private, Co-operative and Foreign are not part of study. The qualitative aspect of the banking sector and the political environment prevailing in the country is also not part of the research study. It will be therefore, interesting to study the performance and management of the Banks after another five years after the merger of government banks into 4 to 5 big banks. References Sanjeev, G. M. (2007). Non-Performing Assets in Commercial Banks. Journal of Management Research, 7(1),South Asia Publications. Khushpatand J. S., & Rahul, C. G. (2012). Managing Business in Turbulent Times. JBIMS, Mumbai Journal, Excel India Publishers, New Delhi Retrieved from https://www.rbi.org.in Retrieved from http://www.moneycontrol.com Retrieved from Select Indian Banks Websites and Annual Reports. www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1 2020 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB 52 Appendix – A ABC Analysis of Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) or Loans of select Indian Public Sector Banks for the period April 2007 to March 2018 Rs. Million Name of Bank 2007- 2008 Percentage of Total Gross NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2008- 2009 Percentage of Total Gross NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2009- 2010 Percentage of Total Gross NPA Cumulative State Bank of India 128373 33.95 33.95 State Bank of India 157140 37.19 37.19 State Bank of India 195349 34.93 34.93 Punjab National Bank 33193 8.78 42.73 Punjab National Bank 25069 5.93 43.12 Bank of India 48827 8.73 43.66 Central Bank of India 23500 6.22 48.94 Bank of India 24709 5.85 48.97 Indian Overseas Bank 36111 6.46 50.11 Bank of Baroda 19814 5.24 54.18 Central Bank of India 23160 5.48 54.45 Punjab National Bank 32144 5.75 55.86 Bank of India 19309 5.11 59.29 Canara Bank 21680 5.13 59.58 Union Bank of India 26709 4.78 60.64 Syndicate Bank 17687 4.68 63.97 Indian Overseas Bank 19234 4.55 64.13 Canara Bank 25903 4.63 65.27 Union Bank of India 16566 4.38 68.35 Union Bank of India 19234 4.55 68.68 Central Bank of India 24580 4.39 69.66 UCO Bank 16520 4.37 72.72 Bank of Baroda 18429 4.36 73.04 Bank of Baroda 24007 4.29 73.96 IDBI Bank 15647 4.14 76.86 Syndicate Bank 15945 3.77 76.82 IDBI Bank 21294 3.81 77.76 Oriental Bank of Commerce 12801 3.39 80.24 UCO Bank 15395 3.64 80.46 Syndicate Bank 20068 3.59 81.35 Canara Bank 12726 3.37 83.61 IDBI Bank 14357 3.40 83.86 UCO Bank 16664 2.98 84.33 Allahabad Bank 10105 2.67 86.28 Allahabad Bank 10783 2.55 86.41 Oriental Bank of Commerce 14688 2.63 86.96 Indian Overseas Bank 9970 2.64 88.92 Oriental Bank of Commerce 10581 2.50 88.91 United Bank of India 13723 2.45 89.41 Bank of Maharashtra 7663 2.03 90.94 United Bank of India 10200 2.41 91.33 Allahabad Bank 12218 2.18 91.59 United Bank of India 7610 2.01 92.96 Bank of Maharashtra 7984 1.89 93.22 Bank of Maharashtra 12098 2.16 93.76 Corporation Bank 5844 1.55 94.50 Vijaya Bank 6988 1.65 94.87 Vijaya Bank 9945 1.78 95.54 Dena Bank 5726 1.51 96.02 Dena Bank 6208 1.47 96.34 Corporation Bank 6509 1.16 96.70 Vijaya Bank 5115 1.35 97.37 Corporation Bank 5592 1.32 97.66 Dena Bank 6420 1.15 97.85 Indian Bank 4869 1.29 98.66 Indian Bank 4592 1.09 98.75 Indian Bank 5101 0.91 98.76 Andhra Bank 3724 0.98 99.64 Andhra Bank 3681 0.87 99.62 Andhra Bank 4879 0.87 99.63 Punjab & Sind Bank 1355 0.36 100 Punjab & Sind Bank 1610 0.38 100 Punjab & Sind Bank 2062 0.37 100 TOTAL: 378117 100 TOTAL: 422571 100 TOTAL: 559299 100 www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1 2020 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB 53 Name of Bank 2010- 2011 Percentage of Total Gross NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2011- 2012 Percentage of Total Gross NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2012- 2013 Percentage of Total Gross NPA Cumulative State Bank of India 253263 36.41 36.41 State Bank of India 396765 36.48 36.48 State Bank of India 511894 33.49 33.49 Bank of India 48116 6.92 43.33 Punjab National Bank 87196 8.02 44.50 Punjab National Bank 134658 8.81 42.29 Punjab National Bank 43794 6.30 49.63 Central Bank of India 72730 6.69 51.19 Bank of India 87653 5.73 48.03 Union Bank of India 36228 5.21 54.84 Bank of India 58940 5.42 56.61 Central Bank of India 84560 5.53 53.56 Bank of Baroda 31525 4.53 59.37 Union Bank of India 54499 5.01 61.62 Bank of Baroda 79826 5.22 58.78 UCO Bank 31504 4.53 63.90 IDBI Bank 45514 4.19 65.80 UCO Bank 71301 4.66 63.44 Indian Overseas Bank 30896 4.44 68.34 Bank of Baroda 44648 4.11 69.91 Indian Overseas Bank 66080 4.32 67.77 Canara Bank 30892 4.44 72.79 UCO Bank 40862 3.76 73.67 IDBI Bank 64500 4.22 71.99 IDBI Bank 27847 4.00 76.79 Canara Bank 40318 3.71 77.37 Union Bank of India 63138 4.13 76.12 Syndicate Bank 25990 3.74 80.53 Indian Overseas Bank 39201 3.60 80.98 Canara Bank 62602 4.10 80.21 Central Bank of India 23940 3.44 83.97 Oriental Bk of Comm. 35805 3.29 84.27 Allahabad Bank 51370 3.36 83.57 Oriental Bank of Commerce 19205 2.76 86.73 Syndicate Bank 31827 2.93 87.20 Oriental Bank of Commerce 41840 2.74 86.31 Allahabad Bank 16479 2.37 89.10 United Bank of India 21764 2.00 89.20 Andhra Bank 37145 2.43 88.74 United Bank of India 13558 1.95 91.05 Allahabad Bank 20890 1.92 91.12 Indian Bank 35655 2.33 91.07 Vijaya Bank 12592 1.81 92.86 Indian Bank 18508 1.70 92.82 Syndicate Bank 29785 1.95 93.02 Bank of Maharashtra 11737 1.69 94.55 Andhra Bank 17980 1.65 94.47 United Bank of India 29638 1.94 94.96 Andhra Bank 9956 1.43 95.98 Vijaya Bank 17185 1.58 96.05 Corporation Bank 20482 1.34 96.30 Dena Bank 8422 1.21 97.19 Bank of Maharashtra 12970 1.19 97.25 Punjab & Sind Bank 15369 1.01 97.30 Corporation Bank 7902 1.14 98.33 Corporation Bank 12742 1.17 98.42 Vijaya Bank 15329 1.00 98.31 Indian Bank 7403 1.06 99.39 Dena Bank 9565 0.88 99.30 Dena Bank 14525 0.95 99.26 Punjab & Sind Bank 4243 0.61 100 Punjab & Sind Bank 7634 0.70 100 Bank of Maharashtra 11376 0.74 100 TOTAL: 695492 100 TOTAL: 1087543 100 TOTAL: 1528726 100 www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1 2020 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB 54 Name of Bank 2013- 2014 Percentage of Total Gross NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2014- 2015 Percentage of Total Gross NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2015- 2016 Percentage of Total Gross NPA Cumulative State Bank of India 616054 29.47 29.47 State Bank of India 567253 22.26 22.26 State Bank of India 981728 19.02 19.02 Punjab National Bank 188801 9.03 38.50 Punjab National Bank 256949 10.08 32.35 Punjab National Bank 558183 10.81 29.83 Bank of Baroda 118759 5.68 44.18 Bank of India 221932 8.71 41.06 Bank of India 498791 9.66 39.50 Bank of India 118686 5.68 49.86 Bank of Baroda 162614 6.38 47.44 Bank of Baroda 405210 7.85 47.35 Central Bank of India 115000 5.50 55.36 Indian Overseas Bank 149225 5.86 53.30 Canara Bank 316378 6.13 53.48 IDBI Bank 99620 4.77 60.12 Canara Bank 130400 5.12 58.42 Indian Overseas Bank 300486 5.82 59.30 Union Bank of India 95637 4.57 64.70 Union Bank of India 130309 5.11 63.53 IDBI Bank 248751 4.82 64.12 Indian Overseas Bank 90205 4.31 69.01 IDBI Bank 126850 4.98 68.51 Union Bank of India 241709 4.68 68.80 Allahabad Bank 80680 3.86 72.87 Central Bank of India 118730 4.66 73.17 Central Bank of India 227210 4.40 73.20 Canara Bank 75702 3.62 76.49 UCO Bank 102651 4.03 77.20 UCO Bank 209077 4.05 77.25 United Bank of India 71180 3.40 79.90 Allahabad Bank 83580 3.28 80.48 Allahabad Bank 153846 2.98 80.23 UCO Bank 66214 3.17 83.07 Corporation Bank 71067 2.79 83.27 Oriental Bank of Commerce 147017 2.85 83.08 Andhra Bank 58576 2.80 85.87 Andhra Bank 68765 2.70 85.97 Corporation Bank 145443 2.82 85.90 Oriental Bank of Commerce 56179 2.69 88.56 United Bank of India 65529 2.57 88.54 Syndicate Bank 138322 2.68 88.58 Corporation Bank 47368 2.27 90.82 Syndicate Bank 64424 2.53 91.07 Andhra Bank 114436 2.22 90.80 Syndicate Bank 46111 2.21 93.03 Bank of Maharashtra 64021 2.51 93.58 Bank of Maharashtra 103859 2.01 92.81 Indian Bank 45622 2.18 95.21 Indian Bank 56704 2.23 95.81 United Bank of India 94710 1.83 94.64 Bank of Maharashtra 28599 1.37 96.58 Dena Bank 43930 1.72 97.53 Indian Bank 88270 1.71 96.35 Dena Bank 26160 1.25 97.83 Punjab & Sind Bank 30822 1.21 98.74 Dena Bank 85605 1.66 98.01 Punjab & Sind Bank 25535 1.22 99.05 Vijaya Bank 24432 0.96 99.70 Vijaya Bank 60271 1.17 99.18 Vijaya Bank 19859 0.95 100 Oriental Bank of Commerce 7662 0.30 100 Punjab & Sind Bank 42291 0.82 100 TOTAL: 2090547 100 TOTAL: 2547849 100 TOTAL: 5161593 100 www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1 2020 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB 55 Source: https://www.rbi.org.in and https://www.moneycontrol.com Name of Bank 2016- 2017 Percentage of Total Gross NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2017- 2018 Percentage of Total Gross NPA Cumulative State Bank of India 1123430 18.14 18.14 State Bank of India 2234275 24.95 24.95 Punjab National Bank 553705 8.94 27.09 Punjab National Bank 866201 9.67 34.62 Bank of India 520445 8.40 35.49 Bank of India 623285 6.96 41.58 IDBI Bank 447526 7.23 42.72 Bank of Baroda 564804 6.31 47.88 Bank of Baroda 427187 6.90 49.62 IDBI Bank 555883 6.21 54.09 Indian Overseas Bank 350983 5.67 55.28 Union Bank of India 493699 5.51 59.60 Canara Bank 342020 5.52 60.81 Canara Bank 474685 5.30 64.90 Union Bank of India 337123 5.44 66.25 Indian Overseas Bank 381802 4.26 69.17 Central Bank of India 272510 4.40 70.65 Central Bank of India 381307 4.26 73.42 Oriental Bank of Commerce 228593 3.69 74.35 UCO Bank 305499 3.41 76.84 UCO Bank 225410 3.64 77.99 Andhra Bank 281244 3.14 79.98 Allahabad Bank 206878 3.34 81.33 Allahabad Bank 265628 2.97 82.94 Andhra Bank 176700 2.85 84.18 Oriental Bank of Commerce 261336 2.92 85.86 Syndicate Bank 176093 2.84 87.02 Syndicate Bank 257586 2.88 88.74 Bank of Maharashtra 171887 2.78 89.80 Corporation Bank 222134 2.48 91.22 Corporation Bank 170452 2.75 92.55 Bank of Maharashtra 184332 2.06 93.27 Dena Bank 126187 2.04 94.59 United Bank of India 165521 1.85 95.12 United Bank of India 109520 1.77 96.36 Dena Bank 163614 1.83 96.95 Indian Bank 98651 1.59 97.95 Indian Bank 119901 1.34 98.29 Vijaya Bank 63818 1.03 98.98 Punjab & Sind Bank 78017 0.87 99.16 Punjab & Sind Bank 62976 1.02 100 Vijaya Bank 75261 0.84 100 TOTAL: 6192094 100 TOTAL: 8956014 100 www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1 2020 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB 56 Appendix – B ABC Analysis of Net Non-Performing Assets (NNPAs) or Loans of Select Indian Public Sector Banks for the period April 2007 to March 2018. Rs. Million Name of Bank 2007- 2009 Percentage of total Net NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2008- 2009 Percentage of total Net NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2009- 2010 Percentage of total Net NPA Cumulative State Bank of India 74243 44.32 44.32 State Bank of India 96774 48.47 48.47 State Bank of India 108702 39.27 39.27 UCO Bank 10923 6.52 50.84 Canara Bank 15073 7.55 56.03 Bank of India 22075 7.97 47.24 IDBI Bank 10829 6.46 57.30 Central Bank of India 10630 5.32 61.35 Indian Overseas Bank 19950 7.21 54.45 Central Bank of India 10600 6.33 63.63 Indian Overseas Bank 9991 5.00 66.35 Canara Bank 17997 6.50 60.95 Canara Bank 8990 5.37 69.00 IDBI Bank 9490 4.75 71.11 IDBI Bank 14063 5.08 66.03 Punjab National Bank 7538 4.50 73.50 UCO Bank 8127 4.07 75.18 Punjab National Bank 9817 3.55 69.57 Syndicate Bank 6227 3.72 77.22 Syndicate Bank 6318 3.16 78.34 UCO Bank 9663 3.49 73.06 Bank of India 5920 3.53 80.75 Bank of India 6282 3.15 81.49 Union Bank of India 9653 3.49 76.55 Oriental Bank of Commerce 5384 3.21 83.96 United Bank of India 5250 2.63 84.12 Syndicate Bank 9632 3.48 80.03 Bank of Baroda 4936 2.95 86.91 Bank of Baroda 4490 2.25 86.37 United Bank of India 7786 2.81 82.84 Allahabad Bank 3998 2.39 89.30 Oriental Bank of Commerce 4424 2.22 88.59 Central Bank of India 7270 2.63 85.47 Indian Overseas Bank 3632 2.17 91.46 Allahabad Bank 4221 2.11 90.70 Oriental Bank of Commerce 7238 2.61 88.08 United Bank of India 3060 1.83 93.29 Union Bank of India 3259 1.63 92.33 Bank of Maharashtra 6624 2.39 90.48 Bank of Maharashtra 2540 1.52 94.81 Dena Bank 3134 1.57 93.90 Bank of Baroda 6023 2.18 92.65 Dena Bank 2154 1.29 96.09 Vijaya Bank 2923 1.46 95.37 Vijaya Bank 5818 2.10 94.75 Vijaya Bank 1816 1.08 97.18 Bank of Maharashtra 2719 1.36 96.73 Allahabad Bank 4702 1.70 96.45 Union Bank of India 1276 0.76 97.94 Punjab National Bank 2639 1.32 98.05 Dena Bank 4275 1.54 98.00 Corporation Bank 1269 0.76 98.70 Corporation Bank 1383 0.69 98.74 Corporation Bank 1973 0.71 98.71 Indian Bank 976 0.58 99.28 Indian Bank 938 0.47 99.21 Indian Bank 1449 0.52 99.23 Punjab & Sind Bank 670 0.40 99.68 Andhra Bank 792 0.40 99.61 Punjab & Sind Bank 1166 0.42 99.65 Andhra Bank 537 0.32 100 Punjab & Sind Bank 780 0.39 100 Andhra Bank 957 0.35 100 TOTAL: 167518 100 TOTAL: 199637 100 TOTAL: 276833 100 www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1 2020 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB 57 Name of Bank 2010- 2011 Percentage of total Net NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2011- 2012 Percentage of total Net NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2012- 2013 Percentage of total Net NPA Cumulative State Bank of India 123469 36.73 36.73 State Bank of India 158189 28.87 28.87 State Bank of India 219565 26.20 26.20 Canara Bank 23299 6.93 43.67 Central Bank of India 46000 8.40 37.27 Punjab National Bank 72365 8.63 34.83 Punjab National Bank 20386 6.07 49.73 Punjab National Bank 44542 8.13 45.40 Bank of India 59473 7.10 41.93 Bank of India 19450 5.79 55.52 Bank of India 36564 6.67 52.07 Canara Bank 52781 6.30 48.23 UCO Bank 18246 5.43 60.95 Canara Bank 33863 6.18 58.25 Central Bank of India 49880 5.95 54.18 Union Bank of India 18034 5.37 66.31 Union Bank of India 30250 5.52 63.78 Bank of Baroda 41920 5.00 59.18 IDBI Bank 16779 4.99 71.31 IDBI Bank 29109 5.31 69.09 Allahabad Bank 41268 4.92 64.11 Indian Overseas Bank 13284 3.95 75.26 Oriental Bank of Commerce 24590 4.49 73.58 UCO Bank 40693 4.86 68.96 Syndicate Bank 10308 3.07 78.32 UCO Bank 22639 4.13 77.71 Indian Overseas Bank 40272 4.81 73.77 Oriental Bank of Commerce 9382 2.79 81.12 Indian Overseas Bank 19074 3.48 81.19 Union Bank of India 33534 4.00 77.77 Central Bank of India 8470 2.52 83.64 Bank of Baroda 15436 2.82 84.01 IDBI Bank 31004 3.70 81.47 Bank of Baroda 7909 2.35 85.99 Indian Bank 11968 2.18 86.19 Oriental Bank of Commerce 29027 3.46 84.93 United Bank of India 7574 2.25 88.24 Syndicate Bank 11854 2.16 88.36 Andhra Bank 24092 2.87 87.81 Vijaya Bank 7412 2.21 90.45 Allahabad Bank 10917 1.99 90.35 Indian Bank 23843 2.84 90.65 Allahabad Bank 7364 2.19 92.64 United Bank of India 10756 1.96 92.31 United Bank of India 19700 2.35 93.00 Bank of Maharashtra 6190 1.84 94.48 Vijaya Bank 9980 1.82 94.13 Corporation Bank 14109 1.68 94.68 Dena Bank 5490 1.63 96.11 Corporation Bank 8694 1.59 95.72 Syndicate Bank 11248 1.34 96.03 Corporation Bank 3977 1.18 97.30 Andhra Bank 7559 1.38 97.10 Punjab & Sind Bank 11104 1.32 97.35 Indian Bank 3970 1.18 98.48 Dena Bank 5717 1.04 98.14 Dena Bank 9172 1.09 98.45 Andhra Bank 2737 0.81 99.29 Punjab & Sind Bank 5476 1.00 99.14 Vijaya Bank 9097 1.09 99.53 Punjab & Sind Bank 2379 0.71 100 Bank of Maharashtra 4696 0.86 100 Bank of Maharashtra 3929 0.47 100 TOTAL: 336109 100 TOTAL: 547873 100 TOTAL: 838076 100 www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1 2020 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB 58 Name of Bank 2013- 2014 Percentage of total Net NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2014- 2015 Percentage of total Net NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2015- 2016 Percentage of total Net NPA Cumulative State Bank of India 310961 25.99 25.99 State Bank of India 275906 18.36 18.36 State Bank of India 558070 18.16 18.16 Punjab National Bank 99170 8.29 34.28 Punjab National Bank 153965 10.25 28.61 Punjab National Bank 354226 11.53 29.69 Bank of India 74172 6.20 40.48 Bank of India 135176 9.00 37.60 Bank of India 279964 9.11 38.80 Central Bank of India 66500 5.56 46.04 Indian Overseas Bank 98133 6.53 44.13 Canara Bank 208329 6.78 45.58 Bank of Baroda 60348 5.04 51.08 Canara Bank 87401 5.82 49.95 Bank of Baroda 194065 6.32 51.89 Canara Bank 59655 4.99 56.07 Bank of Baroda 80695 5.37 55.32 Indian Overseas Bank 192126 6.25 58.15 Allahabad Bank 57218 4.78 60.85 Union Bank of India 69190 4.60 59.93 IDBI Bank 146434 4.77 62.91 Indian Overseas Bank 56581 4.73 65.58 Central Bank of India 68070 4.53 64.46 Union Bank of India 140259 4.56 67.48 Union Bank of India 53403 4.46 70.04 UCO Bank 63306 4.21 68.67 Central Bank of India 132420 4.31 71.79 IDBI Bank 49023 4.10 74.14 IDBI Bank 59925 3.99 72.66 UCO Bank 114436 3.72 75.51 United Bank of India 46641 3.90 78.04 Allahabad Bank 59789 3.98 76.64 Allahabad Bank 102925 3.35 78.86 Oriental Bank of Commerce 39044 3.26 81.30 Oriental Bank of Commerce 48162 3.21 79.84 Oriental Bank of Commerce 99322 3.23 82.09 UCO Bank 35564 2.97 84.27 Corporation Bank 44650 2.97 82.81 Corporation Bank 91601 2.98 85.07 Andhra Bank 33425 2.79 87.07 Bank of Maharashtra 41266 2.75 85.56 Syndicate Bank 90149 2.93 88.01 Corporation Bank 31806 2.66 89.73 United Bank of India 40814 2.72 88.27 Bank of Maharashtra 68320 2.22 90.23 Indian Bank 27637 2.31 92.04 Syndicate Bank 38437 2.56 90.83 United Bank of India 61107 1.99 92.22 Syndicate Bank 27206 2.27 94.31 Andhra Bank 36886 2.45 93.29 Andhra Bank 60357 1.96 94.18 Punjab & Sind Bank 19186 1.60 95.91 Indian Bank 31470 2.09 95.38 Indian Bank 54194 1.76 95.95 Dena Bank 18189 1.52 97.43 Dena Bank 30143 2.01 97.39 Dena Bank 52305 1.70 97.65 Bank of Maharashtra 18073 1.51 98.94 Punjab & Sind Bank 22660 1.51 98.90 Vijaya Bank 42768 1.39 99.04 Vijaya Bank 12624 1.06 100 Vijaya Bank 16597 1.10 100 Punjab & Sind Bank 29495 0.96 100 TOTAL: 1196426 100 TOTAL: 1502641 100 TOTAL: 3072872 100 www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1 2020 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB 59 Name of Bank 2016-17 Percentage of total Net NPA Cumulative Name of Bank 2017-18 Percentage of total Net NPA Cumulative State Bank of India 582774 16.92 16.92 State Bank of India 1108547 24.39 24.39 Punjab National Bank 327021 9.50 26.42 Punjab National Bank 486843 10.71 35.10 Bank of India 253050 7.35 33.77 IDBI Bank 286651 6.31 41.41 IDBI Bank 252058 7.32 41.08 Canara Bank 285424 6.28 47.69 Canara Bank 216490 6.29 47.37 Bank of India 282073 6.21 53.90 Indian Overseas Bank 197493 5.73 53.11 Union Bank of India 243263 5.35 59.25 Union Bank of India 188321 5.47 58.57 Bank of Baroda 234827 5.17 64.42 Bank of Baroda 180802 5.25 63.82 Indian Overseas Bank 203997 4.49 68.91 Central Bank of India 142180 4.13 67.95 Central Bank of India 173779 3.82 72.73 Oriental Bank of Commerce 141178 4.10 72.05 Oriental Bank of Commerce 142829 3.14 75.87 Allahabad Bank 134335 3.90 75.95 UCO Bank 140821 3.10 78.97 Corporation Bank 116922 3.40 79.35 Corporation Bank 140770 3.10 82.07 Bank of Maharashtra 112296 3.26 82.61 Syndicate Bank 132395 2.91 84.98 UCO Bank 107034 3.11 85.72 Andhra Bank 126369 2.78 87.76 Syndicate Bank 104110 3.02 88.74 Allahabad Bank 122291 2.69 90.45 Andhra Bank 103548 3.01 91.75 United Bank of India 103163 2.27 92.72 Dena Bank 77351 2.25 93.99 Bank of Maharashtra 96412 2.12 94.85 United Bank of India 65919 1.91 95.91 Dena Bank 78388 1.72 96.57 Indian Bank 56066 1.63 97.53 Indian Bank 59596 1.31 97.88 Punjab & Sind Bank 43751 1.27 98.80 Vijaya Bank 50212 1.10 98.99 Vijaya Bank 41182 1.20 100 Punjab & Sind Bank 46079 1.01 100 TOTAL: 3443881 100 TOTAL: 4544729 100.00 Source: https://www.rbi.org.in and https://www.moneycontrol.com www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1 2020 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB 60 Appendix – C Details of Group Ranking of select Indian Public Sector Banks as per percentage of Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) or Gross Non Performing Loans (GNPLs) for the period April 2007 to March 2018 - (Groups for studying the management and governance of select Banks from the cumulative (decreasing method) i.e. Group – A - 1-70 (Poor Performance), Group – B - 71-90 (Satisfactory Performance) and Group – C - 91-100 (Good Performance). Group 2007-2008 Highest GNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Bank of India, Syndicate Bank, Canara Bank. Medium GNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) UCO Bank, IDBI Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Allahabad Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Bank of Maharashtra. Lowest GNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) United Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Dena Bank, Vijaya Bank, Indian Bank, Andhra Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank. Group 2008-2009 Highest GNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Canara Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Union Bank of India. Medium GNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Bank of Baroda, Syndicate Bank, UCO Bank, IDBI Bank, Allahabad Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce. Lowest GNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) United Bank of India, Bank of Maharashtra, Vijaya Bank, Dena Bank, Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Andhra Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank. Group 2009-2010 Highest GNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank, Punjab National Bank, Canara Bank, Central Bank of India. Medium GNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Bank of Baroda, IDBI Bank, Syndicate Bank, UCO Bank, Union Bank of India, Oriental Bank of Commerce, United Bank of India. Lowest GNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Allahabad Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, Vijaya Bank, Corporation Bank, Dena Bank, Indian Bank, Andhra Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank. Group 2010-2011 Highest GNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Union Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, UCO Bank, Indian Overseas Bank. Medium GNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Canara Bank, IDBI Bank, Central Bank of India, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Allahabad Bank. Lowest GNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) United Bank of India, Vijaya Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, Andhra Bank, Dena Bank, Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank. Group 2011-2012 Highest GNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Central Bank of India, Bank of India, Union Bank of India, IDBI www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1 2020 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB 61 Bank, Bank of Baroda. Medium GNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) UCO Bank, Canara Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Syndicate Bank, United Bank of India. Lowest GNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Allahabad Bank, Indian Bank, Andhra Bank, Vijaya Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, Corporation Bank, Dena Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank. Group 2012-2013 Highest GNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, UCO Bank, Indian Overseas Bank. Medium GNPAs B (71-90%)(Satisfactory Performance) IDBI Bank, Union Bank of India, Canara Bank, Allahabad Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Andhra Bank. Lowest GNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Indian Bank, Syndicate Bank, United Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank, Vijaya Bank, Dena Bank, Bank of Maharashtra. Group 2013-2014 Highest GNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of Baroda, Bank of India, Central Bank of India, IDBI Bank, Union Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank. Medium GNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Allahabad Bank, Canara Bank, United Bank of India, UCO Bank, Andhra Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Corporation Bank. Lowest GNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Syndicate, Indian, BOM, Dena, P&SB, Vijaya Group 2014-2015 Highest GNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Indian Overseas Bank, Canara Bank, Union Bank of India, IDBI Bank. Medium GNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Central Bank of India, UCO Bank, Allahabad Bank, Corporation Bank, Andhra Bank, United Bank of India. Lowest GNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Syndicate Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, Indian Bank, Dena Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Vijaya Bank. Group 2015-2016 Highest GNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, IDBI Bank, Union Bank of India. Medium GNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Central Bank of India, UCO Bank, Allahabad Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Corporation Bank, Syndicate Bank, Andhra Bank. Lowest GNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Bank of Maharashtra, United Bank of India, Indian Bank, Dena Bank, Vijaya Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank. Group 2016-2017 Highest GNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank, Canara Bank, Union Bank of India, Central Bank of India. Medium GNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Oriental Bank of Commerce, UCO Bank, Allahabad Bank, Andhra Bank, Syndicate Bank, Bank of Maharashtra. www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1 2020 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB 62 Lowest GNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Corporation Bank, Dena Bank, United Bank of India, Indian Bank, Vijaya Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank. Group 2017-2018 Highest GNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, IDBI Bank, Union Bank of India, Canara Bank and Indian Overseas Bank. Medium GNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Central Bank of India, UCO Bank, Andhra Bank, Allahabad Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Syndicate Bank. Lowest GNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Corporation Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, Dena Bank, Indian Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank, Vijaya Bank. Appendix – D Details of Group Ranking of select Indian Public Sector Banks as per percentage of Net Non-Performing Assets (NNPA) or Net Non-Performing Loans (NNPLs) for the period April 2007 to March 2018 - (Groups for studying the management and governance of select Banks from the cumulative (decreasing method) i.e. Group – A - 1-70 (Poor Performance), Group – B - 71-90 (Satisfactory Performance) and Group – C - 91-100 (Good Performance). Group 2007-2008 Highest NNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, UCO Bank, IDBI Bank, Central Bank of India, Canara Bank. Medium NNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Punjab National Bank, Syndicate Bank, Bank of India, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Bank of Baroda, Allahabad Bank. Lowest NNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Indian Overseas Bank, United Bank of India, Bank of Maharashtra, Dena Bank, Vijaya Bank, Union Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank, Andhra Bank. Group 2008-2009 Highest NNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Canara Bank, Central Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank. Medium NNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) IDBI Bank, UCO Bank, Syndicate Bank, Bank of India, United Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Allahabad Bank. Lowest NNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Union Bank of India, Dena Bank, Vijaya Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, Punjab National Bank, Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Andhra Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank. Group 2009-2010 Highest NNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank, Canara Bank, IDBI Bank, Punjab National Bank. Medium NNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) UCO Bank, Union Bank of India, Syndicate Bank, United Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Bank of Maharashtra. Lowest NNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Bank of Baroda, Vijaya Bank, Allahabad Bank, Dena bank, Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank, Andhra Bank. Group 2010-2011 Highest NNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Canara Bank, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Bank of India, UCO Bank, Union www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1 2020 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB 63 Bank. Medium NNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) IDBI Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Syndicate Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Central Bank of India, Bank of India, United Bank of India, Vijaya Bank. Lowest NNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Allahabad Bank, Bank of Baroda, Dena Bank, Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Andhra Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank. Group 2011-2012 Highest NNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Canara Bank, Union Bank of India, IDBI Bank. Medium NNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Oriental Bank of India, UCO Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Bank of Baroda, Indian Bank, Syndicate Bank, Allahabad Bank. Lowest NNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) United Bank of India, Vijaya Bank, Corporation Bank, Andhra Bank, Dena Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank, Bank of Maharashtra. Group 2012-2013 Highest NNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Canara Bank, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Allahabad Bank, UCO Bank. Medium NNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Indian Overseas Bank, Union Bank of India, IDBI Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Andhra Bank, Indian Bank. Lowest NNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) United Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Syndicate Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank, Dena Bank, Vijaya Bank, Bank of Maharashtra. Group 2013-2014 Highest NNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, Allahabad Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Union Bank of India. Medium NNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) IDBI Bank, United Bank of India, Oriental Bank of Commerce, UCO Bank, Andhra Bank, Corporation Bank. Lowest NNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Indian Bank, Syndicate Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank, Dena Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, Vijaya Bank. Group 2014-2015 Highest NNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank, Canara Bank, Bank of Baroda, Union Bank of India, Central Bank of India, UCO Bank. Medium NNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) IDBI Bank, Allahabad Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Corporation Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, United Bank of India, Syndicate Bank. Lowest NNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Andhra Bank, Indian Bank, Dena Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank, Vijaya Bank. Group 2015-2016 Highest NNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Canara Bank, Bank of Baroda, Indian Overseas Bank, IDBI Bank, Union Bank of India. www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijfb Indian Journal of Finance and Banking Vol. 4, No. 1 2020 Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2020, CRIBFB | IJFB 64 Medium NNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Central Bank of India, UCO Bank, Allahabad Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Corporation Bank, Syndicate Bank, Bank of Maharashtra. Lowest NNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) United Bank of India, Andhra Bank, Indian Bank, Dena Bank, Vijaya Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank. Group 2016-2017 Highest NNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, IDBI Bank, Canara Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Union Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Central Bank of India. Medium NNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Oriental Bank of Commerce, Allahabad Bank, Corporation Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, UCO Bank, Syndicate Bank. Lowest NNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) Andhra Bank, United Bank of India, Indian Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank, Vijaya Bank. Group 2017-2018 Highest NNPAs A (1-70%) (Poor Performance) State Bank of India, Union Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Indian Overseas Bank. Medium NNPAs B (71-90%) (Satisfactory Performance) Central Bank of India, Oriental Bank of Commerce, UCO Bank, Corporation Bank, Syndicate Bank, Andhra Bank, Allahabad Bank. Lowest NNPAs C (91-100%) (Good Performance) United Bank of India, Bank of Maharashtra, Dena Bank, Indian Bank, Vijaya Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank. Copyrights Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. 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