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Vol 2 | Issue 4 | Oct – Dec 2023                                                                          Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 174  

Original Article 

In-vitro anti-solar activity of peel of Malus domestica 

Supriya Mhamane1, Yogesh Shinde2 

From, 1Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola, Maharashtra, 2Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri 

College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola, Maharashtra. 

ABSTRACT 

Hormone production is stimulated by sunlight and it can lead to the synthesis of vitamin D, it also stimulates the reconstruction 

of cells of the skin. Melanin is the pigment that acts as a natural sunscreen for the skin. Melanin is also stimulated by sunlight. 

Sunburn, rashes, miliaria, itching, and other skin-related diseases can occur due to the excess harmful sun rays. This study 

determines the anti-solar property of the UV absorption of the peel of Malus domestica. By using the soxhlet apparatus, the 

extract was obtained. For extraction of 25gm of the powdered drug, 100ml of solvent i.e. distilled water and methanol in the 

2:5 ratio were used. The activity is determined by using UV-visible spectrophotometer in the range of 200–400 nm. The 

maximum absorbance was determined by conc. 6µg/ml at 205nm, good absorbance shows at conc. 4µg/ml at 207nm and 

moderate absorbance by conc. 2µg/ml at 207nm. 

Keywords: Malus domestica, UV Spectrophotometer, Anti-solar activity, UV-rays absorption, Wavelength. 

he surface area of the skin is 1.5 to 2 m2. It is 

protective in nature. Continuous exposure to 

sunlight can affect the skin and damage it. To 

protect the skin from this damage, it releases melanin [1]. 

Excessive exposure to sunlight can cause rashes, sunburn, 

miliaria, itching, and other skin-related diseases. To 

protect the body from this, the sunscreens are used. Based 

on the wavelength of UV light, it is UVA, UVB, and UVC 

[2]. Solar radiation affects the skin. UV-A and UV-B can 

cause sunburn, cutaneous degeneration, and cell skin 

cancer [3].  

 MATERIALS AND METHODS 

 Peel of Malus domestica was collected and shade dried. 

Then it is powered by using a mixer grinder and passed 

from sieve no. 20.  

 

  

Extraction method 

In the soxhlet apparatus, add 25gm of powdered drug and 

pour the solvent system in the ratio 2:5 of distilled water: 

methanol. Pour solvent up to which three cycles were 

complete. Then start the heating mantle at 550c and start 

the water supply to the condenser. The solvent pass from 

the powder and along with constituents present in the 

powder settles in the round bottom flask. Keep this process 

up upto the solvent comes colorless [4]. 

Qualitative tests 

1) Shinoda test: In a dry extract, add 5 ml of 95% ethanol 

and a few drops of conc. hydrochloric acid and 0.5gm 

of magnesium turnings. Pink color shows the presence 

of flavonoids [5]. 

2) Lead acetate test: In a small quantity of extract, add 

lead acetate solution, the yellow-colored precipitate is 

formed [5]. 

_______________________________________ 

Correspondence to: Supriya Mhamane, Pharmaceutics, 

Korwali, Tal. Mohol, Dist. Solapur, Maharashtra, India. 

Email: supriyamhamane99@gmail.com Tel.: +91 

8080244609 

Access this article online 

Received – 12th June 2023 

Initial review – 17th June 2023 

Accepted – 28th June 2023 

 

 
Quick Response Code 

T 

mailto:supriyamhamane99@gmail.com


Mhamane S & Shinde Y                                                                              Anti-solar activity of Malus domestica 

Vol 2 | Issue 4 | Oct – Dec 2023                                                                          Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 175  

 

     

Fig.1: Peel of Malus domestica              Fig.2: Peel powder of Malus domestica    Fig.3: Peel powder sieving

 
Fig.4: Shinoda test 

 
Fig.5: Lead acetate test 

In-vitro anti-solar activity of peel of Malus domestica  

Procedure  

10mg powdered drug was added in 100 ml of solvent i.e. 

distilled water: methanol in a 2:5 ratio to prepare a stock 

solution of 100µg/ml concentration. From this stock 

solution, 5 different concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 

µg/ml were prepared by pipetting 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 

ml of stock solution and dilute it up to 10 ml. Then 

observe the maximum absorbance and the wavelength at 

which maximum absorbance was observed photo-

metrically by using a UV-visible spectrophotometer [6]. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

The peel of Malus domestica contains plant constituents 

such as flavonoids. This constituent shows anti-solar  

 

activity. UV radiation from the sunlight can cause the 

diseases like skin rashes, sunburn, miliaria, itching, and 

other skin-related diseases. To protect the skin from these 

diseases, anti-solar agents are used. Anti-solar agents 

absorb the UV radiation which has 200 to 400 nm 

wavelength [1] (Table 1-3).  

In-vitro Anti-solar Activity 

Table 1: In-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic 

extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 2µg/ml 

S. No. Wavelength nm. Abs. 

1 349.80 0.002 

2 344.40 0.002 

3 338.60 0.005 

4 318.40 0.007 

5 305.40 0.007 

6 375.80 0.017 

7 368.80 0.019 

8 362.00 0.018 

9 209.80 0.250 

10 207.00 0.266 

11 348.00 0.000 

12 341.80 0.001 

13 320.40 0.005 

14 310.00 0.006 

15 304.60 0.005 

16 301.00 0.004 

17 274.20 0.016 

18 265.60 0.017 

19 252.40 0.014 

20 203.60 0.234 

Table 2: In-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic 

extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 4µg/ml 

S. No. Wavelength nm. Abs. 

1 395.00 0.002 

2 344.00 0.009 

3 332.00 0.014 



Mhamane S & Shinde Y                                                                              Anti-solar activity of Malus domestica 

Vol 2 | Issue 4 | Oct – Dec 2023                                                                          Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 176  

4 322.00 0.015 

5 310.00 0.018 

6 303.60 0.018 

7 279.80 0.040 

8 260.00 0.042 

9 207.00 0.315 

10 345.00 0.000 

11 342.00 0.006 

12 320.40 0.013 

13 312.00 0.016 

14 306.00 0.016 

15 257.00 0.005 

16 0.006 0.006 

Table 3: In-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic 

extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 6µg/ml 

S. No. Wavelength nm Abs. 

1 378.40 0.016 

2 371.00 0.018 

3 354.40 0.022 

4 349.00 0.025 

5 346.80 0.024 

6 342.20 0.024 

7 334.40 0.026 

8 332.00 0.028 

9 327.40 0.027 

10 324.40 0.028 

11 320.80 0.032 

12 319.00 0.031 

13 314.00 0.030 

14 308.00 0.036 

15 302.20 0.045 

16 386.20 0.056 

17 380.40 0.065 

18 278.40 0.063 

19 373.20 0.065 

20 368.20 0.065 

21 363.60 0.063 

22 207.80 0.561 

23 205.00 0.568 

24 375.60 0.015s 

Anti-solar activity is first performed to study the 

absorption of UV radiation of the peels of Malus 

domestica. Estimation of the anti-solar activity by the 

methanolic extract was completed by this study. This study 

gives the range of wavelengths in which absorption of UV 

radiation was observed. The maximum absorption of UV 

radiation was found at a concentration of 2µg/ml, at 

207nm i.e. 0.266. The maximum absorption of UV 

radiation was found at a concentration of 4µg/ml, at 

207nm i.e. 0.315. The maximum absorption of UV 

radiation was found at a concentration of 6µg/ml, at 

205nm i.e. 0.568. From 2µg/ml, the maximum absorption 

of UV radiation increases as concentration increases, 

which is as shown in (Graph 1-4). The extract of 6µg/ml 

shows maximum absorption of UV radiation i.e. 0.568 as 

compared to the other concentrations [3] [7]. 

 

 

Graph 1: In-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 2µg/ml 



Mhamane S & Shinde Y                                                                              Anti-solar activity of Malus domestica 

Vol 2 | Issue 4 | Oct – Dec 2023                                                                          Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 177  

 

Graph 2: In-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 4µg/ml 

 

Graph 3: In-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 6µg/ml 

 

Graph 4: Comparison of in-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 2µg/ml, 

4µg/ml, 6µg/ml, 8µg/ml, 10µg/m 



Mhamane S & Shinde Y                                                                              Anti-solar activity of Malus domestica 

Vol 2 | Issue 4 | Oct – Dec 2023                                                                          Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 178  

CONCLUSION 

The conclusion of this study shows that the methanolic 

extract of the peel of Malus domestica shows anti-solar 

activity by determining its maximum absorption of UV 

radiation in a UV region i.e. 200nm to 400nm of 

wavelength. The extract of 6µg/ml shows maximum 

absorption of UV radiation i.e. 0.568 as compared to other 

concentrations. The maximum absorption of UV radiation 

was found at a concentration of 6µg/ml, at 205nm i.e. 

0.568. From 2µg/ml, the maximum absorption of UV 

radiation increases as concentration increases.  

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3. Natashya Advaita et al, “In vitro evaluation of sun protection  

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Science 25(6):259-65.  

 

How to cite this article: Supriya Mhamane, Yogesh 

Shinde. In-vitro anti-solar activity of peel of Malus 

domestica. Indian J Pharm Drug Studies. 2023; 

2(4):174-178. 

Funding: None          Conflict of Interest: None Stated 

 

https://www.researchgate.net/journal/International-Journal-of-Cosmetic-Science-0142-5463
https://www.researchgate.net/journal/International-Journal-of-Cosmetic-Science-0142-5463

