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Vol 3 | Issue 1 | Jan – Mar 2024                                                                                     Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 8  

Review Article 

An overview of prior art disclosures about the synthesis of 

lamotrigine and a glimpse of its closely related compounds  

Sanjay Sukumar Saralaya 1, Shashikumar Somashekar Hiriyalu2 

From, 1Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Institute of Technology, [Affiliated to 

Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Belagavi], Ujire, Belthangady Taluk, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, 2Independent 

Researcher, 436, B-Block, Sreenagar, JP Nagar Post, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. 

ABSTRACT 

In this review contribution, we have gathered the specific details in brief from the prior art disclosures regarding the synthesis of 1 and 

its closely related compounds. The prior art disclosures were in the form of patent publications and academic journal articles. During 

the review process it was noticed that, most of the disclosures on the synthesis of 1 were in the form of patent publications. With an 

emphasis to enhance the physico-chemical properties of 1, a few crystal/co-crystal/ionic salts of 1 are reported mainly in the academic 

journal articles. The glimpses of some closely related compounds to 1 are also included in this review contribution. This initiative can 

provide a platform for the global researchers to get an insight into the disclosures towards the synthesis of 1 and a glimpse on its 

closely related scaffolds. Additionally, the researchers can design new routes to commercialize 1 in future with higher atom economy 

by adhering to the green chemistry principles. 

Key words: Lamotrigine, Cyanation, Condensation, Cyclization, Recrystallization. 

amotrigine 1 is a popular antiepileptic drug, belongs to 

the class of phenyl-triazines and to the sub-class of 

dichloro-benzenes or halo-benzenes. It has the CAS 

number; 84057-84-1, Trade name; Lamictal, Molecular 

weight; 256.09 g/mol, Molecular formula; C9H7Cl2N5, and 

IUPAC name; 6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine-3,5-

diamine. It is used in the treatment of both epilepsy and as a 

mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder [1]. It is even prescribed 

for the process of conversion to drug monotherapy for those 

patients with at least 16 years of age or older with partial 

seizures and currently they are treated with carbamazepine, 

phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, or valproate as the single 

anti-epileptic drug. Additionally, it is also used for the 

maintenance treatment of bipolar-I disorder in adults with at 

least 18 years or older, delaying the time to mood episodes 

(which may include mania, hypomania, depression, mixed 

episodes) [2].  

The mode of drug actions would resemble to those of 

phenytoin and carbamazepine, inhibiting voltage-sensitive 

sodium channels, stabilizing neuronal membranes, thereby  

Access this article online 

Received – 22nd Feb 2024 

Initial Review – 27th  Feb 2024 

Accepted –  04th Mar 2024 Quick Response Code 

modulating the release of presynaptic excitatory 

neurotransmitters [3]. It exhibits the characteristic binding 

capability to several different receptors during the mode of its 

pharmacological actions [4]. It is rapidly and completely 

absorbed with least first-pass metabolism effects and records a 

reasonably high bioavailability of around 98% [5, 6]. 

Pharmacologically 1 undergoes routine metabolism and 

results in the generation of inactive metabolite 2-N-

glucuronide conjugate. Moreover, about 94% of drug and its 

metabolites are eliminated through urine and around 2% 

would eliminate through feces [7, 8].  

OBJECTIVES 

This review was focused primarily towards the exfoliation of 

details on the synthesis of 1 in academic journals. 

Additionally, salts, impurities and closely related scaffolds of 

1 were also included. Interestingly, most of the synthetic 

routes disclosed are in the form of patent publications. In this 

contribution as an overview, synthesis of 1 and the glimpses 

of some of its closely related compounds were considered to 

frame the article by referring the prior publications. 

__________________________________________________ 

Correspondence to: Sanjay Sukumar Saralaya, Assistant 

Professor, Department of Chemistry, SDM IT, Opposite to 

Siddhavana Gurukula, Dharmasthala Main Road, Ujire, 

Belthangady Taluk, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India - 

574 240. Email: sanjayss@sdmit.in.  

L 

mailto:sanjayss@sdmit.in


Saralaya & Hiriyalu              Synthesis of Lamotrigine and a glimpse of its closely related compounds: An overview 

Vol 3 | Issue 1 | Jan – Mar 2024                                                                                     Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 9  

1. Synthesis of 1 (as per the disclosures in patent 

publications) 

Numerous patents were published in various patent trade mark 

offices around the globe regarding the synthesis of 1 through 

different synthetic pathways. Among those, majority of the 

synthetic pathways were reported with the use of starting 

material 2,3- dichlorobenzoic acid 2 to prepare 1 through the 

isolation of an intermediate 2,3-dichlorobenzoyl cyanide 3. In 

some other illustrations, 3 was directly used as the starting 

material to obtain 1. In some other examples, the penultimate 

intermediate of the process (2E,Z)-2-[cyano(2,3-

dichlorophenyl)methylidene]hydrazinecarboximidamide 4 

itself was cyclized under various feasible conditions to isolate 

1 in high yields and good purity. In a few instances, 1,2-

dichloro-3-methylbenzene 5 was used as the starting material 

to synthesize 1 via multi-step process. In one of the synthetic 

pathway, 1,2-dichloro-3-nitrobenzene 6 was employed as the 

starting material to isolate 1. In addition to these synthetic 

procedures, a few innovative multi-step strategies were also 

employed to prepare 1. To support the synthesis of 3, a non-

catalytic approach was disclosed involving halogen 

displacement reactions to impart an intended cyanation. The 

above tabulated patent disclosures (Figure 1) are very well 

elaborated with reaction schemes regarding the synthetic 

flourish of 1 by us in a review article [9].  

Furthermore, a few catalytic approaches were also 

disclosed for the synthesis of 3 in good yields. Some of the 

close resemblance 1,2,4 triazines were reported much earlier 

for their synthesis and characterization [10]. A scalable 

process for the manufacture of 1 and other 1,2,4-triazines and 

their pharmaceutical applications were demonstrated by 

Baxter MG, et al [11]. A few fluoro-substituted-triazines were 

reported by Rees RW & Russel PB, as effective anti-malarial 

chemotherapeutic agents [12].  
Cl

Cl

N
N

NNH2 NH2

1

Cl

Cl C
OH

O

2

Cl

Cl

O

N
3

Cl

Cl

N
NH

N

NH

NH2

4

Cl

Cl CH3

5

Cl

Cl N
O

O

6

 
Figure 1: Product, major starting materials and 

intermediates featured in past patent disclosures  

2. Synthesis of 1 and a glimpse of its closely related 

compounds (as per the disclosures in academic journal 

publications) 

Hitchings GH, et al., had reported the use of 3,5-diamino-as-

triazines as inhibitors of lactic acid bacteria and Plasmodia. 

Under the context, 3,4-dichlorophenyl-triazines have shown 

significantly superior inhibition activity against P. berghei 

[13]. Settepani JA, et al., had reported the condensation of 

acylnitriles with aminoguanidine in the presence of 2N nitric 

acid to isolate acylnitrile amidinohydrazones and its 

subsequent base (potassium hydroxide)  mediated cyclization 

gave some 3,5-diamino-l,2,4-triazines [14]. This work was 

inspired by the past initiatives from numerous researchers 

towards the isolation of triazines in varied yields [15-21]. 

Roth B, et al., had attempted in vain to synthesize 3,5-

diamino-6-benzyl-as-triazines and the reaction failure was 

attributed to enolization [22].  

Rees RWA, et al., had reported the synthesis and anti-

malarial activity of some chlorinated, flourinated, 

methoxylated, and trifluoromethylated-6-aryl-as-triazines 7R. 

As per the disclosure, the condensation of arylglyoxylonitriles 

with aminoguanidine was done under aqueous acidic medium 

and the intermediate amidinohydrazone salts were isolated. 

These salts were subjected to cyclization under simple 

reaction condition to isolate various triazines [23]. March LC, 

et al., had demonstrated the synthesis of many substituted 

1,2,4-triazines as potential antimalarials [24]. A series of 

pharmacological studies of 1 was conducted by various 

researchers to confirm its anti-convulsant properties [25-29]. 

Janes RW, et al., had reported the crystal structure of 

methanol solvate of 1 [30]. Kerr DIB, et al., had reported the 

synthesis and pharmacological impact of 3-methyl-6-[2-

(trifluoromethyl)phenyl][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine 8 

[31]. Moreau S, et al., had demonstrated the synthesis and 

anti-convulsant activity of benzyl imidazo and 

benzyltriazolopyridazines having structural resemblance to 1 

[32]. Messenheimer JA, had reported a detailed study chapter 

on 1 with regard to its pharmacological properties, mechanism 

of action, pharmacokinetic behavior etc [33].  

With the solidity of clinical efficacy of 1 as an anti-

convulsant drug, a few researchers including Dickins M, et al., 

had reported the synthesis of 1 in bulk for its 

commercialization [34]. Janes AW, et al., had reported the 

crystal growth and study of 6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine-

3,5-diamine methanol solvate 9, 6-(2-methylphenyl)-1,2,4-

triazine-3,5-diamine monohydrate 10 and 6-(2-bromophenyl)-

1,2,4-triazine-3,5-diamine dimethanol solvate 11 [35-37]. 

Sawyer DA, et al., had reported the synthesis and 

pharmacological activity of 1I (isethionate salt of 1), an 

important contribution in the form of patent application for the 

enhancement of solubility of 1 [38]. Potter B, et al., had 

reported the crystal and molecular structure of 1I with an 

emphasis on the protonation site of N in the triazine ring to 

form an ionic salt of the drug [39].  

Willmore LJ, had reported an article comprising the 

studies on clinical advancements and pharmacokinetics of 1 

with a comprehensive prior art coverage [40]. Kubicki M, et 

al., had disclosed the hydrogen bonding patterns in 1 (hydrate) 



Saralaya & Hiriyalu              Synthesis of Lamotrigine and a glimpse of its closely related compounds: An overview 

Vol 3 | Issue 1 | Jan – Mar 2024                                                                                     Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 10  

and 1 (mesylate, hydrate) and confirmed the role of co-

crystallizing solvent on the resultant hydrogen bonds [41]. 

Many derivatives of 1 are reported by varying the substituent 

atoms in the benzene ring but the triazine part was untouched. 

In this regard, Hlavác J, et al., had demonstrated the synthesis 

of oxo-analogues 12 and 13 of 1 and other related indole-

derivatives [42]. Shridhar B, et al., had demonstrated the 

crystal structure details of benzoate-dimethylformamide 

solvate, dimethylformamide-sesquisolvate and hydrogen-

phthalate-dimethylformamide solvate of 1 in distinct 

experiments [43-45]. Ulomskii EN, et al., had demonstrated 

the cleavage (using triphenylphosphine or Cu powder in acetic 

acid) of pre-prepared fused 6-aryl/6-hetaryl-7-

aminotetrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]triazines 14R in a simple 

accessible method to isolate a numerous 6-substituted 3,5-

diamino-1,2,4-triazines. From this re-constructive disclosure, 

the obtained yields of isolated triazines are high and it was 

76.0% for 1 [46].  

 

R N
N

NNH2 NH2

7R FF

F

N
N

N

N

8

N
N

NNH2 NH2

F

. CH3OH

9 N
N

NNH2 NH2

. H2O

10
N

N

NNH2 NH2

Br

. 2 (CH3OH)

11

N
NH

+

NNH2 NH2

Cl

Cl

1I
SO

-

O

O

OH

N
NH

N
H

O O

Cl

Cl

R

12

R=H, Cl, Br, I, OH

13

Cl

Cl
N

N
H

NH

OO

N
N

N
H

O O

N

N

N

N

N
N

N

NH2R

14R

R=2,3 Cl2C6H3 f or 1
 

Figure 2: Major related compounds of 1 featuring in [23-46] 

Reddy VV, et al., had reported the studies related to the 

synthesis, isolation and characterization of isomeric impurities 

of 3 (Impurity A-E) and 1 (Impurity F-J) [47]. Palmer RA, et 

al., had disclosed a report on low temperature X-ray 

crystallographic structures of two derivatives of 1, 2-methyl,3-

amino,5-imino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine as water 

solvate 15 and 2-methyl,3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,4-triazine as isethionate, hemi-hydrate 16 [48]. Palmer 

RA, et al., had reported the X-ray crystal structures of two 

derivatives of 1, 3,5-diamino-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-

triazine as hydrate 17 and 3,5-diamino-6-(3,6-

dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine as methanol solvate 18 [49]. 

15
N

N

N

Cl Cl

NH

NH2

.H2O

16
N

N

N

Cl Cl

NH2

NH2

Isethionate-hemihydrate

17
N

N

N

Cl

NH2

NH2

.H2O

18
N

N

N

NH2

NH2

Cl

Cl .CH3OH  
Figure 3: Related compounds of 1 featuring in [47-49] 

Qian Y. et al., had demonstrated the synthesis, 

characterization and anti-microbial activity of 1 and its 

thirteen novel ammonium salt complexes. The work discloses 

an improved process for the synthesis of 1 as per Scheme 1. 

2,3-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride 19 was cyanated through 

dehalogenation using CuCN in mono-chlorobenzene to isolate 

3. The condensation of 3 with hydrazinecarboximidamide 

hydrochloride 20 was achieved in the presence of 

methanesulfonic acid (MeSO3H) in DMF to obtain N''-[(E,Z)-

cyano(2,3-dichlorophenyl)methylidene]carbonohydrazonic 

diamide 4a. An alkali driven cyclization had resulted in the 

formation of 1. The ammonium salts 21R were prepared by 

treating the solution of 1 in methanol with various acids in 

distinct experiments. The different acids used for the salt 

preparation are adipic acid, propanedionic acid, chloroacetic 

acid, bromoacetic acid, cis-butenedionic acid, formic acid, 

fumaric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, 

hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid and phosphoric acid (Total: 

thirteen acids). As per the pharmacological studies, most of 

the novel salt complexes of 1 had exhibited good antibacterial 

activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains. Meanwhile, 

they were mild and even inactive against Gram-negative 

bacterial strains [50]. 

Sridhar B, et al., had reported the crystal studies and 

hydrogen bonding data of 1, its chloride and nitrate salts [51]. 

Cheney ML, et al., had reported the studies related to the 

dissolution rate, solubility and pharmacokinetic behavior of 

ten novel forms of 1. Those compounds are, 1 methylparaben 

co-crystal form-I, 1 methylparaben co-crystal form-II, 1 

nicotinamide co-crystal , 1 nicotinamide co-crystal 

monohydrate, 1 saccharin salt, 1 adipate salt, 1 malate salt, 1 

nicotinate dimethanol solvate, 1 dimethanol solvate and 1 

ethanol monohydrate [52]. Razzaq SN, et al., had reported the 



Saralaya & Hiriyalu              Synthesis of Lamotrigine and a glimpse of its closely related compounds: An overview 

Vol 3 | Issue 1 | Jan – Mar 2024                                                                                     Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 11  

crystal structure and hydrogen bonding possibilities of novel 

3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-2-ium-

dihydrogen-phosphate–4-(dimethylamino)-benzaldehyde 22 

[53]. Sridhar B, et al., had reported the crystal forms of 1 with 

fluorobenzoic acid, nicotinic acid, 2-thiobarbituric acid, 3-

picoline. Additionally, the work reports the crystal nature of 

butyl alcohol solvate of 1 [54]. Chadha R, et al., had reported 

the crystal structure, characterization and pharmaceutical 

properties of different multi-component crystalline forms of 1 

with renowned coformers like nicotinamide, acetamide, acetic 

acid, 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid and saccharin [55]. Rao SN, et 

al., had demonstrated the synthesis, isolation, characterization 

and formation basis of five impurities of 1. These reported 

impurities are 2-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2-(guanidinylimino) 

acetonitrile 4, N-guanidinyl-2,3-dichlorobenzamide 23, 3-

amino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)- 4H-1,2,4-triazin-5-one 24, N-

[5-amino-6-(2,3-dichloro-phenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl]-2,3-

dichloro benzamide 25 and 3,5-bis-(2,3-dichloro-benzamido)-

6-(2,3-dichloro-phenyl)-1,2,4-triazine 26. Among these 

impurities, 23 and 26 are the novel disclosures [56].  

Cl

Cl

N
N

NNH2 NH2

1

Cl

Cl
Cl

O CuCN, KI

Mono-chlorobenzene

70%

Cl

Cl

O

N

DMF, MeSO3H

39.1%

NH2

NH

NH

NH2

.HCl

Cl

Cl

N

N

NH2

NH2

N

19 3

20

4a

i-PrOH, KOH, H2O80%

Cl

Cl

N
N

NNH2 NH3

+

21R
RH, MeOH

R
-

 
Scheme 1 (Compound number –position to be changed, since numbers are getting cut in the view screen)  

ClCl

N

O

H

N

H

NH

NH2

ClCl

N N

H

NH

NH2

N

4 23

Cl

Cl

N
N

N
H

NH2O

24

Cl

Cl

N
N

N

N

NH2

H

O Cl

Cl

25

Cl

Cl

N
N

N NN

H

O Cl

ClH

O

Cl

Cl

26

Cl Cl

N N
H

N

NH2

NH2

+

O

P
-

OHO

OH

O

H

N

H

H

H

H

H
H

22

 
Figure 4: List of related compounds and the impurities of 1 featuring in [53-56] 

Lekšić E, et al., had reported the synthesis, 

characterization and crystal nature studies of four novel co-

crystals of 1 with phthalimide, pyromellitic-diimide: DMF, 

caffeine: 3-pentanone and isophthaldehyde [57]. With an 

intention to find an industrially feasible route of synthesis to 

manufacture 1 in high atom economy, Venkanna G, et al., had 

disclosed a high yield and an improved process than the past 

referred routes Scheme 2. The reported work emphasizes the 

importance of avoiding the alkali use along with alcohol for 

the intended cyclization of 4a. This adopted modification in 

the process will prevent the formation of 3-amino-6-(2,3-

dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one 27, thus enhancing 

the process yield. Additionally, work reports the synthesis, 

characterization and in-process control measures about the 

novel 6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-N5-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5-

diamine (N-methyl impurity) 28 [58]. 



Saralaya & Hiriyalu              Synthesis of Lamotrigine and a glimpse of its closely related compounds: An overview 

Vol 3 | Issue 1 | Jan – Mar 2024                                                                                     Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 12  

Cl

Cl

N
N

NH

NH2

O
27

4a 1

Cl

Cl N
N

N

NH

NH2

28

a) Methanol, activ ated C, ref lux

b) Methanol, activ ated C, ref lux

c) Methanol, 0.1N NaOH (3 drops), activ ated C, ref lux

d) Methanol, H2SO4 (3 drops), activ ated C, ref lux

a) 94%

b) 84%

c) 86%

d) 80%

 

Scheme 2: Synthesis of 1 and 28 as per Venkanna G, et al. 

Chadha R, et al., had reported the crystal structure studies 

and the physicochemical properties of four multicomponent 

forms of 1 with a few carboxylic acids like acetic acid, 

propionic acid, sorbic acid and glutaric acid [59]. Young RB, 

et al., had disclosed a work regarding the direct photo-

degradation of 1 under the impact of simulated sunlight. The 

rate of degradation and the by-products formed are influenced 

by the medium pH [60]. Leitch DC, et al., had demonstrated 

some different catalytic systems to prepare 3 from its chloride 

precursor. As per the conclusion of process optimization, the 

best cyanation (77% yield) was occurred upon the use of 

CuCN, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in toluene 

[61]. Du S, et al., had reported the synthesis and 

characterization of two novel co-crystals of 1 with 4,4′-

bipyridine and 2,2′-bipyridine [62]. Kaur R, et al., had 

presented the drug-drug co-crystal of two renowned 

anticonvulsants, 1 and phenobarbital. The work disclosed the 

crystal nature characterization, intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) 

and solubility of the novel cocrystal [63].  Makki M, et al., 

had demonstrated the synthesis, characterization and anti-

inflammatory properties of some fluorine substituted 

analogues of 1 [64]. Kitson PJ, et al., had illustrated the 

synthesis of 1 in a single cartridge (self-contained plastic 

reactionware device) through a platform-independent digital 

code. As per the example, 250 mg of 3 was converted 1 in a 

two-step process to get 112 mg of product (overall yield: 

46%). This approach would pave the way for the local 

manufacture of drugs even in the absence of specialist 

facilities [65].  

Matias M, had reported the synthesis and characterization 

of many related compounds of 1 in his thesis [66]. Kuang WJ, 

et al., had reported the synthesis, characterization and crystal 

nature details of two novel co-crystals of 1. They are 

phthalimide co-crystal of 1 and succinimide co-crystal 

monohydrate of 1. The co-crystals have enhanced solubility 

and dissolution rate than the pure crystalline form of 1 [67]. 

Kuang W, et al., had demonstrated the synthesis, 

characterization and construction of ternary phase diagrams of 

novel co-crystal of 1 with 1,2,3,6-4-hydro-phthalimide [68]. 

Heravi MM, et al., had contributed a review article covering 

the pharmacological properties, medical applications and the 

adopted synthetic pathways of prescribed drugs containing 

nitrogen heterocyclics [69]. Satapathy BS, et al., had 

illustrated the synthesis and characterization of crystalline 

form of 1 with citric acid. It was estimated to improve the 

release of 1 in gastric region and contribute to increased oral 

absorption [70]. Samineni R, et al., had illustrated the 

synthesis, crystal studies and physicochemical parameter 

estimations of co-crystals of 1 with saccharin sodium, 4-

hydroxy benzoic acid, and methyl paraben. These co-crystals 

had exhibited better flow properties and higher dissolution rate 

than 1 [71]. Li J, et al., had reported the synthesis, crystal 

morphology and thermal behavior studies of two polymorphs 

(form-I & II) and two solvates (ethanolate & methanolate) of 

1-tolfenamic acid salt [72]. A few review articles were also 

published with an aim to provide a broad spectrum view on 

the synthetic routes, characterization and biological 

significance of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives but not exclusively 

specific to 1 [73-75]. 

SUMMARY 

During the process to exfoliate the details of 1, we found that 

the disclosures on its synthesis were mainly dominated by 

numerous patent publications [9]. Meanwhile, academic 

journals had prioritized to synthesize salts and structurally 

close resemblance derivatives of 1. This strategy was 

employed by many researchers to enhance the physico-

chemical properties of 1 (Ex: solubility, stability etc) and the 

possible efforts to introduce the parallel drug having better 

clinical efficacy than 1. This review work could serve for the 

repurposing studies of 1 and also to venture new possibilities 

of synthesis. 

CONCLUSION 

We have retrieved the prior art details on the synthesis of 1 

and its related compounds from the various web search 

tools/databases like Google Scholar, Google Patents, Global 

Dossier, Free Patents Online, USPTO Assignment, USPTO 

(United States Patent and Trademark Office) and Espacenet 

(European Patent Office and Trademark Office). This 

initiative is an exfoliation of 1 with regard to its synthesis by 

various routes. Additionally, this initiative provides the 

glimpses of some its very closely related compounds. This 

work provides an insight to the status of 1 and some of its 

closely related moieties in the global publications platform. In 

this context, this contribution is a good resource for the global 

researchers to plan new routes for the preparation of 1 and 

other associated initiatives. 



Saralaya & Hiriyalu              Synthesis of Lamotrigine and a glimpse of its closely related compounds: An overview 

Vol 3 | Issue 1 | Jan – Mar 2024                                                                                     Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 13  

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9e0432f29917b.pdf.  

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How to cite this article: Saralaya SS, Hiriyalu SS. An 

overview of prior art disclosures about the synthesis of 

lamotrigine and a glimpse of its closely related compounds. 

Indian J Pharm Drug Studies. 2024; 3(1):8-15. 

Funding: None;                Conflicts of Interest: None Stated 

 

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