Mhamane S & Shinde Y Anti-solar activity of Malus domestica Vol 2 | Issue 4 | Oct – Dec 2023 Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 174 Original Article In-vitro anti-solar activity of peel of Malus domestica Supriya Mhamane1, Yogesh Shinde2 From, 1Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola, Maharashtra, 2Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola, Maharashtra. ABSTRACT Hormone production is stimulated by sunlight and it can lead to the synthesis of vitamin D, it also stimulates the reconstruction of cells of the skin. Melanin is the pigment that acts as a natural sunscreen for the skin. Melanin is also stimulated by sunlight. Sunburn, rashes, miliaria, itching, and other skin-related diseases can occur due to the excess harmful sun rays. This study determines the anti-solar property of the UV absorption of the peel of Malus domestica. By using the soxhlet apparatus, the extract was obtained. For extraction of 25gm of the powdered drug, 100ml of solvent i.e. distilled water and methanol in the 2:5 ratio were used. The activity is determined by using UV-visible spectrophotometer in the range of 200–400 nm. The maximum absorbance was determined by conc. 6µg/ml at 205nm, good absorbance shows at conc. 4µg/ml at 207nm and moderate absorbance by conc. 2µg/ml at 207nm. Keywords: Malus domestica, UV Spectrophotometer, Anti-solar activity, UV-rays absorption, Wavelength. he surface area of the skin is 1.5 to 2 m2. It is protective in nature. Continuous exposure to sunlight can affect the skin and damage it. To protect the skin from this damage, it releases melanin [1]. Excessive exposure to sunlight can cause rashes, sunburn, miliaria, itching, and other skin-related diseases. To protect the body from this, the sunscreens are used. Based on the wavelength of UV light, it is UVA, UVB, and UVC [2]. Solar radiation affects the skin. UV-A and UV-B can cause sunburn, cutaneous degeneration, and cell skin cancer [3]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peel of Malus domestica was collected and shade dried. Then it is powered by using a mixer grinder and passed from sieve no. 20. Extraction method In the soxhlet apparatus, add 25gm of powdered drug and pour the solvent system in the ratio 2:5 of distilled water: methanol. Pour solvent up to which three cycles were complete. Then start the heating mantle at 550c and start the water supply to the condenser. The solvent pass from the powder and along with constituents present in the powder settles in the round bottom flask. Keep this process up upto the solvent comes colorless [4]. Qualitative tests 1) Shinoda test: In a dry extract, add 5 ml of 95% ethanol and a few drops of conc. hydrochloric acid and 0.5gm of magnesium turnings. Pink color shows the presence of flavonoids [5]. 2) Lead acetate test: In a small quantity of extract, add lead acetate solution, the yellow-colored precipitate is formed [5]. _______________________________________ Correspondence to: Supriya Mhamane, Pharmaceutics, Korwali, Tal. Mohol, Dist. Solapur, Maharashtra, India. Email: supriyamhamane99@gmail.com Tel.: +91 8080244609 Access this article online Received – 12th June 2023 Initial review – 17th June 2023 Accepted – 28th June 2023 Quick Response Code T mailto:supriyamhamane99@gmail.com Mhamane S & Shinde Y Anti-solar activity of Malus domestica Vol 2 | Issue 4 | Oct – Dec 2023 Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 175 Fig.1: Peel of Malus domestica Fig.2: Peel powder of Malus domestica Fig.3: Peel powder sieving Fig.4: Shinoda test Fig.5: Lead acetate test In-vitro anti-solar activity of peel of Malus domestica Procedure 10mg powdered drug was added in 100 ml of solvent i.e. distilled water: methanol in a 2:5 ratio to prepare a stock solution of 100µg/ml concentration. From this stock solution, 5 different concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 µg/ml were prepared by pipetting 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 ml of stock solution and dilute it up to 10 ml. Then observe the maximum absorbance and the wavelength at which maximum absorbance was observed photo- metrically by using a UV-visible spectrophotometer [6]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The peel of Malus domestica contains plant constituents such as flavonoids. This constituent shows anti-solar activity. UV radiation from the sunlight can cause the diseases like skin rashes, sunburn, miliaria, itching, and other skin-related diseases. To protect the skin from these diseases, anti-solar agents are used. Anti-solar agents absorb the UV radiation which has 200 to 400 nm wavelength [1] (Table 1-3). In-vitro Anti-solar Activity Table 1: In-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 2µg/ml S. No. Wavelength nm. Abs. 1 349.80 0.002 2 344.40 0.002 3 338.60 0.005 4 318.40 0.007 5 305.40 0.007 6 375.80 0.017 7 368.80 0.019 8 362.00 0.018 9 209.80 0.250 10 207.00 0.266 11 348.00 0.000 12 341.80 0.001 13 320.40 0.005 14 310.00 0.006 15 304.60 0.005 16 301.00 0.004 17 274.20 0.016 18 265.60 0.017 19 252.40 0.014 20 203.60 0.234 Table 2: In-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 4µg/ml S. No. Wavelength nm. Abs. 1 395.00 0.002 2 344.00 0.009 3 332.00 0.014 Mhamane S & Shinde Y Anti-solar activity of Malus domestica Vol 2 | Issue 4 | Oct – Dec 2023 Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 176 4 322.00 0.015 5 310.00 0.018 6 303.60 0.018 7 279.80 0.040 8 260.00 0.042 9 207.00 0.315 10 345.00 0.000 11 342.00 0.006 12 320.40 0.013 13 312.00 0.016 14 306.00 0.016 15 257.00 0.005 16 0.006 0.006 Table 3: In-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 6µg/ml S. No. Wavelength nm Abs. 1 378.40 0.016 2 371.00 0.018 3 354.40 0.022 4 349.00 0.025 5 346.80 0.024 6 342.20 0.024 7 334.40 0.026 8 332.00 0.028 9 327.40 0.027 10 324.40 0.028 11 320.80 0.032 12 319.00 0.031 13 314.00 0.030 14 308.00 0.036 15 302.20 0.045 16 386.20 0.056 17 380.40 0.065 18 278.40 0.063 19 373.20 0.065 20 368.20 0.065 21 363.60 0.063 22 207.80 0.561 23 205.00 0.568 24 375.60 0.015s Anti-solar activity is first performed to study the absorption of UV radiation of the peels of Malus domestica. Estimation of the anti-solar activity by the methanolic extract was completed by this study. This study gives the range of wavelengths in which absorption of UV radiation was observed. The maximum absorption of UV radiation was found at a concentration of 2µg/ml, at 207nm i.e. 0.266. The maximum absorption of UV radiation was found at a concentration of 4µg/ml, at 207nm i.e. 0.315. The maximum absorption of UV radiation was found at a concentration of 6µg/ml, at 205nm i.e. 0.568. From 2µg/ml, the maximum absorption of UV radiation increases as concentration increases, which is as shown in (Graph 1-4). The extract of 6µg/ml shows maximum absorption of UV radiation i.e. 0.568 as compared to the other concentrations [3] [7]. Graph 1: In-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 2µg/ml Mhamane S & Shinde Y Anti-solar activity of Malus domestica Vol 2 | Issue 4 | Oct – Dec 2023 Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 177 Graph 2: In-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 4µg/ml Graph 3: In-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 6µg/ml Graph 4: Comparison of in-vitro anti-solar activity of methanolic extract of Malus domestica of concentration: 2µg/ml, 4µg/ml, 6µg/ml, 8µg/ml, 10µg/m Mhamane S & Shinde Y Anti-solar activity of Malus domestica Vol 2 | Issue 4 | Oct – Dec 2023 Indian J Pharm Drug Studies | 178 CONCLUSION The conclusion of this study shows that the methanolic extract of the peel of Malus domestica shows anti-solar activity by determining its maximum absorption of UV radiation in a UV region i.e. 200nm to 400nm of wavelength. The extract of 6µg/ml shows maximum absorption of UV radiation i.e. 0.568 as compared to other concentrations. The maximum absorption of UV radiation was found at a concentration of 6µg/ml, at 205nm i.e. 0.568. From 2µg/ml, the maximum absorption of UV radiation increases as concentration increases. REFERENCES 1. Pawar D. B. et al, “Study on anti-solar activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of ipomoea batatas linn”, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2014; 3(5):382-386. 2. Rutuja Sabne et al, “In-vitro anti-oxidant and UV protective activity of yellow flowers of tecoma stans L. juss”, International Journal of Chemistry, Pharmacy & Technology 2018 3(2):38-40. 3. Natashya Advaita et al, “In vitro evaluation of sun protection factor of Vasconcellea pubescens fruit extract”, International Conference On Pharmaceutical Research And Practice, 2018;122-125. 4. Karnail Singh and Kavita Gahlot, ‘Pharmacognostic evaluation of stem and leaf of Cicer arietinum Linn’, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2018; 7(6): 165-174. 5. Khandelwal K.R., ‘Practical Pharmacognosy’, Nirali Prakashan, 2007, 9-161. 6. M. Amin Mir et.al. “The antidiabetic and spectral analysis of various extracts of Lilium polyphsyllum”, Research square publication 2020;1-20 7. Seyed Alireza Mortazavi et al, “An in-vitro evaluation of various Rosa damascena flower extracts as a natural anti- solar agent”, January 2004, International Journal of Cosmetic Science 25(6):259-65. How to cite this article: Supriya Mhamane, Yogesh Shinde. In-vitro anti-solar activity of peel of Malus domestica. Indian J Pharm Drug Studies. 2023; 2(4):174-178. Funding: None Conflict of Interest: None Stated https://www.researchgate.net/journal/International-Journal-of-Cosmetic-Science-0142-5463 https://www.researchgate.net/journal/International-Journal-of-Cosmetic-Science-0142-5463