Microsoft Word - Final for LuLu Vol. 14 Issue 1 Final INCORPORATING LAWYERS ON THE TEAM TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND HEALTH EQUITY Health Care Disparities Begin to Get the Attention of the Federal Government Lawyers Not Seen on the Health Team A. Progress on the IOM’s Recommendations to Address Health Disparities B. Shift in Mindset: The Socioeconomic Determinants of Health. Lack of Progress in Eliminating Health Disparities Institutional and Structural Barriers to Reducing Health Disparities Health (and Health Equity) in All Policies Promising Directions for Legal Interventions to Promote Health and Health Equity Professional and Graduate Education for the Future Progress within the Health Professions Next Steps: Incorporating the Legal Profession Disclosure: The Future of Health Law Education http://doi.org/10.18060/3911.0029 The Lawyerization of Medicine Health Professionals for a New Century: Transforming Education to Strengthen Health Systems in an Interdependent World see also Primary Care and Public Health: Exploring Integration to Improve Population Health Primary Care https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-26-5-1179 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61854-5 A. Health Care Disparities Begin to get the Attention of the Federal Government Thirty Years Later, the “Heckler Report” Continues to Influence Efforts to Improve Minority Health supra Id. Id. Id. Id. Id. Figure 1. Life Expectancy at Birth, According to Race and Sex: United States, 1950 – 1983.11 Id. Id. Id. Id Id Id. Id. Id. Id See infra Id. Id. Id. Id. Id. the Id. , supra Id. Id. Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act: Civil Rights, Health Reform, Race, and Equity B. Lawyers Not Seen on the Health Care or Public Health Teams See supra Allies Not Adversaries: Teaching Collaboration to the Next Generation of Doctors and Lawyers to Address Social Inequality ee Public Health Law Program: About Us see see See infra HeLP Receives Outstanding MLP Award, see The Health Law Partnership: A Medical-Legal Partnership Strategically Designed to Provide a Coordinated Approach to Public Health Legal Services, Education, Advocacy, Evaluation, Research, and Scholarship https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2014.884892 see also Health Law Partnership (HeLP) , Ebony Progress on the IOM’s Recommendations to Address Health Care Disparities See generally About David Satcher The 10 Biggest Killers of Blacks Postscript See Spotlight: Examining the Impact of Law and Policy on Health Outcomes See supra The Affordable Care Act and Beyond: Opportunities for Advancing Health Equity and Social Justice Evidence, Social Psychology, and Health Care: Health Injustice and Justice in Health: The Role of Law and Public Policy in Generating, Perpetuating, and Responding to Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Before and After the Affordable Care Act Less Talk, More Action: Accelerating Innovative Strategies to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Disparities supra About the Office of Minority Health see Office of Minority Health Resource Center Offices of Minority Health at HHS: HHS Office of Minority Health and Establishment of Federal Offices of Minority Health About NIMHD HHS Agency Offices of Minority Health Center for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety (CQuIPS) see also National Healthcare Quality & Disparities Reports see Offices of Minority Health at HHS Healthy People 2020 see Priority Populations About CDC’s Office of Minority Health & Health Equity (“OMHHE”) see Offices of Minority Health at HHS supra About CMS Office of Minority Health Minority Health Office of Health Equity Behavioral Health Equity, State Offices of Minority Health and Related State Information Healthy People 2020 Framework: The Vision, Mission, and Goals of Healthy People 2020 National Stakeholder Strategy for Achieving Health Equity NPA Stakeholder Strategy HHS Disparities Action Plan to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: A Nation Free of Disparities in Health and Health Care HHS Disparities Action Plan see also HHS Action Plan to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: Implementation Progress Report 2011-2014 HHS Disparities Action Plan Progress Report NPA National Stakeholder Strategy supra HHS Disparities Action Plan supra Healthy People 2020 Grants and Grant Programs How We Work: Building a Culture of Health see also What Shapes Health? Closing Socioeconomic Gaps in Health See, e.g. Health Equity see also Disparities Policy see also Research Network on SES & Health see also Racial Equity Unnatural Causes: Is Inequality Making Us Sick Innovations in Health Equity and Health Philanthropy Equity of Care: Toolkit for Eliminating Health Care Disparities Unnatural Causes: Is Inequality Making Us Sick? supra supra supra HHS Disparities Action Plan supra NPA Stakeholder Strategy supra Health Disparities: State Laws See generally Shift in Mindset: The Socioeconomic Determinants of Health Health Disparities: State Laws supra see also Review of State Legislative Approaches to Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2002–2011 Beyond Health Care—Socioeconomic Status and Health The Association Between Income and Life Expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014 https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302590 https://doi.org/10.1056/nejme0802773 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.4226 Our Approach In Pursuit of Health Equity: Comparing U.S. and EU Approaches to Eliminating Disparities The Relative Contribution of Multiple Determinants to Health Outcomes The Case for More Active Policy Attention to Health Promotion Actual Causes of Death in the United States The Good Life: Working Together to Promote Opportunity and Improve Population health and Well-being Differences In Life Expectancy Due To Race And Educational Differences Are Widening, And Many May Not Catch Up ee also The Social Determinants of Health: It’s Time to Consider the Causes of the Causes https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.78 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03510180077038 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.4263 https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0746 https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549141291s206 supra See, e.g. all Figure 2. Race and Ethnicity-Adjusted Life Expectancy for 40-Year-Olds by Household Income Percentile, 2001–2014.82 supra Id. supra . On Death and Money: History, Facts, and Explanations https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.4072 Id. see also Measuring Recent Apparent Declines in Longevity: The Role of Increasing Educational Attainment supra Contribution of Major Diseases to Disparities in Mortality Understanding the Relationship Between Education and Health: A Review of the Evidence and an Examination of Community Perspectives in Educational Attainment and Adult Health: Under What Conditions Is the Association Causal https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0481 https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmsa012979 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.029 Figure 3. Socioeconomic Gradients in Poor/Fair Health among Adults Aged 25 to 74 Years within Racial/Ethnic Groups in the U.S., 2008-2010.88 supra see also Trends and Group Differences in the Association between Educational Attainment and U.S. Adult Mortality: Implications for Understanding Education’s Causal Influence supra Social Determinants of Health and Crime in Post-Katrina Orleans Parish in Maps to #CloseHealthGaps; Life Expectancy Map: Atlanta https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.11.024 Where Health Disparities Begin: The Role of Social and Economic Determinants–And Why Current Policies May Make Matters Worse see also supra 2016 County Health Rankings: Key Findings Report supra Addressing Health Disparities Is a Place- Based Issue https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0685 https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2016.303077 Healthy People 2020 Lack of Progress on Eliminating Health Disparities supra see also Effects of Proximity to Supermarkets on a Randomized Trial Studying Interventions for Obesity Disparities and Access to Healthy Food in the United States: A Review of Food Deserts Literature supra see also Air Pollution and Early Deaths in the United States, Part I: Quantifying the Impact of Major Sectors in 2005 Zoning, Equity, and Public Health Social Determinants of Health See supra https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302986 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.04.013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.081 https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.91.7.1033 Remarks to the Committee on Community Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States HHS Disparities Action Plan supra see also Progress Toward the Healthy People 2010 Goals and Objectives HHS Disparities Action Plan supra HHS Disparities Action Plan Progress Report supra Healthy People 2010: final review supra Id. ee also supra https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103613 Id. supra ee also id. Id. Minor Health Month: Making Progress on Health Disparities supra supra Id. Institutional and Structural Barriers to Reducing Health Disparities [I]nstitutionalized racism supra See generally Sick and Tired of Being Sick and Tired: Putting an End to Separate and Unequal Health Care in the United States 50 Years After the Civil Rights Act of 1964 supra Id. See also Health Inequalities by Class and Race in the US: What Can We Learn from the Patterns?, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.009 Levels of Racism: A Theoretic Framework and a Gardener’s Tale Toward a Structural Theory of Implicit Racial and Ethnic Bias in Health Care Understanding Racial-ethnic Disparities in Health: Sociological Contributions see also Separate and Unequal: Racial Segregation and Disparities Across U.S. Nursing Homes The Toxic Trap: How a Disastrous Chain of Events Corroded Flint’s Water System Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children Associated with the Flint Drinking Water Crisis: A Spatial Analysis of Risk and Public Health Response https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.90.8.1212 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510383838 https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.26.5.1448 https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.303003 Health (and Health Equity) in All Policies supra Class–The Ignored Determinant of the Nation’s Health ee also Educational Status and Active Life Expectancy Among Older Blacks and Whites See supra Health Disparities By Race and Class: Why Both Matter ee also supra https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmsb040329 https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199307083290208 https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.24.2.343 supra ee also Health in All Policies: A Guide for State and Local Governments supra supra ee also Health Impact Project supra Id. ee also ee also supra see also supra See generally Obesity and Public Policy: A Roadmap for Reform ee also supra Combating Obesity through the Built Environment: Is There a Clear Path to Success? https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2011.00608.x supra supra supra Health Impact Assessment Policy Approaches to Advancing Health Equity supra ee also supra supra Id. https://doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000365 A. Promising Directions for Legal Interventions to Promote Health and Health Equity ee also supra ee Social Conditions, Health Equity, and Human Rights See supra supra see supra Id. Investing In Place ee generally supra Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health REACH 2014 Our Commitment to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities The Individual Mandate: Implications for Public Health Law See Legal Innovations to Advance a Culture of Health https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2011.00610.x http://doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12328 supra Id. ee generally Paying People to Act in Their Own Interests: Incentives versus Rationalization in Public Health e.g., see also Paying People to Act in Their Own Interests: Incentives versus Rationalization in Public Health ee also “I Did It for the Money”: Incentives, Rationalizations and Health See generally Medical-Legal Partnerships: Collaborating to Transform Healthcare for Vulnerable Patients https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phu035 https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phu034 supra Did You Know?, Why Compton?, Id. Holding Schools Responsible for Addressing Childhood Trauma, , Taking a Broader View of Health: With Less Need for Charity Care, Hospitals Focus on Community Health Improvement ee also Can Hospitals Help Create Healthy Neighborhoods Hospital Community Benefit: How Partnerships Can Support Healthy Communities Id see also id Id Id see generally id Id Id outcomes motives Id https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.16749 B. Professional and Graduate Education for the Future 1. Progress within the Health Professions Id See, e.g., see also supra ee also infra supra see See generally National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Healthcare: Final Report see generally National Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services Standards Think Cultural Health: CLAS Legislation Map supra ee also supra A Framework for Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health, 15 http://www.nationalacademies.org Id Id Id. See supra supra 2. Next Steps: Incorporating the Legal Profession The Future of Public Health Law Education Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics supra see Transforming the Future of Public Health Law Education through a Faculty Fellowship Program Innovation in Higher Education: Lessons Learned from Creating a Faculty Fellowship Program See Best Practices for Teaching Public Health Law: Two Online Resource Libraries http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644215 http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644239 http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644237 Tearing Down the Silos: An Interdisciplinary, Practice- Based Approach to Graduate School Education Combining Accreditation and Education: An Interdisciplinary Public Health Law Course Building a Public Health Law and Policy Curriculum to Promote Skills and Community Engagement Expanding Interdisciplinary Learning Opportunities on a Shoestring Through a Medical-Legal Partnership Teaching Prevention: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Improving Population Health through Law and Policy Seminar in Public Health Law and Policy in an Interprofessional Setting: Preparing Practitioners for Collaborative Practice at the Macro Level http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644232 http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644217 http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644224 http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644228 http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644230 http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644229 Teaching Population Health Outcomes Research, Advocacy, and the Population Health Perspective in Public Health Law, Public Health Law as a Way to Explore and Develop Professional Identity, Promoting Diversity in Public Health Law through Online Education, Educating the New Public Health Law Professional The Importance of Including the Deans Reflections on Mentoring http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644226 http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644227 http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644223 http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644225 http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644234 http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644233 Polishing the Apple: A Holistic Approach to Developing Public Health Law Educators as Leaders of Change supra supra http://doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644235 Id. Black Americans See Gains in Life Expectancy White Americans Are Dying Younger as Drug and Alcohol Abuse Rises see also Rising Morbidity and Mortality in Midlife Among White and Non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st Century http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518393112 The Future of Public Health Law Education