id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
iiclr-18279	Barrett Ristroph, Elizabeth	Loosening Lips to Avoid Sinking Ships: Designing a Ship Communications System for the Bering Strait Region	2014	84	.pdf	application/pdf	37087	1960	55	”240 Flag states that are parties to SOLAS must ensure adherence to IMO-adopted systems,241 and a state that is “concerned” may monitor traffic in these systems.242 The Ports and Waterways Safety Act allows the Coast Guard to establish and maintain measures for controlling or supervising vessel traffic as well as for protecting navigation and the marine environment.243 These measures, which may be implemented in US territorial waters or in areas covered by an international agreement, include ship reporting systems, ship routing systems, vessel traffic services, tracking systems, and speed limits.244 In implementing and carrying out these measures, the Coast Guard 234. ”251 VTSs are typically interlinked with other aspects of marine traffic management, such as traffic separation schemes and ship reporting systems.252 VTSs that provide navigational assistance or traffic organization services are typically associated with ports or harbors—their main concern is to oversee vessel traffic to and from the port or harbor.253 A VTS that only provides an information service is generally known as a coastal VTS254 and is fairly similar to a ship reporting system.255 Coastal VTSs and ship reporting systems both contribute to safety, navigation, and/or the protection of the marine environment.256 Both have the right to interact with vessel traffic, providing information when necessary.257 One difference is where they are allowed: SOLAS limits mandatory VTSs to the territorial seas of a coastal state,258 and VTSs cannot alter the legal regimes governing international straits.259 Mandatory ship reporting systems, on the other hand, can be approved by IMO for international waters and straits,260 such as the Bering Strait.	cache/iiclr-18279.pdf	txt/iiclr-18279.txt