id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
iiclr-22940	Daniel, Justin S.	Operational Diplomacy: Jurisdiction Certification and the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act	2019	54	.pdf	application/pdf	26178	1387	54	The Act also applies to persons onboard United States vessels, and to a person onboard “any other vessel if the individual is a citizen of the United States or a resident alien of the United States.” If a defendant could waive or forfeit the requirement regardless of the interests of a foreign nation whose prerogatives may be directly at stake, application of the MDLEA could engender considerable tensions in foreign relations.293 A sister provision in the MDLEA provides that defendants may not invoke alleged violations of international law as a defense.294 In Miranda, the D.C. Circuit considered that provision to bolster its conclusion that the Act’s vessel- jurisdiction requirement should be treated as one of subject-matter jurisdiction.295 Additionally, the MDLEA notably treats United States vessels differently.296 Rather than lumping United States vessels in with the other enumerated categories of “Vessel[s] subject to the jurisdiction of the United States” in § 70502(c), United States vessels are discussed in the separate § 70502(b).	cache/iiclr-22940.pdf	txt/iiclr-22940.txt