id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
iiclr-25071	Jordan, Samantha	Captain, My Captain: A Look at Autonomous Ships and How They Should Operate Under Admiralty Law	2021	35	.pdf	application/pdf	15031	803	56	”1 Industrial leaders such as Rolls-Royce, Kongsburg, Yara, Imarsat and Wilhelmsen have been developing technology to make autonomous ships a reality.2 In fact, Rolls-Royce expects that the company will begin making short voyages by 2020, and Ocean-going voyages by 2025 with their autonomous ships.3 As Jon Walker explains “Yara provides a perfect example of how we will see the technology used in the very near future. Their goal is to have remote operations in late 2019 and fully autonomous operations by 2020.”6 Many industry experts believe that autonomous transits will start in the next few years, with remote and autonomous ships on short and routine trips with defined routes by the end of the decade.7 These experts anticipate artificial shipboard intelligence to gradually improve to the point where cargo ships are sailing transcontinental voyages without crews (possibly between 2020 and 2025, based on projections).8 As these companies implement the new technology to allow ships to be remotely controlled or operate autonomously, it is forecasted that the shipping industry will adopt the technology quickly due to the cost savings.9 More challenging to the future of autonomous ships are the regulatory changes required to allow such ships to operate.10 Currently, global shipping regulations are unclear about whether these ships would be allowed to operate nationally as well as internationally, how they could be insured, and who would be legally liable for damages and pollution in the event of an accident.11 This Note seeks to identify the legal hurdles facing the implementation of autonomous ships and suggests areas of future considerations that policymakers should keep in mind.	cache/iiclr-25071.pdf	txt/iiclr-25071.txt