id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
inlawrev-18600	Pitts, Michael J.	Empirically Measuring the Impact of Photo ID Over Time and Its Impact on Women	2014	26	.pdf	application/pdf	11207	423	49	First, is that photo identification laws are in some ways in their toddler years, having only first appeared anywhere on the landscape in 2006, and only becoming much more widespread after the 2010 mid-term elections.3 Second, is that it can be difficult to determine the amount of actual disfranchisement caused by photo identification laws.4 Most studies (and expert testimony in litigation) offer statistics about the potential for disfranchisement by attempting to measure how many potential voters do not have valid photo identification.5 Other studies purport to measure the turnout effect of voter identification laws but such studies may well be unreliable about gauging a photo identification law’s impact.6 Other potential studies, such as post-election surveys about the reasons for not voting that specify lack of valid identification as the sole cause of not voting, do not appear to exist. The 2012 Presidential election cycle featured the high-profile adoption of and litigation related to photo identification laws from Pennsylvania to Texas to South Carolina.1	cache/inlawrev-18600.pdf	txt/inlawrev-18600.txt