Indiana Law Review Indiana Law Review We are pleased to announce that Volume IX, 1975-76, will include the expanded special fall edition THIRD ANNUAL SURVEY OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INDIANA LAW A comprehensive analysis of significant statutory and case law developments intended primarily to assist members of the Indiana Bar. Survey topics will include: Foreword: Court Reorganization Stephen Daniel Administrative Law Prof. William E. Marsh Civil Procedure and Jurisdiction Dean William F. Harvey Constitutional Law Prof. William A. Stanmeyer Contracts and Commercial Law Prof. Gerald L. Bepko Corporations and Business Associations Prof. Paul J. Galanti Consumer Law Prof. Douglas J. Whaley Criminal Law and Procedure Prof. William A. Kerr Domestic Relations Prof. William A. Fox Decedents' Estates and Trusts Prof. Melvin C. Poland Evidence William Marple, Esq. Insurance Ass't Dean G. Kent Frandsen Products Liability John F. Vargo, Esq. Professional Responsibility Prof. Charles D. Kelso Property Indiana Law Review Staff Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act Sheila S. Suess Secured Transactions Prof. R. Bruce Townsend Torts James J. Brennan, Esq. Workmen's Compensation John F. Vargo, Esq. Survey Issue: $6.00 Subscription Rates: One year $12.50 Send Orders To: Business Manager Indiana Law Review Indiana University School of Law — Indianapolis 735 W. New York St. Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 x«> w Indiana Law Review Volume 8 1974 Number 1 Copyright © 1974 by the Trustees of Indiana University Survey of Recent Developments In Indiana Law I. Foreword David C. Campbell 1 II. Administrative Law Rodney Taylor 12 A. Administrative Findings of Fact 12 B. Procedural Aspects of Administrative Rulings 16 C. Separation of Functions in Local Government 23 m. Business Associations Paul J. Galanti 24 A. Securities Fraud 24 B. Indiana Securities Law Exemptions 29 C. Fiduciary Obligations and Dividend Policies 35 D. Fiduciary Obligations of Corporate Management 42 E. Agency Authority and Joint Ventures 46 F. Notification of Change of Ownership 48 G. Statutory Developments 50 IV. Civil Procedure and Jurisdiction William F. Harvey 59 A. Jurisdiction and Service of Process 59 B. Scope of the Trial Rules 63 C. Pleadings and Pretrial Motions 65 D. Pretrial Procedures and Discovery 75 E. Trial and Judgment 76 F. Appeal 86 V. Constitutional Law James W. Torke 94 A. The First Amendment 94 B. Equal Protection 104 C. Due Process 112 VI. Contracts and Commercial Law Gerald L. Bepko 116 A. Judicial Developments 117 B. Legislative Developments 131 VII. Criminal Law and Procedure William A. Kerr 137 A. Search and Seizure 138 B. Lineups and Photographic Identifications 148 C. Confessions 151 D. Guilty Pleas 155 E. Assistance of Counsel 158 F. Insanity 160 G. Habitual Criminal Prosecutions 165 H. Sentencing 167 The INDIANA LAW REVIEW is the property of Indiana University and is published six times yearly, November, December, January, March, April, and May, by the Indiana University Indianapolis Law School which assumes complete editorial responsibility therefor. Subscription Rates: one year, $9.50; three years, $25.00; five years, $33.00; Canadian, $9.50; foreign, $11.00. Single copies: annual Survey issue, $5.00; other issues, $2.00. Back issues, volume 1 through volume 7, number 1, are aivailable from Fred B. Rothman & Co., 57 Leuning Street, South Hackensack, New Jersey 07606. Please notify us one month in advance of any change of address and include both old and new addresses with zip codes to ensure delivery of all issues. Send all correspondence to Business Manager, Indiana Law Review, Indiana University Indianapolis Law School, 735 West New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. Publication office: 735 West New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana. Second-class postage paid at Indianapolis, Indiana 46201. Vm. Evidence—Civil Marshall J. Seidman 171 A. Demonstrative Evidence 171 B. Impeachment by Prior Inconsistent Statements 174 C. Hearsay 175 D. Discretion in the Admission of Evidence 178 E. Experts 181 F. Competency 183 G. Cross-examination 185 H. Conclusion 185 IX. Evidence—Criminal William Marple 186 A. Demonstrative Evidence 186 B. Original Document Rule 197 C. Impeachment 200 D. Hearsay 205 E. Sufficiency of the Evidence 209 F. Expert Testimony 213 G. Privilege—Plea Bargaining 215 H. Judicial Notice 216 X. Insurance G. Kent Frandsen 217 A. Fraudulent Misrepresentation of Insuring Agreement 217 B. Uninsured Motorist Coverage 219 C. "Other Insurance" Clauses 224 D. Mortgage Clauses 226 E. Statutory Developments 227 F. Conclusion 228 XI. Property Ronald W. Polston 228 XII. Secured Transactions and Creditors' Sights R. Bruce Townsend 234 A. Real Estate Recording Statutes and Priorities 234 B. Conditional Sales Contracts 236 C. Motor Vehicles 239 D. After-acquired Collateral and Proceeds 240 E. Inventory and Accounts Receivable Financing 243 F. Assignments by Lienholder or Lien Debtor 248 G. Release and Discharge of Surety 249 H. Remedies and Other Rights of Parties to Secured Transactions 250 I. Mechanics' Liens 252 J. Wage Garnishment Exemptions 254 K. Property Subject to Creditor Process 258 L. Judgment Liens and Lien Creditors 259 M. Proceedings Supplemental to Execution 262 N. Bulk Sales—Sale of Business 263 Xm. Torts Cleon H. Foust 264 A. Intentional Torts 264 B. Negligence 267 C. Premises Liability 270 D. Strict Liability 273 E. Limitations on Liability 273 F. Damages 276 XTV. Trusts and Decedents' Estates Melvin C. Poland 278 A. Wills 278 B. Trusts 284 XV. Workmen's Compensation John F. Vargo 289 ' Indiana Law Review VOLUME 8 1974 NUMBER 2 Copyright © 1974 by the Trustees of Indiana University Articles Women Executives, Managers and Professionals in the Indiana Criminal Justice System Julia C. Lamber, Victor L. Streib 297 Questioning the Juvenile Commitment: Some Notes on Method and Consequence Edward Chase 373 Notes Parental Tort Immunity Doctrine in Indiana 394 The Constitutional Guarantee of Speedy Trial 414 Recent Development Labor Law—Successorship 441 Sucessor employer held to have no duty to arbitrate its obligations to seller's former employees when no substantial continuity in work force exists. — Howard Johnson Co. v. Detroit Local Joint Executive Board, 94 S. Ct. 2236 (1974). The INDIANA LAW REVIEW is the property of Indiana University and is published six times yearly, November, December, January, March, April, and May, by the Indiana University Indianapolis Law School which assumes complete editorial responsibility therefor. Subscription Rates: one year, $9.50; three years. $25.00; five years, $33.00; Canadian, $9.50; foreign, $11.00. Single copies: annual Survey issue, $5.00; other issues, $2.00. Back issues, volume 1 through volume 7, number 1, are available from Fred B. Rothman & Co., 57 Leuning Street, South Hackensack, New Jersey 07606. Please notify us one month in advance of any change of address and include both old and new addresses with zip codes to ensure delivery of all issues. Send all correspondence to Business Manager, Indiana Law Review, Indiana University Indianapolis Law School. 735 West New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. Publication office: 735 West New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana. Second-class postage paid at Indianapolis, Indiana 46201. Indiana Lair Keview Volume 8 1974-1975 Editor-in-Chief Debra A. Falender Article and Book Review Editors Michael J. Bleck James J. Brennan Wayne E. Gresham Indiana Review Editor Managing Editor Kristin Pfeifer Sheila Suess Note and Development Editors Lonnie D. Collins Baker R. Rector Robert L. Hartley, Jr. Lewis A. Shaffer Associate Editors J. Michael Antrim James W. Greives Robert L. Bauman Timothy E. Hollingsworth Thomas J. Blee John F. Michaels Ronald J. Brothers Robert L. Miller, Jr. James T. Burns Rickey R. Pate James E. Davis Kathleen N. Ryan Brian J. Fahey Susan B. Tabler Michael S. Fischer Donald J. Tribbett David W. Gray Randy W. Young Faculty Advisor Paul J. Galanti Business Manager Mary Ann Motza Indiana Lair Review Volume 8 1975 Number 3 Copyright © 1975 by tre Trustees of Indiana University Article Proscribing Retaliation Under Title VII Delbert L. Spurlock, Jr. 453 Comment Reversals for Insufficient Evidence: The Emerging Doctrine of Appellate Acquittal Charles A. Thompson 497 Notes Discharge of Certain Parties to Negotiable Instruments Upon a Holder's Impairment of Collateral 522 Client Confidentiality and Securities Practice: A Demurrer From the Current Controversy 549 Exhaustion of State Administrative Remedies Under the Civil Rights Act 565 Recent Development Federal Jurisdiction—Three-Judge Courts 595 Disposition of case by three-judge court on grounds which would have justified dissolution of three-judge court or refusal to convene court at outset must be appealed to court of appeals rather than Supreme Court. — Gonzalez v. Auto- matic Employees Credit Union, 95 S. Ct. 289 (1974). The INDIANA LAW REVIEW is the property of Indiana University and is published six times yearly, November, December, January, March, April, and May, by the Indiana University Indianapolis Law School which assumes complete editorial responsibility therefor. Subscription Rates: one year, $9.50; three years. $25.00; five years, $33.00; Canadian, $9.50; foreign, $11.00. Single copies; annual Survey issue, $5.00; other issues, $3.00. Back issues, volume 1 through volume 7, number 1, are available from Fred B. Rothman & Co., 57 Leuning Street, South Hackensack, New Jersey 07606. Please notify us one month in advance of any change of address and include both old and new addresses with zip codes to ensure delivery of all issues. Send all correspondence to Business Manager, Indiana Law Review, Indiana University Indianapolis Law School. 735 West New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. Publication office: 735 West New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana. Second-class postage paid at Indianapolis, Indiana 46201. Volume 8 January 1975 Number 3 Indiana Law Review Volume 8 1975 Number 4 Copyright © 1975 by the Trustees of Indiana University Article The Emerging Federally Secured Right of Political Participation Frederic S. LeClercq 607 Comment Tax Planning With Restricted Stock Warren E. Banks 654 Notes The Expanding Availability of Punitive Damages in Contract Actions 668 Possession of Dangerous Drugs in Indiana 690 Minors and Contraceptives in Indiana 716 Recent Developments Decedents' Estates—Descent and Distribution Statutes 732 Statute allowing inheritance by illegitimate children through the mother but silent on inheritance through the father held invidious discrimination under the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. — Green v. Woodard, 318 N.E.2d 397 (Ohio Ct. App. 1974). Criminal Procedure—Search Warrants 738 Erroneous statements made by federal agent in affidavit for search warrant were immaterial and did not authorize sup- pression of evidence. — United States v. Marihart, 492 F.2d 897 (8th Cir.), cert, denied, 419 U.S. 827 (1974). Volume 8 March 1975 Number 4 The INDIANA LAW REVIEW is the property of Indiana University and fa published lx times yearly November, December, January, March. April, and May, by the Indiana U^ivwsity IndfanS Sw School which assumes complete editorial responsibility therefor SuCrStion Rates: one year, $9.50; three years $25.00; five years, $33.00, r*^H?an S9 50- foreien $11.00. Single copies: annual Survey issue, $5.00 other fssuel $3.00 9 BkckTsslTes, volume 1 through volume 7, number 1 are ^^\^ Fred B. Rothman & Co., 57 Leuning Street, South Hackensack New Jersey 07606 Ple^e notify ua one month in advance of any change of address and include both old and l new address" with ??p codes to ensure delivery of all issues Send all correspondence to Rn«ines7 Manaeer Indiana Law Review, Indiana University Indianapolis Law School. 735 wist New YwkStrVet, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. Publication office: 735 West New York ITreet IndSnapolis, Indiana. Second-class postage paid at Indianapolis. Indiana 46201. Indiana Law Heview Volume 8 1975 Number 5 Copyright © 1975 by the Trustees of Indiana University Article Federal Income Taxation of Scholarships and Fellowships: A Practical Analysis Mary Ann Tucker 749 Comment Bank Liability for Wrongful Dishonor: UCC Section 4-402—Is Revision Needed? William L. Daniels 802 Notes Administration of the Uniform Consumer Credit Code 828 The Consumer Product Safety Act : Risk Classification and Products Liability 846 The Impeachment Exception : Decline of the Exclusionary Rule? 865 Recent Development Constitutional Law—First Amendment 890 United States Supreme Court held that the first amendment protected an abortion advertisement which conveyed informa- tion of potential interest to an audience, despite its appear- ance in the form of a paid commercial advertisement. — Bigelow v. Virginia, 95 S. Ct. 2222 (1975). Volume 8 April 1975 Number 5 The INDIANA LAW MVglW I,^hej^rt^-g^SHS,* t?S SivIS^^^ therefor. Subscription Rates: one J-gJf-^^JKp Survey issue. $5.00; other Canadian, $9.50; foreign, *"-«°- f B£ uS voume 7, number 1, are available from issues, $3.00. Back issues, volume J.^ ou |^_tJ°Hackensack, New Jersey 07606. Please Fred B. Rothman & Co., 57 Leunin* S^t, Jouth HjcKen , ^ ^ ^ and new notify us one month in advance of ^livery* of? all issues. Send all correspondence to addresses with zip codes to enB ure SSrLaMum, University Indianapolis Law School, Rainess Manager, Indiana Law Review, Indiana «>*»»» pUwication office: 735 West Indiana 46201. Indiana Law Review Volume 8 1975 Number 6 Copyright © 1975 by the Trustees of Indiana University Article Realty Shelter Partnerships in a Nutshell Donald J. Weidner 899 Comments Bank Holding Company Regulatory Experience Since 1970 John T. Masten, Jacobus T. Severiens 942 The Impact of Courts on Society: Residency Requirements for Welfare Benefits As a Case Study Anthony M. Champagne, Allan F. Wichelman, Ronald P. Sokol 963 Special Comments Zoning and Land Use Where Is Indiana Zoning Headed? William F. LeMond 976 Exclusionary Zoning: Will the Law Provide a Remedy? .... 995 The Legal History of Zoning for Aesthetic Purposes 1028 Redlining: Potential Civil Rights and Sherman Act Violations Raised by Lending Policies 1045 The INDIANA LAW REVIEW is the property of Indiana University and is published six times yearly, November, December, January, March, April, and May, by the Indiana University Indianapolis Law School which assumes complete editorial responsibility therefor. Subscription Rates: one year, $9.50; three years. $25.00; five years, $33.00; Canadian, $9.50; foreign, $11.00. Single copies: annual Survey issue, $5.00; other issues, $3.00. Back issues, volume 1 through volume 7, number 1, are available from Fred B. Rothman & Co., 57 Leuning Street. South Hackensack, New Jersey 07606. Please notify us one month in advance of any change of address and include both old and new addresses with zip codes to ensure delivery of all issues. Send all correspondence to Business Manager, Indiana Law Review, Indiana University Indianapolis Law School, 785 West New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. Publication office: 735 West New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana. Second-class postage paid at Indianapolis. Indiana 46201. Volume 8 May 1975 Number 6 Indi V iana Lair Review olume 8 1974-1975 Editor-in-Chief Debra A. Falender Article and Book Review Editors Michael J . Bleck James J. Brennan Wayne E. Gresham Indiana Review Editor Managing Editor Kristin Pfeifer Sheila Suess Note and Development Editors Lonnie D. Collins Baker R. Rector Robert L. Hartley, Jr. Lewis A. Shaffer Associate Editors J. Michael Antrim James W. Greives Robert L. Bauman Timothy E. Hollingsworth Thomas J Blee John F. Michaels Ronald J. Brothers Robert L. Miller, Jr. James T. Burns Rickey R. Pate James E. Davis Kathleen N. Ryan Brian J. ]Fahey Susan B. Tabler Michael S Fischer Donald J. Tribbett David W. Gray Randy W. Young Faculty Advisor Paul J. Galanti Business Manager Mary Ann Motza . Indiana Law Review Volume 8 1974-1975 Editor-in-Chief Debra A. Falender Article and Book Review Editors Michael J. Bleck James J. Brennan Wayne E. Gresham Indiana Revieiv Editor Managing Editor Kristin Pfeifer Sheila Suess Note and Development Editors Lonnie D. Collins Baker R. Rector Robert L. Hartley, Jr. Lewis A. Shaffer Associate Editors J. Michael Antrim James W. Greives Robert L. Bauman Timothy E. Hollingsworth Thomas J. Blee John F. Michaels Ronald J. Brothers Robert L. Miller, Jr. James T. Burns Rickey R. Pate James E. Davis Kathleen N. Ryan Brian J. Fahey Susan B. Tabler Michael S. Fischer Donald J. Tribbett David W. Gray Randy W. Young Faculty Advisor Paul J. Galanti Business Manager Mary Ann Motza Indiana University Indianapolis Law School 1974-1975 ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS AND FACULTY John W. Ryan, Ph. D., President of the University Glenn W. Irwin, Jr., M.D., Vice President of the University William F. Harvey, LL.M., Dean, Indianapolis Law School G. Kent Frandsen, J.D., Assistant Dean, Indianapolis Law School Thomas B. Allington, LL.M. (New York University, 1971), Professor Edward P. Archer, LL.M. (Georgetown University, 1964), Professor Charles W. Ardery, Jr., LL.B. (University of Michigan, 1957), Adjunct Professor James F. Bailey, III, J.D., M.A.L.S. (University of Michigan, 1964, 1970), Director of Library and Associate Professor Gerald L. Bepko, LL.M. (Yale University, 1972), Associate Professor Clyde H. Crockett, LL.M. (The London School of Economics, 1972), Asso- ciate Professor Robert F. Dugan, M.C.L. (University of Chicago, 1969), Associate Professor Cleon H. Foust, J.D. (University of Arizona, 1933), Professor William F. Fox, Jr., LL.M. (Harvard University, 1974), Assistant Professor G. Kent Frandsen, J.D. (Indiana University, 1965), Assistant Dean and Associate Professor David A. Funk, LL.M. (Columbia University, 1973), Associate Professor Paul J. Galanti, J.D. (University of Chicago, 1963), Associate Professor Alan H. Goldstein, J.D., (Indiana University, 1969), Adjunct Professor John S. Grimes, J.D. (Indiana University, 1931), Professor of Jurisprudence Jeffrey W. Grove, J.D. (George Washington University, 1969), Associate Professor William F. Harvey, LL.M. (Georgetown University, 1961), Dean and Pro- fessor Lawrence A. Jegen, III, LL.M. (New York University, 1963), Professor William R. Jones, LL.M. (University of Michigan, 1970), Associate Pro- fessor Charles D. Kelso, J.S.D. (Columbia University, 1968), Professor William A. Kerr, LL.M. (Harvard University, 1958), Professor Walter W. Krieger, Jr., LL.M. (George Washington University, 1969), As- sociate Professor William E. Marsh, J.D. (University of Nebraska, 1968), Assistant Professor Edward McWhinney, J.S.D. (Yale University, 1953), Professor (on leave, 1974-75) Patrick Mulvany, J.D. (Georgetown University, 1970), Assistant Professor Melvin C. Poland, LL.M. (University of Michigan, 1950), Professor Ronald W. Polston, LL.B. (University of Illinois, 1958), Professor Mary Beth Ramey, J.D., (Indiana University, 1972), Adjunct Professor Marshall J. Seidman, LL.M. (Harvard University, 1970), Professor Charles G. Reeder, J.D., (Indiana University, 1965), Adjunct Professor William A. Stanmeyer, J.D., (DePaul University, 1966), Visiting Associate Professor Kenneth M. Stroud, J.D. (Indiana University, 1961), Assistant Professor James W. Torke, J.D. (University of Wisconsin, 1968), Associate Professor R. Bruce Townsend, J.D. (University of Iowa, 1940), Professor of Juris- prudence Douglas J. Whaley, J.D. (University of Texas, 1968), Associate Professor Jeremy S. Williams, LL.M. (University of Sheffield, 1969), Professor Harold R. Woodard, J.D. (Harvard University, 1936), Professorial Lecturer Judges of the Indiana Courts Indiana Supreme Court Norman F. Arterburn, Chief Justice Roger 0. DeBruler Richard M. Givan Donald H. Hunter Dixon W. Prentice FIRST DISTRICT Jonathan J. Robertson, Presiding Judge Joe W. Lowdermilk Robert B. Lybrook SECOND DISTRICT Patrick D. Sullivan, Presiding Judge Paul H. Buchanan, Jr. Charles S. White THIRD DISTRICT George B. Hoffman, Jr., Chief Judge William I. Garrard* Robert H. Staton Federal District C®nrts NORTHERN DISTRICT George N. Beamer, Chief Judge** Jesse E. Eschbach Allen Sharp*** Robert A. Grant, Senior District Judge SOUTHERN DISTRICT William E. Steckler, Chief Judge S. Hugh Dillin Cale J. Holder James E. Noland *Appointed to replace Judge Allen Sharp on January 21, 1974. **Deceased, October 21, 1974. ***Appointed to the Federal District Court on October 11, 1973; resigned from the Indiana Court of Appeals for the Third District on October 31, 1973. Districts of the Indiana Conrt of Appeals LAPORTE 1ST. JOSEPH LAKE PORTER NEWTON /STARKE [WHITE CASS BENTON MARSHALL ELKHART LAGRANGE KOSCIUSKO NOBLE STEUBEN OEKALB CARROLL TIPPE- CANOE CLINTON MONT- GOMERY WELLS GRANT 2 TIPTON BOONE HENDRICKS MARION IHANCOCK VIGO CLAY OWEN 1 HAMILTON MADISON ADAMS BLACK- |JAY FORD DELAWARE HENRY RANDOLPH WAYNE SHELBY MORGAN JOHNSON RUSH DECATUR FAYETTE UNION