Indiana Law Review OCT - v J987 Indiana law Review Periocffcal Collection Volume 20 No. 3 1987 Article Rethinking Price-Fixing Richard S. Wirtz Speech Presenting a State Constitutional Argument: Comment on Theory and Technique Hon. Robert F. Utter Sanford E. Pitler Notes The Safe-Harbor Interest Rates Under Section 483 of the Internal Revenue Code: A Gift Tax Trap Wrongful Adoption: Monetary Damages as a Superior Remedy to Annulment for Adoptive Parents Victimized by Adoption Fraud Prepayment Penalties and Due-On-Sale Clauses in Commercial Mortgages: What Next? LW REVIEVIS Search thousands of law review and bar journal articles effortlessly on WESTLAW! It's like having a staff of experts always at your command. Tb answer your questions on taxation. Business Regulation. Bankruptcy. Securities. And more!ON WESILW! Find relevant articles instantly. Search the full text of articles using descriptive words, titles, author's names or any combination. david w . little When you want to know what the experts say 3303 Browncliff Lane J t . w . rr^^rrrr -- . TKn8^/n33^6ffl6 1 on y°ur subject, turn to WESTLAW. Find out more by contacting your Wfest Sales john m.walsh Representative or by calling 1-800-328-0109 SSS-^ (or 612-228-2450) . WESTLAW9 Superiority That's No Illusion © 1 986 West Publishing Company 9204 -8/4 -86 The latest in the law fromBNA Securities Regulation & Law Report When you need to keep up with rapidly chang- ing financial market regulations, rely on BNA's Securities Regulation & Law Report. This weekly information service offers concise coverage of federal and state securities law and regulation; corporate governance and attorney responsibility; enforcement activi- ties; commodity futures regulation; and accounting standards and practice. Corporate Practice Series Designed for corporate lawyers, BNA's Corpo- rate Practice Series is a time-saving service offering a series of portfolios, prepared by practitioners, treating specific areas of cor- poration law. The Family Law Reporter Keep up with the rapidly expanding field of family law with BNA's Family Law Reporter. Each week, you'll get nationwide coverage of precedent-setting cases in divorce, alimony, child custody, juvenile court cases, and tax aspects of family law. Reference file includes full text of federal laws, selected state statutes, and a quick scan summary of state divorce codes. Antitrust & Trade Regulation Report If you must stay abreast of significant antitrust and trade regulation developments, rely on BNA's Antitrust & Trade Regulation Report. You'll receive weekly notification of key fed- eral, state, and local news. Coverage includes the Department of Justice, the Federal Trade Commission, state and federal courts, and private enforcement. The United States Law Week For more than 50 years, The UnitedStates Law Week has been helping lawyers prepare briefs, argue points, and win cases. You can turn to this weekly information service for news and analysis of legal developments, precedent-setting cases, and full text of selected federal statutes. You'U also receive same-day notification of all Supreme Court decisions, in full text. Media Law Reporter For the latest decisions affecting the full range of communications law issues—including in- terpretations of the First Amendment, copy- rights, and FOIA, turn to BNA's Media Law Reporter. Weekly coverage includes full text and digests of federal and state media law decisions on both print and electronic com- munications. Call toll-free 800/372-1033 (In Maryland: 800/352-1400; Washington, D.C.: 258-9401 ) or write for our free catalog. The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. SuiteS 514 231 25th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 Please enter my subscription to the INDIANA LAW REVIEW NAME ADDRESS Enclosed is $. Bill me for _ Mail to: for subscriptions. subscriptions. INDIANA LAW REVIEW INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW -INDIANAPOLIS 735 West New York Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 Subscription Rates (one year): Regular, $18.00; Foreign, $21.50; Survey, $10.00; Single Issue, $5.00 Indiana Law Review Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc., Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Hepps and Speech on Matters of Public Concern: New Directions in First Amendment Defamation Law Don Lewis Coming Volume 20, No. 4, to be available Fall 1987 Price $5.00 Send orders to Indiana Law Review Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis 735 W. New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 The Board of Editors of the Indiana Law Review expresses its appreciation to Professor Thomas Allington for his invaluable production assistance. Indiana Law Review Volume 20 1987 Number 3 Copyright © 1987 by the Trustees of Indiana University TABLE OF CONTENTS Article Rethinking Price-Fixing Richard S. Wirtz 591 Speech Presenting a State Constitutional Argument: Comment on Theory and Technique . . . .Hon. Robert F. Utter Sanford E. Pitter 635 Notes The Safe-Harbor Interest Rates Under Section 483 of the Internal Revenue Code: A Gift Tax Trap 679 Wrongful Adoption: Monetary Damages as a Superior Remedy to Annulment for Adoptive Parents Victimized by Adoption Fraud 709 Prepayment Penalties and Due-On-Sale Clauses in Commercial Mortgages: What Next? 735 Volume 20 Summer 1987 Number 3 The INDIANA LAW REVIEW (ISSN 0090-4198) is the property of Indiana University and is published quarterly by the Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis, which assumes complete editorial responsibility thereof. Subscription rates: one year $18.00; foreign $21.50. Please notify us one month in advance of any change in address and include both old and new addresses with zip codes to ensure delivery of all issues. Send all correspondence to Editorial Assistant, Indiana Law Review, Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis, 735 West New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. Publication office: 735 West New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. Second class postage paid at Indianapolis, Indiana 46201. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to INDIANA LAW REVIEW, 735 West New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. Indiana law Review Volume 20 1987 Editor-in-Chief Gayle Reindl Executive Editors Articles and Production John Joseph Tanner Notes and Topics Richard Allen Kempf Don Anderson Elaine M. Chaney Articles Editors Ronald d'Avis Mary Dreyer Victoria J. Kincke Business Editor Barbara Arnold Harcourt Note and Development Editors Denise Clare Andresen Laura S. Reed Joseph Wayne Foye Carla Cowles van Dongen James C. McKinley James E. Utterback Associate Timothy Shawn Durham Mark Eiler Flexter Paul D. Fredrick John R. Gaskin Thomas R. Haley III Alan D. Hutchinson James D. Johnson Lori F. Kaplan Cheryl Knodle Kathleen Pollock Mills Editors Scott S. Morrisson Lannette J. Moutos Jeffrey James Neal Reed S. Oslan Scot W. Overdorf Nana M. Quay-Smith Marcia Cox Templeton Linda Walker Judy L. Woods Christopher B. Young Editorial Assistant Amy Morrison Grubbs Faculty Advisor Paul J. Galanti Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis 1986-87 ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS AND FACULTY Administrative Officers John W. Ryan, Ph.D., President of the University Gerald L. Bepko, L.L.M., Vice-President Jeffrey W. Grove, J.D., Acting Dean James F. Bindley, J.D., Assistant Dean for Administration G. Kent Frandsen, J.D., Associate Dean for Student Affairs James W. Torke, J.D., Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Faculty Thomas B. Allington, Professor. B.S., University of Nebraska, 1964; J.D., 1966; LL.M., New York University, 1971. Edward P. Archer, Professor. B.M.E., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1958; J.D., Georgetown University, 1962; LL.M., 1964. James F. Bailey, III., Associate Professor and Director of Law Library. A.B., University of Michigan, 1961; J.D., 1964; M.A.L.S., 1970. James F. Bindley, Assistant Dean for Administration and Director of Placement & Develop- ment, B.A., Loyola University, 1969; J.D., University of Kentucky, 1972. Paul N. Cox, Professor. B.S., Utah State University, 1971; J.D., University of Utah, 1974; LL.M., University of Virginia, 1980. Clyde Harrison Crockett, Professor. A.B., University of Texas, 1962; J.D., 1965; LL.M., University of London (The London School of Economics and Political Science), 1972. Debra A. Falender, Professor. A.B., Mount Holyoke College, 1970; J.D., Indiana Univer- sity, 1975. G. Kent Frandsen, Associate Deanfor Student Affairs and Associate Professor. B.S., Bradley University, 1950; J.D., Indiana University, 1965. David A. Funk, Professor. A.B., College of Wooster, 1949; J. D., Case Western Reserve Univer- sity, 1951; M.A., The Ohio State University 1968; LL.M., Case Western Reserve Univer- sity, 1972; LL.M., Columbia University, 1973. Paul J. Galanti, Professor. A.B., Bowdoin College, 1960; J.D., University of Chicago, 1963. Helen P. Garfield, Professor. B.S.J., Northwestern University, 1945; J. D., University ofCol- orado, 1967. Harold Greenberg, Associate Professor. A.B., Temple University, 1959; J.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1962. Jeffrey W. Grove, Acting Dean. A.B., Juniata College, 1965; J.D., George Washington University, 1969. William F. Harvey, CarlM. Gray Professor ofLaw. A.B., University ofMissouri, 1954; J. D., Georgetown University, 1959; LL.M., 1961. W. William Hodes, Professor. A.B., Harvard College 1966; J.D., Rutgers Newark, 1969. Lawrence A. Jegen, III., Thomas F. Sheehan Professor of Tax Law and Policy, 1982. A.B., Beloit College, 1956; J.D., The University of Michigan 1959; M.B.A., 1960, LL.M., New York University, 1963. Henry C. Karlson, Professor. A.B., University of Illinois, 1965; J.D., 1968; LL.M., 1977. William Andrew Kerr, Professor. A.B., West Virginia University, 1955. J.D., 1957, LL.M., Harvard University, 1958; B.D., Duke University, 1968. Eleanor D. Kinney, Assistant Professor. A.B., Duke University, 1969; M.A., University of Chicago, 1970; J.D., Duke University, 1973. Walter W. Krieger, Associate Professor. A.B., Bellarmine College, 1959; J.D., University of Louisville, 1962; LL.M., George Washington University, 1969. David P. Leonard, Associate Professor. B.A., University of California at San Diego, 1974; J.D., UCLA School of Law, 1977. Robin Paul Malloy, Assistant Professor. B.S., Purdue University, 1971; J.D., University of Florida, 1980; LL.M., University of Illinois, 1983. William E. Marsh, Professor. B.S., University of Nebraska, 1965; J.D., 1958. Susanah M. Mead, Associate Professor. B.A., Smith College, 1969; J.D., Indiana University, 1976. Mary H. Mitchell, Associate Professor. A.B., Butler University, 1975; J.D., Cornell Law School, 1978. David R. Papke, Associate Professor. A.B., Harvard College, 1969; J.D., Yale Law School, 1973; M.A. in American Studies, Yale University, 1973; M. Phil., in American Studies, The University of Michigan, 1980; Ph.D., 1983. Ronald W. Polston, Professor. B.S., Eastern Illinois University, 1953; LL.B., University of Illinois, 1958. Kenneth M. Stroud, Professor. A.B., Indiana University, 1958; J.D., 1961. James W. Torke, Acting Associate Dean. B.S., University of Wisconsin, 1963; J.D., 1968. Joe A. Tucker, Assistant Professor, B.A., Houston, 1977; J.D., University of Texas, 1981. James Patrick White, Professor ofLaw. A.B., University of Iowa, 1953; J.D., 1956; LL.M., George Washington University, 1959. Lawrence P. Wilkins, Professor. B.A., The Ohio State University, 1968; J.D., Capital Univer- sity Law School, 1973; LL.M., University of Texas School of Law, 1974. Mary Wolf, Visiting Assistant Professor ofLaw, B.A., Saint Xavier College, 1969; J.D., Univer- sity of Iowa College of Law, 1974. Harold R. Woodard, Professorial Lecturer. B.S., Harvard University, 1933; J.D., 1936. Emeriti Agnes P. Barrett, Associate Professor Emeritus. B.S., Indiana University, 1942; J. D., 1964. Cleon H. Foust, Professor Emeritus. A.B., Wabash College, 1928; J.D., University ofArizona, 1933. John S. Grimes, Professor of Jurisprudence Emeritus. A.B., Indiana University. 1929; J.D., 1931. Melvin C. Poland, Cleon H. Foust Professor ofLaw Emeritus, B.S. Kansas State University, 1940; LL.B., Washburn University, 1949; LL.M., The University of Michigan, 1950. R. Bruce Townsend, Cleon H. Foust Professor ofLaw Emeritus, A.B., Coe College, 1938; J.D., University of Iowa, 1940. Legal Writing Instructors Jeffrey Been, A.B., Wabash College, 1981; J.D., Indiana University, 1984. Michael Mullett, Lecturer. B.A., University of Michigan, 1966; M.A., 1973; J.D., Indiana University, 1982. Vickie Renfrow, Lecturer. B.A., University of Northern Iowa, 1970; M.A., 1971; Ph.D., Indiana University, Bloomington, 1976; J. D., Indiana University, Bloomington, 1981. Joan Ruhtenberg, Lecturer. B.A., Mississippi University for Women, 1959; J.D., Indiana University, 1980. Law Library Staff Terri Lea Hardin, Affiliate Librarian, B.A., Indiana University, 1982; M.L.S., 1983. Mary P. Hudson, Assistant Librarian, B.A., Ball State, 1969; M.L.S., Indiana Universtiy, 1973. Wendell E. Johnting, Technical Services Librarian. A.B., Taylor University, 1974; M.L.S., Indiana University, 1975. Constance Matts, Associate Librarian, B.A., Case Western Reserve University, 1973; M.S.L.S., Case Western Reserve University, 1974; M.A.I.R., Creighton University, 1976. Kiyoshi Otsu, Assistant Librarian, Parkland College, A.A., 1976; A. B., University ofIllinois, 1980; M.S., 1982; C.A.S., 1983.