Indiana Law Review Indiana Law Review Periodical gNecflofi Volume 35 No. 2 2002 SYMPOSIUM CAUGHT IN THE MIDDLE: THE ROLE OF STATE INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURTS Caught in the Middle: The Role of State Intermediate Appellate Courts Edward W. Najam, Jr. Supreme Court Monitoring of State Courts in the Twenty-first Century Michael E. Solimine Supreme Court Monitoring of State Courts in the Twenty-first Century: A Response to Professor Solimine Jeffrey W. Grove Appellate Reform: The Appellate Process Task Force Model Gary E. Strankman The Special Professional Challenges of Appellate Judging Randall T. Shepard The Practice of Precedent: Anastasojf, Noncitation Rules, and the Meaning of Precedent in an Interpretive Community Lauren Robel '., Citability and the Nature of Precedent in the Courts of Appeals: A Response to Dean Robel Jeffrey O. Cooper Thinking About the Supreme Court After Z?ws/zXND3?ANA UMTX7T7PCTT* I iriHn CirppnhniiKP *vOJ. J_ £ MAY n a ZQQ2 Address from Chief Judge EagleSCHOOL OP IM TAtnnr Sidney S. Eagles, Jr. UC ^W-INDPLS Linda Greenhouse Oral Argument: Does It Matter? Warren D. Wolfson Managing Caseflow in State Intermediate Appgllate Courts: What Mechanism", Practices, and Procedures Can Work to Reduce Delay? Richard B. Hofffitan Barry Mahoney •-*---.». .^-.., LECTURE International Codes of Research Ethics: Current Controversies and the Future Robert J. Levine NOTES Choosing Life: Proposing Immunity for Mothers Who Abandon Their Newborns Jill M. Acklin Giving Until It Hurts: Prisoners Are Not the Answer to the National Organ Shortage Whitney Hinkle Strengthening Motivational Analysis Under the Establishment Clause: Proposing a Burden-Shifting Standard Paul Jefferson Family In Law. In 1933, BNA first published The United States Law Week. th that first issue, BNA set a new standard for high-quality legal reporting and research. Following Law Week's precedent, BNA has since launched a family of information services for legal professionals. BNA's notification services cover key areas of the legal field. They include: Family Law Reporter; BNA's Bankruptcy Law Reporter; Business Law Adviser; Corporate Governance Report; Mergers & Acquisitions Law Report; BNA's Patent, Trademark & Copyright Journal; and Criminal Law Reporter Whichever publication you choose, you'll notice the family resemblance — comprehensive, accurate, in-depth coverage. Ask your professor for details on low student rates for BNA information services. BNA The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. 1231 25th Street, NW Washington, DC 20037 Customer Relations: 1-800-372-1033 email: riskfree@bna.com http://www.bna.com Indiana Law Review Volume 35 2001-2002 Editor-in-Chief Peter J. Young Executive Managing Editor Mary Margaret Giannini Senior Executive Editor Matthew W. Conrad Symposium Editor Paul Jefferson Executive Notes Editor Andrew R. Falk Executive Articles Editors Barclay Thomas Johnson Sarah Snoeberger Articles Editors Kathryn E. Bunnell Thomas R. Ewick Timothy A. Hammons Daniel J. Hancock Carl Hayes Preston B. Ray Tiffany A. Rider Peter Siddiqui Michael G. Stites Note Development Editors Jill M. Acklin Lucy R. Dollens Hilary Guenther Whitney L. Hinkle Andrew S. Kosegi Paul D. Vink Associate Editors Jay Adams John S. Bjerke Caren Geppert Paul M. Jones, Jr. Kelly A. Lewis Dana L. Luetzelschwab Michael T. McNally Rodney L. Michael Justin F. Roebel Lauren Toppen Dawn M. Adams David R. Brimm Gregory A. Cox Jeffrey M. Cromer Monica S. Doerr Jennifer L. Dolak Homer W. Faucett Amy S. Ford Adam Assad Gaha Janet A. Gongola Kellye M. Gordon Members Brian K. Groemminger Elaine L. Guidroz Brett J. Henry Lucy A. Khairy Polly J. Kubesch Kirby W. Lee Scott Linneweber Katherine E. McCanna Michael P. O'Bryan Joseph E. Parrish Bonnie B. Phillips Julianna M. Plawecki Kevin S. Price David E. Roberts Cara L. Schaefer Amy L. Schoettle John J. Schroeder Shannon M. Shaw Andrij B. Susla Terry Thomson Laura E. Trulock Editorial Specialist Chris Paynter Faculty Advisors Andrew R. Klein George Wright Indiana Law Review (ISSN 0090-4198) Published four times a year by Indiana University. Editorial and Business Offices are located at: Indiana Law Review Lawrence W. Inlow Hall 530 W. New York Street Indianapolis, IN 46202-3225 (317)274-4440 Subscriptions. Current subscription rates for an academic year are $30.00 (domestic mailing) and $35.00 (foreign mailing) for four issues. Unless the Business Office receives notice to the contrary, all subscriptions will be renewed automatically. Address changes must be received ai least one monthprior topublication to ensureprompt delivery andmust include oldandnew address and the proper zip code Single and Back Issues. Current single regular issues may be obtained from the Indiana Law Review Business Office for $10.00. Current Survey issues may be purchased for $20.00. The Symposium Issue may be purchased for $ 1 5.00. Please enclose payment with order. Complete sets and single issues ofprior volumes are also available from the Indiana Law Review Business Office. Unless a claim is made for nonreceipt of issues within one year of the mailing date, we cannot guarantee supplying the issues without charge. Manuscripts. The Indiana Law Review invites submission of unsolicited manuscripts. All citations should conform to The Bluebook A Uniform System of Citation (17th ed. 2000). Manuscripts should be double-spaced with standard one-inch margins. The Indiana Law Review, as a matter ofpolicy, promotes the use of gender-neutral language, and alternate use ofthe female or male pronoun is intended to refer to both female and male. Copyright: Copyright 2001. The Trustees of Indiana University. Except as may be expressly provided elsewhere in this publication, permission is hereby granted to produce and distribute copies of individual works from this publication for nonprofit education purposes, provided that copies are distributed at or below cost, and that the author, source, and copyright notice are included on each copy. This permission is in addition to rights of reproduction granted under Sections 107, 108, and other provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act. The INDIANA LAW REVIEW (ISSN 0090-4198) is the property of Indiana University and is published quarterly by the Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis, which assumes complete editorial responsibility thereof Current subscription rates for an academic year are: one year domestic $30.00; foreign $35.00. Send all correspondence to Editorial Specialist, Indiana Law Review, Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis, Lawrence W. Inlow Hall, 530 W. New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3225. Publication office: 530 W. New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3225. Periodicals postage paid at Indianapolis, Indiana 46201 . POSTMASTER: Send address changes to INDIANA LAW REVIEW, Lawrence W. Inlow Hall, 530 W. New York Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3225. The entire text of this Law Review is printed on recycled paper. Indiana International & Comparative Law Review The Indiana International & Comparative Law Review^ published by the Indiana University School of Law—^Indianapolis since 1991, is a student-edited law journal which provides a forum for the discussion and analysis of contemporary issues in public and private international law. The Review publishes articles by prominent legal scholars, practitioners, and policy makers from around the world, as well as student-written notes and comments. The Review is published twice annually, with a periodic third issue devoted to a specific topic in international or comparative law. In 1994, in conjunction with the Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America at Columbia University, the Review published a special issue on the political and social aspects of Italian law. In 1996, the Review published an issue addressing various aspects of Chinese law. Visa Mastercard Name School/Firm/Business Credit Card Number Address Expiration Date City, State, Zip Code Signature (Required) I enclose $ for subscriptions to the Indiana International and Comparative Law Review (Subscriptions $18.00 per year within the U.S7$21.00 per year outside the U.S.). Please make your check payable to Indiana International & Comparative Law Review. Mail to* Executive Production Editor Indiana International & Comparative Law Review Lawrence W. Inlow Hall 530 W. New York Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3225 NAME ADDRESS: Please enter my subscription to the INDIANA LAW REVIEW Enclosed is $ for subscription(s) Mail to: ATTN: Law Review Specialist at INDIANA LAW REVIEW INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW—INDIANAPOLIS Lawrence W. Inlow Hall 530 West New York Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3225 For an academic year, the subscription rate for four issues is: *Domestic, $30; Foreign, $35; Student, $20* *Single Issue, $10; Survey Issue, $20* *Symposium Issue, $15* Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis 2001-2002 ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS AND FACULTY Administrative Officers MYLES BRAND, President ofthe University. Ph.D. in Philosophy, University ofRochester (New York). GERALD L.BEPKO, Vice-Presidentfor Long-Range Planning, Indiana University; Chancellor, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis and Professor ofLaw. B.S., Northern Illinois University; J.D., ITT/Chicago-Kent College of Law; LL.M., Yale University. NORMAN Lefstein, Dean and Professor of Law. LL.B., University of Illinois; LL.M., Georgetown University. THOMAS B. Allington, Associate Dean and Professor of Law. B.S., J.D., University of Nebraska; LL.M., New York University. JEFFREYW. GROVE, Associate Dean, Professor ofLaw, andDirector, China Summer Program. A.B., Juniata College; J.D., George Washington University. SUSANAH M. MEAD, Associate Deanfor Academic Affairs and Professor ofLaw. B.A., Smith College; J.D., Indiana University—Indianapolis. CYNTHIA BAKER, Director, Program on Law and State Government. B.A., J.D., Valparaiso University. ELIZABETH L. DECOUX, Assistant Deanfor Student Affairs. J.D., Mississippi College School of Law. ANGELA M. Espada, Assistant Deanfor Admissions. J.D., Indiana University—Bloomington. JONNA M. KANE, Assistant Deanfor External Affairs. J.D., Indiana University—Indianapolis. SHANNON L. Williams, Director ofCareer Services. B.S., Indiana University—Indianapolis. Faculty CYNTHIA M. ADAMS, Lecturer in Law. B.A., Kentucky Wesleyan College; J.D., Indiana University—Indianapolis. THOMAS B. ALLINGTON, Associate Dean and Professor of Law. B.S., J.D., University of Nebraska; LL.M., New York University. JAMES F. BAILEY, III, Professor ofLaw and Director ofLaw Library. A.B., J.D., M.A.L.S., University of Michigan. GERALDL. BEPKO, Vice Presidentfor Long-Range Planning. Chancellor andProfessor ofLaw. B.S., Northern Illinois University; J.D., ITT/Chicago-Kent College of Law; LL.M., Yale University. FRANK Bowman, Associate Professor of Law. B.A., Colorado College; J.D., Harvard Law School. ROBERT BROOKINS, Professor ofLaw. B.S., University of South Florida; J.D., Ph.D., Cornell University. DANIEL H. COLE, M. Dale Palmer Professor of Law. A.B., Occidental College; A.M., University of Chicago; J.D., Lewis and Clark College; J.S.M., J.S.D., Stanford Law School. JEFFREY O. COOPER, Assistant Professor ofLaw. A.B., Harvard University; J.D., University of Pennsylvania. PAUL N. COX, Centennial Professor ofLaw. B.S., Utah State University; J.D., University of Utah; LL.M., University of Virginia. KENNETHD. CREWS,Associate Dean ofthe Facultiesfor Copyright ManagementandProfessor ofLaw and Library and Information Science. B.A., Northwestern University; J.D., Washington University; M.L.S., University of California, Los Angeles; Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles. JAMES D. Dimitri, Lecturer in Law. B.S., Indiana University; J.D., Valparaiso University School of Law. JENNIFER Ann DROBAC, Associate Professor ofLaw. B.A., M.A., Stanford University; J.D., J.S.D., Stanford Law School. GEORGE E. EDWARDS, Associate Professor of Law and Director, Program in International Human Rights Law. B.A., North Carolina State University; J.D., Harvard Law School. PAUL J. Galanti, Professor ofLaw. A.B., Bowdoin College; J.D., University of Chicago. HAROLD GREENBERG, Professor of Law. A.B., Temple University; J.D., University of Pennsylvania. JEFFREY W. GROVE, Associate Dean, Professor ofLaw, and Director, China SummerProgram. A.B., Juniata College; J.D., George Washington University. FRANCES Watson Hardy, Clinical Associate Professor ofLaw. B.S., Ball State University; J.D., Indiana University—Indianapolis. LAWRENCE A. JEGEN, III, Thomas F. Sheehan Professor ofTax Law and Policy. A.B., Beloit College; J.D., M.B.A., The University of Michigan; LL.M, New York University. HENRY C. KARLSON, Professor ofLaw. A.B., J.D., LL.M., University of Illinois. ROBERT A. Katz, Associate Professor of Law. A.B., Harvard College; J.D., University of Chicago Law School. ELEANOR D. KINNEY, Samuel R. Rosen Professor ofLaw and Co-Director ofthe Centerfor Law and Health. B.A., Duke University; M.A., University of Chicago; J.D., Duke University; M.P.H., University of North Carolina. Andrew R. Klein, Professor ofLaw. B.A., University of Wisconsin; J.D., Emory University School of Law. ROBERT E. LANCASTER, Clinical Associate Professor ofLaw. B.A., Millsaps College; J.D., Tulane Law School. NORMAN LEFSTEIN, Dean and Professor of Law. LL.B., University of Illinois; LL.M., Georgetown University. GerardN. Magliocca, Assistant Professor ofLaw. B.A., Stanford University; J.D., Yale Law School. LYNN A. MCDOWELL, Clinical Associate Professor of Law. B.S., Indiana University; J.D., Indiana University—Indianapolis. DEBORAHMCGREGOR,Lecturer in Law andAssistant Director ofLegalAnalysis, Research and Communication. B.A., University of Evansville; J.D., Georgetown University. SUSANAH M. MEAD, Associate Dean and Professor ofLaw. B.A., Smith College; J.D., Indiana University—Indianapolis. Mary H. Mitchell, Professor ofLaw. A.B., Butler University; J.D., Cornell Law School. JAMES P. NEHF, Cleon H. Foust Fellow, Professor of Law, and Director, European Law Program. B.A., Knox College; J.D., University of North Carolina. DAVID ORENTLICHER, Samuel R. Rosen Professor ofLaw and Co-Director ofthe Centerfor Law and Health. A.B., Brandeis University; J.D., M.D., Harvard College. JOANNE ORR, Clinical Associate Professor of Law. B.S., Indiana State University; J.D., California Western. H. Kathleen Patchel, Associate Professor of Law. A.B., Huntington College; J.D., University of North Carolina; LL.M., Yale University. FLORENCE Wagman ROISMAN, Paul Beam Fellow and Professor ofLaw. B.A., University of Connecticut; LL.B., Harvard Law School. JOAN M. Ruhtenberg, Clinical Professor ofLaw and Director ofLegal Analysis, Research and Communication. B.A., Mississippi University for Women; J.D., Indiana University—Indianapolis. JOEL M. Schumm, Lecturer in Law. B.A., Ohio Wesleyan University; M.A., University of Cincinnati; J.D., Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis. E. GARY SPITKO, Associate Professor ofLaw. A.B., Cornell University; J.D., Duke University Law School. JAMES W. TORKE, Carl M. Gray Professor ofLaw. B.S., J.D., University of Wisconsin. JAMES PATRICK WHITE, Professor of Law. A.B., University of Iowa; J.D., LL.M., George Washington University. Lawrence P. Wilkins, Professor of Law. B.A., The Ohio State University; J.D., Capital University Law School; LL.M., University of Texas. Lloyd T. Wilson, Jr., Lecturer in Law. B.A., Wabash College; M.A., Duke University; J.D., Indiana University—Bloomington. MARY T. WOLF, Clinical Professor ofLaw and Director of Clinical Programs. B.A., Saint Xavier College; J.D., University of Iowa. R. GEORGE WRIGHT, Professor ofLaw. A.B., University ofVirginia; Ph.D., Indiana University; J.D., Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis. Emeriti Edward P. ARCHER, Professor ofLaw Emeritus. B.M.E., Renesselaer Polytechnic Institute; J.D., LL.M., Georgetown University. AGNES P. Barrett, Associate Professor ofLaw Emerita. B.S., J.D., Indiana University. Clyde HARRISON CROCKETT, Professor of Law Emeritus. A.B., J.D., University of Texas; LL.M, University of London (The London School of Economics and Political Science). DEBRA A. FALENDER, Professor ofLaw Emerita. A.B., Mount Holyoke College; J.D., Indiana University—Indianapolis. CLEON H. FOUST, Professor of Law Emeritus. A.B., Wabash College; J.D., University of Arizona. David A. Funk, Professor ofLaw Emeritus. A.B., College of Wooster; J.D., Case Western Reserve University; M.A., The Ohio State University; LL.M., Case Western Reserve University; LL.M., Columbia University. Helen P. GARFIELD, Professor of Law Emerita. B.S.J., Northwestern University; J.D., University of Colorado. William F. Harvey, Carl M. Gray Professor ofLaw & Advocacy Emeritus. A.B., University of Missouri; J.D., LL.M., Georgetown University. W. WilliamHODES, Professor ofLaw Emeritus, A.B., Harvard College; J.D., Rutgers, Newark. WILLIAM ANDREW KERR, Professor of Law Emeritus. A.B., West University; J.D., LL.M., Harvard University; B.S., Duke University. WILLIAM E. MARSH, Professor ofLaw Emeritus. B.S., J.D., University of Nebraska. MELVTN C. POLAND, Cleon H. Foust Professor ofLaw Emeritus. B.S., Kansas State University; LL.B., Washburn University; LL.M., University of Michigan. RONALD W. POLSTON, Professor of Law Emeritus. B.S., Eastern Illinois University; LL.B., University of Illinois. KENNETH M. STROUD, Professor of Law Emeritus. A.B., J.D., Indiana University — Bloomington. Law Library Faculty JAMES F. BAILEY, III, Professor and Director ofLaw Library. A.B., J.D., M.A.L.S., University of Michigan. RICHARD HUMPHREY, Reference Librarian. A.A., Brewton-Parker Junior College; B.A., Georgia Southwestern College; M.L.S., University of Kentucky. WENDELL E. JOHNTING, Assistant Director for Technical Services. A.B., Taylor University; M.L.S., Indiana University. BRUCE Kleinschmidt, Reference Librarian. B.A., Furman University; J.D., University of Louisville; M.L.S., University of North Texas. CHRIS E.Long, CatalogLibrarian. B.A., Indiana University; M.A., Indiana University; M.L.S., Indiana University. MahnazK. MoSHFEGH,Acquisition/Serials Librarian. B.A., National University ofIran; M.S., Tehran University; M.A., Ball State University; M.L.S., Ph.D., Indiana University. MIRIAMA. MURPHY, Associate Director ofLaw Library. B.A., Purdue University; J.D., M.L.S., Indiana University—Bloomington. KlYOSHl OTSU, Computer System Specialist. A.A., Parkland College; A.B., M.S., C.A.S., University of Illinois. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/indianalawreview35202unse Indiana Law Review Volume 35 2002 Number 2 Copyright © 2002 by the Trustees of Indiana University TABLE OF CONTENTS SYMPOSIUM Caught in the Middle: The Role of State Intermediate Appellate Courts Edward W. Najam, Jr. 329 Supreme Court Monitoring of State Courts in the Twenty-first Century Michael E. Solimine 335 Supreme Court Monitoring of State Courts in the Twenty-first Century: A Response to Professor Solimine Jeffrey W. Grove 365 Appellate Reform: The Appellate Process Task Force Model Gary E. Strankman 375 The Special Professional Challenges of Appellate Judging Randall T. Shepard 381 The Practice of Precedent: Anastasoff, Noncitation Rules, and the Meaning of Precedent in an Interpretive Community Lauren Robel 399 Citability and the Nature of Precedent in the Courts of Appeals: A Response to Dean Robel Jeffrey O. Cooper 423 Thinking About the Supreme Court After Bush v. Gore Linda Greenhouse 435 Oral Argument: Does It Matter? Warren D. Wolfson 45 1 Address from Chief Judge Eagles Sidney S. Eagles, Jr. 457 Managing Caseflow in State Intermediate Appellate Courts: What Mechanisms, Practices, and Procedures Can Work to Reduce Delay? Richard B. Hoffman 467 Barry Mahoney LECTURE International Codes of Research Ethics: Current Controversies and the Future Robert J. Levine 557 NOTES Choosing Life: Proposing Immunity for Mothers Who Abandon Their Newborns Jill M. Acklin 569 Giving Until It Hurts: Prisoners Are Not the Answer to the National Organ Shortage Whitney Hinkle 593 Strengthening Motivational Analysis Under the Establishment Clause: Proposing a Burden-Shifting Standard Paul Jefferson 62 1 Volume 35 Number 2