Indiana Law Review Indiana Law Review Periodica! Collection Volume 37 No. 4 2004 TRIBUTE Tribute to Paul Galanti Gerald L Bepko 2003 SURVEY OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INDIANA LAW CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE The Honorable ChiefJustice Randall T. Shepard Joseph R. Alberts Kevin W. Betz Jason K. Bria Christopher A. Brown NealA. Cooper Mark J. Crandley Douglas E. Cressler Sonia C Das David J. Duncan Marie Troendle Greer Lawrence A. Jegen, III Charles M. Kidd Jon Laramore Donna C Marron Tanya D. Marsh Alan L. McLaughlin Teresa L. Melton Timothy A. Ogden JeffPapa George M. Flews John C Render Michael G Ruppert Paula J. Schaefer Joel M. Schumm Richard K. Shoultz Jodi L. Silcox P. Jason Stephenson Raise the Bar Case Alert: A summary and analysis of the most significant court opinions nationwide, with electronic access to full text. Legal News: Reports on non-judicial developments, including legal analysis and perspective, important legislation, and administrative rulemakings. 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Inlow Hall 530 West New York Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3225 For an academic year, the subscription rate for four issues is: ^Domestic, $30; Foreign, $35; Student, $20* *Single Issue, $10; Survey Issue, $20* *Syniposium Issue, $15* Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis 2003-2004 ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS AND FACULTY Administrative Officers AdamW. Herbert, President ofthe University. B.A., M.A., University ofSouthern California; Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh. Charles R. Bantz, Chancellor, Indiana University-Purdue University—Indianapolis. B.A., M.A., University of Minnesota; Ph.D., The Ohio State University. Anthony A. Tarr, Dean and Professor ofLaw. B.A., LL.B., University of Natal; LL.M., Cambridge University; Ph.D., University of Canterbury; Ph.D., Cambridge University. Thomas B. Allington, Associate Dean for Technology and Professor of Law. B.S., J.D., University of Nebrasica; LL.M., New York University. Jeffrey W. Grove, Associate Dean for Graduate Studies, Professor of Law, and Director, China Summer Program. A.B., Juniata College; J.D., George Washington University Law School. SuSANAH M. Mead, Associate Deanfor Academic Affairs and Professor ofLaw. B.A., Smith College; J.D., Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis. Cynthla Baker, Director, Program on Law and State Government. B.A., J.D., Valparaiso University. Elizabeth L. DeCoux, Assistant Deanfor Student Affairs. J.D., Mississippi College School of Law. Angela M. Espada, Assistant Dean for Admissions. J.D., Indiana University School of Law—Bloomington. JONNA Kane MacDougall, Assistant Dean for External Affairs. J.D., Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis. Carol B. Neary, Director ofDevelopment. B.A., Indiana University. Shannon L. Williams, Director ofProfessional Development. B.S., Indiana University. Faculty Cynthl\ M. Adams, Clinical Associate Professor ofLaw. B.A., Kentucky Wesleyan College; J.D., Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis. Thomas B. Allington, Associate Dean for Technology and Professor of Law. B.S., J.D., University of Nebraska; LL.M., New York University School of Law. Judith Ford Anspach, Professor ofLaw and Director, Ruth Lilly Law Library. B.S., M.L.S., Kent State University; J.D., Mississippi College School of Law. Gerald L. Bepko, Indiana University-Purdue University—Indianapolis Chancellor Emeritus, Indiana University Trustee Professor and Professor ofLaw. B.S., Northern Illinois University; J.D., ITT/Chicago-Kent College of Law; LL.M., Yale Law School. Frank Bowman, M. Dale Palmer Professor ofLaw. B.A., Colorado College; J.D., Harvard Law School. William C. Bradford, Assistant Professor ofLaw. B.A., M.A., University of Miami; Ph.D., Northwestern University; J.D., University ofMiami School of Law; LL.M., Harvard Law School. Robert Brookins, Professor ofLaw. B.S., University of South Florida; J.D., Ph.D., Cornell University. Kenneth D. Chestek, Clinical Associate Professor of Law. B.A., Pennsylvania State University; J.D., University of Pittsburgh School of Law. Daniel H. Cole, R. Bruce Townsend Professor of Law. A.B., Occidental College; A.M., University of Chicago; J.D., Lewis and Clark Law School; J.S.M., J.S.D., Stanford Law School. Jeffrey O. Cooper, Associate Professor ofLaw. A.B., Harvard University; J.D., University of Pennsylvania Law School. PaulN. Cox, Centennial Professor ofLaw. B.S., Utah State University; J.D., University of Utah College of Law; LL.M., University of Virginia School of Law. Robin Kundis Craig, Associate Professor ofLaw. B.A., Pomona College; M.A., The Johns Hopkins University; Ph.D., University of California; J.D., Lewis and Clark Law School. Kenneth D. Crews, Associate Dean ofthe Facultiesfor Copyright Management and Samuel R. Rosen II Professor ofLaw and Professor ofLibrary and Information Science. B.A., Northwestern University; J.D., Washington University School ofLaw; M.L.S., University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles; Ph.D., University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles. James D. Dimitri, Clinical Associate Professor of Law. B.S., Indiana University; J.D., Valparaiso University School of Law. Jennifer Ann Drobac, Associate Professor ofLaw. B.A., M.A., Stanford University; J.D., J.S.D., Stanford Law School. George E. Edwards, Professor ofLaw andDirector, Program in InternationalHuman Rights Law. B.A., North Carolina State University; J.D., Harvard Law School. Frank Emmert, Professor of Law and Executive Director, Center for International and Comparative Law. Erstes Juristisches Staatsexamen (J.D.), University ofMunich Law School; LL.M., The University of Michigan Law School; Ph.D., University of Maastricht; Diploma, European University Institute. Nicholas Georgakopoulos, Professor ofLaw. Ptyhion Nomikis, Athens University School of Law; LL.M., S.J. D., Harvard Law School. iEFFREYW. Grove, Associate Dean, Professor ofLaw, andDirector, China Summer Program. A.B., Juniata College; J.D., George Washington University Law School. Frances Watson Hardy, Clinical Associate Professor ofLaw. B.S., Ball State University; J.D., Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis. John Lawrence Hill, Professor of Law. B.A., Northern Illinois University; J.D., Ph.D., Georgetown University. Lawrence A. Jegen, III, Thomas F. Sheehan Professor ofTax Law and Policy. A.B., Beloit College; J.D., M.B.A., The University of Michigan; LL.M., New York University School of Law. Henry C. Karlson, Professor ofLaw. A.B., J.D., LL.M., University of Illinois College of Law. Robert A. Katz, Associate Professor of Law. A.B., Harvard College; J.D., University of Chicago Law School. Linda Kelly-Hill, Professor ofLaw. B.A., J.D., University of Virginia. Eleanor D. Kinney, Hall Render Professor ofLaw and Co-Director ofthe Centerfor Law and Health. B.A., Duke University; M.A., University of Chicago; J.D., Duke University School of Law; M.P.H., University ofNorth Carolina. Andrew R. Klein, Paul E. Beam Professor of Law. B.A., University of Wisconsin; J.D., Emory University School of Law. Robert E. Lancaster, Clinical Associate Professor ofLaw. B.A., Millsaps College; J.D., Tulane Law School. NormanLefstein, Professor ofLaw andDean Emeritus. LL.B., University ofIllinois College of Law; LL.M., Georgetown University Law School. Maria Pabon Lopez, Assistant Professor of Law and Co-Director, Latin American Law Program. B.A., Princeton University; J.D., University ofPennsylvania Law School. GerajidN. Maguocca, Assistant Professor ofLaw. B.A., Stanford University; J.D., Yale Law School. Allison Martin, Clinical Associate Professor Law. B.S., J.D., University of Illinois. Deborah McGregor, Clinical Associate Professor ofLaw and Assistant Director ofLegal Analysis, Research and Communication. B.A., University of Evansville; J.D., Georgetown University Law School. SUSANAH M. Mead, Associate Dean andProfessor ofLaw. B.A., Smith College; J.D., Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis. Mary H. Mitchell, Professor ofLaw. A.B., Butler University; J.D., Cornell Law School. Novella Nedeff, Clinical Associate Professor ofLaw. B.A., J.D., Indiana University. James P. Nehf, Clean H. Foust Fellow, Professor of Law, and Director, European Law Program. B.A., Knox College; J.D., University of North Carolina Law School. David Orentlicher, Samuel R. Rosen I Professor ofLaw and Co-Director ofthe Centerfor Law and Health. A.B., Brandeis University; J.D., M.D., Harvard College. Joanne Orr, Clinical Associate Professor of Law. B.S., Indiana State University; J.D., California Western School of Law. Antony Page, Assistant Professor ofLaw. B. Comm., McGill University; M.B.A., Simon Fraser University; J.D., Stanford Law School. H. Kathleen Patchel, Associate Professor of Law. A.B., Huntington College; J.D., University ofNorth Carolina Law School; LL.M., Yale Law School. Florence Wagman Roisman, Michael D. McCormick I Professor ofLaw. B.A., University of Connecticut; LL.B., Harvard Law School. Joan M. Ruhtenberg, Clinical Professor ofLaw and Director ofLegal Analysis, Research and Communication. B.A., Mississippi University for Women; J.D., Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis. JoelM. Schumm, Clinical Assistant Professor ofLaw. B.A.,Ohio Wesleyan University; M.A., University of Cincinnati; J.D., Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis. Anthony A. Tarr, Dean and Professor of Law. B.A., LL.B., University of Natal; LL.M., Cambridge University; Ph.D., University of Canterbury; Ph.D., Cambridge University. James W. TORKE, Carl M. Gray Professor ofLaw. B.S., J.D., University of Wisconsin. Lawrence P. Wilkins, William R. Neale Professor ofLaw. B.A., The Ohio State University; J.D., Capital University Law School; LL.M., University of Texas School of Law. Lloyd T. Wilson, Jr., Associate Professor of Law. B.A., Wabash College; M.A., Duke University; J.D., Indiana University School of Law—Bloomington. Mary T. Wolf, Clinical Professor ofLaw and Director of Clinical Programs. B.A., Saint Xavier College; J.D., University of Iowa College of Law. R. George Wright, Michael D. McCormick 11 Professor ofLaw. A.B., University ofVirginia; Ph.D., Indiana University; J.D., Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis. Emeriti Edward P. Archer, Professor ofLaw Emeritus. B.M.E., Renesselaer Polytechnic Institute; J.D., LL.M., Georgetown University Law School. James F. Bailey, III, Professor of Law Emeritus. A.B., J.D., M.A.L.S., The University of Michigan. Agnes P. Barrett, Associate Professor ofLaw Emerita. B.S., J.D., Indiana University. Clyde Harrison Crockett, Professor of Law Emeritus. A.B., J.D., University of Texas; LL.M., University of London (The London School of Economics and Political Science). Debra a. Falender, Professor ofLaw Emerita. A.B., Mount Holyoke College; J.D., Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis. David A. Funk, Professor of Law Emeritus. A.B., College of Wooster; J.D., Case Western Reserve University School of Law; M.A., The Ohio State University; LL.M., Case Western Reserve University; LL.M., Columbia Law School. Paul J. Galanti, Professor of Law Emeritus. A.B., Bowdoin College; J.D., University of Chicago Law School. Helen P. Garfield, Professor of Law Emerita. B.S.J., Northwestern University; J.D., University of Colorado School of Law. Harold Greenberg, Professor ofLaw Emeritus. A.B., Temple University; J.D., University of Pennsylvania Law School. WlLLL\M F. Harvey, Carl M. Gray Professor ofLaw & Advocacy Emeritus. A.B., University of Missouri; J.D., LL.M., Georgetown University Law School. W. William Hodes, Professor of Law Emeritus, A.B., Harvard College; J.D., Rutgers University School of Law—^Newark. WiLLL\M Andrew Kerr, Professor of Law Emeritus. A.B., West University; B.S., Duke University; J.D., LL.M., Harvard Law School. Willl\mE. Marsh, Professor ofLaw Emeritus. B.S., J.D., University ofNebraska. Ronald W. Polston, Professor ofLaw Emeritus. B.S., Eastern Illinois University; LL.B., University of Illinois College of Law. Kenneth M. Stroud, Professor of Law Emeritus. A.B., J.D., Indiana University — Bloomington. James Patrick White, Professor ofLaw Emeritus. A.B., University of Iowa; J.D., LL.M., George Washington University Law School. Law Library Faculty Judith Ford Anspach, Professor ofLaw and Director, Ruth Lilly Law Library. B.S., M.L.S., Kent State University; J.D., Mississippi College School of Law. MaryHudson, Reference/Circulation Librarian. B.A., Ball State; M.L.S., Indiana University. Richard Humphrey, Reference Librarian. A.A., Brewton-Parker Junior College; B.A., Georgia Southwestern College; M.L.S., University of Kentucky. Wendell E. JOHNTING, Assistant Director for Technical Services. A.B., Taylor University; M.L.S., Indiana University. Chris E. Long, Catalog Librarian. B.A., Indiana University; M.A., Indiana University; M.L.S., Indiana University. MahnazK. MOSWFEGH,Acquisition/Serials Librarian. B.A., National University of Iran; M.S., Tehran University; M.A., Ball State University; M.L.S., Ph.D., Indiana University. MnuAMA. \s\\JKPW{, Associate Director ofLaw Library. B.A., Purdue University; J.D., M.L.S., Indiana University—Bloomington. KlYOSHl Otsu, Computer System Specialist. A.A., Parkland College; A.B., M.S., C.A.S., University of Illinois. Indiana Law Review Voiume 37 2004 Number 4 Copyright © 2004 by the Trustees of Indiana University TABLE OF CONTENTS TRIBUTE Tribute to Paul Galanti Gerald L Bepko 879 SURVEY I. Introduction Plu Ca Change: Indiana Judges and Salaries Randall T. Shepard 885 II. Supreme Court Review An Examination of the Indiana Supreme Court Docket, Dispositions, and Voting in 2003 Kevin W. Betz 891 Mark J. Crandley P. Jason Stephenson III. Appellate Procedure Appellate Procedure Douglas E. Cressler 907 IV. Constitutional Law Indiana Constitutional Developments Jon Laramore 929 V. Contract Law Recent Developments in Indiana Contract Law Timothy A. Ogden 975 VI. Criminal Law and Procedure Recent Developments in Indiana Criminal Law and Procedure JoelM.Schumm 1003 VII. Employment Law Survey of Employment Law Developments for Indiana Practitioners Alan L McLaughlin 1025 Teresa L Melton VIII. Environmental Law Environmental Law Developments: Hope and Ambiguity in Achieving the Optimum Environment George M.Plews 1055 Donna C. Maron IX. Evidence Recent Developments in Indiana Evidence Law JeffPapa 1093 X. Family Law Survey of Developments in Indiana Family Law Michael G. Ruppert 1 127 Paula J. Schaefer XL Health Care Law Survey of Recent Developments in Health Care Law John C. Render 1161 NealA. Cooper XIL Insurance Law Survey of Recent Developments in Insurance Law Richard K. Shoultz 1211 Sonia C. Das XIII. Intellectual Property Law Recent Developments in Intellectual Property Law Christopher A. Brown 1231 XIV. Product Liability Survey of Recent Developments in Product Liability Law Joseph R. Alberts 1247 Jason K. Bria XV. Professional Responsibility Survey of the Law of Professional Responsibility Charles M. Kidd 1291 XVI. Property Law "We Just Saw It from a Different Point of View": Recent Developments in Indiana Real Property Law Tanya D. Marsh 1307 XVII. Taxation Recent Developments in Indiana Taxation Lawrence A. Jegen, III 1 343 David J. Duncan XVin. Tort Law Recent Developments in Indiana Tort Law Marie Troendle Greer 1 409 Jodi L Silcox Volume 37 Number 4 Paul Galanti Tribute to Paul Galanti Gerald L. Bepko* In the fall term of 1972, the Indiana University School of Law family was still celebrating the 1970 opening of the new facility at 735 West New York Street. In that new facility the offices for faculty were distributed throughout the building in newly arranged suites of three. Each suite contained two faculty offices and one office in the middle for an assistant. As a new member of the faculty in 1972, 1 had the good fortune to be assigned to the suite of offices that already included our dear friend Paul Galanti. Paul and I became friends quickly in those beautiful late summer days on the second floor south hall ofthe new building. Paul and I talked about our common experiences living in Chicago. I grew up there; Paul grew up in New Jersey but went to Law School at the University of Chicago. We shared an affinity for the ever hapless Chicago Cubs, near north side Rush Street social life. Windy City politics still then dominated by the first Mayor Daly, and Chicago Daily News columnist Mike Royko whose columns were carefully clipped and packaged each month and sent to us by my mother who still lived in Chicago. All this laid the foundation for a bond of friendship that has grown stronger and stronger as the next thirty-one years flew by. I remember thinking that Paul had a near perfect preparation for a career in law. His father was a judge in New Jersey, and Paul attended the best schools—Choate, Bowdoin, and the University of Chicago Law School. Paul was not, however, influenced much by the Milton Friedman Chicago school of free market economics that later may have contributed to the rise of such luminary Chicago law faculty as Richard Epstein, Judge Frank Easterbrook, and Judge Richard Posner. In contrast, Paul left the University of Chicago as a Kennedy/Johnson liberal who found the Johnson administration to be less idealistic than suited his New England Democratic Party populism. As this tribute to Paul is written, former Vermont Governor Howard Dean is making a strong bid for the Democratic Party nomination for President. In his campaign Governor Dean has sounded a lot like Paul Galanti. After leaving the University ofChicago, Paul joined an excellent Chicago law firm (Ross Hardies) and began a corporate practice representing large corporate clients such as People's Gas Company. Paul probably was never comfortable in this type of silk-stocking, aristocratic law practice working to facilitate corporate reorganizations and protecting wealth from taxation. This was to the good fortune of Indiana University because it led to Paul's acceptance of an appointment here in 1 970, the year the law building on New York Street opened. Teaching business association courses made sense for Paul because of his experience at Ross Hardies and his instinct for questioning thejustice and societal utility of some ofthe norms ofthis field of law. His tendency to take the position * Indiana University-Purdue University—Indianapolis Chancellor Emeritus, Indiana University Trustee Professor and Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis. B.S., Northern Illinois University; J.D., ITT/Chicago-Kent College of Law; LL.M., Yale University. 880 INDIANA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 37:879 of the "little guy" in the analysis of corporate law matters gave students something special. Over the years Paul's students have understood law better because Paul provoked them with examples of the drama that unfolds when the interests of large organizations clash with those of ordinary people or when the interests of large organizations clash and cause collateral damage to ordinary people. His students became more adaptable and developed a more profound capacity for analysis because they were forced to think about underlying economic and social considerations. Also, after hearing Paul's repeated examination of the public interest, his students seemed more likely to become thoughtful and socially responsible members of the profession. Paul's contributions to student development were not confined to the classroom. In his first years on the faculty Paul pitched in and took on extra assignments such as faculty advisor to the Indiana Law Review. This was a very important role, since the Review had only begun publication a few years earlier. It was Paul's role not only to help establish a culture of excellence, but also to make certain that the culture and traditions were those of the students to be handed from one class of law review editors to the next. This is something Paul did with real dedication for eighteen years. To some considerable degree the excellence of the Indiana Law Review in which this tribute is published is based on Paul's devotion to the ideals ofa student managed educational process and his steadfastness as faculty advisor to the Review. In 1976 while we still shared the office suite, Paul underwent a round of serious surgery. Through his surgery and its aftermath, I came to understand Paul's tremendous courage. This also was a time when we got to know Paul's family better. We already knew Jean and sons Ben and Daniel, who were about the age of our children, but, through this difficult time, we met his father. Judge Benjamin Galanti, his sister, Benita and his mother, Rosalye. The intertwining of our families has brought us together in various ways on many occasions up to the present. Our spouses, both named Jean, have remained friends. A few years after Paul's surgery, while we were on sabbatical leave at Oxford, Jean, our children and I had dinner with Paul's sister Benita, her husband Ian and their son Adrian at their home in London. I remember with sadness when Judge Galanti died and I remember the feelings that Paul worked through in the wake of his death. Many years later, in the 1990s, Paul's mother moved from New Jersey into Hoosier Village, the same retirement home in Indianapolis to which my mother and stepfather had earlier moved from their home in Chicago. In the last days before Mrs. Galanti died at age 96, she and my mother sat at the same table for meals. The inevitable moments of sadness in life never interrupted for very long Paul's sense ofhumor—often selfeffacing—which has been a treasure ofthe law school. A favorite story about Paul involves his often taking extra time to post his grades. This was in the days when we did not have grade deadlines and Paul, like many of us, still reflected the traditions of law schools where grades were posted months after exams were administered. We were both in our offices in the second floor south suite with all the doors open. Paul's booming voice could be heard up and down the hall. As the weeks went by after exams, anyone nearby could hear Paul receive and respond to phone calls about grades. Some of these 2004] TRIBUTE TO PAUL GALANTI 881 calls were reminiscent ofthe classic Bob Newhart one-sided telephone humor of the early sixties. I would hear Paul answer the phone. He would say, "HELLO" with a touch ofannoyance in his voice. It was as ifhe knew who was calling. He was right. The conversation would continue, "No, they're not." (pause) "No!" (pause) "Yes, I know that." (pause) "EVENTUALLY!" (click) A prominent vehicle for Paul's playful wit is the letters he writes to various editors, including letters to the editors of Motor Trend and Auto Week reflecting his lifelong interest in automobiles. His interest in cars and politics came together when, in 1994, he wrote a letter to the Wall Street Journal HxXod "I have Indiana's most infuriating car." In the letter, he responds to a woman who complained about the way she is treated by drivers of cars who disagree with her conservative politics, apparently displayed on her car. Paul wrote: "She should come to Indiana. I have on my car two Clinton-Gore bumper stickers, an Earth Day sticker, and a sticker supporting the President's Health Care Proposal. On the front I have a license plate that reads DEMOCRAT, and my official license plate in the rear is DEMCRAT, since Indiana only allows seven letters on vanity plates." Then, Paul continued: "Have I ever gotten an obscene gesture from drivers ofcars with Republican/Conservative bumper stickers? She better believe it ... . Do I make comparable gestures to conservatives while driving?" "Well, for one thing," Paul lamented, "In Indiana that would mean driving with one hand all the time .... Actually, I'm just satisfied watching conservatives become apoplectic when they see my car." Paul's light-hearted moments and sense of humor were in vivid contrast to the serious side that he exhibited when there were substantive law school matters at stake. As relatively young faculty members, Paul and I were drawn into debates on a number of issues within the law school—issues that reflected sharp differences of opinion. Paul was always ready to hear the views of others, but when it came time to make a decision he was never afraid to express himself in the most direct way. On more than one occasion he exemplified the adage that there is a need to speak truth to authority, and the school's affairs were managed in a much more principled and effective fashion because of Paul's forthrightness and independence. I'm pleased to add that Paul and I usually found ourselves on the same side in these discussions, especially in the most important cases where fundamental directions and choices for the school were in play. Another interest we shared was running, although Paul didn't become a runner until he was about forty years old. I remember Paul's first efforts to run around Military Park and thinking it would take him a long time to keep up with those of us who were already runners. I also remember, only a year later, having great difficulty keeping up with Paul, and with Tom Reed, and how many times I was impressed with the excellent times Paul recorded in various races such as the Indianapolis Mini-Marathon. While our friendship continued throughout the ensuing years, it was at more of a distance beginning in 1981 when I became dean. Of course Paul regarded me differently when I joined the administration, making sure that I understood that our friendship would not guarantee Paul's support for anything but the best ideas for the school as he defined them. What Paul did not supply in unquestioning support, however, he did supply in productivity, and I was proud 882 INDIANA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 37:879 of Paul's academic work, which was maturing at about that time. His writing on the law ofcorporations culminated in the publication in 1991 ofthe four volumes on Business Associations in Indiana that are a part ofthe West Publishing Indiana Practice Series. While this Series is intended to serve Indiana lawyers and judges, many subjects, including Paul's treatment of business associations, are covered with a much broader scope and contain very high quality breadth and analysis. In 1982 Paul was appointed as a visiting professor at the University of Illinois College of Law—a role in which I had served five years earlier in 1977 and something I was pleased to recommend for Paul. And I was pleased to see Paul take an interest in the School's China Summer Program, which he headed up on four different occasions. Coupled with the spring term Paul spent in China as a visiting scholar in 1993, this work in China has made Paul into a law faculty member with a significant international and comparative law dimension. In 1998, in a not untypical turn ofthe seasons of faculty life, Paul's interests moved to the continuing development of the culture of our university and its faculty. In pursuit of this interest, Paul was elected Vice President of the lUPUI Faculty, which at the time was some 1 700 strong. The majority of those faculty are from the School of Medicine, which makes Paul's election, as a professor of law (the first member ofthe law faculty elected to this office), even more notable. Since I was Chancellor at the time, Paul and I came back to work closely together again, twenty-six years after sharing the office suite on the second floor south. Two years later, in 2000, as most of us expected, Paul proceeded through the chairs and was elected President of the lUPUI faculty, once again expanding the time and projects on which we were able to collaborate. Over the ensuing two years of Paul's presidency I thought many times about the cycles of life. Twenty- eight years earlier, as young faculty, we had spent a lot of time together seeking change, sometimes restlessly, and sometimes in a manner that was unsettling to older faculty, most of whom had already more than once been through what we thought was novel. Now Paul and I were together as leaders of the campus, trying to advance this wonderful university in a circumspect manner, probably to the frustration of some young faculty seeking change. These four years were poignant for me, as I suspect they were for Paul. He and I were bringing our service to the larger university to a close on nearly the same schedule. He concluded his term as Faculty Council President and retired at the end ofthe 200 1 -02 academic years. I retired from the administration at the end of the 2002-03 academic year. During these four years of renewed collegiality and friendship, I had the pleasure of seeing Paul employ the same courage, the same independence, the same willingness to stand up for what is right, the same friendly collegial approach and the same sense of humor that I admired thirty years earlier. His steady contributions as a teacher, his scholarship and his leadership have been very important to our School of Law, to all of lU, and particularly to this special campus in Indianapolis known as lUPUI. In the year 2000, the campus administration concluded that a part of the annual Chancellor's Honors Convocation should be devoted to a celebration of the history and remarkable values that have been the foundation for campus growth. We thought we should tap into institutional memory by having long- 2004] TRIBUTE TO PAUL GALANTI 883 serving retiring faculty members speak and reflect on the development of the campus. Each speaker is to be a person who is familiar with our origins, our traditions, our hopes and aspirations, and a person who has been a significant factor in building the network of collegiality, trust and friendship that has been such a significant factor in lUPUI's growth. In that first year (2000) the first speaker was Bob Holden, who was at that time retiring as Dean ofthe lU School of Medicine. In 2001 Paul Nagy spoke as a former Associate Dean of Faculties and the retiring chair of the Philosophy Department here at lUPUI. In 2002, the year in which he made his transition to retirement, the speaker was Paul J. Galanti. I had the pleasure ofparticipating in his selection for this role, extending the invitation to him, and introducing him to the assembled faculty, students, staff and alumni. It was an honor for me as the campus Chancellor be able to make that introduction of Paul highlighting the importance of our friendship, long association, and his many contributions to our academic success, and it has been an honor for me to write this tribute to him. He is one of those stalwart colleagues who helped build and sustain a great university, and I know I speak for many when I say that I am pleased and proud to be his friend and colleague. I