Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 1 (2), 124-133 124 Volume 1 Issue 2 June (2021) DOI: 10.47540/ijias.v1i2.195 Page: 124 – 133 Sustainability Implementation of UI Green Metric World University Rankings Energy & Climate Change (EC) Indicators: A Case Study of MUET Gymnasium Fitness Facility Arsal Mehmood1, Toussef Ali Shahani2, Murtaza Ali Khuharo3 1,2,3Department of Electrical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Sindh, Pakistan Corresponding Author: Arsal Mehmood; Email: f16el74@students.muet.edu.pk A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Keywords: Carbon Dioxide, Renewable Energy Source, Sustainability, Techno- Economic Analysis. Received : 15 March 2021 Revised : 05 June 2021 Accepted : 11 June 2021 Mehran University of Engineering & Technology is a public university established in 1973. Wit seventeen faculties of multi-disciplines and having more than 7,500 students, MUET has made lots of achievements. In 2019, MUET is ranked 271 in the world, 2nd in Pakistan, 1st in Sindh Province, and slotted 275th in terms of Energy and Climate change (EC) indicators implementations on Sustainable development by UI GreenMetric World University Rankings. UI GreenMetric is a sustainability- based ranking whose aim is to provide rankings of universities all over the world based on their efforts for the implementation of pre-define indicator criteria. One of the criteria for this ranking is the Energy and Climate change (EC) indicator which had a most 21 percent weightage. In this review, this paper presents a detailed analysis for the implementation of EC indicators of UI GreenMetric World University Rankings to reduce carbon dioxide footprints and maintain sustainability at MUET gymnasium fitness facility. In this mechanism, an Energy Efficient Flywheel-Based KERS (Kinetic Energy Recovery System) Bicycle Generator is designed and developed. Additionally, a techno-economic (Energy, Cost and Co2 emission saving) beneficial analysis of generators with their usage as a free renewable energy source to overcome luminosity demand of MUET gymnasium fitness facility by an efficient LED lighting system and their relative relation with the EC indicator implementation is also discussed. INTRODUCTION Pakistan is the fifth most populous country in the world. Electricity is the basic need of human life. With the growing population, the need for renewable electrical power and its usage is also increasing day by day. Every year the consumption rate of electricity is increasing globally, but in Pakistan, the production rate is not growing sufficiently which consequently resulted in load shedding and an increase in electricity price levels. Besides, fossil fuel cost is increasing day by day as well as government is also taking steps to make use of renewable sources. Today climate change is the biggest threat we faced. So, now it is time to gives attention to generating power through renewable energy sources, instead of conventional energy sources (Pangaribuan, 2018). According to National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) annual report 2018-2019. Figure 1 Show the total energy division of Pakistan in Mega Watt from the different energy source. From the below figure it is observed that most of the electricity in Pakistan is generated from thermal energy sources and we know that thermal sources are responsible for global warming and climate change (Shenoy, 2018). INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND APPLIED SCIENCES (IJIAS) Journal Homepage: https://ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/ijias ISSN: 2775-4162 (Online) Research Article mailto:f16el74@students.muet.edu.pk https://ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/ijias http://issn.pdii.lipi.go.id/issn.cgi?daftar&1587190067&1&&2020 Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 1 (2), 124-133 125 Figure 1. Represents Overall Installed Capacity of Pakistan. Figure 2. Represents Overall Installed Capacity of Pakistan. Figure 2 shows the main one of the main elements that Pakistan is listed in the Global Long- term Climate Risk Index (CRI) top 10 countries (Megalingam, 2012). In Paris Agreement 2015, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UFCCC) presents the idea that developing countries needed to utilize environmentally friendly technologies to contribute to reducing emissions and prevent the world from global warming (United Nations Climate Change Conference, 2015). For that we need to focus on finding alternative renewable energy power plants, especially environmentally green and eco-friendly (F. S. Prabowo, 2018). One type of an environmentally friendly clean and green energy power plant is an off-grid eco-friendly flywheel fitness exercise static KERS bicycle generator (Chalermthai, 2015). The human body can produce a significant amount of energy and Human muscle activity has the potential to produce power that can be used for low power applications especially lighting load applications. The use of exercise equipment for green energy sources would be an exciting experience for participants as well as it provides a means to generate power along with cycling Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 1 (2), 124-133 126 exercise (Megalingam, Pedal Power Generation, 2015). Flywheel-Based KERS Bicycle Generator can tap human energy to produce electricity quickly and efficiently. The primary function of the flywheel is to works as an energy accumulator and to reduce the fluctuation in speed. It absorbs the energy when demand is less and releases the same when it is required, which is the technical and engineering aspect of harvesting energy (Uddin, 2015). This flywheel technology inherits many advantages that are environmentally friendly and has low maintenance, long life with no degradation. That is why even NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Glenn Research center has employed Flywheel energy storage systems for over three decades (Suhalka, 2014). The objective of this research is to develop a practical prototype of an OFF-Grid Green Harvesting Bicycle Generator with a highly efficient flywheel energy storage system, which could act as well as an OFF-Grid Battery Charging System. This model will be proposed as a technological solution to minimize and to overcome the lighting load demand dependency of MUET Gymnasium on Water & Power Development Authority (WAPDA) and it will be suggesting as a proposal for the implementation of UI Green Metric (UIGM), Energy and Climate Change (EC) indicators (Zaman, 2017). Figure 3 Represents Energy and Climate Change Indicator of Universitas Indonesia Green Metric World University Ranking. Figure 4 Represents Criteria and Indicators of Universitas Indonesia Green Metric World University Ranking (UI Green Metric) According to the Ranking released by Universitas Indonesia Green Metric in 2019, MUET is 271st Worldwide, 2nd in all over Pakistan while 1st in Sindh Province University rankings. Although, in terms of implementing Energy and Climate Indicators of UIGM they listed MUET 275th best globally. Figure 5. Represents Global Ranking of Mehran University of Engineering & Technology in Green Metric World University(UI GreenMetric, 2019) Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 1 (2), 124-133 127 Figure 6 Represents Global Ranking of Mehran University of Engineering & Technology in Green Metric World University for the Implementation of Energy and Climate Change Indicators (UI GreenMetric, 2019). Our proposed mechanism is beneficial in maintaining sustainability and improving global ranking through the implementation of EC indicators. Alternatively, this research also gives a comparative analysis of the present less efficient 60 Watts tube light Lighting System with the highly efficient 6 Watts LED lighting System in terms of Electrical Energy Unit Consumption Saving, its Cost Saving, and its related Green House Gases (GHG) emission saving. METHODS In human life, electricity is the basic requirement. Every year electricity consumption is increasing by 10% but when there is no simultaneous increase in production, and then the consequences resulted in the form of increased electricity prices and load shedding. Alongside the availability of fossil fuels is getting reduced. In this case study, we have proposed the general technique to produce electricity from mechanical energy. The concept of this study is to use the wasted kinetic energy in the gymnasium while work out to produce electricity. Figure 7. Research Methodology Framework. Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 1 (2), 124-133 128 Table 1. Research Flow Diagram Data Collection & Surveys In this review, a survey is performed for the data collection from MUET Gymnasium fitness facility. The questionnaire method is used for the determination of GYM operating hours, Operating sessions, Power ratings present appliances, Overall load demand, Lighting load demand in the respective sessions, Quantity of luminosity appliances, Frequency of peoples in the respective sessions, and their equipment’s of concern. Table 2. Data collection from Gymnasium fitness facility Table 3. Represents operating hours of Gymnasium. Table 4. Represents load demand of fitness facility. Data Analysis The results of the collected data analysis are as follows: Table 5. Represents classifications of PMDC Generators with present and proposed lighting capacity. Pedaling • It converts Potential Energy to Variable Mechanical Energy and this V.M.E is converted to Variable Rotational Energy (V.R.E) or Variable Kinetic Energy (V.K.E) Flywheel • A flywheel is a heavy rotating body which acts as a reservior of energy. • It stores V.K.E and convert to constant and fluctuation free K.E or R.E. Generator • Converts Constant Rotational Energy(C.R.E) of flywheel to Electrical Energy. Charge Controller • A Charge controller limits the rate at which electronic current is added or drawn from electric battery. It prevents overcharging and may protect against overvoltage. Battery • Store Electrical Energy in the form of chemical Energy. 6 W LED • Series connected 6 Watts LED to overcomes the luminosty demends of MUET Gymnasium under operating sessions. Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 1 (2), 124-133 129 System Designing Design of the proposed system is given by: Figure 8. Represents Proposed System Design with 250W PMDC, 24 V battery, Charge Controller, Switches and Series connected 6W 40 LED (1st session 15 LED + 2ND session 25 LED) fitness facility through Frizing Software. Prototype Internal Mechanism Figure 9. Represents prototype model internal mechanism. Hardware Model Components Confurigation The below figure represents the basic configuration of the “Off-Grid Green Energy Harvesting (EH) Flywheel Based Bicycle Generator” with specialized and unique flywheel energy accumulation technology integration. Figure 10. Represents Hardware model of an Off-Grid Eco-friendly Green Energy Harvesting (EH) Flywheel Based Bicycle Generator. Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 1 (2), 124-133 130 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The main objective of this prototype development research is to initiate a self-sufficient gymnasium phenomenon that can sustain its all- lighting load by the utilization of waste mechanical energy during workout and convert it down into electrical energy. This project presents an economical and technological solution of load shedding and as well as it could serve as a backup energy resource or uninterruptable power supply (UPS) by using the battery. Additionally, power production by the flywheel-based bicycle generator provides us an opportunity to minimize atmospheric pollution which is nowadays a government policy. A flywheel-based bicycle generator is very cheap. Since we know that cost of fossil fuel is increasing day by day and this project is not depending on those. It serves dual purposes benefits simultaneously. Firstly, physical fitness through exercise of muscles, and legs. Secondly, green, and eco-friendly power generation through those healthy activities at the same time. Calculations for Energy Saving The initial result of the study for energy-saving and its cost-saving is given by the formula as: C = A – B(1) A= (1st session operating hours × Sum of 60 W connected load operates in 1st session) + (2nd session operating hours ×Sum of 60 W connected load operates in 2nd session) B= (1st session operating hours × Sum of 6 W connected load operates in 1st session) + (2ND session operating hours × Sum of 6 W connected load operates in 2ND session) Figure 11. Represents60 W Tube light Lightening System Load Consume (A). Figure 12. Represents6 W LED Lightening System Load Consume (B). Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 1 (2), 124-133 131 Figure 13. Energy Consumption Saving by using 6 W LED System C = (A-B). Table 6. Represents Initial Results of the Study for Energy Saving. Calculations for Cost Saving Cost Saving D, 𝐃 = 𝐂 × 𝛄 (Error! Bookmark not defined.) C = Energy unit saving (daily/weekly/monthly) 𝛾 = Cost Per Price of a single unit of Energy Figure 14. Represents Cost Saving (1 Unit = 18 Rupees in Pakistan) Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 1 (2), 124-133 132 Table 5. Represents Initial Results of the Study for Cost Saving Calculations for Co2 Emission Saving Primary electricity production in Pakistan from thermal (oil, natural gas, etc.) as shown in Figure1, and 1KWH = 0.001MWH Since, Energy produces in this proposed “Off-Grid Eco- Friendly bicycle generator” is 100% green. So, there is no Co2 emission. Therefore, The amount of Co2 Emission saving through a proposed idea as compared to 60 W tube light system is given by the formula as: CO2 Emission Saving = Energy consumes while 60W system operates in KWH ×CO2 Emission factor for solar, wind, or other sources × 0.001 MWH per KWH. The CO2 Factor for wind and solar is 0.600-ton Co2 per Megawatt-hours. While its value for other sources is 0.501-ton Co2 per Megawatt-hours according to the Asian Development Bank (Asian Development Bank, 2017). Figure 15. Represents Carbon Dioxide CO2 Emissions. Figure 16. Represents CO2 Emission in 6 W LED System for Wind and Solar Emission Factor=0.600tCO2 per MWH (Wind & Solar). Table 6. Represents Initial Results of the Study for Co2 Emission Saving Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 1 (2), 124-133 133 Table 8. Represents Overall Results. CONCLUSION In 2017, there were more than 201 thousand fitness and health clubs worldwide. Along with solar and wind source. We need to focus on some other alternative source of energy. As the population is increasing drastically. So, need to utilize those sources as a source of opportunity, as they can work as small power plants for energy. Pakistanis are facing an electricity crisis whereas higher electricity tariffs are another burden for the consumers. Higher Education Commission of Pakistan provides students’ academic as well as some extra-curriculum opportunities for the grooming of generation. However, they fetch funding from Government. Mehran University has a gymnasium fitness facility where enough electricity is consumed which could be met through a unique and innovative alternative energy generation prospective to save energy, cost, Green House Gas (GHG)Emission by the implementation of UIGM Energy & Climate indicators through a feasibility analysis approach. REFERENCES 1. International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC). 2. Megalingam, R. K. (2012). 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