Indonesian Journal of Learning and Instruction 
Volume 2, Issue 1, April 2019 

p-ISSN 2614-8250, e-ISSN 2614-5677 
https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/IJLI 

 

27 
 

AN INFLUENCE OF AEROBIC ACTIVITIES ON SPECIAL 

ENDURANCE OF STUDENTS IN GROUPS WITH A SPORTS 

ORIENTATION (SECTIONAL ACTIVITIES) OF PING-PONG 
 

Grinko Vitaliy 
Kharkiv Institute of Finance of Kyiv, National University of Trade and Economics,  

Kharkiv, Ukraine 

E-mail: vngrinko78@gmail.com 

 
APA Citation: Vitaliy, G. (2019). An influence of aerobic activities on special endurance of students 

in groups with a sports orientation (sectional activities) of ping-pong. Indonesian 

Journal of Learning and Instruction, 2(1), 27-34. doi: 10.25134/ijli.v2i01.1681. 

 
Received: 28-12-2018               Accepted: 22-02-2019                    Published: 01-04-2019 

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study is experimentally to reveal the influence on the special 

endurance of aerobic activities (cross training and basic aerobics), which are included in the 

program of higher educational institutions of groups with sports orientation (sectional classes) 
Ping-Pong, and to explore the need to include these classes in the curriculum for physical 

education. The methods use analysis and generalization of literary sources, pedagogical 

observation, pedagogical experiment, modeling. In the experiment, 106 first-year students took 
part: 53 is control group and 53 is experimental. The result of this study is technique of revealing 

the influence of aerobic training on the special endurance of students of groups with a sports 

orientation is tested; the effectiveness of the experimental technique of training for increasing 

special endurance was developed and proved. So, it can be concluded that at this stage of the 
experiment, the effectiveness of the program was substantiated and proved with the inclusion of 

aerobic activities (cross training and basic aerobic elements) in the training groups on sporting 

orientation (sectional classes) Ping-Pong.   
Keywords: aerobic classes; basic aerobics; cross training; sectional classes; simulated data; 

special endurance. 

 

 

INTRODUCTION 

The problem of increasing the effectiveness 

of physical education of student youth has 

been and is most significant in recent times. 

In theory and in practice, the issues of 

differentiation, individualization and 

profiling of education, the integration of the 

content of education, the ideas of 

optimization and modernization of the 

educational system were actively developed 

(Kudelko, Shcherbina, & Pavlenko, 2003). 

According to Kudelko and Korolinska 

(2006), it is necessary to abandon rigid 

normativeness, obligatory and 

authoritarianism, adjusting to the standard set 

from outside, to form an interested attitude of 

the student to the subject, to arouse interest in 

the possibility of building a healthy body, 

forming one's own health. All this indicates 

the need to find new ways to improve the 

physical, mental and moral state of student 

youth (Plowman & Smith, 2011).  

In our previous research on the results 

of the survey, students assessed the 

importance of developing physical qualities 

as follows: 1) endurance; 2) strength; 3) 

dexterity; 4) flexibility; 5) coordination; and 

6) speed. Meanwhile, Grinko (2015) states 

that their own level of physical readiness was 

estimated as follows: 1) strength; 2) 

coordination; 3) speed; 4) flexibility; 5) 

dexterity; and 6) endurance. These facts 

show that students understand the important 

influence of endurance and its importance in 

solving the tasks of preparation for work, and 

they realize that it is this physical quality that 

most of them develop worse (Grinko, 2015; 

Kudelko & Korolinska, 2006).  

mailto:vngrinko78@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.25134/ijli.v2i01.1681


Grinko Vitaliy 
An influence of aerobic activities on special endurance of students in groups with a sports orientation 

(sectional activities) of ping-pong 

28 
 

Issues of improving the physical 

preparation of students in recent years have 

been considered in the works of a large 

number of researchers (Grinko, 2015; 

Kudelko, 2004). There are a lot of works 

where such physical quality as endurance is 

studied, but there are not enough works to 

improve special endurance in groups with a 

sports orientation (sectional classes), in 

particular Ping-Pong.  

A work to improve the special 

endurance means of cross training and with 

the help of basic aerobics in groups with a 

sports focus (sectional classes) in recent 

years generally does not occur. Based on this, 

we have developed and justified a program 

based on cross training and elements of basic 

aerobics for groups with a sports orientation 

(sectional classes) Ping-Pong (Grinko, 2015; 

Kudelko, 2004), which should significantly 

improve physical quality such as special 

endurance. 

The purpose of the research is 

experimentally to reveal the influence on the 

special endurance of aerobic activities (cross 

training and basic aerobics), which are 

included in the program of higher 

educational institutions of groups with sports 

orientation (sectional classes) Ping-Pong, and 

to explore the need to include these classes in 

the curriculum for physical education. 

 

METHOD 

The method of this study are analysis and 

generalization of literary sources, 

pedagogical observation, pedagogical 

experiment, modeling. In the experiment, 

106 first-year students participated consist 

of 53 is control group and 53 is 

experimental. The research was carried out 

on the basis of the Simon Kuznets Kharkiv 

National University of Economics and 

Kharkov Institute of Finance of Kiev 

National Trade and Economic University. 

To test the hypothesis, the first stage was: 

studied the level of physical preparedness 

of students; developed and justified the 

program of physical training for students of 

groups with a sports orientation (sectional 

classes) Ping-Pong. 

On the second stage: a comparative 

pedagogical experiment was conducted to 

check the effectiveness of the developed 

program. The experiment was conducted 

during the academic year from October 

2015 to June 2016. Students of the control 

group were engaged in the program of a 

higher educational institution for groups 

with a sports orientation (sectional classes) 

Ping-Pong, and students of the 

experimental group on the program 

developed by us to increase the level of 

special endurance, which combines a 

program for special sports training (Ping-

Pong – 75%) and aerobic exercise (cross 

training and elements of basic aerobics – 

25%). The program was based on the 

program of the higher educational 

institution for groups with a sports 

orientation (sectional classes) Ping-Pong 

and included in it for every fourth session 

– aerobic exercise (cross training and basic 

aerobics). By the middle of December, 

while weather conditions allowed, the 

students of the experimental group each 

fourth session were engaged in cross-

training in the open air, then moved to the 

hall where, in the experiment, they 

continued to engage in every fourth session 

already with basic aerobics, and at the end 

of March they again took to fresh air, 

where they continued to study every fourth 

session by cross training. 

Kudelko (2004) said that at the 

beginning and at the end of the experiment, 

Ping-Pong competitions were held in the 

control and experimental groups, as 

checking the level of endurance in game 

sports, in particular in table tennis, is better 

manifested in competitive conditions (each 

pair played five games, in each batch was 

considered the number of mistakes made). 

To check the level of special 

endurance at the beginning and at the end 

of the experiment, statistical and 

comparative analyzes of the experimental 

and control group data were made to find 

out how aerobic activities (cross training 

and basic aerobics) affected the level of 

special endurance. For this, Ashanin and 



Indonesian Journal of Learning and Instruction 
Volume 2, Issue 1, April 2019 

p-ISSN 2614-8250, e-ISSN 2614-5677 
https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/IJLI 

 

29 
 

х 

Pyatisotskaya (2016) suggested that the 

pairwise regression model was used F – 

Fisher and t – Student criteria were 

analyzed for the linear regression equation 

(Novikova, 2011; Peters, 1991), linear 

coefficients of pair correlation, 

determination and average error of 

approximation were calculated 

(Dubnytskyi, 2011; Mandelbrot, 2004), 

estimated statistical significance of 

regression and correlation parameters 

(Lemeshko & Pomadin, 2002; Weerahandi, 

1995), residual dispersion is determined, 

confidence intervals are calculated 

(Nayman, 2009). 

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

As a result of using the pair regression 

method, such equations were found for the 

experimental group at the beginning of the 

experiment on October 2018. Calculation 

of the parameters of the linear regression 

equation for the experimental group at the 

beginning of the experiment is presented in 

the calculation table 1. 

We find estimates of the parameters of 

the regression equation: 

 

 

 

We obtain the regression equation:  

ŷx =a+bx. 

On this basis, we see that with an 

increase in the number of games played by 

at least one, the average number of errors 

increases on average by 0,73: 

ŷ1=3,55+0,73∙1=4,28; 

 

Table 1. Calculation of the parameters of the linear regression equation for the 

experimental group at the beginning of the experiment (October) 

№ i/o Х Y ху̂  хуу ˆ  

1 1 4,24 4,28 -0,04 

2 2 5,0 5,01 -0,01 

3 3 5,9 5,74 0,16 

4 4 6,49 6,47 0,02 
5 5 7,09 7,2 -0,11 

Total 15 28,72 28,7 0,02 

Average 3 5,74 5,74 0,004 

 

Here and below: Х – set number, Y – 

number of errors, ŷх, у–ŷх – additional 

values for finding linear regression 

parameters. 

ŷ1 =3,55+0,73*1=4,28; 

ŷ2=3,55+0,73∙2=5,01;  

ŷ3=3,55+0,73∙3=5,74; 

ŷ4=3,55+0,73∙4=6,47; 

ŷ5=3,55+0,73∙5=7,2. 

The tightness of the linear connection is estimated by the correlation coefficient: 

 

 

 

 

 

Since the value of the correlation 

coefficient is greater than 0.9, there is a 

fairly close linear relationship between the 

number of played set and the number of 



Grinko Vitaliy 
An influence of aerobic activities on special endurance of students in groups with a sports orientation 

(sectional activities) of ping-pong 

30 
 

errors committed. We find the coefficient 

of determination:  

This means that 98% of the variation 

in the errors (y) is due to the variation of the 

factor x – the number of played sets. 

Having the regression equations 

ŷх=5,74+0,73∙x, t is possible to predict the 

number of errors for the sixth sets: 

ŷ6=5,74+0,73∙6=7,93. 

As can be seen from the equation, the 

error for the sixth set will increase slightly, 

but the calculation error does not exceed 

10%. The calculation of the parameters of 

the linear regression equation for the 

experimental group at the end of the 

experiment on May 2018 is presented in the 

calculation table 2. 

 

Table 2. Calculation of the parameters of the linear regression equation for the experimental 

group at the end of the experiment (May) 

№ i/o Х Y   

1 1 4,02 4,1 -0,08 

2 2 4,45 4,4 0,05 

3 3 4,81 4,7 0,1 

4 4 5,04 5 0,04 

5 5 5,19 5,3 -0,11 

Total 15 23,51 23,5 0 

Average 3 4,7 4,7 - 

 

Here and below: Х – set number, Y – 

number of errors, ŷх, у–ŷх – additional 

values for finding linear regression 

parameters. 

Thus, having the regression equation 

ŷх=3,8+0,3∙x, we can predict the number 

of errors for the sixth set: 

ŷ6=3,8+0,3∙6=5,6. 

As can be seen from the equation, the 

error for the sixth set will increase slightly, 

but the calculation error does not exceed 

10%. 

After statistical processing of the data, 

let us make a comparative analysis of the 

numerical data of the experimental group 

for October and May in the figure 1.

 

 

 
Figure 1. Comparative analysis of the numerical data of the experimental group when playing 

table tennis in October and May: yж – data for October, yт – data for May 

 

As we see, the numerical data of the 

experimental group at the end of the 

experiment have a significant improvement: 

during the first set by 0,22; during the second 

х
у̂

х
уу ˆ

4.24
5.00

5.90
6.49

7.09
7,93

4.02
4.45

4.81 5.04 5.19

5,60

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

1 2 3 4 5 6

N
u

m
b

e
r 

o
f 

m
is

ta
k
e
s

Number of set

yж

yт



Indonesian Journal of Learning and Instruction 
Volume 2, Issue 1, April 2019 

p-ISSN 2614-8250, e-ISSN 2614-5677 
https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/IJLI 

 

31 
 

by 0,55; during the third by 1,09; during the 

fourth by 1,02; during the fifth by 1,9; with a 

projected sixth set of 2,33. The level of 

reliability of the model is high, since the 

average error of approximation does not 

exceed 5% (in October, A=1,14%, and in 

May A=1,66%). 

Calculation of the parameters of the 

linear regression equation for the control 

group at the beginning of the experiment on 

October 2018 is presented in the calculation 

table 3. 

 

Table 3. Calculation of the parameters of the linear regression equation for the control group 

at the beginning of the experiment (October) 

№ i/o Х Y ху̂  хуу ˆ  

1 1 4,25 4,3 -0,05 

2 2 5,11 5,02 -0,09 

3 3 5,79 5,74 0,05 

4 4 6,42 6,46 -0,04 

5 5 7,15 7,18 -0,03 

Total 15 28,72 28,7 0,02 
Average 3 5,74 5,74 0,004 

 

Thus, having the regression equation 

ŷх=3,58+0,72∙x, we can predict the 

number of errors for the sixth set: 

ŷ6=3,58+0,72∙6=7,9. 

As can be seen from the equation, the 

error for the sixth set will increase slightly, 

but the calculation error does not exceed 

10%. 

Calculation of the parameters of the 

linear regression equa tion for the control 

group at the end of the experiment on May 

2018 is presented in the calculation table 4. 

 

Table 4. Calculation of the parameters of the linear regression equation for the control 

group at the end of the experiment (May) 

№ i/o Х Y ху̂  хуу ˆ  

1 1 3,94 3,99 -0,05 

2 2 4,43 4,44 -0,01 

3 3 4,94 4,9 0,04 

4 4 5,4 5,36 0,04 

5 5 5,79 5,82 -0,03 

Total 15 24,5 24,51 -0,01 

Average 3 4,9 4,9 - 

 

Thus, having the regression equation 

ŷх=3,52+0,46∙x, we can predict the number 

of errors for the sixth set: 

ŷ6=3,52+0,46∙6=6,28. 

As can be seen from the equation, the 

error for the sixth set will increase slightly, 

but the calculation error does not exceed 

10%. 

After statistical processing of the data, 

let us make a comparative analysis of the 

numerical data of the experimental group 

for October and May in the figure 2. 

 



Grinko Vitaliy 
An influence of aerobic activities on special endurance of students in groups with a sports orientation 

(sectional activities) of ping-pong 

32 
 

 
Figure 2. Comparative analysis of the numerical data of the control group when playing table 

tennis in October and May: yж – data for October, ym – data for May 

 

As we see, the numerical data of the 

experimental group at the end of the 

experiment have a significant 

improvement: during the first set by 0,31; 

during the second by 0,68; during the third 

by 0,85; during the fourth by 1,02; during 

the fifth by 1,36; with a projected sixth set 

of 1,62. The level of reliability of the 

model is high, since the average error of 

approximation does not exceed 5% (in 

October А=0,97%, and in May А=0,71%). 

Thus, for the first time: the 

effectiveness of a methodological approach 

to the development of a physical education 

program for students of groups with a 

sports orientation, combining the 

conventional means of developing physical 

qualities with an emphasis on special 

endurance; justified the program of 

physical education for students of groups 

with a sports orientation (sectional classes) 

Ping-Pong with the inclusion of aerobic 

activities (cross training and basic 

aerobics). Obtained results supplement 

scientific data on aerobic occupations and 

their influence on special endurance 

(Kudelko, 2004; Mardia & Zemroch, 1984; 

Grinko, et al., 2017). 

These results confirm the opinion that 

in the correct ratio of the physical fitness 

classes for students of groups with a sports 

orientation (sectional classes) and the 

inclusion of aerobic activities (cross training 

and basic aerobics), the special endurance of 

students can be significantly improved 

(Grinko, Kudelko, & Hlotov, 2017). 

 

CONCLUSION 

An overall analysis, it can be concluded that 

analysis of literature sources showed that the 

problem of studying the influence of aerobic 

exercises for improving special endurance in 

groups with a sports orientation (sectional 

classes) Ping-Pong is not sufficiently studied. 

At this stage of the experiment it was proved 

that the inclusion of aerobic Ping-Pong (cross 

training and elements of basic aerobics) in 

the experimental group included in the 

training program on sporting orientation 

(sectional classes) significantly influenced 

the special endurance of the students than 

those engaged in the ordinary program 

(control group). Program on physical 

education on the basis of cross training and 

elements of basic aerobics for groups with a 

sport orientation (sectional classes) Ping-

Pong has been developed and justified, which 

essentially improves such physical quality as 

special endurance. With the improvement of 

special endurance, mobility and reaction rate 

improved. 

 

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4.25
5.11

5.79
6.42

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7.90

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0.00

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1 2 3 4 5 6

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Indonesian Journal of Learning and Instruction 
Volume 2, Issue 1, April 2019 

p-ISSN 2614-8250, e-ISSN 2614-5677 
https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/IJLI 

 

33 
 

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An influence of aerobic activities on special endurance of students in groups with a sports orientation 

(sectional activities) of ping-pong 

34