# bib

id: cord-255946-bcuivyku
author: Kulkarni, Prashanth
title: Covid‐19 and Namaste
date: 2020-04-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 222
sentence: 9
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-255946-bcuivyku.txt
txt: txt/cord-255946-bcuivyku.txt
summary:
  Alternatively, other non-physical greeting forms can be explored like Namaste, which is used in Indian subcontinent since hundreds of years to greet people with folded hands, while maintaining a fair distance from each other [ Figure 1 ]. In addition to following general principles of meticulous hand washing, rapid transmission of infections both in hospitals and the community can be overcome by adopting the no-touch salutation Namaste and other such forms like bowing the head as done in some Asian countries.


id: cord-304473-6aivjett
author: Tenforde, Mark W.
date: 2020-08-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 477
sentence: 17
flesch: 25
cache: cache/cord-304473-6aivjett.txt
txt: txt/cord-304473-6aivjett.txt
title:
  Exposures in adult outpatients with COVID‐19 infection during early community transmission, Tennessee

summary:
  Exposures in adult outpatients with COVID-19 infection during early community transmission key: cord-304473-6aivjett authors: Tenforde, Mark W.; Feldstein, Leora R.; Lindsell, Christopher J.; Patel, Manish M.; Self, Wesley H. title: Exposures in adult outpatients with COVID‐19 infection during early community transmission, Tennessee date: 2020-08-04 journal:


id: cord-268105-617qcgpe
author: Refaey, Samir
date: 2016-11-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 871
sentence: 34
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-268105-617qcgpe.txt
txt: txt/cord-268105-617qcgpe.txt
title:
  Cross‐sectional survey and surveillance for influenza viruses and MERS‐CoV among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj during 2012‐2015

summary:
  key: cord-268105-617qcgpe authors: Refaey, Samir; Amin, Marwa Mohamed; Roguski, Katherine; Azziz‐Baumgartner, Eduardo; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Labib, Manal; Kandeel, Amr title: Cross‐sectional survey and surveillance for influenza viruses and MERS‐CoV among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj during 2012‐2015 date: 2016-11-11 journal: The purpose of this study was to estimate influenza virus and MERS‐CoV prevalence among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj.


id: cord-304569-o39kl5k4
author: Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S
title: From the Editor's desk
date: 2015-04-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1211
sentence: 41
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-304569-o39kl5k4.txt
txt: txt/cord-304569-o39kl5k4.txt
summary:
  Effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in reducing mortality in patients admitted to hospital with influenza A H1N1pdm09 virus infection: a meta-analysis of individual participant data Oseltamivir for influenza in adults and children: systematic review of clinical study reports and summary of regulatory comments Oseltamivir treatment for influenza in adults: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials Effectiveness of H1N1 vaccine for the prevention of pandemic influenza in Scotland, UK: a retrospective observational cohort study Effects of vaccine program against pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus, United States Pandemic influenza viruses--hoping for the road not taken Avian influenza A H10N8--a virus on the verge? Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus MERS-CoV outbreak in Jeddah -a link to health care facilities Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Transmission of MERScoronavirus in household contacts High frequency of enterovirus D68 in children hospitalised with respiratory illness in Norway Low effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2014/15 mid-season results Excess mortality among the elderly in European countries Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement In amongst this mix are real issues pertaining to the ongoing controversy about the effectiveness of antiviral drugs, [1] [2] [3] ; and the fact that current vaccine manufacturing platforms can only offer commercial quantities of pandemic vaccine some four to 6 months after a novel virus has emerged, thus substantially reducing the overall public health benefits, even though vaccines themselves are effective.


id: cord-273620-gn8g6suq
author: Szczawinska‐Poplonyk, Aleksandra
date: 2012-11-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1452
sentence: 51
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-273620-gn8g6suq.txt
txt: txt/cord-273620-gn8g6suq.txt
title:
  Fatal respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus infection in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency

summary:
  However, it is worth noting that coronavirus respiratory infections have not been described in children with genetically determined immunodeficiencies thus far and this is the first report of a documented HCoV-HKU1-related pneumonia with the RDS in a child with SCID. In this report we present the case of a child with delayed-onset SCID and fatal respiratory coronavirus infection.


id: cord-292946-iggv9f0k
author: Principi, Nicola
title: Influenza C virus–associated community‐acquired pneumonia in children
date: 2012-12-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1786
sentence: 72
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-292946-iggv9f0k.txt
txt: txt/cord-292946-iggv9f0k.txt
summary:
  Clinical features of influenza C virus infection in children Influenza C virus infection in children Influenza C virus surveillance during the first influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic wave in Catalonia, Spain World Health Organization, Pneumonia Vaccine Trial Investigators' Group. Despite its widespread circulation, influenza C virus (ICV) is traditionally considered a scarcely virulent infectious agent because, unlike influenza A (IAV) and B viruses (IBV), it is thought to be associated with infections that, when symptomatic, are mild and mainly involve the upper respiratory tract.


id: cord-279615-yne753y6
author: Jelley, Lauren
title: Influenza C infections in Western Australia and Victoria from 2008 to 2014
date: 2016-07-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1818
sentence: 58
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-279615-yne753y6.txt
txt: txt/cord-279615-yne753y6.txt
summary:
  Influenza Other Respir Viruses Epidemiological information regarding the periodic epidemics of influenza C virus in Japan (1996-2013) and the seroprevalence of antibodies to different antigenic groups Prospective study of influenza C in hospitalized children Detection of influenza C virus but not influenza D virus in Scottish respiratory samples Specific viruses detected in nigerian children in association with acute respiratory disease Influenza C virus infection in military recruits-symptoms and clinical manifestation Influenza C virus and human metapneumovirus infections in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract illness Isolation and characterization of influenza C viruses in the Philippines and Japan Influenza C virus high seroprevalence rates observed in 3 different population groups Effectiveness of trivalent flu vaccine in healthy young children The detection and multiplication of influenza C virus in tissue culture New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0 The dominant antigenic group of influenza C infections changed from c/Sao Paulo/378/82-lineage to c/Kanagawa/1/76-lineage in Yamagata Isolation of influenza C virus recombinants Hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion (HE) protein of influenza C virus Phylogenetic analysis and seroprevalence of influenza C virus in Mie Prefecture, Japan in 2012 Influenza C virus-associated community-acquired pneumonia in children. Influenza C viruses were detected sporadically in two widely in the WAIVE study, 11.1% vs 16.8%, respectively.


id: cord-309497-3v0asfa7
author: Asner, Sandra
date: 2012-02-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1800
sentence: 83
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-309497-3v0asfa7.txt
txt: txt/cord-309497-3v0asfa7.txt
title:
  Respiratory viral infections in institutions from late stage of the first and second waves of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009, Ontario, Canada

summary:
  Respiratory outbreaks are common in healthcare and community institutions such as long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and schools. was detected in the majority of respiratory outbreaks in LTCFs, where the vast majority of residents were elderly.


id: cord-309518-seonrtn3
author: Alraddadi, Basem M.
title: Noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome
date: 2019-03-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1999
sentence: 74
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-309518-seonrtn3.txt
txt: txt/cord-309518-seonrtn3.txt
summary:
  ICU and hospital length of stay were similar between NIV patients and invasive MV patients. There was no significant difference in the duration of invasive MV and total duration of NIV and invasive MV between the two groups, although invasive MV-free days and total NIV and invasive MV-free days were significantly longer among NIV patients compared to invasive MV patients (Table 2, Figure S2 ).


id: cord-269644-94yrkzns
author: Cousin, Mathias
date: 2016-01-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2038
sentence: 85
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-269644-94yrkzns.txt
txt: txt/cord-269644-94yrkzns.txt
title:
  Rhinovirus‐associated pulmonary exacerbations show a lack of FEV (1) improvement in children with cystic fibrosis

summary:
  key: cord-269644-94yrkzns authors: Cousin, Mathias; Molinari, Nicolas; Foulongne, Vincent; Caimmi, Davide; Vachier, Isabelle; Abely, Michel; Chiron, Raphael title: Rhinovirus‐associated pulmonary exacerbations show a lack of FEV (1) improvement in children with cystic fibrosis date: 2016-01-29 journal: Influenza Other Respir Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12353 sha: doc_id: 269644 cord_uid: 94yrkzns BACKGROUND: Respiratory viral infections lead to bronchial inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis, especially during pulmonary exacerbations. An impaired innate host defense may cause an increased susceptibility to viral respiratory infection in patients with CF, and some severe viral infections might be responsible for the exaggerated pulmonary inflammatory response.


id: cord-306923-eujbxdqi
author: Ahmed, Anwar E.
date: 2018-04-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2710
sentence: 104
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-306923-eujbxdqi.txt
txt: txt/cord-306923-eujbxdqi.txt
title:
  Factors associated with recovery delay in a sample of patients diagnosed by MERS‐CoV rRT‐PCR: A Saudi Arabian multicenter retrospective study

summary:
  The Poisson and negative binomial models were used to model the frequency of recovery delay in days and identify unadjusted and adjusted factors associated with longer recovery delay. key: cord-306923-eujbxdqi authors: Ahmed, Anwar E.; Al‐Jahdali, Hamdan; Alaqeel, Mody; Siddiq, Salma S.; Alsaab, Hanan A.; Sakr, Ezzeldin A.; Alyahya, Hamed A.; Alandonisi, Munzir M.; Subedar, Alaa T.; Ali, Yosra Z.; Al Otaibi, Hazza; Aloudah, Nouf M.; Baharoon, Salim; Al Johani, Sameera; Alghamdi, Mohammed G. title: Factors associated with recovery delay in a sample of patients diagnosed by MERS‐CoV rRT‐PCR: A Saudi Arabian multicenter retrospective study date: 2018-04-25 journal:


id: cord-285425-3v1bid02
author: MacIntyre, Chandini Raina
title: The efficacy of medical masks and respirators against respiratory infection in healthcare workers
date: 2017-08-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2865
sentence: 120
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-285425-3v1bid02.txt
txt: txt/cord-285425-3v1bid02.txt
summary:
  Four interventions were compared: (i) continuous N95 respirator use, (ii) targeted N95 respirator use, (iii) medical mask use and (iv) control arm. Rates of laboratory‐confirmed bacterial colonisation (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33‐0.87) and droplet‐transmitted infections (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25‐0.72) were also lower in the targeted N95 arm, but not in medical mask arm.


id: cord-002257-30s14h9j
author: Ratnamohan, Vigneswary M.
date: 2016-08-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2953
sentence: 104
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-002257-30s14h9j.txt
txt: txt/cord-002257-30s14h9j.txt
title:
  Phylogenetic analysis of human rhinoviruses collected over four successive years in Sydney, Australia

summary:
  Eighty per cent (16/20) of sequences that grouped as HRV C in the VP4/VP2 tree clustered as HRV A, alongside some previously described C strains as subspecies C/A. Discordant branching was seen within HRV A group: two sequences clustering as A in the VP4/VP2 tree branched within the C/A subspecies in the 5′UTR tree, and one sequence showed identity to different HRV A strains in the two genes. in group C with VP4/VP2 analysis also clustered in group C in the 5′UTR along with reference strain C-EU840728; 16 of the 20 HRV C samples grouped as HRV A, along with reference strains C-X2-EF077280, C-EU840952, C-DQ875932, C-JQ994498, C-EF077279, C-EF582387 and C-GQ223227.


id: cord-259368-k8t8brjy
author: Ren, Xiang
title: Evidence for pre‐symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in China
date: 2020-08-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3166
sentence: 101
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-259368-k8t8brjy.txt
txt: txt/cord-259368-k8t8brjy.txt
summary:
  [12] these studies used cluster cases in limited number of families for analysis, and the relative frequency of pre-symptomatic transmission was not quantified. We examine the characteristics of confirmed cases and compared the demographics, onset symptoms and results of some clinical tests between confirmed sporadic and cluster primary cases and cluster secondary cases.


id: cord-263927-hnsyas9q
author: Peci, Adriana
date: 2012-08-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3211
sentence: 143
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-263927-hnsyas9q.txt
txt: txt/cord-263927-hnsyas9q.txt
title:
  Community‐acquired respiratory viruses and co‐infection among patients of Ontario sentinel practices, April 2009 to February 2010

summary:
  Duration of symptoms significantly affects detection rate Frequent detection of viral coinfection in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection using a real-time polymerase chain reaction Multipathogen infections in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections Development of a respiratory virus panel test for detection of twenty human respiratory viruses by use of multiplex PCR and a fluid microbead-based assay Low mortality rates related to respiratory virus infections after bone marrow transplant Incidence of common respiratory viral infections related to climate factors in hospitalized children in Hong Kong Respiratory viral infections in infants: causes, clinical symptoms, virology, and immunology Prevalence of human respiratory viruses in adults with acute respiratory tract infections in Beijing Correlation of viral load of respiratory pathogens and co-infections with disease severity in children hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection Impact of respiratory virus infections on persons with chronic underlying conditions Human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized Danish children with acute respiratory tract infection Association between the 2008-09 seasonal influenza vaccine and pandemic H1N1 illness during spring-summer 2009: four observational studies from Canada Evidence from multiplex molecular assays for complex multipathogen interaction in acute respiratory infections Rhinovirus outbreaks in long-term care facilities Viruses in communityacquired pneumonia in children aged less than 3 years old; High rate of viral confection Correlation of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viral load with disease severity and prolonged viral shedding in children Self-reported pH1N1 influenza vaccination coverage for Ontario Streptococcus pneumonia coinfection is correlated with the severity of H1N1 pandemic influenza Invasive group ⁄ ⁄ A (H1N1)v, RVS: The race for hivernal pandemics Respiratory virus infections among hospitalized patients with suspected influenza A H1N1 2009 virus during the first pandemic wave in Brazil Bacterial coinfections in lung tissue specimens from fatal cases of The association of newly identified respiratory viruses with lowers respiratory tract infections in Korean children Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis Single versus dual respiratory virus infections in hospitalized infants:


id: cord-276363-m8di6dpt
author: Holm, Majbrit V.
date: 2008-06-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3349
sentence: 197
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cord-276363-m8di6dpt.txt
txt: txt/cord-276363-m8di6dpt.txt
title:
  Influenza vaccination coverage rates in Europe – covering five consecutive seasons (2001–2006) in five countries

summary:
  Published literature evaluating vaccination coverage rates in Europe shows that importance placed on influenza vaccination varies greatly between countries. key: cord-276363-m8di6dpt authors: Holm, Majbrit V.; Blank, Patricia R.; Szucs, Thomas D. title: Influenza vaccination coverage rates in Europe – covering five consecutive seasons (2001–2006) in five countries date: 2008-06-28 journal:


id: cord-002137-j5sfiyz8
author: Ward, Kirsten
title: Annual influenza vaccination: coverage and attitudes of primary care staff in Australia
date: 2010-10-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3707
sentence: 150
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-002137-j5sfiyz8.txt
txt: txt/cord-002137-j5sfiyz8.txt
summary:
  Results Reported influenza vaccination coverage in both 2007 and 2008 was greater than 70%, with GPs reporting higher coverage than PNs in both years. Conclusions Rates of influenza vaccination coverage reported in this study were higher than in previous studies of hospital and institutional HCWs, though it is possible that the study design may have contributed to these higher results.


id: cord-289358-4abypk6o
author: Asner, Sandra A.
title: Clinical severity of rhinovirus/enterovirus compared to other respiratory viruses in children
date: 2014-05-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3708
sentence: 127
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-289358-4abypk6o.txt
txt: txt/cord-289358-4abypk6o.txt
summary:
  Human rhinovirus species associated with hospitalizations for acute respiratory illness in young US children Role of rhinovirus C respiratory infections in sick and healthy children in Spain A novel group of rhinoviruses is associated with asthma hospitalizations Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis Rhino/enteroviruses in hospitalized children: a comparison to influenza viruses Viral pneumonia Clinical features of patients with acute respiratory illness and rhinovirus in their bronchoalveolar lavages Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children Role of viral respiratory infections in asthma and asthma exacerbations Viruses in asthma exacerbations Role of rhinovirus in hospitalized infants with respiratory tract infections in Spain Respiratory syncytial virus, human bocavirus and rhinovirus bronchiolitis in infants Characterization of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus specimens with a positive hemagglutinin 1 signal in the Luminex xTAG Human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/ENT) infections are commonly identified in children with acute respiratory infections (ARIs), but data on their clinical severity remain limited.


id: cord-293354-55nawxos
author: Kenmoe, Sebastien
date: 2016-05-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3719
sentence: 161
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-293354-55nawxos.txt
txt: txt/cord-293354-55nawxos.txt
title:
  Viral etiology of severe acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children in Cameroon, 2011–2013

summary:
  The role of respiratory viral infections among children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia in a developing country Respiratory viruses from hospitalized children with severe pneumonia in the Philippines Respiratory viruses in hospitalized children with influenza-like illness during the H1n1 Frequent detection of viral coinfection in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection using a real-time polymerase chain reaction Viral pathogens associated with acute respiratory infections in central vietnamese children Respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection in Ghana Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a retrospective study of 27 years Viral etiology and clinical profiles of children with severe acute respiratory infections in China Viral respiratory infections in hospitalized and community control children in Alaska Broad respiratory virus detection in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis by use of a multiplex RT-PCR DNA microarray system Human bocavirus and other respiratory viral infections in a 2-year cohort of hospitalized children Respiratory virus infections in hospitalized children and adults in Lao PDR Respiratory viral coinfections identified by a 10-plex real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay in patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory illness-South Africa Etiology and Epidemiology of Viral Pneumonia Among Hospitalized Children in Rural Mozambique Adenoviruses in the immunocompromised host Detection of new respiratory viruses in hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis: a three-year prospective study Lower respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children Viral etiology of lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children in Mexico RNA viruses in young nepalese children hospitalized with severe pneumonia Human bocavirus-the first 5 years Viral etiologies of acute respiratory infections among hospitalized vietnamese children in Ho Chi Minh city Viral Etiology of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Presenting to Hospital Rates of respiratory virusassociated hospitalization in children aged <5 years in rural northern India Performance of diagnostic tests to detect respiratory viruses in older adults Detecting respiratory viruses in asymptomatic children Viral and bacterial causes of severe acute respiratory illness among children aged less than 5 years in a high malaria prevalence area of western Kenya Persistence of rhinovirus and enterovirus RNA after acute respiratory illness in children Viral etiology of SARI in Cameroon The Authors. Respiratory viruses were associated with a high burden of hospitalizations among children in Cameroon.


id: cord-286096-h275nner
author: Huijskens, Elisabeth G. W.
title: Viral and bacterial aetiology of community‐acquired pneumonia in adults
date: 2012-08-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3715
sentence: 151
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-286096-h275nner.txt
txt: txt/cord-286096-h275nner.txt
summary:
  Year-round inclusion is important to cover the complete spectrum of respiratory virus infections, because several viruses are known to be found only in particular months of the year. InfA has been found as the second most frequent pathogen in CAP patients and the most common viral pathogen in all the age groups.


id: cord-002852-m4l2l2r1
author: Munyua, Peninah M.
title: Detection of influenza A virus in live bird markets in Kenya, 2009–2011
date: 2012-04-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3993
sentence: 181
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cord-002852-m4l2l2r1.txt
txt: txt/cord-002852-m4l2l2r1.txt
summary:
  Background Surveillance for influenza viruses within live bird markets (LBMs) has been recognized as an effective tool for detecting circulating avian influenza viruses (AIVs). In Sub‐Saharan Africa, limited data exist on AIVs in animal hosts, and in Kenya the presence of influenza virus in animal hosts has not been described.


id: cord-003298-vojbn0p4
author: Hsieh, Ying‐Hen
title: Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) during winter influenza season in the southern hemisphere
date: 2010-07-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4261
sentence: 144
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-003298-vojbn0p4.txt
txt: txt/cord-003298-vojbn0p4.txt
summary:
  The turning point for both the weekly pH1N1 confirmed case data and the hospitalization data is e-week 30, showing that the down turning point of case number had occurred by late July. The weekly pH1N1 confirmed case data by onset week of e-week 21-33 (May 17 to August 15) in Brazil 6 also fits both 1-wave and 2-wave Richards models (Table 4 ).


id: cord-279716-kxfc4npg
author: Blachere, Francoise M.
title: Bioaerosol sampling for the detection of aerosolized influenza virus
date: 2007-10-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4263
sentence: 182
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-279716-kxfc4npg.txt
txt: txt/cord-279716-kxfc4npg.txt
summary:
  Furthermore, we will test the bioaerosol sampler in a healthcare setting to monitor the prevalence of airborne influenza viral particles and to study the transmission of influenza via the inhalation of aerosolized viral particles. These findings would significantly contribute toward understanding the transmission of aerosolized influenza viral particles.


id: cord-299790-vciposnk
author: Ho, Zheng Jie Marc
date: 2015-06-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4075
sentence: 164
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-299790-vciposnk.txt
txt: txt/cord-299790-vciposnk.txt
title:
  Clinical differences between respiratory viral and bacterial mono- and dual pathogen detected among Singapore military servicemen with febrile respiratory illness

summary:
  Such information is of particular importance to countries within the tropical belt where there is a predilection towards multiple pathogens due to the year-round circulation of respiratory pathogens. Finally, diversity in the impact of dual pathogens on clinical manifestations, as seen through the results of other symptoms, is likely indicative of complex and diverse microbial interactions between respiratory pathogens in the upper respiratory tract.


id: cord-297609-6g39lu1y
author: Wertheim, Heiman F L
date: 2015-10-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4307
sentence: 161
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-297609-6g39lu1y.txt
txt: txt/cord-297609-6g39lu1y.txt
title:
  Viral and atypical bacterial aetiologies of infection in hospitalised patients admitted with clinical suspicion of influenza in Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia

summary:
  Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by Viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized young children in Northern Taiwan Respiratory viral infections detected by multiplex PCR among pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infections seen at an urban hospital in Delhi from Aetiological role of viral and bacterial infections in acute adult lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in primary care Human bocavirus-the first 5 years High frequency of human bocavirus 1 DNA in infants and adults with lower acute respiratory infection Human bocavirus: a novel parvovirus epidemiologically associated with pneumonia requiring hospitalization in Thailand Atypical bacterial pathogen infection in children with acute bronchiolitis in northeast Thailand Acute bronchitis in the community: clinical features, infective factors, changes in pulmonary function and bronchial reactivity to histamine An Asian study on the prevalence of atypical respiratory pathogens in communityacquired pneumonia First report of human psittacosis in Vietnam a clinical virological and epidemiological analysis The investigators were involved in all aspects including protocol design, study execution and oversight and the writing of this publication. The low number of detected influenza viruses demonstrates a low benefit for empirical oseltamivir therapy, unless during an influenza outbreak.


id: cord-002138-uywz5nqw
author: Boëlle, Pierre‐Yves
title: Transmission parameters of the A/H1N1 (2009) influenza virus pandemic: a review
date: 2011-03-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4544
sentence: 185
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-002138-uywz5nqw.txt
txt: txt/cord-002138-uywz5nqw.txt
summary:
  Quantifying social distancing arising from pandemic influenza Estimates of the reproduction numbers of Spanish influenza using morbidity data Analyses of the 1957 (Asian) influenza pandemic in the United Kingdom and the impact of school closures Real-time epidemic forecasting for pandemic influenza Transmissibility and mortality impact of epidemic and pandemic influenza, with emphasis on the unusually deadly 1951 epidemic Epidemiological and transmissibility analysis of influenza A(H1N1)v in a southern hemisphere setting: Peru A preliminary analysis of the epidemiology of influenza A(H1N1)v virus infection in Thailand from early outbreak data School closure and mitigation of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Hong Kong a clinical virological and epidemiological analysis Community-based measures for mitigating the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in China Estimating the reproduction number of the novel influenza A virus (H1N1) in a Southern Hemisphere setting: preliminary estimate in New Zealand Pandemic influenza 2009 on Reunion Island: a mild wave linked to a low reproduction number Transmissibility of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in New Zealand: effective reproduction number and influence of age, ethnicity and importations Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza community transmission was established in one australian state when the virus was first identified in North America Partial support by FP7 project FLUMODCONT (n°20160). These parameters are instrumental to assessing the feasibility and efficacy of intervention strategies against pandemic influenza.


id: cord-267531-tqqj4cy0
author: He, Ying
date: 2014-05-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4691
sentence: 233
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-267531-tqqj4cy0.txt
txt: txt/cord-267531-tqqj4cy0.txt
title:
  A 3-year prospective study of the epidemiology of acute respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Shenzhen, China

summary:
  Overall, 48Á0% of our cases were positive for respiratory virus infections, which resembled the latest study in the same city. Limited data are available in China to describe the epidemiology of viral respiratory infections, especially in small–medium cities and rural areas.


id: cord-278554-rg92gcc6
author: Aoyagi, Yumiko
date: 2015-04-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4577
sentence: 174
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-278554-rg92gcc6.txt
txt: txt/cord-278554-rg92gcc6.txt
title:
  Healthcare workers' willingness to work during an influenza pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

summary:
  Although variable in severity, 1,2 one consistent feature of pandemic influenza is a surge in demand for health care. Importantly, one message arising from assessments of pandemic planning activities prior to the 2009-10 pandemic was that whilst national level pandemic planning was generally successful, the level of planning at local level was insufficient, including training on pandemic influenza for HCWs.


id: cord-002136-mkl89qkt
author: Nunes, Sandro F.
title: An ex vivo swine tracheal organ culture for the study of influenza infection
date: 2009-12-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4726
sentence: 179
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-002136-mkl89qkt.txt
txt: txt/cord-002136-mkl89qkt.txt
summary:
  In this study, we developed a swine tracheal EVOC system for the study of influenza virus infection. The pathogenesis of influenza in humans Infection of human airway epithelium by human and avian strains of influenza A virus H5N1 avian influenza virus induces apoptotic cell death in mammalian airway epithelial cells Ciliostasis is a key early event during colonization of canine tracheal tissue by Bordetella bronchiseptica Adherence of Bordetella bronchiseptica 276 to porcine trachea maintained in organ culture A human respiratory-tissue organ culture incorporating an air interface Development of rhinovirus study model using organ culture of turbinate mucosa Tracheal organ cultures as a useful tool to study Felid herpesvirus 1 infection in respiratory epithelium Quantification of mRNA encoding cytokines and chemokines and assessment of ciliary function in canine tracheal epithelium during infection with canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) Interaction of pneumolysin-sufficient and -deficient isogenic variants of Streptococcus pneumoniae with human respiratory mucosa Interaction of Bordetella periitussis with human respiratory mucosa in vitro Interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with human respiratory mucosa in vitro In vitro culture of porcine respiratory nasal mucosa explants for studying the interaction of porcine viruses with the respiratory tract In vitro culture of equine respiratory mucosa explants Critical assessment of an in vitro bovine respiratory organ culture system: a model of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection Mutation of the maturase lipoprotein attenuates the virulence of Streptococcus equi to a greater extent than does loss of general lipoprotein lipidation The use of human nasal in vitro cell systems during drug discovery and development The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique New low-viscosity overlay medium for viral plaque assays Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes Localization of swine influenza virus in naturally infected pigs Influenza type A in humans, mammals and birds: determinants of virus virulence, host-range and interspecies transmission Realities and enigmas of human viral influenza: pathogenesis, epidemiology and control Cultures of equine respiratory epithelial cells and organ explants as tools for the study of equine influenza virus infection Intrinsic immunity: a front-line defense against viral attack Defense mechanisms against influenza virus infection in the respiratory tract mucosa Effective mucus clearance is essential for respiratory health Efficient mucociliary transport relies on efficient regulation of ciliary beating


id: cord-000114-f0vud3gu
author: Kim, Jeong‐Ki
title: Ducks: The “Trojan Horses” of H5N1 influenza
date: 2009-05-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5417
sentence: 226
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-000114-f0vud3gu.txt
txt: txt/cord-000114-f0vud3gu.txt
summary:
  The invasion routes of neurovirulent A Hong Kong 483 ⁄ 97 (H5N1) influenza virus into the central nervous system after respiratory infection in mice Enhanced neuropathogenicity of avian influenza A virus by passages through air sac and brain of chicks Wild ducks as long-distance vectors of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5NI) Characterization of low-pathogenic H5 subtype influenza viruses from Eurasia: Implications for the origin of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from Geese in southeastern China: Evidence for genetic reassortment and interspecies transmission to ducks Avian influenza virus (H5N1): a threat to human health Investigation of outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in waterfowl and wild birds in Hong Kong in late H5N1 virus outbreak in migratory waterfowl Properties and dissemination of H5N1 viruses isolated during an influenza outbreak in migratory waterfowl in western China Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in migratory birds Establishment of multiple sublineages of H5N1 influenza virus in Asia: Implications for pandemic control Molecular basis for high virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses A single amino-acid in the Pb2-gene of influenza-a virus is a determinant of host range Duck migration and past influenza A (H5N1) outbreak areas Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 Spring migration of Northern Pintails from California's Central Valley wintering area tracked with satellite telemetry: routes, timing, and destinations Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) isolated from whooper swans Wet markets -a continuing source of severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza? The length of stay and the aquatic habitat allows the transmission of influenza viruses to and from the domestic duck populations.


id: cord-319129-o1kzb6dm
author: Peng, Jianhui
date: 2020-06-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 696
sentence: 34
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-319129-o1kzb6dm.txt
txt: txt/cord-319129-o1kzb6dm.txt
title:
  Identification and management of asymptomatic carriers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in China

summary:
  key: cord-319129-o1kzb6dm authors: Peng, Jianhui; Su, Dongwei; Zhang, Ziwei; Wang, Mingke title: Identification and management of asymptomatic carriers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in China date: 2020-06-08 journal: Influenza Other Respir Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12768 sha: doc_id: 319129 cord_uid: o1kzb6dm nan To the Editor, We read with interest the recent article by Yu transmission through asymptomatic carriers has been a huge challenge for COVID-19 prevention and control.


id: cord-273861-sg7esn4p
author: Yi, Lina
date: 2017-06-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2021
sentence: 109
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-273861-sg7esn4p.txt
txt: txt/cord-273861-sg7esn4p.txt
title:
  A cluster of adenovirus type B55 infection in a neurosurgical inpatient department of a general hospital in Guangdong, China

summary:
  Human adenovirus type 55 is a re‐emerging human respiratory pathogen that is associated with several respiratory infections outbreaks in military and school populations. In recent decades, HAdV55 has been associated with several respiratory infections outbreaks.


id: cord-269665-byuv48wi
author: MacIntyre, Chandini Raina
date: 2011-01-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5601
sentence: 242
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-269665-byuv48wi.txt
txt: txt/cord-269665-byuv48wi.txt
title:
  A cluster randomized clinical trial comparing fit‐tested and non‐fit‐tested N95 respirators to medical masks to prevent respiratory virus infection in health care workers

summary:
  9, 10 In one of these studies, we showed that medical masks ⁄ respirators in compliant users in the household setting were associated with reductions in the risk of influenza-like illness (ILI)associated infection. Whether masks ⁄ respirators will be protective when used only when an identified episode of exposure occurs depends on whether HCWs accurately identify all episodes of risk, whether most transmission occurs after clearly identified exposures and whether there is transmission from asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infections.


id: cord-311884-3lkkpg9g
author: Paz–Bailey, Gabriela
title: Recent influenza activity in tropical Puerto Rico has become synchronized with mainland US
date: 2020-07-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1446
sentence: 61
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-311884-3lkkpg9g.txt
txt: txt/cord-311884-3lkkpg9g.txt
summary:
  The Use of PCR in the Surveillance and Diagnosis of Influenza World Health Organization A practical guide to wavelet analysis Synchrony, waves, and spatial hierarchies in the spread of influenza Earth System Research Laboratory's Physical Sciences Division (PSD) Infectivity of influenza virus aerosols Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature Absolute humidity modulates influenza survival, transmission, and seasonality Seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in the tropics Estimating the impact of school closure on influenza transmission from Sentinel data Seasonality of respiratory viruses causing hospitalizations for acute respiratory infections in children in Nha Trang, Vietnam Urbanization and humidity shape the intensity of influenza epidemics in U Correction: continental synchronicity of human influenza virus epidemics despite climatic variation Divergent evolutionary trajectories of influenza B viruses underlie their contemporaneous epidemic activity National, regional, and state level outpatient illness and viral surveillance Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overall, 14% of participants were positive for influenza; 9% for influenza A and 5% for influenza B viruses.


id: cord-317533-xpfqdeqv
author: Smuts, Heidi
date: 2008-07-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2384
sentence: 96
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-317533-xpfqdeqv.txt
txt: txt/cord-317533-xpfqdeqv.txt
title:
  Human coronavirus NL63 infections in infants hospitalised with acute respiratory tract infections in South Africa

summary:
  NL63 (HCoV‐NL63) is a novel respiratory virus which is associated with respiratory tract infections in children. In this retrospective study 1055 nasopharyngeal, tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveoloar lavage samples were taken from children (age 13 days to 5 years) hospitalised with respiratory tract infections in 2003 and 2004 in the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital in Cape Town.


id: cord-316956-nnqi0dj1
author: Gamiño‐Arroyo, Ana E.
date: 2016-08-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2502
sentence: 87
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-316956-nnqi0dj1.txt
txt: txt/cord-316956-nnqi0dj1.txt
title:
  Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infections among children and adults in Mexico

summary:
  CDC protocol of realtime RTPCR for swine influenza A(H1N1) Viral infections in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: prevalence, pathogens, and presentation Respiratory syncytial virus-and human metapneumovirus-associated emergency department and hospital burden in adults Respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viral infections in older adults with moderate to severe influenza-like illness Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia among the elderly: an assessment of disease burden Respiratory syncytial virus: how, why and what to do Associations between co-detected respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory infections Viral coinfection in childhood respiratory tract infections Pre-existing disease is associated with a significantly higher risk of death in severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Epidemiological and clinical data of hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in children under 5 years of age in Spain: FIVE multicenter study Respiratory syncytial virus genotypes and disease severity among children in hospital Correlation between respiratory syncytial virus genotype and severity of illness Sequencing and analysis of globally obtained human respiratory syncytial virus A and B genomes Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infections among children and adults in Mexico ILI-002 study principal investigators, coprincipal investigators, study staff, NIAID, Leidos and Westat staff include the following: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán: Guillermo D. E. Noyola has participated as a member of the speakers' bureau of AbbVie. On the other hand, strengths of our study include the participa- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría: Beatriz Llamosas-Gallardo Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Juana del Carmen Báez National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Disease (NIAID): Cliff Lane, Mary Smolskis, Dean Follmann, Sally Hunsberger La Red is funded by the Mexico Ministry of Health and the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Viral etiology of hospitalized acute lower respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age -a systematic review and meta-analysis Respiratory syncytial virus is an important cause of community-acquired lower respiratory infection among hospitalized adults Rates of hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and influenza virus in older adults Respiratory syncytial virus infection: immune response, immunopathogenesis, and treatment Clinical characteristics and outcomes of influenza and other influenza-like illnesses in Mexico City Performance of different mono-and multiplex nucleic acid amplification tests on a multipathogen external quality assessment panel Viral and host factors in human respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis Respiratory syncytial virus epidemics: the ups and downs of a seasonal virus Systematic review and meta-analysis of respiratory syncytial virus infection epidemiology in Latin America World Health Organization.


id: cord-324012-q2ilk6gs
author: Inui, Ken
date: 2019-09-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1524
sentence: 56
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-324012-q2ilk6gs.txt
txt: txt/cord-324012-q2ilk6gs.txt
title:
  A field‐deployable insulated isothermal RT‐PCR assay for identification of influenza A (H7N9) shows good performance in the laboratory

summary:
  Novel technologies, such as the insulated isothermal PCR (iiRT-PCR), are portable PCR systems that can be applied under field conditions by the fast PCR reaction (in 42 minutes). While conventional PCR requires multiple cycles of heating and cooling, iiRT-PCR is performed through the creation of a temperature gradient in a capillary tube with a single heating source at the bottom of a capillary tube and establishment of thermal convection within the tube, mimicking the cycles of conventional real-time PCR.


id: cord-310956-qwe4ndvb
author: Qian, Yan‐Hua
date: 2011-04-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3705
sentence: 165
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-310956-qwe4ndvb.txt
txt: txt/cord-310956-qwe4ndvb.txt
title:
  Attempted early detection of influenza A (H1N1) pandemic with surveillance data of influenza‐like illness and unexplained pneumonia

summary:
  Emerging infections: pandemic influenza World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic Mortality from pandemic A ⁄ H1N1 2009 influenza in England: public health surveillance study Guideline for prevention and control of influenza Statistical quality control methods in infection control and hospital epidemiology, Part II: chart use, statistical properties, and research issues Statistical quality control methods in infection control and hospital epidemiology, part I: introduction and basic theory Study on early warning based on influenza surveillance data in Guangdong province Methods for current statistical analysis of excess pneumonia-influenza deaths Time-Series Forecasting Use and interpretation of statistical quality control charts Influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States Impact of influenza vaccination on seasonal mortality in the US elderly population Can syndromic thresholds provide early warning of national influenza outbreaks? Methods for monitoring influenza surveillance data Trends and Directions of Global Public Health Surveillance The impact of influenza epidemics on hospitalizations Value of ICD-9-coded chief complaints for detection of epidemics Performance of a syndromic system for influenza based on the activity of general practitioners, France Situational uses of syndromic surveillance Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of health service based indicators for the surveillance of influenza a epidemics Comparing aberration detection methods with simulated data A simulation model for assessing aberration detection methods used in public health surveillance for systems with limited baselines Review of an influenza surveillance system, Beijing, People's Republic of China Disease surveillance using a hidden Markov model The emerging science of very early detection of disease outbreaks The ILI system was implemented for influenza surveillance, and the UP system was designed to track lower respiratory illness with pneumonia symptoms.


id: cord-316217-ynh8d853
author: Yoshihara, Keisuke
title: Influenza B associated paediatric acute respiratory infection hospitalization in central vietnam
date: 2019-02-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2734
sentence: 102
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-316217-ynh8d853.txt
txt: txt/cord-316217-ynh8d853.txt
summary:
  The evolutionary dynamics of human influenza B virus Evolution of influenza A and B viruses: conservation of structural features in the hemagglutinin genes Molecular epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of influenza B-associated complications among hospitalized patients during an outbreak in Taiwan Phylogenetic and evolutionary history of influenza B viruses Cocirculation of two distinct evolutionary lineages of influenza type B virus since 1983 Epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in Cambodia from Differing epidemiological dynamics of influenza B virus lineages in Guangzhou, southern China Local persistence and global dissemination play a significant role in the circulation of influenza B viruses in Leyte Island Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogenetic Analyses of Influenza B Virus in Thailand during Viral pathogens associated with acute respiratory infections in central vietnamese children Integrated approach to child health in developing countries Burden of disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in children younger than 5 years: global estimates Genetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Uganda during the 2009-2010 seasons Kakusan4 and Aminosan: two programs for comparing nonpartitioned, proportional and separate models for combined molecular phylogenetic analyses of multilocus sequence data MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0 Interrupted time series regression for the evaluation of public health interventions: a tutorial Time series regression studies in environmental epidemiology Impact of 2009 pandemic influenza among Vietnamese children based on a population-based prospective surveillance from 2007 to 2011. The gene structure and replication of influenza virus Influenza B lineage circulation and hospitalization rates in a subtropical city Surveillance and molecular characterization of human influenza B viruses during 2006-2010 revealed co-circulation of Yamagata-like and Victoria-like strains in eastern India Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory tract virus infections in the tropics Influenza surveillance in Indonesia Influenza viruses in Thailand: 7 years of sentinel surveillance data Epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza in the Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization Influenza B virus genome: assignment of viral polypeptides to RNA segments Influenza B virus in seals Epidemiological, antigenic and genetic characteristics of seasonal influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and B influenza viruses: basis for the WHO recommendation on the composition of influenza vaccines for use in the 2009-2010 northern hemisphere season Reassortment and insertion-deletion are strategies for the evolution of influenza B viruses in nature


id: cord-326039-pnf2xjox
author: Seale, Holly
title: A review of medical masks and respirators for use during an influenza pandemic
date: 2009-08-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1343
sentence: 50
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-326039-pnf2xjox.txt
txt: txt/cord-326039-pnf2xjox.txt
summary:
  Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis Non-pharmaceutical public health interventions for pandemic influenza: an evaluation of the evidence base Interventions for the interruption or reduction of the spread of respiratory viruses Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses: systematic review SARS transmission among hospital workers in Hong Kong Effectiveness of precautions against droplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Face mask use and control of respiratory virus transmission in households Facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: a randomized trial SARS among critical care nurses Feasibility exercise to evaluate the use of particulate respirators by emergency department staff during the 2007 influenza season All authors contributed to the writing and revising of the text. Non-pharmacological public health interventions including use of face masks are therefore likely to play a vital role in mitigating disease spread, particularly in developing countries.


id: cord-323066-tvguutak
author: Praznik, Ajda
date: 2018-08-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3076
sentence: 124
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-323066-tvguutak.txt
txt: txt/cord-323066-tvguutak.txt
title:
  Risk factors for bronchiolitis severity: A retrospective review of patients admitted to the university hospital from central region of Slovenia

summary:
  The role of human coronaviruses in children hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis, acute gastroenteritis, and febrile seizures: a 2-year prospective study Comparing nose-throat swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from children with symptoms for respiratory virus identification using real-time polymerase chain reaction Comparison of nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs for influenza detection in adults The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children Incidence and risk factors of hospitalization for bronchiolitis in preterm children: a retrospective longitudinal study in Italy Respiratory syncytial virus infection in Navajo and White Mountain Apache children Comparison of risk factors for human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus disease severity in young children Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis hospital admission in New Zealand Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among children less than 24 months of age Respiratory syncytial virus transplacental antibody transfer and kinetics in mother-infant pairs in Bangladesh Risk factors in children hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis versus non-RSV bronchiolitis Rates of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection among children in medicaid Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation in children with heart disease Variation in inpatient diagnostic testing and management of bronchiolitis Pre-existing disease is associated with a significantly higher risk of death in severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Updated guidance for palivizumab prophylaxis among infants and young children at increased risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus Evaluation of risk factors for recurrent wheezing episodes Risk factors for hospital admission with RSV bronchiolitis in England: a population-based birth cohort study Chronic diseases, chromosomal abnormalities, and congenital malformations as risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization: a population-based cohort study Respiratory syncytial virus, human bocavirus and rhinovirus bronchiolitis in infants The relationship of meteorological conditions to the epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus Multicenter study of viral etiology and relapse in hospitalized children with bronchiolitis Viral etiologies of infant bronchiolitis, croup and upper respiratory illness during 4 consecutive years Frequent detection of respiratory viruses without symptoms: toward defining clinically relevant cutoff values Respiratory viral detection in children and adults: comparing asymptomatic controls and patients with community-acquired Pneumonia Bronchiolitis (and RSV) in infants and children Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infections among children with acute respiratory symptoms in a community over three seasons Respiratory syncytial virus disease in preterm infants in the U.S. born at 32-35 weeks gestation not receiving immunoprophylaxis Bronchiolitis management preferences and the influence of pulse oximetry and respiratory rate on the decision to admit Current management of acute bronchiolitis in Switzerland Bronchiolitis management by the Belgian paediatrician: discrepancies between evidence-based medicine and practice Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis Efficacy of bronchodilator therapy in bronchiolitis. The three most frequently detected viruses were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (hRV) and human bocavirus (hBoV) (57.5%, 272/473; 25.6%, 121/473; 18.4%, 87/473).


id: cord-328086-ji2emajn
author: Zhou, Jie‐ying
date: 2018-01-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2103
sentence: 90
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-328086-ji2emajn.txt
txt: txt/cord-328086-ji2emajn.txt
title:
  Human bocavirus and human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract illness in Changsha, China

summary:
  A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease Human metapneumovirus: insights from a ten-year molecular and epidemiological analysis in Germany Outbreak of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in a Severe Motor-and-Intellectual Disabilities Ward in Japan Viral load and acute otitis media development after human metapneumovirus upper respiratory tract infection Clinical disease and viral load in children infected with respiratory syncytial virus or human metapneumovirus Clinical characteristics and viral load of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in children hospitaled for acute lower respiratory tract infection Detection of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction among hospitalized young children in Iran Incidence, Morbidity, and Costs of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Hospitalized Children High human bocavirus viral load is associated with disease severity in children under five years of age Human bocavirus: current knowledge and future challenges British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011 Etiology, seasonality and clinical characterization of viral respiratory infections among hospitalized children in Beirut, Lebanon Infections and coinfections by respiratory human bocavirus during eight seasons in hospitalized children Abdel Baset RW. HBoV infections peaked in summer (32.2%), and HMPV infections peaked in winter (28.9%).


id: cord-315949-7id5mitl
author: Sentilhes, Anne‐Charlotte
title: Respiratory virus infections in hospitalized children and adults in Lao PDR
date: 2013-06-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4099
sentence: 176
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-315949-7id5mitl.txt
txt: txt/cord-315949-7id5mitl.txt
summary:
  Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections Lung infection-a public health priority Emerging infectious diseases in southeast Asia: regional challenges to control Development of three multiplex RT-PCR assays for the detection of 12 respiratory RNA viruses Use of a multiplex PCR/RT-PCR approach to assess the viral causes of influenza-like illnesses in Cambodia during three consecutive dry seasons Simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory infection using two different multiplex reverse transcription-PCR assays The role of respiratory viral infections among children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia in a developing country Pneumonia research to reduce childhood mortality in the developing world Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children: Guidelines for the Management of Common Illnesses with Limited Resources Highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) virus survival in complex artificial aquatic biotopes The association of newly identified respiratory viruses with lower respiratory tract infections in Korean children Information for Laboratory Diagnosis of Pandemic (H1N1) Pandemic A(H1N1)2009 influenza virus detection by real time RT-PCR: is viral quantification useful? Viral pathogens associated with acute respiratory infections in central Vietnamese children Molecular monitoring of causative viruses in child acute respiratory infection in endemo-epidemic situations in Shanghai Viral etiologies of acute respiratory infections among hospitalized Vietnamese children in Ho Chi Minh City Incidence of respiratory pathogens in persons hospitalized with pneumonia in two provinces in Thailand Viral and atypical bacterial detection in acute respiratory infection in children under five years Rhinovirus and the lower respiratory tract Rhinovirus-associated hospitalizations in young children Rhinovirus associated with severe lower respiratory tract infections in children Human rhinovirus infections in rural Thailand: epidemiological evidence for rhinovirus as both pathogen and bystander Viral respiratory infections in hospitalized and community control children in Alaska The burden of hospitalized lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory syncytial virus in rural Thailand The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis Two distinct subtypes of human respiratory syncytial virus Genetic variability of group A human respiratory syncytial virus strains circulating in Germany from 1998 to Seroprevalence of anti-RSV IgG in Thai children aged 6 months to 5 years A study of the genetic variability of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in Cambodia reveals the existence of a new HRSV group B genotype An early report from newly established laboratory-based influenza surveillance in Lao PDR Parainfluenza virus type 3: seasonality and risk of infection and reinfection in young children Specific viruses detected in Nigerian children in association with acute respiratory disease Progress in the development of human parainfluenza virus vaccines Parainfluenza virus type 4 infections in pediatric patients Human parainfluenza virus type 4 infection in Chinese children with lower respiratory tract infections: a comparison study Detection and identification of human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4 in clinical samples of pediatric patients by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR Contribution of human metapneumovirus to influenza-like infections in North Greece Population-based incidence of human metapneumovirus infection among hospitalized children Human metapneumovirus in infants and young children in Thailand with lower respiratory tract infections; molecular characteristics and clinical presentations Human bocavirus: a novel parvovirus epidemiologically associated with pneumonia requiring hospitalization in Thailand Evidence of human coronavirus HKU1 and human bocavirus in Australian children Detection of nine respiratory RNA viruses using three multiplex RT-PCR assays incorporating a novel RNA internal control transcript Detection and typing by molecular techniques of respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute respiratory infection in Rome, Italy Single versus dual respiratory virus infections in hospitalized infants Respiratory viral infections detected by multiplex PCR among pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infections seen at an urban hospital in Delhi from Impact of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus co-infection in severe bronchiolitis Viral infections of the lower respiratory tract: old viruses, new viruses, and the role of diagnosis Respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinoviruses are the major causes of severe lower respiratory tract infections in Kuwait Role of rhinovirus in hospitalized infants with respiratory tract infections in Spain Vientiane climate guide to the average weather & temperatures This study was supported by Surveillance and Investigation of Epidemic Situations in South-East Asia (SISEA) project, a grant from the French Agency for Development (AFD). key: cord-315949-7id5mitl authors: Sentilhes, Anne‐Charlotte; Choumlivong, Khamla; Celhay, Olivier; Sisouk, Thongchanh; Phonekeo, Darouny; Vongphrachanh, Phengta; Brey, Paul; Buchy, Philippe title: Respiratory virus infections in hospitalized children and adults in Lao PDR date: 2013-06-25 journal:


id: cord-324432-k0g3r1lw
author: Maykowski, Philip
title: Seasonality and clinical impact of human parainfluenza viruses
date: 2018-08-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2345
sentence: 97
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-324432-k0g3r1lw.txt
txt: txt/cord-324432-k0g3r1lw.txt
summary:
  The study's objectives were to (a) assess the seasonality of HPIV types 1-4, (b) determine clinical outcomes by HPIV type, and (c) identify risk factors for increased severity of illness. This study aimed to assess seasonality of HPIV types 1‐4, clinical outcomes by HPIV type, and risk factors for illness severity.


id: cord-349330-akwxwfg3
author: Wabe, Nasir
date: 2020-08-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2611
sentence: 101
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-349330-akwxwfg3.txt
txt: txt/cord-349330-akwxwfg3.txt
title:
  Cepheid Xpert(®) Flu/RSV and Seegene Allplex(™) RP1 show high diagnostic agreement for the detection of influenza A/B and respiratory syncytial viruses in clinical practice

summary:
  a review of patient outcome studies for multiplex panels used in bloodstream, respiratory, and neurological infections Rapid testing for respiratory syncytial virus in a paediatric emergency department: benefits for infection control and bed management Emergency Department Management of febrile respiratory illness in children Cost analysis of multiplex PCR testing for diagnosing respiratory virus infections Evaluation of Seegene Allplex respiratory panel 1 kit for the detection of influenza virus and human respiratory syncytial virus Clinical performance of the AllplexTM respiratory panel 1 test compared to SimplexaTM Flu A/B and RSV for detection of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus infection including their subtyping Evaluation of Allplex Respiratory Panel 1/2/3 multiplex real-time PCR assays for the detection of respiratory viruses with influenza A virus subtyping Performance characteristics of Xpert Flu/RSV XC assay Prospective and retrospective evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert ® Flu/RSV XC assay for rapid detection of influenza A, influenza B, and respiratory syncytial virus Charnot-Katsikas A. Comparison of cepheid Xpert Flu/RSV XC and biofire filmarray for detection of influenza A, influenza B, and respiratory syncytial virus Timing of respiratory virus molecular testing in emergency departments and its association with patient care outcomes: a retrospective observational study across six Australian hospitals Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic Bias, prevalence and kappa Firth's logistic regression with rare events: accurate effect estimates and predictions Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values: foundations, pliabilities, and pitfalls in research and practice How to cite this article RP1 show high diagnostic agreement for the detection of influenza A/B and respiratory syncytial viruses in clinical practice https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-6319 Incidence of acute respiratory infections in Australia Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections in Australian working-age adults (20-64 years Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study Mortality, morbidity, and hospitalisations due to influenza lower respiratory tract infections, 2017: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Global mortality associated with seasonal influenza epidemics: new burden estimates and predictors from the GLaMOR Project Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study Performance evaluation of Allplex respiratory panels 1, 2, and 3 for detection of respiratory viruses and influenza A virus subtypes Impact of rapid molecular diagnostic testing of respiratory viruses on outcomes of adults hospitalized with respiratory illness: a multicenter quasi-experimental study Prospective and retrospective evaluation of the performance of the FDA-approved cepheid Xpert Flu/RSV XC Assay


id: cord-332057-1vvlzuue
author: Pourbohloul, Babak
title: Initial human transmission dynamics of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in North America
date: 2009-08-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3384
sentence: 113
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-332057-1vvlzuue.txt
txt: txt/cord-332057-1vvlzuue.txt
summary:
  arXiv Pandemic potential of a strain of influenza A (H1N1): early findings Mortality due to influenza and pneumonia in Mexico between SARS outbreaks in Ontario, Hong Kong and Singapore: the role of diagnosis and isolation as a control mechanism Transmission Dynamics ª Transmissibility of 1918 pandemic influenza Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a year in review Containing pandemic influenza at the source Strategies for containing an emerging influenza pandemic in Southeast Asia Potter CW Chronicle of influenza pandemics Swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infections in a school Update on School (K•12) and Child Care Programs: Interim CDC Guidance in Response to Human Infections with the Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Global burden of disease 2005: call for collaborators Available at Modeling control strategies of respiratory pathogens Predicting epidemics on directed contact networks Spread of infectious disease through clustered populations We would like to thank the generous support of the Secretaria de Salud del Distrito Federal, for providing epidemiological data and insight. A probable case was defined as a suspected case in a patient from whom a specimen had been collected and tested positive for influenza A. A confirmed case was defined as a probable case that tested positive for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.


id: cord-320592-wnrzv4hg
author: Giuffrida, María J
date: 2013-08-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3459
sentence: 154
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-320592-wnrzv4hg.txt
txt: txt/cord-320592-wnrzv4hg.txt
title:
  Increased cytokine/chemokines in serum from asthmatic and non-asthmatic patients with viral respiratory infection

summary:
  Viral cell culture infection (RSV, parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3 and adenovirus) was determined by direct immunofluorescence using a commercial kit (Light Diagnostics SimulFluor Respiratory Screen Kit; Chemicon Internacional, Temecula, CA, USA). These effects probably are a common feature of respiratory virus infection, because similar serum cytokine/chemokine levels and viral cytokine inducer effect on monocyte cultures were observed in adenovirus and parainfluencia virus infections.


id: cord-338390-v4ncshav
author: Moghadas, Seyed M.
title: Managing public health crises: the role of models in pandemic preparedness
date: 2009-03-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3089
sentence: 104
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt
txt: txt/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt
summary:
  The meeting highlighted important aspects of Canadian public health that will be useful for creating an effective venue to communicate with public health in Taiwan. A history of influenza influenza: the mother of all pandemics Avian influenza H5N1: is it a cause for concern? Workshop on managing public health crises Population-wide emergence of antiviral resistance during pandemic influenza Antiviral resistance during pandemic influenza: implications for stockpiling and drug use Emergence of drug-resistance: implications for antiviral control of pandemic influenza A delay differential model for pandemic influenza with antiviral treatment Simple models for containment of a pandemic The impact of prophylaxis of healthcare workers on influenza pandemic burden Management of drug-resistance in the population: influenza as a case study Strategies for containing an emerging influenza pandemic in Southeast Asia Containing pandemic influenza at the source The workshop was funded by the Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex Systems (MITACS), Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), International Centre for Infectious Diseases (ICID), National Research Council Canada's Institute for Biodiagnostics (NRC-IBD), and the University of Winnipeg.


id: cord-337372-y43prnko
author: bin‐Reza, Faisal
date: 2011-12-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4043
sentence: 154
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-337372-y43prnko.txt
txt: txt/cord-337372-y43prnko.txt
title:
  The use of masks and respirators to prevent transmission of influenza: a systematic review of the scientific evidence

summary:
  18 None of the studies we reviewed established a conclusive relationship between mask ⁄ respirator use and protection against influenza infection. Firstly, development of evidence-based guidance about mask ⁄ respirator use is inextricably linked to what is known about how influenza is spread and specific risk factors that can affect transmissibility (e.g. host factors, pathogen factors, environmental factors and particle size).


id: cord-351008-p0n1fdxw
author: Monge, Susana
date: 2020-05-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3081
sentence: 118
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-351008-p0n1fdxw.txt
txt: txt/cord-351008-p0n1fdxw.txt
title:
  Ambulance dispatch calls attributable to influenza A and other common respiratory viruses in the Netherlands (2014‐2016)

summary:
  Overall, 15% of RSC were attributable to respiratory viruses (20% in out‐of‐office hour calls). Surveillance of respiratory viruses is mainly centred on influenza, for which robust systems have been developed in most countries, generally based on sentinel networks of General Practitioners (GPs, primary care).


id: cord-354151-psog34u3
author: van Asten, Liselotte
date: 2015-12-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4230
sentence: 138
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-354151-psog34u3.txt
txt: txt/cord-354151-psog34u3.txt
title:
  Early occurrence of influenza A epidemics coincided with changes in occurrence of other respiratory virus infections

summary:
  The estimated proportion of all positive diagnostics captured by this national surveillance varies between the monitored pathogens and was estimated between 38% (for rotavirus) and 73% (for influenza virus) in a 2002 study of five pathogens. While those reports hypothesize on viral interference between influenza virus and rhinovirus circulation (with rhinovirus delaying influenza spread), 1-3,17 we (like the Beijing study 16 ) did not observe clear-cut trends in rhinovirus reports in our laboratory diagnoses data.


id: cord-336335-spap39b7
author: Silva, Denise R
date: 2013-08-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4177
sentence: 187
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-336335-spap39b7.txt
txt: txt/cord-336335-spap39b7.txt
title:
  Respiratory viral infections and effects of meteorological parameters and air pollution in adults with respiratory symptoms admitted to the emergency room

summary:
  The contribution of influenza to combined acute respiratory infections, hospital admissions, and deaths in winter Excess hospital admissions for pneumonia and influenza in persons > or = 65 years associated with influenza epidemics in three English health districts: 1987-95 Community-acquired pneumonia Prospective epidemiologic survey of patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in Switzerland Frequency of detection of respiratory viruses in the lower respiratory tract of hospitalized adults Incidência de infecc ßão viral do trato respirat orio em asma aguda atendida em sala de emergência Surveillance of respiratory virus infections in adult hospital admissions using rapid methods Are meteorological parameters associated with acute respiratory tract infections? Increased susceptibility to RSV infection by exposure to inhaled diesel engine emissions Ultrafine carbon black particles enhance respiratory syncitial virus-induced airway reactivity, pulmonary inflammation, and chemokine expression Updated world map of the K€ oppen-Geiger climate classification Influenza activity-United States and worldwide, 2007-08 season Influenza pandêmica (H1N1) 2009 13, 14 Because of the large impact respiratory virus infections have on morbidity and even mortality, it is important to understand whether and how meteorological factors and exposure to air pollutants could influence respiratory virus infections.


id: cord-350928-vj5qlzpj
author: Arnott, Alicia
date: 2012-04-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4341
sentence: 189
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-350928-vj5qlzpj.txt
txt: txt/cord-350928-vj5qlzpj.txt
title:
  Human bocavirus amongst an all‐ages population hospitalised with acute lower respiratory infections in Cambodia

summary:
  The incidence of HBoV did not vary between the consecutive seasons investigated, and HBoV infections were detected year‐round. The incidence of HBoV infection was highest in patients aged <2 years, with pneumonia or bronchopneumonia the most common clinical diagnosis, regardless of age.


id: cord-307338-4nta9b6w
author: Slomka, Marek J.
date: 2010-08-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8001
sentence: 297
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-307338-4nta9b6w.txt
txt: txt/cord-307338-4nta9b6w.txt
title:
  Original Article: Real time reverse transcription (RRT)‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus and European swine influenza A virus infections in pigs

summary:
  The first variant (''perfect match'' M gene RRT PCR) included modification of the AIV reverse primer used by Spackman et al. 38 to provide a perfect match primer (reverse modified, i.e. ''Rev-mod'') with the corresponding region in the M gene of H1N1v isolates ( The second variant (''combo'' M gene RRT PCR) included an equimolar mix of the original AIV reverse primer plus the above Rev-mod primer, with each included at 0AE2 lm final concentration. These were designed to investigate any UK clinical specimens that may be positive by M gene RRT PCR but negative by ''H1-118'' RRT PCR and negative by VI.


id: cord-343050-1pfqgvie
author: Huang, Qiu Sue
title: Southern Hemisphere Influenza and Vaccine Effectiveness Research and Surveillance
date: 2015-06-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6057
sentence: 190
flesch: 19
cache: cache/cord-343050-1pfqgvie.txt
txt: txt/cord-343050-1pfqgvie.txt
summary:
  [67] It was designed to monitor trends in severe influenza disease and to best capture the majority of influenza respiratory disease to estimate the burden of influenza-associated respiratory hospitalizations, and risk factors for severe disease. However, the evidence to support valid and precise estimates of influenza disease burden globally remains weak with low quality, partly due to the short duration of studies and the heterogeneity of study settings and methods (statistical modelling, active versus passive case findings, virological versus clinical detection).


id: cord-335948-qkfxfmxb
author: Ampofo, William K.
date: 2011-08-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10007
sentence: 325
flesch: 18
cache: cache/cord-335948-qkfxfmxb.txt
txt: txt/cord-335948-qkfxfmxb.txt
title:
  Improving influenza vaccine virus selectionReport of a WHO informal consultation held at WHO headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland, 14–16 June 2010

summary:
  key: cord-335948-qkfxfmxb authors: Ampofo, William K.; Baylor, Norman; Cobey, Sarah; Cox, Nancy J.; Daves, Sharon; Edwards, Steven; Ferguson, Neil; Grohmann, Gary; Hay, Alan; Katz, Jacqueline; Kullabutr, Kornnika; Lambert, Linda; Levandowski, Roland; Mishra, A. C.; Monto, Arnold; Siqueira, Marilda; Tashiro, Masato; Waddell, Anthony L.; Wairagkar, Niteen; Wood, John; Zambon, Maria; Zhang, Wenqing title: Improving influenza vaccine virus selectionReport of a WHO informal consultation held at WHO headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland, 14–16 June 2010 date: 2011-08-08 journal: The expanded and enhanced role of the GISRS following the adoption of the International Health Regulations (2005), recognition of the continuing threat posed by avian H5N1 and the aftermath of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic provide an opportune time to critically review the process by which influenza vaccine viruses are selected.


id: cord-001521-l36f1gp7
title: Oral and Poster Manuscripts
date: 2011-04-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 183853
sentence: 8162
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt
txt: txt/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt
summary:
  The concept that swine are a mixing-vessel for the reassortment of influenza viruses and for the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses has been re-enforced by the emergence of the recent pandemic. This study was supported by Contract HHSN266200700005C from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Pigs have been considered as hypothetical ''mixing vessels'' facilitating the genesis of pandemic influenza viruses.


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